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La Porta G, Hardersen S. A Warm Welcome to the Alps-The Northward Expansion of Trithemis annulata (Odonata, Libellulidae) in Italy. INSECTS 2024; 15:340. [PMID: 38786896 PMCID: PMC11121767 DOI: 10.3390/insects15050340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Climate warming has already influenced the distribution, community composition, and phenology of European Odonata. Trithemis annulata had been confined to the southern regions of Italy for over 150 years. In only four decades, it has expanded its range and has recently been observed inhabiting several alpine valleys. A dataset of 2557 geographical distribution data points spanning the years 1825-2023 was compiled using various resources, with the aim to analyse the chrono-story of the expansion of T. annulata. A further aim was to investigate the climatic conditions that best explain its current and future distribution. Over a period of 43 years, the species steadily extended its northern range margin at an approximate rate of 12 km/year. Once it reached the Po Plain, the expansion accelerated to an average speed of 34 km/year. However, its northward shift lagged behind the warming climate as we estimated an average speed of 28 km/year. In the future, the area suitable for T. annulata is expected to significantly increase in Italy. Surprisingly, we did not observe any consistent upward shift. Trithemis annulata has considerably expanded its distribution due to human-induced climate warming. The northernmost populations now inhabit Alpine valleys, potential gateways to central Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianandrea La Porta
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia (PG), 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Sönke Hardersen
- Reparto Carabinieri Biodiversità di Verona, Centro Nazionale Carabinieri Biodiversità “Bosco Fontana”, 46045 Marmirolo, Italy;
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2
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Suzuki H, Takenaka M, Tojo K. Evolutionary history of a cold-adapted limnephilid caddisfly: Effects of climate change and topography on genetic structure. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2024; 191:107967. [PMID: 38000705 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2023.107967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
The distribution of organisms is influenced by complex factors such as the phylogenetic evolutionary histories of species, the physiological and ecological characteristics of organisms, climate, and geographical and geohistorical features. In this study, we focused on a caddisfly, Asynarchus sachalinensis (Trichoptera: Limnephilidae), which has adapted to cold habitats. From phylogeographic analyses based on the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) and 16S rRNA regions and the nuclear DNA (nDNA) 18S rRNA, 28S rRNA, carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase (CAD), elongation factor-1 alpha (EF1-α), and RNA polymerase II (POLII) regions, two distinct genetic clades were detected. Clade I was shown to be widely distributed from Sakhalin to Honshu, whereas Clade II was only distributed within Honshu. The distributions of these clades overlapped in Honshu. The habitats were located at relatively lower altitudes for Clade I and higher altitudes for Clade II. The divergence time of these clades was estimated to be during the Pleistocene, indicating that repeated climatic changes facilitated distributional shifts. Haplotype network and demographic analyses based on the mtDNA COI region showed contrasting genetic structures in the two clades. It was indicated that the population sizes of Clade I had expanded rapidly in a recent period, whereas Clade II had maintained stable population sizes. The habitats of Clade II were typically isolated and scattered at high altitudes, resulting in restricted migration and dispersal because of their discontinuous "Sky Island" habitats. The habitats of Clade I were located at relatively low altitudes, and it was assumed that the populations were continuous, which resulted in a higher frequency of migration and dispersal between populations. Thus, differences in the spatial scale of the adapted habitats of each clade may have resulted in different patterns of population connectivity and fragmentation associated with repeated climatic changes during the Pleistocene. Our study provided new insight into the distributional patterns of cold-adapted aquatic insects in the Japanese Archipelago. Furthermore, the distributional shifts predicted by ecological niche modeling under future climatic change conditions were different for each clade. Therefore, different principles are required in the assessment of each clade to predict temporal changes in their distributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirohisa Suzuki
- Division of Mountain and Environmental Science, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Asahi 3-1-1, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan
| | - Masaki Takenaka
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shinshu University, Asahi 3-1-1, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan; Institute of Mountain Science, Shinshu University, Asahi 3-1-1, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan
| | - Koji Tojo
- Division of Mountain and Environmental Science, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Asahi 3-1-1, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan; Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shinshu University, Asahi 3-1-1, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan; Institute of Mountain Science, Shinshu University, Asahi 3-1-1, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan.
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Vega-Sánchez YM, Oyama K, Mendoza-Cuenca LF, Gaytán-Legaria R, González-Rodríguez A. Genomic differentiation and niche divergence in the Hetaerina americana (Odonata) cryptic species complex. Mol Ecol 2024; 33:e17207. [PMID: 37975486 DOI: 10.1111/mec.17207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
The evolution of reproductive barriers, that is, the speciation process, implies the limitation of gene flow between populations. Different patterns of genomic differentiation throughout the speciation continuum may provide insights into the causal evolutionary forces of species divergence. In this study, we analysed a cryptic species complex of the genus Hetaerina (Odonata). This complex includes H. americana and H. calverti; however, in H. americana two highly differentiated genetic groups have been previously detected, which, we hypothesize, may correspond to different species with low morphological variation. We obtained single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data for 90 individuals belonging to the different taxa in the complex and carried out differentiation tests to identify genetic isolation. The results from STRUCTURE and discriminant analysis of principal components (DAPC), based on almost 5000 SNPs, confirmed the presence of three highly differentiated taxa. Also, we found FST values above 0.5 in pairwise comparisons, which indicates a considerable degree of genetic isolation among the suggested species. We also found low climatic niche overlap among all taxa, suggesting that each group occurs at specific conditions of temperature, precipitation and elevation. We propose that H. americana comprises two cryptic species, which may be reproductively isolated by ecological barriers related to niche divergence, since the morphological variation is minimal and, therefore, mechanical barriers are probably less effective compared to other related species such as H. calverti.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yesenia Margarita Vega-Sánchez
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Morelia, Mexico
| | - Ken Oyama
- Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores (ENES) Unidad Morelia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Morelia, Mexico
| | | | - Ricardo Gaytán-Legaria
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Morelia, Mexico
| | - Antonio González-Rodríguez
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Morelia, Mexico
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4
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The Quality of Sequence Data Affects Biodiversity and Conservation Perspectives in the Neotropical Damselfly Megaloprepus caerulatus. DIVERSITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/d14121056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Ideally, the footprint of the evolutionary history of a species is drawn from integrative studies including quantitative and qualitative taxonomy, biogeography, ecology, and molecular genetics. In today’s research, species delimitations and identification of conservation units is often accompanied by a set of—at minimum—two sequence markers appropriate for the systematic level under investigation. Two such studies re-evaluated the species status in the world’s largest Odonata, the Neotropical damselfly Megaloprepus caerulatus. The species status of the genus Megaloprepus has long been debated. Despite applying a highly similar set of sequence markers, the two studies reached different conclusions concerning species status and population genetic relationships. In this study, we took the unique opportunity to compare the two datasets and analyzed the reasons for those incongruences. The two DNA sequence markers used (16S rDNA and CO1) were re-aligned using a strict conservative approach and the analyses used in both studies were repeated. Going step by step back to the first line of data handling, we show that a high number of unresolved characters in the sequence alignments as well as internal gaps are responsible for the different outcomes in terms of species delimitations and population genetic relationships. Overall, this study shows that high quality raw sequence data are an indispensable requirement, not only in odonate research.
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MacLeod N, Price B, Stevens Z. What you sample is what you get: ecomorphological variation in Trithemis (Odonata, Libellulidae) dragonfly wings reconsidered. BMC Ecol Evol 2022; 22:43. [PMID: 35410171 PMCID: PMC8996507 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-022-01978-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The phylogenetic ecology of the Afro-Asian dragonfly genus Trithemis has been investigated previously by Damm et al. (in Mol Phylogenet Evol 54:870-882, 2010) and wing ecomorphology by Outomuro et al. (in J Evol Biol 26:1866-1874, 2013). However, the latter investigation employed a somewhat coarse sampling of forewing and hindwing outlines and reported results that were at odds in some ways with expectations given the mapping of landscape and water-body preference over the Trithemis cladogram produced by Damm et al. (in Mol Phylogenet Evol 54:870-882, 2010). To further explore the link between species-specific wing shape variation and habitat we studied a new sample of 27 Trithemis species employing a more robust statistical test for phylogenetic covariation, more comprehensive representations of Trithemis wing morphology and a wider range of morphometric data-analysis procedures. RESULTS Contrary to the Outomuro et al. (in J Evol Biol 26:1866-1874, 2013) report, our results indicate that no statistically significant pattern of phylogenetic covariation exists in our Trithemis forewing and hindwing data and that both male and female wing datasets exhibit substantial shape differences between species that inhabit open and forested landscapes and species that hunt over temporary/standing or running water bodies. Among the morphometric analyses performed, landmark data and geometric morphometric data-analysis methods yielded the worst performance in identifying ecomorphometric shape distinctions between Trithemis habitat guilds. Direct analysis of wing images using an embedded convolution (deep learning) neural network delivered the best performance. Bootstrap and jackknife tests of group separations and discriminant-function stability confirm that our results are not artifacts of overtrained discriminant systems or the "curse of dimensionality" despite the modest size of our sample. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that Trithemis wing morphology reflects the environment's "push" to a much greater extent than phylogeny's "pull". In addition, they indicate that close attention should be paid to the manner in which morphologies are sampled for morphometric analysis and, if no prior information is available to guide sampling strategy, the sample that most comprehensively represents the morphologies of interest should be obtained. In many cases this will be digital images (2D) or scans (3D) of the entire morphology or morphological feature rather than sparse sets of landmark/semilandmark point locations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norman MacLeod
- School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Benjamin Price
- Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD, UK
| | - Zackary Stevens
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Cardiff University, Main Building, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK
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Adu B, Dada O, Tunwase V. An ecological study of freshwater ecosystem and its colligation to Odonates assemblages in Ipogun, Southwest Nigeria. BULLETIN OF THE NATIONAL RESEARCH CENTRE 2022; 46:86. [PMID: 35382091 PMCID: PMC8972762 DOI: 10.1186/s42269-022-00774-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Odonata (dragonfly and damselfly) are particularly good indicators of freshwater ecosystem health. The constant disturbance of freshwater habitats can result in the reduction of Odonata species diversity. Changes in Odonata biodiversity are influenced by several human activities, such as agriculture, urbanization, input of pollutants in water and construction. This study was carried out to assess the abundance and diversity of Odonata, evaluate the physicochemical characteristics of water, and compare the community structure of Odonata at three selected sites along River Aponmu in Ipogun. Adult odonates were sampled and identified for 11 months using a sweep net, water samples were collected and some parameters were determined during the study period. RESULTS A total of 906 specimens representing sixty-four (64) species and sixteen (16) genera in seven (7) families (Coenagrionidae, Lestidae, Platycnemididae, Chlorocyphidae, Calopterygidae, Libellulidae, and Gomphidae) were collected and identified. Of the 906 specimens, Libellulidae had the highest percentage composition (44%) with 395 individuals out of which Trithemis arteriosa (a pollution tolerant species) had the highest number of individuals (225) and Gomphidae had the lowest percentage composition (0.03%) with 1 individual. Most of the species collected are known for their tolerance to disturbed environments. They include Pseudagrion melanicterum, Paragomphus genei, and Orthetrum Julia. Aponmu area had the highest species diversity (H' = 2.312) while Idi area had the least species diversity (H' = 2.021). Alaasin area had the highest Simpson_d value (0.8557) and the best taxa distribution (Evenness = 0.524; Equitability_J = 0.7764) which makes the area more pristine than other sites while Aponmu area had the least distribution (Evenness = 0.3365; Equitability_J = 0.6798). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) result of physicochemical parameters revealed that temperature (°C), pH, Dissolved Oxygen (mg/L), turbidity (NTU), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (mg/L), NO3 (mg/L), and PO4 (mg/L) did not show significant difference at the three sites while EC (µS/cm) and TDS (mg/L) which have moderately high mean values indicated significant difference at Aponmu area (p < 0.05). T. arteriosa exhibited a weak negative correlation to both temperature and DO. CONCLUSIONS This study has provided information on Odonata assemblage at River Aponmu and infers based on the assemblage that the river may be somewhat polluted at the period the research was carried out. It is therefore recommended that efforts should therefore be taken to discourage water pollution in order to preserve the diversity of these insects and the water quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babasola Adu
- Department of Biology, The Federal University of Technology Akure, Akure, Ondo State Nigeria
| | - Omolola Dada
- Department of Biology, The Federal University of Technology Akure, Akure, Ondo State Nigeria
| | - Victor Tunwase
- Department of Biology, The Federal University of Technology Akure, Akure, Ondo State Nigeria
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7
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Clement RA, Saxton NA, Standring S, Arnold PR, Johnson KK, Bybee DR, Bybee SM. Phylogeny, migration and geographic range size evolution of Anax dragonflies (Anisoptera: Aeshnidae). Zool J Linn Soc 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The genus Anax is a group of cosmopolitan dragonflies noted for its conspicuous migratory behaviours and large size. Here we present the first dated, species-level, multigene, molecular phylogeny for the group to test generic and species-limits, as well as the evolution of migration and range size. Using five mitochondrial and nuclear gene regions (COI, COI/COII, CYTB/ND1, ITS1 and PRMT) from 20 species, we reconstructed a phylogeny of Anax using both a Bayesian and maximum likelihood approach. We found that Anax (including its hypothesized sister group Hemianax) forms a monophyletic group, and that 12 out of 20 species tested positive for monophyly were also monophyletic. The monophyly of several species of Anax is less clear. Migratory behaviour, which is known to occur in at least nine species, is recovered as the ancestral behaviour, which was lost and subsequently gained at least three times. Geographic range size seems to be tightly associated with migratory behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A Clement
- Computational Biology Institute, The Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington,D.C., USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington,D.C. 20052USA
| | - Natalie A Saxton
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, 4102 LSB,Provo,UT, USA
| | - Samantha Standring
- Entomology Department, University of California Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside,CA92521USA
| | - Preston R Arnold
- Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Bryan,Texas, USA
| | | | - David R Bybee
- Biology Program, Brigham Young University-Hawaii, 55–220 Kulanui Street,Laie, USA
| | - Seth M Bybee
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, 4102 LSB,Provo,UT, USA
- Monte L. Bean Museum, Brigham Young University, Provo,UT, USA
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8
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Takenaka M, Shibata S, Ito T, Shimura N, Tojo K. Phylogeography of the northernmost distributed Anisocentropus caddisflies and their comparative genetic structures based on habitat preferences. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:4957-4971. [PMID: 33976862 PMCID: PMC8093727 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Knowledge of the factors that determine the distribution ranges of organisms is necessary to understand their evolutionary and ecological significance and contribution to biodiversity. A very effective mean of studying such factors is to compare the distribution characteristics and genetic structures of closely related species with differing habitat preferences. Freshwater aquatic insects are relatively easy to observe and the basis of their corresponding niche differentiation easier to identify. Freshwater habitats are categorized lotic or lentic water according to flow regime. In Japanese Islands, the genus Anisocentropus of the calamoceratid caddisfly, the target group in this study, was morphologically reconfirmed that three species, that is, Anisocentropus kawamurai, A. pallidus, and A. magnificus. Among these, A. kawamurai prefers lotic environments and A. pallidus is adapted to lentic water habitats. The distribution range of these sister species overlaps within the Japanese Islands. We estimated the phylogeny and the evolutionary history of Anisocentropus caddisflies worldwide. We estimated divergence periods by two methods, a single locus with various specimens and multiple loci with reduced numbers of the specimens. As a result, we elucidated the phylogenetic position of Japanese species within the cosmopolitan genus Anisocentropus, and also revealed their dual origin. In addition, we demonstrated that the contrasting genetic structures between the sister species distributed in widely overlapping areas were due to differentiation in their respective adapted environmental preferences. Although, in general, it is known that species adapted to lentic water have greater dispersal potential and so are associated with wider distribution areas by means of examining their comparative genetic structures, we revealed a new pattern of genetic locality existing in the genetic structures of the species adapted to lentic water. We then present evidence that suggests the ecological preferences of a species are an important factor in understanding the evolutionary history of that species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Takenaka
- Division of Mountain and Environmental Science, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and TechnologyShinshu UniversityMatsumotoJapan
- Division of Evolutionary Developmental BiologyNational Institute for Basic BiologyOkazakiJapan
| | - Saki Shibata
- Department of Biology, Faculty of ScienceShinshu UniversityMatsumotoJapan
| | | | | | - Koji Tojo
- Department of Biology, Faculty of ScienceShinshu UniversityMatsumotoJapan
- Institute of Mountain ScienceShinshu UniversityMatsumotoJapan
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A molecularphylogeny offorktail damselflies(genus Ischnura)revealsa dynamic macroevolutionary history of female colour polymorphisms. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2021; 160:107134. [PMID: 33677008 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2021.107134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Colour polymorphisms are popular study systems among biologists interested in evolutionary dynamics, genomics, sexual selection and sexual conflict. In many damselfly groups, such as in the globally distributed genus Ischnura (forktails), sex-limited female colour polymorphisms occur in multiple species. Female-polymorphic species contain two or three female morphs, one of which phenotypically matches the male (androchrome or male mimic) and the other(s) which are phenotypically distinct from the male (heterochrome). These female colour polymorphisms are thought to be maintained by frequency-dependent sexual conflict, but their macroevolutionary histories are unknown, due to the lack of a robust molecular phylogeny. Here, we present the first time-calibrated phylogeny of Ischnura, using a multispecies coalescent approach (StarBEAST2) and incorporating both molecular and fossil data for 41 extant species (55% of the genus). We estimate the age of Ischnura to be between 13.8 and 23.4 millions of years, i.e. Miocene. We infer the ancestral state of this genus as female monomorphism with heterochrome females, with multiple gains and losses of female polymorphisms, evidence of trans-species female polymorphisms and a significant positive relationship between female polymorphism incidence and current geographic range size. Our study provides a robust phylogenetic framework for future research on the dynamic macroevolutionary history of this clade with its extraordinary diversity of sex-limited female polymorphisms.
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10
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Couvreur TL, Dauby G, Blach‐Overgaard A, Deblauwe V, Dessein S, Droissart V, Hardy OJ, Harris DJ, Janssens SB, Ley AC, Mackinder BA, Sonké B, Sosef MS, Stévart T, Svenning J, Wieringa JJ, Faye A, Missoup AD, Tolley KA, Nicolas V, Ntie S, Fluteau F, Robin C, Guillocheau F, Barboni D, Sepulchre P. Tectonics, climate and the diversification of the tropical African terrestrial flora and fauna. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2021; 96:16-51. [PMID: 32924323 PMCID: PMC7821006 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Tropical Africa is home to an astonishing biodiversity occurring in a variety of ecosystems. Past climatic change and geological events have impacted the evolution and diversification of this biodiversity. During the last two decades, around 90 dated molecular phylogenies of different clades across animals and plants have been published leading to an increased understanding of the diversification and speciation processes generating tropical African biodiversity. In parallel, extended geological and palaeoclimatic records together with detailed numerical simulations have refined our understanding of past geological and climatic changes in Africa. To date, these important advances have not been reviewed within a common framework. Here, we critically review and synthesize African climate, tectonics and terrestrial biodiversity evolution throughout the Cenozoic to the mid-Pleistocene, drawing on recent advances in Earth and life sciences. We first review six major geo-climatic periods defining tropical African biodiversity diversification by synthesizing 89 dated molecular phylogeny studies. Two major geo-climatic factors impacting the diversification of the sub-Saharan biota are highlighted. First, Africa underwent numerous climatic fluctuations at ancient and more recent timescales, with tectonic, greenhouse gas, and orbital forcing stimulating diversification. Second, increased aridification since the Late Eocene led to important extinction events, but also provided unique diversification opportunities shaping the current tropical African biodiversity landscape. We then review diversification studies of tropical terrestrial animal and plant clades and discuss three major models of speciation: (i) geographic speciation via vicariance (allopatry); (ii) ecological speciation impacted by climate and geological changes, and (iii) genomic speciation via genome duplication. Geographic speciation has been the most widely documented to date and is a common speciation model across tropical Africa. We conclude with four important challenges faced by tropical African biodiversity research: (i) to increase knowledge by gathering basic and fundamental biodiversity information; (ii) to improve modelling of African geophysical evolution throughout the Cenozoic via better constraints and downscaling approaches; (iii) to increase the precision of phylogenetic reconstruction and molecular dating of tropical African clades by using next generation sequencing approaches together with better fossil calibrations; (iv) finally, as done here, to integrate data better from Earth and life sciences by focusing on the interdisciplinary study of the evolution of tropical African biodiversity in a wider geodiversity context.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gilles Dauby
- AMAP Lab, IRD, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAUniversity of MontpellierMontpellierFrance
- Laboratoire d'évolution Biologique et Ecologie, Faculté des SciencesUniversité Libre de BruxellesCP160/12, Avenue F.D. Roosevelt 50Brussels1050Belgium
| | - Anne Blach‐Overgaard
- Section for Ecoinformatics & Biodiversity, Department of BiologyAarhus UniversityNy Munkegade 114Aarhus CDK‐8000Denmark
- Center for Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing World (BIOCHANGE), Department of BiologyAarhus UniversityNy Munkegade 114Aarhus CDK‐8000Denmark
| | - Vincent Deblauwe
- Center for Tropical Research (CTR), Institute of the Environment and SustainabilityUniversity of California, Los Angeles (UCLA)Los AngelesCA90095U.S.A.
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA)YaoundéCameroon
| | | | - Vincent Droissart
- AMAP Lab, IRD, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAUniversity of MontpellierMontpellierFrance
- Laboratoire de Botanique Systématique et d'Écologie, École Normale SupérieureUniversité de Yaoundé IPO Box 047YaoundéCameroon
- Herbarium et Bibliothèque de Botanique AfricaineUniversité Libre de BruxellesBoulevard du TriompheBrusselsB‐1050Belgium
- Africa & Madagascar DepartmentMissouri Botanical GardenSt. LouisMOU.S.A.
| | - Oliver J. Hardy
- Laboratoire d'évolution Biologique et Ecologie, Faculté des SciencesUniversité Libre de BruxellesCP160/12, Avenue F.D. Roosevelt 50Brussels1050Belgium
| | - David J. Harris
- Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh20A Inverleith RowEdinburghU.K.
| | | | - Alexandra C. Ley
- Institut für Geobotanik und Botanischer GartenUniversity Halle‐WittenbergNeuwerk 21Halle06108Germany
| | | | - Bonaventure Sonké
- Laboratoire de Botanique Systématique et d'Écologie, École Normale SupérieureUniversité de Yaoundé IPO Box 047YaoundéCameroon
| | | | - Tariq Stévart
- Herbarium et Bibliothèque de Botanique AfricaineUniversité Libre de BruxellesBoulevard du TriompheBrusselsB‐1050Belgium
- Africa & Madagascar DepartmentMissouri Botanical GardenSt. LouisMOU.S.A.
| | - Jens‐Christian Svenning
- Section for Ecoinformatics & Biodiversity, Department of BiologyAarhus UniversityNy Munkegade 114Aarhus CDK‐8000Denmark
- Center for Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing World (BIOCHANGE), Department of BiologyAarhus UniversityNy Munkegade 114Aarhus CDK‐8000Denmark
| | - Jan J. Wieringa
- Naturalis Biodiversity CenterDarwinweg 2Leiden2333 CRThe Netherlands
| | - Adama Faye
- Laboratoire National de Recherches sur les Productions Végétales (LNRPV)Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles (ISRA)Route des Hydrocarbures, Bel Air BP 1386‐ CP18524DakarSenegal
| | - Alain D. Missoup
- Zoology Unit, Laboratory of Biology and Physiology of Animal Organisms, Faculty of ScienceUniversity of DoualaPO Box 24157DoualaCameroon
| | - Krystal A. Tolley
- South African National Biodiversity InstituteKirstenbosch Research CentrePrivate Bag X7, ClaremontCape Town7735South Africa
- School of Animal, Plant and Environmental SciencesUniversity of the WitwatersrandPrivate Bag 3Wits2050South Africa
| | - Violaine Nicolas
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, EPHEUniversité des AntillesCP51, 57 rue CuvierParis75005France
| | - Stéphan Ntie
- Département de Biologie, Faculté des SciencesUniversité des Sciences et Techniques de MasukuFrancevilleBP 941Gabon
| | - Frédiéric Fluteau
- Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, CNRSUniversité de ParisParisF‐75005France
| | - Cécile Robin
- CNRS, Géosciences Rennes, UMR6118University of RennesRennes35042France
| | | | - Doris Barboni
- CEREGE, Aix‐Marseille University, CNRS, IRD, Collège de France, INRA, Technopole Arbois MéditerranéeBP80Aix‐en‐Provence cedex413545France
| | - Pierre Sepulchre
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, LSCE/IPSL, CEA‐CNRS‐UVSQUniversité Paris‐SaclayGif‐sur‐YvetteF‐91191France
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11
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Rodriguez G, Fikáček M, Minoshima YN, Archangelsky M, Torres PLM. Going underwater: multiple origins and functional morphology of piercing-sucking feeding and tracheal system adaptations in water scavenger beetle larvae (Coleoptera: Hydrophiloidea). Zool J Linn Soc 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Larvae of water scavenger beetles (Coleoptera: Hydrophiloidea) are adapted to a wide variety of aquatic habitats, but little is known about functional and evolutionary aspects of these adaptations. We review the functional morphology and evolution of feeding strategies of larvae of the families Hydrophilidae and Epimetopidae based on a detailed scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis, analysis of video records of feeding behaviour and observations of living larvae. There are two main types of feeding mechanisms: chewing and piercing-sucking. The character mapping using the latest phylogenetic hypothesis for Hydrophiloidea infers the chewing system as the ancestral condition. The piercing-sucking mechanism evolved at least four times independently: once in Epimetopidae (Epimetopus) and three times in Hydrophilidae (Berosini: Berosus + Hemiosus; Laccobiini: Laccobius group; Hydrobiusini: Hybogralius). The piercing-sucking apparatus allows underwater extra-oral digestion and decreases the dependence of larvae on an aerial environment. A detailed study of the tracheal morphology of the piercing-sucking lineages reveals four independent origins of the apneustic respiratory system, all of them nested within lineages with piercing-sucking mouthparts. We conclude that piercing-sucking mouthparts represent a key innovation, which allows for the subsequent adaptation of the tracheal system, influences the diversification dynamics of the lineages and allows the shift to new adaptive zones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgina Rodriguez
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Laboratorio de Entomología, CONICET, Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada (IBBEA), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, C1428EGA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Martin Fikáček
- Department of Zoology, National Museum, Praha 9, Czech Republic and Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Praha 2, Czech Republic
| | - Yȗsuke N Minoshima
- Natural History Division, Kitakyushu Museum of Natural History and Human History, 2-4-1 Higashida, Yahatahigashi-ku, Kitakyushu-shi, Fukuoka, 805-0071 Japan
| | - Miguel Archangelsky
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones en Ecología y Sistemática Animal (LIESA), Centro de Investigaciones Esquel de Montaña y Estepa Patagónica (CIEMEP) (CONICET e UNPSJB), Roca 780, 9200 Esquel, Chubut, Argentina
| | - Patricia L M Torres
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Laboratorio de Entomología, CONICET, Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada (IBBEA), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, C1428EGA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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12
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Lam AW, Gueuning M, Kindler C, Van Dam M, Alvarez N, Panjaitan R, Shaverdo H, White LT, Roderick GK, Balke M. Phylogeography and population genomics of a lotic water beetle across a complex tropical landscape. Mol Ecol 2018; 27:3346-3356. [PMID: 30010208 DOI: 10.1111/mec.14796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The habitat template concept applied to a freshwater system indicates that lotic species, or those which occupy permanent habitats along stream courses, are less dispersive than lentic species, or those that occur in more ephemeral aquatic habitats. Thus, populations of lotic species will be more structured than those of lentic species. Stream courses include both flowing water and small, stagnant microhabitats that can provide refuge when streams are low. Many species occur in these microhabitats but remain poorly studied. Here, we present population genetic data for one such species, the tropical diving beetle Exocelina manokwariensis (Dytiscidae), sampled from six localities along a ~300 km transect across the Birds Head Peninsula of New Guinea. Molecular data from both mitochondrial (CO1 sequences) and nuclear (ddRAD loci) regions document fine-scale population structure across populations that are ~45 km apart. Our results are concordant with previous phylogenetic and macroecological studies that applied the habitat template concept to aquatic systems. This study also illustrates that these diverse but mostly overlooked microhabitats are promising study systems in freshwater ecology and evolutionary biology. With the advent of next-generation sequencing, fine-scale population genomic studies are feasible for small nonmodel organisms to help illuminate the effect of habitat stability on species' natural history, population structure and geographic distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athena Wai Lam
- SNSB-Zoologische Staatssammlung München, Munich, Germany
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, California
- Institute for Biodiversity Science and Sustainability, California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, California
| | - Morgan Gueuning
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Biophore, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Competence Division for Research Technology and Knowledge Exchange, Method Development and Analytics, Agroscope, Wädenswil, Switzerland
- Institute of Biology, University of Neuchatel, Neuchatel, Switzerland
| | | | - Matthew Van Dam
- SNSB-Zoologische Staatssammlung München, Munich, Germany
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, California
- Institute for Biodiversity Science and Sustainability, California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, California
| | - Nadir Alvarez
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Biophore, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Rawati Panjaitan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, State University of Papua (UNIPA), Manokwari, West Papua, Indonesia
| | | | - Lloyd T White
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - George K Roderick
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, California
| | - Michael Balke
- SNSB-Zoologische Staatssammlung München, Munich, Germany
- GeoBioCenter, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
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13
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Simon S, Sagasser S, Saccenti E, Brugler MR, Schranz ME, Hadrys H, Amato G, DeSalle R. Comparative transcriptomics reveal developmental turning points during embryogenesis of a hemimetabolous insect, the damselfly Ischnura elegans. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13547. [PMID: 29051502 PMCID: PMC5648782 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13176-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Identifying transcriptional changes during embryogenesis is of crucial importance for unravelling evolutionary, molecular and cellular mechanisms that underpin patterning and morphogenesis. However, comparative studies focusing on early/embryonic stages during insect development are limited to a few taxa. Drosophila melanogaster is the paradigm for insect development, whereas comparative transcriptomic studies of embryonic stages of hemimetabolous insects are completely lacking. We reconstructed the first comparative transcriptome covering the daily embryonic developmental progression of the blue-tailed damselfly Ischnura elegans (Odonata), an ancient hemimetabolous representative. We identified a "core" set of 6,794 transcripts - shared by all embryonic stages - which are mainly involved in anatomical structure development and cellular nitrogen compound metabolic processes. We further used weighted gene co-expression network analysis to identify transcriptional changes during Odonata embryogenesis. Based on these analyses distinct clusters of transcriptional active sequences could be revealed, indicating that embryos at different development stages have their own transcriptomic profile according to the developmental events and leading to sequential reprogramming of metabolic and developmental genes. Interestingly, a major change in transcriptionally active sequences is correlated with katatrepsis (revolution) during mid-embryogenesis, a 180° rotation of the embryo within the egg and specific to hemimetabolous insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Simon
- Biosystematics Group, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
- Sackler Institute for Comparative Genomics, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West and 79th St., New York, NY, 10024, USA.
| | - Sven Sagasser
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Karolinska Institutet, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Edoardo Saccenti
- Laboratory of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mercer R Brugler
- Sackler Institute for Comparative Genomics, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West and 79th St., New York, NY, 10024, USA
- Biological Sciences Department, NYC College of Technology, City University of New York, 300 Jay Street, Brooklyn, New York, 11201, USA
| | - M Eric Schranz
- Biosystematics Group, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Heike Hadrys
- Sackler Institute for Comparative Genomics, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West and 79th St., New York, NY, 10024, USA
- ITZ, Ecology&Evolution, University of Veterinary Medicine Hanover, Buenteweg 17d, D-30559, Hannover, Germany
- Yale University, Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, 165 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - George Amato
- Sackler Institute for Comparative Genomics, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West and 79th St., New York, NY, 10024, USA
| | - Rob DeSalle
- Sackler Institute for Comparative Genomics, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West and 79th St., New York, NY, 10024, USA
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Long-term genetic monitoring of a riverine dragonfly, Orthetrum coerulescens (Odonata: Libellulidae]: Direct anthropogenic impact versus climate change effects. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178014. [PMID: 28552975 PMCID: PMC5446129 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Modern conservationists call for long term genetic monitoring datasets to evaluate and understand the impact of human activities on natural ecosystems and species on a global but also local scale. However, long-term monitoring datasets are still rare but in high demand to correctly identify, evaluate and respond to environmental changes. In the presented study, a population of the riverine dragonfly, Orthetrum coerulescens (Odonata: Libellulidae), was monitored over a time period from 1989 to 2013. Study site was an artificial irrigation ditch in one of the last European stone steppes and “nature heritage”, the Crau in Southern France. This artificial riverine habitat has an unusual high diversity of odonate species, prominent indicators for evaluating freshwater habitats. A clearing of the canal and destruction of the bank vegetation in 1996 was assumed to have great negative impact on the odonate larval and adult populations. Two mitochondrial markers (CO1 & ND1) and a panel of nuclear microsatellite loci were used to assess the genetic diversity. Over time they revealed a dramatic decline in diversity parameters between the years 2004 and 2007, however not between 1996 and 1997. From 2007 onwards the population shows a stabilizing trend but has not reached the amount of genetic variation found at the beginning of this survey. This decline cannot be referred to the clearing of the canal or any other direct anthropogenic impact. Instead, it is most likely that the populations’ decay was due to by extreme weather conditions during the specific years. A severe drought was recorded for the summer months of these years, leading to reduced water levels in the canal causing also other water parameters to change, and therefore impacting temperature sensitive riverine habitat specialists like the O. coerulescens in a significant way. The data provide important insights into population genetic dynamics and metrics not always congruent with traditional monitoring data (e.g. abundance); a fact that should be regarded with caution when management plans for developed landscapes are designed.
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15
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Torres-Pachón M, Novelo-Gutiérrez R, Espinosa de los Monteros A. Phylogenetic analysis of the genus Argia Rambur, 1842 (Odonata: Coenagrionidae), based on morphological characters of larvae and mitochondrial DNA sequences. ORG DIVERS EVOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s13127-017-0325-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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16
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Letsch H, Gottsberger B, Ware JL. Not going with the flow: a comprehensive time-calibrated phylogeny of dragonflies (Anisoptera: Odonata: Insecta) provides evidence for the role of lentic habitats on diversification. Mol Ecol 2016; 25:1340-53. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.13562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2015] [Revised: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Harald Letsch
- Department für Botanik und Biodiversitätsforschung; Universität Wien; Rennweg 14 A-1030 Vienna Austria
| | - Brigitte Gottsberger
- Department für Botanik und Biodiversitätsforschung; Universität Wien; Rennweg 14 A-1030 Vienna Austria
| | - Jessica L. Ware
- Department of Biology; Rutgers University; 195 University Ave Newark NJ 07102 USA
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17
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De Marco Júnior P, Batista JD, Cabette HSR. Community assembly of adult odonates in tropical streams: an ecophysiological hypothesis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0123023. [PMID: 25906243 PMCID: PMC4407983 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Community assembly theory is founded on the premise that the relative importance of local environmental processes and dispersal shapes the compositional structure of metacommunities. The species sorting model predicts that assemblages are dominated by the environmental filtering of species that are readily able to disperse to suitable sites. We propose an ecophysiological hypothesis (EH) for the mechanism underlying the organization of species-sorting odonate metacommunities based on the interplay of thermoregulation, body size and the degree of sunlight availability in small-to-medium tropical streams. Due to thermoregulatory restrictions, the EH predicts (i) that larger species are disfavored in small streams and (ii) that streams exhibit a nested compositional pattern characterized by species' size distribution. To test the EH, we evaluate the longitudinal distribution of adult Odonata at 19 sites in 1st- to 6th-order streams in the Tropical Cerrado of Brazil. With increasing channel width, the total abundance and species richness of Anisoptera increased, while the abundance of Zygoptera decreased. The first axis of an ordination analysis of the species abundance data was directly related to channel width. Mean and maximum thorax size are positively correlated to channel width, but no relationship was found for the minimum thorax size, suggesting that there is no lower size constraint on the occurrence of these species. Additionally, a nested compositional pattern related to body size was observed. Our results support the EH and its use as an ecological assembly rule based on abiotic factors. Forest cover functions as a filter to determine which species successfully colonize a given site within a metacommunity. As a consequence, the EH also indicates higher treats for small-bodied zygopterans in relation to the loss of riparian forests in tropical streams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo De Marco Júnior
- Laboratorio de Teoria, Metacomunidades e Ecologia de Paisagens, Departamento de Ecologia, ICB, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brasil
| | - Joana Darc Batista
- Laboratório de Entomologia, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso (UNEMAT), Nova Xavantina, MT, Brasil
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19
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Dijkstra KDB, Monaghan MT, Pauls SU. Freshwater biodiversity and aquatic insect diversification. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENTOMOLOGY 2014; 59:143-63. [PMID: 24160433 PMCID: PMC4816856 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ento-011613-161958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Inland waters cover less than 1% of Earth's surface but harbor more than 6% of all insect species: Nearly 100,000 species from 12 orders spend one or more life stages in freshwater. Little is known about how this remarkable diversity arose, although allopatric speciation and ecological adaptation are thought to be primary mechanisms. Freshwater habitats are highly susceptible to environmental change and exhibit marked ecological gradients. Standing waters appear to harbor more dispersive species than running waters, but there is little understanding of how this fundamental ecological difference has affected diversification. In contrast to the lack of evolutionary studies, the ecology and habitat preferences of aquatic insects have been intensively studied, in part because of their widespread use as bioindicators. The combination of phylogenetics with the extensive ecological data provides a promising avenue for future research, making aquatic insects highly suitable models for the study of ecological diversification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaas-Douwe B. Dijkstra
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, P.O. Box 9517, 2300 RA, Leiden, The
Netherlands, and University Museum of Zoology, Cambridge, CB2 3EJ, United Kingdom
| | - Michael T. Monaghan
- Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB),
12587 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Steffen U. Pauls
- Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Frankfurt, Germany and
Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt, Frankfurt,
Germany;
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20
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Feindt W, Fincke O, Hadrys H. Still a one species genus? Strong genetic diversification in the world’s largest living odonate, the Neotropical damselfly Megaloprepus caerulatus. CONSERV GENET 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-013-0554-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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21
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Outomuro D, Dijkstra KDB, Johansson F. Habitat variation and wing coloration affect wing shape evolution in dragonflies. J Evol Biol 2013; 26:1866-74. [PMID: 23837400 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.12203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Revised: 05/21/2013] [Accepted: 05/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Habitats are spatially and temporally variable, and organisms must be able to track these changes. One potential mechanism for this is dispersal by flight. Therefore, we would expect flying animals to show adaptations in wing shape related to habitat variation. In this work, we explored variation in wing shape in relation to preferred water body (flowing water or standing water with tolerance for temporary conditions) and landscape (forested to open) using 32 species of dragonflies of the genus Trithemis (80% of the known species). We included a potential source of variation linked to sexual selection: the extent of wing coloration on hindwings. We used geometric morphometric methods for studying wing shape. We also explored the phenotypic correlation of wing shape between the sexes. We found that wing shape showed a phylogenetic structure and therefore also ran phylogenetic independent contrasts. After correcting for the phylogenetic effects, we found (i) no significant effect of water body on wing shape; (ii) male forewings and female hindwings differed with regard to landscape, being progressively broader from forested to open habitats; (iii) hindwings showed a wider base in wings with more coloration, especially in males; and (iv) evidence for phenotypic correlation of wing shape between the sexes across species. Hence, our results suggest that natural and sexual selection are acting partially independently on fore- and hindwings and with differences between the sexes, despite evidence for phenotypic correlation of wing shape between males and females.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Outomuro
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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22
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Bergmann T, Rach J, Damm S, DeSalle R, Schierwater B, Hadrys H. The potential of distance-based thresholds and character-based DNA barcoding for defining problematic taxonomic entities by CO1 and ND1. Mol Ecol Resour 2013; 13:1069-81. [DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.12125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2012] [Accepted: 04/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. Bergmann
- ITZ Ecology & Evolution; TiHo Hannover; Bünteweg 17d; D-30559; Hannover; Germany
| | - J. Rach
- ITZ Ecology & Evolution; TiHo Hannover; Bünteweg 17d; D-30559; Hannover; Germany
| | - S. Damm
- ITZ Ecology & Evolution; TiHo Hannover; Bünteweg 17d; D-30559; Hannover; Germany
| | - R. DeSalle
- American Museum of Natural History; The Sackler Institute for Comparative Genomics; New York; NY; 10024; USA
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Johnston AR, Anthony NM. A multi-locus species phylogeny of African forest duikers in the subfamily Cephalophinae: evidence for a recent radiation in the Pleistocene. BMC Evol Biol 2012; 12:120. [PMID: 22823504 PMCID: PMC3523051 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-12-120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2011] [Accepted: 07/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Duikers in the subfamily Cephalophinae are a group of tropical forest mammals believed to have first originated during the late Miocene. However, knowledge of phylogenetic relationships, pattern and timing of their subsequent radiation is poorly understood. Here we present the first multi-locus phylogeny of this threatened group of tropical artiodactyls and use a Bayesian uncorrelated molecular clock to estimate divergence times. Results A total of 4152 bp of sequence data was obtained from two mitochondrial genes and four nuclear introns. Phylogenies were estimated using maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood, and Bayesian analysis of concatenated mitochondrial, nuclear and combined datasets. A relaxed molecular clock with two fossil calibration points was used to estimate divergence times. The first was based on the age of the split between the two oldest subfamilies within the Bovidae whereas the second was based on the earliest known fossil appearance of the Cephalophinae and molecular divergence time estimates for the oldest lineages within this group. Findings indicate strong support for four major lineages within the subfamily, all of which date to the late Miocene/early Pliocene. The first of these to diverge was the dwarf duiker genus Philantomba, followed by the giant, eastern and western red duiker lineages, all within the genus Cephalophus. While these results uphold the recognition of Philantomba, they do not support the monotypic savanna-specialist genus Sylvicapra, which as sister to the giant duikers leaves Cephalophus paraphyletic. BEAST analyses indicate that most sister species pairs originated during the Pleistocene, suggesting that repeated glacial cycling may have played an important role in the recent diversification of this group. Furthermore, several red duiker sister species pairs appear to be either paraphyletic (C.callipygus/C. ogilbyi and C. harveyi/C. natalensis) or exhibit evidence of mitochondrial admixture (C. nigrifrons and C. rufilatus), consistent with their recent divergence and/or possible hybridization with each other. Conclusions Molecular phylogenetic analyses suggest that Pleistocene-era climatic oscillations have played an important role in the speciation of this largely forest-dwelling group. Our results also reveal the most well supported species phylogeny for the subfamily to date, but also highlight several areas of inconsistency between our current understanding of duiker taxonomy and the evolutionary relationships depicted here. These findings may therefore prove particularly relevant to future conservation efforts, given that many species are presently regulated under the Convention for Trade in Endangered Species.
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Damm S, Hadrys H. A dragonfly in the desert: genetic pathways of the widespread Trithemis arteriosa (Odonata: Libellulidae) suggest male-biased dispersal. ORG DIVERS EVOL 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s13127-012-0079-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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25
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Phylogeny, classification and taxonomy of European dragonflies and damselflies (Odonata): a review. ORG DIVERS EVOL 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s13127-012-0080-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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26
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Damm S, Schierwater B, Hadrys H. An integrative approach to species discovery in odonates: from character-based DNA barcoding to ecology. Mol Ecol 2010; 19:3881-93. [PMID: 20701681 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2010.04720.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Modern taxonomy requires an analytical approach incorporating all lines of evidence into decision-making. Such an approach can enhance both species identification and species discovery. The character-based DNA barcode method provides a molecular data set that can be incorporated into classical taxonomic data such that the discovery of new species can be made in an analytical framework that includes multiple sources of data. We here illustrate such a corroborative framework in a dragonfly model system that permits the discovery of two new, but visually cryptic species. In the African dragonfly genus Trithemis three distinct genetic clusters can be detected which could not be identified by using classical taxonomic characters. In order to test the hypothesis of two new species, DNA-barcodes from different sequence markers (ND1 and COI) were combined with morphological, ecological and biogeographic data sets. Phylogenetic analyses and incorporation of all data sets into a scheme called taxonomic circle highly supports the hypothesis of two new species. Our case study suggests an analytical approach to modern taxonomy that integrates data sets from different disciplines, thereby increasing the ease and reliability of both species discovery and species assignment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Damm
- ITZ, Ecology & Evolution, TiHo Hannover, Hannover, Germany.
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