1
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Halliwell B, Cheah I. Are age-related neurodegenerative diseases caused by a lack of the diet-derived compound ergothioneine? Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 217:60-67. [PMID: 38492784 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
We propose that the diet-derived compound ergothioneine (ET) is an important nutrient in the human body, especially for maintenance of normal brain function, and that low body ET levels predispose humans to significantly increased risks of neurodegenerative (cognitive impairment, dementia, Parkinson's disease) and possibly other age-related diseases (including frailty, cardiovascular disease, and eye disease). Hence, restoring ET levels in the body could assist in mitigating these risks, which are rapidly increasing due to ageing populations globally. Prevention of neurodegeneration is especially important, since by the time dementia is usually diagnosed damage to the brain is extensive and likely irreversible. ET and vitamin E from the diet may act in parallel or even synergistically to protect different parts of the brain; both may be "neuroprotective vitamins". The present article reviews the substantial scientific basis supporting these proposals about the role of ET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry Halliwell
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Centre for Life Sciences, #05-01A, 28 Medical Drive, 117456, Singapore.
| | - Irwin Cheah
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Centre for Life Sciences, #05-01A, 28 Medical Drive, 117456, Singapore.
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2
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Chen L, Zhang L, Ye X, Deng Z, Zhao C. Ergothioneine and its congeners: anti-ageing mechanisms and pharmacophore biosynthesis. Protein Cell 2024; 15:191-206. [PMID: 37561026 PMCID: PMC10903977 DOI: 10.1093/procel/pwad048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Ergothioneine, Ovothiol, and Selenoneine are sulfur/selenium-containing histidine-derived natural products widely distributed across different organisms. They exhibit significant antioxidant properties, making them as potential lead compounds for promoting health. Increasing evidence suggests that Ergothioneine is positively correlated with healthy ageing and longevity. The mechanisms underlying Ergothioneine's regulation of the ageing process at cellular and molecular levels are beginning to be understood. In this review, we provide an in-depth and extensive coverage of the anti-ageing studies on Ergothioneine and discuss its possible intracellular targeting pathways. In addition, we highlight the recent efforts in elucidating the biosynthetic details for Ergothioneine, Ovothiol, and Selenoneine, with a particular focus on the study of their pharmacophore-forming enzymology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Chen
- Department of Geriatrics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Key Laboratory of Combinatory Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Liping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Combinatory Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xujun Ye
- Department of Geriatrics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Zixin Deng
- Department of Geriatrics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Key Laboratory of Combinatory Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Changming Zhao
- Department of Geriatrics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Key Laboratory of Combinatory Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
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3
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Wang J, Hua G, Yang X, Zhang L, Ma Y, Ma Q, Li R, Wu K, Zhao Y, Deng X. A newly identified small tRNA fragment reveals the regulation of different wool types and oxidative stress in lambs. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10213. [PMID: 37353550 PMCID: PMC10290153 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36895-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Novel small RNAs derived from tRNAs are continuously identified, however, their biological functions are rarely reported. Here, we accidentally found the reads peak at 32nt during statistical analysis on the miRNA-seq data of lamb skin tissue, and found that it was related to the wool type of lambs. This 32nt peak was composed of small tRNA fragments. The main component sequence of this peak was a novel small tRNA derived from Glycyl tRNA (tRNAGly), the expression level of tRNAGly-derived tRNA fragments (tRFGly) was 5.77 folds higher in the coarse wool lambs than that in the fine wool lambs. However, in contrast, the expression of tRNAGly in the skin of fine wool lambs is 6.28 folds more than that in coarse wool lambs. tRNAGly promoted the synthesis of high glycine protein including KAP6 in fine wool lamb skin. These proteins were reported as the major genes for fine curly wool. Integrative analysis of target gene prediction, proteomics and metabolomics results revealed that tRFGly reduced the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the skin of coarse wool lambs by targeted inhibition of the Metabolic signal and the corresponding Glutathione metabolic pathway, on the contrary, the level of oxidative stress in the skin of fine wool lambs was significantly higher. This study revealed for the first time the relationship between tRNAGly and its derived tRFGly and animal traits. tRFGly has the function of targeting and regulating protein synthesis. At the same time, tRFGly can reduce the expression of its resource complete tRNA, thereby reducing its ability to transport specific amino acid and affecting the expression of corresponding proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiankui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding & Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture & Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Guoying Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding & Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture & Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xue Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding & Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture & Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Letian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding & Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture & Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yuhao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding & Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture & Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Qing Ma
- Animal Science Institute of Ningxia Agriculture and Forestry Academy, Yinchuan, 750002, China
| | - Rui Li
- Jinfeng Animal Husbandry Group Co., Ltd., Chifeng, 024000, China
| | - Keliang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding & Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture & Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yaofeng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding & Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture & Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xuemei Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding & Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture & Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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4
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Xiong K, Xue S, Guo H, Dai Y, Ji C, Dong L, Zhang S. Ergothioneine: new functional factor in fermented foods. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-12. [PMID: 36891762 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2185766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Abstract
Ergothioneine (EGT) is a high-value natural sulfur-containing amino acid and has been shown to possess extremely potent antioxidant and cytoprotective activities. At present, EGT has been widely used in food, functional food, cosmetics, medicine, and other industries, but its low yield is still an urgent problem to overcome. This review briefly introduced the biological activities and functions of EGT, and expounded its specific applications in food, functional food, cosmetic, and medical industries, introduced and compared the main production methods of EGT and respective biosynthetic pathways in different microorganisms. Furthermore, the use of genetic and metabolic engineering methods to improve EGT production was discussed. In addition, the incorporation of some food-derived EGT-producing strains into fermentation process will allow the EGT to act as a new functional factor in the fermented foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexin Xiong
- School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Siyu Xue
- School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Hui Guo
- School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Yiwei Dai
- School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Chaofan Ji
- School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Liang Dong
- School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Sufang Zhang
- School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
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5
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Safe and Effective Antioxidant: The Biological Mechanism and Potential Pathways of Ergothioneine in the Skin. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041648. [PMID: 36838636 PMCID: PMC9967237 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Ergothioneine, a sulfur-containing micromolecular histidine derivative, has attracted increasing attention from scholars since it was confirmed in the human body. In the human body, ergothioneine is transported and accumulated specifically through OCTN-1, especially in the mitochondria and nucleus, suggesting that it can target damaged cells and tissues as an antioxidant. It shows excellent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory effects, and anti-aging properties, and inhibits melanin production. It is a mega antioxidant that may participate in the antioxidant network system and promote the reducing glutathione regeneration cycle. This review summarizes studies on the antioxidant effects of ergothioneine on various free radicals in vitro to date and systematically introduces its biological activities and potential mechanisms, mostly in dermatology. Additionally, the application of ergothioneine in cosmetics is briefly summarized. Lastly, we propose some problems that require solutions to understand the mechanism of action of ergothioneine. We believe that ergothioneine has good prospects in the food and cosmetics industries, and can thus meet some needs of the health and beauty industry.
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Dumitrescu DG, Gordon EM, Kovalyova Y, Seminara AB, Duncan-Lowey B, Forster ER, Zhou W, Booth CJ, Shen A, Kranzusch PJ, Hatzios SK. A microbial transporter of the dietary antioxidant ergothioneine. Cell 2022; 185:4526-4540.e18. [PMID: 36347253 PMCID: PMC9691600 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Low-molecular-weight (LMW) thiols are small-molecule antioxidants required for the maintenance of intracellular redox homeostasis. However, many host-associated microbes, including the gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori, unexpectedly lack LMW-thiol biosynthetic pathways. Using reactivity-guided metabolomics, we identified the unusual LMW thiol ergothioneine (EGT) in H. pylori. Dietary EGT accumulates to millimolar levels in human tissues and has been broadly implicated in mitigating disease risk. Although certain microorganisms synthesize EGT, we discovered that H. pylori acquires this LMW thiol from the host environment using a highly selective ATP-binding cassette transporter-EgtUV. EgtUV confers a competitive colonization advantage in vivo and is widely conserved in gastrointestinal microbes. Furthermore, we found that human fecal bacteria metabolize EGT, which may contribute to production of the disease-associated metabolite trimethylamine N-oxide. Collectively, our findings illustrate a previously unappreciated mechanism of microbial redox regulation in the gut and suggest that inter-kingdom competition for dietary EGT may broadly impact human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel G Dumitrescu
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Microbial Sciences Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Gordon
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Microbial Sciences Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - Yekaterina Kovalyova
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Microbial Sciences Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - Anna B Seminara
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Microbial Sciences Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT 06516, USA; Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Brianna Duncan-Lowey
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Emily R Forster
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA; Graduate Program in Molecular Microbiology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Wen Zhou
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Carmen J Booth
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Aimee Shen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Philip J Kranzusch
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Stavroula K Hatzios
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Microbial Sciences Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT 06516, USA.
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7
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Elder J, Broome JA, Bushnell EAC. Computational Insights into the Regeneration of Ovothiol and Ergothioneine and Their Selenium Analogues by Glutathione. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:31813-31821. [PMID: 36120043 PMCID: PMC9476190 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c02506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Ovothiol and ergothioneine are powerful antioxidants that readily react with oxidants by forming their respective disulfides. In fact, ovothiol is widely considered one of the most powerful natural antioxidants. However, for these antioxidants to be again involved in reacting with oxidants, they must be regenerated via the reduction of the disulfide bonds. In the present work, the regeneration of the antioxidants ovothiol and ergothioneine and their selenium analogues, by the closed-shell nucleophilic attack of glutathione, was investigated using density functional theory. From the calculated thermodynamic data, the attack of glutathione on OSSO and EYYE (where Y = S and/or Se) will readily occur in solution. Moreover, in comparison to the reference reaction GSH + GSSG → GSSG + GSH, all reactions are expected to be faster. Overall, the results presented herein show that the key antioxidant GSH should readily recycle ovothiol, ovoselenol, ergothioneine, and ergoseloneine from OYYO and EYYE (where Y = S and/or Se).
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8
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Abstract
Significance: Ergothioneine (ET) is an unusual sulfur-containing amino acid derived from histidine, acquired predominantly from food. Its depletion is associated with deleterious consequences in response to stress stimuli in cell culture models, prompting us to classify it as a vitamin in 2010, which was later supported by in vivo studies. ET is obtained from a variety of foods and is taken up by a selective transporter. ET possesses antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties that confer cytoprotection. ET crosses the blood-brain barrier and has been reported to have beneficial effects in the brain. In this study, we discuss the cytoprotective and neuroprotective properties of ET, which may be harnessed for combating neurodegeneration and decline during aging. Recent Advances: The designation of ET as a stress vitamin is gaining momentum, opening a new field of investigation involving small molecules that are essential for optimal physiological functioning and maintenance of health span. Critical Issues: Although ET was discovered more than a century ago, its physiological functions are still being elucidated, especially in the brain. As ET is present in most foods, toxicity associated with its deprivation has been difficult to assess. Future Directions: Using genetically engineered cells and mice, it may now be possible to elucidate roles of ET. This coupled with advances in genomics and metabolomics may lead to identification of ET function. As ET is a stable antioxidant with anti-inflammatory properties, whose levels decline during aging, supplementing ET in the diet or consuming an ET-rich diet may prove beneficial. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 36, 1306-1317.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bindu D Paul
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, and Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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9
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Pang L, Wang T, Liao Q, Cheng Y, Wang D, Li J, Fu C, Zhang C, Zhang J. Protective role of ergothioneine isolated from Pleurotus ostreatus against dextran sulfate sodium-induced ulcerative colitis in rat model. J Food Sci 2021; 87:415-426. [PMID: 34873706 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.15982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The well-acknowledged sulfur-containing amino acid ergothioneine (EGT), which is usually perceived to be produced from fungi, cyanobacteria, and mushrooms, has been increasingly demonstrated as a diet-derived antioxidant with therapeutic potential. However, little is known regarding the therapeutic benefit against ulcerative colitis of EGT. Meanwhile, few studies have reported whether EGT could be produced by Pleurotus ostreatus, which is the second most cultivated edible mushroom worldwide, with ideal economic and ecological values and medicinal properties. In the current study, EGT was primarily extracted and isolated from P. ostreatus by water extraction and alcohol precipitation. Then, the Sephadex G-10 gel permeation chromatography and preparative high-performance liquid chromatography were employed in order to purify and collect EGT. Based on nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum characterization, the content of EGT extracted from P. ostreatus is 1.916 mg/g (the weight of EGT is the same as that of dry P. ostreatus). Finally, both the antioxidant activity in vitro and potential effects of EGT on dextran sulfate sodium-induced ulcerative colitis in rats were investigated. The results showed that the collected EGT exhibited strong antioxidant activity with a concentration-dependent manner in 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2'-azinobis (3-ethylbenzoline-6-sulphonic acid) assays. The oral administration of EGT can significantly alleviate colon length shortening and colonic pathological damage, mediated by downregulating the expression of pro-inflammatory factors and inhibiting TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway. Therefore, this study demonstrated that EGT from P. ostreatus would be an excellent dietary compound to ameliorate ulcerative colitis. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: In order to develop Pleurotus ostreatus as a functional food and related products for the prevention and treatment of ulcerative colitis, the separation and purification technology of ergothioneine (EGT) from P. ostreatus was studied, which not only provided a new and broader source for the acquisition and development of EGT, but also provided a basis for the development of EGT as a drug against UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of traditional Chinese medicine pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital/Clinical Medical College of Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qian Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanfen Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Di Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingjing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Chaomei Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Qiu Y, Chen Z, Su E, Wang L, Sun L, Lei P, Xu H, Li S. Recent Strategies for the Biosynthesis of Ergothioneine. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:13682-13690. [PMID: 34757754 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c05280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Ergothioneine (EGT) is a unique naturally occurring amino acid that is usually biosynthesized by bacteria and fungi. As a food-derived antioxidant and cytoprotectant, it has several physiological benefits and has a wide range of applications in food, medicine, and cosmetics. Traditional production of EGT is mainly through biological extraction or chemical synthesis; however, these methods are inefficient, making large-scale production to meet the growing market demand difficult. Nowadays, the rapid development of synthetic biology has greatly accelerated the research on the EGT production by microbial fermentation. In this paper, the biological characteristics, applications, biosynthesis, separation, and detection methods of EGT were fully reviewed. Furthermore, the approaches and challenges for engineering microbial cells to efficiently synthesize EGT were also discussed. This work provides new ideas and future research potentials in EGT production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibin Qiu
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, P. R. China
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
- Yangzhou Rixing Bio-Tech Co., Ltd., Yangzhou 225601, P. R. China
| | - Zhonglin Chen
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, P. R. China
| | - Erzheng Su
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, P. R. China
| | - Libin Wang
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Liang Sun
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Peng Lei
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Hong Xu
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Sha Li
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
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11
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Cheah IK, Halliwell B. Ergothioneine, recent developments. Redox Biol 2021; 42:101868. [PMID: 33558182 PMCID: PMC8113028 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.101868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
There has been a recent surge of interest in the unique low molecular weight dietary thiol/thione, ergothioneine. This compound can accumulate at high levels in the body from diet and may play important physiological roles in human health and development, and possibly in prevention and treatment of disease. Blood levels of ergothioneine decline with age and onset of various diseases. Here we highlight recent advances in our knowledge of ergothioneine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irwin K Cheah
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117596, Singapore; Life Science Institute, Neurobiology Programme, Centre for Life Sciences, National University of Singapore, 117456, Singapore
| | - Barry Halliwell
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117596, Singapore; Life Science Institute, Neurobiology Programme, Centre for Life Sciences, National University of Singapore, 117456, Singapore.
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12
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Borodina I, Kenny LC, McCarthy CM, Paramasivan K, Pretorius E, Roberts TJ, van der Hoek SA, Kell DB. The biology of ergothioneine, an antioxidant nutraceutical. Nutr Res Rev 2020; 33:190-217. [PMID: 32051057 PMCID: PMC7653990 DOI: 10.1017/s0954422419000301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ergothioneine (ERG) is an unusual thio-histidine betaine amino acid that has potent antioxidant activities. It is synthesised by a variety of microbes, especially fungi (including in mushroom fruiting bodies) and actinobacteria, but is not synthesised by plants and animals who acquire it via the soil and their diet, respectively. Animals have evolved a highly selective transporter for it, known as solute carrier family 22, member 4 (SLC22A4) in humans, signifying its importance, and ERG may even have the status of a vitamin. ERG accumulates differentially in various tissues, according to their expression of SLC22A4, favouring those such as erythrocytes that may be subject to oxidative stress. Mushroom or ERG consumption seems to provide significant prevention against oxidative stress in a large variety of systems. ERG seems to have strong cytoprotective status, and its concentration is lowered in a number of chronic inflammatory diseases. It has been passed as safe by regulatory agencies, and may have value as a nutraceutical and antioxidant more generally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Borodina
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Building 220, Chemitorvet 200, Technical University of Denmark, 2800Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Louise C. Kenny
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, LiverpoolL8 7SS, UK
| | - Cathal M. McCarthy
- Irish Centre for Fetal and Neonatal Translational Research (INFANT), Cork University Maternity Hospital, Cork, Republic of Ireland
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Western Gateway Building, University College Cork, Cork, Republic of Ireland
| | - Kalaivani Paramasivan
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Building 220, Chemitorvet 200, Technical University of Denmark, 2800Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Etheresia Pretorius
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1 Matieland, 7602, South Africa
| | - Timothy J. Roberts
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1 Matieland, 7602, South Africa
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, LiverpoolL69 7ZB, UK
| | - Steven A. van der Hoek
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Building 220, Chemitorvet 200, Technical University of Denmark, 2800Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Douglas B. Kell
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Building 220, Chemitorvet 200, Technical University of Denmark, 2800Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1 Matieland, 7602, South Africa
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, LiverpoolL69 7ZB, UK
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13
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Organic Cation Transporters in the Lung-Current and Emerging (Patho)Physiological and Pharmacological Concepts. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21239168. [PMID: 33271927 PMCID: PMC7730617 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Organic cation transporters (OCT) 1, 2 and 3 and novel organic cation transporters (OCTN) 1 and 2 of the solute carrier 22 (SLC22) family are involved in the cellular transport of endogenous compounds such as neurotransmitters, l-carnitine and ergothioneine. OCT/Ns have also been implicated in the transport of xenobiotics across various biological barriers, for example biguanides and histamine receptor antagonists. In addition, several drugs used in the treatment of respiratory disorders are cations at physiological pH and potential substrates of OCT/Ns. OCT/Ns may also be associated with the development of chronic lung diseases such as allergic asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and, thus, are possible new drug targets. As part of the Special Issue "Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology of Transporters for Organic Cations", this review provides an overview of recent findings on the (patho)physiological and pharmacological functions of organic cation transporters in the lung.
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Maheshwari G, Gessner DK, Meyer S, Ahlborn J, Wen G, Ringseis R, Zorn H, Eder K. Characterization of the Nutritional Composition of a Biotechnologically Produced Oyster Mushroom and its Physiological Effects in Obese Zucker Rats. Mol Nutr Food Res 2020; 64:e2000591. [PMID: 32997875 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202000591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Sustainable protein sources are needed to meet the increasing protein demands of a continuously growing world population. This study is focused on the biotechnological production of a protein rich oyster mushroom (Pleurotus sajor-caju; PSC) by valorization of an agricultural side stream and the evaluation of the physiological effects of PSC in a rat model of metabolic syndrome. METHODS AND RESULTS PSC is produced via submerged cultivation in a 150 L bioreactor that utilizes isomaltulose molasses as its sole carbon source, and is further analyzed for its nutritional composition. A feeding trial is performed using Zucker rats which are fed a 5% PSC supplemented diet, for 4 weeks. Biochemical analyses reveal a significant reduction of the liver lipid concentrations and liver inflammation in the PSC fed obese rats in comparison to the obese rats from the control group. Hepatic qPCR analyses, differential transcript profiling, and enzyme activity measurements reveal a number of altered pathways that may be responsible for these anti-steatotic and anti-inflammatory effects of the mushroom. CONCLUSION Bioconversion of a low quality agricultural side stream to an improved protein source is performed by submerged cultured PSC, and the obtained mycelium shows strong anti-steatotic and anti-inflammatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garima Maheshwari
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392, Giessen, Germany.,Institute of Food Chemistry and Food Biotechnology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Denise K Gessner
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Sandra Meyer
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Jenny Ahlborn
- Institute of Food Chemistry and Food Biotechnology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Gaiping Wen
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Robert Ringseis
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Holger Zorn
- Institute of Food Chemistry and Food Biotechnology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392, Giessen, Germany.,Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Ohlebergsweg 12, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Klaus Eder
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392, Giessen, Germany
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15
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Wang Y, Zhang L, Wu Y, Zhu R, Wang Y, Cao Y, Long W, Ji C, Wang H, You L. Peptidome analysis of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell (hUC-MSC) conditioned medium from preterm and term infants. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:414. [PMID: 32967723 PMCID: PMC7510303 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01931-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The therapeutic role of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has been widely confirmed in several animal models of premature infant diseases. Micromolecule peptides have shown promise for the treatment of premature infant diseases. However, the potential role of peptides secreted from MSCs has not been studied. The purpose of this study is to help to broaden the knowledge of the hUC-MSC secretome at the peptide level through peptidomic profile analysis. Methods We used tandem mass tag (TMT) labeling technology followed by tandem mass spectrometry to compare the peptidomic profile of preterm and term umbilical cord MSC (hUC-MSC) conditioned medium (CM). Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis and ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) were conducted to explore the differentially expressed peptides by predicting the functions of their precursor proteins. To evaluate the effect of candidate peptides on human lung epithelial cells stimulated by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), western blot analysis, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were, respectively, adopted to detect inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) expression levels at the mRNA and protein levels. Results A total of 131 peptides derived from 106 precursor proteins were differentially expressed in the preterm hUC-MSC CM compared with the term group, comprising 37 upregulated peptides and 94 downregulated peptides. Bioinformatics analysis showed that these differentially expressed peptides may be associated with developmental disorders, inflammatory response, and organismal injury. We also found that peptides 7118TGAKIKLVGT7127 derived from MUC19 and 508AAAAGPANVH517 derived from SIX5 reduced the expression levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in H2O2-treated human lung epithelial cells. Conclusions In summary, this study provides further secretomics information on hUC-MSCs and provides a series of peptides that might have antiinflammatory effects on pulmonary epithelial cells and contribute to the prevention and treatment of respiratory diseases in premature infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Department of Neonatology, Changzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, 213000, China.,Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Institute, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital), Nanjing, 210004, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Neonatology, Changzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, 213000, China
| | - Yun Wu
- Department of Ultrasound, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Institute, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital), Nanjing, 210004, China
| | - Rongping Zhu
- Department of Neonatology, Changzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, 213000, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Institute, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital), Nanjing, 210004, China
| | - Yan Cao
- Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Institute, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital), Nanjing, 210004, China
| | - Wei Long
- Department of Obstetrics, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Institute, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital), Nanjing, 210004, China
| | - Chenbo Ji
- Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Institute, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital), Nanjing, 210004, China
| | - Huaiyan Wang
- Department of Neonatology, Changzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, 213000, China.
| | - Lianghui You
- Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Institute, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital), Nanjing, 210004, China.
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16
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Cheah IK, Halliwell B. Could Ergothioneine Aid in the Treatment of Coronavirus Patients? Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E595. [PMID: 32646061 PMCID: PMC7402156 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9070595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Infection with SARS-CoV-2 causes the coronavirus infectious disease 2019 (COVID-19), a pandemic that has, at present, infected more than 11 million people globally. Some COVID-19 patients develop a severe and critical illness, spurred on by excessive inflammation that can lead to respiratory or multiorgan failure. Numerous studies have established the unique array of cytoprotective properties of the dietary amino acid ergothioneine. Based on studies in a range of in vitro and in vivo models, ergothioneine has exhibited the ability to modulate inflammation, scavenge free radicals, protect against acute respiratory distress syndrome, prevent endothelial dysfunction, protect against ischemia and reperfusion injury, protect against neuronal damage, counteract iron dysregulation, hinder lung and liver fibrosis, and mitigate damage to the lungs, kidneys, liver, gastrointestinal tract, and testis, amongst many others. When compiled, this evidence suggests that ergothioneine has a potential application in the treatment of the underlying pathology of COVID-19. We propose that ergothioneine could be used as a therapeutic to reduce the severity and mortality of COVID-19, especially in the elderly and those with underlying health conditions. This review presents evidence to support that proposal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irwin K. Cheah
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117596, Singapore;
- Life Science Institute, Neurobiology Programme, Centre for Life Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore
| | - Barry Halliwell
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117596, Singapore;
- Life Science Institute, Neurobiology Programme, Centre for Life Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore
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17
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Li J, Zhang G, Nian S, Lv Y, Shao Y, Qiao N, Liang R, Huang L, Luo A. Dry eye induced by exposure to cigarette smoke pollution: An in vivo and in vitro study. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 153:187-201. [PMID: 32320747 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to cigarette smoke (CS) pollution has previously associated with dry eye symptoms but without detailed experimental data and elucidation of the mechanism. We aimed to evaluate the effects of CS on the ocular surfaces of mice and the extraction of DMSO lipid-soluble cigarette smoke particles (DCSP) on cultured human corneal epithelial cells (HCECs), and explore to elucidate the probable mechanism. C57BL mice were exposed to CS challenging. In vivo clinical evaluations, including corneal fluorescein staining, tear film break-up time, and confocal microscopic observations, were performed before exposure and post-exposure. At the end of the in vivo study, changes in corneal and conjunctival histology, corneal ultrastructure, and conjunctival goblet cell intensity were examined, expression of TUNLE and Ki67 in tissue were also detected. In vitro, cell confluence and caspase3/7 were assessed in DCSP treated HCECs. Production of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6, activation of NF-κB and Ki67 were evaluated by means of ELISA and Western blot respectively in HCECs cultured with 0.6 μL/mL DCSP. We found that longer-term CS exposure induced dry eye symptoms in mice. Additionally, corneal and conjunctival epithelial damage occurred, the corneal ultrastructure changed, and the density of goblet cells decreased. Apoptosis and Ki67 increased in both the conjunctiva and the cornea of CS-exposed animals. Furthermore, although DCSP inhibited the proliferation of HCECs, expression of Ki67 increased and apoptosis was only induced significantly by 2.0 μL/mL DCSP. The release of IL-1β and IL-6, activation of NF-κB were prompted by DCSP. The results indicated that CS is toxic to the ocular surface of mice and HCECs. Longer-term CS exposure in mice stimulates ocular surface changes that resemble those observed with dry eye. The mechanism may relate to inflammation and activation of NF-κB. In this study, we established a novel animal model to study dry eye, with the experimental data and elucidation of mechanism facilitating further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xi'an Fourth Hospital, Affiliated Xi'an Fourth Hospital, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Affiliated Guangren Hospital of Xi'an JiaoTong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Guangwei Zhang
- Basic Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, 710021, Shaanxi Province, China; Laboratory Animal Center, Xi'an JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi Province, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease, Xi'an, 710021, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Shen Nian
- Department of Pathology, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, 710021, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yali Lv
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xi'an Fourth Hospital, Affiliated Xi'an Fourth Hospital, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Affiliated Guangren Hospital of Xi'an JiaoTong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yi Shao
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Nini Qiao
- Department of Pathology, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, 710021, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Rongbin Liang
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Lihua Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Ali Luo
- Department of Pathology, Xi'an Chest Hospital, Xi'an, 710100, Shaanxi Province, China.
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18
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Mastej E, Gillenwater L, Zhuang Y, Pratte KA, Bowler RP, Kechris K. Identifying Protein-metabolite Networks Associated with COPD Phenotypes. Metabolites 2020; 10:metabo10040124. [PMID: 32218378 PMCID: PMC7241079 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10040124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a disease in which airflow obstruction in the lung makes it difficult for patients to breathe. Although COPD occurs predominantly in smokers, there are still deficits in our understanding of the additional risk factors in smokers. To gain a deeper understanding of the COPD molecular signatures, we used Sparse Multiple Canonical Correlation Network (SmCCNet), a recently developed tool that uses sparse multiple canonical correlation analysis, to integrate proteomic and metabolomic data from the blood of 1008 participants of the COPDGene study to identify novel protein-metabolite networks associated with lung function and emphysema. Our aim was to integrate -omic data through SmCCNet to build interpretable networks that could assist in the discovery of novel biomarkers that may have been overlooked in alternative biomarker discovery methods. We found a protein-metabolite network consisting of 13 proteins and 7 metabolites which had a -0.34 correlation (p-value = 2.5 × 10-28) to lung function. We also found a network of 13 proteins and 10 metabolites that had a -0.27 correlation (p-value = 2.6 × 10-17) to percent emphysema. Protein-metabolite networks can provide additional information on the progression of COPD that complements single biomarker or single -omic analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Mastej
- Computational Bioscience Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Correspondence:
| | | | - Yonghua Zhuang
- Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | | | - Russell P. Bowler
- National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, USA (K.A.P.)
- School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Katerina Kechris
- Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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19
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Natural Sulfur-Containing Compounds: An Alternative Therapeutic Strategy against Liver Fibrosis. Cells 2019; 8:cells8111356. [PMID: 31671675 PMCID: PMC6929087 DOI: 10.3390/cells8111356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a pathophysiologic process involving the accumulation of extracellular matrix proteins as collagen deposition. Advanced liver fibrosis can evolve in cirrhosis, portal hypertension and often requires liver transplantation. At the cellular level, hepatic fibrosis involves the activation of hepatic stellate cells and their transdifferentiation into myofibroblasts. Numerous pro-fibrogenic mediators including the transforming growth factor-β1, the platelet-derived growth factor, endothelin-1, toll-like receptor 4, and reactive oxygen species are key players in this process. Knowledge of the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying hepatic fibrosis development need to be extended to find novel therapeutic strategies. Antifibrotic therapies aim to inhibit the accumulation of fibrogenic cells and/or prevent the deposition of extracellular matrix proteins. Natural products from terrestrial and marine sources, including sulfur-containing compounds, exhibit promising activities for the treatment of fibrotic pathology. Although many therapeutic interventions are effective in experimental models of liver fibrosis, their efficacy and safety in humans are largely unknown. This review aims to provide a reference collection on experimentally tested natural anti-fibrotic compounds, with particular attention on sulfur-containing molecules. Their chemical structure, sources, mode of action, molecular targets, and pharmacological activity in the treatment of liver disease will be discussed.
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20
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Lespade L. Ab initio molecular dynamics of free radical-induced oxidation of ergothioneine. J Mol Model 2019; 25:327. [PMID: 31655910 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-019-4220-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Ergothioneine (2-mercaptohistidine trimethylbetaine) is a very stable natural compound largely present in cells and tissues of plants and mammals. The biological role of ET is still incompletely understood but its antioxidant properties are well assessed experimentally. However, no theoretical study had been performed until now to analyze the first steps of the reactions between this natural compound and strong oxidants in order to gain more knowledge on the reaction mechanisms. In this paper, the reaction of ergothioneine with two strong oxidants, hydroxyl radical and peroxinitrite, is modeled in a cluster of forty to fifty water molecules by ab-initio molecular dynamics. The reaction of hydroxyl radical with ergothioneine consists in electron transfer. When hydroxyl radical is initially situated near the sulfur atom, the reaction is not barrier less but passes through a transition state formed by a strong adduct. Otherwise, the charge transfer occurs when the two reactants and a "wire" of water molecules form a loop allowing the charge flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laure Lespade
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, ISM, UMR 5255 Univ. Bordeaux, F-33400, Talence, France.
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21
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Khan AZ, Khan IU, Khan S, Afzal S, Hamid M, Tariq M, Haq IU, Ullah N, Khan MA, Bilal S, Huwang K, Liu R. Selenium-enriched probiotics improve hepatic protection by regulating pro-inflammatory cytokines and antioxidant capacity in broilers under heat stress conditions. J Adv Vet Anim Res 2019; 6:355-361. [PMID: 31583232 PMCID: PMC6760513 DOI: 10.5455/javar.2019.f354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: High ambient temperature in poultry is a challenging and fatal stress among environmental factors. It affects the production quality, damages the liver, and increases mortality in broilers. The present study is focused to explore appropriate utilization of Selenium (Se) as a feed additive in broiler chickens against high temperature. Materials and Methods: Day-old male broiler chickens (Ross 308) (n = 200) were grouped according to the supplements used in their basal diets such as: corn-soybean basal diet as control (Con), a basal diet containing sodium selenite, basal diet with probiotics, and a basal diet containing selenium-enriched probiotics (SP). At the end of the experimental period of 42 days, the liver was isolated and was used to determine the antioxidant capacity through a spectrophotometer. Inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines production in the liver was measured through a real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results: Hepatic analyses revealed the decreased level of malondialdehyde, whereas glutathione, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and superoxide dismutase levels were increased in the SP group. Furthermore, supplementation of SP significantly up-regulated the mRNA expression of glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPx1), GPx4, IL6, and IL10 and down-regulated the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Conclusion: It is thus concluded that SP as a potential nutritive supplement may facilitate hepatic protection by suppressing hepatic oxidation, inflammation, and necrosis during the high ambient temperature of summer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alam Zeb Khan
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan
| | - Imdad Ullah Khan
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan
| | - Shakirullah Khan
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan
| | - Samreen Afzal
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mohammad Hamid
- Institute of Nutritional and Metabolic Disorders of Domestic Animals and Fowls, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Muhammad Tariq
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan
| | - Ikram Ul Haq
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan
| | - Naimat Ullah
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan
| | - Mumtaz Ali Khan
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Shahid Bilal
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kehe Huwang
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ran Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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22
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Cheah IK, Ng LT, Ng LF, Lam VY, Gruber J, Huang CYW, Goh FQ, Lim KHC, Halliwell B. Inhibition of amyloid-induced toxicity by ergothioneine in a transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans model. FEBS Lett 2019; 593:2139-2150. [PMID: 31211853 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The abnormal accumulation of β-amyloid peptide (Aβ) is recognized as a central component in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease. While many aspects of Aβ-mediated neurotoxicity remain elusive, Aβ has been associated with numerous underlying pathologies, including oxidative and nitrosative stress, inflammation, metal ion imbalance, mitochondrial dysfunction, and even tau pathology. Ergothioneine (ET), a naturally occurring thiol/thione-derivative of histidine, has demonstrated antioxidant and neuroprotective properties against various oxidative and neurotoxic stressors. This study investigates ET's potential to counteract Aβ-toxicity in transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans overexpressing a human Aβ peptide. The accumulation of Aβ in this model leads to paralysis and premature death. We show that ET dose-dependently reduces Aβ-oligomerization and extends the lifespan and healthspan of the nematodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irwin K Cheah
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Life Science Institute, Neurobiology Programme, Centre for Life Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Li-Theng Ng
- Life Science Institute, Neurobiology Programme, Centre for Life Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Yale-NUS College, Singapore
| | | | - Vanessa Y Lam
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Life Science Institute, Neurobiology Programme, Centre for Life Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jan Gruber
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Yale-NUS College, Singapore
| | - Cheryl Y W Huang
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Fang-Qin Goh
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Keith H C Lim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National University Health System, National University Cancer Institute Singapore, Singapore
| | - Barry Halliwell
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Life Science Institute, Neurobiology Programme, Centre for Life Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Rai RK, Chalana A, Karri R, Das R, Kumar B, Roy G. Role of Hydrogen Bonding by Thiones in Protecting Biomolecules from Copper(I)-Mediated Oxidative Damage. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:6628-6638. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b03212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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24
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The role of low molecular weight thiols in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2019; 116:44-55. [PMID: 31153518 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2019.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Low molecular weight (LMW) thiols are molecules with a functional sulfhydryl group that enable them to detoxify reactive oxygen species, reactive nitrogen species and other free radicals. Their roles range from their ability to modulate the immune system to their ability to prevent damage of biological molecules such as DNA and proteins by protecting against oxidative, nitrosative and acidic stress. LMW thiols are synthesized and found in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes. Due to their beneficial role to both eukaryotes and prokaryotes, their specific functions need to be elucidated, most especially in pathogenic prokaryotes such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb), in order to provide a rationale for targeting their biosynthesis for drug development. Ergothioneine (ERG), mycothiol (MSH) and gamma-glutamylcysteine (GGC) are LMW thiols that have been shown to interplay to protect M.tb against cellular stress. Though ERG, MSH and GGC seem to have overlapping functions, studies are gradually revealing their unique physiological roles. Understanding their unique physiological role during the course of tuberculosis (TB) infection, would pave the way for the development of drugs that target their biosynthetic pathway. This review identifies the knowledge gap in the unique physiological roles of LMW thiols and proposes their mechanistic roles based on previous studies. In addition, it gives an update on identified inhibitors of their biosynthetic enzymes.
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Kerley RN, McCarthy C, Kell DB, Kenny LC. The potential therapeutic effects of ergothioneine in pre-eclampsia. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 117:145-157. [PMID: 29284116 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Ergothioneine (ERG), is a water-soluble amino acid that is derived entirely from dietary sources. It has received much attention as a therapeutic agent due to its anti-oxidant properties, and there are claims of preferential accumulation within high oxidative stress organs. Pre-eclampsia, a condition accompanied by increased oxidative stress, is one of the leading causes of maternal morbidity and mortality. Despite intense research efforts, its aetiologies remain somewhat unclear and there are still no effective treatment options. Clinical trials of the anti-oxidants vitamin C and vitamin E have proven largely ineffective with little improvement in clinical outcome or even a negative response. This could be explained in part by their inability to permeate the plasma and mitochondrial membranes and scavenge mitochondria-derived superoxide species, and for the former by the fact that it is actually a pro-oxidant in the presence of unliganded iron. ERG accumulates within tissues through the action of a specific organic cation transporter, SLC22A4 (previously referred to as OCTN1), which is possibly also expressed in mammalian mitochondria. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated in a variety of vascular diseases including pre-eclampsia. This review discusses the use of ERG as a possibly mitochondrial-targeted anti-oxidant, focusing on its physical properties, potential mechanisms of action, safety profile and administration in relation to pregnancies complicated by pre-eclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert N Kerley
- Irish Centre for Fetal and Neonatal Translational Research (INFANT), Cork University Maternity Hospital, Cork, Ireland.
| | - Cathal McCarthy
- Irish Centre for Fetal and Neonatal Translational Research (INFANT), Cork University Maternity Hospital, Cork, Ireland
| | - Douglas B Kell
- School of Chemistry and The Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess St, Manchester M1 7DN, UK.
| | - Louise C Kenny
- Irish Centre for Fetal and Neonatal Translational Research (INFANT), Cork University Maternity Hospital, Cork, Ireland.
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Reyes AM, Pedre B, De Armas MI, Tossounian MA, Radi R, Messens J, Trujillo M. Chemistry and Redox Biology of Mycothiol. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 28:487-504. [PMID: 28372502 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Mycothiol (MSH, AcCys-GlcN-Ins) is the main low-molecular weight (LMW) thiol of most Actinomycetes, including the human pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis that affects millions of people worldwide. Strains with decreased MSH content show increased susceptibilities to hydroperoxides and electrophilic compounds. In M. tuberculosis, MSH modulates the response to several antituberculosis drugs. Enzymatic routes involving MSH could provide clues for specific drug design. Recent Advances: Physicochemical data argue against a rapid, nonenzymatic reaction of MSH with oxidants, disulfides, or electrophiles. Moreover, exposure of the bacteria to high concentrations of two-electron oxidants resulted in protein mycothiolation. The recently described glutaredoxin-like protein mycoredoxin-1 (Mrx-1) provides a route for catalytic reduction of mycothiolated proteins, protecting critical cysteines from irreversible oxidation. The description of MSH/Mrx-1-dependent activities of peroxidases helped to explain the higher susceptibility to oxidants observed in Actinomycetes lacking MSH. Moreover, the first mycothiol-S-transferase, member of the DinB superfamily of proteins, was described. In Corynebacterium, both the MSH/Mrx-1 and the thioredoxin pathways reduce methionine sulfoxide reductase A. A novel tool for in vivo imaging of the MSH/mycothiol disulfide (MSSM) status allows following changes in the mycothiol redox state during macrophage infection and its relationship with antibiotic sensitivity. CRITICAL ISSUES Redundancy of MSH with other LMW thiols is starting to be unraveled and could help to rationalize the differences in the reported importance of MSH synthesis observed in vitro versus in animal infection models. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Future work should be directed to establish the structural bases of the specificity of MSH-dependent enzymes, thus facilitating drug developments. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 28, 487-504.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aníbal M Reyes
- 1 Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República , Montevideo, Uruguay .,2 Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research , Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Brandán Pedre
- 3 Center for Structural Biology , VIB, Brussels, Belgium .,4 Brussels Center for Redox Biology , Brussels, Belgium .,5 Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel , Brussels, Belgium
| | - María Inés De Armas
- 1 Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República , Montevideo, Uruguay .,2 Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research , Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Maria-Armineh Tossounian
- 3 Center for Structural Biology , VIB, Brussels, Belgium .,4 Brussels Center for Redox Biology , Brussels, Belgium .,5 Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel , Brussels, Belgium
| | - Rafael Radi
- 1 Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República , Montevideo, Uruguay .,2 Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research , Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Joris Messens
- 3 Center for Structural Biology , VIB, Brussels, Belgium .,4 Brussels Center for Redox Biology , Brussels, Belgium .,5 Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel , Brussels, Belgium
| | - Madia Trujillo
- 1 Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República , Montevideo, Uruguay .,2 Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research , Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
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Tang RMY, Cheah IKM, Yew TSK, Halliwell B. Distribution and accumulation of dietary ergothioneine and its metabolites in mouse tissues. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1601. [PMID: 29371632 PMCID: PMC5785509 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20021-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
L-ergothioneine (ET) is a diet-derived amino acid that accumulates at high concentrations in animals and humans. Numerous studies have highlighted its antioxidant abilities in vitro, and possible cytoprotective capabilities in vivo. We investigated the uptake and distribution of ET in various organs by a highly sensitive and specific liquid chromatography coupled tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) technique, both before and after oral administration of pure ET (35 and 70 mg/kg/day for 1, 7, and 28 days) to male C57BL6J mice. ET primarily concentrates in the liver and whole blood, and also in spleen, kidney, lung, heart, intestines, eye, and brain tissues. Strong correlations were found between ET and its putative metabolites - hercynine, ET-sulfonate (ET-SO3H), and S-methyl ET. Hercynine accumulates in the brain after prolonged ET administration. This study demonstrates the uptake and distribution of ET and provides a foundation for future studies with ET to target oxidative damage in a range of tissues in human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Ming Yi Tang
- National University of Singapore Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Irwin Kee-Mun Cheah
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 28 Medical Drive, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Terry Shze Keong Yew
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 28 Medical Drive, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Barry Halliwell
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 28 Medical Drive, Singapore, Singapore.
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Impairment of the carnitine/organic cation transporter 1-ergothioneine axis is mediated by intestinal transporter dysfunction in chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int 2017; 92:1356-1369. [PMID: 28754554 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2017.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2016] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Carnitine/organic cation transporter 1 (OCTN1) is a specific transporter of the food-derived antioxidant ergothioneine. Ergothioneine is absorbed by intestinal OCTN1, distributed through the bloodstream, and incorporated into each organ by OCTN1. OCTN1 expression is upregulated in injured tissues, and promotes ergothioneine uptake to reduce further damage caused by oxidative stress. However, the role of the OCTN1-ergothioneine axis in kidney-intestine cross-talk and chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression remains unclear. Here we assessed ergothioneine uptake via intestinal OCTN1 and confirmed the expression of OCTN1. The ability of OCTN1 to absorb ergothioneine was diminished in mice with CKD. In combination with OCTN1 dysfunction, OCTN1 localization on the intestinal apical cellular membrane was disturbed in mice with CKD. Proteomic analysis, RT-PCR, Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry revealed that PDZ (PSD95, Dlg, and ZO1), a PDZK1 domain-containing protein that regulates the localization of transporters, was decreased in mice with CKD. Decreased intestinal ergothioneine uptake from food decreased ergothioneine levels in the blood of mice with CKD. Despite increased OCTN1 expression and ergothioneine uptake into the kidneys of mice with CKD, ergothioneine levels did not increase. To identify the role of the OCTN1-ergothioneine axis in CKD, we evaluated kidney damage and oxidative stress in OCTN1-knockout mice with CKD and found that kidney fibrosis worsened. Oxidative stress indicators were increased in OCTN1-knockout mice. Moreover, ergothioneine levels in the blood of patients with CKD decreased, which were restored after kidney transplantation. Thus, a novel inter-organ interaction mediated by transporters is associated with CKD progression.
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Iwayama K, Kusakabe A, Ohtsu K, Nawano T, Tatsunami R, Ohtaki KI, Tampo Y, Hayase N. Long-term treatment of clarithromycin at a low concentration improves hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidant/antioxidant imbalance in human small airway epithelial cells by increasing Nrf2 mRNA expression. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2017; 18:15. [PMID: 28235416 PMCID: PMC5326501 DOI: 10.1186/s40360-017-0119-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Clarithromycin (CAM), a representative macrolide antibiotic, has been used widely at low doses for long-term therapy of chronic inflammatory airway diseases. Anti-inflammatory effects of macrolide antibiotics were first discovered in clinical practice. Although oxidative stress is known as a key pathogenesis factor in chronic airway inflammatory diseases, the mechanism of action of low-dose, long-term CAM therapy remains unclear. We aimed to examine the cytoprotective action of CAM against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced cell dysfunction, focusing on CAM dose and treatment duration, and using human small airway epithelial cells (SAECs), the main cells involved in chronic airway inflammatory diseases. Methods SAECs were pretreated with CAM (1, 5 or 10 μM) for 24, 48 or 72 h, and were subsequently exposed to H2O2 for 0.5–4 h. Levels of interleukin (IL)-8, glutathione (GSH) and glutathione disulfide (GSSG), and the activities of nuclear factor (NF)-κB and γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase (γ-GCS) were assayed using specific methods. IL-8 mRNA and NF erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) mRNA expression were measured using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Tukey’s multiple comparison test was used for analysis of statistical significance. Results Pretreatment with low-dose (1 or 5 μM), long-term (72 h) CAM inhibited H2O2-induced IL-8 levels, NF-κB activity, and IL-8 mRNA expression, and improved the GSH/GSSG ratio via the maintenance of γ-GCS expression levels. Similar to its enhancing effect on the GSH/GSSG ratio, pretreatment with low-dose CAM for 72 h significantly increased Nrf2 mRNA expression (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05). In contrast, these alterations were not observed after pretreatment with high-dose (10 μM) or short-term (24 and 48 h) CAM. Conclusions CAM is efficacious against cell dysfunction caused by oxidative stress under low-dose, long-term treatment conditions. This effect depended on the suppression of NF-κB activation and improvement of the H2O2-induced oxidant/antioxidant imbalance that is achieved by increasing Nrf2 mRNA expression in SAECs. The present study may provide the first evidence of why low-dose, long-term administration of macrolides is effective for treating chronic inflammatory airway diseases. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40360-017-0119-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuninori Iwayama
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Hokkaido Pharmaceutical University School of Pharmacy, 7-15-4-1 Maeda, Teine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 006-8590, Japan.,Department of Hospital Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, 078-8510, Japan
| | - Ayuko Kusakabe
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Hokkaido Pharmaceutical University School of Pharmacy, 7-15-4-1 Maeda, Teine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 006-8590, Japan.,Department of Pharmacy, Shin-Sapporo Towakai Hospital, Sapporo, 004-0041, Japan
| | - Keisuke Ohtsu
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Hokkaido Pharmaceutical University School of Pharmacy, 7-15-4-1 Maeda, Teine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 006-8590, Japan.,Department of Dispensary, Rainbow Community Pharmacy, Sapporo, 062-0012, Japan
| | - Takahiro Nawano
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Hokkaido Pharmaceutical University School of Pharmacy, 7-15-4-1 Maeda, Teine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 006-8590, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Tatsunami
- Department of Public & Health, Hokkaido Pharmaceutical University School of Pharmacy, Sapporo, 006-8590, Japan
| | - Ko-Ichi Ohtaki
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Hokkaido Pharmaceutical University School of Pharmacy, 7-15-4-1 Maeda, Teine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 006-8590, Japan.,Department of Hospital Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, 078-8510, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Tampo
- Department of Public & Health, Hokkaido Pharmaceutical University School of Pharmacy, Sapporo, 006-8590, Japan
| | - Nobumasa Hayase
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Hokkaido Pharmaceutical University School of Pharmacy, 7-15-4-1 Maeda, Teine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 006-8590, Japan.
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Cheah IK, Tang RMY, Yew TSZ, Lim KHC, Halliwell B. Administration of Pure Ergothioneine to Healthy Human Subjects: Uptake, Metabolism, and Effects on Biomarkers of Oxidative Damage and Inflammation. Antioxid Redox Signal 2017; 26:193-206. [PMID: 27488221 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2016.6778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
AIM We investigated the uptake and pharmacokinetics of l-ergothioneine (ET), a dietary thione with free radical scavenging and cytoprotective capabilities, after oral administration to humans, and its effect on biomarkers of oxidative damage and inflammation. RESULTS After oral administration, ET is avidly absorbed and retained by the body with significant elevations in plasma and whole blood concentrations, and relatively low urinary excretion (<4% of administered ET). ET levels in whole blood were highly correlated to levels of hercynine and S-methyl-ergothioneine, suggesting that they may be metabolites. After ET administration, some decreasing trends were seen in biomarkers of oxidative damage and inflammation, including allantoin (urate oxidation), 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (DNA damage), 8-iso-PGF2α (lipid peroxidation), protein carbonylation, and C-reactive protein. However, most of the changes were non-significant. INNOVATION This is the first study investigating the administration of pure ET to healthy human volunteers and monitoring its uptake and pharmacokinetics. This compound is rapidly gaining attention due to its unique properties, and this study lays the foundation for future human studies. CONCLUSION The uptake and retention of ET by the body suggests an important physiological function. The decreasing trend of oxidative damage biomarkers is consistent with animal studies suggesting that ET may function as a major antioxidant but perhaps only under conditions of oxidative stress. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 26, 193-206.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irwin K Cheah
- 1 Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore , Singapore .,3 Centre for Life Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Richard M Y Tang
- 1 Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore , Singapore .,3 Centre for Life Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Terry S Z Yew
- 1 Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore , Singapore .,3 Centre for Life Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Keith H C Lim
- 2 Department of Radiation Oncology, National University Cancer Institute Singapore, National University Hospital , Singapore
| | - Barry Halliwell
- 1 Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore , Singapore .,3 Centre for Life Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Yoshida S, Shime H, Funami K, Takaki H, Matsumoto M, Kasahara M, Seya T. The Anti-Oxidant Ergothioneine Augments the Immunomodulatory Function of TLR Agonists by Direct Action on Macrophages. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0169360. [PMID: 28114402 PMCID: PMC5256913 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
L-Ergothioneine (EGT) is a naturally-occurring amino acid which is characterized by its antioxidant property; yet, the physiological role of EGT has yet to be established. We investigated the immune-enhancing properties of EGT, and found that it acts as a potentiator of toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling. When mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) were pretreated with EGT, TLR signal-mediated cytokine production was augmented in BMDMs. The results were reproducible with TLR2, 3, 4 and 7 agonists. In particular, IL-6 and IL-12p40 were elevated further by pretreatment with EGT in BMDMs, suggesting the induction of M1 polarization. In co-culture assay with OT-II CD4+ T cells and splenic F4/80+ macrophages, EGT significantly induced Th17 skewing in CD4+ T cells. Thus, EGT is an immune modifier as well as a redox controller under TLR stimulation that induces M1 macrophages and a Th17 shift in inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumito Yoshida
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo City, Japan
- Department of Pathology I, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo City, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Shime
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo City, Japan
| | - Kenji Funami
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo City, Japan
| | - Hiromi Takaki
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo City, Japan
| | - Misako Matsumoto
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo City, Japan
- Department of Pathology I, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo City, Japan
| | - Masanori Kasahara
- Department of Pathology I, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo City, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Seya
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo City, Japan
- Department of Pathology I, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo City, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Chien RC, Yang SC, Lin LM, Mau JL. Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Properties of Pulsed Light Irradiated Lentinula edodes. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.13045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rao-Chi Chien
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology; National Chung Hsing University (NCHU); Taiwan Republic of China
| | - Shuo-Chieh Yang
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology; National Chung Hsing University (NCHU); Taiwan Republic of China
| | - Lan-Min Lin
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology; National Chung Hsing University (NCHU); Taiwan Republic of China
| | - Jeng-Leun Mau
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology; National Chung Hsing University (NCHU); Taiwan Republic of China
- Plant and Food Biotechnology Center, NCHU; NCHU/University of California at Davis; Taichung Taiwan Republic of China
- Agricultural Biotechnology Center; NCHU; Taiwan Republic of China
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Liu Q, Zhang W, Wang H, Li Y, Liu W, Wang Q, Liu D, Chen N, Jiang W. Validation of a HILIC Method for the Analysis of Ergothioneine in Fermentation Broth. J Chromatogr Sci 2016; 54:934-8. [DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmw023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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Yonezawa R, Yamamoto S, Takenaka M, Kage Y, Negoro T, Toda T, Ohbayashi M, Numata T, Nakano Y, Yamamoto T, Mori Y, Ishii M, Shimizu S. TRPM2 channels in alveolar epithelial cells mediate bleomycin-induced lung inflammation. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 90:101-13. [PMID: 26600069 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Revised: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Lung inflammation is a major adverse effect of therapy with the antitumor drug bleomycin (BLM). Transient receptor potential melastatin 2 (TRPM2) is a Ca(2+)-permeable channel that is activated by oxidative stress through the production of ADP-ribose. We herein investigated whether TRPM2 channels contributed to BLM-induced lung inflammation. The intratracheal instillation of BLM into wild-type (WT) mice increased the number of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) and inflammatory cytokine levels in the lung. Increases in inflammatory markers in WT mice were markedly reduced in trpm2 knockout (KO) mice, which demonstrated that the activation of TRPM2 channels was involved in BLM-induced lung inflammation. The expression of TRPM2 mRNA was observed in alveolar macrophages, alveolar epithelial cells, and lung fibroblasts. Actually, TRPM2 protein was expressed in lung tissues. Of these, TRPM2 channels in epithelial cells were activated by the addition of H2O2 following a BLM pretreatment, resulting in the secretion of macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2). The H2O2-induced activation of TRPM2 by the BLM pretreatment was blocked by the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors PJ34 and 3-aminobenzamide. The accumulation of poly(ADP-ribose) in the nucleus, a marker for ADP-ribose production, was strongly induced by H2O2 following the BLM pretreatment. Furthermore, administration of PRAP inhibitors into WT mice markedly reduced recruitment of inflammatory cells and MIP-2 secretion induced by BLM instillation. These results suggest that the induction of MIP-2 secretion through the activation of TRPM2 channels in alveolar epithelial cells is an important mechanism in BLM-induced lung inflammation, and the TRPM2 activation is likely to be mediated by ADP-ribose production via PARP pathway. TRPM2 channels may be new therapeutic target for BLM-induced lung inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Yonezawa
- Division of Physiology and Pathology, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, Showa University School of Pharmacy, Tokyo, Japan; Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo Heisei University, 4-21-2 Nakano, Nakano-ku, Tokyo 164-8530, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Yamamoto
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo Heisei University, 4-21-2 Nakano, Nakano-ku, Tokyo 164-8530, Japan; Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Medicine, Institute of Health Biosciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Miki Takenaka
- Division of Physiology and Pathology, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, Showa University School of Pharmacy, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukiko Kage
- Division of Physiology and Pathology, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, Showa University School of Pharmacy, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takaharu Negoro
- Department of Pharmacogenomics, Showa University School of Pharmacy, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Toda
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Yokohama College of Pharmacy, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Masayuki Ohbayashi
- Division of Clinical Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacotherapeutics, Showa University School of Pharmacy, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Numata
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yasuko Nakano
- Department of Pharmacogenomics, Showa University School of Pharmacy, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshinori Yamamoto
- Division of Clinical Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacotherapeutics, Showa University School of Pharmacy, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuo Mori
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masakazu Ishii
- Division of Physiology and Pathology, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, Showa University School of Pharmacy, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shunichi Shimizu
- Division of Physiology and Pathology, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, Showa University School of Pharmacy, Tokyo, Japan; Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo Heisei University, 4-21-2 Nakano, Nakano-ku, Tokyo 164-8530, Japan; Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Yokohama College of Pharmacy, Yokohama, Japan.
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Kondo T, Nakashima A, Watanabe T, Yoshiyama K, Uchida A, Kurogi K, Fukui K, Suiko M, Sakakibara Y. Studies on the Anti-oxidative Stress Effect of Shiitake Mushroom. J JPN SOC FOOD SCI 2016. [DOI: 10.3136/nskkk.63.199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomomi Kondo
- Miyazaki JA Food Research & Development, Inc
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Agriculture and Engineering, University of Miyazaki
| | | | | | | | - Asuka Uchida
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Agriculture and Engineering, University of Miyazaki
| | - Katsuhisa Kurogi
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Agriculture and Engineering, University of Miyazaki
| | | | - Masahito Suiko
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Agriculture and Engineering, University of Miyazaki
| | - Yoichi Sakakibara
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Agriculture and Engineering, University of Miyazaki
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Bhattacharjee A, Prasad SK, Pal S, Maji B, Syamal AK, Mukherjee S. Synergistic protective effect of folic acid and vitamin B12 against nicotine-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in pancreatic islets of the rat. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2015; 54:433-444. [PMID: 25973643 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2015.1043561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Nicotine is an abundant and most significant component of cigarette smoke. Epidemiological evidence strongly suggests an association between cigarette smoking and pancreatic injury, although effects of smoking on endocrine pancreas are still controversial. OBJECTIVE We examined the impact and underlying mechanisms of action of folic acid and vitamin B12 on nicotine-induced damage in pancreatic islets of rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male Wistar rats were treated with nicotine (3 mg/kg body weight/d, intraperitonealy) with or without folic acid (36 µg/kg body weight/d, orally) and vitamin B12 (0.63 µg/kg body weight/d, orally) for 21 d. Fasting blood glucose, oral glucose tolerance test, HBA1c, insulin, oxidative stress parameters, proinflammatory cytokines, and CRP level were measured. Histological evaluation, TUNEL assay, and immunohistochemical staining of NF-κB and caspase-3 were also performed. RESULTS Folic acid and vitamin B12 blunted the nicotine-induced impairment in fasting blood glucose (51-56% recovery), HbA1c (64-76% recovery), oral glucose tolerance, insulin level (23-40% recovery), and islet cell counts (26-74% recovery) in rats. Moreover, folic acid in combination with vitamin B12 also attenuated the nicotine-induced changes in markers of oxidative stress (17-88% recovery), TNF-α (40-99% recovery), and IL-6 level (47-65% recovery), CRP level (59-73% recovery), expression of NF-κB and caspase-3, and apoptosis in pancreatic islet cells. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The present study shows that folic acid and vitamin B12 supplementation can reduce nicotine-induced impairment in glucose homeostasis and apoptosis and damage of pancreatic islet cells by modulating oxidative stress, levels of proinflammatory cytokines, and expression of NF-κB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Bhattacharjee
- a Department of Physiology , Serampore College , Serampore, Hooghly , West Bengal , India
| | - Shilpi K Prasad
- a Department of Physiology , Serampore College , Serampore, Hooghly , West Bengal , India
| | - Swagata Pal
- b Drug Development Division , Indian Institute of Chemical Biology , Jadavpur , Kolkata , India , and
| | - Bithin Maji
- a Department of Physiology , Serampore College , Serampore, Hooghly , West Bengal , India
| | - Alak K Syamal
- c Department of Physiology , Hooghly Mohsin College , Hooghly , West Bengal , India
| | - Sandip Mukherjee
- a Department of Physiology , Serampore College , Serampore, Hooghly , West Bengal , India
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Zimmerman MT, Bayse CA, Ramoutar RR, Brumaghim JL. Sulfur and selenium antioxidants: challenging radical scavenging mechanisms and developing structure-activity relationships based on metal binding. J Inorg Biochem 2014; 145:30-40. [PMID: 25600984 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2014.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Revised: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Because sulfur and selenium antioxidants can prevent oxidative damage, numerous animal and clinical trials have investigated the ability of these compounds to prevent the oxidative stress that is an underlying cause of cardiovascular disease, Alzheimer's disease, and cancer, among others. One of the most common sources of oxidative damage is metal-generated hydroxyl radical; however, very little research has focused on determining the metal-binding abilities and structural attributes that affect oxidative damage prevention by sulfur and selenium compounds. In this review, we describe our ongoing investigations into sulfur and selenium antioxidant prevention of iron- and copper-mediated oxidative DNA damage. We determined that many sulfur and selenium compounds inhibit Cu(I)-mediated DNA damage and that DNA damage prevention varies dramatically when Fe(II) is used in place of Cu(I) to generate hydroxyl radical. Oxidation potentials of the sulfur or selenium compounds do not correlate with their ability to prevent DNA damage, highlighting the importance of metal coordination rather than reactive oxygen species scavenging as an antioxidant mechanism. Additional gel electrophoresis, mass spectrometry, and UV-visible studies confirmed sulfur and selenium antioxidant binding to Cu(I) and Fe(II). Ultimately, our studies established that both the hydroxyl-radical-generating metal ion and the chemical environment of the sulfur or selenium significantly affect DNA damage prevention and that metal coordination is an essential mechanism for these antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Craig A Bayse
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Old Dominion University, Hampton Boulevard, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA
| | - Ria R Ramoutar
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634-0973, USA
| | - Julia L Brumaghim
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634-0973, USA.
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Jones GW, Doyle S, Fitzpatrick DA. The evolutionary history of the genes involved in the biosynthesis of the antioxidant ergothioneine. Gene 2014; 549:161-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2014.07.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Revised: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Li RWS, Yang C, Sit ASM, Kwan YW, Lee SMY, Hoi MPM, Chan SW, Hausman M, Vanhoutte PM, Leung GPH. Uptake and protective effects of ergothioneine in human endothelial cells. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2014; 350:691-700. [PMID: 25022513 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.114.214049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Ergothioneine is a thiourea derivative of histidine found in food, especially mushrooms. Experiments in cell-free systems and chemical assays identified this compound as a powerful antioxidant. Experiments were designed to test the ability of endothelial cells to take up ergothioneine and hence benefit from protection against oxidative stress. Reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting demonstrated transcription and translation of an ergothioneine transporter in human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMECs). Uptake of [(3)H]ergothioneine occurred by the organic cation transporter novel type-1 (OCTN-1), was sodium-dependent, and was reduced when expression of OCTN-1 was silenced by small interfering RNA (siRNA). The effect of ergothioneine on the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in HBMECs was measured using dichlorodihydrofluorescein and lucigenin, and the effect on cell viability was studied using the MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] assay. ROS production and cell death induced by pyrogallol, xanthine oxidase plus xanthine, and high glucose were suppressed by ergothioneine. The antioxidant and cytoprotective effects of ergothioneine were abolished when OCTN-1 was silenced using siRNA. The expression of NADPH oxidase 1 was decreased, and those of glutathione reductase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase enhanced by the compound. In isolated rat basilar arteries, ergothioneine attenuated the reduction in acetylcholine-induced relaxation caused by pyrogallol, xanthine oxidase plus xanthine, or incubation in high glucose. Chronic treatment with the compound improved the response to acetylcholine in arteries of rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. In summary, ergothioneine is taken up by endothelial cells via OCTN-1, where the compound then protects against oxidative stress, curtailing endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel W S Li
- State Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Biotechnologies and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (R.W.S.L., A.S.M.S., P.M.V., G.P.H.L.); Ethnic Drug Screening and Pharmacology Center, Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources, State Ethnic Affairs Commission and Ministry of Education, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, China (C.Y.); School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (Y.W.K.); Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China (S.M.Y.L., M.P.M.H.); State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong (S.W.C.); and Entia Biosciences Inc., Sherwood, Oregon (M.H.)
| | - C Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Biotechnologies and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (R.W.S.L., A.S.M.S., P.M.V., G.P.H.L.); Ethnic Drug Screening and Pharmacology Center, Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources, State Ethnic Affairs Commission and Ministry of Education, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, China (C.Y.); School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (Y.W.K.); Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China (S.M.Y.L., M.P.M.H.); State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong (S.W.C.); and Entia Biosciences Inc., Sherwood, Oregon (M.H.)
| | - Albert S M Sit
- State Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Biotechnologies and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (R.W.S.L., A.S.M.S., P.M.V., G.P.H.L.); Ethnic Drug Screening and Pharmacology Center, Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources, State Ethnic Affairs Commission and Ministry of Education, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, China (C.Y.); School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (Y.W.K.); Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China (S.M.Y.L., M.P.M.H.); State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong (S.W.C.); and Entia Biosciences Inc., Sherwood, Oregon (M.H.)
| | - Y W Kwan
- State Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Biotechnologies and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (R.W.S.L., A.S.M.S., P.M.V., G.P.H.L.); Ethnic Drug Screening and Pharmacology Center, Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources, State Ethnic Affairs Commission and Ministry of Education, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, China (C.Y.); School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (Y.W.K.); Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China (S.M.Y.L., M.P.M.H.); State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong (S.W.C.); and Entia Biosciences Inc., Sherwood, Oregon (M.H.)
| | - Simon M Y Lee
- State Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Biotechnologies and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (R.W.S.L., A.S.M.S., P.M.V., G.P.H.L.); Ethnic Drug Screening and Pharmacology Center, Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources, State Ethnic Affairs Commission and Ministry of Education, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, China (C.Y.); School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (Y.W.K.); Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China (S.M.Y.L., M.P.M.H.); State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong (S.W.C.); and Entia Biosciences Inc., Sherwood, Oregon (M.H.)
| | - Maggie P M Hoi
- State Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Biotechnologies and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (R.W.S.L., A.S.M.S., P.M.V., G.P.H.L.); Ethnic Drug Screening and Pharmacology Center, Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources, State Ethnic Affairs Commission and Ministry of Education, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, China (C.Y.); School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (Y.W.K.); Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China (S.M.Y.L., M.P.M.H.); State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong (S.W.C.); and Entia Biosciences Inc., Sherwood, Oregon (M.H.)
| | - S W Chan
- State Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Biotechnologies and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (R.W.S.L., A.S.M.S., P.M.V., G.P.H.L.); Ethnic Drug Screening and Pharmacology Center, Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources, State Ethnic Affairs Commission and Ministry of Education, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, China (C.Y.); School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (Y.W.K.); Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China (S.M.Y.L., M.P.M.H.); State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong (S.W.C.); and Entia Biosciences Inc., Sherwood, Oregon (M.H.)
| | - Marvin Hausman
- State Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Biotechnologies and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (R.W.S.L., A.S.M.S., P.M.V., G.P.H.L.); Ethnic Drug Screening and Pharmacology Center, Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources, State Ethnic Affairs Commission and Ministry of Education, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, China (C.Y.); School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (Y.W.K.); Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China (S.M.Y.L., M.P.M.H.); State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong (S.W.C.); and Entia Biosciences Inc., Sherwood, Oregon (M.H.)
| | - Paul M Vanhoutte
- State Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Biotechnologies and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (R.W.S.L., A.S.M.S., P.M.V., G.P.H.L.); Ethnic Drug Screening and Pharmacology Center, Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources, State Ethnic Affairs Commission and Ministry of Education, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, China (C.Y.); School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (Y.W.K.); Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China (S.M.Y.L., M.P.M.H.); State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong (S.W.C.); and Entia Biosciences Inc., Sherwood, Oregon (M.H.)
| | - George P H Leung
- State Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Biotechnologies and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (R.W.S.L., A.S.M.S., P.M.V., G.P.H.L.); Ethnic Drug Screening and Pharmacology Center, Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources, State Ethnic Affairs Commission and Ministry of Education, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, China (C.Y.); School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (Y.W.K.); Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China (S.M.Y.L., M.P.M.H.); State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong (S.W.C.); and Entia Biosciences Inc., Sherwood, Oregon (M.H.)
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Abstract
ABSTRACT
During infection,
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
is exposed to a diverse array of microenvironments in the human host, each with its own unique set of redox conditions. Imbalances in the redox environment of the bacillus or the host environment serve as stimuli, which could regulate virulence. The ability of
M. tuberculosis
to evade the host immune response and cause disease is largely owing to the capacity of the mycobacterium to sense changes in its environment, such as host-generated gases, carbon sources, and pathological conditions, and alter its metabolism and redox balance accordingly for survival. In this article we discuss the redox sensors that are, to date, known to be present in
M. tuberculosis
, such as the Dos dormancy regulon, WhiB family, anti-σ factors, and MosR, in addition to the strategies present in the bacillus to neutralize free radicals, such as superoxide dismutases, catalase-peroxidase, thioredoxins, and methionine sulfoxide reductases, among others.
M. tuberculosis
is peculiar in that it appears to have a hierarchy of redox buffers, namely, mycothiol and ergothioneine. We discuss the current knowledge of their biosynthesis, function, and regulation. Ergothioneine is still an enigma, although it appears to have distinct and overlapping functions with mycothiol, which enable it to protect against a wide range of toxic metabolites and free radicals generated by the host. Developing approaches to quantify the intracellular redox status of the mycobacterium will enable us to determine how the redox balance is altered in response to signals and environments that mimic those encountered in the host.
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Sakamoto Y, Hisatsune A, Katsuki H, Horie I, Isohama Y. Aquaporin 5 increases keratinocyte-derived chemokine expression and NF-κB activity through ERK activation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 448:355-60. [PMID: 24747567 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.04.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Aquaporin-5 (AQP5) is a water-selective channel protein that is expressed in submucosal glands and alveolar epithelial cells in the lungs. Recent studies have revealed that AQPs regulate not only water metabolism, but also some cellular functions such as cell growth and migration. Here, we report the role of AQP5 in inflammatory responses. In MLE-12 cells, knockdown of AQP5 using siRNA (10-50 nM) attenuated TNF-α-induced expression of keratinocyte chemoattractant (KC) mRNA and protein. Conversely, in NIH-3T3 cells, overexpression of AQP5 increased KC expression, NF-κB activation, and ERK phosphorylation. The AQP5-induced increase of KC expression was diminished by treatment with ERK inhibitors. Taken together, we propose a new function of AQP5 as an inflammatory signal potentiator, which may be mediated by increased activation of ERK and NF-κB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuima Sakamoto
- Department of Chemico-Pharmacological Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-Honmachi, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan; Laboratory of Applied Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Sciences, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Akinori Hisatsune
- Department of Chemico-Pharmacological Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-Honmachi, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Katsuki
- Department of Chemico-Pharmacological Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-Honmachi, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Ichiro Horie
- Laboratory of Applied Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Sciences, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Isohama
- Laboratory of Applied Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Sciences, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan.
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A New strategy for Quantitative Analysis of Ergothioneine in Fermentation Broth by RP-HPLC. PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2012 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON APPLIED BIOTECHNOLOGY (ICAB 2012) 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-37916-1_32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) and its more severe form of clinical manifestation, the acute respiratory distress syndrome is associated with significant dysfunction in air exchange due to inflammation of the lung parenchyma. Several factors contribute to the inflammatory process, including hypoxia (inadequate oxygen), hyperoxia (higher than normal partial pressure of oxygen), inflammatory mediators (such as cytokines), infections (viral and bacterial), and environmental conditions (such as cigarette smoke or noxious gases). However, studies over the past several decades suggest that oxidants formed in the various cells of the lung including endothelial, alveolar, and epithelial cells as well as lung macrophages and neutrophils in response to the factors mentioned above mediate the pathogenesis of ALI. Oxidants modify cellular proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and DNA to cause their aberrant function. For example, oxidation of lipids changes membrane permeability. Interestingly, recent studies also suggest that spatially and temporally regulated production of oxidants plays an important role antimicrobial defense and immunomodulatory function (such as transcription factor activation). To counteract the oxidants an arsenal of antioxidants exists in the lung to maintain the redox status, but when overwhelmed tissue injury and exacerbation of inflammation occurs. We present below the current understanding of the pathogenesis of oxidant-mediated ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Vidya Sarma
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Abstract
Cytokines and growth factors play an integral role in the maintenance of immune homeostasis, the generation of protective immunity, and lung reparative processes. However, the dysregulated expression of cytokines and growth factors in response to infectious or noxious insults can initiate and perpetuate deleterious lung inflammation and fibroproliferation. In this article, we will comprehensively review the contribution of individual cytokines and growth factors and cytokine networks to key pathophysiological events in human and experimental acute lung injury (ALI), including inflammatory cell recruitment and activation, alveolar epithelial injury and repair, angiogenesis, and matrix deposition and remodeling. The application of cytokines/growth factors as prognostic indicators and therapeutic targets in human ALI is explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane C Deng
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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De Luna P, Bushnell EAC, Gauld JW. A Density Functional Theory Investigation into the Binding of the Antioxidants Ergothioneine and Ovothiol to Copper. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:4057-65. [DOI: 10.1021/jp402514w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Phil De Luna
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Eric A. C. Bushnell
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - James W. Gauld
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario N9B 3P4, Canada
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Ergothioneine is a secreted antioxidant in Mycobacterium smegmatis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2013; 57:3202-7. [PMID: 23629716 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02572-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ergothioneine (ERG) and mycothiol (MSH) are two low-molecular-weight thiols synthesized by mycobacteria. The role of MSH has been extensively investigated in mycobacteria; however, little is known about the role of ERG in mycobacterial physiology. In this study, quantification of ERG at various points in the growth cycle of Mycobacterium smegmatis revealed that a significant portion of ERG is found in the culture media, suggesting that it is actively secreted. A mutant of M. smegmatis lacking egtD (MSMEG_6247) was unable to synthesize ERG, confirming its role in ERG biosynthesis. Deletion of egtD from wild-type M. smegmatis and an MSH-deficient mutant did not affect their susceptibility to antibiotics tested in this study. The ERG- and MSH-deficient double mutant was significantly more sensitive to peroxide than either of the single mutants lacking either ERG or MSH, suggesting that both thiols play a role in protecting M. smegmatis against oxidative stress and that ERG is able to partly compensate for the loss of MSH.
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Nishitani Y, Zhang L, Yoshida M, Azuma T, Kanazawa K, Hashimoto T, Mizuno M. Intestinal anti-inflammatory activity of lentinan: influence on IL-8 and TNFR1 expression in intestinal epithelial cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e62441. [PMID: 23630633 PMCID: PMC3632531 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0062441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2013] [Accepted: 03/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. It is unknown whether β-1,3;1,6-glucan can induce immune suppressive effects. Here, we study intestinal anti-inflammatory activity of Lentinula edodes-derived β-1,3;1,6-glucan, which is known as lentinan. Dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mice were used to elucidate effects of lentinan in vivo. In the cellular level assessment, lentinan was added into a co-culture model consisting of intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cells and LPS-stimulated macrophage RAW264.7 cells. Ligated intestinal loop assay was performed for assessing effects of lentinan on intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) in vivo. Oral administration of lentinan (100 µg/mouse) significantly ameliorated DSS-induced colitis in body weight loss, shortening of colon lengths, histological score, and inflammatory cytokine mRNA expression in inflamed tissues. Lentinan reduced interleukin (IL)-8 mRNA expression and nuclear factor (NF)-κB activation in Caco-2 cells without decreasing of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α production from RAW264.7 cells. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that surface levels of TNF receptor (TNFR) 1 were decreased by lentinan treatment. A clathrin-mediated endocytosis inhibitor, monodansylcadaverine, canceled lentinan inhibition of IL-8 mRNA expression. Moreover, lentinan inhibited TNFR1 expression in Caco-2 cells in both protein and mRNA level. Lentinan also inhibited TNFR1 mRNA expression in mouse IECs. These results suggest that lentinan exhibits intestinal anti-inflammatory activity through inhibition of IL-8 mRNA expression associated with the inhibition of NF-κB activation which is triggered by TNFR1 endocytosis and lowering of their expression in IECs. Lentinan may be effective for the treatment of gut inflammation including IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Nishitani
- Team of Health Bioscience, Organization of Advanced Science and Technology, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Agrobioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Masaru Yoshida
- Gastroenterology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
- The Integrated Center for Mass Spectrometry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Takeshi Azuma
- Gastroenterology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Kazuki Kanazawa
- Department of Agrobioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Takashi Hashimoto
- Department of Agrobioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Masashi Mizuno
- Department of Agrobioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Bushnell EAC, Fortowsky GB, Gauld JW. Model iron-oxo species and the oxidation of imidazole: insights into the mechanism of OvoA and EgtB? Inorg Chem 2012; 51:13351-6. [PMID: 23215044 DOI: 10.1021/ic3021172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A density functional theory cluster and first-principles quantum and statistical mechanics approach have been used to investigate the ability of iron-oxygen intermediates to oxidize a histidine cosubstrate, which may then allow for the possible formation of 2- and 5-histidylcysteine sulfoxide, respectively. Namely, the ability of ferric superoxo (Fe(III)O(2)(•-)), Fe(IV)═O, and ferrous peroxysulfur (Fe(III)OOS) complexes to oxidize the imidazole of histidine via an electron transfer (ET) or a proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) was considered. While the high-valent mononuclear Fe(IV)═O species is generally considered the ultimate biooxidant, the free energies for its reduction (via ET or PCET) suggest that it is unable to directly oxidize histidine's imidazole. Instead, only the ferrous peroxysulfur complexes are sufficiently powerful enough oxidants to generate a histidyl-derived radical via a PCET process. Furthermore, while this process preferably forms a HisN(δ)(-H)(•) radical, several such oxidants are also suggested to be capable of generating the higher-energy HisC(δ)(-H)(•) and HisC(ε)(-H)(•) radicals. Importantly, the present results suggest that formation of the sulfoxide-containing products (seen in both OvoA and EgtB) is a consequence of the reduction of a powerful Fe(III)OOS oxidant via a PCET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric A C Bushnell
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario N9B 3P4, Canada
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Kim JS, Peters TM, O'Shaughnessy PT, Adamcakova-Dodd A, Thorne PS. Validation of an in vitro exposure system for toxicity assessment of air-delivered nanomaterials. Toxicol In Vitro 2012; 27:164-73. [PMID: 22981796 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2012.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2012] [Revised: 08/27/2012] [Accepted: 08/28/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
To overcome the limitations of in vitro exposure of submerged lung cells to nanoparticles (NPs), we validated an integrated low flow system capable of generating and depositing airborne NPs directly onto cells at an air-liquid interface (ALI). The in vitro exposure system was shown to provide uniform and controlled dosing of particles with 70.3% efficiency to epithelial cells grown on transwells. This system delivered a continuous airborne exposure of NPs to lung cells without loss of cell viability in repeated 4h exposure periods. We sequentially exposed cells to air-delivered copper (Cu) NPs in vitro to compare toxicity results to our prior in vivo inhalation studies. The evaluation of cellular dosimetry indicated that a large amount of Cu was taken up, dissolved and released into the basolateral medium (62% of total mass). Exposure to Cu NPs decreased cell viability to 73% (p<0.01) and significantly (p<0.05) elevated levels of lactate dehydrogenase, intracellular reactive oxygen species and interleukin-8 that mirrored our findings from subacute in vivo inhalation studies in mice. Our results show that this exposure system is useful for screening of NP toxicity in a manner that represents cellular responses of the pulmonary epithelium in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Sung Kim
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Human Toxicology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242-5000, USA.
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