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Wagenaars F, Cenijn P, Scholze M, Frädrich C, Renko K, Köhrle J, Hamers T. Screening for endocrine disrupting chemicals inhibiting monocarboxylate 8 (MCT8) transporter facilitated thyroid hormone transport using a modified nonradioactive assay. Toxicol In Vitro 2024; 96:105770. [PMID: 38151217 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2023.105770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Early neurodevelopmental processes are strictly dependent on spatial and temporally modulated of thyroid hormone (TH) availability and action. Thyroid hormone transmembrane transporters (THTMT) are critical for regulating the local concentrations of TH, namely thyroxine (T4) and 3,5,3'-tri-iodothyronine (T3), in the brain. Monocarboxylate transporter 8 (MCT8) is one of the most prominent THTMT. Genetically induced deficiencies in expression, function or localization of MCT8 are associated with irreversible and severe neurodevelopmental adversities. Due to the importance of MCT8 in brain development, studies addressing chemical interferences of MCT8 facilitated T3 uptake are a crucial step to identify TH system disrupting chemicals with this specific mode of action. Recently a non-radioactive in vitro assay has been developed to rapidly screen for endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) acting upon MCT8 mediated transport. This study explored the use of an UV-light digestion step as an alternative for the original ammonium persulfate (APS) digestion step. The non-radioactive TH uptake assay, with the incorporated UV-light digestion step of TH, was then used to screen a set of 31 reference chemicals and environmentally relevant substances to detect inhibition of MCT8-depending T3 uptake. This alternative assay identified three novel MCT8 inhibitors: methylmercury, bisphenol-AF and bisphenol-Z and confirmed previously known MCT8 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Wagenaars
- Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment (A-Life), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (VU), De Boelelaan 1085, 1081, HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Peter Cenijn
- Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment (A-Life), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (VU), De Boelelaan 1085, 1081, HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Martin Scholze
- Brunel University London, Centre for Pollution Research and Policy, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK
| | - Caroline Frädrich
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin Institut für Experimentelle Endokrinologie, Hessische Strasse 3-4, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Kostja Renko
- German Centre for the Protection of Laboratory Animals (Bf3R), Bundesinstitut für Risikobewertung (BfR), Berlin, Germany
| | - Josef Köhrle
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin Institut für Experimentelle Endokrinologie, Hessische Strasse 3-4, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Timo Hamers
- Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment (A-Life), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (VU), De Boelelaan 1085, 1081, HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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Mandal A, Giri S, Giri A. Assessment of toxicity, genotoxicity and oxidative stress in Fejervarya limnocharis exposed to tributyltin. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:14938-14948. [PMID: 38286928 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32220-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Tributyltin (TBT) is widely used in various commercial applications due to its biocidal properties. Toxicological and genotoxicological data on TBT exposure to amphibians is insufficient. Our study aimed to determine the acute toxicity and genotoxic potential of TBT in Fejervarya limnocharis tadpoles. Furthermore, oxidative stress was also investigated in TBT-treated tadpoles. Tadpoles of Gosner stage (26-30) were screened and subjected to increasing concentrations of TBT (0, 3, 7, 11, 15, 19, 23 µg/L) for determining the LC50 values for 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, and 96 h. LC50 values of TBT for 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, and 96 h were found to be 19.45, 15.07, 13.12, and 11.84 μg/L respectively. Based on the 96 h LC50 value (11.84 µg/L), tadpoles were exposed to different sub-lethal concentrations of TBT for the evaluation of its genotoxic potential and effects on oxidative balance. The role of TBT on survivability, growth, and time to metamorphosis was also assessed. TBT exposure significantly altered the life history traits measured, increased mortality, and delayed the time taken to metamorphosis. Results indicated significant induction of micronucleus (MN, p < 0.001) and other erythrocytic nuclear aberrations (ENA, p < 0.01) in the TBT-treated groups. Significant alterations in comet parameters and oxidative balance were also observed in the treated groups. The present study findings might add to the cause of the gradual population decline seen in the amphibians. This study also demonstrates the alteration of the life-history traits, oxidative balance, and DNA damage upon TBT exposure which can have long-term consequences for the anuran amphibian F. limnocharis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijit Mandal
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, 788011, Assam, India
| | - Sarbani Giri
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, 788011, Assam, India.
| | - Anirudha Giri
- Laboratory of Environmental and Human Toxicology, Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, 788011, India
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Elsammak GA, Talaat A, Reda S. The possible ameliorative role of Lycopene on Tributyltin induced thyroid damage in adult male albino rats (histological, immunohistochemical and biochemical study). Ultrastruct Pathol 2023; 47:324-338. [PMID: 37125846 DOI: 10.1080/01913123.2023.2205922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Tributyltin is used in industrial applications. This current research aimed to study the effect of Tributyltin on the thyroid gland structure and function of adult male albino rats and the protective effect of Lycopene. Twenty-one male adult albino rats were classified into three groups: Control, treated that received Tributyltin, and protective that received Lycopene with Tributyltin. At the end of the experiment, blood samples were collected and T4, T3, and (TSH) were measured. Tissue superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were estimated. Thyroid gland specimens were processed for histological and immunohistochemical examination. Then morphometric and statistical analyses were done. The treated group showed affection in thyroid function and histological structure as vacuolated colloid and cytoplasm and dark nuclei. Ultrastructurally, follicular cells showed irregular shrunken nuclei, atrophied apical microvilli, vacuoles, multiple lysosomal granules, mitochondria with destructed cristae, and extensively dilated rough endoplasmic reticulum. There was increase in Caspase-3 immunoexpression and decrease in Beclin-1 immunoexpression. The thyroid structure and biochemical markers improved after Lycopene administration. The thyroid gland damage caused by Tributyltin is ameliorated by Lycopene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghada A Elsammak
- Medical Histology and cell biology Department, Zagazig University Faculty of Human Medicine, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Aliaa Talaat
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Zagazig University Faculty of Human Medicine, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Samar Reda
- Medical Histology and cell biology Department, Zagazig University Faculty of Human Medicine, Zagazig, Egypt
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McGuire CC, Robert JR. Environmental endocrine disruptors and amphibian immunity: A bridge between the thyroid hormone axis and T cell development. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 140:104617. [PMID: 36529309 PMCID: PMC9892850 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2022.104617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Immunity is susceptible to reprogramming by environmental chemical and endocrine signals. Notably, numerous thyroid disrupting chemicals (TDCs) have the potential to perturb immune endpoints, but data are lacking on the mechanisms by which TDCs can influence the development of the immune system. T cell immunity is particularly vulnerable to modulation by TDCs during thymic education, differentiation, and selection. The following review discusses the ways in which thyroid hormones may influence T cell development, as well as emerging TDCs with potential to impact both thyroid hormone physiology and immune outcomes. To overcome the challenges of studying TDC impacts on immune toxicological endpoints, a comparative approach using the amphibian Xenopus laevis is recommended. X. laevis are ideally suited to studying TDC impacts on immunity due to the importance of thyroid hormones for metamorphosis, and the wealth of immunological models to measure immune endpoints in both tadpoles and adult frogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor C McGuire
- University of Rochester Department of Microbiology and Immunology, USA; University of Rochester Department Environmental Medicine, USA
| | - Jacques R Robert
- University of Rochester Department of Microbiology and Immunology, USA; University of Rochester Department Environmental Medicine, USA.
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Egalini F, Marinelli L, Rossi M, Motta G, Prencipe N, Rossetto Giaccherino R, Pagano L, Grottoli S, Giordano R. Endocrine disrupting chemicals: effects on pituitary, thyroid and adrenal glands. Endocrine 2022; 78:395-405. [PMID: 35604630 PMCID: PMC9637063 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-022-03076-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, scientific research has increasingly focused on Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs) and demonstrated their relevant role in the functional impairment of endocrine glands. This induced regulatory authorities to ban some of these compounds and to carefully investigate others in order to prevent EDCs-related conditions. As a result, we witnessed a growing awareness and interest on this topic. AIMS This paper aims to summarize current evidence regarding the detrimental effects of EDCs on pivotal endocrine glands like pituitary, thyroid and adrenal ones. Particularly, we directed our attention on the known and the hypothesized mechanisms of endocrine dysfunction brought by EDCs. We also gave a glimpse on recent findings from pioneering studies that could in the future shed a light on the pathophysiology of well-known, but poorly understood, endocrine diseases like hormone-producing adenomas. CONCLUSIONS Although intriguing, studies on endocrine dysfunctions brought by EDCs are challenging, in particular when investigating long-term effects of EDCs on humans. However, undoubtedly, it represents a new intriguing field of science research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Egalini
- Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Corso Dogliotti 14, 10126, Turin, Italy.
| | - Lorenzo Marinelli
- Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Corso Dogliotti 14, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Mattia Rossi
- Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Corso Dogliotti 14, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Giovanna Motta
- Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Corso Dogliotti 14, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Nunzia Prencipe
- Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Corso Dogliotti 14, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Ruth Rossetto Giaccherino
- Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Corso Dogliotti 14, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Loredana Pagano
- Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Corso Dogliotti 14, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Silvia Grottoli
- Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Corso Dogliotti 14, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Roberta Giordano
- Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Corso Dogliotti 14, 10126, Turin, Italy
- Department of Biological and Clinical Science, University of Turin, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043, Orbassano (TO), Italy
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Tian H, Ba W, Zhang X, Wang X, Dong Y, Li X, Ru S. mRNA-miRNA sequencing reveals mechanisms of 2,2'-dipyridyl disulfide-induced thyroid disruption in Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2022; 248:106191. [PMID: 35576717 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2022.106191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the thyroid-disrupting effects of 2,2'-dipyridyl disulfide using Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) as an animal model and to reveal the underlying mechanisms from the perspective of miRNA-mRNA interactions. The results indicated that 2,2'-dipyridyl disulfide exposure decelerated the metamorphic progress of P. olivaceus, suggesting its thyroid-disrupting property as an antagonist. Furthermore, radioimmunoassays, thyroid histological observation, real-time polymerase chain reaction, and mRNA sequencing showed that 2,2'-dipyridyl disulfide exposure exerted its thyroid-disrupting effects on larval and juvenile P. olivaceus by targeting multiple processes and pathways involved in the thyroid system, including peripheral metabolism of thyroid hormones, the thyroid hormone synthesis pathway, and the thyroid hormone/thyroid hormone receptor signaling pathway. In particular, global upregulation of the gene expression of three deiodinases caused decreases in thyroid hormone levels after 2,2'-dipyridyl disulfide exposure that are believed to be responsible for the inhibition of metamorphosis in P. olivaceus. Finally, miRNA sequencing suggested that several evolutionarily conserved miRNAs play important roles in the mechanism of 2,2'-dipyridyl disulfide-induced thyroid disruption. Specifically, overexpression of pny-miR-723a and pny-miR-216a resulted in upregulation of deiodinase 1 mRNA levels in the 2,2'-dipyridyl disulfide exposure group. This study provides the first evidence that 2,2'-dipyridyl disulfide has thyroid-disrupting properties and is also the first study remarking on the roles of miRNA-mRNA interactions in the action mechanisms of thyroid disruptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Tian
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China
| | - Wanyu Ba
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China
| | - Xue Wang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China
| | - Yifei Dong
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China
| | - Xuefu Li
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China
| | - Shaoguo Ru
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China.
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Rodrigues-Pereira P, Andrade MN, Santos-Silva AP, Teixeira MP, Soares P, Graceli JB, de Carvalho DP, Dias GRM, Ferreira ACF, Miranda-Alves L. Subacute and low-dose tributyltin exposure disturbs the mammalian hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis in a sex-dependent manner. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2022; 254:109279. [PMID: 35077874 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2022.109279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Tributyltin (TBT) is an endocrine disruptor chemical (EDC) capable of altering the proper function of the hypothalamus-pituitary thyroid (HPT) axis. This study aimed to evaluate the subacute effects of TBT on the HPT axis of male and female rats. A dose of 100 ng/kg/day TBT was used in both sexes over a 15-day period, and the morphophysiology and gene expression of the HPT axis were assessed. TBT exposure increased the body weight in both sexes, while food efficiency increased - only in male rats. It was also possible to note alterations in the thyroid, with the presence of a stratified epithelium, cystic degeneration, and increased interstitial collagen deposition. A reduction in T3 and T4 levels was only observed in TBT male rats. A reduction in TSH levels was observed in TBT female rats. Evaluating mRNA expression, we observed a decrease in hepatic D1 and TRH mRNA levels in TBT female rats. An increase in D2 mRNA expression in the hypothalamus was observed in TBT male rats. Additionally, no significant changes in TRH or hepatic D1 mRNA expression in TBT male rats or in hypothalamic D1 and D2 mRNA expression in TBT female rats were observed. Thus, we can conclude that TBT has different toxicological effects on male and female rats by altering thyroid gland morphophysiology, leading to abnormal HPT axis function, and even at subacute and low doses, it may be involved in complex endocrine and metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Rodrigues-Pereira
- Laboratório de Endocrinologia Experimental-LEEx, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Endocrinologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcelle Novaes Andrade
- Laboratório de Endocrinologia Experimental-LEEx, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Farmacologia e Química Medicinal, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Santos-Silva
- Laboratório de Endocrinologia Experimental-LEEx, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Endocrinologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Núcleo Interdisciplinar NUMPEX, Campus Duque de Caxias, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mariana Pires Teixeira
- Laboratório de Endocrinologia Experimental-LEEx, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Endocrinologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Paula Soares
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal; Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto (FMUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Jones Bernardes Graceli
- Laboratório de Toxicologia e Endocrinologia, Departamento de Morfologia, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Denise Pires de Carvalho
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Endocrinologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Laboratório de Fisiologia Endócrina Doris Rosenthal, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Glaecir Roseni Mundstock Dias
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Endocrinologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Laboratório de Fisiologia Endócrina Doris Rosenthal, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Andrea Claudia Freitas Ferreira
- Núcleo Interdisciplinar NUMPEX, Campus Duque de Caxias, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Laboratório de Fisiologia Endócrina Doris Rosenthal, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Leandro Miranda-Alves
- Laboratório de Endocrinologia Experimental-LEEx, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Endocrinologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Farmacologia e Química Medicinal, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Wang L, Guo M, Feng G, Wang P, Xu J, Yu J. Effects of chronic exposure to nonylphenol at environmental concentration on thyroid function and thyroid hyperplasia disease in male rats. Toxicology 2021; 461:152918. [PMID: 34464681 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2021.152918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to determine whether chronic exposure to nonylphenol (NP), a representative substance of environmental endocrine disruptors (EEDs), at environmental concentration would have toxic effects on thyroid function and thyroid hyperplasia disease. Two hundred SPF Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into five groups (n = 40 per group): blank control group (corn oil), low-dose NP exposure group (0.4 mg/kg/d), medium-dose NP exposure group (4 mg/kg/d), high-dose NP exposure group (40 mg/kg/d), and estradiol control group (E2: 30 μg/kg/d). The rats were treated by gavage for 34 weeks, which were sampled twice (17 weeks and 34 weeks respectively). NP accumulation in the thyroid tissue (F = 52.93, P < 0.001) and serum (F = 5.54, P = 0.00) continuously increased in a significant dose-effect relationship. After NP exposure, the serum FT3 levels exhibited a dose-dependent increasing trend (F = 4.68, P = 0.01), while the serum FT4 level showed an opposite trend (F = 3.93, P= 0.01). Compared with the control group, hyperechoic areas (i.e., calcification points) were observed in the high-dose group. Follicular epithelial stratification was extremely severe, the monolayer cubic epithelial cells became flat, and the area of single follicles was even smaller in the high-dose group. In the high-dose NP group, there were numerous mitochondria that were severely swollen. The rough endoplasmic reticulum was abundant, with obvious expansion and vesiculation. The relative expression of ERα (F = 5.29, P = 0.00), ERβ (F = 10.17, P = 0.00), TRα (F = 7.71, P = 0.00), TRβ (F = 3.52.17, P = 0.02) and HMGB1 (F = 10.16, P = 0.01) proteins in the thyroid tissue in each NP exposure group was increased compared with the control group, and the relative expression of proteins increased if the exposure time was prolonged under the same exposure dose. Chronic exposure to NP at environmental concentration could have toxic effects on thyroid function, and induce thyroid hyperplasia disease in male rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, 563000, PR China; Division of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Laiyang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Laiyang, Shandong, 265200, PR China
| | - Mei Guo
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, 563000, PR China
| | - Guoli Feng
- Department of Thyroid & Breast Surgery, Affiliated Hospital Of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, 563000, PR China
| | - Pan Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, 563000, PR China
| | - Jie Xu
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, 563000, PR China.
| | - Jie Yu
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, 563000, PR China.
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Graceli JB, Dettogni RS, Merlo E, Niño O, da Costa CS, Zanol JF, Ríos Morris EA, Miranda-Alves L, Denicol AC. The impact of endocrine-disrupting chemical exposure in the mammalian hypothalamic-pituitary axis. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 518:110997. [PMID: 32841708 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.110997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The hypothalamic-pituitary axis (HP axis) plays a critical and integrative role in the endocrine system control to maintain homeostasis. The HP axis is responsible for the hormonal events necessary to regulate the thyroid, adrenal glands, gonads, somatic growth, among other functions. Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are a worldwide public health concern. There is growing evidence that exposure to EDCs such as bisphenol A (BPA), some phthalates, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and biphenyls (PBBs), dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), tributyltin (TBT), and atrazine (ATR), is associated with HP axis abnormalities. EDCs act on hormone receptors and their downstream signaling pathways and can interfere with hormone synthesis, metabolism, and actions. Because the HP axis function is particularly sensitive to endogenous hormonal changes, disruptions by EDCs can alter HP axis proper function, leading to important endocrine irregularities. Here, we review the evidence that EDCs could directly affect the mammalian HP axis function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jones B Graceli
- Department of Morphology, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espirito Santo. Av. Marechal Campos, 1468, CEP: 290440-090 Vitória, ES, Brazil.
| | - Raquel S Dettogni
- Department of Morphology, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espirito Santo. Av. Marechal Campos, 1468, CEP: 290440-090 Vitória, ES, Brazil.
| | - Eduardo Merlo
- Department of Morphology, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espirito Santo. Av. Marechal Campos, 1468, CEP: 290440-090 Vitória, ES, Brazil.
| | - Oscar Niño
- Department of Morphology, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espirito Santo. Av. Marechal Campos, 1468, CEP: 290440-090 Vitória, ES, Brazil.
| | - Charles S da Costa
- Department of Morphology, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espirito Santo. Av. Marechal Campos, 1468, CEP: 290440-090 Vitória, ES, Brazil.
| | - Jordana F Zanol
- Department of Morphology, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espirito Santo. Av. Marechal Campos, 1468, CEP: 290440-090 Vitória, ES, Brazil.
| | - Eduardo A Ríos Morris
- Laboratory of Experimental Endocrinology-LEEx, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Graduate Program in Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Leandro Miranda-Alves
- Laboratory of Experimental Endocrinology-LEEx, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Graduate Program in Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Graduate Program in Pharmacology and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Anna C Denicol
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
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Zhan J, Ma X, Liu D, Liang Y, Li P, Cui J, Zhou Z, Wang P. Gut microbiome alterations induced by tributyltin exposure are associated with increased body weight, impaired glucose and insulin homeostasis and endocrine disruption in mice. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 266:115276. [PMID: 32835916 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Tributyltin (TBT), an organotin compound once widely used in agriculture and industry, has been reported to induce obesity and endocrine disruption. Gut microbiota has a strong connection with the host's physiology. Nevertheless, the influences of TBT exposure on gut microbiota and whether TBT-influenced gut microbiota is related to TBT-induced toxicity remain unclear. To fill these gaps, ICR (CD-1) mice were respectively exposed to TBT at NOEL (L-TBT) and tenfold NOEL (H-TBT) daily by gavage for 8 weeks in the current study. The results showed that TBT exposure significantly increased body weight as well as epididymal fat, and led to adipocyte hypertrophy, dyslipidemia and impaired glucose and insulin homeostasis in mice. Additionally, TBT exposure significantly decreased the levels of T4, T3 and testosterone in serum. Also of note, TBT exposure changed gut microbiota composition mainly by decreasing Bacteroidetes and increasing Firmicutes proportions. To confirm the role of gut microbiota in TBT-induced overweight and hormonal disorders, fecal microbiota transplantation was performed and the mice receiving gut microbiota from H-TBT mice had similar phenotypes with their donor mice including significant body weight and epididymal fat gain, glucose and insulin dysbiosis and hormonal disorders. These results suggested that gut microbiome altered by TBT exposure was involved in the TBT-induced increased body weight, impaired glucose and insulin homeostasis and endocrine disruption in mice, providing significant evidence and a novel perspective for better understanding the mechanism by which TBT induces toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhan
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Science, China Agricultural University, No. 2, West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiaoran Ma
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Science, China Agricultural University, No. 2, West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Donghui Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Science, China Agricultural University, No. 2, West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yiran Liang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Science, China Agricultural University, No. 2, West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Peize Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Science, China Agricultural University, No. 2, West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jingna Cui
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Science, China Agricultural University, No. 2, West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhou
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Science, China Agricultural University, No. 2, West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Science, China Agricultural University, No. 2, West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing, 100193, China.
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11
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Wu L, Chen H, Ru H, Li Y, Yao F, Ni Z, Zhong L. Sex-specific effects of triphenyltin chloride (TPT) on thyroid disruption and metabolizing enzymes in adult zebrafish (Danio rerio). Toxicol Lett 2020; 331:143-151. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2020.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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12
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Giannocco G, Kizys MML, Maciel RM, de Souza JS. Thyroid hormone, gene expression, and Central Nervous System: Where we are. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2020; 114:47-56. [PMID: 32980238 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2020.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid hormones (TH; T3 and T4) play a fundamental role in the fetal stage to the adult phase, controlling gene and protein expression in virtually all tissues. The endocrine and CNS systems have relevant interaction, and the TH are pivotal for the proper functioning of the CNS. A slight failure to regulate TH availability during pregnancy and/or childhood can lead to neurological disorders, for example, autism and cognitive impairment, or depression. In this review, we highlight how TH acts in controlling gene expression, its role in the CNS, and what substances widely found in the environment can cause in this tissue. We highlight the role of Endocrine Disruptors used on an everyday basis in the processing of mRNAs responsible for neurodevelopment. We conclude that TH, more precisely T3, acts mainly throughout its nuclear receptors, that the deficiency of this hormone, either due to the lack of its main substrate iodine, or by to incorrect organification of T4 and T3 in the gland, or by a mutation in transporters, receptors and deiodinases may cause mild (dysregulated mood in adulthood) to severe neurological impairment (Allan-Herndon-Dudley syndrome, presented as early as childhood); T3 is responsible for the expression of numerous CNS genes related to oxygen transport, growth factors, myelination, cell maturation. Substances present in the environment and widely used can interfere with the functioning of the thyroid gland, the action of TH, and the functioning of the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisele Giannocco
- Departamento de Medicina, Laboratório de Endocrinologia e Medicina Translacional, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, UNIFESP/EPM, Rua Pedro de Toledo, 669 - 11 andar, São Paulo, SP 04039-032, Brazil; Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, UNIFESP, Diadema, SP 09920-000, Brazil
| | - Marina Malta Letro Kizys
- Departamento de Medicina, Laboratório de Endocrinologia e Medicina Translacional, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, UNIFESP/EPM, Rua Pedro de Toledo, 669 - 11 andar, São Paulo, SP 04039-032, Brazil
| | - Rui Monteiro Maciel
- Departamento de Medicina, Laboratório de Endocrinologia e Medicina Translacional, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, UNIFESP/EPM, Rua Pedro de Toledo, 669 - 11 andar, São Paulo, SP 04039-032, Brazil
| | - Janaina Sena de Souza
- Departamento de Medicina, Laboratório de Endocrinologia e Medicina Translacional, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, UNIFESP/EPM, Rua Pedro de Toledo, 669 - 11 andar, São Paulo, SP 04039-032, Brazil; Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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13
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Vail GM, Walley SN, Yasrebi A, Maeng A, Conde KN, Roepke TA. The interactions of diet-induced obesity and organophosphate flame retardant exposure on energy homeostasis in adult male and female mice. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2020; 83:438-455. [PMID: 32546061 PMCID: PMC7337410 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2020.1777235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Previously, sex-dependent alterations in energy homeostasis were reported in adult mice fed a standard chow attributed to exposure to a mixture of organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) via estrogen receptors (ERα). In this study, adult male and female mice (C57BL/6J; Taconic) were treated with the same mixture of OPFRs (1 mg/kg each of tricresyl phosphate (TCP), triphenyl phosphate (TPP), and tris(1-3-dichloro-2propyl)phosphate (TDCPP)) for 7 weeks on a low-fat diet (LFD, 10% kcal fat) or a high fat (HFD, 45% kcal fat) in a diet-induced obesity model. Consistent with our previous observations, OPFRs altered weight gain in males, differentially with diet, while females remained unaffected. OPFR treatment also revealed sex-dependent perturbations in metabolic activity. During the night (approximately 0100-0400 hr), males exhibited elevated activity and oxygen consumption, while in females these parameters were decreased, irrespective of diet. OPFR disrupted feeding behavior and abolished diurnal water intake patterns in females while increasing nighttime fluid consumption in males. Despite no marked effect of OPFRs on glucose or insulin tolerance, OPFR treatment altered circulating insulin and leptin in females and ghrelin in males. Data indicate that adult OPFR exposure might influence, and perhaps exacerbate, the effects of diet-induced obesity in adult mice by altering activity, ingestive behavior, and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwyndolin M. Vail
- Joint Graduate Program in Toxicology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ. USA
| | - Sabrina N. Walley
- Joint Graduate Program in Toxicology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ. USA
| | - Ali Yasrebi
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Environmental & Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ. USA
| | - Angela Maeng
- Joint Graduate Program in Toxicology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ. USA
| | - Kristie N. Conde
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ. USA
| | - Troy A. Roepke
- Joint Graduate Program in Toxicology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ. USA
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Environmental & Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ. USA
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ. USA
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14
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Thyroid disruption and developmental toxicity caused by triphenyltin (TPT) in zebrafish embryos/larvae. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2020; 394:114957. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2020.114957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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15
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Li S, Qiao K, Jiang Y, Wu Q, Coffin S, Gui W, Zhu G. Disruptive effects of two organotin pesticides on the thyroid signaling pathway in Xenopus laevis during metamorphosis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 697:134140. [PMID: 31476497 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Organotin compounds are the ubiquitous environmental pollutants due to their wide industrial and agricultural applications and unexpected releasing into the environment, which show characteristic of endocrine disruptors to interfere with the synthesis, receptor binding or action of endogenous-hormones. Organotin pesticides (OTPs) are used in agriculture and may impact endocrine functions on organisms. Thyroid hormones (THs) play fundamental roles in regulating the basal metabolism and energy balance, while thyroid function can be impaired by environmental contaminants. Therefore, it is crucial to clarify the effects and mechanisms of OTPs on hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis. In this study, Xenopus laevis tadpoles at stage 51 were exposed to fentin hydroxide and fenbutatin oxide (0.04, 0.20 and 1.00 μg·L-1) for 21 days. It was found that both compounds caused inhibitory effects on metamorphic development of tadpoles (e.g., significant decrease in hindlimb length and retarding development). Triiodothyronine (T3) significantly decreased in tadpoles exposed to 0.20 μg/L and 1.00 μg/L of the two OTPs for 14 days or 21 days. The expressions of TH responsive genes trβ, bteb and dio2 were down-regulated, while tshβ and slc5a5 were up-regulated. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) binding assays showed that fentin hydroxide had a moderate affinity to recombinant human thyroid hormone receptor β but fenbutatin oxide did not have. Result of the SPR assay was highly consistent with the luciferase reporter gene assays that fentin hydroxide suppressed the relative luciferase activity in the presence of T3 while fenbutatin oxide did not, demonstrating fentin hydroxide but not fenbutatin oxide displayed an antagonistic activity against T3-TR complex mediated transcriptional activation. Overall, the findings elucidated the mechanisms induced by OTPs along HPT axis. These results highlighted the adverse influences of organotin pesticides on thyroid hormone- dependent development in vertebrates and the need for more comprehensive investigations of their potential ecological risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuying Li
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Kun Qiao
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Yao Jiang
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Qiong Wu
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Scott Coffin
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, United States
| | - Wenjun Gui
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China.
| | - Guonian Zhu
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
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16
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Martínez R, Herrero-Nogareda L, Van Antro M, Campos MP, Casado M, Barata C, Piña B, Navarro-Martín L. Morphometric signatures of exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals in zebrafish eleutheroembryos. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2019; 214:105232. [PMID: 31271907 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2019.105232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the mode of action of the different pollutants in human and wildlife health is a key step in environmental risk assessment. The aim of this study was to determine signatures that could link morphological phenotypes to the toxicity mechanisms of four Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs): bisphenol A (BPA), perfluorooctanesulfonate potassium salt (PFOS), tributyltin chloride (TBT), and 17-ß-estradiol (E2). Zebrafish (Danio rerio) eleutheroembryos were exposed from 2 to 5 dpf to a wide range of BPA, PFOS, TBT and E2 concentrations. At the end of the exposures several morphometric features were assessed. Common and non-specific effects on larvae pigmentation or swim bladder area were observed after exposures to all compounds. BPA specifically induced yolk sac malabsorption syndrome and altered craniofacial parameters, whereas PFOS had specific effects on the notochord formation presenting higher rates of scoliosis and kyphosis. The main effect of E2 was an increase in the body length of the exposed eleutheroembryos. In the case of TBT, main alterations on the morphological traits were related to developmental delays. When integrating all morphometrical parameters, BPA showed the highest rates of malformations in terms of equilethality, followed by PFOS and, distantly, by TBT and E2. In the case of BPA and PFOS, we were able to relate our results with effects on the transcriptome and metabolome, previously reported. We propose that methodized morphometric analyses in zebrafish embryo model can be used as an inexpensive and easy screening tool to predict modes of action of a wide-range number of contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Martínez
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, IDAEA-CSIC, Barcelona, Catalunya, 08034, Spain; Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Catalunya, 08007, Spain.
| | - Laia Herrero-Nogareda
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, IDAEA-CSIC, Barcelona, Catalunya, 08034, Spain.
| | - Morgane Van Antro
- Laboratory of Evolutionary and Adaptive Physiology, Institute of Life, Earth and Environment, University of Namur, 61 Rue de Bruxelles, B5000, Namur, Belgium.
| | - Maria Pilar Campos
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, IDAEA-CSIC, Barcelona, Catalunya, 08034, Spain.
| | - Marta Casado
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, IDAEA-CSIC, Barcelona, Catalunya, 08034, Spain.
| | - Carlos Barata
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, IDAEA-CSIC, Barcelona, Catalunya, 08034, Spain.
| | - Benjamin Piña
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, IDAEA-CSIC, Barcelona, Catalunya, 08034, Spain.
| | - Laia Navarro-Martín
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, IDAEA-CSIC, Barcelona, Catalunya, 08034, Spain.
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17
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Wang J, Hallinger DR, Murr AS, Buckalew AR, Lougee RR, Richard AM, Laws SC, Stoker TE. High-throughput screening and chemotype-enrichment analysis of ToxCast phase II chemicals evaluated for human sodium-iodide symporter (NIS) inhibition. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 126:377-386. [PMID: 30826616 PMCID: PMC9082575 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
In support of the Endocrine Disruptor Screening Program (EDSP), the U.S.EPA's Office of Research and Development (ORD) is developing high-throughput screening (HTS) approaches to identify chemicals that alter target sites in the thyroid hormone (TH) pathway. The sodium iodide symporter (NIS) is a transmembrane glycoprotein that mediates iodide uptake into the thyroid as the initial step of TH biosynthesis. Previously, we screened 293 ToxCast chemicals (ph1v2) using a HEK293T cell line expressing human NIS in parallel radioactive iodide uptake (RAIU) and cell viability assays to identify potential environmental NIS inhibitors. Here, we expanded NIS inhibitor screening for a set of 768 ToxCast Phase II (ph2) chemicals, and applied a novel computational toxicology approach based on the ToxPrint chemotype to identify chemical substructures associated with NIS inhibition. Following single-concentration screening (at 1 × 10-4 M with a 20% inhibition cutoff), 235 samples (228 chemicals) were further tested in multiple-concentration (1 × 10-9 - 1 × 10-4 M) format in both RAIU and cell viability assays. The 167 chemicals that exhibited significant RAIU inhibition were then prioritized using combined RAIU and cell viability responses that were normalized relative to the known NIS inhibitor sodium perchlorate. Some of the highest ranked chemicals, such as PFOS, tributyltin chloride, and triclocarban, have been previously reported to be thyroid disruptors. In addition, several novel chemicals were identified as potent NIS inhibitors. The present results were combined with the previous ph1v2 screening results to produce two sets of binary hit-calls for 1028 unique chemicals, consisting of 273 positives exhibiting significant RAIU inhibition, and 63 positives following application of a cell viability filter. A ToxPrint chemotype-enrichment analysis identified >20 distinct chemical substructural features, represented in >60% of the active chemicals, as significantly enriched in each NIS inhibition hit-call space. A shared set of 9 chemotypes enriched in both hit-call sets indicates stable chemotype signals (insensitive to cytotoxicity filters) that can help guide structure-activity relationship (SAR) investigations and inform future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- Endocrine Toxicology Branch, Toxicity Assessment Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA; Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, U.S. Department of Energy, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Daniel R Hallinger
- Endocrine Toxicology Branch, Toxicity Assessment Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA
| | - Ashley S Murr
- Endocrine Toxicology Branch, Toxicity Assessment Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA
| | - Angela R Buckalew
- Endocrine Toxicology Branch, Toxicity Assessment Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA
| | - Ryan R Lougee
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, U.S. Department of Energy, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA; National Center for Computational Toxicology, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA
| | - Ann M Richard
- National Center for Computational Toxicology, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA
| | - Susan C Laws
- Endocrine Toxicology Branch, Toxicity Assessment Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA.
| | - Tammy E Stoker
- Endocrine Toxicology Branch, Toxicity Assessment Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA.
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18
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de Oliveira M, Rodrigues BM, Olimpio RMC, Graceli JB, Gonçalves BM, Costa SMB, da Silva TM, De Sibio MT, Moretto FCF, Mathias LS, Cardoso DBM, Tilli HP, Freitas-Lima LC, Nogueira CR. Disruptive Effect of Organotin on Thyroid Gland Function Might Contribute to Hypothyroidism. Int J Endocrinol 2019; 2019:7396716. [PMID: 31178910 PMCID: PMC6501155 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7396716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
A considerable increase in endocrine abnormalities has been reported over the last few decades worldwide. A growing exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) can be one of the causes of endocrine disorders in populations, and these disorders are not only restricted to the metabolic hormone system but can also cause abnormal functions. Thyroid hormone (TH) disruption is defined as an abnormal change in TH production, transport, function, or metabolism, which results in some degree of impairment in body homeostasis. Many EDCs, including organotin compounds (OTCs), are environmental contaminants that are commonly found in antifouling paints used on ships and in several other industrial procedures. OTCs are obesogenic and can disrupt TH metabolism; however, abnormalities in thyroid function resulting from OTC exposure are less well understood. OTCs, one of the most prevalent EDCs that are encountered on a daily basis, modulate the thyroid axis. In most toxicology studies, it has been reported that OTCs might contribute to hypothyroidism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriane de Oliveira
- Department of Internal Clinic, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Medical School, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Bruna Moretto Rodrigues
- Department of Internal Clinic, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Medical School, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Bianca Mariani Gonçalves
- Department of Internal Clinic, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Medical School, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Sarah Maria Barneze Costa
- Department of Internal Clinic, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Medical School, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Tabata Marinda da Silva
- Department of Internal Clinic, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Medical School, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Teresa De Sibio
- Department of Internal Clinic, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Medical School, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Lucas Solla Mathias
- Department of Internal Clinic, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Medical School, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Helena Paim Tilli
- Department of Internal Clinic, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Medical School, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Celia Regina Nogueira
- Department of Internal Clinic, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Medical School, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
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19
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Andrade MN, Santos-Silva AP, Rodrigues-Pereira P, Paiva-Melo FD, de Lima Junior NC, Teixeira MP, Soares P, Dias GRM, Graceli JB, de Carvalho DP, Ferreira ACF, Miranda-Alves L. The environmental contaminant tributyltin leads to abnormalities in different levels of the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis in female rats. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 241:636-645. [PMID: 29902746 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Tributyltin is a biocide used in nautical paints, aiming to reduce fouling of barnacles in ships. Despite the fact that many effects of TBT on marine species are known, studies in mammals have been limited, especially those evaluating its effect on the function of the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of subchronic exposure to TBT on the HPT axis in female rats. Female Wistar rats received vehicle, TBT 200 ng kg-1 BW d-1 or 1000 ng kg-1 BW d-1 orally by gavage for 40 d. Hypothalamus, pituitary, thyroid, liver and blood samples were collected. TBT200 and TBT1000 thyroids showed vacuolated follicular cells, with follicular hypertrophy and hyperplasia. An increase in epithelial height and a decrease in the thyroid follicle and colloid area were observed in TBT1000 rats. Moreover, an increase in the epithelium/colloid area ratio was observed in both TBT groups. Lower TRH mRNA expression was observed in the hypothalami of TBT200 and TBT1000 rats. An increase in Dio1 mRNA levels was observed in the hypothalamus and thyroid in TBT1000 rats only. TSH serum levels were increased in TBT200 rats. In TBT1000 rats, there was a decrease in total T4 serum levels compared to control rats, whereas T3 serum levels did not show significant alterations. We conclude that TBT exposure can promote critical abnormalities in the HPT axis, including changes in TRH mRNA expression and serum TSH and T4 levels, in addition to affecting thyroid morphology. These findings demonstrate that TBT disrupts the HPT axis. Additionally, the changes found in thyroid hormones suggest that TBT may interfere with the peripheral metabolism of these hormones, an idea corroborated by the observed changes in Dio1 mRNA levels. Therefore, TBT exposition might interfere not only with the thyroid axis but also with thyroid hormone metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelle Novaes Andrade
- Grupo de Pesquisa, Desenvolvimento e Inovação em Endocrinologia Experimental-GPDIEEx, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Endocrinologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Farmacologia e Química Medicinal, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Santos-Silva
- Grupo de Pesquisa, Desenvolvimento e Inovação em Endocrinologia Experimental-GPDIEEx, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Endocrinologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Laboratório de Fisiologia Endócrina Doris Rosenthal, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Paula Rodrigues-Pereira
- Grupo de Pesquisa, Desenvolvimento e Inovação em Endocrinologia Experimental-GPDIEEx, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Endocrinologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Francisca Diana Paiva-Melo
- Grupo de Pesquisa, Desenvolvimento e Inovação em Endocrinologia Experimental-GPDIEEx, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Endocrinologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Niedson Correa de Lima Junior
- Grupo de Pesquisa, Desenvolvimento e Inovação em Endocrinologia Experimental-GPDIEEx, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Endocrinologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Laboratório de Fisiologia Endócrina Doris Rosenthal, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mariana Pires Teixeira
- Grupo de Pesquisa, Desenvolvimento e Inovação em Endocrinologia Experimental-GPDIEEx, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Endocrinologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Laboratório de Fisiologia Endócrina Doris Rosenthal, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Patologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Brazil
| | - Paula Soares
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, Portugal; Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP) - Cancer Biology, Porto, Portugal; Medical Faculty, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty of Porto University, Porto, Portugal
| | - Glaecir Roseni Munstock Dias
- Grupo de Pesquisa, Desenvolvimento e Inovação em Endocrinologia Experimental-GPDIEEx, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Endocrinologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Laboratório de Fisiologia Endócrina Doris Rosenthal, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jones Bernardes Graceli
- Grupo de Pesquisa, Desenvolvimento e Inovação em Endocrinologia Experimental-GPDIEEx, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Laboratório de Endocrinologia e Toxicologia Celular, Departamento de Morfologia, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Denise Pires de Carvalho
- Grupo de Pesquisa, Desenvolvimento e Inovação em Endocrinologia Experimental-GPDIEEx, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Endocrinologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Laboratório de Fisiologia Endócrina Doris Rosenthal, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Andrea Claudia Freitas Ferreira
- Grupo de Pesquisa, Desenvolvimento e Inovação em Endocrinologia Experimental-GPDIEEx, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Endocrinologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Farmacologia e Química Medicinal, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Polo de Xerém/NUMPEX, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Leandro Miranda-Alves
- Grupo de Pesquisa, Desenvolvimento e Inovação em Endocrinologia Experimental-GPDIEEx, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Endocrinologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Farmacologia e Química Medicinal, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Santos-Silva AP, Andrade MN, Pereira-Rodrigues P, Paiva-Melo FD, Soares P, Graceli JB, Dias GRM, Ferreira ACF, de Carvalho DP, Miranda-Alves L. Frontiers in endocrine disruption: Impacts of organotin on the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2018; 460:246-257. [PMID: 28774778 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Revised: 07/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/29/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Endocrine disruptors (EDs), chemical substances widely used in industry and ubiquitously distributed in the environment, are able to interfere with the synthesis, release, transport, metabolism, receptor binding, action, or elimination of endogenous hormones. EDs affect homeostasis mainly by acting on nuclear and nonnuclear steroid receptors but also on serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine and orphan receptors in addition to thyroid hormone receptors. Tributyltin (TBT), an ED widely used as a pesticide and biocide in antifouling paints, has well-documented actions that include inhibiting aromatase and affecting the nuclear receptors PPARγ and RXR. TBT exposure in humans and experimental models has been shown to mainly affect reproductive function and adipocyte differentiation. Since thyroid hormones play a fundamental role in regulating the basal metabolic rate and energy homeostasis, it is crucial to clarify the effects of TBT on the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis. Therefore, we review herein the main effects of TBT on important metabolic pathways, with emphasis on disruption of the thyroid axis that could contribute to the development of endocrine and metabolic disorders, such as insulin resistance and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Santos-Silva
- Grupo de Pesquisa, Desenvolvimento e Inovação em Endocrinologia Experimental-GPDIEEx, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Pós-graduação em Endocrinologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Laboratório de Fisiologia Endócrina Doris Rosenthal, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcelle Novaes Andrade
- Grupo de Pesquisa, Desenvolvimento e Inovação em Endocrinologia Experimental-GPDIEEx, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Pós-graduação em Endocrinologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Pós-graduação em Farmacologia e Química Medicinal, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Paula Pereira-Rodrigues
- Grupo de Pesquisa, Desenvolvimento e Inovação em Endocrinologia Experimental-GPDIEEx, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Pós-graduação em Endocrinologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Francisca Diana Paiva-Melo
- Grupo de Pesquisa, Desenvolvimento e Inovação em Endocrinologia Experimental-GPDIEEx, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Pós-graduação em Endocrinologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Paula Soares
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, Portugal; Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP) - Cancer Signalling & Metabolism, Porto, Portugal; Medical Faculty, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Department of Pathology and Oncology, Medical Faculty of Porto University, Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Glaecir Roseni Mundstock Dias
- Grupo de Pesquisa, Desenvolvimento e Inovação em Endocrinologia Experimental-GPDIEEx, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Pós-graduação em Endocrinologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Laboratório de Fisiologia Endócrina Doris Rosenthal, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Andrea Claudia Freitas Ferreira
- Grupo de Pesquisa, Desenvolvimento e Inovação em Endocrinologia Experimental-GPDIEEx, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Pós-graduação em Endocrinologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Laboratório de Fisiologia Endócrina Doris Rosenthal, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Polo de Xerém/NUMPEX, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Denise Pires de Carvalho
- Grupo de Pesquisa, Desenvolvimento e Inovação em Endocrinologia Experimental-GPDIEEx, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Pós-graduação em Endocrinologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Laboratório de Fisiologia Endócrina Doris Rosenthal, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Leandro Miranda-Alves
- Grupo de Pesquisa, Desenvolvimento e Inovação em Endocrinologia Experimental-GPDIEEx, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Pós-graduação em Endocrinologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Pós-graduação em Farmacologia e Química Medicinal, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Marques VB, Faria RA, Dos Santos L. Overview of the Pathophysiological Implications of Organotins on the Endocrine System. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:101. [PMID: 29615977 PMCID: PMC5864858 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Organotins (OTs) are pollutants that are used widely by industry as disinfectants, pesticides, and most frequently as biocides in antifouling paints. This mini-review presents the main evidences from the literature about morphophysiological changes induced by OTs in the mammal endocrine system, focusing on the metabolism and reproductive control. Similar to other toxic compounds, the main effects with potential health risks to humans and experimental animals are not only related to dose and time of exposure but also to age, gender, and tissue/cell exposed. Regarding the underlying mechanisms, current literature indicates that OTs can directly damage endocrine glands, as well as interfere with neurohormonal control of endocrine function (i.e., in the hypothalamic-pituitary axis), altering hormone synthesis and/or bioavailability or activity of hormone receptors in the target cells. Importantly, OTs induces biochemical and morphological changes in gonads, abnormal steroidogenesis, both associated with reproductive dysfunctions such as irregular estrous cyclicity in female or spermatogenic disorders in male animals. Additionally, due to their role on endocrine systems predisposing to obesity, OTs are also included in the metabolism disrupting chemical hypothesis, either by central (e.g., accurate nucleus and lateral hypothalamus) or peripheral (e.g., adipose tissue) mechanisms. Thus, OTs should be indeed considered a major endocrine disruptor, being indispensable to understand the main toxic effects on the different tissues and its causative role for endocrine, metabolic, and reproductive dysfunctions observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinicius Bermond Marques
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, Brazil
- Pitagoras College, Guarapari, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Alves Faria
- Department of Health Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, São Mateus, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Dos Santos
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Leonardo Dos Santos,
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Marraudino M, Bonaldo B, Farinetti A, Panzica G, Ponti G, Gotti S. Metabolism Disrupting Chemicals and Alteration of Neuroendocrine Circuits Controlling Food Intake and Energy Metabolism. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:766. [PMID: 30687229 PMCID: PMC6333703 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The metabolism-disrupting chemicals (MDCs) are molecules (largely belonging to the category of endocrine disrupting chemicals, EDCs) that can cause important diseases as the metabolic syndrome, obesity, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus or fatty liver. MDCs act on fat tissue and liver, may regulate gut functions (influencing absorption), but they may also alter the hypothalamic peptidergic circuits that control food intake and energy metabolism. These circuits are normally regulated by several factors, including estrogens, therefore those EDCs that are able to bind estrogen receptors may promote metabolic changes through their action on the same hypothalamic circuits. Here, we discuss data showing how the exposure to some MDCs can alter the expression of neuropeptides within the hypothalamic circuits involved in food intake and energy metabolism. In particular, in this review we have described the effects at hypothalamic level of three known EDCs: Genistein, an isoflavone (phytoestrogen) abundant in soy-based food (a possible new not-synthetic MDC), Bisphenol A (compound involved in the manufacturing of many consumer plastic products), and Tributyltin chloride (one of the most dangerous and toxic endocrine disruptor, used in antifouling paint for boats).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilena Marraudino
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, Turin, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience “Rita Levi-Montalcini”, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Brigitta Bonaldo
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, Turin, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience “Rita Levi-Montalcini”, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Alice Farinetti
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, Turin, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience “Rita Levi-Montalcini”, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - GianCarlo Panzica
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, Turin, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience “Rita Levi-Montalcini”, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- *Correspondence: GianCarlo Panzica
| | - Giovanna Ponti
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, Turin, Italy
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Stefano Gotti
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, Turin, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience “Rita Levi-Montalcini”, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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Lagadic L, Katsiadaki I, Biever R, Guiney PD, Karouna-Renier N, Schwarz T, Meador JP. Tributyltin: Advancing the Science on Assessing Endocrine Disruption with an Unconventional Endocrine-Disrupting Compound. REVIEWS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2018; 245:65-127. [PMID: 29119384 DOI: 10.1007/398_2017_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Tributyltin (TBT) has been recognized as an endocrine disrupting chemical (EDC) for several decades. However, only in the last decade, was its primary endocrine mechanism of action (MeOA) elucidated-interactions with the nuclear retinoid-X receptor (RXR), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), and their heterodimers. This molecular initiating event (MIE) alters a range of reproductive, developmental, and metabolic pathways at the organism level. It is noteworthy that a variety of MeOAs have been proposed over the years for the observed endocrine-type effects of TBT; however, convincing data for the MIE was provided only recently and now several researchers have confirmed and refined the information on this MeOA. One of the most important lessons learned from years of research on TBT concerns apparent species sensitivity. Several aspects such as the rates of uptake and elimination, chemical potency, and metabolic capacity are all important for identifying the most sensitive species for a given chemical, including EDCs. For TBT, much of this was discovered by trial and error, hence important relationships and important sensitive taxa were not identified until several decades after its introduction to the environment. As recognized for many years, TBT-induced responses are known to occur at very low concentrations for molluscs, a fact that has more recently also been observed in fish species. This review explores the MeOA and effects of TBT in different species (aquatic molluscs and other invertebrates, fish, amphibians, birds, and mammals) according to the OECD Conceptual Framework for Endocrine Disruptor Testing and Assessment (CFEDTA). The information gathered on biological effects that are relevant for populations of aquatic animals was used to construct Species Sensitivity Distributions (SSDs) based on No Observed Effect Concentrations (NOECs) and Lowest Observed Effect Concentrations (LOECs). Fish appear at the lower end of these distributions, showing that they are as sensitive as molluscs, and for some species, even more sensitive. Concentrations in the range of 1 ng/L for water exposure (10 ng/g for whole-body burden) have been shown to elicit endocrine-type responses, whereas mortality occurs at water concentrations ten times higher. Current screening and assessment methodologies as compiled in the OECD CFEDTA are able to identify TBT as a potent endocrine disruptor with a high environmental risk for the original use pattern. If those approaches had been available when TBT was introduced to the market, it is likely that its use would have been regulated sooner, thus avoiding the detrimental effects on marine gastropod populations and communities as documented over several decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Lagadic
- Bayer AG, Research and Development, Crop Science Division, Environmental Safety, Alfred-Nobel-Straße 50, Monheim am Rhein, 40789, Germany.
| | - Ioanna Katsiadaki
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Barrack Road, The Nothe, Weymouth, Dorset, DT4 8UB, UK
| | - Ron Biever
- Smithers Viscient, 790 Main Street, Wareham, MA, 02571, USA
| | - Patrick D Guiney
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53705-2222, USA
| | - Natalie Karouna-Renier
- USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, BARC East Bldg 308, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA
| | - Tamar Schwarz
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Barrack Road, The Nothe, Weymouth, Dorset, DT4 8UB, UK
| | - James P Meador
- Environmental and Fisheries Sciences Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, WA, 98112, USA
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Rajamani U, Gross AR, Ocampo C, Andres AM, Gottlieb RA, Sareen D. Endocrine disruptors induce perturbations in endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria of human pluripotent stem cell derivatives. Nat Commun 2017; 8:219. [PMID: 28794470 PMCID: PMC5550485 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00254-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Persistent exposure to man-made endocrine disrupting chemicals during fetal endocrine development may lead to disruption of metabolic homeostasis contributing to childhood obesity. Limited cellular platforms exist to test endocrine disrupting chemical-induced developmental abnormalities in human endocrine tissues. Here we use an human-induced pluripotent stem cell-based platform to demonstrate adverse impacts of obesogenic endocrine disrupting chemicals in the developing endocrine system. We delineate the effects upon physiological low-dose exposure to ubiquitous endocrine disrupting chemicals including, perfluoro-octanoic acid, tributyltin, and butylhydroxytoluene, in endocrine-active human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived foregut epithelial cells and hypothalamic neurons. Endocrine disrupting chemicals induce endoplasmic reticulum stress, perturb NF-κB, and p53 signaling, and diminish mitochondrial respiratory gene expression, spare respiratory capacity, and ATP levels. As a result, normal production and secretion of appetite control hormones, PYY, α-MSH, and CART, are hampered. Blocking NF-κB rescues endocrine disrupting chemical-induced aberrant mitochondrial phenotypes and endocrine dysregulation, but not ER-stress and p53-phosphorylation changes.Harmful chemicals that disrupt the endocrine system and hormone regulation have been associated with obesity. Here the authors apply a human pluripotent stem cell-based platform to study the effects of such compounds on developing gut endocrine and neuroendocrine systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uthra Rajamani
- Board of Governors-Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Andrew R Gross
- Board of Governors-Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Camille Ocampo
- Board of Governors-Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Allen M Andres
- Metabolism and Mitochondrial Research Core, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA.,Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Roberta A Gottlieb
- Metabolism and Mitochondrial Research Core, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA.,Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Dhruv Sareen
- Board of Governors-Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA. .,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA. .,Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA. .,iPSC Core, The David Janet Polak Foundation Stem Cell Core Laboratory, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA.
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Badr El Dine FMM, Nabil IM, Dwedar FI. The effect of Tributyltin on thyroid follicular cells of adult male albino rats and the possible protective role of green tea: a toxicological, histological and biochemical study. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES 2017; 7:7. [PMID: 28781899 PMCID: PMC5514189 DOI: 10.1186/s41935-017-0012-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Tributyltin is one of the important and wide-spread persistent organic contaminants that accumulate in the food chain. It is suspected to cause endocrine-disrupting effects in mammals, due in part to its possible transfer through marine food chains and to the consumption of contaminated seafood. Aim of the work Was to study the possible toxic effect of Tributyltin on thyroid follicular cells of adult male albino rats and to evaluate the possible protective role of green tea. Material and methods Forty-five adult male albino rats were included and randomly divided into 3 equal groups: a control group (Group I); Group II: received tributyltin chloride (TBT) dissolved in corn oil orally in a dose of 5 mg/kg for 30 days. Group III: received tributyltin chloride in the same dose with concomitant oral administration of green tea extract for 30 days. At the end of the experiment, the animals were sacrificed and blood samples were subjected to hormonal assay for T3, T4 and TSH levels. Malondialdehyde and reduced glutathione were assessed. The thyroid tissue was processed for histological and ultrastructure examination. The colloid area of thyroid follicles was evaluated morphometrically and statistically analyzed. Results A significant decrease in T3 and T4 levels and serum reduced glutathione in the group II when compared with the other groups. Furthermore, a significant increase in serum Malondialdehyde and TSH levels was recorded in group II treated group by comparison to the other two groups. Histopathological and ultrastructural changes of thyroid gland follicles were detected in tributyltin treated rats; the follicular cells appeared swollen and vacuolated. Epithelial stratification was noticed in some foci with excessive vacuolation of the colloid. Dilated rough endoplasmic reticulum filled with flocculent material and increased number of lysosomes were also detected together with variation in shape and size of the nuclei. A marked improvement in the histological features of thyroid follicles was noticed in group III. Conclusion Tributyltin induces oxidative stress in rats as well as anti-thyroid effect. The green tea extract is useful in combating tissue injury that is a result of tributyltin toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma M M Badr El Dine
- Departments of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Champollion Street, El- Khartoum Square, Azarita Medical Campus, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Iman M Nabil
- Histology and cell biology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Fatma I Dwedar
- Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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2,4,6-Tribromophenol Interferes with the Thyroid Hormone System by Regulating Thyroid Hormones and the Responsible Genes in Mice. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2016; 13:ijerph13070697. [PMID: 27420076 PMCID: PMC4962238 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13070697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Revised: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
2,4,6-Tribromophenol (TBP) is a brominated flame retardant (BFR). Based on its affinity for transthyretin, TBP could compete with endogenous thyroid hormone. In this study, the effects of TBP on the thyroid hormone system were assessed in mice. Briefly, animals were exposed to 40 and 250 mg/kg TBP. Thyroid hormones were also administered with or without TBP. When mice were treated with TBP, deiodinase 1 (Dio1) and thyroid hormone receptor β isoform 2 (Thrβ2) decreased in the pituitary gland. The levels of deiodinase 2 (Dio2) and growth hormone (Gh) mRNA increased in response to 250 mg/kg of TBP, and the relative mRNA level of thyroid stimulating hormone β (Tshβ) increased in the pituitary gland. Dio1 and Thrβ1 expression in the liver were not altered, while Dio1 decreased in response to co-treatment with thyroid hormones. The thyroid gland activity decreased in response to TBP, as did the levels of free triiodothyronine and free thyroxine in serum. Taken together, these findings indicate that TBP can disrupt thyroid hormone homeostasis and the presence of TBP influenced thyroid actions as regulators of gene expression. These data suggest that TBP interferes with thyroid hormone systems
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Mengeling BJ, Murk AJ, Furlow JD. Trialkyltin Rexinoid-X Receptor Agonists Selectively Potentiate Thyroid Hormone Induced Programs of Xenopus laevis Metamorphosis. Endocrinology 2016; 157:2712-23. [PMID: 27167774 DOI: 10.1210/en.2016-1062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The trialkyltins tributyltin (TBT) and triphenyltin (TPT) can function as rexinoid-X receptor (RXR) agonists. We recently showed that RXR agonists can alter thyroid hormone (TH) signaling in a mammalian pituitary TH-responsive reporter cell line, GH3.TRE-Luc. The prevalence of TBT and TPT in the environment prompted us to test whether they could also affect TH signaling. Both trialkyltins induced the integrated luciferase reporter alone and potentiated TH activation at low doses. Trimethyltin, which is not an RXR agonist, did not. We turned to a simple, robust, and specific in vivo model system of TH action: metamorphosis of Xenopus laevis, the African clawed frog. Using a precocious metamorphosis assay, we found that 1nM TBT and TPT, but not trimethyltin, greatly potentiated the effect of TH treatment on resorption phenotypes of the tail, which is lost at metamorphosis, and in the head, which undergoes extensive remodeling including gill loss. Consistent with these responses, TH-induced caspase-3 activation in the tail was enhanced by cotreatment with TBT. Induction of a transgenic reporter gene and endogenous collagenase 3 (mmp13) and fibroblast-activating protein-α (fap) genes were not induced by TBT alone, but TH induction was significantly potentiated by TBT. However, induction of other TH receptor target genes such as TRβ and deiodinase 3 by TH were not affected by TBT cotreatment. These data indicate that trialkyltins that can function as RXR agonists can selectively potentiate gene expression and resultant morphological programs directed by TH signaling in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda J Mengeling
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior (B.J.M., J.D.F.), University of California Davis, Davis, California 95695; and Marine Animal Ecology Group (A.J.M.), Wageningen University, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Albertinka J Murk
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior (B.J.M., J.D.F.), University of California Davis, Davis, California 95695; and Marine Animal Ecology Group (A.J.M.), Wageningen University, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - J David Furlow
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior (B.J.M., J.D.F.), University of California Davis, Davis, California 95695; and Marine Animal Ecology Group (A.J.M.), Wageningen University, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands
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29
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Li M, Cao C, Li S, Gui W, Zhu G. Thyroid endocrine disruption of azocyclotin to Xenopus laevis during metamorphosis. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2016; 43:61-67. [PMID: 26970056 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2016.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Revised: 02/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Organotin compounds are ubiquitous contaminants that are frequently detected in the environment and in biota, which raises concern about their risk to wildlife and human health. In the present study, Nieuwkoop & Faber stage 51 Xenopus laevis tadpoles were exposed to different concentrations of azocyclotin (0, 0.02, 0.1 and 0.5μg/L) for 21 days, during which time the tadpoles underwent morphological development. Exposure to azocyclotin caused an inhibitory effect on the pre-metamorphic development of X. laevis (e.g., a shortened hind limb length). Azocyclotin induced an alteration of the triiodothyronine (T3) content, which indicated thyroid endocrine disruption. Real-time PCR was performed to examine the expression levels of the genes involved in the thyroid hormone (TH) signaling pathway. Significant down-regulation of the type 2 deiodinase gene was observed, which may be partially responsible for the decreased T3 concentrations. Furthermore, the expression of T3 responsive genes, including thyroid hormone receptor, basic transcription element binding protein, 2tromelysins-3 and matrix metalloproteinase 2, were down-regulated in tadpoles, suggesting that azocyclotin induced a decrease in the T3 contents and, in turn, affected the mRNA expression of downstream genes involved in multiple physiological responses. Chemical analysis showed that azocyclotin could accumulate in X. laevis after 21 days of exposure. In conclusion, the results of the present study showed that azocyclotin could alter the mRNA expression of genes involved in TH signaling as well as the thyroid hormone concentrations in X. laevis tadpoles, leading to endocrine disruption of thyroid system, and that azocyclotin had obvious inhibitory effects on X. laevis metamorphosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Li
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Chuyan Cao
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Shuying Li
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Wenjun Gui
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China.
| | - Guonian Zhu
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
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Benvenga S, Antonelli A, Vita R. Thyroid nodules and thyroid autoimmunity in the context of environmental pollution. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2015; 16:319-40. [PMID: 26825072 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-016-9327-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Evidence suggests that in most industrialized countries autoimmune disorders, including chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis, are increasing. This increase parallels the one regarding differentiated thyroid cancer, the increment of which is mainly due to the papillary histotype. A number of studies have pointed to an association between chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis and differentiated thyroid cancer. The upward trend of these two thyroid diseases is sustained by certain environmental factors, such as polluting substances acting as endocrine disrupting chemicals. Herein we will review the experimental and clinical literature that highlights the effects of environmental and occupational exposure to polluting chemicals in the development of autoimmune thyroid disease or differentiated thyroid cancer. Stakeholders, starting from policymarkers, should become more sensitive to the consequences for the thyroid resulting from exposure to EDC. Indeed, the economic burden resulting from such consequences has not been quantified thus far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Benvenga
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Policlinico G. Martino, Padiglione H, 4 piano, via Consolare Valeria, 98125, Messina, Italy.
- Master Program on Childhood, Adolescent and Women's Endocrine Health, University of Messina School of Medicine, Messina, Italy.
- Interdepartmental Program of Molecular and Clinical Endocrinology, and Women's Endocrine Health, University Hospital Policlinico G. Martino, Messina, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Antonelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Roberto Vita
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Policlinico G. Martino, Padiglione H, 4 piano, via Consolare Valeria, 98125, Messina, Italy
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