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Shoman N, Solomonova E, Akimov A. Combined effect of light and glyphosate herbicide on growth rate of marine diatom algae. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2024:10.1007/s10646-024-02759-7. [PMID: 38760613 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-024-02759-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
The effect of glyphosate herbicide at concentrations of 25, 100, 150 and 200 μg.L-1 on growth characteristics of diatoms C. caspia and T. weissflogii under accumulative growth conditions was investigated. Increasing herbicide concentration in the medium resulted in growth suppression of both species and decreased the final abundance of the cultures in the stationary growth phase. The calculated concentrations of herbicide EC10 and EC50 (10 and 90 μg.L-1 for C. caspia and 7 and 25 μg·L-1 for T. weissflogii, respectively) led to a 10 and 50% reduction in the abundance of the studied cultures relative to the control, are ecologically significant and correspond to the values recorded in aquatic areas. The combined effect of light (in the range of 20-250 µE.m-2.s-1) and glyphosate (calculated concentrations of EC10 and EC50) on the growth characteristics of microalgae was evaluated. An increase in algal sensitivity to light was observed with glyphosate exposure. In both species, the increase in the concentration of glyphosate in the medium led to a decrease in the initial angle of slope of the light curve of growth under conditions of light limitation, a reduction in the value of light saturation of growth, narrowing of the boundaries of the light optimum and an increase in the degree of light inhibition. It is shown that the effect of the combined action of light and glyphosate exceeds the sum of the effects of each factor. This fact should be taken into account in ecotoxicological monitoring when assessing the risks of glyphosate ingress into aquatic ecosystems. An increase in glyphosate concentration in water during periods with high values of solar insolation is potentially dangerous due to a decrease in the photosynthetic activity of algae and a reduction in diatom algae abundance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Shoman
- A.O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas of RAS, 2, Nakhimov Avе., Sevastopol, Russia.
| | - Ekaterina Solomonova
- A.O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas of RAS, 2, Nakhimov Avе., Sevastopol, Russia
| | - Arkady Akimov
- A.O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas of RAS, 2, Nakhimov Avе., Sevastopol, Russia
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2
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Pereira AM, Martins AO, Batista-Silva W, Condori-Apfata JA, Silva VF, Oliveira LA, Andrade ES, Martins SCV, Medeiros DB, Nascimento VL, Fernie AR, Nunes-Nesi A, Araújo WL. Differential content of leaf and fruit pigment in tomatoes culminate in a complex metabolic reprogramming without growth impacts. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 293:154170. [PMID: 38271894 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2024.154170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Although significant efforts to produce carotenoid-enriched foods either by biotechnology or traditional breeding strategies have been carried out, our understanding of how changes in the carotenoid biosynthesis might affect overall plant performance remains limited. Here, we investigate how the metabolic machinery of well characterized tomato carotenoid mutant plants [namely crimson (old gold-og), Delta carotene (Del) and tangerine (t)] adjusts itself to varying carotenoid biosynthesis and whether these adjustments are supported by a reprogramming of photosynthetic and central metabolism in the source organs (leaves). We observed that mutations og, Del and t did not greatly affect vegetative growth, leaf anatomy and gas exchange parameters. However, an exquisite metabolic reprogramming was recorded on the leaves, with an increase in levels of amino acids and reduction of organic acids. Taken together, our results show that despite minor impacts on growth and gas exchange, carbon flux is extensively affected, leading to adjustments in tomato leaves metabolism to support changes in carotenoid biosynthesis on fruits (sinks). We discuss these data in the context of our current understanding of metabolic adjustments and carotenoid biosynthesis as well as regarding to improving human nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Auderlan M Pereira
- National Institute of Science and Technology on Plant Physiology Under Stress Conditions, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Auxiliadora O Martins
- National Institute of Science and Technology on Plant Physiology Under Stress Conditions, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - William Batista-Silva
- National Institute of Science and Technology on Plant Physiology Under Stress Conditions, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Jorge A Condori-Apfata
- National Institute of Science and Technology on Plant Physiology Under Stress Conditions, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Victor F Silva
- National Institute of Science and Technology on Plant Physiology Under Stress Conditions, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Leonardo A Oliveira
- National Institute of Science and Technology on Plant Physiology Under Stress Conditions, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Eduarda Santos Andrade
- Setor de Fisiologia Vegetal - Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais, 37200-000, Brazil
| | - Samuel C V Martins
- National Institute of Science and Technology on Plant Physiology Under Stress Conditions, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - David B Medeiros
- National Institute of Science and Technology on Plant Physiology Under Stress Conditions, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Vitor L Nascimento
- Setor de Fisiologia Vegetal - Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais, 37200-000, Brazil
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam Golm, Germany
| | - Adriano Nunes-Nesi
- National Institute of Science and Technology on Plant Physiology Under Stress Conditions, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Wagner L Araújo
- National Institute of Science and Technology on Plant Physiology Under Stress Conditions, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil.
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3
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Ren S, Yuan Y, Wang H, Zhang Y. G2-LIKE CAROTENOID REGULATOR (SlGCR) is a positive regulator of lutein biosynthesis in tomato. ABIOTECH 2022; 3:267-280. [PMID: 36533268 PMCID: PMC9755792 DOI: 10.1007/s42994-022-00088-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Lutein is an oxygen-containing carotenoid synthesized in plant chloroplasts and chromoplasts. It plays an indispensable role in promoting plant growth and maintaining eye health in humans. The rate-limiting step of lutein biosynthesis is catalyzed by the lycopene ε-cyclase enzyme (LCYE). Although great progress has been made in the identification of transcription factors involved in the lutein biosynthetic pathway, many systematic molecular mechanisms remain to be elucidated. Here, using co-expression analysis, we identified a gene, G2-LIKE CAROTENOID REGULATOR (SlGCR), encoding a GARP G2-like transcription factor, as the potential regulator of SlLCYE in tomato. Silencing of SlGCR reduced the expression of carotenoid biosynthetic genes and the accumulation of carotenoids in tomato leaves. By contrast, overexpression of SlGCR in tomato fruit significantly increased the expression of relevant genes and enhanced the accumulation of carotenoids. SlGCR can directly bind to the SlLCYE promoter and activate its expression. In addition, we also discovered that expression of SlGCR was negatively regulated by the master regulator SlRIN, thereby inhibiting lutein synthesis during tomato fruit ripening. Taken together, we identified SlGCR as a novel regulator involved in tomato lutein biosynthesis, elucidated the regulatory mechanism, and provided a potential tool for tomato lutein metabolic engineering. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s42994-022-00088-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyan Ren
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064 China
| | - Yong Yuan
- Sanya Institute of China Agricultural University, Sanya, 572025 China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Hsihua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064 China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064 China
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4
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Wu Y, Yuan Y, Jiang W, Zhang X, Ren S, Wang H, Zhang X, Zhang Y. Enrichment of health-promoting lutein and zeaxanthin in tomato fruit through metabolic engineering. Synth Syst Biotechnol 2022; 7:1159-1166. [PMID: 36101899 PMCID: PMC9445293 DOI: 10.1016/j.synbio.2022.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Carotenoids constitute a large group of natural pigments widely distributed in nature. These compounds not only provide fruits and flowers with distinctive colors, but also have significant health benefits for humans. Lutein and zeaxanthin, both oxygen-containing carotenoids, are considered to play vital roles in promoting ocular development and maintaining eye health. However, humans and mammals cannot synthesize these carotenoid derivatives, which can only be taken from certain fruits or vegetables. Here, by introducing four endogenous synthetic genes, SlLCYE, SlLCYB, SlHYDB, and SlHYDE under fruit-specific promoters, we report the metabolic engineering of lutein/zeaxanthin biosynthesis in tomato fruit. Transgenic lines overexpression of one (SlLCYE), two (SlLCYE and SlLCYB; SlLCYB and SlHYDB), and all these four synthetic genes re-established the lutein/zeaxanthin biosynthetic pathways in the ripe tomato fruit and thus resulted in various types of carotenoid riched lines. Metabolic analyses of these engineered tomato fruits showed the strategy involved expression of SlLCYE tends to produce α-carotene and lutein, as well as a higher content of β-carotene and zeaxanthin was detected in lines overexpressing SlLCYB. In addition, the different combinations of engineered tomatoes with riched carotenoids showed higher antioxidant capacity and were associated with a significantly extended shelf life during postharvest storage. This work provides a successful example of accurate metabolic engineering in tomato fruit, suggesting the potential utility for synthetic biology to improve agronomic traits in crops. These biofortified tomato fruits could be also exploited as new research subjects for studying the health benefits of carotenoid derivatives.
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Comparative Transcriptomic and Metabolic Analyses Reveal the Coordinated Mechanisms in Pinus koraiensis under Different Light Stress Conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179556. [PMID: 36076949 PMCID: PMC9455776 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Light is one of the most important environmental cues that affects plant development and regulates its behavior. Light stress directly inhibits physiological responses and plant tissue development and even induces mortality in plants. Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis) is an evergreen conifer species widely planted in northeast China that has important economic and ecological value. However, the effects of light stress on the growth and development of Korean pine are still unclear. In this study, the effects of different shading conditions on physiological indices, molecular mechanisms and metabolites of Korean pine were explored. The results showed that auxin, gibberellin and abscisic acid were significantly increased under all shading conditions compared with the control. The contents of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll and carotenoid also increased as the shading degree increased. Moreover, a total of 8556, 3751 and 6990 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were found between the control and HS (heavy shade), control and LS (light shade), LS vs. HS, respectively. Notably, most DEGs were assigned to pathways of phytohormone signaling, photosynthesis, carotenoid and flavonoid biosynthesis under light stress. The transcription factors MYB-related, AP2-ERF and bHLH specifically increased expression during light stress. A total of 911 metabolites were identified, and 243 differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) were detected, among which flavonoid biosynthesis (naringenin chalcone, dihydrokaempferol and kaempferol) metabolites were significantly different under light stress. These results will provide a theoretical basis for the response of P. koraiensis to different light stresses.
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Arias D, Ortega A, González-Calquin C, Quiroz LF, Moreno-Romero J, Martínez-García JF, Stange C. Development and carotenoid synthesis in dark-grown carrot taproots require PHYTOCHROME RAPIDLY REGULATED1. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 189:1450-1465. [PMID: 35266544 PMCID: PMC9237741 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Light stimulates carotenoid synthesis in plants during photomorphogenesis through the expression of PHYTOENE SYNTHASE (PSY), a key gene in carotenoid biosynthesis. The orange carrot (Daucus carota) synthesizes and accumulates high amounts of carotenoids in the taproot that grows underground. Contrary to other organs, light impairs carrot taproot development and represses the expression of carotenogenic genes, such as DcPSY1 and DcPSY2, reducing carotenoid accumulation. By means of RNA sequencing, in a previous analysis, we observed that carrot PHYTOCHROME RAPIDLY REGULATED1 (DcPAR1) is more highly expressed in the underground grown taproot compared with those grown in light. PAR1 is a transcriptional cofactor with a negative role in shade avoidance syndrome regulation in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) through the dimerization with PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTORs (PIFs), allowing a moderate synthesis of carotenoids. Here, we show that overexpressing AtPAR1 in carrot increases carotenoid production in taproots grown underground as well as DcPSY1 expression. The high expression of AtPAR1 and DcPAR1 led us to hypothesize a functional role of DcPAR1 that was verified through in vivo binding to AtPIF7 and overexpression in Arabidopsis, where AtPSY expression and carotenoid accumulation increased together with a photomorphogenic phenotype. Finally, DcPAR1 antisense carrot lines presented a dramatic decrease in carotenoid levels and in relative expression of key carotenogenic genes as well as impaired taproot development. These results suggest that DcPAR1 is a key factor for secondary root development and carotenoid synthesis in carrot taproot grown underground.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Arias
- Centro de Biología Molecular Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Angélica Ortega
- Centro de Biología Molecular Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Luis Felipe Quiroz
- Centro de Biología Molecular Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jordi Moreno-Romero
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute for Plant Molecular and Cell Biology (IBMCP), CSIC-UPV, Universitat Politècnica de València, València, Spain
| | - Jaime F Martínez-García
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute for Plant Molecular and Cell Biology (IBMCP), CSIC-UPV, Universitat Politècnica de València, València, Spain
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7
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Xing S, Zhu H, Zhou Y, Xue L, Wei Z, Wang Y, He S, Zhang H, Gao S, Zhao N, Zhai H, Liu Q. A cytochrome P450 superfamily gene, IbCYP82D47, increases carotenoid contents in transgenic sweet potato. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 318:111233. [PMID: 35351305 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The cytochrome P450 superfamily (CYP450) is one of the largest protein families in plants, and its members play diverse roles in primary and secondary metabolic biosynthesis. In this study, the CYP450 family gene IbCYP82D47 was cloned from the high carotenoid line HVB-3 of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas). The IbCYP82D47 protein harbored two transmembrane domains and dynamically localized between plastid stroma and membrane. Overexpression of IbCYP82D47 not only increased total carotenoid, lutein, zeaxanthin and violaxanthin contents by 32.2-48.0%, 10.5-13.3%, 40.2-136% and 82.4-106%, respectively, but also increased the number of carotenoid globules in sweet potato storage roots. Furthermore, genes associated with the carotenoid biosynthesis (IbDXS, IbPSY, IbLCYE, IbBCH, IbZEP) were upregulated in transgenic sweet potato. In addition, IbCYP82D47 physically interacts with geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase 12 (IbGGPPS12). Our findings suggest that IbCYP82D47 increases carotenoid contents by interacting with the carotenoid biosynthesis related protein IbGGPPS12, and influencing the expressions of carotenoid biosynthesis related genes in transgenic sweet potato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihan Xing
- Key Laboratory of Sweet Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hong Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Sweet Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Sweet Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Luyao Xue
- Key Laboratory of Sweet Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zihao Wei
- Key Laboratory of Sweet Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yuxin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Sweet Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shaozhen He
- Key Laboratory of Sweet Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Sweet Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shaopei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Sweet Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ning Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Sweet Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hong Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Sweet Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Qingchang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Sweet Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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8
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Pigment-Related Mutations Greatly Affect Berry Metabolome in San Marzano Tomatoes. HORTICULTURAE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae8020120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The study describes the alterations in metabolomic profiles of four tomato fruit mutations introgressed into Solanum lycopersicum cv. San Marzano, a well-known Italian traditional variety. Three lines carrying variants affecting the content of all pigments, high pigment-1 (hp-1), hp-2, pigment diluter (pd), and a combination of Anthocyanin fruit and atroviolaceum (Aft_atv), were selected, and characterized. Biochemical analysis of 44 non-polar, 133 polar, and 65 volatile metabolites in ripe fruits revealed a wide range of differences between the variant lines and the recurrent parent San Marzano. Among non-polar compounds, many carotenoids, plastoquinones, and tocopherols increased in the fruit of high pigment lines, as well as in Aft_atv, whose β-carotene levels increased too. Interestingly, pd displayed enriched levels of xanthophylls (all-trans-neoxanthin and luteoxanthin) but, simultaneously, decreased levels of α-and β-/γ-tocopherols. Looking at the metabolites in the polar fraction, a significant decrease in sugar profile was observed in hp-1, pd, and Aft_atv. Conversely, many vitamins and organic acids increased in the hp-2 and Aft_atv lines, respectively. Overall, phenylpropanoids was the metabolic group with the highest extent of polar changes, with considerable increases of many compounds mainly in the case of Aft_atv, followed by the pd and hp-2 lines. Finally, several flavor-related compounds were found to be modified in all mutants, mostly due to increased levels in many benzenoid, lipid, and phenylalanine derivative volatiles, which are associated with sweeter taste and better aroma. Construction of metabolic maps, interaction networks, and correlation matrices gave an integrated representation of the large effect of single variants on the tomato fruit metabolome. In conclusion, the identified differences in the mutated lines might contribute to generating novel phenotypes in the traditional San Marzano type, with increased desirable nutraceutical and organoleptic properties.
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Zhao X, Zhang X, Liu J, Li D, Tao Y, Tian Y, Li P, Sun S, Liu D. Identification of key enzymes involved in the accumulation of carotenoids during fruit ripening of
Lycium barbarum
L. by a proteomic approach. Int J Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.15279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolu Zhao
- School of Food & Wine Ningxia University Yinchuan 750021 China
| | - Xikang Zhang
- School of Agriculture Ningxia University Yinchuan 750021 China
| | - Jun Liu
- School of Agriculture Ningxia University Yinchuan 750021 China
| | - Dongdong Li
- School of Agriculture Ningxia University Yinchuan 750021 China
| | - Yingmei Tao
- School of Agriculture Ningxia University Yinchuan 750021 China
| | - Yutan Tian
- School of Food & Wine Ningxia University Yinchuan 750021 China
| | - Peipei Li
- School of Food & Wine Ningxia University Yinchuan 750021 China
| | - Shaoyi Sun
- School of Food & Wine Ningxia University Yinchuan 750021 China
| | - Dunhua Liu
- School of Food & Wine Ningxia University Yinchuan 750021 China
- School of Agriculture Ningxia University Yinchuan 750021 China
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Cruz CES, de Freitas-Silva L, Ribeiro C, da Silva LC. Physiological and morphoanatomical effects of glyphosate in Eugenia uniflora, a Brazilian plant species native to the Atlantic Forest biome. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:21334-21346. [PMID: 33411283 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-12003-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The herbicide glyphosate can cause severe ecotoxicological effects on non-target organisms. Eugenia uniflora L. (Myrtaceae) is very important for in situ environmental biomonitoring due to its wide distribution in the Atlantic Forest biome. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the response of E. uniflora leaves to glyphosate. Eight-month-old plants were exposed to an aerial application of the herbicide at concentrations of 0, 144, 432, 864, and 1440 g a. e. ha-1 (grams of acid equivalent per hectare). Evaluations were performed on the 12th day after the glyphosate application (DAA). An accumulation of shikimic acid in the leaves of E. uniflora was observed. Glyphosate altered the photosynthetic parameters of the treated plants, with a drastic decrease in the photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration, and pigment content. There was an increase in Ci/Ca, lipid peroxidation, and electrolyte extravasation levels. Glyphosate also promoted ultrastructural, anatomical and visible damage to the E. uniflora leaves. Our findings indicate that glyphosate is phytotoxic to the native species E. uniflora at the tested doses. The presence of visible damage suggests that E. uniflora has remarkable potential as a bioindicator of glyphosate in the environment, making it a possible species for future biomonitoring projects.
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11
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García-Gómez BE, Salazar JA, Nicolás-Almansa M, Razi M, Rubio M, Ruiz D, Martínez-Gómez P. Molecular Bases of Fruit Quality in Prunus Species: An Integrated Genomic, Transcriptomic, and Metabolic Review with a Breeding Perspective. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:E333. [PMID: 33396946 PMCID: PMC7794732 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In plants, fruit ripening is a coordinated developmental process that requires the change in expression of hundreds to thousands of genes to modify many biochemical and physiological signal cascades such as carbohydrate and organic acid metabolism, cell wall restructuring, ethylene production, stress response, and organoleptic compound formation. In Prunus species (including peaches, apricots, plums, and cherries), fruit ripening leads to the breakdown of complex carbohydrates into sugars, fruit firmness reductions (softening by cell wall degradation and cuticle properties alteration), color changes (loss of green color by chlorophylls degradation and increase in non-photosynthetic pigments like anthocyanins and carotenoids), acidity decreases, and aroma increases (the production and release of organic volatile compounds). Actually, the level of information of molecular events at the transcriptional, biochemical, hormonal, and metabolite levels underlying ripening in Prunus fruits has increased considerably. However, we still poorly understand the molecular switch that occurs during the transition from unripe to ripe fruits. The objective of this review was to analyze of the molecular bases of fruit quality in Prunus species through an integrated metabolic, genomic, transcriptomic, and epigenetic approach to better understand the molecular switch involved in the ripening process with important consequences from a breeding point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz E. García-Gómez
- Department of Plant Breeding, CEBAS-CSIC, P.O. Box 164, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (B.E.G.-G.); (J.A.S.); (M.N.-A.); (M.R.); (D.R.)
| | - Juan A. Salazar
- Department of Plant Breeding, CEBAS-CSIC, P.O. Box 164, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (B.E.G.-G.); (J.A.S.); (M.N.-A.); (M.R.); (D.R.)
| | - María Nicolás-Almansa
- Department of Plant Breeding, CEBAS-CSIC, P.O. Box 164, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (B.E.G.-G.); (J.A.S.); (M.N.-A.); (M.R.); (D.R.)
| | - Mitra Razi
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zajan, Zanjan 45371-38791, Iran;
| | - Manuel Rubio
- Department of Plant Breeding, CEBAS-CSIC, P.O. Box 164, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (B.E.G.-G.); (J.A.S.); (M.N.-A.); (M.R.); (D.R.)
| | - David Ruiz
- Department of Plant Breeding, CEBAS-CSIC, P.O. Box 164, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (B.E.G.-G.); (J.A.S.); (M.N.-A.); (M.R.); (D.R.)
| | - Pedro Martínez-Gómez
- Department of Plant Breeding, CEBAS-CSIC, P.O. Box 164, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (B.E.G.-G.); (J.A.S.); (M.N.-A.); (M.R.); (D.R.)
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Gerdol M, Visintin A, Kaleb S, Spazzali F, Pallavicini A, Falace A. Gene expression response of the alga Fucus virsoides (Fucales, Ochrophyta) to glyphosate solution exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 267:115483. [PMID: 32889518 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Fucus virsoides is an ecologically important canopy-forming brown algae endemic to the Adriatic Sea. Once widespread in marine coastal areas, this species underwent a rapid population decline and is now confined to small residual areas. Although the reasons behind this progressive disappearance are still a matter of debate, F. virsoides may suffer, like other macroalgae, from the potential toxic effects of glyphosate-based herbicides. Here, through a transcriptomic approach, we investigate the molecular basis of the high susceptibility of this species to glyphosate solution, previously observed at the morphological and eco-physiological levels. By simulating runoff event in a factorial experiment, we exposed F. virsoides to glyphosate (Roundup® 2.0), either alone or in association with nutrient enrichment, highlighting significant alterations of gene expression profiles that were already visible after three days of exposure. In particular, glyphosate exposure determined the near-complete expression shutdown of several genes involved in photosynthesis, protein synthesis and stress response molecular pathways. Curiously, these detrimental effects were partially mitigated by nutrient supplementation, which may explain the survival of relict population in confined areas with high nutrient inputs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Gerdol
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Andrea Visintin
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Sara Kaleb
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Francesca Spazzali
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Alberto Pallavicini
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127, Trieste, Italy; CoNISMa, Piazzale Flaminio 9, 00196, Roma, Italy; Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimentale - OGS, Trieste, Italy
| | - Annalisa Falace
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127, Trieste, Italy; CoNISMa, Piazzale Flaminio 9, 00196, Roma, Italy; Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimentale - OGS, Trieste, Italy.
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13
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Wang X, Song Y, Liu B, Hang W, Li R, Cui H, Li R, Jia X. Enhancement of astaxanthin biosynthesis in Haematococcus pluvialis via inhibition of autophagy by 3-methyladenine under high light. ALGAL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2020.101991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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14
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Pu X, Li Z, Tian Y, Gao R, Hao L, Hu Y, He C, Sun W, Xu M, Peters RJ, Van de Peer Y, Xu Z, Song J. The honeysuckle genome provides insight into the molecular mechanism of carotenoid metabolism underlying dynamic flower coloration. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 227:930-943. [PMID: 32187685 PMCID: PMC7116227 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Lonicera japonica is a widespread member of the Caprifoliaceae (honeysuckle) family utilized in traditional medical practices. This twining vine honeysuckle also is a much-sought ornamental, in part due to its dynamic flower coloration, which changes from white to gold during development. The molecular mechanism underlying dynamic flower coloration in L. japonica was elucidated by integrating whole genome sequencing, transcriptomic analysis and biochemical assays. Here, we report a chromosome-level genome assembly of L. japonica, comprising nine pseudochromosomes with a total size of 843.2 Mb. We also provide evidence for a whole-genome duplication event in the lineage leading to L. japonica, which occurred after its divergence from Dipsacales and Asterales. Moreover, gene expression analysis not only revealed correlated expression of the relevant biosynthetic genes with carotenoid accumulation, but also suggested a role for carotenoid degradation in L. japonica's dynamic flower coloration. The variation of flower color is consistent with not only the observed carotenoid accumulation pattern, but also with the release of volatile apocarotenoids that presumably serve as pollinator attractants. Beyond novel insights into the evolution and dynamics of flower coloration, the high-quality L. japonica genome sequence also provides a foundation for molecular breeding to improve desired characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangdong Pu
- Key Lab of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People’s Republic of China, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ya Tian
- Key Lab of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People’s Republic of China, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ranran Gao
- Key Lab of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People’s Republic of China, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lijun Hao
- Key Lab of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People’s Republic of China, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yating Hu
- Key Lab of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People’s Republic of China, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chunnian He
- Key Lab of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People’s Republic of China, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine Resource, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Meimei Xu
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011-1079, USA
| | - Reuben J. Peters
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011-1079, USA
| | - Yves Van de Peer
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Centre for Microbial Ecology and Genomics, Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhichao Xu
- Key Lab of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People’s Republic of China, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine Resource, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China
- Corresponding Authors: Jingyuan Song: , 86-10-57833199; Zhichao Xu: , 86-10-57833199
| | - Jingyuan Song
- Key Lab of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People’s Republic of China, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine Resource, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China
- Yunnan Branch, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Jinghong 666100, China
- Corresponding Authors: Jingyuan Song: , 86-10-57833199; Zhichao Xu: , 86-10-57833199
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Wang YH, Li T, Zhang RR, Khadr A, Tian YS, Xu ZS, Xiong AS. Transcript profiling of genes involved in carotenoid biosynthesis among three carrot cultivars with various taproot colors. PROTOPLASMA 2020; 257:949-963. [PMID: 31982943 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-020-01482-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Carotenoids are a group of natural pigments that are widely distributed in various plants. Carrots are plants rich in carotenoids and have fleshy roots with different colors. Carotenoid accumulation is a complex regulatory process with important guiding significance for carrot production. In this work, three carrot cultivars with different taproot colors, Hongxinqicun (orange), Benhongjinshi (red), and Tianzi (purple) were chosen as experimental materials to explore the molecular mechanism of carotenoid accumulation in carrot. Results showed that the three carotenoids, namely, α-carotene, β-carotene, and lutein, had accumulated in orange carrot cultivar Hongxinqicun. Lycopene was only detected in the taproots of Benhongjinshi. Lutein was the main carotenoid in Tianzi. Comparison of the carotenoid contents in different tissues of carrot showed that leaf blade was the tissue with the highest carotenoid accumulation. Expression analysis of carotenoid biosynthesis genes and its correlation with carotenoid accumulation confirmed the regulatory role of structural genes in carrots. The high expression of five lycopene synthesis-related genes, DcPSY2, DcPDS, DcZDS1, DcCRT1, DcCRT2, and low expression of DcLCYE may result in the lycopene accumulation in Benhongjinshi. However, the function of certain genes, such as DcPSY1 that was lowly expressed in red carrot, requires further investigation. Our results provided potential insights into the mechanism of carotenoid accumulation in three carrot cultivars with different taproot colors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Hui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Tong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Rong-Rong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Ahmed Khadr
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yong-Sheng Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Zhi-Sheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Ai-Sheng Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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Chen X, Jiang X, Xu M, Zhang M, Huang R, Huang J, Qi F. Co-production of farnesol and coenzyme Q 10 from metabolically engineered Rhodobacter sphaeroides. Microb Cell Fact 2019; 18:98. [PMID: 31151455 PMCID: PMC6544981 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-019-1145-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Farnesol is an acyclic sesquiterpene alcohol present in the essential oils of various plants in nature. It has been reported to be valuable in medical applications, such as alleviation of allergic asthma, gliosis, and edema as well as anti-cancerous and anti-inflammatory effects. Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), an essential cofactor in the aerobic respiratory electron transport chain, has attracted growing interest owing to its clinical benefits and important applications in the pharmaceutical, food, and health industries. In this work, co-production of (E,E)-farnesol (FOH) and CoQ10 was achieved by combining 3 different exogenous terpenes or sesquiterpene synthase with the RNA interference of psy (responsible for phytoene synthesis in Rhodobacter sphaeroides GY-2). RESULTS FOH production was significantly increased by overexpressing exogenous terpene synthase (TPS), phosphatidylglycerophosphatase B (PgpB), and sesquiterpene synthase (ATPS), as well as RNAi-mediated silencing of psy coding phytoene synthase (PSY) in R. sphaeroides strains. Rs-TPS, Rs-ATPS, and Rs-PgpB respectively produced 68.2%, 43.4%, and 21.9% higher FOH titers than that of the control strain. Interestingly, the CoQ10 production of these 3 recombinant R. sphaeroides strains was exactly opposite to that of FOH. However, CoQ10 production was almost unaffected in R. sphaeroides strains modified by psy RNA interference. The highest FOH production of 40.45 mg/L, which was twice as high as that of the control, was obtained from the TPS-PSYi strain, where the exogenous TPS was combined with the weakening of the phytoene synthesis pathway via psy RNA interference. CoQ10 production in TPS-PSYi, ATPS-PSYi, and PgpB-PSYi was decreased and lower than that of the control strain. CONCLUSIONS The original flux that contributed to phytoene synthesis was effectively redirected to provide precursors toward FOH or CoQ10 synthesis via psy RNA interference, which led to weakened carotenoid synthesis. The improved flux that was originally involved in CoQ10 production and phytoene synthesis was redirected toward FOH synthesis via metabolic modification. This is the first reported instance of FOH and CoQ10 co-production in R. sphaeroides using a metabolic engineering strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueduan Chen
- Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microbiology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350117, Fujian, China
| | - Xianzhang Jiang
- Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microbiology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350117, Fujian, China
| | - Man Xu
- Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microbiology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350117, Fujian, China
| | - Mingliang Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microbiology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350117, Fujian, China
| | - Runye Huang
- Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microbiology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350117, Fujian, China
| | - Jianzhong Huang
- Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microbiology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350117, Fujian, China.
| | - Feng Qi
- Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microbiology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350117, Fujian, China. .,Provincial University Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Response and Metabolic Regulation & Fujian Provincial University Engineering Research Center of Industrial Biocatalysis, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350117, Fujian, China.
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17
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Molina-Márquez A, Vila M, Vigara J, Borrero A, León R. The Bacterial Phytoene Desaturase-Encoding Gene ( CRTI) is an Efficient Selectable Marker for the Genetic Transformation of Eukaryotic Microalgae. Metabolites 2019; 9:E49. [PMID: 30871061 PMCID: PMC6468381 DOI: 10.3390/metabo9030049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic manipulation shows great promise to further boost the productivity of microalgae-based compounds. However, selection of microalgal transformants depends mainly on the use of antibiotics, which have raised concerns about their potential impacts on human health and the environment. We propose the use of a synthetic phytoene desaturase-encoding gene (CRTIop) as a selectable marker and the bleaching herbicide norflurazon as a selective agent for the genetic transformation of microalgae. Bacterial phytoene desaturase (CRTI), which, unlike plant and algae phytoene desaturase (PDS), is not sensitive to norflurazon, catalyzes the conversion of the colorless carotenoid phytoene into lycopene. Although the expression of CRTI has been described to increase the carotenoid content in plant cells, its use as a selectable marker has never been testedin algae or in plants. In this study, a version of the CRTI gene adapted to the codon usage of Chlamydomonas has been synthesized, and its suitability to be used as selectable marker has been shown. The microalgae were transformed by the glass bead agitation method and selected in the presence of norflurazon. Average transformation efficiencies of 550 colonies µg-1 DNA were obtained. All the transformants tested had incorporated the CRTIop gene in their genomes and were able to synthesize colored carotenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Molina-Márquez
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Marine International Campus of Excellence (CEIMAR), University of Huelva, 2110 Huelva, Spain.
| | - Marta Vila
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Marine International Campus of Excellence (CEIMAR), University of Huelva, 2110 Huelva, Spain.
- PhycoGenetics SL, C/Joan Miró Nº6, Aljaraque, 21110 Huelva, Spain.
| | - Javier Vigara
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Marine International Campus of Excellence (CEIMAR), University of Huelva, 2110 Huelva, Spain.
| | - Ana Borrero
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Marine International Campus of Excellence (CEIMAR), University of Huelva, 2110 Huelva, Spain.
| | - Rosa León
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Marine International Campus of Excellence (CEIMAR), University of Huelva, 2110 Huelva, Spain.
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18
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Sun D, Zhang Z, Zhang Y, Cheng KW, Chen F. Light induces carotenoids accumulation in a heterotrophic docosahexaenoic acid producing microalga, Crypthecodinium sp. SUN. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 276:177-182. [PMID: 30623873 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.12.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, the effect of various light conditions on carotenoid accumulation in a novel heterotrophic microalga, Crypthecodinium sp. SUN was investigated. The results showed that C. sp. SUN mainly produced γ-carotene and β-carotene. The total carotenoid content could reach to 12.8 mg g-1 dry weight under high light intensity (100 μmol m-2 s-1), which was >100-fold higher than that under dark condition. Besides, along with the light intensity increased, the ROS level in vivo was decreased at 48 h and 72 h. Further study showed that, light could efficiently promote the gene expression of PSY and LCYb, which explain the molecular mechanisms of carotenoids accumulation under light conditions. Meanwhile, slightly inhibited fatty acids accumulation could promote the carotenoids yield. The present work proposed that C. sp. SUN could be a potential carotenoid producer, and provided valuable insight for carotenoids biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongzhe Sun
- Institute for Food & Bioresource Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Nutrition & Health Research Institute, COFCO, Beijing 102209, China
| | - Zhao Zhang
- Institute for Food & Bioresource Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; BIC-ESAT, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- BIC-ESAT, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ka-Wing Cheng
- Institute for Food & Bioresource Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; BIC-ESAT, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Nanshan, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Institute for Food & Bioresource Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; BIC-ESAT, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Nanshan, Shenzhen 518060, China.
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19
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Kang C, He S, Zhai H, Li R, Zhao N, Liu Q. A Sweetpotato Auxin Response Factor Gene ( IbARF5) Is Involved in Carotenoid Biosynthesis and Salt and Drought Tolerance in Transgenic Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1307. [PMID: 30254657 PMCID: PMC6141746 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Auxin response factors (ARFs) compose a family of transcription factors and have been found to play major roles in the process of plant growth and development. However, their roles in plant carotenoid biosynthesis and responses to abiotic stresses are rarely known to date. In the present study, we found that the IbARF5 gene from sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.) line HVB-3 increased the contents of carotenoids and enhanced the tolerance to salt and drought in transgenic Arabidopsis. The transgenic Arabidopsis plants exhibited the increased abscisic acid (ABA) and proline contents and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and the decreased H2O2 content. Furthermore, it was found that IbARF5 positively regulated the genes associated with carotenoid and ABA biosynthesis and abiotic stress responses. These results suggest that IbARF5 is involved in carotenoid biosynthesis and salt and drought tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis. This study provides a novel ARF gene for improving carotenoid contents and salt and drought tolerance of sweetpotato and other plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Kang
- Key Laboratory of Sweetpotato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shaozhen He
- Key Laboratory of Sweetpotato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Sweetpotato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ruijie Li
- Key Laboratory of Sweetpotato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Sweetpotato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Qingchang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Sweetpotato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
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20
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Shang C, Wang W, Zhu S, Wang Z, Qin L, Alam MA, Xie J, Yuan Z. The responses of two genes encoding phytoene synthase (Psy) and phytoene desaturase (Pds) to nitrogen limitation and salinity up-shock with special emphasis on carotenogenesis in Dunaliella parva. ALGAL RES 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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21
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Smedbol É, Gomes MP, Paquet S, Labrecque M, Lepage L, Lucotte M, Juneau P. Effects of low concentrations of glyphosate-based herbicide factor 540 ® on an agricultural stream freshwater phytoplankton community. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 192:133-141. [PMID: 29100121 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.10.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Residual glyphosate from glyphosate based herbicides (GBH) are ubiquitously detected in streams draining agricultural fields, and may affect phytoplankton communities present in these ecosystems. Here, the effects of the exposure (96 h) of a phytoplankton community collected in an agricultural stream to various glyphosate concentrations (1, 5, 10, 50, 100, 500 and 1000 μg l-1) of Factor 540® GBH were investigated. The lowest GBH concentration of 1 μg l-1 reduced chlorophyll a and carotenoid contents. Low glyphosate concentrations, such as 5 and 10 μg l-1, promoted changes in the community's structure and reduced the diversity of the main algal species. At glyphosate concentrations ranging from 50 to 1000 μg l-1, the phytoplankton community's composition was modified and new main species appeared. The highest glyphosate concentrations (500 and 1000 μg l-1) affected the shikimate content, the lipid peroxidation and the activity of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase and ascorbate peroxidase). These results indicate that GBH can modify structural and functional properties of freshwater phytoplankton communities living in streams located in agricultural areas at glyphosate concentrations much inferior to the 800 μg l-1 threshold set by the Canadian guidelines for the protection of aquatic life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Élise Smedbol
- Université du Québec à Montréal, Département des Sciences Biologiques - GRIL - TOXEN, Laboratory of Aquatic Microorganism Ecotoxicology, Succ. Centre-Ville, C.P. 8888, H3C 3P8, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Université du Québec à Montréal, Institut des Sciences de l'environnement & GEOTOP, Succ. Centre-Ville, C.P. 8888, H3C 3P8, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Marcelo Pedrosa Gomes
- Université du Québec à Montréal, Département des Sciences Biologiques - GRIL - TOXEN, Laboratory of Aquatic Microorganism Ecotoxicology, Succ. Centre-Ville, C.P. 8888, H3C 3P8, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Botânica, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Caixa Postal 486, 31270-970, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Serge Paquet
- Université du Québec à Montréal, Institut des Sciences de l'environnement & GEOTOP, Succ. Centre-Ville, C.P. 8888, H3C 3P8, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Michel Labrecque
- Université de Montréal, Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, 4101, Rue Sherbrooke Est, H1X 2B2, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Laurent Lepage
- Université du Québec à Montréal, Institut des Sciences de l'environnement & GEOTOP, Succ. Centre-Ville, C.P. 8888, H3C 3P8, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Marc Lucotte
- Université du Québec à Montréal, Institut des Sciences de l'environnement & GEOTOP, Succ. Centre-Ville, C.P. 8888, H3C 3P8, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Philippe Juneau
- Université du Québec à Montréal, Département des Sciences Biologiques - GRIL - TOXEN, Laboratory of Aquatic Microorganism Ecotoxicology, Succ. Centre-Ville, C.P. 8888, H3C 3P8, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
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Sankari M, Rao PR, Hemachandran H, Pullela PK, Doss C GP, Tayubi IA, Subramanian B, Gothandam KM, Singh P, Ramamoorthy S. Prospects and progress in the production of valuable carotenoids: Insights from metabolic engineering, synthetic biology, and computational approaches. J Biotechnol 2018; 266:89-101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2017.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Srinivasan R, Babu S, Gothandam KM. Accumulation of phytoene, a colorless carotenoid by inhibition of phytoene desaturase (PDS) gene in Dunaliella salina V-101. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 242:311-318. [PMID: 28347620 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to study the accumulation of phytoene in Dunaliella salina V-101 by down-regulating its phytoene desaturase (PDS) gene expression using RNA interference and Antisense technology. RNAi and antisense constructs were introduced into the Dunaliella cells by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Among thirty-two transformants, six showed positive down-regulation of PDS expression with RNAi construct and five positive transformants were obtained using antisense construct. Characterization of PDS suppression was carried out using semi-quantitative RT-PCR and quantitative determination of phytoene as well as other carotenoids by HPLC. Both the RNAi and antisense lines showed a significant decrease in the expression levels of phytoene desaturase and carotenoid content compared to wild type cells. The RNAi line #5 showed maximum Phytoene content (108.34±22.34µg/100mg DCW) compared to other transgenic lines. These phytoene-accumulating phenotypes exhibited slower growth rates and were found to be sensitive to high light conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - S Babu
- School of Bio-Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore 632 014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - K M Gothandam
- School of Bio-Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore 632 014, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Ng I, Tan S, Kao P, Chang Y, Chang J. Recent Developments on Genetic Engineering of Microalgae for Biofuels and Bio‐Based Chemicals. Biotechnol J 2017; 12. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201600644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- I‐Son Ng
- Department of Chemical EngineeringNational Cheng Kung UniversityTainan70101Taiwan
- Research Center for Energy Technology and StrategyNational Cheng Kung UniversityTainan70101Taiwan
| | - Shih‐I Tan
- Department of Chemical EngineeringNational Cheng Kung UniversityTainan70101Taiwan
| | - Pei‐Hsun Kao
- Department of Chemical EngineeringNational Cheng Kung UniversityTainan70101Taiwan
| | - Yu‐Kaung Chang
- Graduate School of Biochemical EngineeringMing Chi University of TechnologyNew Taipei City24301Taiwan
| | - Jo‐Shu Chang
- Department of Chemical EngineeringNational Cheng Kung UniversityTainan70101Taiwan
- Research Center for Energy Technology and StrategyNational Cheng Kung UniversityTainan70101Taiwan
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Kaur N, Pandey A, Kumar P, Pandey P, Kesarwani AK, Mantri SS, Awasthi P, Tiwari S. Regulation of Banana Phytoene Synthase (MaPSY) Expression, Characterization and Their Modulation under Various Abiotic Stress Conditions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:462. [PMID: 28421096 PMCID: PMC5377061 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Phytoene synthase (PSY) is a key regulatory enzyme of carotenoid biosynthesis pathway in plants. The present study examines the role of PSY in carotenogenesis and stress management in banana. Germplasm screening of 10 Indian cultivars showed that Nendran (3011.94 μg/100 g dry weight) and Rasthali (105.35 μg/100 g dry weight) contained the highest and lowest amounts of β-carotene, respectively in ripe fruit-pulp. Nendran ripe pulp also showed significantly higher antioxidant activity as compared to Rasthali. Meta-analysis of three banana PSY genes (MaPSY1, MaPSY2, and MaPSY3) was performed to identify their structural features, subcellular, and chromosomal localization in banana genome. The distinct expression patterns of MaPSY1, MaPSY2, and MaPSY3 genes were observed in various tissues, and fruit developmental stages of these two contrasting cultivars, suggesting differential regulation of the banana PSY genes. A positive correlation was observed between the expression of MaPSY1 and β-carotene accumulation in the ripe fruit-peel and pulp of Nendran. The presence of stress responsive cis-regulatory motifs in promoter region of MaPSY genes were correlated with the expression pattern during various stress (abscisic acid, methyl jasmonate, salicylic acid and dark) treatments. The positive modulation of MaPSY1 noticed under abiotic stresses suggested its role in plant physiological functions and defense response. The amino acid sequence analysis of the PSY proteins in contrasting cultivars revealed that all PSY comprises conserved domains related to enzyme activity. Bacterial complementation assay has validated the functional activity of six PSY proteins and among them PSY1 of Nendran (Nen-PSY1) gave the highest activity. These data provide new insights into the regulation of PSY expression in banana by developmental and stress related signals that can be explored in the banana improvement programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navneet Kaur
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Department of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science and Technology (Government of India)Mohali, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab UniversityChandigarh, India
| | - Ashutosh Pandey
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Department of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science and Technology (Government of India)Mohali, India
| | - Prateek Kumar
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Department of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science and Technology (Government of India)Mohali, India
| | - Pankaj Pandey
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Department of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science and Technology (Government of India)Mohali, India
| | - Atul K Kesarwani
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Department of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science and Technology (Government of India)Mohali, India
| | - Shrikant S Mantri
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Department of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science and Technology (Government of India)Mohali, India
| | - Praveen Awasthi
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Department of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science and Technology (Government of India)Mohali, India
| | - Siddharth Tiwari
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Department of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science and Technology (Government of India)Mohali, India
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Gomes MP, Le Manac’h SG, Hénault-Ethier L, Labrecque M, Lucotte M, Juneau P. Glyphosate-Dependent Inhibition of Photosynthesis in Willow. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:207. [PMID: 28261257 PMCID: PMC5314154 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
We studied the physiological mechanisms involved in the deleterious effects of a glyphosate-based herbicide (Factor® 540) on photosynthesis and related physiological processes of willow (Salix miyabeana cultivar SX64) plants. Sixty-day-old plants grown under greenhouse conditions were sprayed with different rates (0, 1.4, 2.1, and 2.8 kg a.e ha-1) of the commercial glyphosate formulated salt Factor® 540. Evaluations were performed at 0, 6, 24, 48, and 72 h after herbicide exposure. We established that the herbicide decreases chlorophyll, carotenoid and plastoquinone contents, and promotes changes in the photosynthetic apparatus leading to decreased photochemistry which results in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) accumulation. H2O2 accumulation triggers proline production which can be associated with oxidative protection, NADP+ recovery and shikimate pathway stimulation. Ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione peroxidase appeared to be the main peroxidases involved in the H2O2 scavenging. In addition to promoting decreases of the activity of the antioxidant enzymes, the herbicide induced decreases in ascorbate pool. For the first time, a glyphosate-based herbicide mode of action interconnecting its effects on shikimate pathway, photosynthetic process and oxidative events in plants were presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo P. Gomes
- Ecotoxicology of Aquatic Microorganisms Laboratory, GRIL, TOXEN, Department of Biological Sciences, Université du Québec à Montréal, MontréalQC, Canada
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Vegetal, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Minas GeraisBelo Horizonte, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Marcelo P. Gomes, Philippe Juneau,
| | - Sarah G. Le Manac’h
- Ecotoxicology of Aquatic Microorganisms Laboratory, GRIL, TOXEN, Department of Biological Sciences, Université du Québec à Montréal, MontréalQC, Canada
| | - Louise Hénault-Ethier
- Institut des Sciences de l’Environnement, Université du Québec à Montréal, MontréalQC, Canada
| | - Michel Labrecque
- Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Montreal Botanical Garden, MontréalQC, Canada
| | - Marc Lucotte
- Institut des Sciences de l’Environnement, Université du Québec à Montréal, MontréalQC, Canada
| | - Philippe Juneau
- Ecotoxicology of Aquatic Microorganisms Laboratory, GRIL, TOXEN, Department of Biological Sciences, Université du Québec à Montréal, MontréalQC, Canada
- Institut des Sciences de l’Environnement, Université du Québec à Montréal, MontréalQC, Canada
- *Correspondence: Marcelo P. Gomes, Philippe Juneau,
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Nie S, Huang S, Wang S, Cheng D, Liu J, Lv S, Li Q, Wang X. Enhancing Brassinosteroid Signaling via Overexpression of Tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum) SlBRI1 Improves Major Agronomic Traits. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1386. [PMID: 28848587 PMCID: PMC5554372 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Brassinosteroids (BRs) play important roles in plant growth, development, and stress responses through the receptor, Brassinosteroid-insensitive 1 (BRI1), which perceives BRs and initiates BR signaling. There is considerable potential agricultural value in regulating BR signaling in crops. In this study, we investigated the effects of overexpressing the tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) BRI1 gene, SlBRI1, on major agronomic traits, such as seed germination, vegetative growth, fruit ethylene production, carotenoid accumulation, yield, and quality attributes. SlBRI1 overexpression enhanced the endogenous BR signaling intensity thereby increasing the seed germination rate, lateral root number, hypocotyl length, CO2 assimilation, plant height, and flower size. The transgenic plants also showed an increase in fruit yield and fruit number per plant, although the mean weight of individual fruit was reduced, compared with wild type. SlBRI1 overexpression also promoted fruit ripening and ethylene production, and caused an increase in levels of carotenoids, ascorbic acid, soluble solids, and soluble sugars during fruit ripening. An increased BR signaling intensity mediated by SlBRI1 overexpression was therefore positively correlated with carotenoid accumulation and fruit nutritional quality. Our results indicate that enhancing BR signaling by overexpression of SlBRI1 in tomato has the potential to improve multiple major agronomic traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuming Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China
- Qinghai Key Laboratory of Vegetable Genetics and PhysiologyXining, China
| | - Shuhua Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China
| | - Shufen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China
| | - Dandan Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China
| | - Jianwei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China
| | - Siqi Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China
| | - Qi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China
| | - Xiaofeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaofeng Wang,
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Gomes MP, Le Manac'h SG, Maccario S, Labrecque M, Lucotte M, Juneau P. Differential effects of glyphosate and aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) on photosynthesis and chlorophyll metabolism in willow plants. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 130:65-70. [PMID: 27155486 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2015.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Revised: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
We used a willow species (Salix miyabeana cultivar SX64) to examine the differential secondary-effects of glyphosate and aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA), the principal glyphosate by-product, on chlorophyll metabolism and photosynthesis. Willow plants were treated with different concentrations of glyphosate (equivalent to 0, 1.4, 2.1 and 2.8kgha(-1)) and AMPA (equivalent to 0, 0.28, 1.4 and 2.8kgha(-1)) and evaluations of pigment contents, chlorophyll fluorescence, and oxidative stress markers (hydrogen peroxide content and antioxidant enzyme activities) in leaves were performed after 12h of exposure. We observed that AMPA and glyphosate trigger different mechanisms leading to decreases in chlorophyll content and photosynthesis rates in willow plants. Both chemicals induced ROS accumulation in willow leaves although only glyphosate-induced oxidative damage through lipid peroxidation. By disturbing chlorophyll biosynthesis, AMPA induced decreases in chlorophyll contents, with consequent effects on photosynthesis. With glyphosate, ROS increases were higher than the ROS-sensitive threshold, provoking chlorophyll degradation (as seen by pheophytin accumulation) and invariable decreases in photosynthesis. Peroxide accumulation in both AMPA and glyphosate-treated plants was due to the inhibition of antioxidant enzyme activities. The different effects of glyphosate on chlorophyll contents and photosynthesis as described in the literature may be due to various glyphosate:AMPA ratios in those plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Pedrosa Gomes
- Université du Québec à Montréal, Department of Biological Sciences, TOXEN, Ecotoxicology of Aquatic Microorganisms Laboratory, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal H3C 3P8, Québec, Canada; Université du Québec à Montréal, Institut des Sciences de l'environnement & GEOTOP, Succ. Centre-Ville, C.P. 8888, Montréal H3C 3P8, Québec, Canada
| | - Sarah Gingras Le Manac'h
- Université du Québec à Montréal, Department of Biological Sciences, TOXEN, Ecotoxicology of Aquatic Microorganisms Laboratory, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal H3C 3P8, Québec, Canada
| | - Sophie Maccario
- Université du Québec à Montréal, Institut des Sciences de l'environnement & GEOTOP, Succ. Centre-Ville, C.P. 8888, Montréal H3C 3P8, Québec, Canada
| | - Michel Labrecque
- Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Montreal Botanical Garden, 4101 Sherbrooke East, Montréal H1X 2B2, Québec, Canada
| | - Marc Lucotte
- Université du Québec à Montréal, Institut des Sciences de l'environnement & GEOTOP, Succ. Centre-Ville, C.P. 8888, Montréal H3C 3P8, Québec, Canada
| | - Philippe Juneau
- Université du Québec à Montréal, Department of Biological Sciences, TOXEN, Ecotoxicology of Aquatic Microorganisms Laboratory, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal H3C 3P8, Québec, Canada.
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Atanasova-Penichon V, Barreau C, Richard-Forget F. Antioxidant Secondary Metabolites in Cereals: Potential Involvement in Resistance to Fusarium and Mycotoxin Accumulation. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:566. [PMID: 27148243 PMCID: PMC4840282 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Gibberella and Fusarium Ear Rot and Fusarium Head Blight are major diseases affecting European cereals. These diseases are mainly caused by fungi of the Fusarium genus, primarily Fusarium graminearum and Fusarium verticillioides. These Fusarium species pose a serious threat to food safety because of their ability to produce a wide range of mycotoxins, including type B trichothecenes and fumonisins. Many factors such as environmental, agronomic or genetic ones may contribute to high levels of accumulation of mycotoxins in the grain and there is an urgent need to implement efficient and sustainable management strategies to reduce mycotoxin contamination. Actually, fungicides are not fully efficient to control the mycotoxin risk. In addition, because of harmful effects on human health and environment, their use should be seriously restricted in the near future. To durably solve the problem of mycotoxin accumulation, the breeding of tolerant genotypes is one of the most promising strategies for cereals. A deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms of plant resistance to both Fusarium and mycotoxin contamination will shed light on plant-pathogen interactions and provide relevant information for improving breeding programs. Resistance to Fusarium depends on the plant ability in preventing initial infection and containing the development of the toxigenic fungi while resistance to mycotoxin contamination is also related to the capacity of plant tissues in reducing mycotoxin accumulation. This capacity can result from two mechanisms: metabolic transformation of the toxin into less toxic compounds and inhibition of toxin biosynthesis. This last mechanism involves host metabolites able to interfere with mycotoxin biosynthesis. This review aims at gathering the latest scientific advances that support the contribution of grain antioxidant secondary metabolites to the mechanisms of plant resistance to Fusarium and mycotoxin accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christian Barreau
- MycSA, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique Villenave d'Ornon, France
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Farré G, Perez-Fons L, Decourcelle M, Breitenbach J, Hem S, Zhu C, Capell T, Christou P, Fraser PD, Sandmann G. Metabolic engineering of astaxanthin biosynthesis in maize endosperm and characterization of a prototype high oil hybrid. Transgenic Res 2016; 25:477-89. [DOI: 10.1007/s11248-016-9943-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Mellado-Ortega E, Hornero-Méndez D. Carotenoid evolution during short-storage period of durum wheat (Triticum turgidum conv. durum) and tritordeum (×Tritordeum Ascherson et Graebner) whole-grain flours. Food Chem 2016; 192:714-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.07.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Revised: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Abstract
Carotenoids are a class of isoprenoids synthesized by all photosynthetic organisms as well as by some non-photosynthetic bacteria and fungi with broad applications in food, feed and cosmetics, and also in the nutraceutical and pharmaceutical industries. Microalgae represent an important source of high-value products, which include carotenoids, among others. Carotenoids play key roles in light harvesting and energy transfer during photosynthesis and in the protection of the photosynthetic apparatus against photooxidative damage. Carotenoids are generally divided into carotenes and xanthophyls, but accumulation in microalgae can also be classified as primary (essential for survival) and secondary (by exposure to specific stimuli).In this chapter, we outline the high value carotenoids produced by commercially important microalgae, their production pathways, the improved production rates that can be achieved by genetic engineering as well as their biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitalia Henríquez
- Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso-Campus Curauma, Av. Universidad 330, Valparaíso, Chile.
| | - Carolina Escobar
- Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso-Campus Curauma, Av. Universidad 330, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Janeth Galarza
- Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso-Campus Curauma, Av. Universidad 330, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Javier Gimpel
- Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso-Campus Curauma, Av. Universidad 330, Valparaíso, Chile
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Maurya VK, Srinvasan R, Ramesh N, Anbalagan M, Gothandam K. Expression of Carotenoid Pathway Genes in Three Capsicum Varieties under Salt Stress. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.3923/ajcs.2015.286.294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Varela JC, Pereira H, Vila M, León R. Production of carotenoids by microalgae: achievements and challenges. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2015; 125:423-36. [PMID: 25921207 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-015-0149-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Carotenoids are a wide group of lipophylic isoprenoids synthesized by all photosynthetic organisms and also by some non-photosynthetic bacteria and fungi. Animals, which cannot synthesize carotenoids de novo, must include them in their diet to fulfil essential provitamin, antioxidant, or colouring requirements. Carotenoids are indispensable in light harvesting and energy transfer during photosynthesis and in the protection of the photosynthetic apparatus against photooxidative damage. In this review, we outline the factors inducing carotenoid accumulation in microalgae, the knowledge acquired on the metabolic pathways responsible for their biosynthesis, and the recent achievements in the genetic engineering of this pathway. Despite the considerable progress achieved in understanding and engineering algal carotenogenesis, many aspects remain to be elucidated. The increasing number of sequenced microalgal genomes and the data generated by high-throughput technologies will enable a better understanding of carotenoid biosynthesis in microalgae. Moreover, the growing number of industrial microalgal species genetically modified will allow the production of novel strains with enhanced carotenoid contents.
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Affiliation(s)
- João C Varela
- Centre of Marine Science, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, Portugal
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35
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Decourcelle M, Perez-Fons L, Baulande S, Steiger S, Couvelard L, Hem S, Zhu C, Capell T, Christou P, Fraser P, Sandmann G. Combined transcript, proteome, and metabolite analysis of transgenic maize seeds engineered for enhanced carotenoid synthesis reveals pleotropic effects in core metabolism. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2015; 66:3141-50. [PMID: 25796085 PMCID: PMC4449536 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess whether endosperm-specific carotenoid biosynthesis influenced core metabolic processes in maize embryo and endosperm and how global seed metabolism adapted to this expanded biosynthetic capacity. Although enhancement of carotenoid biosynthesis was targeted to the endosperm of maize kernels, a concurrent up-regulation of sterol and fatty acid biosynthesis in the embryo was measured. Targeted terpenoid analysis, and non-targeted metabolomic, proteomic, and transcriptomic profiling revealed changes especially in carbohydrate metabolism in the transgenic line. In-depth analysis of the data, including changes of metabolite pools and increased enzyme and transcript concentrations, gave a first insight into the metabolic variation precipitated by the higher up-stream metabolite demand by the extended biosynthesis capacities for terpenoids and fatty acids. An integrative model is put forward to explain the metabolic regulation for the increased provision of terpenoid and fatty acid precursors, particularly glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and pyruvate or acetyl-CoA from imported fructose and glucose. The model was supported by higher activities of fructokinase, glucose 6-phosphate isomerase, and fructose 1,6-bisphosphate aldolase indicating a higher flux through the glycolytic pathway. Although pyruvate and acetyl-CoA utilization was higher in the engineered line, pyruvate kinase activity was lower. A sufficient provision of both metabolites may be supported by a by-pass in a reaction sequence involving phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase, malate dehydrogenase, and malic enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Decourcelle
- Unité de Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, INRA, 34060 Montpellier, France
| | - Laura Perez-Fons
- School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey TW20 OEX, UK
| | | | - Sabine Steiger
- Biosynthesis Group, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Goethe University Frankfurt/M, Max von Laue Str. 9, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | | | - Sonia Hem
- Unité de Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, INRA, 34060 Montpellier, France
| | - Changfu Zhu
- Department of Plant Production and Forestry Science, University of Lleida-Agrotecnio Center, 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - Teresa Capell
- Department of Plant Production and Forestry Science, University of Lleida-Agrotecnio Center, 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - Paul Christou
- Department of Plant Production and Forestry Science, University of Lleida-Agrotecnio Center, 25198 Lleida, Spain Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avancats, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paul Fraser
- School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey TW20 OEX, UK
| | - Gerhard Sandmann
- Biosynthesis Group, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Goethe University Frankfurt/M, Max von Laue Str. 9, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany
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Zeng J, Wang C, Chen X, Zang M, Yuan C, Wang X, Wang Q, Li M, Li X, Chen L, Li K, Chang J, Wang Y, Yang G, He G. The lycopene β-cyclase plays a significant role in provitamin A biosynthesis in wheat endosperm. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 15:112. [PMID: 25943989 PMCID: PMC4433027 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-015-0514-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lycopene β-cyclase (LCYB) is a key enzyme catalyzing the biosynthesis of β-carotene, the main source of provitamin A. However, there is no documented research about this key cyclase gene's function and relationship with β-carotene content in wheat. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to clone TaLCYB and characterize its function and relationship with β-carotene biosynthesis in wheat grains. We also aimed to obtain more information about the endogenous carotenoid biosynthetic pathway and thus provide experimental support for carotenoid metabolic engineering in wheat. RESULTS In the present study, a lycopene β-cyclase gene, designated TaLCYB, was cloned from the hexaploid wheat cultivar Chinese Spring. The cyclization activity of the encoded protein was demonstrated by heterologous complementation analysis. The TaLCYB gene was expressed differentially in different tissues of wheat. Although TaLCYB had a higher expression level in the later stages of grain development, the β-carotene content still showed a decreasing tendency. The expression of TaLCYB in leaves was dramatically induced by strong light and the β-carotene content variation corresponded with changes of TaLCYB expression. A post-transcriptional gene silencing strategy was used to down-regulate the expression of TaLCYB in transgenic wheat, resulting in a decrease in the content of β-carotene and lutein, accompanied by the accumulation of lycopene to partly compensate for the total carotenoid content. In addition, changes in TaLCYB expression also affected the expression of several endogenous carotenogenic genes to varying degrees. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that TaLCYB is a genuine lycopene cyclase gene and plays a crucial role in β-carotene biosynthesis in wheat. Our attempt to silence it not only contributes to elucidating the mechanism of carotenoid accumulation in wheat but may also help in breeding wheat varieties with high provitamin A content through RNA interference (RNAi) to block specific carotenogenic genes in the wheat endosperm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zeng
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Cheng Wang
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Xi Chen
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Mingli Zang
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Cuihong Yuan
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Xiatian Wang
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Qiong Wang
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Miao Li
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Ling Chen
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Kexiu Li
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Junli Chang
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Yuesheng Wang
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Guangxiao Yang
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Guangyuan He
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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Jourdan M, Gagné S, Dubois-Laurent C, Maghraoui M, Huet S, Suel A, Hamama L, Briard M, Peltier D, Geoffriau E. Carotenoid content and root color of cultivated carrot: a candidate-gene association study using an original broad unstructured population. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0116674. [PMID: 25614987 PMCID: PMC4304819 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0116674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulated in large amounts in carrot, carotenoids are an important product quality attribute and therefore a major breeding trait. However, the knowledge of carotenoid accumulation genetic control in this root vegetable is still limited. In order to identify the genetic variants linked to this character, we performed an association mapping study with a candidate gene approach. We developed an original unstructured population with a broad genetic basis to avoid the pitfall of false positive detection due to population stratification. We genotyped 109 SNPs located in 17 candidate genes – mostly carotenoid biosynthesis genes – on 380 individuals, and tested the association with carotenoid contents and color components. Total carotenoids and β-carotene contents were significantly associated with genes zeaxanthin epoxydase (ZEP), phytoene desaturase (PDS) and carotenoid isomerase (CRTISO) while α-carotene was associated with CRTISO and plastid terminal oxidase (PTOX) genes. Color components were associated most significantly with ZEP. Our results suggest the involvement of the couple PDS/PTOX and ZEP in carotenoid accumulation, as the result of the metabolic and catabolic activities respectively. This study brings new insights in the understanding of the carotenoid pathway in non-photosynthetic organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Jourdan
- Agrocampus Ouest, UMR1345 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Angers, France
- Université d’Angers, UMR1345 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Angers, France
- INRA, UMR1345 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Beaucouzé, France
| | - Séverine Gagné
- Agrocampus Ouest, UMR1345 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Angers, France
- Université d’Angers, UMR1345 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Angers, France
- INRA, UMR1345 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Beaucouzé, France
| | - Cécile Dubois-Laurent
- Agrocampus Ouest, UMR1345 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Angers, France
- Université d’Angers, UMR1345 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Angers, France
- INRA, UMR1345 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Beaucouzé, France
| | - Mohamed Maghraoui
- Agrocampus Ouest, UMR1345 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Angers, France
- Université d’Angers, UMR1345 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Angers, France
- INRA, UMR1345 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Beaucouzé, France
| | - Sébastien Huet
- Agrocampus Ouest, UMR1345 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Angers, France
- Université d’Angers, UMR1345 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Angers, France
- INRA, UMR1345 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Beaucouzé, France
| | - Anita Suel
- Agrocampus Ouest, UMR1345 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Angers, France
- Université d’Angers, UMR1345 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Angers, France
- INRA, UMR1345 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Beaucouzé, France
| | - Latifa Hamama
- Agrocampus Ouest, UMR1345 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Angers, France
- Université d’Angers, UMR1345 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Angers, France
- INRA, UMR1345 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Beaucouzé, France
| | - Mathilde Briard
- Agrocampus Ouest, UMR1345 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Angers, France
- Université d’Angers, UMR1345 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Angers, France
- INRA, UMR1345 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Beaucouzé, France
| | - Didier Peltier
- Agrocampus Ouest, UMR1345 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Angers, France
- Université d’Angers, UMR1345 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Angers, France
- INRA, UMR1345 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Beaucouzé, France
| | - Emmanuel Geoffriau
- Agrocampus Ouest, UMR1345 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Angers, France
- Université d’Angers, UMR1345 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Angers, France
- INRA, UMR1345 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Beaucouzé, France
- * E-mail:
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Park SC, Kim SH, Park S, Lee HU, Lee JS, Park WS, Ahn MJ, Kim YH, Jeong JC, Lee HS, Kwak SS. Enhanced accumulation of carotenoids in sweetpotato plants overexpressing IbOr-Ins gene in purple-fleshed sweetpotato cultivar. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2015; 86:82-90. [PMID: 25438140 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2014.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Sweetpotato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam] is an important root crop that produces low molecular weight antioxidants such as carotenoids and anthocyanin. The sweetpotato orange (IbOr) protein is involved in the accumulation of carotenoids. To increase the levels of carotenoids in the storage roots of sweetpotato, we generated transgenic sweetpotato plants overexpressing IbOr-Ins under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S promoter in an anthocyanin-rich purple-fleshed cultivar (referred to as IbOr plants). IbOr plants exhibited increased carotenoid levels (up to 7-fold) in their storage roots compared to wild type (WT) plants, as revealed by HPLC analysis. The carotenoid contents of IbOr plants were positively correlated with IbOr transcript levels. The levels of zeaxanthin were ∼ 12 times elevated in IbOr plants, whereas β-carotene increased ∼ 1.75 times higher than those of WT. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis revealed that most carotenoid biosynthetic pathway genes were up-regulated in the IbOr plants, including PDS, ZDS, LCY-β, CHY-β, ZEP and Pftf, whereas LCY-ɛ was down-regulated. Interestingly, CCD1, CCD4 and NCED, which are related to the degradation of carotenoids, were also up-regulated in the IbOr plants. Anthocyanin contents and transcription levels of associated biosynthetic genes seemed to be altered in the IbOr plants. The yields of storage roots and aerial parts of IbOr plants and WT plants were not significantly different under field cultivation. Taken together, these results indicate that overexpression of IbOr-Ins can increase the carotenoid contents of sweetpotato storage roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Chul Park
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea; Department of Green Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, University of Science & Technology (UST), Daejeon 305-350, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Ha Kim
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea
| | - Seyeon Park
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea; Department of Green Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, University of Science & Technology (UST), Daejeon 305-350, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeong-Un Lee
- Bioenergy Crop Research Center, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Muan 534-833, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Seol Lee
- Bioenergy Crop Research Center, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Muan 534-833, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Sung Park
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Jeong Ahn
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Hee Kim
- Department of Biology Education, College of Education, IALS, PMBBRC, Gyeongsang Naional University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Cheol Jeong
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea
| | - Haeng-Soon Lee
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea; Department of Green Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, University of Science & Technology (UST), Daejeon 305-350, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Soo Kwak
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea; Department of Green Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, University of Science & Technology (UST), Daejeon 305-350, Republic of Korea.
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Liu L, Shao Z, Zhang M, Wang Q. Regulation of carotenoid metabolism in tomato. MOLECULAR PLANT 2015; 8:28-39. [PMID: 25578270 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2014.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Carotenoids serve diverse functions in vastly different organisms that both produce and consume them. Enhanced carotenoid accumulation is of great importance in the visual and functional properties of fruits and vegetables. Significant progress has been achieved in recent years in our understanding of carotenoid biosynthesis in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) using biochemical and genetics approaches. The carotenoid metabolic network is temporally and spatially controlled, and plants have evolved strategic tactics to regulate carotenoid metabolism in response to various developmental and environmental factors. In this review, we summarize the current status of studies on transcription factors and phytohormones that regulate carotenoid biosynthesis, catabolism, and storage capacity in plastids, as well as the responses of carotenoid metabolism to environmental cues in tomato fruits. Transcription factors function either in cooperation with or independently of phytohormone signaling to regulate carotenoid metabolism, providing novel approaches for metabolic engineering of carotenoid composition and content in tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhiyong Shao
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qiaomei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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40
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Zhang Q, Shi Y, Ma L, Yi X, Ruan J. Metabolomic analysis using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF MS) uncovers the effects of light intensity and temperature under shading treatments on the metabolites in tea. PLoS One 2014; 9:e112572. [PMID: 25390340 PMCID: PMC4229221 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0112572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the effect of light intensity and temperature on the biosynthesis and accumulation of quality-related metabolites, field grown tea plants were shaded by Black Net and Nano-insulating Film (with additional 2–4°C cooling effect) with un-shaded plants as a control. Young shoots were subjected to UPLC-Q-TOF MS followed by multivariate statistical analysis. Most flavonoid metabolites (mainly flavan-3-ols, flavonols and their glycosides) decreased significantly in the shading treatments, while the contents of chlorophyll, β-carotene, neoxanthin and free amino acids, caffeine, benzoic acid derivatives and phenylpropanoids increased. Comparison between two shading treatments indicated that the lower temperature under Nano shading decreased flavonols and their glycosides but increased accumulation of flavan-3-ols and proanthocyanidins. The comparison also showed a greater effect of temperature on galloylation of catechins than light intensity. Taken together, there might be competition for substrates between the up- and down-stream branches of the phenylpropanoid/flavonoid pathway, which was influenced by light intensity and temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qunfeng Zhang
- Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yuanzhi Shi
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Lifeng Ma
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiaoyun Yi
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jianyun Ruan
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310058, China
- * E-mail:
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42
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Vaculíková M, Vaculík M, Šimková L, Fialová I, Kochanová Z, Sedláková B, Luxová M. Influence of silicon on maize roots exposed to antimony - growth and antioxidative response. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2014. [PMID: 25201566 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-799963-0.00007-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Pollution of antimony (Sb) raises a serious environmental problem. Although this non-essential element can be taken up by roots and accumulated in plant tissues in relatively high concentrations, there is still lack of knowledge about the effect of Sb on biochemical and metabolic processes in plants. It was shown that application of silicon (Si) can decrease the toxicity of other heavy metals and toxic elements in various plants. The aim of this study was to assess how Si influences the growth and antioxidative response of young Zea mays L. roots exposed to elevated concentrations of Sb. Antimony reduced the root growth and induced oxidative stress and activated antioxidant defense mechanisms in maize. Silicon addition to Sb treated roots decreased oxidative stress symptoms documented by lower lipid peroxidation, proline accumulation, and decreased activity of antioxidative enzymes (ascorbate peroxidase, EC 1.11.1.11; catalase, EC 1.11.1.6; and guaiacol peroxidase, EC 1.11.1.7). Although neither positive nor negative effect of Si has been observed on root length and biomass, changes in the oxidative response of plants exposed to Sb indicate a possible mitigation role of Si on Sb toxicity in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslava Vaculíková
- Institute of Botany, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, SK-845 23 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Marek Vaculík
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina B2, SK-842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lenka Šimková
- Institute of Botany, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, SK-845 23 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ivana Fialová
- Institute of Botany, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, SK-845 23 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Kochanová
- Institute of Botany, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, SK-845 23 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Barbora Sedláková
- Institute of Botany, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, SK-845 23 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Miroslava Luxová
- Institute of Botany, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, SK-845 23 Bratislava, Slovakia
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Wang C, Zeng J, Li Y, Hu W, Chen L, Miao Y, Deng P, Yuan C, Ma C, Chen X, Zang M, Wang Q, Li K, Chang J, Wang Y, Yang G, He G. Enrichment of provitamin A content in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) by introduction of the bacterial carotenoid biosynthetic genes CrtB and CrtI. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2014; 65:2545-56. [PMID: 24692648 PMCID: PMC4036513 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eru138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Carotenoid content is a primary determinant of wheat nutritional value and affects its end-use quality. Wheat grains contain very low carotenoid levels and trace amounts of provitamin A content. In order to enrich the carotenoid content in wheat grains, the bacterial phytoene synthase gene (CrtB) and carotene desaturase gene (CrtI) were transformed into the common wheat cultivar Bobwhite. Expression of CrtB or CrtI alone slightly increased the carotenoid content in the grains of transgenic wheat, while co-expression of both genes resulted in a darker red/yellow grain phenotype, accompanied by a total carotenoid content increase of approximately 8-fold achieving 4.76 μg g(-1) of seed dry weight, a β-carotene increase of 65-fold to 3.21 μg g(-1) of seed dry weight, and a provitamin A content (sum of α-carotene, β-carotene, and β-cryptoxanthin) increase of 76-fold to 3.82 μg g(-1) of seed dry weight. The high provitamin A content in the transgenic wheat was stably inherited over four generations. Quantitative PCR analysis revealed that enhancement of provitamin A content in transgenic wheat was also a result of the highly coordinated regulation of endogenous carotenoid biosynthetic genes, suggesting a metabolic feedback regulation in the wheat carotenoid biosynthetic pathway. These transgenic wheat lines are not only valuable for breeding wheat varieties with nutritional benefits for human health but also for understanding the mechanism regulating carotenoid biosynthesis in wheat endosperm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Wang
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jian Zeng
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yin Li
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Hu
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ling Chen
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yingjie Miao
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Pengyi Deng
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Cuihong Yuan
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Cheng Ma
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xi Chen
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Mingli Zang
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiong Wang
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kexiu Li
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Junli Chang
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuesheng Wang
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Guangxiao Yang
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Guangyuan He
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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44
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Zhu C, Yang Q, Ni X, Bai C, Sheng Y, Shi L, Capell T, Sandmann G, Christou P. Cloning and functional analysis of the promoters that upregulate carotenogenic gene expression during flower development in Gentiana lutea. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2014; 150:493-504. [PMID: 24256196 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2013] [Revised: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 11/08/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Over the last two decades, many carotenogenic genes have been cloned and used to generate metabolically engineered plants producing higher levels of carotenoids. However, comparatively little is known about the regulation of endogenous carotenogenic genes in higher plants, and this restricts our ability to predict how engineered plants will perform in terms of carotenoid content and composition. During petal development in the Great Yellow Gentian (Gentiana lutea), carotenoid accumulation, the formation of chromoplasts and the upregulation of several carotenogenic genes are temporally coordinated. We investigated the regulatory mechanisms responsible for this coordinated expression by isolating five G. lutea carotenogenic gene (GlPDS, GlZDS, GlLYCB, GlBCH and GlLYCE) promoters by inverse polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Each promoter was sufficient for developmentally regulated expression of the gusA reporter gene following transient expression in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum cv. Micro-Tom). Interestingly, the GlLYCB and GlBCH promoters drove high levels of gusA expression in chromoplast-containing mature green fruits, but low levels in chloroplast-containing immature green fruits, indicating a strict correlation between promoter activity, tomato fruit development and chromoplast differentiation. As well as core promoter elements such as TATA and CAAT boxes, all five promoters together with previously characterized GlZEP promoter contained three common cis-regulatory motifs involved in the response to methyl jasmonate (CGTCA) and ethylene (ATCTA), and required for endosperm expression (Skn-1_motif, GTCAT). These shared common cis-acting elements may represent binding sites for transcription factors responsible for co-regulation. Our data provide insight into the regulatory basis of the coordinated upregulation of carotenogenic gene expression during flower development in G. lutea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changfu Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, 130032, China; Departament de Producció Vegetal i Ciència Forestal, Universitat de Lleida-Agrotecnio Center, Lleida, 25198, Spain
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45
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Breitenbach J, Bai C, Rivera SM, Canela R, Capell T, Christou P, Zhu C, Sandmann G. A novel carotenoid, 4-keto-α-carotene, as an unexpected by-product during genetic engineering of carotenogenesis in rice callus. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2014; 98:85-91. [PMID: 24393458 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2013.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2013] [Revised: 11/29/2013] [Accepted: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Rice endosperm is devoid of carotenoids because the initial biosynthetic steps are absent. The early carotenogenesis reactions were constituted through co-transformation of endosperm-derived rice callus with phytoene synthase and phytoene desaturase transgenes. Subsequent steps in the pathway such as cyclization and hydroxylation reactions were catalyzed by endogenous rice enzymes in the endosperm. The carotenoid pathway was extended further by including a bacterial ketolase gene able to form astaxanthin, a high value carotenoid which is not a typical plant carotenoid. In addition to astaxanthin and precursors, a carotenoid accumulated in the transgenic callus which did not fit into the pathway to astaxanthin. This was subsequently identified as 4-keto-α-carotene by HPLC co-chromatography, chemical modification, mass spectrometry and the reconstruction of its biosynthesis pathway in Escherichia coli. We postulate that this keto carotenoid is formed from α-carotene which accumulates by combined reactions of the heterologous gene products and endogenous rice endosperm cyclization reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Breitenbach
- Molecular Biosciences, J.W. Goethe Universität Frankfurt, Max von Laue Str. 9, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Chao Bai
- Departament de Producció Vegetal i Ciència Forestal, Universitat de Lleida-Agrotecnio Center, Avenida Alcalde Rovira Roure, 191, Lleida E-25198, Spain
| | - Sol M Rivera
- Departament de Química, Universitat de Lleida, Avenida Alcalde Rovira Roure, 191, Lleida E-25198, Spain
| | - Ramon Canela
- Departament de Química, Universitat de Lleida, Avenida Alcalde Rovira Roure, 191, Lleida E-25198, Spain
| | - Teresa Capell
- Departament de Producció Vegetal i Ciència Forestal, Universitat de Lleida-Agrotecnio Center, Avenida Alcalde Rovira Roure, 191, Lleida E-25198, Spain
| | - Paul Christou
- Departament de Producció Vegetal i Ciència Forestal, Universitat de Lleida-Agrotecnio Center, Avenida Alcalde Rovira Roure, 191, Lleida E-25198, Spain; Institucio Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avancats, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Changfu Zhu
- Departament de Producció Vegetal i Ciència Forestal, Universitat de Lleida-Agrotecnio Center, Avenida Alcalde Rovira Roure, 191, Lleida E-25198, Spain
| | - Gerhard Sandmann
- Molecular Biosciences, J.W. Goethe Universität Frankfurt, Max von Laue Str. 9, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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46
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Fanciullino AL, Bidel LPR, Urban L. Carotenoid responses to environmental stimuli: integrating redox and carbon controls into a fruit model. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2014; 37:273-89. [PMID: 23777240 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2013] [Revised: 06/05/2013] [Accepted: 06/06/2013] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Carotenoids play an important role in plant adaptation to fluctuating environments as well as in the human diet by contributing to the prevention of chronic diseases. Insights have been gained recently into the way individual factors, genetic, environmental or developmental, control the carotenoid biosynthetic pathway at the molecular level. The identification of the rate-limiting steps of carotenogenesis has paved the way for programmes of breeding, and metabolic engineering, aimed at increasing the concentration of carotenoids in different crop species. However, the complexity that arises from the interactions between the different factors as well as from the coordination between organs remains poorly understood. This review focuses on recent advances in carotenoid responses to environmental stimuli and discusses how the interactions between the modulation factors and between organs affect carotenoid build-up. We develop the idea that reactive oxygen species/redox status and sugars/carbon status can be considered as integrated factors that account for most effects of the major environmental factors influencing carotenoid biosynthesis. The discussion highlights the concept of carotenoids or carotenoid-derivatives as stress signals that may be involved in feedback controls. We propose a conceptual model of the effects of environmental and developmental factors on carotenoid build-up in fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Fanciullino
- UR 1115 Plantes et Systèmes de Culture Horticoles, INRA, Avignon, Cedex, 9, France
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47
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Sandmann G. Carotenoids of biotechnological importance. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2014; 148:449-67. [PMID: 25326165 DOI: 10.1007/10_2014_277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Carotenoids are natural pigments with antioxidative functions that protect against oxidative stress. They are essential for humans and must be supplied through the diet. Carotenoids are the precursors for the visual pigment rhodopsin, and lutein and zeaxanthin must be accumulated in the yellow eye spot to protect the retina from excess light and ultraviolet damage. There is a global market for carotenoids as food colorants, animal feed, and nutraceuticals. Some carotenoids are chemically synthesized, whereas others are from natural sources. Microbial mass production systems of industrial interest for carotenoids are in use, and new ones are being developed by metabolic pathway engineering of bacteria, fungi, and plants. Several examples will be highlighted in this chapter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerhard Sandmann
- Biosynthesis Group, Molecular Biosciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue Str. 9, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany,
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Liu L, Jia C, Zhang M, Chen D, Chen S, Guo R, Guo D, Wang Q. Ectopic expression of a BZR1-1D transcription factor in brassinosteroid signalling enhances carotenoid accumulation and fruit quality attributes in tomato. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2014; 12:105-15. [PMID: 24102834 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Revised: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The brassinosteroid (BR) response transcription factor Brassinazole resistant 1 (BZR1)-mediated BR signalling regulates many specific developmental processes including fruit ripening. Here, we report the effect of 2,4-epibrassinolide (EBR) and BZR1-1D overexpression on carotenoid accumulation and quality attributes of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruit. EBR-treated pericarp discs of ethylene-insensitive mutant, Never ripe, accumulated significantly more carotenoid than those of the control. The results suggest that BR seems to be involved in modulating pigments accumulation. When three independent transgenic lines overexpressing the Arabidopsis BZR1-1D were used to evaluate the role of BZR1 in regulating tomato fruit carotenoid accumulation and quality attributes, fruits of all three transgenic lines exhibited enhanced carotenoid accumulation and increased soluble solid, soluble sugar and ascorbic acid contents during fruit ripening. In addition, the fruits of two transgenic lines showed dark green shoulder at mature green stage, in accordance with the up-regulated expression level of SlGLK2, which is involved in chloroplast development. Our results indicate the importance of BZR1-centred BR signalling in regulating carotenoid accumulation and quality attributes of tomato fruit and the potential application of the BZR1-like(s) for improvement of nutritional quality and flavour of tomato through genetic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Liu
- Department of Horticulture, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Kilcrease J, Collins AM, Richins RD, Timlin JA, O'Connell MA. Multiple microscopic approaches demonstrate linkage between chromoplast architecture and carotenoid composition in diverse Capsicum annuum fruit. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2013; 76:1074-83. [PMID: 24118159 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Revised: 09/26/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Increased accumulation of specific carotenoids in plastids through plant breeding or genetic engineering requires an understanding of the limitations that storage sites for these compounds may impose on that accumulation. Here, using Capsicum annuum L. fruit, we demonstrate directly the unique sub-organellar accumulation sites of specific carotenoids using live cell hyperspectral confocal Raman microscopy. Further, we show that chromoplasts from specific cultivars vary in shape and size, and these structural variations are associated with carotenoid compositional differences. Live-cell imaging utilizing laser scanning confocal (LSCM) and confocal Raman microscopy, as well as fixed tissue imaging by scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM), all demonstrated morphological differences with high concordance for the measurements across the multiple imaging modalities. These results reveal additional opportunities for genetic controls on fruit color and carotenoid-based phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Kilcrease
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, 88003, USA
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50
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Kandianis CB, Stevens R, Liu W, Palacios N, Montgomery K, Pixley K, White WS, Rocheford T. Genetic architecture controlling variation in grain carotenoid composition and concentrations in two maize populations. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2013; 126:2879-95. [PMID: 24042570 PMCID: PMC3825500 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-013-2179-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Genetic control of maize grain carotenoid profiles is coordinated through several loci distributed throughout three secondary metabolic pathways, most of which exhibit additive, and more importantly, pleiotropic effects. The genetic basis for the variation in maize grain carotenoid concentrations was investigated in two F2:3 populations, DEexp × CI7 and A619 × SC55, derived from high total carotenoid and high β-carotene inbred lines. A comparison of grain carotenoid concentrations from population DEexp × CI7 grown in different environments revealed significantly higher concentrations and greater trait variation in samples harvested from a subtropical environment relative to those from a temperate environment. Genotype by environment interactions was significant for most carotenoid traits. Using phenotypic data in additive, environment-specific genetic models, quantitative trait loci (QTL) were identified for absolute and derived carotenoid traits in each population, including those specific to the isomerization of β-carotene. A multivariate approach for these correlated traits was taken, using carotenoid trait principal components (PCs) that jointly accounted for 97 % or more of trait variation. Component loadings for carotenoid PCs were interpreted in the context of known substrate-product relationships within the carotenoid pathway. Importantly, QTL for univariate and multivariate traits were found to cluster in close proximity to map locations of loci involved in methyl-erythritol, isoprenoid and carotenoid metabolism. Several of these genes, including lycopene epsilon cyclase, carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase1 and beta-carotene hydroxylase, were mapped in the segregating populations. These loci exhibited pleiotropic effects on α-branch carotenoids, total carotenoid profile and β-branch carotenoids, respectively. Our results confirm that several QTL are involved in the modification of carotenoid profiles, and suggest genetic targets that could be used for the improvement of total carotenoid and β-carotene in future breeding populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine B. Kandianis
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA
- Department of Pediatrics, USDA-ARS Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Robyn Stevens
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA
- U.S. Agency for International Development, Washington, DC 20523 USA
| | - Weiping Liu
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011 USA
| | - Natalia Palacios
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Apdo Postal 6-641, 06600 Mexico, DF Mexico
| | - Kevin Montgomery
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA
- Montgomery Consulting, Maroa, IL 61756 USA
| | - Kevin Pixley
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Apdo Postal 6-641, 06600 Mexico, DF Mexico
| | - Wendy S. White
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011 USA
| | - Torbert Rocheford
- Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
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