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Christofidou ED, Tomazou M, Voutouri C, Michael C, Stylianopoulos T, Spyrou GM, Strati K. Oct4 is a gatekeeper of epithelial identity by regulating cytoskeletal organization in skin keratinocytes. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113859. [PMID: 38421873 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Oct4 is a pioneer transcription factor regulating pluripotency. However, it is not well known whether Oct4 has an impact on epidermal cells. We generated OCT4 knockout clonal cell lines using immortalized human skin keratinocytes to identify a functional role for the protein. Here, we report that Oct4-deficient cells transitioned into a mesenchymal-like phenotype with enlarged size and shape, exhibited accelerated migratory behavior, decreased adhesion, and appeared arrested at the G2/M cell cycle checkpoint. Oct4 absence had a profound impact on cortical actin organization, with loss of microfilaments from the cell membrane, increased puncta deposition in the cytoplasm, and stress fiber formation. E-cadherin, β-catenin, and ZO1 were almost absent from cell-cell contacts, while fibronectin deposition was markedly increased in the extracellular matrix (ECM). Mapping of the transcriptional and chromatin profiles of Oct4-deficient cells revealed that Oct4 controls the levels of cytoskeletal, ECM, and differentiation-related genes, whereas epithelial identity is preserved through transcriptional and non-transcriptional mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marios Tomazou
- Department of Bioinformatics, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia 2371, Cyprus
| | - Chrysovalantis Voutouri
- Cancer Biophysics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Cyprus, Nicosia 2109, Cyprus
| | - Christina Michael
- Cancer Biophysics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Cyprus, Nicosia 2109, Cyprus
| | - Triantafyllos Stylianopoulos
- Cancer Biophysics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Cyprus, Nicosia 2109, Cyprus
| | - George M Spyrou
- Department of Bioinformatics, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia 2371, Cyprus
| | - Katerina Strati
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cyprus, Nicosia 2109, Cyprus.
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2
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Camacho-Macorra C, Tabanera N, Sánchez-Bustamante E, Bovolenta P, Cardozo MJ. Maternal vgll4a regulates zebrafish epiboly through Yap1 activity. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1362695. [PMID: 38444829 PMCID: PMC10912589 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1362695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Gastrulation in zebrafish embryos commences with the morphogenetic rearrangement of blastodermal cells, which undergo a coordinated spreading from the animal pole to wrap around the egg at the vegetal pole. This rearrangement, known as epiboly, relies on the orchestrated activity of maternal transcripts present in the egg, compensating for the gradual activation of the zygotic genome. Epiboly involves the mechano-transducer activity of yap1 but what are the regulators of yap1 activity and whether these are maternally or zygotically derived remain elusive. Our study reveals the crucial role of maternal vgll4a, a proposed Yap1 competitor, during zebrafish epiboly. In embryos lacking maternal/zygotic vgll4a (MZvgll4a), the progression of epiboly and blastopore closure is delayed. This delay is associated with the ruffled appearance of the sliding epithelial cells, decreased expression of yap1-downstream targets and transient impairment of the actomyosin ring at the syncytial layer. Our study also shows that, rather than competing with yap1, vgll4a modulates the levels of the E-cadherin/β-catenin adhesion complex at the blastomeres' plasma membrane and hence their actin cortex distribution. Taking these results together, we propose that maternal vgll4a acts at epiboly initiation upstream of yap1 and the E-cadherin/β-catenin adhesion complex, contributing to a proper balance between tissue tension/cohesion and contractility, thereby promoting a timely epiboly progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Camacho-Macorra
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Noemí Tabanera
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Sánchez-Bustamante
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Paola Bovolenta
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marcos J Cardozo
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
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3
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Cheng JC, Miller AL, Webb SE. Actin-mediated endocytosis in the E-YSL helps drive epiboly in zebrafish. ZYGOTE 2023; 31:517-526. [PMID: 37533161 DOI: 10.1017/s0967199423000357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
In zebrafish, a punctate band of F-actin is reported to develop in the external yolk syncytial layer (E-YSL) during the latter part of epiboly in zebrafish embryos. Here, electron microscopy (EM) and fluorescence confocal microscopy were conducted to investigate dynamic changes in the E-YSL membrane during epiboly. Using scanning EM, we report that the surface of the E-YSL is highly convoluted, consisting of a complex interwoven network of branching membrane surface microvilli-like protrusions. The region of membrane surface protrusions was relatively wide at 30% epiboly but narrowed as epiboly progressed. This narrowing was coincident with the formation of the punctate actin band. We also demonstrated using immunogold transmission EM that actin clusters were localized at the membrane surface mainly within the protrusions as well as in deeper locations of the E-YSL. Furthermore, during the latter part of epiboly, the punctate actin band was coincident with a region of highly dynamic endocytosis. Treatment with cytochalasin B led to the disruption of the punctate actin band and the membrane surface protrusions, as well as the attenuation of endocytosis. Together, our data suggest that, in the E-YSL, the region encompassing the membrane surface protrusions and its associated punctate actin band are likely to be an integral part of the localized endocytosis, which is important for the progression of epiboly in zebrafish embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jackie C Cheng
- The Division of Life Science and Key State Laboratory for Molecular Neuroscience, HKUST, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Andrew L Miller
- The Division of Life Science and Key State Laboratory for Molecular Neuroscience, HKUST, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sarah E Webb
- The Division of Life Science and Key State Laboratory for Molecular Neuroscience, HKUST, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
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4
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Jeon AY, Cho JY, Park J, Kim WJ, Kim YO, Kong HJ, Kim JW. Molecular cytogenetic analysis of the olive flounder embryonic cell line FGBC8 and its applicability to biotechnology. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 142:109077. [PMID: 37726081 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.109077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
We explored the biotechnological applicability of a previously established olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) embryonic cell line (FGBC8). FGBC8 was transfected with pEGFP-c1 and pluripotency-related genes, then infected with viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV), and the expression of immune-related genes was observed through quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Transfected cells showed strong green fluorescence 48 h after transfection, and pluripotency-related genes were successfully transfected. In addition, FGBC8 cells were highly susceptible to VHSV and the expression of immune-related genes was induced during infection. Our results demonstrate that FGBC8 cells are valuable research tools for assessing host-pathogen interactions and biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- A-Young Jeon
- Biotechnology Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan, 46083, Republic of Korea
| | - Ja Young Cho
- Biotechnology Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan, 46083, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungwook Park
- Biotechnology Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan, 46083, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Jin Kim
- Biotechnology Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan, 46083, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Ok Kim
- Biotechnology Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan, 46083, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jeong Kong
- Biotechnology Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan, 46083, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Won Kim
- Biotechnology Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan, 46083, Republic of Korea.
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5
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Li JH, Trivedi V, Diz-Muñoz A. Understanding the interplay of membrane trafficking, cell surface mechanics, and stem cell differentiation. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2023; 133:123-134. [PMID: 35641408 PMCID: PMC9703995 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2022.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Stem cells can generate a diversity of cell types during development, regeneration and adult tissue homeostasis. Differentiation changes not only the cell fate in terms of gene expression but also the physical properties and functions of cells, e.g. the secretory activity, cell shape, or mechanics. Conversely, these activities and properties can also regulate differentiation itself. Membrane trafficking is known to modulate signal transduction and thus has the potential to control stem cell differentiation. On the other hand, membrane trafficking, particularly from and to the plasma membrane, depends on the mechanical properties of the cell surface such as tension within the plasma membrane or the cortex. Indeed, recent findings demonstrate that cell surface mechanics can also control cell fate. Here, we review the bidirectional relationships between these three fundamental cellular functions, i.e. membrane trafficking, cell surface mechanics, and stem cell differentiation. Furthermore, we discuss commonly used methods in each field and how combining them with new tools will enhance our understanding of their interplay. Understanding how membrane trafficking and cell surface mechanics can guide stem cell fate holds great potential as these concepts could be exploited for directed differentiation of stem cells for the fields of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Hui Li
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Meyerhofstraße 1, Heidelberg 69117, Germany
| | - Vikas Trivedi
- EMBL, PRBB, Dr. Aiguader, 88, Barcelona 08003, Spain,Developmental Biology Unit, EMBL, Meyerhofstraße 1, Heidelberg 69117, Germany
| | - Alba Diz-Muñoz
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Meyerhofstraße 1, Heidelberg 69117, Germany.
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6
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Concha ML, Reig G. Origin, form and function of extraembryonic structures in teleost fishes. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2022; 377:20210264. [PMID: 36252221 PMCID: PMC9574637 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2021.0264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Teleost eggs have evolved a highly derived early developmental pattern within vertebrates as a result of the meroblastic cleavage pattern, giving rise to a polar stratified architecture containing a large acellular yolk and a small cellular blastoderm on top. Besides the acellular yolk, the teleost-specific yolk syncytial layer (YSL) and the superficial epithelial enveloping layer are recognized as extraembryonic structures that play critical roles throughout embryonic development. They provide enriched microenvironments in which molecular feedback loops, cellular interactions and mechanical signals emerge to sculpt, among other things, embryonic patterning along the dorsoventral and left-right axes, mesendodermal specification and the execution of morphogenetic movements in the early embryo and during organogenesis. An emerging concept points to a critical role of extraembryonic structures in reinforcing early genetic and morphogenetic programmes in reciprocal coordination with the embryonic blastoderm, providing the necessary boundary conditions for development to proceed. In addition, the role of the enveloping cell layer in providing mechanical, osmotic and immunological protection during early stages of development, and the autonomous nutritional support provided by the yolk and YSL, have probably been key aspects that have enabled the massive radiation of teleosts to colonize every ecological niche on the Earth. This article is part of the theme issue 'Extraembryonic tissues: exploring concepts, definitions and functions across the animal kingdom'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel L. Concha
- Integrative Biology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute (BNI), Santiago 8380453, Chile
- Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and Metabolism (GERO), Santiago 7800003, Chile
| | - Germán Reig
- Escuela de Tecnología Médica y del Centro Integrativo de Biología y Química Aplicada (CIBQA), Universidad Bernardo O’Higgins, Santiago 7800003, Chile
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7
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Ethanol Effects on Early Developmental Stages Studied Using the Zebrafish. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10102555. [PMID: 36289818 PMCID: PMC9599251 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10102555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) results from prenatal ethanol exposure. The zebrafish (Danio rerio) is an outstanding in vivo FASD model. Early development produced the three germ layers and embryonic axes patterning. A critical pluripotency transcriptional gene circuit of sox2, pou5f1 (oct4; recently renamed pou5f3), and nanog maintain potency and self-renewal. Ethanol affects sox2 expression, which functions with pou5f1 to control target gene transcription. Various genes, like elf3, may interact and regulate sox2, and elf3 knockdown affects early development. Downstream of the pluripotency transcriptional circuit, developmental signaling activities regulate morphogenetic cell movements and lineage specification. These activities are also affected by ethanol exposure. Hedgehog signaling is a critical developmental signaling pathway that controls numerous developmental events, including neural axis specification. Sonic hedgehog activities are affected by embryonic ethanol exposure. Activation of sonic hedgehog expression is controlled by TGF-ß family members, Nodal and Bmp, during dorsoventral (DV) embryonic axis establishment. Ethanol may perturb TGF-ß family receptors and signaling activities, including the sonic hedgehog pathway. Significantly, experiments show that activation of sonic hedgehog signaling rescues some embryonic ethanol exposure effects. More research is needed to understand how ethanol affects early developmental signaling and morphogenesis.
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8
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Sukparangsi W, Morganti E, Lowndes M, Mayeur H, Weisser M, Hammachi F, Peradziryi H, Roske F, Hölzenspies J, Livigni A, Godard BG, Sugahara F, Kuratani S, Montoya G, Frankenberg SR, Mazan S, Brickman JM. Evolutionary origin of vertebrate OCT4/POU5 functions in supporting pluripotency. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5537. [PMID: 36130934 PMCID: PMC9492771 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32481-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The support of pluripotent cells over time is an essential feature of development. In eutherian embryos, pluripotency is maintained from naïve states in peri-implantation to primed pluripotency at gastrulation. To understand how these states emerged, we reconstruct the evolutionary trajectory of the Pou5 gene family, which contains the central pluripotency factor OCT4. By coupling evolutionary sequence analysis with functional studies in mouse embryonic stem cells, we find that the ability of POU5 proteins to support pluripotency originated in the gnathostome lineage, prior to the generation of two paralogues, Pou5f1 and Pou5f3 via gene duplication. In osteichthyans, retaining both genes, the paralogues differ in their support of naïve and primed pluripotency. The specialization of these duplicates enables the diversification of function in self-renewal and differentiation. By integrating sequence evolution, cell phenotypes, developmental contexts and structural modelling, we pinpoint OCT4 regions sufficient for naïve pluripotency and describe their adaptation over evolutionary time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woranop Sukparangsi
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine (reNEW), University of Copenhagen, 3B Blegdamsvej, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Burapha University, Chon Buri, Thailand
| | - Elena Morganti
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine (reNEW), University of Copenhagen, 3B Blegdamsvej, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Molly Lowndes
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine (reNEW), University of Copenhagen, 3B Blegdamsvej, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hélène Mayeur
- CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Biologie Intégrative des Organismes Marins, UMR7232, F-66650, Banyuls sur Mer, France
| | - Melanie Weisser
- Structural Molecular Biology Group, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, University of Copenhagen, 3B Blegdamsvej, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Fella Hammachi
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell Research, School of Biological Sciences, 5 Little France Drive, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Hanna Peradziryi
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine (reNEW), University of Copenhagen, 3B Blegdamsvej, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Fabian Roske
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine (reNEW), University of Copenhagen, 3B Blegdamsvej, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jurriaan Hölzenspies
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine (reNEW), University of Copenhagen, 3B Blegdamsvej, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alessandra Livigni
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell Research, School of Biological Sciences, 5 Little France Drive, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Benoit Gilbert Godard
- CNRS, Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris 06, FR2424, Development and Evolution of Vertebrates Group, Station Biologique, F-29688, Roscoff, France.,CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement de Villefranche, UMR7009, F-06234, Villefranche sur Mer, France
| | - Fumiaki Sugahara
- Division of Biology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Shigeru Kuratani
- Laboratory for Evolutionary Morphology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), Kobe, Japan
| | - Guillermo Montoya
- Structural Molecular Biology Group, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, University of Copenhagen, 3B Blegdamsvej, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Sylvie Mazan
- CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Biologie Intégrative des Organismes Marins, UMR7232, F-66650, Banyuls sur Mer, France.
| | - Joshua M Brickman
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine (reNEW), University of Copenhagen, 3B Blegdamsvej, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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9
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Abstract
POUV is a relatively newly emerged class of POU transcription factors present in jawed vertebrates (Gnathostomata). The function of POUV-class proteins is inextricably linked to zygotic genome activation (ZGA). A large body of evidence now extends the role of these proteins to subsequent developmental stages. While some functions resemble those of other POU-class proteins and are related to neuroectoderm development, others have emerged de novo. The most notable of the latter functions is pluripotency control by Oct4 in mammals. In this review, we focus on these de novo functions in the best-studied species harbouring POUV proteins-zebrafish, Xenopus (anamniotes) and mammals (amniotes). Despite the broad diversity of their biological functions in vertebrates, POUV proteins exert a common feature related to their role in safeguarding the undifferentiated state of cells. Here we summarize numerous pieces of evidence for these specific functions of the POUV-class proteins and recap available loss-of-function data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny I. Bakhmet
- Laboratory of the Molecular Biology of Stem Cells, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St Petersburg, Russia
| | - Alexey N. Tomilin
- Laboratory of the Molecular Biology of Stem Cells, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St Petersburg, Russia
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10
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Ko JM, Mousavi R, Lobo D. Computational Systems Biology of Morphogenesis. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2399:343-365. [PMID: 35604563 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1831-8_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Extracting mechanistic knowledge from the spatial and temporal phenotypes of morphogenesis is a current challenge due to the complexity of biological regulation and their feedback loops. Furthermore, these regulatory interactions are also linked to the biophysical forces that shape a developing tissue, creating complex interactions responsible for emergent patterns and forms. Here we show how a computational systems biology approach can aid in the understanding of morphogenesis from a mechanistic perspective. This methodology integrates the modeling of tissues and whole-embryos with dynamical systems, the reverse engineering of parameters or even whole equations with machine learning, and the generation of precise computational predictions that can be tested at the bench. To implement and perform the computational steps in the methodology, we present user-friendly tools, computer code, and guidelines. The principles of this methodology are general and can be adapted to other model organisms to extract mechanistic knowledge of their morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason M Ko
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Reza Mousavi
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Daniel Lobo
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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11
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Nakayama J, Tan L, Li Y, Goh BC, Wang S, Makinoshima H, Gong Z. A zebrafish embryo screen utilizing gastrulation identifies the HTR2C inhibitor pizotifen as a suppressor of EMT-mediated metastasis. eLife 2021; 10:e70151. [PMID: 34919051 PMCID: PMC8824480 DOI: 10.7554/elife.70151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is responsible for approximately 90% of cancer-associated mortality but few models exist that allow for rapid and effective screening of anti-metastasis drugs. Current mouse models of metastasis are too expensive and time consuming to use for rapid and high-throughput screening. Therefore, we created a unique screening concept utilizing conserved mechanisms between zebrafish gastrulation and cancer metastasis for identification of potential anti-metastatic drugs. We hypothesized that small chemicals that interrupt zebrafish gastrulation might also suppress metastatic progression of cancer cells and developed a phenotype-based chemical screen to test the hypothesis. The screen used epiboly, the first morphogenetic movement in gastrulation, as a marker and enabled 100 chemicals to be tested in 5 hr. The screen tested 1280 FDA-approved drugs and identified pizotifen, an antagonist for serotonin receptor 2C (HTR2C) as an epiboly-interrupting drug. Pharmacological and genetic inhibition of HTR2C suppressed metastatic progression in a mouse model. Blocking HTR2C with pizotifen restored epithelial properties to metastatic cells through inhibition of Wnt signaling. In contrast, HTR2C induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition through activation of Wnt signaling and promoted metastatic dissemination of human cancer cells in a zebrafish xenotransplantation model. Taken together, our concept offers a novel platform for discovery of anti-metastasis drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joji Nakayama
- Department of Biological Science, National University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- Tsuruoka Metabolomics Laboratory, National Cancer CenterTsuruokaJapan
- Shonai Regional Industry Promotion CenterTsuruokaJapan
| | - Lora Tan
- Department of Biological Science, National University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Biological Science, National University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Boon Cher Goh
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Shu Wang
- Department of Biological Science, National University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- Institute of Bioengineering and NanotechnologySingaporeSingapore
| | - Hideki Makinoshima
- Tsuruoka Metabolomics Laboratory, National Cancer CenterTsuruokaJapan
- Division of Translational Research, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer CenterKashiwaJapan
| | - Zhiyuan Gong
- Department of Biological Science, National University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
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12
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Li JT, Cheng XN, Zhang C, Shi DL, Shao M. The Adaptor Protein Lurap1 Is Required for Cell Cohesion during Epiboly Movement in Zebrafish. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10121337. [PMID: 34943252 PMCID: PMC8699034 DOI: 10.3390/biology10121337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Cell adhesion and active cell shape changes play an important role in morphogenetic movements during embryonic development. Zebrafish is an attractive model for the study of cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying these processes. Epiboly is a conserved gastrulation cell movement, which describes the thinning and spreading of an external sheet of cells to cover other groups of cells in the embryo. It involves differential cellular adhesive properties and dynamic cytoskeletal organization across the embryo, but how these are regulated remains elusive. We found that the adaptor protein Lurap1, which interacts with other proteins required for cell migration, plays a role in cell adhesion during epiboly. In zebrafish mutants with loss of Lurap1 function, there is a reduced cellular cohesion in the epithelial blastoderm cells and a delayed epiboly movement. Our observations suggest that Lurap1 is implicated in the regulation of cellular behavior changes for coordinated morphogenetic movements in vertebrate embryos. Abstract Cell adhesion and polarized cellular behaviors play critical roles in a wide variety of morphogenetic events. In the zebrafish embryo, epiboly represents an important process of epithelial morphogenesis that involves differential cell adhesion and dynamic cell shape changes for coordinated movements of different cell populations, but the underlying mechanism remains poorly understood. The adaptor protein Lurap1 functions to link myotonic dystrophy kinase-related Rac/Cdc42-binding kinase with MYO18A for actomyosin retrograde flow in cell migration. We previously reported that it interacts with Dishevelled in convergence and extension movements during gastrulation. Here, we show that it regulates blastoderm cell adhesion and radial cell intercalation during epiboly. In zebrafish mutant embryos with loss of both maternal and zygotic Lurap1 function, deep cell multilayer of the blastoderm exhibit delayed epiboly with respect to the superficial layer. Time-lapse imaging reveals that these deep cells undergo unstable intercalation, which impedes their expansion over the yolk cell. Cell sorting and adhesion assays indicate reduced cellular cohesion of the blastoderm. These defects are correlated with disrupted cytoskeletal organization in the cortex of blastoderm cells. Thus, the present results extend our previous works by demonstrating that Lurap1 is required for cell adhesion and cell behavior changes to coordinate cell movements during epithelial morphogenesis. They provide insights for a further understanding of the regulation of cytoskeletal organization during gastrulation cell movements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Tong Li
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; (J.-T.L.); (C.Z.)
| | - Xiao-Ning Cheng
- Laboratory of Zebrafish Model for Development and Disease, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China;
| | - Chong Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; (J.-T.L.); (C.Z.)
| | - De-Li Shi
- Laboratory of Zebrafish Model for Development and Disease, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China;
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology, CNRS-UMR7622, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, Sorbonne University, 75005 Paris, France
- Correspondence: (D.-L.S.); (M.S.)
| | - Ming Shao
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; (J.-T.L.); (C.Z.)
- Correspondence: (D.-L.S.); (M.S.)
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13
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Sheikh MA, Emerald BS, Ansari SA. Stem cell fate determination through protein O-GlcNAcylation. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100035. [PMID: 33154167 PMCID: PMC7948975 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.rev120.014915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Embryonic and adult stem cells possess the capability of self-renewal and lineage-specific differentiation. The intricate balance between self-renewal and differentiation is governed by developmental signals and cell-type-specific gene regulatory mechanisms. A perturbed intra/extracellular environment during lineage specification could affect stem cell fate decisions resulting in pathology. Growing evidence demonstrates that metabolic pathways govern epigenetic regulation of gene expression during stem cell fate commitment through the utilization of metabolic intermediates or end products of metabolic pathways as substrates for enzymatic histone/DNA modifications. UDP-GlcNAc is one such metabolite that acts as a substrate for enzymatic mono-glycosylation of various nuclear, cytosolic, and mitochondrial proteins on serine/threonine amino acid residues, a process termed protein O-GlcNAcylation. The levels of GlcNAc inside the cells depend on the nutrient availability, especially glucose. Thus, this metabolic sensor could modulate gene expression through O-GlcNAc modification of histones or other proteins in response to metabolic fluctuations. Herein, we review evidence demonstrating how stem cells couple metabolic inputs to gene regulatory pathways through O-GlcNAc-mediated epigenetic/transcriptional regulatory mechanisms to govern self-renewal and lineage-specific differentiation programs. This review will serve as a primer for researchers seeking to better understand how O-GlcNAc influences stemness and may catalyze the discovery of new stem-cell-based therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Abid Sheikh
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Bright Starling Emerald
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, UAE; Zayed Center for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Suraiya Anjum Ansari
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, UAE; Zayed Center for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, UAE.
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14
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Kottmann JS, Jørgensen MGP, Bertolini F, Loh A, Tomkiewicz J. Differential impacts of carp and salmon pituitary extracts on induced oogenesis, egg quality, molecular ontogeny and embryonic developmental competence in European eel. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0235617. [PMID: 32634160 PMCID: PMC7340298 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0235617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Low egg quality and embryonic survival are critical challenges in aquaculture, where assisted reproduction procedures and other factors may impact egg quality. This includes European eel (Anguilla anguilla), where pituitary extract from carp (CPE) or salmon (SPE) is applied to override a dopaminergic inhibition of the neuroendocrine system, preventing gonadotropin secretion and gonadal development. The present study used either CPE or SPE to induce vitellogenesis in female European eel and compared impacts on egg quality and offspring developmental competence with emphasis on the maternal-to-zygotic transition (MZT). Females treated with SPE produced significantly higher proportions of floating eggs with fewer cleavage abnormalities and higher embryonic survival. These findings related successful embryogenesis to higher abundance of mRNA transcripts of genes involved in cell adhesion, activation of MZT, and immune response (dcbld1, epcam, oct4, igm) throughout embryonic development. The abundance of mRNA transcripts of cldnd, foxr1, cea, ccna1, ccnb1, ccnb2, zar1, oct4, and npm2 was relatively stable during the first eight hours, followed by a drop during MZT and low levels thereafter, indicating transfer and subsequent clearance of maternal mRNA. mRNA abundance of zar1, epcam, and dicer1 was associated with cleavage abnormalities, while mRNA abundance of zar1, sox2, foxr1, cldnd, phb2, neurod4, and neurog1 (before MZT) was associated with subsequent embryonic survival. In a second pattern, low initial mRNA abundance with an increase during MZT and higher levels persisting thereafter indicating the activation of zygotic transcription. mRNA abundance of ccna1, npm2, oct4, neurod4, and neurog1 during later embryonic development was associated with hatch success. A deviating pattern was observed for dcbld1, which mRNA levels followed the maternal-effect gene pattern but only for embryos from SPE treated females. Together, the differences in offspring production and performance reported in this study show that PE composition impacts egg quality and embryogenesis and in particular, the transition from initial maternal transcripts to zygotic transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna S. Kottmann
- National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Francesca Bertolini
- National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Adrian Loh
- School of Science, University of Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, Kent, United Kingdom
| | - Jonna Tomkiewicz
- National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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15
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Banote RK, Chebli J, Şatır TM, Varshney GK, Camacho R, Ledin J, Burgess SM, Abramsson A, Zetterberg H. Amyloid precursor protein-b facilitates cell adhesion during early development in zebrafish. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10127. [PMID: 32576936 PMCID: PMC7311384 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66584-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the biological function of amyloid beta (Aβ) precursor protein (APP) beyond its role in Alzheimer's disease is emerging. Yet, its function during embryonic development is poorly understood. The zebrafish APP orthologue, Appb, is strongly expressed during early development but thus far has only been studied via morpholino-mediated knockdown. Zebrafish enables analysis of cellular processes in an ontogenic context, which is limited in many other vertebrates. We characterized zebrafish carrying a homozygous mutation that introduces a premature stop in exon 2 of the appb gene. We report that appb mutants are significantly smaller until 2 dpf and display perturbed enveloping layer (EVL) integrity and cell protrusions at the blastula stage. Moreover, appb mutants surviving beyond 48 hpf exhibited no behavioral defects at 6 dpf and developed into healthy and fertile adults. The expression of the app family member, appa, was also found to be altered in appb mutants. Taken together, we show that appb is involved in the initial development of zebrafish by supporting the integrity of the EVL, likely by mediating cell adhesion properties. The loss of Appb might then be compensated for by other app family members to maintain normal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Kumar Banote
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, S-41345, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Cellectricon AB, Neongatan 4B, SE-431 53, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Jasmine Chebli
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, S-41345, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Tuğçe Munise Şatır
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, S-41345, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Gaurav K Varshney
- Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA.,Genes & Human Disease Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Rafael Camacho
- Centre for Cellular Imaging, Core Facilities, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Johan Ledin
- Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA.,Department of Organismal Biology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Shawn M Burgess
- Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA
| | - Alexandra Abramsson
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, S-41345, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, S-41345, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden.,Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, WC1N3BG, United Kingdom.,UK Dementia Research Institute, London, WC1N3BG, United Kingdom
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16
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Sun B, Gui L, Liu R, Hong Y, Li M. Medaka oct4 is essential for gastrulation, central nervous system development and angiogenesis. Gene 2020; 733:144270. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.144270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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17
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Ko JM, Lobo D. Continuous Dynamic Modeling of Regulated Cell Adhesion: Sorting, Intercalation, and Involution. Biophys J 2019; 117:2166-2179. [PMID: 31732144 PMCID: PMC6895740 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2019.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-cell adhesion is essential for tissue growth and multicellular pattern formation and crucial for the cellular dynamics during embryogenesis and cancer progression. Understanding the dynamical gene regulation of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) responsible for the emerging spatial tissue behaviors is a current challenge because of the complexity of these nonlinear interactions and feedback loops at different levels of abstraction-from genetic regulation to whole-organism shape formation. To extend our understanding of cell and tissue behaviors due to the regulation of adhesion molecules, here we present a novel, to our knowledge, model for the spatial dynamics of cellular patterning, growth, and shape formation due to the differential expression of CAMs and their regulation. Capturing the dynamic interplay between genetic regulation, CAM expression, and differential cell adhesion, the proposed continuous model can explain the complex and emergent spatial behaviors of cell populations that change their adhesion properties dynamically because of inter- and intracellular genetic regulation. This approach can demonstrate the mechanisms responsible for classical cell-sorting behaviors, cell intercalation in proliferating populations, and the involution of germ layer cells induced by a diffusing morphogen during gastrulation. The model makes predictions on the physical parameters controlling the amplitude and wavelength of a cellular intercalation interface, as well as the crucial role of N-cadherin regulation for the involution and migration of cells beyond the gradient of the morphogen Nodal during zebrafish gastrulation. Integrating the emergent spatial tissue behaviors with the regulation of genes responsible for essential cellular properties such as adhesion will pave the way toward understanding the genetic regulation of large-scale complex patterns and shapes formation in developmental, regenerative, and cancer biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason M Ko
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Daniel Lobo
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland; Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland.
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18
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Abstract
Soon after fertilization the zebrafish embryo generates the pool of cells that will give rise to the germline and the three somatic germ layers of the embryo (ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm). As the basic body plan of the vertebrate embryo emerges, evolutionarily conserved developmental signaling pathways, including Bmp, Nodal, Wnt, and Fgf, direct the nearly totipotent cells of the early embryo to adopt gene expression profiles and patterns of cell behavior specific to their eventual fates. Several decades of molecular genetics research in zebrafish has yielded significant insight into the maternal and zygotic contributions and mechanisms that pattern this vertebrate embryo. This new understanding is the product of advances in genetic manipulations and imaging technologies that have allowed the field to probe the cellular, molecular and biophysical aspects underlying early patterning. The current state of the field indicates that patterning is governed by the integration of key signaling pathways and physical interactions between cells, rather than a patterning system in which distinct pathways are deployed to specify a particular cell fate. This chapter focuses on recent advances in our understanding of the genetic and molecular control of the events that impart cell identity and initiate the patterning of tissues that are prerequisites for or concurrent with movements of gastrulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence L Marlow
- Icahn School of Medicine Mount Sinai Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, New York, NY, United States.
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19
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Abstract
Epiboly is a conserved gastrulation movement describing the thinning and spreading of a sheet or multi-layer of cells. The zebrafish embryo has emerged as a vital model system to address the cellular and molecular mechanisms that drive epiboly. In the zebrafish embryo, the blastoderm, consisting of a simple squamous epithelium (the enveloping layer) and an underlying mass of deep cells, as well as a yolk nuclear syncytium (the yolk syncytial layer) undergo epiboly to internalize the yolk cell during gastrulation. The major events during zebrafish epiboly are: expansion of the enveloping layer and the internal yolk syncytial layer, reduction and removal of the yolk membrane ahead of the advancing blastoderm margin and deep cell rearrangements between the enveloping layer and yolk syncytial layer to thin the blastoderm. Here, work addressing the cellular and molecular mechanisms as well as the sources of the mechanical forces that underlie these events is reviewed. The contribution of recent findings to the current model of epiboly as well as open questions and future prospects are also discussed.
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20
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Rutherford NE, Wong AH, Bruce AEE. Spatiotemporal characterization of dynamic epithelial filopodia during zebrafish epiboly. Dev Dyn 2019; 248:997-1008. [PMID: 31390119 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Revised: 06/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND During zebrafish epiboly, the embryonic cell mass, or blastoderm, spreads to enclose the yolk cell. The blastoderm consists of an outer epithelial sheet, the enveloping layer (EVL), and the underlying deep cell layer (DEL). Studies have provided insights into the mechanisms of EVL and deep cell epiboly, but little is known about the interactions between the two cell layers and what role they may play during epiboly. RESULTS We used live imaging to examine EVL basal protrusions. We identified them as filopodia based on f-actin content and localization of fluorescently tagged filopodial markers. A spatiotemporal analysis revealed that the largest number of EVL filopodia were present during early epiboly at the animal pole. In functional studies, expression of a constitutively active actin-bundling protein resulted in increased filopodial length and delayed gastrulation. CONCLUSIONS We identified protrusions on the basal surface of EVL cells as filopodia and showed that they are present throughout the EVL during epiboly. The largest number of filopodia was at the animal pole during early epiboly, which is when and where deep cell radial intercalations occur to the greatest extent. These findings suggest that EVL filopodia may function during epiboly to promote deep cell rearrangements during epiboly initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan E Rutherford
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario
| | - Alexander H Wong
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario
| | - Ashley E E Bruce
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario
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21
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Abstract
Following fertilization, the two specified gametes must unite to create an entirely new organism. The genome is initially transcriptionally quiescent, allowing the zygote to be reprogrammed into a totipotent state. Gradually, the genome is activated through a process known as the maternal-to-zygotic transition, which enables zygotic gene products to replace the maternal supply that initiated development. This essential transition has been broadly characterized through decades of research in several model organisms. However, we still lack a full mechanistic understanding of how genome activation is executed and how this activation relates to the reprogramming of the zygotic chromatin architecture. Recent work highlights the central role of transcriptional activators and suggests that these factors may coordinate transcriptional activation with other developmental changes.
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22
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Regulation of Translationally Repressed mRNAs in Zebrafish and Mouse Oocytes. Results Probl Cell Differ 2019; 63:297-324. [PMID: 28779323 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-60855-6_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
From the beginning of oogenesis, oocytes accumulate tens of thousands of mRNAs for promoting oocyte growth and development. A large number of these mRNAs are translationally repressed and localized within the oocyte cytoplasm. Translational activation of these dormant mRNAs at specific sites and timings plays central roles in driving progression of the meiotic cell cycle, axis formation, mitotic cleavages, transcriptional initiation, and morphogenesis. Regulation of the localization and temporal translation of these mRNAs has been shown to rely on cis-acting elements in the mRNAs and trans-acting factors recognizing and binding to the elements. Recently, using model vertebrate zebrafish, localization itself and formation of physiological structures such as RNA granules have been shown to coordinate the accurate timings of translational activation of dormant mRNAs. This subcellular regulation of mRNAs is also utilized in other animals including mouse. In this chapter, we review fundamental roles of temporal regulation of mRNA translation in oogenesis and early development and then focus on the mechanisms of mRNA regulation in the oocyte cytoplasm by which the activation of dormant mRNAs at specific timings is achieved.
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23
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Mendieta-Serrano MA, Mendez-Cruz FJ, Antúnez-Mojica M, Schnabel D, Alvarez L, Cárdenas L, Lomelí H, Ruiz-Santiesteban JA, Salas-Vidal E. NADPH-Oxidase-derived reactive oxygen species are required for cytoskeletal organization, proper localization of E-cadherin and cell motility during zebrafish epiboly. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 130:82-98. [PMID: 30342187 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.10.416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cell movements are essential for morphogenesis during animal development. Epiboly is the first morphogenetic process in zebrafish in which cells move en masse to thin and spread the deep and enveloping cell layers of the blastoderm over the yolk cell. While epiboly has been shown to be controlled by complex molecular networks, the contribution of reactive oxygen species (ROS) to this process has not previously been studied. Here, we show that ROS are required for epiboly in zebrafish. Visualization of ROS in whole embryos revealed dynamic patterns during epiboly progression. Significantly, inhibition of NADPH oxidase activity leads to a decrease in ROS formation, delays epiboly, alters E-cadherin and cytoskeleton patterns and, by 24 h post-fertilization, decreases embryo survival, effects that are rescued by hydrogen peroxide treatment. Our findings suggest that a delicate ROS balance is required during early development and that disruption of that balance interferes with cell adhesion, leading to defective cell motility and epiboly progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mayra Antúnez-Mojica
- Centro de Investigaciones Químicas-IICBA, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Avenida Universidad #2001, Colonia Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos C.P. 62209, Mexico
| | - Denhi Schnabel
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Mexico
| | - Laura Alvarez
- Centro de Investigaciones Químicas-IICBA, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Avenida Universidad #2001, Colonia Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos C.P. 62209, Mexico
| | - Luis Cárdenas
- Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad #2001, Colonia Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos C.P. 62210, Mexico
| | - Hilda Lomelí
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Mexico
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24
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Zhang W, Zhang Y, Li S, Wu Z, Yan Y, Li Y. Prmt7 regulates epiboly and gastrulation cell movements by facilitating syntenin. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2018; 50:1280-1287. [PMID: 30383201 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmy136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Epiboly spreads and thins the blastoderm over the yolk cell during zebrafish gastrulation. Despite of its fundamental function, little is known about the molecular mechanisms that control this coordinated cell movement. In this study, we investigated protein arginine methyltransferase 7 (Prmt7) morphants with an epibolic delay defect in zebrafish. The ratio of morphants with epiboly delay phenotypes increased as the dose of the injected morpholino (MO) increased. Here, syntenin transcripts are maternally deposited and ubiquitously expressed from the oocyte period to the early larva stage. Furthermore, we demonstrated that Prmt7 modulates epibolic movements of the enveloping layer by regulating F-actin organization. These defects can be partially rescued by re-expression of Prmt7 or syntenin protein. Analysis of the earliest cellular defects suggested a role of Prmt7 in the autonomous vegetal expansion of the yolk syncytial layer and the rearrangement of the actin cytoskeleton in extra-embryonic tissues. By a combination of knockdown studies and rescue experiments in zebrafish, we showed that epiboly relies on the molecular networking of Prmt7 by facilitating syntenin, which acts as a regulator for cytoskeleton. This study identifies the important function of the Prmt7 for the progression of zebrafish epiboly and establishes its key role in directional cell movements during early development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuwen Zhang
- Department of Reproductive Center, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunbin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Andrology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Shifeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Andrology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhili Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Andrology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanchang Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Andrology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Andrology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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25
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Félix LM, Luzio A, Themudo M, Antunes L, Matos M, Coimbra AM, Valentim AM. MS-222 short exposure induces developmental and behavioural alterations in zebrafish embryos. Reprod Toxicol 2018; 81:122-131. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2018.07.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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26
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Kim JW, Oh BG, Kim J, Kim DG, Nam BH, Kim YO, Park JY, Cheong J, Kong HJ. Development and Characterization of a New Cell Line from Olive Flounder Paralichthys olivaceus. Dev Reprod 2018; 22:225-234. [PMID: 30324159 PMCID: PMC6182235 DOI: 10.12717/dr.2018.22.3.225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A new embryonic cell line (OFEC-17FEN) derived from olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus was developed. OFEC-17FEN cells were subcultured for <30 passages over ~200 days. OFEC-17FEN cells had a doubling time of 114.34 h and modal diploid chromosome number was 48. The pluripotency genes POU5f1 and NANOG were expressed in OFEC-17FEN cells. However, the lack of several pluripotency-related genes expression indicates that OFEC-17FEN cells are not stem cells. OFEC-17FEN cells transfected with plasmid pEGFP-c1 exhibited a strong green fluorescent signal at 48 h after transfection. Accordingly, OFEC-17FEN cells may be useful for both basic research and biotechnological application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Won Kim
- Biotechnology Research Division, National
Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan 46083,
Korea
| | - Bang Geun Oh
- Biotechnology Research Division, National
Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan 46083,
Korea
| | - Julan Kim
- Biotechnology Research Division, National
Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan 46083,
Korea
| | - Dong-Gyun Kim
- Biotechnology Research Division, National
Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan 46083,
Korea
| | - Bo-Hye Nam
- Biotechnology Research Division, National
Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan 46083,
Korea
| | - Young-Ok Kim
- Biotechnology Research Division, National
Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan 46083,
Korea
| | - Jung Youn Park
- Biotechnology Research Division, National
Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan 46083,
Korea
| | - JaeHun Cheong
- Dept. of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan
National University, Busan 43241,
Korea
| | - Hee Jeong Kong
- Biotechnology Research Division, National
Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan 46083,
Korea
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27
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Constable S, Lim JM, Vaidyanathan K, Wells L. O-GlcNAc transferase regulates transcriptional activity of human Oct4. Glycobiology 2018; 27:927-937. [PMID: 28922739 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwx055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is a single sugar modification found on many different classes of nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins. Addition of this modification, by the enzyme O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT), is dynamic and inducible. One major class of proteins modified by O-GlcNAc is transcription factors. O-GlcNAc regulates transcription factor properties through a variety of different mechanisms including localization, stability and transcriptional activation. Maintenance of embryonic stem (ES) cell pluripotency requires tight regulation of several key transcription factors, many of which are modified by O-GlcNAc. Octamer-binding protein 4 (Oct4) is one of the key transcription factors required for pluripotency of ES cells and more recently, the generation of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells. The action of Oct4 is modulated by the addition of several post-translational modifications, including O-GlcNAc. Previous studies in mice found a single site of O-GlcNAc addition responsible for transcriptional regulation. This study was designed to determine if this mechanism is conserved in humans. We mapped 10 novel sites of O-GlcNAc attachment on human Oct4, and confirmed a role for OGT in transcriptional activation of Oct4 at a site distinct from that found in mouse that allows distinction between different Oct4 target promoters. Additionally, we uncovered a potential new role for OGT that does not include its catalytic function. These results confirm that human Oct4 activity is being regulated by OGT by a mechanism that is distinct from mouse Oct4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandii Constable
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Jae-Min Lim
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon, Gyeongnam 641-773, South Korea
| | - Krithika Vaidyanathan
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Lance Wells
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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28
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Eckerle S, Ringler M, Lecaudey V, Nitschke R, Driever W. Progesterone modulates microtubule dynamics and epiboly progression during zebrafish gastrulation. Dev Biol 2018; 434:249-266. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2017.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/23/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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29
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Veil M, Schaechtle MA, Gao M, Kirner V, Buryanova L, Grethen R, Onichtchouk D. Maternal Nanog is required for zebrafish embryo architecture and for cell viability during gastrulation. Development 2018; 145:dev.155366. [PMID: 29180568 DOI: 10.1242/dev.155366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Nanog has been implicated in establishment of pluripotency in mammals and in zygotic genome activation in zebrafish. In this study, we characterize the development of MZnanog (maternal and zygotic null) mutant zebrafish embryos. Without functional Nanog, epiboly is severely affected, embryo axes do not form and massive cell death starts at the end of gastrulation. We show that three independent defects in MZnanog mutants contribute to epiboly failure: yolk microtubule organization required for epiboly is abnormal, maternal mRNA fails to degrade owing to the absence of miR-430, and actin structure of the yolk syncytial layer does not form properly. We further demonstrate that the cell death in MZnanog embryos is cell-autonomous. Nanog is necessary for correct spatial expression of the ventral-specifying genes bmp2b, vox and vent, and the neural transcription factor her3 It is also required for the correctly timed activation of endoderm genes and for the degradation of maternal eomesa mRNA via miR-430. Our findings suggest that maternal Nanog coordinates several gene regulatory networks that shape the embryo during gastrulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Veil
- Developmental Biology, Institute Biology I, Faculty of Biology, Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Melanie Anna Schaechtle
- Developmental Biology, Institute Biology I, Faculty of Biology, Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.,BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Meijiang Gao
- Developmental Biology, Institute Biology I, Faculty of Biology, Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.,BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Viola Kirner
- Developmental Biology, Institute Biology I, Faculty of Biology, Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Lenka Buryanova
- Developmental Biology, Institute Biology I, Faculty of Biology, Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Rachel Grethen
- Developmental Biology, Institute Biology I, Faculty of Biology, Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Daria Onichtchouk
- Developmental Biology, Institute Biology I, Faculty of Biology, Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany .,BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.,Institute of Developmental Biology RAS, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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30
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Sun Q, Liu X, Gong B, Wu D, Meng A, Jia S. Alkbh4 and Atrn Act Maternally to Regulate Zebrafish Epiboly. Int J Biol Sci 2017; 13:1051-1066. [PMID: 28924386 PMCID: PMC5599910 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.19203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
During embryonic gastrulation, coordinated cell movements occur to bring cells to their correct position. Among them, epiboly produces the first distinct morphological changes, which is essential for the early development of zebrafish. Despite its fundamental importance, little is known to understand the underlying molecular mechanisms. By generating maternal mutant lines with CRISPR/Cas9 technology and using morpholino knockdown strategy, we showed that maternal Alkbh4 depletion leads to severe epiboly defects in zebrafish. Immunofluorescence assays revealed that Alkbh4 promotes zebrafish embryonic epiboly through regulating actomyosin contractile ring formation, which is composed of Actin and non-muscular myosin II (NMII). To further investigate this process, yeast two hybridization assay was performed and Atrn was identified as a binding partner of Alkbh4. Combining with the functional results of Alkbh4, we found that maternal Atrn plays a similar role in zebrafish embryonic morphogenesis by regulating actomyosin formation. On the molecular level, our data revealed that Atrn prefers to interact with the active form of Alkbh4 and functions together with it to regulate the demethylation of Actin, the actomyosin formation, and subsequently the embryonic epiboly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingrui Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xingfeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Bo Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Di Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Anming Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shunji Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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31
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Li YL, Shao M, Shi DL. Rac1 signalling coordinates epiboly movement by differential regulation of actin cytoskeleton in zebrafish. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 490:1059-1065. [PMID: 28668387 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.06.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Dynamic cytoskeleton organization is essential for polarized cell behaviours in a wide variety of morphogenetic events. In zebrafish, epiboly involves coordinated cell shape changes and expansion of cell layers to close the blastopore, but many important regulatory aspects are still unclear. Especially, the spatio-temporal regulation and function of actin structures remain to be determined for a better understanding of the mechanisms that coordinate epiboly movement. Here we show that Rac1 signalling, likely functions downstream of phosphatiditylinositol-3 kinase, is required for F-actin organization during epiboly progression in zebtafish. Using a dominant negative mutant of Rac1 and specific inhibitors to block the activation of this pathway, we find that marginal contractile actin ring is sensitive to inhibition of Rac1 signalling. In particular, we identify a novel function for this actin structure in retaining the external yolk syncytial nuclei within the margin of enveloping layer for coordinated movement toward the vegetal pole. Furthermore, we find that F-actin bundles, progressively formed in the vegetal cortex of the yolk cell, act in concert with marginal actin ring and play an active role in pulling external yolk syncytial nuclei toward the vegetal pole direction. This study uncovers novel roles of different actin structures in orchestrating epiboly movement. It helps to provide insight into the mechanisms regulating cellular polarization during early development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Long Li
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, 27, Shanda Nan Road, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Ming Shao
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, 27, Shanda Nan Road, Jinan 250100, China
| | - De-Li Shi
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, 27, Shanda Nan Road, Jinan 250100, China; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS UMR7622, IBPS-Developmental Biology Laboratory, 75005 Paris, France.
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32
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Evolution and functions of Oct4 homologs in non-mammalian vertebrates. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2016; 1859:770-9. [PMID: 27058398 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2016.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PouV class transcription factor Oct4/Pou5f1 is a central regulator of indefinite pluripotency in mammalian embryonic stem cells (ESCs) but also participates in cell lineage specification in mouse embryos and in differentiating cell cultures. The molecular basis for this versatility, which is shared between Oct4 and its non-mammalian homologs Pou5f1 and Pou5f3, is not yet completely understood. Here, I review the current understanding of the evolution of PouV class transcription factors and discuss equivalent and diverse roles of Oct4 homologs in pluripotency, differentiation, and cell behavior in different vertebrate embryos. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: The Oct Transcription Factor Family, edited by Dr. Dean Tantin.
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33
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Langdon YG, Fuentes R, Zhang H, Abrams EW, Marlow FL, Mullins MC. Split top: a maternal cathepsin B that regulates dorsoventral patterning and morphogenesis. Development 2016; 143:1016-28. [PMID: 26893345 PMCID: PMC4813285 DOI: 10.1242/dev.128900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The vertebrate embryonic dorsoventral axis is established and patterned by Wnt and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling pathways, respectively. Whereas Wnt signaling establishes the dorsal side of the embryo and induces the dorsal organizer, a BMP signaling gradient patterns tissues along the dorsoventral axis. Early Wnt signaling is provided maternally, whereas BMP ligand expression in the zebrafish is zygotic, but regulated by maternal factors. Concomitant with BMP activity patterning dorsoventral axial tissues, the embryo also undergoes dramatic morphogenetic processes, including the cell movements of gastrulation, epiboly and dorsal convergence. Although the zygotic regulation of these cell migration processes is increasingly understood, far less is known of the maternal regulators of these processes. Similarly, the maternal regulation of dorsoventral patterning, and in particular the maternal control of ventral tissue specification, is poorly understood. We identified split top, a recessive maternal-effect zebrafish mutant that disrupts embryonic patterning upstream of endogenous BMP signaling. Embryos from split top mutant females exhibit a dorsalized embryonic axis, which can be rescued by BMP misexpression or by derepressing endogenous BMP signaling. In addition to dorsoventral patterning defects, split top mutants display morphogenesis defects that are both BMP dependent and independent. These morphogenesis defects include incomplete dorsal convergence, delayed epiboly progression and an early lysis phenotype during gastrula stages. The latter two morphogenesis defects are associated with disruption of the actin and microtubule cytoskeleton within the yolk cell and defects in the outer enveloping cell layer, which are both known mediators of epiboly movements. Through chromosomal mapping and RNA sequencing analysis, we identified the lysosomal endopeptidase cathepsin Ba (ctsba) as the gene deficient in split top embryos. Our results identify a novel role for Ctsba in morphogenesis and expand our understanding of the maternal regulation of dorsoventral patterning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvette G Langdon
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, 421 Curie Blvd., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA Millsaps College, Department of Biology, Jackson, MS 39210, USA
| | - Ricardo Fuentes
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, 421 Curie Blvd., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Hong Zhang
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, 421 Curie Blvd., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Elliott W Abrams
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, 421 Curie Blvd., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Florence L Marlow
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, 421 Curie Blvd., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Mary C Mullins
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, 421 Curie Blvd., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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34
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Onichtchouk D, Driever W. Zygotic Genome Activators, Developmental Timing, and Pluripotency. Curr Top Dev Biol 2016; 116:273-97. [PMID: 26970624 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2015.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The transcription factors Pou5f1, Sox2, and Nanog are central regulators of pluripotency in mammalian ES and iPS cells. In vertebrate embryos, Pou5f1/3, SoxB1, and Nanog control zygotic genome activation and participate in lineage decisions. We review the current knowledge of the roles of these genes in developing vertebrate embryos from fish to mammals and suggest a model for pluripotency gene regulatory network functions in early development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Onichtchouk
- Developmental Biology Unit, Institute Biology I, Faculty of Biology, and Center for Biological Signaling Studies (BIOSS), Albert-Ludwigs-University, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Wolfgang Driever
- Developmental Biology Unit, Institute Biology I, Faculty of Biology, and Center for Biological Signaling Studies (BIOSS), Albert-Ludwigs-University, Freiburg, Germany.
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35
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Liu R, Li M, Li Z, Hong N, Xu H, Hong Y. Medaka Oct4 is essential for pluripotency in blastula formation and ES cell derivation. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2015; 11:11-23. [PMID: 25142379 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-014-9523-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The origin and evolution of molecular mechanisms underlying cellular pluripotency is a fundamental question in stem cell biology. The transcription factor Oct4 or Pou5f1 identified in mouse features pluripotency expression and activity in the inner cell mass and embryonic stem (ES) cells. Pou2 identified in zebrafish is the non-mammalian homolog prototype of mouse Oct4. The genes oct4 and pou2 have reportedly evolved by pou5 gene duplication in the common ancestor of vertebrates. Unlike mouse oct4, however, zebrafish pou2 lacks pluripotency expression and activity. Whether the presence of pluripotency expression and activity is specific for mammalian Oct4 or common to the ancestor of vertebrate Oct4 and Pou2 proteins has remained to be determined. Here we report that Oloct4, the medaka oct4/pou2, is essential for early embryogenesis and pluripotency maintenance. Oloct4 exists as a single copy gene and is orthologous to pou2 by sequence and chromosome synteny. Oloct4 expression occurs in early embryos, germ stem cells and ES cells like mouse oct4 but also in the brain and tail bud like zebrafish pou2. Importantly, OlOct4 depletion caused blastula lethality or blockage. We show that Oloct4 depletion abolishes ES cell derivation from midblastula embryos. Thus, Oloct4 has pluripotency expression and is essential for early embryogenesis and pluripotency maintenance. Our results demonstrate the conservation of pluripotency expression and activity in vertebrate Oct4 and Pou2 proteins. The finding that Oloct4 combines the features of mouse oct4 and zebrafish pou2 in expression and function suggests that Oloct4 might represent the ancestral prototype of vertebrate oct4 and pou2 genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Liu
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
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36
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Bruce AE. Zebrafish epiboly: Spreading thin over the yolk. Dev Dyn 2015; 245:244-58. [DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2015] [Revised: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ashley E.E. Bruce
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology; University of Toronto; Toronto ON Canada
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37
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Li-Villarreal N, Forbes MM, Loza AJ, Chen J, Ma T, Helde K, Moens CB, Shin J, Sawada A, Hindes AE, Dubrulle J, Schier AF, Longmore GD, Marlow FL, Solnica-Krezel L. Dachsous1b cadherin regulates actin and microtubule cytoskeleton during early zebrafish embryogenesis. Development 2015; 142:2704-18. [PMID: 26160902 DOI: 10.1242/dev.119800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Dachsous (Dchs), an atypical cadherin, is an evolutionarily conserved regulator of planar cell polarity, tissue size and cell adhesion. In humans, DCHS1 mutations cause pleiotropic Van Maldergem syndrome. Here, we report that mutations in zebrafish dchs1b and dchs2 disrupt several aspects of embryogenesis, including gastrulation. Unexpectedly, maternal zygotic (MZ) dchs1b mutants show defects in the earliest developmental stage, egg activation, including abnormal cortical granule exocytosis (CGE), cytoplasmic segregation, cleavages and maternal mRNA translocation, in transcriptionally quiescent embryos. Later, MZdchs1b mutants exhibit altered dorsal organizer and mesendodermal gene expression, due to impaired dorsal determinant transport and Nodal signaling. Mechanistically, MZdchs1b phenotypes can be explained in part by defective actin or microtubule networks, which appear bundled in mutants. Accordingly, disruption of actin cytoskeleton in wild-type embryos phenocopied MZdchs1b mutant defects in cytoplasmic segregation and CGE, whereas interfering with microtubules in wild-type embryos impaired dorsal organizer and mesodermal gene expression without perceptible earlier phenotypes. Moreover, the bundled microtubule phenotype was partially rescued by expressing either full-length Dchs1b or its intracellular domain, suggesting that Dchs1b affects microtubules and some developmental processes independent of its known ligand Fat. Our results indicate novel roles for vertebrate Dchs in actin and microtubule cytoskeleton regulation in the unanticipated context of the single-celled embryo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanbing Li-Villarreal
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Meredyth M Forbes
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Andrew J Loza
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jiakun Chen
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Taylur Ma
- Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Kathryn Helde
- Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Cecilia B Moens
- Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Jimann Shin
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Atsushi Sawada
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Anna E Hindes
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Julien Dubrulle
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Alexander F Schier
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Gregory D Longmore
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Florence L Marlow
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY 10461, USA Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Lilianna Solnica-Krezel
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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38
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Zebrafish Rnf111 is encoded by multiple transcripts and is required for epiboly progression and prechordal plate development. Differentiation 2015; 89:22-30. [PMID: 25619648 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2014.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Revised: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Arkadia (also known as RING finger 111) encodes a nuclear E3 ubiquitin ligase that targets intracellular effectors and modulators of TGFβ/Nodal-related signaling for polyubiquitination and proteasome-dependent degradation. In the mouse, loss of Arkadia results in early embryonic lethality, with defects attributed to compromised Nodal signaling. Here, we report the isolation of zebrafish arkadia/rnf111, which is represented by 5 transcript variants. arkadia/rnf111 is broadly expressed during the blastula and gastrula stages, with eventual enrichment in the anterior mesendoderm, including the prechordal plate. Morpholino knockdown experiments reveal an unexpected role for Arkadia/Rnf111 in both early blastula organization and epiboly progression. Using a splice junction morpholino, we present additional evidence that arkadia/rnf111 transcript variants containing a 3' alternative exon are specifically required for epiboly progression in the late gastrula. This result suggests that arkadia/rnf111 transcript variants encode functionally relevant protein isoforms that provide additional intracellular flexibility and regulation to the Nodal signaling pathway.
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39
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Lee SJ. Dynamic regulation of the microtubule and actin cytoskeleton in zebrafish epiboly. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 452:1-7. [PMID: 25117442 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Gastrulation is a key developmental stage with striking changes in morphology. Coordinated cell movements occur to bring cells to their correct positions in a timely manner. Cell movements and morphological changes are accomplished by precisely controlling dynamic changes in cytoskeletal proteins, microtubules, and actin filaments. Among those cellular movements, epiboly produces the first distinct morphological changes in teleosts. In this review, I describe epiboly and its mechanics, and the dynamic changes in microtubule networks and actin structures, mainly in zebrafish embryos. The factors regulating those cytoskeletal changes will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyh-Jye Lee
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, 1 Roosevelt Rd., Sec., 4, Taipei 10617, Taiwan, ROC; Center for Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, 1 Roosevelt Rd., Sec., 4, Taipei 10617, Taiwan, ROC; Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, National Taiwan University, 1 Roosevelt Rd., Sec., 4, Taipei 10617, Taiwan, ROC; Center for System Biology, National Taiwan University, 1 Roosevelt Rd., Sec., 4, Taipei 10617, Taiwan, ROC.
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40
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Xiao Q, Xia JH, Zhang XJ, Li Z, Wang Y, Zhou L, Gui JF. Type-IV antifreeze proteins are essential for epiboly and convergence in gastrulation of zebrafish embryos. Int J Biol Sci 2014; 10:715-32. [PMID: 25013380 PMCID: PMC4081606 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.9126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Many organisms in extremely cold environments such as the Antarctic Pole have evolved antifreeze molecules to prevent ice formation. There are four types of antifreeze proteins (AFPs). Type-IV antifreeze proteins (AFP4s) are present also in certain temperate and even tropical fish, which has raised a question as to whether these AFP4s have important functions in addition to antifreeze activity. Here we report the identification and functional analyses of AFP4s in cyprinid fish. Two genes, namely afp4a and afp4b coding for AFP4s, were identified in gibel carp (Carassius auratus gibelio) and zebrafish (Danio rerio). In both species, afp4a and afp4b display a head-to-tail tandem arrangement and share a common 4-exonic gene structure. In zebrafish, both afp4a and afp4b were found to express specifically in the yolk syncytial layer (YSL). Interestingly, afp4a expression continues in YSL and digestive system from early embryos to adults, whereas afp4b expression is restricted to embryogenesis. Importantly, we have shown by using afp4a-specific and afp4b-specifc morpholino knockdown and cell lineage tracing approaches that AFP4a participates in epiboly progression by stabilizing yolk cytoplasmic layer microtubules, and AFP4b is primarily related to convergence movement. Therefore, both AFP4 proteins are essential for gastrulation of zebrafish embryos. Our current results provide first evidence that AFP such as AFP4 has important roles in regulating developmental processes besides its well-known function as antifreeze factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Jian-Hong Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xiao-Juan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Zhi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Li Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Jian-Fang Gui
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
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41
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Chen X, Xu B, Han X, Mao Z, Chen M, Du G, Talbot P, Wang X, Xia Y. The effects of triclosan on pluripotency factors and development of mouse embryonic stem cells and zebrafish. Arch Toxicol 2014; 89:635-46. [PMID: 24879426 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-014-1270-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Triclosan (TCS) poses potential risks to reproduction and development due to its endocrine-disrupting properties. However, the mechanism of TCS's effects on early embryonic development is little known. Embryonic stem cells (ESC) and zebrafish embryos provide valuable models for testing the toxic effects of environmental chemicals on early embryogenesis. In this study, mouse embryonic stem cells (mESC) were acutely exposed to TCS for 24 h, and general cytotoxicity and the effect of TCS on pluripotency were then evaluated. In addition, zebrafish embryos were exposed to TCS from 2- to 24-h post-fertilization (hpf), and their morphology was evaluated. In mESC, alkaline phosphatase staining was significantly decreased after treatment with the highest concentration of TCS (50 μM). Although the expression levels of Sox2 mRNA were not changed, the mRNA levels of Oct4 and Nanog in TCS-treated groups were significantly decreased compared to controls. In addition, the protein levels of Oct4, Sox2 and Nanog were significantly reduced in response to TCS treatment. MicroRNA (miR)-134, an expression inhibitor of pluripotency markers, was significantly increased in TCS-treated mESC. In zebrafish experiments, after 24 hpf of treatment, the controls had developed to the late stage of somitogenesis, while embryos exposed to 300 μg/L of TCS were still at the early stage of somitogenesis, and three genes (Oct4, Sox2 and Nanog) were upregulated in treated groups when compared with the controls. The two models demonstrated that TCS may affect early embryonic development by disturbing the expression of the pluripotency markers (Oct4, Sox2 and Nanog).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojiao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
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Kotkamp K, Kur E, Wendik B, Polok BK, Ben-Dor S, Onichtchouk D, Driever W. Pou5f1/Oct4 promotes cell survival via direct activation of mych expression during zebrafish gastrulation. PLoS One 2014; 9:e92356. [PMID: 24643012 PMCID: PMC3958507 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0092356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Myc proteins control cell proliferation, cell cycle progression, and apoptosis, and play important roles in cancer as well in establishment of pluripotency. Here we investigated the control of myc gene expression by the Pou5f1/Oct4 pluripotency factor in the early zebrafish embryo. We analyzed the expression of all known zebrafish Myc family members, myca, mycb, mych, mycl1a, mycl1b, and mycn, by whole mount in situ hybridization during blastula and gastrula stages in wildtype and maternal plus zygotic pou5f1 mutant (MZspg) embryos, as well as by quantitative PCR and in time series microarray data. We found that the broad blastula and gastrula stage mych expression, as well as late gastrula stage mycl1b expression, both depend on Pou5f1 activity. We analyzed ChIP-Seq data and found that both Pou5f1 and Sox2 bind to mych and mycl1b control regions. The regulation of mych by Pou5f1 appears to be direct transcriptional activation, as overexpression of a Pou5f1 activator fusion protein in MZspg embryos induced strong mych expression even when translation of zygotically expressed mRNAs was suppressed. We further showed that MZspg embryos develop enhanced apoptosis already during early gastrula stages, when apoptosis was not be detected in wildtype embryos. However, Mych knockdown alone did not induce early apoptosis, suggesting potentially redundant action of several early expressed myc genes, or combination of several pathways affected in MZspg. Experimental mych overexpression in MZspg embryos did significantly, but not completely suppress the apoptosis phenotype. Similarly, p53 knockdown only partially suppressed apoptosis in MZspg gastrula embryos. However, combined knockdown of p53 and overexpression of Mych completely rescued the MZspg apoptosis phenotype. These results reveal that Mych has anti-apoptotic activity in the early zebrafish embryo, and that p53-dependent and Myc pathways are likely to act in parallel to control apoptosis at these stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kay Kotkamp
- Developmental Biology, Institute Biology I, Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Esther Kur
- Developmental Biology, Institute Biology I, Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Björn Wendik
- Developmental Biology, Institute Biology I, Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bożena K. Polok
- Developmental Biology, Institute Biology I, Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Shifra Ben-Dor
- Biological Services, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Daria Onichtchouk
- Developmental Biology, Institute Biology I, Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- BIOSS - Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Driever
- Developmental Biology, Institute Biology I, Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- BIOSS - Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, Freiburg, Germany
- * E-mail:
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A Pou5f1/Oct4 dependent Klf2a, Klf2b, and Klf17 regulatory sub-network contributes to EVL and ectoderm development during zebrafish embryogenesis. Dev Biol 2014; 385:433-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2013.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2013] [Revised: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Lippok B, Song S, Driever W. Pou5f1 protein expression and posttranslational modification during early zebrafish development. Dev Dyn 2013; 243:468-77. [DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Revised: 09/23/2013] [Accepted: 10/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bernadette Lippok
- Developmental Biology, Institute Biology I, Faculty of BiologyAlbert‐Ludwigs‐University FreiburgFreiburg Germany
| | - Sungmin Song
- Developmental Biology, Institute Biology I, Faculty of BiologyAlbert‐Ludwigs‐University FreiburgFreiburg Germany
| | - Wolfgang Driever
- Developmental Biology, Institute Biology I, Faculty of BiologyAlbert‐Ludwigs‐University FreiburgFreiburg Germany
- BIOSS ‐ Center for Biological Signalling StudiesFreiburg Germany
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Wang Y, Zhou L, Li Z, Li W, Gui J. Apolipoprotein C1 regulates epiboly during gastrulation in zebrafish. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2013; 56:975-84. [PMID: 24203452 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-013-4563-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Accepted: 10/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Apolipoprotein C1 (Apoc1) is associated with lipoprotein metabolism, but its physiological role during embryogenesis is largely unknown. We reveal a new function of Apoc1b, a transcript isoform of Apoc1, in epiboly during zebrafish gastrulation. Apoc1b is expressed in yolk syncytial layers and in deep cells of the ventral and lateral region of the embryos. It displays a radial gradient with high levels in the interior layer and low levels in the superficial layer. Knockdown of Apoc1b by injecting antisense morpholino (MO) caused the epiboly arrest in deep cells. Moreover, we show that the radial intercalation and the radial gradient distribution of E-cadherin are disrupted both in Apoc1b knockdown and overexpressed embryos. Therefore, Apoc1b controls epiboly via E-cadherin-mediated radial intercalation in a gradient-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
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Kapp LD, Abrams EW, Marlow FL, Mullins MC. The integrator complex subunit 6 (Ints6) confines the dorsal organizer in vertebrate embryogenesis. PLoS Genet 2013; 9:e1003822. [PMID: 24204286 PMCID: PMC3814294 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1003822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2012] [Accepted: 08/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Dorsoventral patterning of the embryonic axis relies upon the mutual antagonism of competing signaling pathways to establish a balance between ventralizing BMP signaling and dorsal cell fate specification mediated by the organizer. In zebrafish, the initial embryo-wide domain of BMP signaling is refined into a morphogenetic gradient following activation dorsally of a maternal Wnt pathway. The accumulation of β-catenin in nuclei on the dorsal side of the embryo then leads to repression of BMP signaling dorsally and the induction of dorsal cell fates mediated by Nodal and FGF signaling. A separate Wnt pathway operates zygotically via Wnt8a to limit dorsal cell fate specification and maintain the expression of ventralizing genes in ventrolateral domains. We have isolated a recessive dorsalizing maternal-effect mutation disrupting the gene encoding Integrator Complex Subunit 6 (Ints6). Due to widespread de-repression of dorsal organizer genes, embryos from mutant mothers fail to maintain expression of BMP ligands, fail to fully express vox and ved, two mediators of Wnt8a, display delayed cell movements during gastrulation, and severe dorsalization. Consistent with radial dorsalization, affected embryos display multiple independent axial domains along with ectopic dorsal forerunner cells. Limiting Nodal signaling or restoring BMP signaling restores wild-type patterning to affected embryos. Our results are consistent with a novel role for Ints6 in restricting the vertebrate organizer to a dorsal domain in embryonic patterning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee D. Kapp
- Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Elliott W. Abrams
- Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Florence L. Marlow
- Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Mary C. Mullins
- Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Tantin D. Oct transcription factors in development and stem cells: insights and mechanisms. Development 2013; 140:2857-66. [PMID: 23821033 DOI: 10.1242/dev.095927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The POU domain family of transcription factors regulates developmental processes ranging from specification of the early embryo to terminal differentiation. About half of these factors display substantial affinity for an 8 bp DNA site termed the octamer motif, and are hence known as Oct proteins. Oct4 (Pou5f1) is a well-known Oct factor, but there are other Oct proteins with varied and essential roles in development. This Primer outlines our current understanding of Oct proteins and the regulatory mechanisms that govern their role in developmental processes and concludes with the assertion that more investigation into their developmental functions is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dean Tantin
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
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Bensch R, Song S, Ronneberger O, Driever W. Non-directional radial intercalation dominates deep cell behavior during zebrafish epiboly. Biol Open 2013; 2:845-54. [PMID: 23951411 PMCID: PMC3744077 DOI: 10.1242/bio.20134614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Accepted: 05/01/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Epiboly is the first coordinated cell movement in most vertebrates and marks the onset of gastrulation. During zebrafish epiboly, enveloping layer (EVL) and deep cells spread over the vegetal yolk mass with a concomitant thinning of the deep cell layer. A prevailing model suggests that deep cell radial intercalations directed towards the EVL would drive deep cell epiboly. To test this model, we have globally recorded 3D cell trajectories for zebrafish blastomeres between sphere and 50% epiboly stages, and developed an image analysis framework to determine intercalation events, intercalation directionality, and migration speed for cells at specific positions within the embryo. This framework uses Voronoi diagrams to compute cell-to-cell contact areas, defines a feature-based spatio-temporal model for intercalation events and fits an anatomical coordinate system to the recorded datasets. We further investigate whether epiboly defects in MZspg mutant embryos devoid of Pou5f1/Oct4 may be caused by changes in intercalation behavior. In wild-type and mutant embryos, intercalations orthogonal to the EVL occur with no directional bias towards or away from the EVL, suggesting that there are no directional cues that would direct intercalations towards the EVL. Further, we find that intercalation direction is independent of the previous intercalation history of individual deep cells, arguing against cues that would program specific intrinsic directed migration behaviors. Our data support a dynamic model in which deep cells during epiboly migrate into space opening between the EVL and the yolk syncytial layer. Genetic programs determining cell motility may control deep cell dynamic behavior and epiboly progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Bensch
- Department of Computer Science, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg , Georges-Koehler-Allee Geb 052, 79110 Freiburg , Germany ; BIOSS - Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg , Schänzlestrasse 18, 79104 Freiburg , Germany
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Song S, Eckerle S, Onichtchouk D, Marrs JA, Nitschke R, Driever W. Pou5f1-dependent EGF expression controls E-cadherin endocytosis, cell adhesion, and zebrafish epiboly movements. Dev Cell 2013; 24:486-501. [PMID: 23484854 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2013.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2012] [Revised: 10/31/2012] [Accepted: 01/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Initiation of motile cell behavior in embryonic development occurs during late blastula stages when gastrulation begins. At this stage, the strong adhesion of blastomeres has to be modulated to enable dynamic behavior, similar to epithelial-to-mesenchymal transitions. We show that, in zebrafish maternal and zygotic (MZ)spg embryos mutant for the stem cell transcription factor Pou5f1/Oct4, which are severely delayed in the epiboly gastrulation movement, all blastomeres are defective in E-cadherin (E-cad) endosomal trafficking, and E-cad accumulates at the plasma membrane. We find that Pou5f1-dependent control of EGF expression regulates endosomal E-cad trafficking. EGF receptor may act via modulation of p120 activity. Loss of E-cad dynamics reduces cohesion of cells in reaggregation assays. Quantitative analysis of cell behavior indicates that dynamic E-cad endosomal trafficking is required for epiboly cell movements. We hypothesize that dynamic control of E-cad trafficking is essential to effectively generate new adhesion sites when cells move relative to each other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungmin Song
- Developmental Biology, Institute Biology I, Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
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