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Vršanská M, Veselá L, Baláková I, Kovaříková E, Jansová E, Knoll A, Voběrková S, Kubíčková L, Vaverková MD. A comprehensive study of food waste management and processing in the Czech Republic: Potential health risks and consumer behavior. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 927:172214. [PMID: 38580122 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Food waste is currently a widely discussed phenomenon with significant economic and social consequences. One third of the food produced in the world is wasted at various points along the food supply chain. This article presents a comprehensive study that examines consumer behavior in dealing with food waste and activities in the composting process that enable waste sanitation. The survey conducted as part of this study showed that consumers want to eliminate odors, are concerned about potential infections, and generally sort less food waste. This study suggested that the addition of appropriate additives could be a solution. The results indicated that additives could eliminate negative side effects such as unpleasant odors, the presence of insects and rodents, and act as a prevention of the occurrence of pathogenic organisms. Tea tree oil showed the best positive physical and chemical properties among the additives tested (CaCO3 and citric acid) with a significant effect on inhibiting the growth of bacterial strains such as Salmonella strains and had the strongest antibacterial effect, neutralized unpleasant odors, and stabilized the waste. The use of additives could be a future solution to meet consumer demands, improve the quality of food waste and advance the circular economy to improve the sustainability of agricultural systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Vršanská
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, třída Generála Píky 1999/5, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Veselá
- Department of Marketing and Trade, Faculty of Business and Economics, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Irena Baláková
- Department of Marketing and Trade, Faculty of Business and Economics, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ester Kovaříková
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, třída Generála Píky 1999/5, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Jansová
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, třída Generála Píky 1999/5, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Knoll
- Department of Animal Morphology, Physiology and Genetics, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Stanislava Voběrková
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, třída Generála Píky 1999/5, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lea Kubíčková
- Department of Marketing and Trade, Faculty of Business and Economics, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Magdalena Daria Vaverková
- Department of Applied and Landscape Ecology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Revitalization and Architecture, Institute of Civil Engineering, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, 02 776 Warsaw, Poland.
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Wang Y, Quan J, Cheng X, Li C, Yuan Z. Relationship of black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) gut microbiota and bioconversion efficiency with properties of substrates. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2024; 180:106-114. [PMID: 38564911 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2024.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Treating food waste using black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) is widely regarded as a promising nature-based measure. This study explored the influence of food waste particle sizes on substrate properties and its subsequent effects on bioconversion efficiency and gut microbiota. The results indicated that particle sizes mainly ranging from 4 mm to 10 mm (T1) significantly increased the weight loss rate of food waste by 35 % and larval biomass by 38 % compared to those in T4 (particle sizes mostly less than 2 mm) and promoted the bioconversion of carbon and nitrogen into larvae and gases. Investigation of substrates properties indicated that the final pH value of T1 was 7.79 ± 0.10, with Anaerococcus as the predominant substrate microorganism (relative abundance: 57.4 %), while T4 exhibited a final pH value of 5.71 ± 0.24, with Lactobacillus as the dominant microorganism (relative abundance: 95.2 %). Correlation analysis between substrate chemical properties and microbial community structure unveiled a strong relationship between substrate pH and the relative abundance of Anaerococcus and Lactobacillus. Furthermore, beneficial microorganisms such as Lactobacillus and Enterococcus colonized the BSFL gut of T1, while pathogenic bacterium Morganella, detrimental to BSFL gut function, was enriched in T4 (relative abundance: 60.9 %). Nevertheless, PCA analysis indicated that alterations in the gut microbial community structure may not be attributed to the substrate microorganisms. This study establishes particle size as a crucial parameter for BSFL bioconversion and advances understanding of the relationship between gut microbiota and substrate microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jiawei Quan
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiang Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Chunxing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; Lishui Institute of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 212200, China
| | - Zengwei Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; Lishui Institute of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 212200, China; Frontiers Science Center for Critical Earth Material Cycling, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
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Yu Q, Sun C, Cao W, Liu R, Abd-Alla MH, Rasmey AHM. Rumen fluid pretreatment promotes anaerobic methane production: revealing microbial dynamics driving increased acid yield from different concentrations of corn straw. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024:10.1007/s11356-024-33615-0. [PMID: 38733442 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33615-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
In this work, the corn straw (CS) with concentrations of 3%, 6%, and 9% (w/v) were pretreated by rumen fluid (RF) and then used for batched mesophilic biogas production. The results showed that after a 6-day pretreatment, volatile fatty acid (VFAs) production of 3.78, 8.27, and 10.4 g/L could be found in 3%, 6%, and 9%, respectively. When concerning with biogas production, the highest accumulative methane production of 149.1 mL CH4/g volatile solid was achieved by 6% pretreated CS, which was 22% and 45% higher than 3% and 9%, respectively. Also, it was 3.6 times higher than the same concentration of unpretreated CS. The results of the microbial community structure analysis revealed that the 6% CS pretreatment not only maintained a microbial community with the highest richness and diversity, but also exhibited the highest relative abundance of Firmicutes (45%) and Euryarchaeota (3.9%). This high abundance was conducive to its elevated production of VFAs and methane. These findings provide scientific reference for the utilization of CS and support the development of agricultural waste resource utilization and environmental protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, People's Republic of China
- College of Biological, Chemical Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314001, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Sun
- College of Biological, Chemical Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Weixing Cao
- College of Biological, Chemical Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314001, People's Republic of China
| | - Ronghou Liu
- Biomass Energy Engineering Research Centre, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Mohamed Hemida Abd-Alla
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, 71516, Egypt
| | - Abdel-Hamied M Rasmey
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Suez University, Suez, 43518, Egypt
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Li C, Zhang C, Ran F, Yao T, Lan X, Li H, Bai J, Lei Y, Zhou Z, Cui X. Effects of microbial deodorizer on pig feces fermentation and the underlying deodorizing mechanism. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2024; 174:174-186. [PMID: 38056366 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2023.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Microbial deodorization is a novel strategy for reducing odor in livestock and poultry feces. Herein, 12 strains of ammonia (NH3) and 15 hydrogen sulfide (H2S) removing bacteria were obtained with a removal efficiency of 65.20-79.80% and 34.90-79.70%, respectively. A novel bacteria deodorant named MIX (Bacillus zhangzhouensis, Bacillus altitudinis, and Acinetobacter pittii at a ratio of 1:1:2) were obtained. MIX can shorten the temperature rising stage by 2 days and prolong the thermophilic stage by 4 days. The ability of MIX to remove NH3, H2S, and volatile fatty acids (VFAs) and the underlying removal mechanism were analyzed during pig feces fermentation. MIX can significantly reduce the concentrations of NH3 and H2S by 41.82% and 66.35% and increase the concentrations of NO3--N and SO42- by 7.80% and 8.83% (P < 0.05), respectively, on the 25th day. Moreover, the concentrations of acetic, propionate, iso-valerate, and valerate were significantly reduced. The dominant bacteria communities at the phylum level were Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Spirochaetes. B. zhangzhouensis and B. altitudinis could convert NH4+-N to NO3--N, and A. pittii could transfer H2S to SO42-. This study revealed that bacteria deodorant can reduce the concentrations of NH3, H2S, and VFAs in pig feces and increase those of NH4+, NO3-, and SO42- and has excellent potential in deodorizing livestock and poultry feces composting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changning Li
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecosystem, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou, 730070 Gansu, China; College of Grassland Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- College of Grassland Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China
| | - Fu Ran
- College of Grassland Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China
| | - Tuo Yao
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecosystem, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou, 730070 Gansu, China; College of Grassland Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China.
| | - Xiaojun Lan
- Agricultural College, Anshun University, Anshun 561000, Guizhou, China
| | - Haiyun Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Western Ecological Safety, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Jie Bai
- College of Grassland Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China
| | - Yang Lei
- College of Grassland Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China
| | - Ze Zhou
- College of Grassland Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China
| | - Xiaoning Cui
- College of Grassland Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China
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Stegenta-Dąbrowska S, Syguła E, Bednik M, Rosik J. Effective Carbon Dioxide Mitigation and Improvement of Compost Nutrients with the Use of Composts' Biochar. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:563. [PMID: 38591413 PMCID: PMC10856095 DOI: 10.3390/ma17030563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Composting is a process that emits environmentally harmful gases: CO2, CO, H2S, and NH3, negatively affecting the quality of mature compost. The addition of biochar to the compost can significantly reduce emissions. For effective CO2 removal, high doses of biochar (up to 20%) are often recommended. Nevertheless, as the production efficiency of biochar is low-up to 90% mass loss-there is a need for research into the effectiveness of lower doses. In this study, laboratory experiments were conducted to observe the gaseous emissions during the first 10 days of composting with biochars obtained from mature composts. Biochars were produced at 550, 600, and 650 °C, and tested with different doses of 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15% per dry matter (d.m.) in composting mixtures, at three incubation temperatures (50, 60, and 70 °C). CO2, CO, H2S, and NH3 emissions were measured daily. The results showed that the biochars effectively mitigate CO2 emissions during the intensive phase of composting. Even 3-6% d.m. of compost biochars can reduce up to 50% of the total measured gas emissions (the best treatment was B650 at 60 °C) and significantly increase the content of macronutrients. This study confirmed that even low doses of compost biochars have the potential for enhancing the composting process and improving the quality of the material quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Stegenta-Dąbrowska
- Department of Applied Bioeconomy, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego Street 37a, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland; (S.S.-D.); (E.S.)
| | - Ewa Syguła
- Department of Applied Bioeconomy, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego Street 37a, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland; (S.S.-D.); (E.S.)
| | - Magdalena Bednik
- Institute of Soil Science, Plant Nutrition and Environmental Protection, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Grunwaldzka Street 53, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Joanna Rosik
- Department of Applied Bioeconomy, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego Street 37a, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland; (S.S.-D.); (E.S.)
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Wang Q, Li N, Jiang S, Li G, Yuan J, Li Y, Chang R, Gong X. Composting of post-consumption food waste enhanced by bioaugmentation with microbial consortium. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 907:168107. [PMID: 37884139 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
There is escalating interest in composting of post-consumption food waste (PCFW) to recycle nutrients and mitigate pollution by inappropriate disposal. The present study aimed to evaluate the performance of bioaugmentation to composting of PCFW, which is in difficulties caused by high sugar, protein and gross lipid content. Inoculation of the microbial consortium effectively induced rapid temperature and pH rising, which led to OM reduction rate at 25.11 % and maturity at 150 % in terms of Germination Index value. EEMs-FRI showed that humification was accelerated in the thermophilic stage and further improved in the mature stage. Bacterial community analysis revealed that microbial inoculant ameliorated acidification, and expedited temperature and pH rising in the initial stage, which in turn accelerated bacteria community succession. The abundance of Actinobacteria was much higher in the thermophilic and mature stage in T2 treatment than in T1, which might explain rapid organic degradation. High temperature enriched thermophilic genera (Thermobifida, Compostibacillus, Neobacillus), and Pseudonocardia and Actinoplanes were enriched in the mature stage, which correlated to effective degradation of organic matter, humification and maturity. Temperature and pH mainly motivated bacterial succession. The results suggest that bioaugmentation is a favorable approach for efficient composting of PCFW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqi Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Na Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Ordos Environmental Protection Investment Co., Ltd, Ordos 017000, China
| | - Sinan Jiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Guoxue Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jing Yuan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yanming Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ruixue Chang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaoyan Gong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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Verma S, Awasthi MK, Liu T, Awasthi SK, Syed A, Bahkali AH, Verma M, Zhang Z. Influence of biochar on succession of fungal communities during food waste composting. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 385:129437. [PMID: 37399966 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to examine the effects of biochar on fungal dynamics during food waste composting. The different dosage of wheat straw biochar from 0 to 15% (0%, 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, and 15%) were used as an additive to composting and examined for 42 days. The results showed that Ascomycota (94.64%) and Basidiomycota (5.36%) were the most dominant phyla. The most common fungal genera were Kluyveromyces (3.76%), Candida (5.34%), Trichoderma (2.30%), Fusarium (0.46%), Mycothermus-thermophilus (5.67%), Trametes (0.46%), and Trichosporon (3.38%). The average number of operational taxonomic units were 469, with the greatest abundance seen in the 7.5% and 10% treatments. Redundancy analysis revealed that different concentrations of biochar applied treatments have significantly distinct fungal communities. Additionally, correlation analyses of fungal interactions with environmental elements, performed through a heatmap, also indicate a distinct difference among the treatments. The study clearly demonstrates that 15% of biochar has a positive impact on fungal diversity and improves the food waste composting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivpal Verma
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China
| | - Mukesh Kumar Awasthi
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China
| | - Tao Liu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China; School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Sanjeev Kumar Awasthi
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China
| | - Asad Syed
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali H Bahkali
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Meenakshi Verma
- University Centre for Research & Development, Department of Chemistry, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, India
| | - Zengqiang Zhang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China.
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Composting Processes for Agricultural Waste Management: A Comprehensive Review. Processes (Basel) 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/pr11030731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Composting is the most adaptable and fruitful method for managing biodegradable solid wastes; it is a crucial agricultural practice that contributes to recycling farm and agricultural wastes. Composting is profitable for various plant, animal, and synthetic wastes, from residential bins to large corporations. Composting and agricultural waste management (AWM) practices flourish in developing countries, especially Pakistan. Composting has advantages over other AWM practices, such as landfilling agricultural waste, which increases the potential for pollution of groundwater by leachate, while composting reduces water contamination. Furthermore, waste is burned, open-dumped on land surfaces, and disposed of into bodies of water, leading to environmental and global warming concerns. Among AWM practices, composting is an environment-friendly and cost-effective practice for agricultural waste disposal. This review investigates improved AWM via various conventional and emerging composting processes and stages: composting, underlying mechanisms, and factors that influence composting of discrete crop residue, municipal solid waste (MSW), and biomedical waste (BMW). Additionally, this review describes and compares conventional and emerging composting. In the conclusion, current trends and future composting possibilities are summarized and reviewed. Recent developments in composting for AWM are highlighted in this critical review; various recommendations are developed to aid its technological growth, recognize its advantages, and increase research interest in composting processes.
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Xie T, Zhang Z, Zhang D, Tian Y, Nan J, Feng Y. Hydrothermal pretreatment and compound microbial agents promoting high-quality kitchen waste compost: Superior humification degree and reduction of odour. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 862:160657. [PMID: 36464058 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Present study investigated the effects of hydrothermal pretreatment (HTP) and addition of compound microbial agent (CMA) on humification, odour generation and metabolism functions of bacterial communities during composting of kitchen waste (KW). Surprisingly, HTP and CMA addition treatment could promote the humification of compost and the control of odour units in contrast to the control (without HTP and CMA addition). The humic acid to fulvic acid ratio of end compost increase by 187.30 %, while humification index (HIX) increased by 18.87 %. 3D-EEM fluorescence spectroscopy of dissolved organic matter (DOM) demonstrated that it facilitated the synthesis of humified compounds and the decomposition of biodegradable compounds. Moreover, the SUVA254, SUVA280 and E253/E203 increased by 118.6 %, 115.25 % and 42.11 % after HTP and CMA addition indicating an increase in aromatic carbon abundance. VFAs had the higher degradation rate (84.91 %) than other treatments (57.46-77.72 %). Meanwhile, the main contributor to the malodorous odour was isovaleric acid, followed by butyric acid and acetic acid during composting. Mantel test indicated that the humification degree was significantly influenced by environmental parameters (temperature, pH, etc.) and metabolic products (HA, DOC and VFAs). Metagenomic analysis indicated that the biodegradation processes at the thermophilic stage were controlled mainly through genes involved in microbial metabolism. HTP and CMA addition was an eco-friendly and efficient strategy to reduce odour emission and improve the compost quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology. No 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Zhaohan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology. No 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150090, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Ecosystem, Harbin Institute of Technology, China
| | - Dawei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology. No 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Yan Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology. No 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Jun Nan
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology. No 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Yujie Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology. No 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150090, China.
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Wang H, Shao T, Zhou Y, Long X, Rengel Z. The effect of biochar prepared at different pyrolysis temperatures on microbially driven conversion and retention of nitrogen during composting. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13698. [PMID: 36873514 PMCID: PMC9976328 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Aerobic composting is one of the most economical ways to produce organic fertilizer from agricultural wastes. In this research, we independently developed a simple composting simulation reactor. The effects of biochar pyrolysised at different pyrolysis temperatures (B1-450 °C; B2-550 °C; and B3-650 °C) on nitrogen conversion (Total nitrogen (TN), ammonium nitrogen (NH4 +-N), nitrate nitrogen (NO3 --N), cumulative amount of ammonia (CEA) and nitrous oxide (CEN) emission, nitrogen loss rate (NLR), etc.) and functional microbial community (cbbL, cbbM and nifH) structure in the composting system were studied. Results showed that the addition of biochar significantly improved the efficiency of composting, increased the NO3 --N concentration and reduced the NLR (%) in the composting system (B3 (31.4 ± 2.73)<B2=B1 (41.7 ± 3.29)<B0 (54.5 ± 3.34), p ≤ 0.05), while the loss rate of nitrogen positively correlated with compost pH. Denitrifying bacterial genera such as Pseudomonas, Alcaligenes, Paracoccus, Bacillus, Citrobacter, Mesorhizobium, Thiobacillus and Rhodococcus in this study was an important reason for nitrogen loss during composting, and the abundance of autotrophic microorganisms (such as Sulfuritalea, Hydrogenophaga, Thiobacillus, Thiomonas and Candidatus_Thioglobus) in treatments with biochar (B1, B2 and B3) were higher than that in B0. Besides, the community structure in the treatments B2 and B3 was similar at the end of composting and clearly distinguished from that in B1. Moreover, the five functions predicted by OTUs in this study with the highest proportions were chemoheterotrophy, nitrate reduction, fermentation, aerobic chemoheterotrophy and nitrogen respiration. The study provided a theoretical basis for the application of biochar to improve the compost-related processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haihou Wang
- Suzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institution of Agricultural Sciences Taihu Lake District, Suzhou, 215155, China.,National Soil Quality Observation and Experimental Station in Xiangcheng, Suzhou, 215131, China
| | - Tianyun Shao
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yujie Zhou
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xiaohua Long
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Zed Rengel
- Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia.,Institute for Adriatic Crops and Karst Reclamation, Put Duilova 11, Split, Croatia
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Zheng G, Cheng Y, Zhu Y, Yang J, Wang L, Chen T. Correlation of microbial dynamics to odor production and emission in full-scale sewage sludge composting. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 360:127597. [PMID: 35835422 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Odor is inevitably produced during sewage sludge composting, and the subsequent pollution hinders the further development of composting technologies. Third-generation high-throughput sequencing was used to analyze microbial community succession, and the correlations between odor and microbial communities were evaluated. Hydrogen sulfide (47.5-87.9 %) and ammonia (9.4-49.9 %) contributed majorly to odor emissions, accounting for 93.7-98.5 % of the emissions. Volatile sulfur compounds were mainly produced in the mesophilic and pre-thermophilic phases (43.0-83.4 %), whereas ammonia was mainly produced in the thermophilic phase (52.1-59.4 %). Microorganisms dominant in the mesophilic and thermophilic phases correlated positively with odor production in the following order: Rhodocyclaceae > Clostridiaceae_1 > Hyphomicrobiaceae > Acidimicrobiales > Family_XI, whereas those dominant in the cooling phase showed negative correlations with odor production in the following order: Bacillus > Sphingobacteriaceae > Pseudomonadaceae > DSSF69 > Chitinophagaceae. The back mixing of mature compost is expected to serve as an economical measure for controlling odor during sewage sludge composting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guodi Zheng
- Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Yuan Cheng
- Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yanli Zhu
- Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Junxing Yang
- Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lei Wang
- College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Tongbin Chen
- Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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12
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Yu X, Li X, Ren C, Wang J, Wang C, Zou Y, Wang X, Li G, Li Q. Co-composting with cow dung and subsequent vermicomposting improve compost quality of spent mushroom. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 358:127386. [PMID: 35636680 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In order to determine a feasible degrading process for spent mushroom (SMS) with high lignin content, the present work used cow dung (CD), SMS, and a mixture of CD and SMS as substrates and evaluated the effects of vermicomposting on the microflora and the quality of composting products. Bacterial (R2 = 0.548, P = 0.001) and fungal (R2 = 0.314, P = 0.005) community both were different between composting and vermicomposting. Vermicomposting and substrates affected enzyme activities indirectly by affecting ammonium, pH, total carbon, richness, and bacterial community composition. These results suggested that appropriate regulation of environmental factors may increase microbial activity. An increase in ion-exchange capacity (up to 139.8%), pH (6.9%), and nitrate (71.1%) and a decrease in total carbon (31.2%) and carbon/nitrogen ratio (32.1%) in vermicomposting indicated that earthworms could further improve product quality. Co-composting with CD and integrated subsequent vermicomposting efficiently promoted the maturity of SMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolan Yu
- Environmental and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, Hainan, China; Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Eco-Circular Agriculture, Haikou 571101, Hainan, China
| | - Xiaoliang Li
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Changqi Ren
- Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Jinchuang Wang
- Environmental and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, Hainan, China; Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Eco-Circular Agriculture, Haikou 571101, Hainan, China.
| | - Chaobi Wang
- Hainan Soil and Fertilizer Station, Haikou 571100, China
| | - Yukun Zou
- Environmental and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, Hainan, China; Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Eco-Circular Agriculture, Haikou 571101, Hainan, China
| | - Xiongfei Wang
- Hainan Soil and Fertilizer Station, Haikou 571100, China
| | - Guangyi Li
- Environmental and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, Hainan, China; Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Eco-Circular Agriculture, Haikou 571101, Hainan, China
| | - Qinfen Li
- Environmental and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, Hainan, China; Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Eco-Circular Agriculture, Haikou 571101, Hainan, China.
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13
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Hoang HG, Thuy BTP, Lin C, Vo DVN, Tran HT, Bahari MB, Le VG, Vu CT. The nitrogen cycle and mitigation strategies for nitrogen loss during organic waste composting: A review. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 300:134514. [PMID: 35398076 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Composting is a promising technology to decompose organic waste into humus-like high-quality compost, which can be used as organic fertilizer. However, greenhouse gases (N2O, CO2, CH4) and odorous emissions (H2S, NH3) are major concerns as secondary pollutants, which may pose adverse environmental and health effects. During the composting process, nitrogen cycle plays an important role to the compost quality. This review aimed to (1) summarizes the nitrogen cycle of the composting, (2) examine the operational parameters, microbial activities, functions of enzymes and genes affecting the nitrogen cycle, and (3) discuss mitigation strategies for nitrogen loss. Operational parameters such as moisture, oxygen content, temperature, C/N ratio and pH play an essential role in the nitrogen cycle, and adjusting them is the most straightforward method to reduce nitrogen loss. Also, nitrification and denitrification are the most crucial processes of the nitrogen cycle, which strongly affect microbial community dynamics. The ammonia-oxidizing bacteria or archaea (AOB/AOA) and the nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB), and heterotrophic and autotrophic denitrifiers play a vital role in nitrification and denitrification with the involvement of ammonia monooxygenase (amoA) gene, nitrate reductase genes (narG), and nitrous oxide reductase (nosZ). Furthermore, adding additives such as struvite salts (MgNH4PO4·6H2O), biochar, and zeolites (clinoptilolite), and microbial inoculation, namely Bacillus cereus (ammonium strain), Pseudomonas donghuensis (nitrite strain), and Bacillus licheniformis (nitrogen fixer) can help control nitrogen loss. This review summarized critical issues of the nitrogen cycle and nitrogen loss in order to help future composting research with regard to compost quality and air pollution/odor control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Giang Hoang
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Finance - Accounting, Dong Nai Technology University, Bien Hoa, Dong Nai, 76100, Viet Nam
| | - Bui Thi Phuong Thuy
- Faculty of Basic Sciences, Van Lang University, 68/69 Dang Thuy Tram Street, Ward 13, Binh Thanh District, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Viet Nam
| | - Chitsan Lin
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, 81157, Taiwan
| | - Dai-Viet N Vo
- Center of Excellence for Green Energy and Environmental Nanomaterials (CE@GrEEN), Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Viet Nam; School of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Engineering Campus, 14300, Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Huu Tuan Tran
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, 81157, Taiwan.
| | - Mahadi B Bahari
- Faculty of Science, Universiti Technoloki Malaysia, 81310, UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Van Giang Le
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Chi Thanh Vu
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL, 35899, USA.
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14
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Yong MT, Babla M, Karan S, Katwal U, Jahandari S, Matta P, Chen ZH, Tao Z. Coal tailings as a soil conditioner: evaluation of tailing properties and effect on tomato plants. PLANT GROWTH REGULATION 2022; 98:439-450. [PMID: 35892116 PMCID: PMC9302870 DOI: 10.1007/s10725-022-00870-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The global coal industry yields a vast amount of tailings waste, and the utilisation of these tailings necessitates innovative efforts contributing to the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. One of such novel initiatives is to reuse coal tailings (CT) safely, ecofriendly, and cost-effectively in agroecosystems as a soil conditioner to enhance the productivity of lands. This study aimed to evaluate the potential utilisation of coal tailings waste in the soil amelioration to improve plant performance. The physico-chemical characteristics of coal tailings from two Australian mining sites (CT1 and CT2) showed that the tailings samples are alkaline with loamy and loamy sand textures, respectively. The tailings have ~ 3% of macronutrients, high carbon (C), and low heavy metals and metalloids (As, Cd, Se, Cu, Zn, and Pb). The germination rate of tomato seeds was improved in the low-rate CT treatment. Greenhouse tomato plants exhibited an increase in leaf's K, Ca, and Mg contents in CT1 and CT2 treatments. More importantly, the CT treatment-induced accumulation of heavy metals in plants was mostly insignificant in both CT treatments. Therefore, we highlight the potential application of coal tailings as a soil conditioner because of the beneficial effect of improved carbon and nutrients (N, P, K, Mg, and Ca) in tomato leaves. Further amendment of the coal tailings should focus on the adjustment of pH and the addition of other beneficial materials for the improvement of soil properties for crops in both the greenhouse and the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miing-Tiem Yong
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751 Australia
| | - Mohammad Babla
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751 Australia
| | - Shawan Karan
- Technical Support Services and Mass Spectrometry Facility, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560 Australia
| | - Utsab Katwal
- Centre for Infrastructure Engineering, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751 Australia
| | - Soheil Jahandari
- Centre for Infrastructure Engineering, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751 Australia
| | - Pushpinder Matta
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751 Australia
| | - Zhong-Hua Chen
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751 Australia
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751 Australia
| | - Zhong Tao
- Centre for Infrastructure Engineering, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751 Australia
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15
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Zhao X, Liu M, Yang S, Gong H, Ma J, Li C, Wang K. Performance and microbial community evaluation of full-scale two-phase anaerobic digestion of waste activated sludge. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 814:152525. [PMID: 34954158 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
"Temperature Staging and Biological Phasing" (TSBP) is an improved two-phase anaerobic digestion (AD) technology. This technology hydrolyzes waste activated sludge (WAS) at 45 °C and converts methane at mesophilic temperature (35-38 °C), with hydraulic retention times of 3-5 d and 14-17 d, respectively. In this study, the performance and microbial community dynamics of full-scale TSBP-based sludge anaerobic digestion system were studied, and the technology was evaluated by energy balance and ecological benefit analysis. The stable operation for 390 d showed that the cumulative biogas yield was about 349,041 m3, the maximum biogas yield rate was 563.68 L/kg VS, and the VS degradation rate of organic matters in the sludge was 47.19%. Proteobacteria and Firmicutes were found to be the dominant bacteria in both thermophilic and mesophilic reactors. Methanobacterium and Methanosarcina were the two most abundant methanogenic genera in the AD samples. The aceticlastic methanogenesis was likely the predominant production pathway of methane in AD processes based on metagenomics. The TSBP system operated stably, and the recovered energy could achieve energy self-sufficiency, which provided technical reference for the anaerobic treatment of sludge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Zhao
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Henan Center for Outstanding Overseas Scientists, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Min Liu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shipeng Yang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hui Gong
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jinyuan Ma
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Caibin Li
- Beijing Sustainable Green ET. Co., Ltd., Beijing 100084, China
| | - Kaijun Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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16
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Decentralized Processing Performance of Fruit and Vegetable Waste Discarded from Retail, Using an Automated Thermophilic Composting Technology. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14052835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Food waste generation is increasing at an exponential rate, affecting the environment, food security, and causing major economic issues worldwide. The main aim of the current research is to investigate a novel composting technology that is still in its early stages of development. The proposed composting technology combining thermophilic composting with the use of advanced automated processing reactors. Starting from a qualitative and quantitative analysis of the waste generated at retail-stores, the most significant difficulties associated to waste management as well as the main characteristics of the discarded waste were identified. The findings allowed to design and evaluate the real operating performance of an automated thermophilic composting prototype (working in a decentralized regime), with the goal of delivering a faster processing system, improving operational efficiency, reducing expenses, and lowering environmental impacts. The proposed operating technique showed a high capacity for pathogens and seeds removal, the waste input mass reduction of 88%, and efficiency in food processing (2235 kg of fruits and vegetables in a 14-days timeframe).
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17
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Jones SL, Gibson KE, Ricke SC. Critical Factors and Emerging Opportunities in Food Waste Utilization and Treatment Technologies. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2021.781537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Globally, approximately one-third of food produced for human consumption is lost or discarded, comprising 1. 3 billion tons annually. Factors contributing to food waste from the food manufacturer to the consumer level are numerous. Events that may result in food waste include, but are not limited to, manufacturing food by-products, improper handling within the supply chain (e.g., cold chain deviations), misunderstood food date labels, over-purchasing, and consumer-level temperature abuse. From the manufacturer to consumer, each node in the food supply requires concerted efforts to divert food waste from entering municipal landfills. Depending on the state of the food waste, it is diverted to various outlets, from food donation for consumption to composting for soil amendment. To better understand the opportunities in the United States to divert food waste from landfills, current and emerging federal policies as well as the causes of food waste generation must be understood. Unfortunately, information on both the composition of food waste in the U.S. and how it impacts critical factors in food waste treatment, especially in food waste composting, is limited. Specifically, this review aims to: (1) discuss and compare critical factors that impact the fate of food waste and (2) examine emerging opportunities to advance the processing and products of food waste.
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18
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Gurmessa B, Milanovic V, Foppa Pedretti E, Corti G, Ashworth AJ, Aquilanti L, Ferrocino I, Rita Corvaglia M, Cocco S. Post-digestate composting shifts microbial composition and degrades antimicrobial resistance genes. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 340:125662. [PMID: 34333345 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Post-digestate treatments may reduce the risk linked to Antibiotic Resistant Genes (ARGs) release with digestate direct land application. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate post-digestate composting and co-composting with biogas production feedstock (maize silage, food processing waste, and poultry litter) effect on abundance of selected ARGs: erm(B), tet(K), tet(M), tet(O), and tet(S) genes. More than 80% of all ARGs were removed after 90 days of composting but removals from co-composting were lower. Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria dominated fresh digestate, and a network analysis indicated that these were potential hosts of ARGs. The emergence of Actinobacteria (dominant), Planctomycetes, and Verrucomicrobia phyla during composting shifted the microbial composition. Moreover, canonical correspondence analysis showed trace elements explaining 90% variations in ARGs abundance. The study illustrates significance of post-digestate composting in mitigating ARGs release, and effectiveness could be linked to shift in microbial composition and trace elements release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biyensa Gurmessa
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche 10, Ancona 60131, Italy.
| | - Vesna Milanovic
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche 10, Ancona 60131, Italy
| | - Ester Foppa Pedretti
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche 10, Ancona 60131, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Corti
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche 10, Ancona 60131, Italy
| | - Amanda J Ashworth
- Agricultural Research Service, U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE (USDA-ARS), Poultry Production and Product Safety Research Unit, 1260 W. Maple St., Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Lucia Aquilanti
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche 10, Ancona 60131, Italy
| | - Ilario Ferrocino
- Department of Agricultural, Forest, and Food Science, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, Grugliasco, Torino, Italy
| | - Maria Rita Corvaglia
- Department of Agricultural, Forest, and Food Science, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, Grugliasco, Torino, Italy
| | - Stefania Cocco
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche 10, Ancona 60131, Italy
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19
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Roslan MAM, Jefri NQUA, Ramlee N, Rahman NAA, Chong NHH, Bunawan H, Bharudin I, Kadir MHA, Mohammad M, Razali H. Enhancing food waste biodegradation rate in a food waste biodigester with the synergistic action of hydrolase-producing Bacillus paralicheniformis GRA2 and Bacillus velezensis TAP5 co-culture inoculation. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:3001-3012. [PMID: 34012331 PMCID: PMC8117001 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Food waste (FW) minimization at the source by using food waste biodigester (FWBs) has a vast potential to lower down the impact of increasing organic fraction in municipal solid waste generation. To this end, this research sought to check the performance of locally isolated hydrolase-producing bacteria (HPB) to improve food waste biodegradation rate. Two under-explored HPB identified as Bacillus paralicheniformis GRA2 and Bacillus velezensis TAP5 were able to produce maximum amylase, cellulase, protease and lipase activities, and demonstrated a significant hydrolase synergy in co-culture fermentation. In vitro biodegradation analysis of both autoclaved and non-autoclaved FW revealed that the HPB inoculation was effective to degrade total solids (>62%), protein (>19%), total fat (>51), total sugar (>86%), reducing sugar (>38%) and starch (>50%) after 8-day incubation. All co-culture treatments were recorded superior to the respective monocultures and the uninoculated control. The results of FW biodegradation using batch-biodigester trial indicated that the 1500 mL and 1000 mL inoculum size of HPB inoculant reached a plateau on the 4th day, with gross biodegradation percentage (GBP) of >85% as compared to control (66.4%). The 1000 mL inoculum was sufficient to achieve the maximum GBP (>90%) of FW after an 8-day biodigestion in a FWB.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nur Qaiyyum Ummi Aiman Jefri
- School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600 Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nurhidayah Ramlee
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nor Aini Abdul Rahman
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nur Hazlin Hazrin Chong
- School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600 Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hamidun Bunawan
- Institute of Systems Biology (INBIOSIS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Izwan Bharudin
- School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600 Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Masita Mohammad
- Solar Energy Research Institute (SERI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600 Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Halim Razali
- Solar Energy Research Institute (SERI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600 Selangor, Malaysia
- Corresponding author.
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20
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Zhang Y, Dai Z, Zhou Z, Yin H, Zhang M, Zhang H, Liu Y, Li Q, Nan X, Liu X, Meng D. Development of the yeast and lactic acid bacteria co-culture agent for atmospheric ammonia removing: Genomic features and on-site applications. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 218:112287. [PMID: 33933812 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Odorous gas (e.g. atmospheric ammonia) in low ventilation public places, such as public toilets and waste transfer stations, causes severe health problems. Many technologies are developed to purify the atmospheric ammonia, among which the microbial agents are supposed to be a green and economical approach. In this study, we developed a yeast, Pichia sp. J1, and a lactic acid bacterium (LAB), Lactobacillus paracasei B1, co-culture agent for atmospheric ammonia removing. The on-site application results indicated the yeast and LAB mixed fermented agent had a maximum ammonia removing efficiency of 98.78%, which is significantly higher than the pure cultures (78.93% for B1 and 75.00% for J1), indicating the co-culture agent is an excellent biological product for ammonia removal. The excellent performance of the agent is closely related to the synergy behaviors between the yeast and LAB. In the co-culture agents, some of the LAB cells adhered closely to the yeast, and the growth and lactic acid producing ability of LAB were significantly promoted by yeast. Genomic analysis indicated the complementary of nutrients, i.e. carbon and nitrogen resources, signal transduction, and adhesion proteins (regulates adhesion behavior) played roles in regulating the synergy effects. Our study offers a novel biological solution of odorous gas purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfang Zhang
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy, Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Zhimin Dai
- Central South Water Science and Technology Co. Ltd, Changsha 410001, China; National City Water Supply Water Quality Monitoring Network Changsha Monitoring Station, Changsha 410001, China
| | - Zhicheng Zhou
- Hunan Tobacco Science Institute, Changsha 410010, China
| | - Huaqun Yin
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy, Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Min Zhang
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy, Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Hetian Zhang
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy, Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Yongjun Liu
- Hunan Tobacco Science Institute, Changsha 410010, China
| | - Qian Li
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy, Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Xiaolong Nan
- 306 Bridge of Hunan Nuclear Geology, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Xueduan Liu
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy, Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Delong Meng
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy, Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China.
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21
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Ren J, Deng L, Li C, Dong L, Li Z, Zhang J, Niu D. Effects of added thermally treated penicillin fermentation residues on the quality and safety of composts. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 283:111984. [PMID: 33477096 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.111984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Thermal treatment and composting are effective methods of degrading antibiotics and organic matter in penicillin fermentation residues (PFR), respectively. However, the composting efficiency and environmental safety of thermally treated PFR (HT-PFR) remain unclear. In this study, HT-PFR was composted with cattle manure and maize straw at ratios of 0:1:1 (CK), 1.5:1:1 (T1), and 5:1:1 (T2). Changes in physicochemical properties, seed germination index (GI), and microbial antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) were determined. Addition of HT-PFR significantly reduced the C:N ratio of each compost (P < 0.05) and prolonged the thermophilic stage. The GI of CK and T1 composts increased during processing, whereas that of T2 compost remained low. The PO43- concentrations of T1 and T2 composts were 6.3- and 11.1-fold higher than that of CK, respectively. HT-PFR contained relatively small amounts of mineral elements, and composting it with cattle manure and maize straw provided balanced nutrients for plant growth. After 52 days of composting, most ARGs of the microflora were reduced to low levels, but blaTEM increased significantly in T2 compost. Overall, composting HT-PFR at up to 42% of a mix containing equal parts of cattle manure and wheat straw is an environmentally safe and effective way of transforming it into organic fertilizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjun Ren
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomass Refining and High-Quality Utilization, Institute of Urban and Rural Mining, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, China
| | - Liujie Deng
- State Environmental Protection Antibiotic Mycelial Dreg Harmless Treatment and Resource Utilization Engineering Technology Center, Yili Chuanning Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Yili, 835007, China
| | - Chunyu Li
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomass Refining and High-Quality Utilization, Institute of Urban and Rural Mining, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, China
| | - Liping Dong
- State Environmental Protection Antibiotic Mycelial Dreg Harmless Treatment and Resource Utilization Engineering Technology Center, Yili Chuanning Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Yili, 835007, China
| | - Zhijie Li
- State Environmental Protection Antibiotic Mycelial Dreg Harmless Treatment and Resource Utilization Engineering Technology Center, Yili Chuanning Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Yili, 835007, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Hebei Cixin Environmental Technology Co., Ltd., Langfang, 065600, China
| | - Dongze Niu
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomass Refining and High-Quality Utilization, Institute of Urban and Rural Mining, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, China.
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22
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Leno N, Sudharmaidevi CR, Byju G, Thampatti KCM, Krishnaprasad PU, Jacob G, Gopinath PP. Thermochemical digestate fertilizer from solid waste: Characterization, labile carbon dynamics, dehydrogenase activity, water holding capacity and biomass allocation in banana. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2021; 123:1-14. [PMID: 33517138 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2021.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Thermochemical digestion is a rapid technology of biowaste management resulting in the instant production of organic fertilizer. Characterization and assessment of its suitability as an organic fertilizer is essential for recommendation for crop application. Biowaste and the thermochemical digestate were subjected to physicochemical and biochemical characterization and the compost maturity parameters assessed. The product integrated with inorganic fertilizers was tested in an Ultisol grown with banana in comparison with farmyard manure based fertilizers. Temporal variation in soil reaction, water holding capacity, carbon dynamics, dehydrogenase activity and plant biomass were determined. The thermochemical digestate fertilizer had a bulk density (0.76 Mg m-3), pH (neutral), C:N ratio (16.26), CEC (85.70 cmol(+) kg-1), CEC/ TOC ratio (3.99), Fertilizing index (4.7) and a Clean index (5.0). Field evaluation revealed enhanced water holding capacity (38.75-83.17%). Total carbon increased with consistently high labile (R2 = 0.9551) and non labile carbon fractions and the lowest average lability index (0.78). Dehydrogenase activity at harvest enhanced by 72.81%. An even biomass allocation resulted in 38.84% more biomass production in the fruit over farmyard manure based treatments. In addition to ensuring the safety of the environmental ecosystem, the thermochemical digestate conformed to be a quality resource favoring microbial proliferation and carbon sequestration, thereby restraining carbon dioxide emission. The thermochemical digestate fertilizer based nutrition serves the key deliverables of natural resource management, ecofriendly rapid disposal of biowaste and quality organic fertilizer for banana in Ultisols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveen Leno
- Kerala Agricultural University - College of Agriculture, Trivandrum 695 522, Kerala, India.
| | | | - Gangadharan Byju
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research - Central Tuber Crops Research Institute, Trivandrum 695 017, Kerala, India
| | | | - Priya Usha Krishnaprasad
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research - Central Plantation Crops Research Institute, Regional Station, Vittal 574 243, Karnataka, India
| | - Geethu Jacob
- Kerala Agricultural University - College of Agriculture, Trivandrum 695 522, Kerala, India
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23
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Wang H, Lu Y, Xu J, Liu X, Sheng L. Effects of additives on nitrogen transformation and greenhouse gases emission of co-composting for deer manure and corn straw. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:13000-13020. [PMID: 33097993 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11302-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Compost can realize the recycling of organic waste. However, it also emits NH3 and greenhouse gases (GHGs) to the environment, which leads to nitrogen loss and global warming. Adding additives to compost can alleviate the emission of NH3 and GHGs. The mechanism of nitrogen transformation and GHGs emission was studied with deer manure and corn straw as compost substrate, and biochar and zeolite as additives. The results showed that the addition of zeolite in compost is good for prolonging high-temperature composting time. The addition of zeolite reduced the transformation of NH3-N and the N2O emission. The addition of zeolite is beneficial to reduce nitrogen loss during composting. CH4 emission is an important factor affecting the global warming potential of composting, and it is necessary to improve ventilation conditions in order to alleviate anaerobic. This study is of great significance to reduce nitrogen loss and improve composting effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanxi Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration/School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Jingyue Street 2555, Changchun, 130017, Jilin Province, China
| | - Yue Lu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration/School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Jingyue Street 2555, Changchun, 130017, Jilin Province, China
| | - Jianling Xu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration/School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Jingyue Street 2555, Changchun, 130017, Jilin Province, China.
| | - Xuejun Liu
- The Education Department of Jilin Province, Renmin Street 1485, Changchun, 130051, Jilin Province, China
| | - Lianxi Sheng
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration/School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Jingyue Street 2555, Changchun, 130017, Jilin Province, China
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24
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Challenges and Control Strategies of Odor Emission from Composting Operation. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2021; 193:2331-2356. [PMID: 33635490 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-021-03490-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Composting is a biological decomposition process that occurs from microbial progression, which brings about the degradation and stabilization of various organic waste into compost. During composting, the emission of undesirable odor adversely affects compost quality and causes environmental deterioration. Also, odor emission from composting adversely affects human health and well-being. Ammonia (NH3), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) are major components of odorous gases responsible for unpleasant odor. Physiological parameters such as pH, temperature, and aeration affect the pattern of odor emission during the composting process. The lack of techniques for the accurate identification and estimation of odor and control are some major challenges associated with composting. Therefore, the present review article concentrates on challenges and solutions to odor control. Biotrickling filter, optimization of process parameters, usage of additives, microbial inoculation, and pre-treatment techniques are practiced to lower odor emission during the process. The application of metagenomics may provide insight into the various biogeochemical pathways that can be explored in the future for odor control.
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25
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Chang R, Li Y, Li N, Wu X, Chen Q. Effect of microbial transformation induced by metallic compound additives and temperature variations during composting on suppression of soil-borne pathogens. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 279:111816. [PMID: 33321350 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Agricultural wastes can be modified by composting and reused in soil to suppress soil-borne pathogens, which was proved to be closely related with microbial parameters. However, the microbial community in compost can be directly altered by temperature variations and metallic compound additives during composting process. The present study collected samples in various stages of the 35-day composting process, in which a study control (no additives) and different metallic compound additives, including magnesium oxide (MgO), alum (AlK(SO4)3), calcium oxide (CaO) and ferrous sulfate (FeSO4), were set in the bespoke compost with cow dung and corn stalk. The results showed that the additives prolonged the composting maturity process, whereas no consistent influence on the temperature variation and microbial community was observed. Temperature variations during composting significantly varied the bacteria and fungi diversity and community, especially the bacteria phyla of Firmicutes and Proteobacteria, while the bacteria were shown similar in Day 14 and Day 35 by PCA analysis. Meanwhile the samples from Day 14 and Day 35 showed stable suppressive effects on R. solani. and F. oxysporum, especially in D14 shown as 73.12%-88.16% and 30.95-58.55%, respectively, which were significantly related with the phyla of Firmicutes and Proteobacteria. In conclusion, temperature variations during composting process had a more significant impact than metallic compound additives on the microbial community and diversity, which resulted in significantly influence on the pathogen suppression. Suitable composting duration could produce effective suppressive products on soil-borne pathogens, for which further study was needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixue Chang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmyard Soil Pollution Prevention-control and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China; College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Yuting Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmyard Soil Pollution Prevention-control and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China; College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Naihui Li
- College of Horticulture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150038, China
| | - Xuehong Wu
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Qing Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmyard Soil Pollution Prevention-control and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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26
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Papale M, Romano I, Finore I, Lo Giudice A, Piccolo A, Cangemi S, Di Meo V, Nicolaus B, Poli A. Prokaryotic Diversity of the Composting Thermophilic Phase: The Case of Ground Coffee Compost. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9020218. [PMID: 33494462 PMCID: PMC7911569 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9020218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Waste biomass coming from a local coffee company, which supplied burnt ground coffee after an incorrect roasting process, was employed as a starting material in the composting plant of the Experimental Station of the University of Naples Federico II at Castel Volturno (CE). The direct molecular characterization of compost using 13C-NMR spectra, which was acquired through cross-polarization magic-angle spinning, showed a hydrophobicity index of 2.7% and an alkyl/hydroxyalkyl index of 0.7%. Compost samples that were collected during the early "active thermophilic phase" (when the composting temperature was 63 °C) were analyzed for the prokaryotic community composition and activities. Two complementary approaches, i.e., genomic and predictive metabolic analysis of the 16S rRNA V3-V4 amplicon and culture-dependent analysis, were combined to identify the main microbial factors that characterized the composting process. The whole microbial community was dominated by Firmicutes. The predictive analysis of the metabolic functionality of the community highlighted the potential degradation of peptidoglycan and the ability of metal chelation, with both functions being extremely useful for the revitalization and fertilization of agricultural soils. Finally, three biotechnologically relevant Firmicutes members, i.e., Geobacillus thermodenitrificans subsp. calidus, Aeribacillus pallidus, and Ureibacillus terrenus (strains CAF1, CAF2, and CAF5, respectively) were isolated from the "active thermophilic phase" of the coffee composting. All strains were thermophiles growing at the optimal temperature of 60 °C. Our findings contribute to the current knowledge on thermophilic composting microbiology and valorize burnt ground coffee as waste material with biotechnological potentialities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Papale
- Institute of Polar Sciences, National Research Council of Italy, Spianata San Raineri 86, 98122 Messina, Sicilia, Italy; (M.P.); (A.L.G.)
| | - Ida Romano
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council of Italy, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy; (I.R.); (I.F.); (B.N.)
| | - Ilaria Finore
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council of Italy, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy; (I.R.); (I.F.); (B.N.)
| | - Angelina Lo Giudice
- Institute of Polar Sciences, National Research Council of Italy, Spianata San Raineri 86, 98122 Messina, Sicilia, Italy; (M.P.); (A.L.G.)
| | - Alessandro Piccolo
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca sulla Risonanza Magnetica Nucleare per l’Ambiente, l’Agro-alimentare ed i Nuovi Materiali (CERMANU), Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Naples, Italy; (A.P.); (S.C.)
| | - Silvana Cangemi
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca sulla Risonanza Magnetica Nucleare per l’Ambiente, l’Agro-alimentare ed i Nuovi Materiali (CERMANU), Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Naples, Italy; (A.P.); (S.C.)
| | - Vincenzo Di Meo
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Naples, Italy;
| | - Barbara Nicolaus
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council of Italy, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy; (I.R.); (I.F.); (B.N.)
| | - Annarita Poli
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council of Italy, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy; (I.R.); (I.F.); (B.N.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-081-867-5311
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27
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Yuvaraj A, Thangaraj R, Ravindran B, Chang SW, Karmegam N. Centrality of cattle solid wastes in vermicomposting technology - A cleaner resource recovery and biowaste recycling option for agricultural and environmental sustainability. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 268:115688. [PMID: 33039975 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The current review reports the importance and significance of cattle solid waste in vermicomposting technology concerning biowaste pollution in the environment. Needy increasing population evokes livestock production resulting in the massive generation of livestock wastes, especially cattle dung. Improper disposal and handling of biowastes originating from agriculture, industries, forests, rural and urban areas lead to nutrient loss, environmental pollution and health risks. Among the organic waste disposal methods available, vermicomposting is regarded as an environmentally friendly technology for bioconversion of agricultural, industrial, rural and urban generated organic solid wastes which are serving as reservoirs of environmental pollution. In vermicomposting of organic wastes, cattle dung plays a central role in mineralization, nutrient recovery, earthworm and microbial activity leading to vermifertilizer production. Even though the vermicomposting studies use cattle dung invariably as an amendment material, its importance has not been reviewed to highlight its central role. Hence, the present review mainly emphasizes the key role played by cattle dung in vermicomposting. Vermiconversion of cattle dung alone and in combination with other biowaste materials of environmental concern, mechanisms involved and benefits of vermicompost in sustainable agriculture are the major objectives addressed in the present review. The analysis reveals that cattle dung is indispensable amendment material for vermicomposting technology to ensure agricultural and environmental sustainability by reducing pollution risks associated with biowastes on one hand, and nutrient-rich benign vermifertilizer production on the other hand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananthanarayanan Yuvaraj
- Vermitechnology and Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Periyar University, Salem, 636 011, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ramasundaram Thangaraj
- Vermitechnology and Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Periyar University, Salem, 636 011, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Balasubramani Ravindran
- Department of Environmental Energy and Engineering, Kyonggi University, Youngtong - Gu, Gyeonggi - Do, 16227, South Korea
| | - Soon Woong Chang
- Department of Environmental Energy and Engineering, Kyonggi University, Youngtong - Gu, Gyeonggi - Do, 16227, South Korea
| | - Natchimuthu Karmegam
- Department of Botany, Government Arts College (Autonomous), Salem, 636 007, Tamil Nadu, India.
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28
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Liu S, Meng J, Lan Y, Cheng X, E Y, Liu Z, Chen W. Effect of corn straw biochar on corn straw composting by affecting effective bacterial community. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2020; 51:792-802. [PMID: 33356900 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2020.1858428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of corn straw biochar on the decomposition, nutrient transformation, and bacterial community characteristics in the corn straw decomposition process. A 90-day microcosm incubation experiment was performed to assess the effects of corn straw biochar (500 °C, 1 h) on the corn straw decomposition process and the resulting product. Four biochar amendment rates (0%, 5, 10, and 15%, as mass fractions of biochar) and three different addition times (1st day, 30th day, and 60th day) were set in total. The results showed that corn straw biochar significantly increased the pH of the corn straw decomposition process by 0.71-0.73 and increased the electrical conductivity value by 0.64-1.07 μS/cm over that of the controls. In addition, biochar was shown to increase the temperature rise rate and temperature peak of the straw maturation system, and advance the process of straw maturation by 10 days. Thus, treatment with corn straw biochar could accelerate the corn straw decomposition process and change the conditions for microorganisms involved in the process. Furthermore, biochar additions significantly decreased the organic matter content by 9.67% under B3 and T1 treatment, and enhanced the N, P2O5, and K2O contents of the straw decomposition product by 0.36, 0.19, and 0.88% under B3 and T1 treatment. Biochar additions could increase the abundance of several effective bacteria closely related to the N, P2O5, and K2O contents of the straw maturation product. The growth of these bacteria was likely to be affected by the increase in pH with biochar addition, which enabled the improvement of the nutrient mineralization process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sainan Liu
- Agricultural College, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China.,Liaoning Biochar Engineering and Technology Research Center, Shenyang, China
| | - Jun Meng
- Agricultural College, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China.,Liaoning Biochar Engineering and Technology Research Center, Shenyang, China
| | - Yu Lan
- Agricultural College, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China.,Liaoning Biochar Engineering and Technology Research Center, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaoyi Cheng
- Agricultural College, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yang E
- Agricultural College, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China.,Liaoning Biochar Engineering and Technology Research Center, Shenyang, China
| | - Zunqi Liu
- Agricultural College, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China.,Liaoning Biochar Engineering and Technology Research Center, Shenyang, China
| | - Wenfu Chen
- Agricultural College, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China.,Liaoning Biochar Engineering and Technology Research Center, Shenyang, China
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29
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Liu T, Kumar Awasthi M, Kumar Awasthi S, Ren X, Liu X, Zhang Z. Influence of fine coal gasification slag on greenhouse gases emission and volatile fatty acids during pig manure composting. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 316:123915. [PMID: 32739574 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study was evaluated industrial waste fine coal gasification slag (FCGS) as an additive on pig manure composting by parameters of greenhouse gases, NH3, volatile fatty acids (VFAs) and maturity. Six treatments of FCGS (0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, 8% and 10%) were added into the mixture raw material and composted 42 days. Results illustrated that the FCGS amendment could prolong sanitation stage and promote the degree of maturity, germination index and C/N ratio during composting. With the increasing amendment of FCGS, GI was increased from 9.97 to 28.45%. Compared with control, increasing of FCGS proportion could reduce the mitigation of global warming potential (N2O and CH4), NH3 and cumulative of VFAs from 8.89-77.04%, 3.81-71.65%, 5.18-28.02% and 8.79-83.33%. Finally, present study results revealed that 10%FCGS could improve composting and reduced the maturity period as well as compost quality, thus recommended as effective dosage for efficient pig manure composting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Liu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, PR China
| | - Mukesh Kumar Awasthi
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, PR China
| | - Sanjeev Kumar Awasthi
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, PR China
| | - Xiuna Ren
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, PR China
| | - Xiangyu Liu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, PR China
| | - Zengqiang Zhang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, PR China.
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30
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Hong SH, Lyonga FN, Kang JK, Seo EJ, Lee CG, Jeong S, Hong SG, Park SJ. Synthesis of Fe-impregnated biochar from food waste for Selenium(Ⅵ) removal from aqueous solution through adsorption: Process optimization and assessment. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 252:126475. [PMID: 32200180 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Iron-impregnated food waste biochar (Fe-FWB) was synthesized for Se(Ⅵ) removal from aqueous solution. The effect and interactive effects of different parameters including pyrolysis time, temperature, and Fe concentration were explored using response surface methodology (RSM) to enhance conditions to achieve the highest Se(Ⅵ) removal using Fe-FWB. Pyrolysis time was not significant for Se(Ⅵ) adsorption capacity of Fe-FWB, but temperature and Fe concentration were found to be significant. The highest adsorption was achieved at 3.47 h and 495.0 °C with an Fe concentration of 0.44 M. Fe-FWB synthesized under optimum conditions were used to investigate the kinetic, equilibrium, and thermodynamic adsorption of Se(Ⅵ). Se(Ⅵ) adsorption reached equilibrium within 6 h, and both pseudo-second order and pseudo-first order models were suitable for describing kinetic Se(Ⅵ) adsorption. The Freundlich model was found to suitably fit the equilibrium adsorption data than the Langmuir model. The highest adsorption capacity of Fe-FWB for Se(Ⅵ) was 11.7 mg g-1. Se(Ⅵ) adsorption on Fe-FWB was endothermic and spontaneous. The enthalpy change for Se(Ⅵ) adsorption was 54.4 kJ mol-1, and the entropy change was negative at 15-35 °C. The increment of solution pH from 3 to 11 decreased the Se(Ⅵ) adsorption from 19.2 to 7.4 mg g-1. The impact of interfering anions on Se(Ⅵ) adsorption followed the lineup: HCO3- > HPO42- > SO42- > NO3-. When compared to some adsorbents, the adsorption capacity of Se(Ⅵ) onto Fe-FWB was comparable even at neutral pH and the Fe-FWB was granular. These results indicate that Fe-FWB has prospective application in the removal of Se(Ⅵ) from aqueous solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Hee Hong
- Department of Integrated System Engineering, Hankyong National University, Anseong, 17579, Republic of Korea
| | - Fritz Ndumbe Lyonga
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hankyong National University, Anseong, 17579, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Kyu Kang
- Environmental Functional Materials and Water Treatment Laboratory, Seoul National University, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Jin Seo
- Department of Bioresources and Rural System Engineering, Hankyong National University, 17579, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Gu Lee
- Department of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghyun Jeong
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Gu Hong
- Department of Bioresources and Rural System Engineering, Hankyong National University, 17579, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Jik Park
- Department of Bioresources and Rural System Engineering, Hankyong National University, 17579, Republic of Korea.
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31
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Walling E, Trémier A, Vaneeckhaute C. A review of mathematical models for composting. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2020; 113:379-394. [PMID: 32580105 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2020.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Composting is a valuable method to treat and valorize organic waste. However, the process is defined by its dynamic nature and governed by a multitude of operating parameters. As such, mathematical modelling of the process offers a powerful tool to simulate and predict the variable outcomes of the process, allowing for its optimization. This can include improving efficiency, lowering costs and reducing environmental impact. To aid with the development of future models, we provide an up to date review and assessment on the state of the art of composting modelling. By reviewing 40 years of literature, this review paints the most complete picture of the field to date. This includes an analysis of trends in composting modelling: looking at the type of systems that are targeted, the aim of the models and the approaches to kinetics and mass and heat transfer. Regarding modelling approaches, we explore the fractionation of both substrates and microorganisms, the biological processes that can be included (disintegration, hydrolysis, uptake and death) and their kinetics (first-order, Monod-type), energy balances (biological generation, convection, conduction) and mass balances. We also provide a review of the results of sensitivity analyses performed on composting models, finding that models are most sensitive to microbial growth and death rates, as well as consumption rates and product yields. In the final portion of the review, we identify, explore, and provide guiding recommendations for work on emerging areas and areas requiring development in composting modelling (volume change, pH, maturation, artificial intelligence, etc.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Walling
- BioEngine - Research Team on Green Process Engineering and Biorefineries, Chemical Engineering Department, Université Laval, 1065 Ave. de la Médecine, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; CentrEau, Centre de recherche sur l'eau, Université Laval, 1065 Avenue de la Médecine, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
| | | | - Céline Vaneeckhaute
- BioEngine - Research Team on Green Process Engineering and Biorefineries, Chemical Engineering Department, Université Laval, 1065 Ave. de la Médecine, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; CentrEau, Centre de recherche sur l'eau, Université Laval, 1065 Avenue de la Médecine, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
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San Martin Ruiz M, Reiser M, Kranert M. Enhanced composting as a way to a climate-friendly management of coffee by-products. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:24312-24319. [PMID: 32306256 PMCID: PMC7326828 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08742-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the performance of aerobic windrow systems by using coffee by-products and green waste to reduce gaseous emissions. Thereafter, a comparison with the current treatment and gaseous emissions at a Coffee Mill in Costa Rica was made. Two different studies where performed in Germany (pile I and II) and one study in a Coffee Mill in Costa Rica (pile III). Temperature, water content, and pH were the key parameters controlled over 35 days in all the systems. Moreover, CH4 emission rates were quantified by a FTIR and by a portable gas detector device where the emissions reached values 100 times higher when coffee by-products as a unique material for the composting process was used. Results show that highest emission rates during the composting process for pile I was 0.007 g(m2)-1 h-1, for pile II 0.006 g(m2)-1 h-1, and for pile III 3.1 g(m2)-1 h-1. It was found that CH4 emissions could be avoided if the mixture and the formation of the windrow piles were performed following the key parameter for composting, and the usage of additional material is used. With this, the reduction of CH4 emissions at the Mill in Costa Rica could be achieved in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Macarena San Martin Ruiz
- Institute for Sanitary Engineering, Water Quality and Solid Waste Management, University of Stuttgart, Bandtäle 2, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Martin Reiser
- Institute for Sanitary Engineering, Water Quality and Solid Waste Management, University of Stuttgart, Bandtäle 2, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Martin Kranert
- Institute for Sanitary Engineering, Water Quality and Solid Waste Management, University of Stuttgart, Bandtäle 2, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
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Li Y, Hua D, Xu H, Jin F, Mu H, Zhao Y, Fang X. Acidogenic and methanogenic properties of corn straw silage: Regulation and microbial analysis of two-phase anaerobic digestion. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 307:123180. [PMID: 32203869 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Revised: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Corn straw silage (CSS) is one of the organic solid residues available for biogas production. The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility and optimal controlling strategy for anaerobic digestion (AD) of CSS. Four leaching bed reactors (LBR) were operated at different pH. Maximum volatile fatty acids (VFAs) concentration of 19.34 g/L was reached at pH 8.0 with acetic and propionic acids as dominant VFAs. The subsequent microbial analysis indicated that abundant bacteria were Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria. UASB as methanogenic reactor was integrated with the LBR. The organic loading rate (OLR) could reach 8 g COD/L·d with effective conversion of VFAs. Acetotrophic Methanosaeta and hydrogenotrophic Methanobacterium played major roles in methanogenic process. In the whole process, the results showed that methane yield of 143.4 mL CH4/g volatile solid (VS) was obtained. pH and OLR controls in two-phase AD were feasible for methane production from CSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; Energy Research Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomass Gasification Technology, Jinan 250014, China; School of Energy and Power Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China
| | - Dongliang Hua
- Energy Research Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomass Gasification Technology, Jinan 250014, China; School of Energy and Power Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China
| | - Haipeng Xu
- Energy Research Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomass Gasification Technology, Jinan 250014, China; School of Energy and Power Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China
| | - Fuqiang Jin
- Energy Research Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomass Gasification Technology, Jinan 250014, China; School of Energy and Power Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China
| | - Hui Mu
- Energy Research Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomass Gasification Technology, Jinan 250014, China; School of Energy and Power Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China
| | - Yuxiao Zhao
- Energy Research Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomass Gasification Technology, Jinan 250014, China; School of Energy and Power Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China
| | - Xu Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China.
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Abstract
Over the last decade, food waste has been one of the major issues globally as it brings a negative impact on the environment and health. Rotting discharges methane, causing greenhouse effect and adverse health effects due to pathogenic microorganisms or toxic leachates that reach agricultural land and water system. As a solution, composting is implemented to manage and reduce food waste in line with global sustainable development goals (SDGs). This review compiles input on the types of organic composting, its characteristics, physico-chemical properties involved, role of microbes and tools available in determining the microbial community structure. Composting types: vermi-composting, windrow composting, aerated static pile composting and in-vessel composting are discussed. The diversity of microorganisms in each of the three stages in composting is highlighted and the techniques used to determine the microbial community structure during composting such as biochemical identification, polymerase chain reaction denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE), terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) and single strand-conformation polymorphism (SSCP), microarray analysis and next-generation sequencing (NGS) are discussed. Overall, a good compost, not only reduces waste issues, but also contributes substantially to the economic and social sectors of a nation.
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Decentralized Community Composting: Past, Present and Future Aspects of Italy. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12083319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Italy is among the top biowaste-generating countries in Europe, and has a well-structured waste management framework with quite a number of centralized composting facilities. In recent years, there has also been huge interest from local communities in decentralized composting. Although decentralized community composting is common in some countries, there is still a lack of information on the operative environment together with its potential logistical, environmental, economic, and social impacts. Considering the national Italian legislation on community composting as well as successfully implemented projects at EU level, Italy can set a model especially for Mediterranean countries that intend to build decentralized composting programs. Therefore, in the context of this review paper, a brief overview of the composting process was presented together with main applications in centralized and especially in decentralized composting, while the main focus was kept on the operative and legislative information gathered from Italian community composting. There is a huge difference in the number of composting plants between the regions, and the lack of centralized facilities in the central and southern regions can be supported by decentralized solutions. Decentralizing waste treatment facilities and thus creating local solutions to urban waste management strategies will help to achieve the resource recovery and valorization targets in line with the circular economy.
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Monitoring of Fruit and Vegetable Waste Composting Process: Relationship between Microorganisms and Physico-Chemical Parameters. Processes (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/pr8030302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate and evaluate the composting potential of fruit and vegetable waste with sawdust in different combinations and to establish the relationship between microorganisms and physico-chemical parameters. Three samples were made with the C/N ratios of 50 (sample 1), 45 (sample 2), and 30 (sample 3) by adding fruit waste (apple, banana, orange, and kiwi peels) and vegetable waste (cabbage leaves, potato and carrot peels). The total amount of fruit and vegetable waste was approximately 2 kg in each sample to which different quantities of sawdust were added (1.23, 0.14, and 0.203 kg) in order to obtain the C/N ratios proposed and to limit the odor. Composting process was monitored over 70 days, while physico-chemical and microbiological analyses were performed. Results showed that in the first week pH is acidic and electrical conductivity values are high for all three samples, and then the pH values increase during the composting process, while electrical conductivity values decrease. The nitrogen content is low in all samples and will decrease during the first five weeks of the composting process, then begin to increase slightly. Cr, Cu, Ni, and Zn values in the all three compost samples are below threshold values. During the composing process the microbial communities are constantly changing. The compost was successfully obtained and meets the requirement standards for agricultural use. It can be concluded that there is statistically significant association between the microorganisms and physico-chemical indicators.
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Srivastava V, Vaish B, Singh RP, Singh P. An insight to municipal solid waste management of Varanasi city, India, and appraisal of vermicomposting as its efficient management approach. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2020; 192:191. [PMID: 32080774 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-020-8135-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Varanasi, India's historic cultural capital, struggles with efficient waste management practices. This impacts environment and human well-being in terms of waste generation that is estimated around 550-650 TPD with a generation rate of 0.42 kg capita-1 day-1 (n = 117). The present study aims to explore and characterize wastes, current practices, ecological profiling, and phytotoxicity of an abandoned open dumping site, and vermicomposting of organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) as sustainable waste management approach. Compositional analysis of waste indicates organic fraction (46.13%) as a major component along with a considerable amount of heavy metals. The calorific value and moisture content of municipal solid waste (MSW) was 2351.4 cal g-1 and 34.72%, respectively. Ecological profiling of the dumping site revealed that floral diversity and ecological species/indicators were negatively affected. Likewise, phytotoxicity results displayed a negative impact on germination and physiology of maize (Zea mays L.) plants grown on dumping site soil. Vermistabilization of OFMSW showed a significant increase in N (56.10-89.48%), P (33.93-82.87%), and K (25.55-50.42%) and a decrease in total organic carbon (15.15-24.81%). Similarly, C/N and C/P ratios decreased by 1.89-2.51 and 1.72-2.18 folds, respectively. A survey of stakeholders suggested that open dumping was the main practice adopted by Varanasi Municipal Corporation (VMC) during 2013-2015. Recently (2017-2018), VMC adopted different methods, such as door-to-door collection and source segregation for effective waste management. Waste characteristics and nutrient profile of the vermicompost explains that vermicomposting could be used for efficient waste management in Varanasi, further reducing the collection, transportation, and disposal costs of waste, which enables to close the loop and move towards a circular economy. Moreover, implications of existing waste management practices and possible management options need to be addressed scientifically. Therefore, this research outcome will help in designing a successful waste management plan for Varanasi and other cities with similar waste characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaibhav Srivastava
- Department of Environment and Sustainable Development, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Barkha Vaish
- Department of Environment and Sustainable Development, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Rajeev Pratap Singh
- Department of Environment and Sustainable Development, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India.
| | - Pooja Singh
- Department of Science, Institute of Computer Science and Technology, SHEPA, Varanasi, India
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Microbes as vital additives for solid waste composting. Heliyon 2020; 6:e03343. [PMID: 32095647 PMCID: PMC7033521 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Composting is a natural process that stems through microbial succession, marking the degradation and stabilization of organic matter present in waste. The use of microbial additives during composting is considered highly efficient, likely to enhance the production of different enzymes resulting in better rate of waste degradation. In lesser developed countries, composting has emerged as a vital technology to recycle the biodegradable waste while generating a useful product. Depending on the composition of the waste material, it can either directly undergo composting or homogenized prior to secondary waste treatment methods such as landfilling. However, a relatively expensive downstream handling all along is a main hurdle towards economics of the process. Although basic methodology and recent approaches are known in crucial aspects of the process through various reviews, exploring the behavior of effective microbial additives will be resourceful. In this review, to fill in the gap, studies related to microbial composting of municipal solid and food waste were acknowledged. Here in, factors that could slow down the composting process and affect the compost quality were addressed. Lastly, the review pictured a positive simulation and stated how excellent results, can be achieved by microbial additives during composting.
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Liu T, Awasthi MK, Awasthi SK, Duan Y, Zhang Z. Effects of black soldier fly larvae (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) on food waste and sewage sludge composting. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 256:109967. [PMID: 31989984 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
With the rapid development of the economy and population, the improvement of life level, enormous organic wastes have been generated. Black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) treatment is an attractive management method as it provides a strategy for waste treatment while also generate biofertilizers. The aim of this study was to evaluate the BSFL processing residue quality through the physical and chemical parameters. The sewage sludge (T1) and food waste (T2) were employed with BSFL (7:1.2 ration on fresh weight basis) and without BSFL T3 and T4 was marked control and composted for 9 days. The results showed that the BSFL composting reduced the organic matter by 14.51-21.98% and the accumulation of volatile fatty acids by 10.12-28.50%. While BSFL composting greatly increased total kjeldahl nitrogen by 23.15% compared with T4, T1 remained essentially unchanged. The additive of BSFL was significantly increased the total phosphorous and potassium in T2, but T1 remained stable compared with control. These results showed that the BSFL could improve the quality of end product and promote the food waste degradation. The current study indicates that the BSFL management provides an environmentally relevant alternative with very convenience in food waste. Further research should focus on residue sanitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Liu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, 712100, PR China
| | - Mukesh Kumar Awasthi
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, 712100, PR China.
| | - Sanjeev Kumar Awasthi
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, 712100, PR China
| | - Yumin Duan
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, 712100, PR China
| | - Zengqiang Zhang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, 712100, PR China.
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Conti C, Guarino M, Bacenetti J. Measurements techniques and models to assess odor annoyance: A review. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 134:105261. [PMID: 31704563 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.105261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Odors have received increasing attention among atmospheric pollutants. Indeed, odor emissions are a common source of complaints, affecting the quality of life of humans and animals. The odor is a property of a mixture of different volatile chemical species (sulfur, nitrogen, and volatile organic compounds) capable of stimulating the olfaction sense sufficiently to trigger a sensation of odor. The impact of odors on the surrounding areas depends on different factors, such as the amount of odors emitted from the site, the distance from the site, weather conditions, topography, other than odors sensitivity and tolerance of the neighborhood. Due to the complexity of the odor issue, the aim of this review was to give an overview of: (i) techniques (sensorial and analytical) that can be used to determine a quantitative and qualitative characterization; (ii) air dispersion models applied for the evaluation of the spatial and temporal distribution of atmospheric pollutants in terms of concentration in air and/or deposition in the studied domain; (iii) major sources of odor nuisance (waste and livestock); (iv) mitigation actions against odor impact. Among sensorial techniques dynamic olfactometry, field inspection, and recording from residents were considered; whereas, for analytical methodologies: gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, identification of specific compounds, and electronic nose. Both kinds of techniques evaluate the odor concentration. Instead, to account for the effective impact of odors on the population, air dispersion models are used. They can provide estimates of odor levels in both current and future emission scenarios. Moreover, they can be useful to estimate the efficiency of mitigation strategies. Most of the odor control strategies involve measures oriented to prevent, control dispersion, minimize the nuisance or remove the odorants from emissions, such as adequate process design, buffer zones, odor covers, and treatment technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Conti
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via G. Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Marcella Guarino
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via G. Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Jacopo Bacenetti
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via G. Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
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Li W, Ni J, Cai S, Liu Y, Shen C, Yang H, Chen Y, Tao J, Yu Y, Liu Q. Variations in microbial community structure and functional gene expression in bio-treatment processes with odorous pollutants. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17870. [PMID: 31780738 PMCID: PMC6883040 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54281-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Engineered microbial ecosystems in biofilters have been widely applied to treat odorous gases from industrial emissions. Variations in microbial community structure and function associated with the removal of odorous gases by biofilters are largely unknown. This study performed a metagenomic analysis to discover shifts in microbial community structures in a commercial scale biofilter after treating odorous gas. Our study identified 175,675 functional genes assigned into 43 functional KEGG pathways. Based on the unigene sequences, there were significant changes in microbial community structures in the biofilter after treating odorous gas. The dominant genera were Thiobacillus and Oceanicaulis before the treatment, and were Acidithiobacillus and Ferroplasma after the treatment. A clustering analysis showed that the number of down-regulated microbes exceeded the number of up-regulated microbes, suggesting that odorous gas treatment reduced in microbial community structures. A differential expression analysis identified 29,975 up- and 452,599 down-regulated genes. An enrichment analysis showed 17 classic types of xenobiotic biodegradation pathways. The results identified 16 and 15 genes involved in ammonia and sulfite metabolism, respectively; an analysis of their relative abundance identified several up-regulated genes, which may be efficient genes involved in removing odorous gases. The data provided in this study demonstrate the changes in microbial communities and help identify the dominant microflora and genes that play key roles in treating odorous gases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Li
- College of Qianjiang, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianguo Ni
- Hangzhou Ecological Environment Bureau of Xiaoshan Branch, Hangzhou, 311201, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaoqin Cai
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.,College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Liu
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenjia Shen
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Huayun Yang
- College of Qianjiang, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuquan Chen
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Tao
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunfeng Yu
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Liu
- College of Qianjiang, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China. .,College of Life and Environmental Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
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Duan Y, Awasthi SK, Liu T, Zhang Z, Awasthi MK. Response of bamboo biochar amendment on volatile fatty acids accumulation reduction and humification during chicken manure composting. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 291:121845. [PMID: 31349175 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Present study was focused on to evaluate the effectiveness of increasing bamboo biochar (BB) (0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, 8% and 10%) amendment on volatile fatty acids (VFAs) degradation and humification, as well as correlation with interrelated physicochemical parameters during chicken manure (CM) composting. The results showed that the extended thermophilic period and higher humic acid/fulvic acid ratio as well as richness bacteria community during CM composting. In addition, lower quantities of VFAs and odor generation with elevated biochar concentration. Redundancy analysis also supported that 10% BB has strong correlation with physicochemical parameters than other treatments. Overall, the 10% BB amendment could stimulate microbial activities to accelerate the organic waste degradation, reduced VFAs and odor emission so that improve hygiene and end product quality. It is notably assessed that application of 10% BB additive were optimal feasible and effectively channel for disposal of manure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumin Duan
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China
| | - Sanjeev Kumar Awasthi
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China
| | - Tao Liu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China
| | - Zengqiang Zhang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China
| | - Mukesh Kumar Awasthi
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China; Swedish Centre for Resource Recovery, University of Borås, 50190 Borås, Sweden.
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Qamaruz-Zaman N, Abdul-Sukor NS, Ab-Rahman SA, Yaacof N. The influence of moisture content on the production of odor from food waste using path analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:13658-13663. [PMID: 30955198 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04808-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Path analysis has been largely used in marketing research but has recently been applied in an environmental management context. This study evaluated the potential of path analysis in identifying the influence of moisture content on odor from decomposing food waste. Food waste with varying moisture content was monitored for odor concentration, microbial population density, oxygen uptake rate, volatile fatty acids, ammonia, and hydrogen sulfide. These various parameters were later analyzed using SmartPLS 3.0 software to produce the path analysis model using simultaneous equation modeling. Results indicate that odor concentration of food waste was not directly affected by moisture content (not significant, t-statistical 1.46 < 1.96), rather; moisture content influenced the microbial population density and biodegradability of the food residue which influenced the formation of hydrogen sulfide (significant, t-statistical 3.79 > 1.96) and subsequently odor. In order to manage food waste-related odors, it is recommended that the waste be kept at a moisture content lower than 40%. This is especially critical if prolonged storage is unavoidable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nastaein Qamaruz-Zaman
- School of Civil Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia.
- Solid Waste Management Cluster, Science and Engineering Research Centre, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia.
| | - Nur Sabahiah Abdul-Sukor
- School of Civil Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Siti Aishah Ab-Rahman
- School of Civil Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Nurashikin Yaacof
- School of Civil Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia
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Mei Y, Liu L, Lu YC, Tang CY. Reverse Electrodialysis Chemical Cell for Energy Harvesting from Controlled Acid-Base Neutralization. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:4640-4647. [PMID: 30916548 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b06361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We report a novel reverse electrodialysis (RED) chemical cell that integrates RED with acid/base neutralization. This RED neutralization process (REDn) approximately doubled the power density compared to a conventional RED stack (REDc), thanks to the additional salinity gradients established by H+ and OH- ions as a result of the neutralization reaction. Detailed analysis shows that the power performance, i.e., the open circuit voltage and power density, of the REDn cell was greatly limited by concentration polarization and uphill transport of ions. Addressing these issues could potentially lead to an order of magnitude improvement in power density as predicted by the Nernst equation. The current study provides a simple strategy for effectively extracting energy from the neutralization of waste acid and base solutions. Future studies shall further explore the treatment of acid mine drainage and landfill leachate with the RED chemical cell as well as its extension to a wider range of reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Mei
- Department of Civil Engineering , The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road , Hong Kong Special Administrative Region , P. R. China
| | - Lei Liu
- Electrochemical Energy and Interfaces Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin, New Territiories, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region , P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science , Anhui Normal University , Wuhu 241000 , China
| | - Yi-Chun Lu
- Electrochemical Energy and Interfaces Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin, New Territiories, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region , P. R. China
| | - Chuyang Y Tang
- Department of Civil Engineering , The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road , Hong Kong Special Administrative Region , P. R. China
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Effects of Physico-Chemical Parameters on Actinomycetes Communities during Composting of Agricultural Waste. SUSTAINABILITY 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/su11082229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of physico-chemical parameters on Actinomycetes communities and to prioritize those parameters that contributed to Actinomycetes community composition during the composting of agricultural waste. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis of polymerase chain reaction (PCR-DGGE) and redundancy analysis (RDA) were used to determine the relationships between those parameters and Actinomycetes community composition. Quantitative PCR (qPCR) and regression analysis were used to monitor the 16S rDNA copy numbers of Actinomycetes and to analyse the correlations between physico-chemical parameters and Actinomyces 16S rDNA gene abundance, respectively. The RDA results showed that moisture content, water soluble carbon (WSC) and pH (p < 0.05) made the main contributions to the temporal variations of Actinomycetes community composition. The output of the regression analysis indicated that moisture content (R2 = 0.407, p < 0.01) showed a negative linear relationship with the Actinomyces 16S rDNA gene abundance.
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Ho KS, Chu LM. Characterization of food waste from different sources in Hong Kong. JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION (1995) 2019; 69:277-288. [PMID: 30239326 DOI: 10.1080/10962247.2018.1526138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Food waste from different sources or at different generation stages may have different compositional characteristics and is therefore suitable for recycling into different products. To have a better understanding of their chemical composition, five food waste types were collected, namely, household kitchen waste (HH), preconsumption and postconsumption food waste from a hotel (Hpr and Hpo), wet market food waste (WM) and kitchen waste from a Chinese restaurant (CR), and their compositions were assessed monthly for 1 year. They served as suitable feedstock for various conversion technologies according to their chemical profiles. HH and CR had higher crude protein content (26%) and considerable amounts of minerals, making them nutritionally suitable for feeding animals. Preconsumption food wastes Hpr and WM had more favorable C:N ratios (16.5-17.4) and crude fat contents (4.6-6.5%) as feedstock for composting. Postconsumption food wastes were potential feedstock for the production of biogas and biodiesel because of the higher dry matter (>26%) and fat content (>13%). The coefficients of variation (CV) in all nutrients analyzed except Ca for postconsumption food wastes ranged from 5% to 37%, which showed lower temporal variability than preconsumption food wastes (CVs 10-131%). This implies that the composition of postconsumption food waste was relatively less fluctuating and can be considered a more reliable feedstock for food waste conversion. Implications: Characterization of food waste composition from different sources and determination of their temporal variation were performed to understand their characteristics and facilitate sound food waste management. Separating food wastes according to their sources and types helps reduce their composition variability, and thus increases the consistence in food-waste-derived products and recycling success. Study on temporal variation indicates that postconsumption food wastes varied less with time and could serve as reliable feedstocks for food waste conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka Sin Ho
- a School of Life Sciences , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin , NT , Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China
| | - Lee Man Chu
- a School of Life Sciences , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin , NT , Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China
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Ghinea C, Apostol LC, Prisacaru AE, Leahu A. Development of a model for food waste composting. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:4056-4069. [PMID: 30554319 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3939-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Worldwide, large amounts of food are wasted every year. Reducing of food waste at European level is taken very seriously and it has been adopted even a target of reducing the amount of food waste in half until 2030. In many countries of the European Union, food wastes are composted, while in countries like Romania, the composting is too little used or not at all, but efforts are being made to apply this process. Food waste composting should take place both at the composting plants and housing level. An important step before starting the composting process is to establish an appropriate recipe. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to develop a composting recipe starting from investigation of food waste like peel and pomace of fruits (apple, banana, orange, and kiwi) and vegetables (potato, cabbage, and carrots) which are very common in waste generated at the housing level. The most important physical-chemical parameters were investigated in this study. Results show that pH of fruit waste is acid (4.0-5.0), while for vegetable waste, the pH is slightly higher (between 6.0 and 6.5). For all types of food waste, a very high moisture content (80-90%) was registered, while the nitrogen content is below 1%. Considering that C/N ratio is one of the most essential parameters, for the process to be carried out in good conditions, we have used regression analysis in order to determine the amounts of fruits and vegetable waste necessary to obtain different C/N ratios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Ghinea
- Faculty of Food Engineering, Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava, 13 Universitatii Street, 720229, Suceava, Romania.
| | - Laura Carmen Apostol
- Faculty of Food Engineering, Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava, 13 Universitatii Street, 720229, Suceava, Romania
| | - Ancuta Elena Prisacaru
- Faculty of Food Engineering, Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava, 13 Universitatii Street, 720229, Suceava, Romania
| | - Ana Leahu
- Faculty of Food Engineering, Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava, 13 Universitatii Street, 720229, Suceava, Romania
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Tesso TA, Zheng A, Cai H, Liu G. Isolation and characterization of two Acinetobacter species able to degrade 3-methylindole. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0211275. [PMID: 30689668 PMCID: PMC6349333 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0211275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
3-Methylindole (3MI) or Skatole is a volatile lipophilic organic compound produced by anoxic metabolism of L-tryptophan and associated with animal farming and industrial processing wastes. Pure cultures of bacteria capable of utilizing 3MI were isolated from chicken manure using enrichment culture techniques. The bacteria were identified as Acinetobacter toweneri NTA1-2A and Acinetobacter guillouiae TAT1-6A, based on 16S rDNA gene amplicon sequence data. The optimal temperature and pH for degradation of 3MI were established using single factor experiments. Strain tolerance was assessed over a range of initial concentrations of 3MI, and the effects of initial concentration on subsequent microbial 3MI degradation were also measured. During the degradation experiment, concentrations of 3MI were quantified by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The strains were capable of degrade initial concentrations of 3MI ranging from 65–200 mg/L. The degradation efficiency was >85% in 6 days for both strains when the initial concentration is less than 200 mg/L. The strains were tested for enzymatic activity using 65 mg/L 3MI. The enzyme extracts of NTA1-2A and TAT1-6A from the 3MI medium degraded 71.46% and 60.71% of 3MI respectively, but no appreciable change in 3MI concentration in the control group was witnessed. Our experiment revealed betaine and choline were identified as 3MI degradation metabolites by both strains while nitroso-pyrrolidine and beta-alaninebetaine formed by NTA1-2A and TAT1-6A strains respectively. The NTA1-2A and TAT1-6A strains removed 84.32% and 81.39% 3MI respectively from chicken manure during fermentation in 8 days and showed a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05) compared with the control group. The optimum temperature and pH were 31°C and 6 respectively, for 3MI degradation by A. toweneri NTA1-2A and A. guillouiae TAT1-6A. We concluded that A. toweneri NTA1-2A and A. guillouiae TAT1-6A are potential strains of interest to degrade 3MI and control odorant in poultry and other livestock industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tujuba Ayele Tesso
- The Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Mettu University, Mettu, Ethiopia
| | - Aijuan Zheng
- The Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huiyi Cai
- The Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guohua Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
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Song C, Zhang Y, Xia X, Qi H, Li M, Pan H, Xi B. Effect of inoculation with a microbial consortium that degrades organic acids on the composting efficiency of food waste. Microb Biotechnol 2018; 11:1124-1136. [PMID: 29968359 PMCID: PMC6196389 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to overcome the excessive acidification problem, a microbial consortium for the degradation of organic acids (MCDOA), which acts synergistically in degrading organic acids, was developed and used as an inoculum to improve the efficiency of food waste composting. MCDOA could eliminate the initial lag phase of the pile temperature rise because of excessive acidification and effectively shorten the composting period. Fluorescence regional integration analysis of the excitation-emission matrix spectra of dissolved organic matter showed that compared with raw material, in compost with MCDOA inoculation, the percent fluorescence response (Pi,n ) values of Regions I, II and IV decreased by 95.11%, 94.19% and 87.41%, respectively, and Pi,n of Region V increased by 172.57%. The decreased and increased levels were markedly higher than in the two control groups (MgO and K2 HPO4 treatment, and uninoculated compost). These findings revealed that MCDOA accelerated the degradation of proteinaceous compounds and the formation of complicated humic-like materials. Bacterial profiles implied that MCDOA could improve the indigenous bacterial community structure and diversities of acetic and propionic acid-degrading and lignin-degrading bacteria, which might account for the high composting efficiency and degree of humification of the inoculated compost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caihong Song
- Life Science CollegeLiaocheng UniversityNo. 1, Hunan Road, Dongchangfu DistrictLiaochengChina
| | - Yali Zhang
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China
- Center for Chinese Agricultural PolicyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China
| | - Xunfeng Xia
- Innovation Base of Groundwater and Environmental Systems EngineeringChinese Research Academy of Environmental SciencesNo. 8, Dayangfang, Beiyuan Road, Chaoyang DistrictBeijing100012China
| | - Hui Qi
- Life Science CollegeLiaocheng UniversityNo. 1, Hunan Road, Dongchangfu DistrictLiaochengChina
| | - Mingxiao Li
- Innovation Base of Groundwater and Environmental Systems EngineeringChinese Research Academy of Environmental SciencesNo. 8, Dayangfang, Beiyuan Road, Chaoyang DistrictBeijing100012China
| | - Hongwei Pan
- North China University of Water Resources and Electric PowerZhengzhou450011China
| | - Beidou Xi
- Innovation Base of Groundwater and Environmental Systems EngineeringChinese Research Academy of Environmental SciencesNo. 8, Dayangfang, Beiyuan Road, Chaoyang DistrictBeijing100012China
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Esmaeilzadeh MJ, Rashidi A. Evaluation of the disintegration of linen fabric under composting conditions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:29070-29077. [PMID: 30109693 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2917-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, about 10% of the total wastes generated around the world were fabric wastes and, due to the large volume of these wastes, should be well managed. Among the various types of fabrics, some have greater biodegradability and can be decomposed at the acceptable rates under controlled conditions. In this study, the disintegration of linen fabric was investigated under composting conditions. During the composting process, temperature, moisture, and aeration were controlled. According to FTIR spectra of linen fabrics during the composting process, the disintegration of linen fibers was identified as the breakdown of carbonyl groups and hydrogen bonds of cellulosic chains. Regarding the SEM images of linen fabrics, the composting process in the first 45 days led to the breakdown of the fibers, and in the second 45 days of the process, most of the fibers were degraded. Since in the second 45 days of the process, the compost pile temperature is always between 39 and 44 °C and 65-70 °C, it can be concluded that the rate of microbial disintegration of the linen fabric is higher at these temperatures. At the end of the test, the disintegration value of the linen fabric was 55% and the weight loss due to organic matter conversion was 61%. The samples weight loss showed that linen fabric has high biodegradability under composting conditions. The germination index (GI) of the resulting compost was 73.88%, which indicates the produced compost is mature.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abbas Rashidi
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran.
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