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Alandy-Dy J, Wencel M, Hall K, Simon J, Chen Y, Valenti E, Yang J, Bali D, Lakatos A, Goyal N, Mozaffar T, Kimonis V. Variable clinical features and genotype-phenotype correlations in 18 patients with late-onset Pompe disease. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2019; 7:276. [PMID: 31392188 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2019.06.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Background Pompe disease is a lysosomal storage disorder caused by the deficiency of enzyme acid alpha-glucosidase (GAA) which results in accumulation of glycogen, particularly in the skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscles. The late-onset form with symptoms presenting in childhood through adulthood, is characterized by proximal muscle weakness, respiratory insufficiency, and unlike the infantile-onset form often with no cardiac involvement. Methods We report our experience with 18 adult patients (14 males/4 females) with Pompe disease, several of whom had unique findings and novel pathogenic variants. Patients ranged in ages from 22-74 years (mean 53.7 years) and were diagnosed at an age range of 11-65 years (mean 43.6 years), often after a history of progressive muscle disease of several years' duration. All 18 patients were treated with alglucosidase alfa (Lumizyme) and their response to treatment was monitored by measurements of their pulmonary function and muscle weakness, six-minute walk test (6MWT), and other functional studies. Results Genetic sequencing revealed that 16 out of 18 individuals had the common c.-32-13T>G splicing variant, and six patients, including two sibships had four novel pathogenic variants: c.1594G>A, c.2655_2656delCG, c.1951-1952delGGinsT, and c.1134C>G. A male with the c.1594G>A variant developed an intracerebral aneurysm at the age of 43 years treated with surgery. Two siblings with the c.2655_2656delCG developed very high antibody titers, one of whom developed a severe infusion reaction. Other clinical features included BiPAP requirement in twelve, tinnitus in seven, scoliosis in five, cardiomyopathy in three, one individual was diagnosed with a cerebral aneurysm who underwent successful Penumbra coil placement, and another individual was diagnosed with both Graves' disease and testicular cancer. Conclusions Our study illustrates significant variability in the range of clinical features, and the variable clinical response to enzyme replacement therapy. It also alerts us to the importance of careful monitoring and early management of complications. Possible genotype-phenotype associations with the novel mutations identified may emerge with larger studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jousef Alandy-Dy
- Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California- Irvine, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Marie Wencel
- Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California- Irvine, Orange, CA, USA.,Division of Neuromuscular Disease, Department of Neurology, University of California- Irvine, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Kathy Hall
- Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California- Irvine, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Julie Simon
- Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California- Irvine, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Yanjun Chen
- Biostatistics, Epidemiology & Research Design (BERD) Unit, UCI Institute for Clinical and Translational Science, California- Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Erik Valenti
- Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California- Irvine, Orange, CA, USA.,Division of Neuromuscular Disease, Department of Neurology, University of California- Irvine, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Jade Yang
- Dietitian & Nutrition Services, University of California- Irvine, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Deeksha Bali
- Biochemical Genetics Laboratory, Duke University Health System, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Anita Lakatos
- Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California- Irvine, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Namita Goyal
- Division of Neuromuscular Disease, Department of Neurology, University of California- Irvine, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Tahseen Mozaffar
- Division of Neuromuscular Disease, Department of Neurology, University of California- Irvine, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Virginia Kimonis
- Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California- Irvine, Orange, CA, USA
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The phenotype, genotype, and outcome of infantile-onset Pompe disease in 18 Saudi patients. Mol Genet Metab Rep 2018; 15:50-54. [PMID: 30023291 PMCID: PMC6047460 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgmr.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Infantile-Onset Pompe Disease (IOPD) is an autosomal recessive disorder of glycogen metabolism resulting from deficiency of the lysosomal hydrolase acid α-glucosidase encoded by GAA gene. Affected infants present before the age of 12 months with hypotonia, muscle weakness, and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) has been shown to improve survival, cardiac mass, and motor skills. In this work, we aim to illustrate the genotypes of IOPD and the outcome of ERT in our population. The medical records of infants with confirmed diagnosis of IOPD who received ERT were reviewed. Eighteen infants (7 males, 11 females) were included in the study. The median age at presentation was 2 months and the median age at the start of ERT was 4.5 months. Fifteen (83.3%) infants died with a median age at death of 12 months. The 3 alive infants (whose current ages are 6½ years, 6 years, and 10 years), who were initiated on ERT at the age of 3 weeks, 5 months, and 8 months respectively, has had variable response with requirement of assisted ventilation in one child and tracheostomy in another child. All infants were homozygous for GAA mutations except one infant who was compound heterozygous. All infants (n = 8) with truncating mutations died. Our work provides insight into the correlation of genotypes and outcome of ERT in IOPD in Saudi Arabia. Our data suggest that early detection of cases, through newborn screening, and immunomodulation before the initiation of ERT may improve the outcome of ERT in Saudi infants with IOPD.
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Yuan S, Jiang J, Zha LT, Yang ZC. [Clinical characteristics and GAA gene mutation in children with glycogen storage disease type II: an analysis of 3 cases]. ZHONGGUO DANG DAI ER KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY PEDIATRICS 2017; 19:1092-1097. [PMID: 29046207 PMCID: PMC7389288 DOI: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2017.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Glycogen storage disease type II (GSD II) is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by a deficiency of the lysosomal glycogen-hydrolyzing enzyme acid α-glucosidase (GAA) and can affect multiple systems including the heart and skeletal muscle. The aim of this study was to investigate three children with GSD II confirmed by GAA gene analysis and to report their clinical characteristics and gene mutations. One case was classified as infantile-onset GSD II, and two cases as late-onset GSD II. The infantile-onset patient (aged 4 months) showed no weight increase and had dyspnea, muscle hypotonia, and increased alanine aminotransferase and creatine kinase; echocardiography showed hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. The late-onset patients (aged 8 years and 13 years respectively) showed persistently elevated liver enzymes; one of them had recurrent respiratory tract infection and restrictive ventilation disorder, and the other case showed significantly increased creatase but normal electromyographic findings. Peripheral blood genetic testing for GAA gene showed six pathogenic mutations in the three cases, and the mutations c.2738C>T and c.568C>T had not been reported. Therefore, peripheral blood genetic testing for GAA gene is an effective diagnostic method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Yuan
- Department of Pediatrics, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, China.
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Goina E, Peruzzo P, Bembi B, Dardis A, Buratti E. Glycogen Reduction in Myotubes of Late-Onset Pompe Disease Patients Using Antisense Technology. Mol Ther 2017. [PMID: 28629821 PMCID: PMC5589062 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2017.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycogen storage disease type II (GSDII) is a lysosomal disorder caused by the deficient activity of acid alpha-glucosidase (GAA) enzyme, leading to the accumulation of glycogen within the lysosomes. The disease has been classified in infantile and late-onset forms. Most late-onset patients share a splicing mutation c.-32-13T > G in intron 1 of the GAA gene that prevents efficient recognition of exon 2 by the spliceosome. In this study, we have mapped the splicing silencers of GAA exon 2 and developed antisense morpholino oligonucleotides (AMOs) to inhibit those regions and rescue normal splicing in the presence of the c.-32-13T > G mutation. Using a minigene approach and patient fibroblasts, we successfully increased inclusion of exon 2 in the mRNA and GAA enzyme production by targeting a specific silencer with a combination of AMOs. Most importantly, the use of these AMOs in patient myotubes results in a decreased accumulation of glycogen. To our knowledge, this is the only therapeutic approach resulting in a decrease of glycogen accumulation in patient tissues beside enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) and TFEB overexpression. As a result, it may represent a highly novel and promising therapeutic line for GSDII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Goina
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Area Science Park, Padriciano, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Paolo Peruzzo
- Regional Coordinator Centre for Rare Diseases, Academic Hospital Santa Maria della Misericordia, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Bruno Bembi
- Regional Coordinator Centre for Rare Diseases, Academic Hospital Santa Maria della Misericordia, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Andrea Dardis
- Regional Coordinator Centre for Rare Diseases, Academic Hospital Santa Maria della Misericordia, 33100 Udine, Italy.
| | - Emanuele Buratti
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Area Science Park, Padriciano, 34149 Trieste, Italy.
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5
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Dardis A, Zanin I, Zampieri S, Stuani C, Pianta A, Romanello M, Baralle FE, Bembi B, Buratti E. Functional characterization of the common c.-32-13T>G mutation of GAA gene: identification of potential therapeutic agents. Nucleic Acids Res 2013; 42:1291-302. [PMID: 24150945 PMCID: PMC3902950 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkt987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycogen storage disease type II is a lysosomal storage disorder due to mutations of the GAA gene, which causes lysosomal alpha-glucosidase deficiency. Clinically, glycogen storage disease type II has been classified in infantile and late-onset forms. Most late-onset patients share the leaky splicing mutation c.-32-13T>G. To date, the mechanism by which the c.-32-13T>G mutation affects the GAA mRNA splicing is not fully known. In this study, we demonstrate that the c.-32-13T>G mutation abrogates the binding of the splicing factor U2AF65 to the polypyrimidine tract of exon 2 and that several splicing factors affect exon 2 inclusion, although the only factor capable of acting in the c.-32-13 T>G context is the SR protein family member, SRSF4 (SRp75). Most importantly, a preliminary screening using small molecules described to be able to affect splicing profiles, showed that resveratrol treatment resulted in a significant increase of normal spliced GAA mRNA, GAA protein content and activity in cells transfected with a mutant minigene and in fibroblasts from patients carrying the c-32-13T>G mutation. In conclusion, this work provides an in-depth functional characterization of the c.-32-13T>G mutation and, most importantly, an in vitro proof of principle for the use of small molecules to rescue normal splicing of c.-32-13T>G mutant alleles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Dardis
- Regional Centre for Rare Diseases, University Hospital Santa Maria della Misericordia, Udine, Italy and International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Area Science Park, Trieste, Italy
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Xiao J, Westbroek W, Motabar O, Lea WA, Hu X, Velayati A, Zheng W, Southall N, Gustafson AM, Goldin E, Sidransky E, Liu K, Simeonov A, Tamargo RJ, Ribes A, Matalonga L, Ferrer M, Marugan JJ. Discovery of a novel noniminosugar acid α glucosidase chaperone series. J Med Chem 2012; 55:7546-59. [PMID: 22834902 PMCID: PMC3448374 DOI: 10.1021/jm3005543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Pompe disease is an autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disorder (LSD) caused by deficiency of the lysosomal enzyme acid α-glucosidase (GAA). Many disease-causing mutated GAA retain enzymatic activity but are not translocated from endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to lysosomes. Enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) is the only treatment for Pompe disease but remains expensive, inconvenient, and does not reverse all disease manifestations. It was postulated that small molecules which aid in protein folding and translocation to lysosomes could provide an alternate to ERT. Previously, several iminosugars have been proposed as small-molecule chaperones for specific LSDs. Here we identified a novel series of noniminosugar chaperones for GAA. These moderate GAA inhibitors are shown to bind and thermostabilize GAA and increase GAA translocation to lysosomes in both wild-type and Pompe fibroblasts. AMDE and physical properties studies indicate that this series is a promising lead for further pharmacokinetic evaluation and testing in Pompe disease models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingbo Xiao
- NIH Chemical Genomics Center, NIH Center for Translational Therapeutics, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850
| | - Wendy Westbroek
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 35 Rm1A213, 35 Convent Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Omid Motabar
- NIH Chemical Genomics Center, NIH Center for Translational Therapeutics, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850
| | - Wendy A. Lea
- NIH Chemical Genomics Center, NIH Center for Translational Therapeutics, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850
| | - Xin Hu
- NIH Chemical Genomics Center, NIH Center for Translational Therapeutics, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850
| | - Arash Velayati
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 35 Rm1A213, 35 Convent Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Wei Zheng
- NIH Chemical Genomics Center, NIH Center for Translational Therapeutics, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850
| | - Noel Southall
- NIH Chemical Genomics Center, NIH Center for Translational Therapeutics, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850
| | - Ann Marie Gustafson
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 35 Rm1A213, 35 Convent Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Ehud Goldin
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 35 Rm1A213, 35 Convent Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Ellen Sidransky
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 35 Rm1A213, 35 Convent Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Ke Liu
- NIH Chemical Genomics Center, NIH Center for Translational Therapeutics, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850
| | - Anton Simeonov
- NIH Chemical Genomics Center, NIH Center for Translational Therapeutics, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850
| | - Rafael J. Tamargo
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 35 Rm1A213, 35 Convent Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Antonia Ribes
- Enfermedades Metabólicas Hereditarias, Institut de Bioquímica Clínica, Servicio de Bioquímica y Genética Molecular, Hospital Clínic y Provincial de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Leslie Matalonga
- Enfermedades Metabólicas Hereditarias, Institut de Bioquímica Clínica, Servicio de Bioquímica y Genética Molecular, Hospital Clínic y Provincial de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marc Ferrer
- NIH Chemical Genomics Center, NIH Center for Translational Therapeutics, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850
| | - Juan J. Marugan
- NIH Chemical Genomics Center, NIH Center for Translational Therapeutics, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850
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7
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Patnaik S, Zheng W, Choi JH, Motabar O, Southall N, Westbroek W, Lea WA, Velayati A, Goldin E, Sidransky E, Leister W, Marugan JJ. Discovery, structure-activity relationship, and biological evaluation of noninhibitory small molecule chaperones of glucocerebrosidase. J Med Chem 2012; 55:5734-48. [PMID: 22646221 PMCID: PMC3400126 DOI: 10.1021/jm300063b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
A major challenge in the field of Gaucher disease has been the development of new therapeutic strategies including molecular chaperones. All previously described chaperones of glucocerebrosidase are enzyme inhibitors, which complicates their clinical development because their chaperone activity must be balanced against the functional inhibition of the enzyme. Using a novel high throughput screening methodology, we identified a chemical series that does not inhibit the enzyme but can still facilitate its translocation to the lysosome as measured by immunostaining of glucocerebrosidase in patient fibroblasts. These compounds provide the basis for the development of a novel approach toward small molecule treatment for patients with Gaucher disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samarjit Patnaik
- NIH Chemical Genomic Center, National Center for Advancing Translation Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD
| | - Wei Zheng
- NIH Chemical Genomic Center, National Center for Advancing Translation Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD
| | - Jae H. Choi
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892; USA
| | - Omid Motabar
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892; USA
| | - Noel Southall
- NIH Chemical Genomic Center, National Center for Advancing Translation Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD
| | - Wendy Westbroek
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892; USA
| | - Wendy A. Lea
- NIH Chemical Genomic Center, National Center for Advancing Translation Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD
| | - Arash Velayati
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892; USA
| | - Ehud Goldin
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892; USA
| | - Ellen Sidransky
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892; USA
| | - William Leister
- NIH Chemical Genomic Center, National Center for Advancing Translation Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD
| | - Juan J. Marugan
- NIH Chemical Genomic Center, National Center for Advancing Translation Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD
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8
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Niño MY, Mateus HE, Fonseca DJ, Kroos MA, Ospina SY, Mejía JF, Uribe JA, Reuser AJJ, Laissue P. Identification and Functional Characterization of GAA Mutations in Colombian Patients Affected by Pompe Disease. JIMD Rep 2012; 7:39-48. [PMID: 23430493 DOI: 10.1007/8904_2012_138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2012] [Revised: 01/27/2012] [Accepted: 02/24/2012] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Pompe disease (PD) is a recessive metabolic disorder characterized by acid α-glucosidase (GAA) deficiency, which results in lysosomal accumulation of glycogen in all tissues, especially in skeletal muscles. PD clinical course is mainly determined by the nature of the GAA mutations. Although ~400 distinct GAA sequence variations have been described, the genotype-phenotype correlation is not always evident.In this study, we describe the first clinical and genetic analysis of Colombian PD patients performed in 11 affected individuals. GAA open reading frame sequencing revealed eight distinct mutations related to PD etiology including two novel missense mutations, c.1106 T > C (p.Leu369Pro) and c.2236 T > C (p.Trp746Arg). In vitro functional studies showed that the structural changes conferred by both mutations did not inhibit the synthesis of the 110 kD GAA precursor form but affected the processing and intracellular transport of GAA. In addition, analysis of previously described variants located at this position (p.Trp746Gly, p.Trp746Cys, p.Trp746Ser, p.Trp746X) revealed new insights in the molecular basis of PD. Notably, we found that p.Trp746Cys mutation, which was previously described as a polymorphism as well as a causal mutation, displayed a mild deleterious effect. Interestingly and by chance, our study argues in favor of a remarkable Afro-American and European ancestry of the Colombian population. Taken together, our report provides valuable information on the PD genotype-phenotype correlation, which is expected to facilitate and improve genetic counseling of affected individuals and their families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Yasmín Niño
- Unidad de Genética, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
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9
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Marugan JJ, Zheng W, Motabar O, Southall N, Goldin E, Sidransky E, Aungst RA, Liu K, Sadhukhan SK, Austin CP. Evaluation of 2-thioxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydropyrimido[4,5-d]pyrimidin-4(1H)-one analogues as GAA activators. Eur J Med Chem 2010; 45:1880-97. [PMID: 20206419 PMCID: PMC2892120 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2010.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2009] [Revised: 01/13/2010] [Accepted: 01/14/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Pompe disease is a lysosomal storage disease (LSD) caused by a deficiency in the lysosomal enzyme acid alpha-glucosidase. In several LSDs, enzyme inhibitors have been used as small molecule chaperones to facilitate and increase the translocation of mutant protein from the endoplasmic reticulum to the lysosome. Enzyme activators with chaperone activity would be even more desirable as they would not inhibit the enzyme after translocation and might potentiate the activity of the enzyme that is successfully translocated. Herein we report our initial findings of a new series of acid alpha-glucosidase activators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan J Marugan
- NIH Chemical Genomic Center, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Heath, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD, USA.
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10
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Flanagan JJ, Rossi B, Tang K, Wu X, Mascioli K, Donaudy F, Tuzzi MR, Fontana F, Cubellis MV, Porto C, Benjamin E, Lockhart DJ, Valenzano KJ, Andria G, Parenti G, Do HV. The pharmacological chaperone 1-deoxynojirimycin increases the activity and lysosomal trafficking of multiple mutant forms of acid alpha-glucosidase. Hum Mutat 2009; 30:1683-92. [DOI: 10.1002/humu.21121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Motabar O, Shi ZD, Goldin E, Liu K, Southall N, Sidransky E, Austin CP, Griffiths GL, Zheng W. A new resorufin-based alpha-glucosidase assay for high-throughput screening. Anal Biochem 2009; 390:79-84. [PMID: 19371716 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2009.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2009] [Revised: 04/07/2009] [Accepted: 04/09/2009] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in alpha-glucosidase cause accumulation of glycogen in lysosomes, resulting in Pompe disease, a lysosomal storage disorder. Small molecule chaperones that bind to enzyme proteins and correct the misfolding and mistrafficking of mutant proteins have emerged as a new therapeutic approach for the lysosomal storage disorders. In addition, alpha-glucosidase is a therapeutic target for type II diabetes, and alpha-glucosidase inhibitors have been used in the clinic as alternative treatments for this disease. We have developed a new fluorogenic substrate for the alpha-glucosidase enzyme assay, resorufin alpha-d-glucopyranoside. The enzyme reaction product of this new substrate emits at a peak of 590 nm, reducing the interference from fluorescent compounds seen with the existing fluorogenic substrate, 4-methylumbelliferyl-alpha-D-glucopyranoside. Also, the enzyme kinetic assay can be carried out continuously without the addition of stop solution due to the lower pK(a) of the product of this substrate. Therefore, this new fluorogenic substrate is a useful tool for the alpha-glucosidase enzyme assay and will facilitate compound screening for the development of new therapies for Pompe disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Motabar
- NIH Chemical Genomics Center, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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12
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Parenti G, Zuppaldi A, Gabriela Pittis M, Rosaria Tuzzi M, Annunziata I, Meroni G, Porto C, Donaudy F, Rossi B, Rossi M, Filocamo M, Donati A, Bembi B, Ballabio A, Andria G. Pharmacological Enhancement of Mutated α-Glucosidase Activity in Fibroblasts from Patients with Pompe Disease. Mol Ther 2007; 15:508-514. [PMID: 17213836 DOI: 10.1038/sj.mt.6300074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2006] [Accepted: 11/10/2006] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the use of pharmacological chaperones for the therapy of Pompe disease, a metabolic myopathy due to mutations of the gene encoding the lysosomal hydrolase alpha-glucosidase (GAA) and characterized by generalized glycogen storage in cardiac and skeletal muscle. We studied the effects of two imino sugars, deoxynojirimycin (DNJ) and N-butyldeoxynojirimycin (NB-DNJ), on residual GAA activity in fibroblasts from eight patients with different forms of Pompe disease (two classic infantile, two non-classic infantile onset, four late-onset forms), and with different mutations of the GAA gene. We demonstrated a significant increase of GAA activity (1.3-7.5-fold) after imino sugar treatment in fibroblasts from patients carrying the mutations L552P (three patients) and G549R (one patient). GAA enhancement was confirmed in HEK293T cells where the same mutations were overexpressed. No increase of GAA activity was observed for the other mutations. Western blot analysis showed that imino sugars increase the amount of mature GAA molecular forms. Immunofluorescence studies in HEK293T cells overexpressing the L552P mutation showed an improved trafficking of the mutant enzyme to lysosomes after imino sugar treatment. These results provide a rationale for an alternative treatment, other than enzyme replacement, to Pompe disease.
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Okumiya T, Kroos MA, Vliet LV, Takeuchi H, Van der Ploeg AT, Reuser AJJ. Chemical chaperones improve transport and enhance stability of mutant alpha-glucosidases in glycogen storage disease type II. Mol Genet Metab 2007; 90:49-57. [PMID: 17095274 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2006.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2006] [Revised: 09/20/2006] [Accepted: 09/20/2006] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Glycogen storage disease type II (GSDII; Pompe disease or acid maltase deficiency) is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by lysosomal acid alpha-glucosidase (AalphaGlu) deficiency and manifests predominantly as skeletal muscle weakness. Defects in post-translational modification and transport of mutant AalphaGlu species are frequently encountered and may potentially be corrected with chaperone-mediated therapy. In the present study, we have tested this hypothesis by using deoxynojirimycin and derivatives as chemical chaperones to correct the AalphaGlu deficiency in cultured fibroblasts from patients with GSDII. Four mutant phenotypes were chosen: Y455F/Y455F, P545L/P545L, 525del/R600C and D645E/R854X. In case of Y455F/Y455F and P545L/P545L, N-(n-butyl)deoxynojirimycin (NB-DNJ) restored the transport, maturation and activity of AalphaGlu in a dose dependent manner, while it had no effect on the reference enzyme beta-hexosaminidase. NB-DNJ promoted export from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the lysosomes and stabilized the activity of mutant AalphaGlu species, Y455F and P545L, inside the lysosomes. In long-term culture, the AalphaGlu activity in the fibroblasts from the patients with mutant phenotypes, Y455F/Y455F and P545L/P545L, increased up to 14.0- and 7.9-fold, respectively, in the presence of 10mumol/L NB-DNJ. However, the effect of NB-DNJ on Y455F/Y455F subsided quickly after removal of the compound. We conclude that NB-DNJ acts in low concentration as chemical chaperone for certain mutant forms of AalphaGlu that are trapped in the ER, poorly transported or labile in the lysosomal environment. Chemical chaperone therapy could create new perspectives for therapeutic intervention in GSDII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshika Okumiya
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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Pittis MG, Montalvo ALE, Heikinheimo P, Sbaragli M, Balducci C, Persichetti E, Van Maldergem L, Filocamo M, Bembi B, Beccari T. Funtional characterization of four novel MAN2B1 mutations causing juvenile onset alpha-mannosidosis. Clin Chim Acta 2007; 375:136-9. [PMID: 16919251 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2006.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2006] [Revised: 06/26/2006] [Accepted: 06/26/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Alpha-mannosidosis is a recessively inherited disorder due to the deficiency of the lysosomal alpha-mannosidase. We report the molecular analysis performed in two patients with the late onset form of alpha-mannosidosis. Four new alleles were identified: three missense mutations involving highly conserved residues, c.597 C>A (p.H200N), c.1553 T>C (p.L518P) and c.2746 C>A (p.R916S) and a single nucleotide deletion, c.2660delC. In vitro expression studies in COS-1 cells demonstrated that pH200N, p.L518P and p.R916S proteins are expressed but retained no residual enzyme activity. These data are supported by structural 3D analysis which predicted that both p.L518P and p.R916S could affect the interaction of the small E-domain with the active site domain or the main body of the structure while the pH200N might alter substrate binding or other catalytic properties. Finally, the c.2660delC causes a frameshift introducing a premature stop codon (p.T887SfsX45), presuming to be a severe mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Pittis
- Unità Malattie Metaboliche, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
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Montalvo ALE, Bembi B, Donnarumma M, Filocamo M, Parenti G, Rossi M, Merlini L, Buratti E, De Filippi P, Dardis A, Stroppiano M, Ciana G, Pittis MG. Mutation profile of theGAA gene in 40 Italian patients with late onset glycogen storage disease type II. Hum Mutat 2006; 27:999-1006. [PMID: 16917947 DOI: 10.1002/humu.20374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Glycogen storage disease type II (GSDII) is a recessively inherited disorder due to the deficiency of acid alpha-glucosidase (GAA) that results in impaired glycogen degradation and its accumulation in the lysosomes. We report here the complete molecular analysis of the GAA gene performed on 40 Italian patients with late onset GSDII. Twelve novel alleles have been identified: missense mutations were functionally characterized by enzyme activity and protein processing in a human GAA-deficient cell line while splicing mutations were studied by RT-PCR and in silico analysis. A complex allele was also identified carrying three different alterations in cis. The c.-32-13T > G was the most frequent mutation, present as compound heterozygote in 85% of the patients (allele frequency 42.3%), as described in other late onset GSDII Caucasian populations. Interestingly, the c.-32-13T > G was associated with the c.2237G > A (p.W746X) in nine of the 40 patients. Genotype-phenotype correlations are discussed with particular emphasis on the subgroup carrying the c.-32-13T > G/c.2237G > A genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L E Montalvo
- Unità di Malattie Metaboliche, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
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