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Gao Q, Xu G, Wang G, Wang W, Zhu C, Shi Y, Guo C, Cong J, Ming H, Su D, Ma X. RNA-seq analysis-based study on the effects of gestational diabetes mellitus on macrosomia. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1330704. [PMID: 38660519 PMCID: PMC11039845 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1330704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Both the mother and the infant are negatively impacted by macrosomia. Macrosomia is three times as common in hyperglycemic mothers as in normal mothers. This study sought to determine why hyperglycemic mothers experienced higher macrosomia. Methods: Hematoxylin and Eosin staining was used to detect the placental structure of normal mother(NN), mothers who gave birth to macrosomia(NM), and mothers who gave birth to macrosomia and had hyperglycemia (DM). The gene expressions of different groups were detected by RNA-seq. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened with DESeq2 R software and verified by qRT-PCR. The STRING database was used to build protein-protein interaction networks of DEGs. The Cytoscape was used to screen the Hub genes of the different group. Results The NN group's placental weight differed significantly from that of the other groups. The structure of NN group's placenta is different from that of the other group, too. 614 and 3207 DEGs of NM and DM, respectively, were examined in comparison to the NN group. Additionally, 394 DEGs of DM were examined in comparison to NM. qRT-PCR verified the results of RNA-seq. Nucleolar stress appears to be an important factor in macrosomia, according on the results of KEGG and GO analyses. The results revealed 74 overlapped DEGs that acted as links between hyperglycemia and macrosomia, and 10 of these, known as Hub genes, were key players in this process. Additionally, this analysis believes that due of their close connections, non-overlapping Hubs shouldn't be discounted. Conclusion In diabetic mother, ten Hub genes (RPL36, RPS29, RPL8 and so on) are key factors in the increased macrosomia in hyperglycemia. Hyperglycemia and macrosomia are linked by 74 overlapping DEGs. Additionally, this approach contends that non-overlapping Hubs shouldn't be ignored because of their tight relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Gao
- Shandong Engineering Research Center of Novel Pharmaceutical Excipients, Sustained and Controlled Released Preparations, Dezhou, Shandong, China
- Omics Technologies and Health Engineering Research Center, Dezhou, Shandong, China
- College of Medicine and Nursing, Dezhou University, Dezhou, China
| | - Guanying Xu
- Department of Obsterics and Gynecology, Dezhou Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Dezhou, China
| | - Guijie Wang
- Department of Obsterics and Gynecology, Dezhou Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Dezhou, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Protection, Linyi Vocational College of Science and Technology, Linyi, China
| | - Chao Zhu
- Shandong Engineering Research Center of Novel Pharmaceutical Excipients, Sustained and Controlled Released Preparations, Dezhou, Shandong, China
- Omics Technologies and Health Engineering Research Center, Dezhou, Shandong, China
- College of Medicine and Nursing, Dezhou University, Dezhou, China
| | - Yang Shi
- Department of Obsterics and Gynecology, Dezhou Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Dezhou, China
| | | | - Jing Cong
- Department of Obsterics and Gynecology, Dezhou Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Dezhou, China
| | - Hongxia Ming
- College of Ecology, Resources and Environment, Dezhou, China
| | - Dongmei Su
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Genetics, Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health Engineering Technology Research of China’s National Health Commission, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Ma
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Genetics, Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health Engineering Technology Research of China’s National Health Commission, Beijing, China
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A new IRES-mediated truncated Cx32 isoform inhibits global mRNA translation to suppress glioblastoma. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 161:114513. [PMID: 36931032 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most lethal malignant primary brain tumor. Although multimodal therapy has been applied for GBM, the median survival time remains less than 16 months. Thus, better therapeutic targets in GBM are urgently needed. Herein, we first identified five new N-terminal-truncated Cx32 isoforms (GJB1-28k, GJB1-22k, GJB1-20k, GJB1-15k, and GJB1-13k) and further demonstrated that they were generated via cap-independent internal translation through internal ribosome entry sites (IRESs) in the coding sequence of GJB1 mRNA. Among these isoforms, GJB1-13k inhibited proliferation, promoted apoptosis, and limited cell cycle progression in GBM cells by inhibiting global mRNA translation. In vivo experiments further confirmed the antitumor activity of GJB1-13k against GBM cells. In addition, TSR3, a ribosomal maturation factor, was demonstrated to directly interact with GJB1-13k. Moreover, GBM cells with high TSR3 expression exhibited low sensitivity to GJB1-13k treatment, while GJB1-13k sensitivity was restored by TSR3 knockdown. Our work identifies a new IRES-mediated protein, GJB1-13k, and suggests that overexpression of GJB1-13k in GBM cells with low TSR3 expression or combined targeting of GJB1-13k and TSR3 in GBM cells with high TSR3 expression constitutes a potential therapeutic strategy for GBM.
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3
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Shen C, Chen Z, Zhang Y, Xu W, Peng R, Jiang J, Zuo W, Fan Y, Zheng B. Biochemical and clinical effects of RPS20 expression in renal clear cell carcinoma. Oncol Rep 2022; 49:22. [PMID: 36484407 PMCID: PMC9773015 DOI: 10.3892/or.2022.8459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) remains one of the most lethal urinary tumors in East Asia despite great advancements in treatment strategies in recent years. Ribosomal protein S20 (RPS20) is considered a new oncogene; however, little information is available on its expression, regulation and biological function in patients with RCC. In the present study, 43 pairs of human RCC and neighboring normal renal tissues were examined for protein expression and immunohistochemistry examination of RPS20. Lentiviral transduction was also employed to create RPS20 knockdown cell lines for downstream cellular experiments. MTT, flow cytometry, wound healing, colony formation and invasion assays were used to examine how RPS20 affected kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC) cell behavior. Western blotting was used to detect cycle‑related proteins (CDK4 and cyclin D1), Wnt‑related proteins (N‑cadherin and E‑cadherin) and signaling proteins [phosphorylated (p)‑AKT and p‑ERK]. The functions of RPS20 in vivo were examined in 786‑O cells with RPS20 knockdown. RPS20 was significantly overexpressed in tumor tissues compared with its expression in the corresponding normal tissues. RPS20 expression was linked to tumor stage, differentiation grade, tumor size and lymph node metastasis, and it had an independent prognostic value in KIRC. Since RCC cell proliferation, migration and invasion were suppressed when RPS20 was knocked down, the formation of renal tumors in vivo was markedly slowed down. In RPS20 knockdown cell lines, CDK4, cyclin D1 and E‑cadherin were downregulated, while N‑cadherin expression was increased. RPS20 was also observed to be involved in controlling the activation of the ERK and mTOR signaling pathways. In summary, the present study showed that RPS20 increased cell proliferation in RCC by activating the AKT‑mTOR and ERK‑MAPK signaling pathways, which suggests that RPS20 may be a therapeutic and prognostic target for RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Shen
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China,Medical Research Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Zhan Chen
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China,Medical Research Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China,Medical Research Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China,Medical Research Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Rui Peng
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China,Medical Research Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Jie Jiang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China,Medical Research Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Wenjing Zuo
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Yihui Fan
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China,Dr Yihui Fan, Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, 20 Xisi Road, Chongchuan District, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China, E-mail:
| | - Bing Zheng
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China,Correspondence to: Dr Bing Zheng, Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 6 North Road, Haierxiang, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China, E-mail:
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4
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Lin S, Xian M, Ren T, Mo G, Zhang L, Zhang X. Mining of chicken muscle growth genes and the function of important candidate gene RPL3L in muscle development. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1033075. [PMID: 36407004 PMCID: PMC9669902 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1033075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The birth weight of chickens does not significantly affect the weight at slaughter, while the different growth rate after birth was one of the important reasons for the difference in slaughter weight. Also, the increase in chickens' postnatal skeletal muscle weight is the main cause of the slaughter weight gain, but which genes are involved in this biological process is still unclear. In this study, by integrating four transcriptome datasets containing chicken muscles at different developmental times or different chicken tissues in public databases, a total of nine candidate genes that may be related to postnatal muscle development in chickens were obtained, including RPL3L, FBP2, ASB4, ASB15, CKMT2, PGAM1, YIPF7, PFKM, and LDHA. One of these candidate genes is RPL3L, whose 42 bp insertion/deletion (indel) mutation significantly correlated with multiple carcass traits in the F2 resource population from Xinghua chickens crossing with White Recessive Rock (WRR) chickens, including live weight, carcass weight, half eviscerated weight, eviscerated weight, breast meat weight, wing weight, leg muscle shear force, and breast muscle shear force. Also, there was a very significant difference between different genotypes of the RPL3L 42 bp indel mutation in these trains. Further experiments showed that RPL3L was highly expressed in chicken skeletal muscle, and its overexpression could promote the proliferation and inhibit the differentiation of chicken myoblasts by regulating ASB4 and ASB15 expression. Our findings demonstrated that the RPL3L 42 bp indel may be one of the molecular markers of chicken weight-related traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shudai Lin
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Mingjian Xian
- Department of Animal Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tuanhui Ren
- Department of Animal Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guodong Mo
- Department of Animal Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Zhang
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiquan Zhang
- Department of Animal Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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5
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Jiang H, Liu X, Li Y, Zhang R, Liu H, Ma X, Wu L, Qiao Z, Li X. Identification of ribosomal protein L24 (RPL24) from the oriental river prawn, Macrobrachium nipponense, and its roles in ovarian development. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2022; 266:111154. [PMID: 35032656 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2022.111154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Ribosomal proteins exhibit various extraribosomal functions in addition to their roles in protein synthesis. In this study, complementary DNA (cDNA) of ribosomal protein L24 in Macrobrachium nipponense (MnRPL24) was isolated, and its role in ovarian development was investigated using quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR), immunohistochemistry (IHC), RNA interference (RNAi) and histological observations. The complete cDNA of MnRPL24 is 564 base pairs (bps) and contains a 486 bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding 162 amino acids (aas). The highest expression level of MnRPL24 among eight tissues was found in the ovary, specifically in the stage I ovary. The MnRPL24 protein existed in the cytoplasm and nucleus of developing oocytes, and also existed in the cytoplasm of follicle cells in developing ovaries. After MnRPL24 knockdown by RNAi, the expression levels of vitellogenin (Vg), vitellogenin receptor (Vgr), cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (Cdc2) and M-phase cyclin (Cyclin B) genes and the gonadsomatic index (GSI) did not show the typical trend of gradually elevation with ovarian development and finally decrease in the later stage of ovarian cycle. Moreover, the oviposition rate (OR) was downregulated, and oocyte development was delayed after MnRPL24 knockdown. After eyestalk ablation, the MnRPL24 expression level was considerably elevated in the initial stages and decreased in the late stage of the ovarian development cycle. This investigation illustrates a possible regulatory role of MnRPL24 in the ovarian development of M. nipponense, and MnRPL24 may act as a stimulator of early ovarian development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Jiang
- Engineering Lab of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Disease Control, Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Cultivation, College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, PR China.
| | - Xuewei Liu
- Engineering Lab of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Disease Control, Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Cultivation, College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, PR China
| | - Yizheng Li
- Engineering Lab of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Disease Control, Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Cultivation, College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, PR China
| | - Ran Zhang
- Engineering Lab of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Disease Control, Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Cultivation, College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, PR China
| | - Huifen Liu
- Engineering Lab of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Disease Control, Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Cultivation, College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, PR China
| | - Xiao Ma
- Engineering Lab of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Disease Control, Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Cultivation, College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, PR China
| | - Limin Wu
- Engineering Lab of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Disease Control, Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Cultivation, College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, PR China
| | - Zhigang Qiao
- Engineering Lab of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Disease Control, Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Cultivation, College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, PR China
| | - Xuejun Li
- Engineering Lab of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Disease Control, Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Cultivation, College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, PR China
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6
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Deregulation of ribosomal proteins in human cancers. Biosci Rep 2021; 41:230380. [PMID: 34873618 PMCID: PMC8685657 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20211577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The ribosome, the site for protein synthesis, is composed of ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs) and ribosomal proteins (RPs). The latter have been shown to have many ribosomal and extraribosomal functions. RPs are implicated in a variety of pathological processes, especially tumorigenesis and cell transformation. In this review, we will focus on the recent advances that shed light on the effects of RPs deregulation in different types of cancer and their roles in regulating the tumor cell fate.
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7
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Molavi G, Samadi N, Hosseingholi EZ. The roles of moonlight ribosomal proteins in the development of human cancers. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:8327-8341. [PMID: 30417503 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
"Moonlighting protein" is a term used to define a single protein with multiple functions and different activities that are not derived from gene fusions, multiple RNA splicing, or the proteolytic activity of promiscuous enzymes. Different proteinous constituents of ribosomes have been shown to have important moonlighting extra-ribosomal functions. In this review, we introduce the impact of key moonlight ribosomal proteins and dependent signal transduction in the initiation and progression of various cancers. As a future perspective, the potential role of these moonlight ribosomal proteins in the diagnosis, prognosis, and development of novel strategies to improve the efficacy of therapies for human cancers has been suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghader Molavi
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nasser Samadi
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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8
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Sørensen KMJ, Meldgaard T, Melchjorsen CJ, Fridriksdottir AJ, Pedersen H, Petersen OW, Kristensen P. Upregulation of Mrps18a in breast cancer identified by selecting phage antibody libraries on breast tissue sections. BMC Cancer 2017; 17:19. [PMID: 28056857 PMCID: PMC5376696 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2987-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background One of the hallmarks of cancer is an altered energy metabolism, and here, mitochondria play a central role. Previous studies have indicated that some mitochondrial ribosomal proteins change their expression patterns upon transformation. Method In this study, we have used the selection of recombinant antibody libraries displayed on the surface of filamentous bacteriophage as a proteomics discovery tool for the identification of breast cancer biomarkers. A small subpopulation of breast cells expressing both cytokeratin 19 and cytokeratin 14 was targeted using a novel selection procedure. Results We identified the mitochondrial ribosomal protein s18a (Mrps18a) as a protein which is upregulated in breast cancer. However, Mrps18a was not homogeneously upregulated in all cancer cells, suggesting the existence of sub-populations within the tumor. The upregulation was not confined to cytokeratin 19 and cytokeratin 14 double positive cells. Conclusion This study illustrates how phage display can be applied towards the discovery of proteins which exhibit changes in their expression patterns. We identified the mitochondrial protein Mrps18a as being upregulated in human breast cancer cells compared to normal breast cells. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-016-2987-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Theresa Meldgaard
- Department of Engineering, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, 8000 Aarhus C, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Agla J Fridriksdottir
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Centre for Biological Disease Analysis and Danish Stem Cell Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henrik Pedersen
- Department of Engineering, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, 8000 Aarhus C, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ole William Petersen
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Centre for Biological Disease Analysis and Danish Stem Cell Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Kristensen
- Department of Engineering, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, 8000 Aarhus C, Aarhus, Denmark.
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Highly expressed ribosomal protein L34 indicates poor prognosis in osteosarcoma and its knockdown suppresses osteosarcoma proliferation probably through translational control. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37690. [PMID: 27883047 PMCID: PMC5121591 DOI: 10.1038/srep37690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma has devastating health implications on children and adolescents. However, due to its low incidence and high tumor heterogeneity, it is hard to achieve any further improvements in therapy and overall survival. Ribosomal protein L34 (RPL34) has been increasingly recognized to promote the proliferation of malignant cells, but its role in osteosarcoma has not been investigated. In this study, real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and immunohistochemistry revealed that RPL34 was highly expressed in osteosarcoma tissues when compared to adjacent tissues and normal bone tissues. Survival analysis showed that high expression of RPL34 predicted a poor prognosis for osteosarcoma patients. Knockdown of RPL34 in Saos-2 cells via lentivirus-mediated small interfering RNA (siRNA) significantly inhibited cell proliferation, induced cell apoptosis and G2/M phase arrest. Moreover, screening of transcription factors using University of California Santa Cruz (UCSC) Genome Browser, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis, Gene Ontology (GO) and pathway enrichment analysis revealed that MYC participates in the transcriptional regulation of RPL34, which interacts with the subunits of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 (eIF3) and probably involves the translational control of growth-promoting proteins. Our findings suggest that RPL34 plays an important role in the proliferation of osteosarcoma cells.
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10
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Baik IH, Jo GH, Seo D, Ko MJ, Cho CH, Lee MG, Lee YH. Knockdown of RPL9 expression inhibits colorectal carcinoma growth via the inactivation of Id-1/NF-κB signaling axis. Int J Oncol 2016; 49:1953-1962. [PMID: 27633352 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Ribosomal protein L9 (RPL9), a component of the 60S subunit for protein synthesis, is upregulated in human colorectal cancer. In the present study, we investigated whether RPL9 gained extraribosomal function during tumorigenesis and whether targeting of RPL9 with small interfering (si) RNA could alter the course of colorectal cancer progression. Our results showed that siRNA knockdown of RPL9 suppresses colorectal cancer (CRC) cell growth and long-term colony formation through an increase in sub-G1 cell population and a strong induction of apoptotic cell death. To obtain insights into the molecular changes in response to RPL9 knockdown, global changes in gene expression were examined using RNA sequencing. It revealed that RPL9-specific knockdown led to dysregulation of 918 genes in HCT116 and 3178 genes in HT29 cells. Among these, 296 genes showed same directional regulation (128 upregulated and 168 downregulated genes) and were considered as a common RPL9 knockdown signature. Particularly, we found through a network analysis that Id-1, which is functionally associated with activation of NF-κB and cell survival, was commonly downregulated. Subsequent western blot analysis affirmed that RPL9 silencing induced the decrease in the levels of Id-1 and phosphorylated IκBα in both HCT116 and HT29 cells. Also, the same condition decreased the levels of PARP-1 and pro-caspase-3, accelerating apoptosis. Furthermore, inhibition of RPL9 expression significantly suppressed the growth of human CRC xenografts in nude mice. These findings indicate that the function of RPL9 is correlated with Id-1/NF-κB signaling axis and suggest that targeting RPL9 could be an attractive option for molecular therapy of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- In Hye Baik
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Guk-Heui Jo
- Myunggok Eye Research Institute, Kim's Eye Hospital, Konyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Daekwan Seo
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Ji Ko
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Chi Heum Cho
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Goo Lee
- Department of Pharmacology and Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Sciences, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Han Lee
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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11
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Xu X, Xiong X, Sun Y. The role of ribosomal proteins in the regulation of cell proliferation, tumorigenesis, and genomic integrity. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2016; 59:656-72. [DOI: 10.1007/s11427-016-0018-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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12
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de Las Heras-Rubio A, Perucho L, Paciucci R, Vilardell J, LLeonart ME. Ribosomal proteins as novel players in tumorigenesis. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2015; 33:115-41. [PMID: 24375388 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-013-9460-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Ribosome biogenesis is the most demanding energetic and metabolic expenditure of the cell. The nucleolus, a nuclear compartment, coordinates rRNA transcription, maturation, and assembly into ribosome subunits. The transcription process is highly coordinated with ribosome biogenesis. In this context, ribosomal proteins (RPs) play a crucial role. In the last decade, an increasing number of studies have associated RPs with extraribosomal functions related to proliferation. Importantly, the expression of RPs appears to be deregulated in several human disorders due, at least in part, to genetic mutations. Although the deregulation of RPs in human malignancies is commonly observed, a more complex mechanism is believed to be involved, favoring the tumorigenic process, its progression and metastasis. This review explores the roles of the most frequently mutated oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes in human cancer that modulate ribosome biogenesis, including their interaction with RPs. In this regard, we propose a new focus for novel therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- A de Las Heras-Rubio
- Oncology and Pathology Group, Institut de Recerca Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
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Wang W, Nag S, Zhang X, Wang MH, Wang H, Zhou J, Zhang R. Ribosomal proteins and human diseases: pathogenesis, molecular mechanisms, and therapeutic implications. Med Res Rev 2014; 35:225-85. [PMID: 25164622 DOI: 10.1002/med.21327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Ribosomes are essential components of the protein synthesis machinery. The process of ribosome biogenesis is well organized and tightly regulated. Recent studies have shown that ribosomal proteins (RPs) have extraribosomal functions that are involved in cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, DNA repair, and other cellular processes. The dysfunction of RPs has been linked to the development and progression of hematological, metabolic, and cardiovascular diseases and cancer. Perturbation of ribosome biogenesis results in ribosomal stress, which triggers activation of the p53 signaling pathway through RPs-MDM2 interactions, resulting in p53-dependent cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. RPs also regulate cellular functions through p53-independent mechanisms. We herein review the recent advances in several forefronts of RP research, including the understanding of their biological features and roles in regulating cellular functions, maintaining cell homeostasis, and their involvement in the pathogenesis of human diseases. We also highlight the translational potential of this research for the identification of molecular biomarkers, and in the discovery and development of novel treatments for human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, Texas, 79106; Cancer Biology Center, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, Texas, 79106
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Makkapan W, Yoshizaki G, Tashiro M, Chotigeat W. Expression profile of ribosomal protein L10a throughout gonadal development in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2014; 40:1069-1081. [PMID: 24385218 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-013-9906-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2013] [Accepted: 12/27/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Ribosomal protein L10a (RpL10A) has been previously established as a stimulator during the early stages of ovarian development in both the banana prawn and the fruit fly. In order to develop a greater understanding of the role of this protein in vertebrates, the present study aimed to characterize the expression profile of rpl10a during gonadal development in fish. It was determined that the expression of rpl10a within genital ridges increased during embryonic development. Although rpl10a expression was observed in both gonadal somatic cells and primordial germ cells, higher levels of both transcript and protein expression were detected in somatic cells. rpl10a transcripts were observed in all of the adult tissues examined. Cellular level expression of rpl10a was subsequently characterized across various maturational stages using in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry of both testes and ovaries. Analysis of tissue derived from the testis showed high levels of rpl10a expression within spermatogonia and the Sertoli cells attached to them. In ovarian tissue, rpl10a was strongly expressed in chromatin-nucleolus-stage and peri-nucleolus-stage oocytes. The relationship between rpl10a expression and regulation of gonadal development was confirmed using real-time PCR, which was performed in order to analyze rpl10a expression in testicular and ovarian tissues subsequent to incubation with salmon pituitary extract and various sex steroids for 24 h. Among them, 11-ketotestosterone at 100 ng/mL effectively up-regulated expression of rpl10a in testicular tissues, while 17β-estradiol down-regulated rpl10a expression in ovarian tissues. These results suggested that rpl10a played a role in the regulation of gonadal development in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walaiporn Makkapan
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hatyai, 90112, Songkhla, Thailand
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Yu J, Hu S, Ma K, Sun L, Hu H, Zou F, Guo Q, Lei Z, Zhou D, Sun Y, Zhang D, Ma L, Shen B, Zhu C. Ribosomal protein S29 regulates metabolic insecticide resistance through binding and degradation of CYP6N3. PLoS One 2014; 9:e94611. [PMID: 24728095 PMCID: PMC3984272 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0094611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Many diseases are transmitted by mosquitoes, including malaria, dengue fever, yellow fever, filariasis, and West Nile fever. Chemical control plays a major role in managing mosquito-borne diseases. However, excessive and continuous application of insecticides has caused the development of insecticide resistance in many species including mosquito, and this has become the major obstacle to controlling mosquito-borne diseases. Insecticide resistance is the result of complex polygenic inheritance, and the mechanisms are not well understood. Ribosomal protein RPS29 was found to be associated with DM resistance in our previous study. In this study, we aim to further investigate the involvement of RPS29 in deltamethrin resistance. Methodology and Principal Findings In this study, tandem affinity purification was used to identify proteins that can interact with RPS29. Among the candidate proteins, CYP6N3, a member of the CYP450 superfamily, was identified, and binding to RPS29 was confirmed in vitro and in vivo by GST pull-down and immunofluorescence. CCK-8 assay was used to investigate the RPS29-CTP6N3 interaction in relation to DM resistance. CYP6N3 overexpression significantly enhanced DM resistance and insect cell viability, but this was reversed by RPS29 overexpression. Western blot was used to study the mechanism of interaction between RPS29 and CYP6N3. RPS29 increases CYP6N3 protein degradation through the proteasome. Conclusions and Significance These observations indicate that CYP6N3, a novel RPS29-interacting partner, could stimulate deltamethrin resistance in mosquito cells and RPS29 overexpression targeted CYP6N3 for proteosomal degradation, abrogating the CYP6N3-associated resistence to deltamethrin. Our findings provide a novel mechanism associated with CYP450s mediated DM resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shengli Hu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kai Ma
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Linchun Sun
- Pediatric Research Center, Nanjing Children's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongxia Hu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Feifei Zou
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qin Guo
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhentao Lei
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dan Zhou
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Donghui Zhang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Ma
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bo Shen
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- * E-mail: (BS); (CLZ)
| | - Changliang Zhu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- * E-mail: (BS); (CLZ)
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Eid R, Sheibani S, Gharib N, Lapointe JF, Horowitz A, Vali H, Mandato CA, Greenwood MT. Human ribosomal protein L9 is a Bax suppressor that promotes cell survival in yeast. FEMS Yeast Res 2013; 14:495-507. [DOI: 10.1111/1567-1364.12121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2013] [Revised: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rawan Eid
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Royal Military College; Kingston ON Canada
| | - Sara Sheibani
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Royal Military College; Kingston ON Canada
| | - Nada Gharib
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Royal Military College; Kingston ON Canada
| | - Jason F. Lapointe
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology; McGill University; Montreal QC Canada
| | - Avital Horowitz
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Royal Military College; Kingston ON Canada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology; McGill University; Montreal QC Canada
| | - Hojatollah Vali
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology; McGill University; Montreal QC Canada
| | - Craig A. Mandato
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology; McGill University; Montreal QC Canada
| | - Michael T. Greenwood
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Royal Military College; Kingston ON Canada
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Chen D, Zhang R, Shen W, Fu H, Liu S, Sun K, Sun X. RPS12-specific shRNA inhibits the proliferation, migration of BGC823 gastric cancer cells with S100A4 as a downstream effector. Int J Oncol 2013; 42:1763-9. [PMID: 23546393 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2013.1872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2013] [Accepted: 03/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous study using suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH), cDNA microarray and semi-quantitative RT-PCR showed that RPS12 was overexpressed in gastric cancer and it was closely related to metastasis. However, the role of RPS12 in gastric cancer is not clear, which led us to conduct the current study to further investigate the effects of RPS12 on the proliferation and migration of gastric cancer cells, and also to explore the underlying molecular mechanisms. RNA interference was used to inhibit the expression of RPS12. The expression of RPS12 and S100A4 in gastric cancer cells was determined using semi-quantitative RT-PCR and western blot analysis. Cell proliferation and migration were detected by MTT and transwell assay, respectively. In addition, the promoter activity of S100A4 was measured by a Dual-Luciferase Reporter Assay System. We found that RNAi‑mediated RPS12 downregulation led to reduced proliferation and migration of BGC823 and SGC7901 gastric cancer cells. Further results showed that RPS12 inhibition led to reduced S100A4 expression and decreased promoter activity of S100A4 in BGC823 cells. We demonstrated that ectopic expression of S100A4 reversed the reduced proliferation and migration ability after RPS12 inhibition in BGC823 cells. Our findings provide the first demonstration that RPS12 plays important roles in regulating the proliferation and migration of gastric cancer cells. S100A4 can mediate the effects of RPS12 as a downstream effector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danqi Chen
- Department of Medical Genetics, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, PR China
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Yang ZY, Gu QL. Advances in understanding the role of metallopanstimulin-1 in tumors. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2012; 20:3558-3563. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v20.i35.3558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Metallopanstimulin-1 (MPS-1), belonging to the ribosomal protein S27E family, is ubiquitously expressed in all normal tissues except the brain and placenta. In addition, MPS-1 is highly expressed in malignant tumors and cells. MPS-1 as a tumor marker or tumor-associated antigen has been extensively studied in head and neck cancer and breast cancer. MPS-1 is highly expressed in gastric cancer. Knockdown of MPS-1 expression inhibits the growth of cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo and induces spontaneous apoptosis of gastric cancer cells by repressing the NF-κB signaling pathway. In addition, MPS-1 is also highly expressed in colonic cancer and has a close relationship with the degree of malignancy and prognosis. Therefore, MPS-1 may be a novel potential therapeutic target for cancers.
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de Lima DS, Martins CS, Paixao BMDC, Amaral FC, Colli LM, Saggioro FP, Neder L, Machado HR, dos Santos ARD, Pinheiro DG, Moreira AC, Silva WA, Castro M. SAGE analysis highlights the putative role of underexpression of ribosomal proteins in GH-secreting pituitary adenomas. Eur J Endocrinol 2012; 167:759-68. [PMID: 22992986 DOI: 10.1530/eje-12-0760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the molecular pathogenesis of pituitary adenomas has been assessed by several different techniques, it still remains partially unclear. Ribosomal proteins (RPs) have been recently related to human tumorigenesis, but they have not yet been evaluated in pituitary tumorigenesis. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to introduce serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE), a high-throughput method, in pituitary research in order to compare differential gene expression. METHODS Two SAGE cDNA libraries were constructed, one using a pool of mRNA obtained from five GH-secreting pituitary tumors and another from three normal pituitaries. Genes differentially expressed between the libraries were further validated by real-time PCR in 22 GH-secreting pituitary tumors and in 15 normal pituitaries. RESULTS Computer-generated genomic analysis tools identified 13,722 and 14,993 exclusive genes in normal and adenoma libraries respectively. Both shared 6497 genes, 2188 were underexpressed and 4309 overexpressed in tumoral library. In adenoma library, 33 genes encoding RPs were underexpressed. Among these, RPSA, RPS3, RPS14, and RPS29 were validated by real-time PCR. CONCLUSION We report the first SAGE library from normal pituitary tissue and GH-secreting pituitary tumor, which provide quantitative assessment of cellular transcriptome. We also validated some downregulated genes encoding RPs. Altogether, the present data suggest that the underexpression of the studied RP genes possibly collaborates directly or indirectly with other genes to modify cell cycle arrest, DNA repair, and apoptosis, leading to an environment that might have a putative role in the tumorigenesis, introducing new perspectives for further studies on molecular genesis of somatotrophinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deison Soares de Lima
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes 3900, 14049-900 Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Comparative analysis of differentially expressed genes in Sika deer antler at different stages. Mol Biol Rep 2012; 40:1665-76. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-012-2216-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2012] [Accepted: 10/09/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Guo X, Shi Y, Gou Y, Li J, Han S, Zhang Y, Huo J, Ning X, Sun L, Chen Y, Sun S, Fan D. Human ribosomal protein S13 promotes gastric cancer growth through down-regulating p27(Kip1). J Cell Mol Med 2012; 15:296-306. [PMID: 19912438 PMCID: PMC3822796 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2009.00969.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Our previous works revealed that human ribosomal protein S13 (RPS13) was up-regulated in multidrug-resistant gastric cancer cells and overexpression of RPS13 could protect gastric cancer cells from drug-induced apoptosis. The present study was designed to explore the role of RPS13 in tumorigenesis and development of gastric cancer. The expression of RPS13 in gastric cancer tissues and normal gastric mucosa was evaluated by immunohistochemical staining and Western blot analysis. It was found RPS13 was expressed at a higher level in gastric cancer tissues than that in normal gastric mucosa. RPS13 was then genetically overexpressed in gastric cancer cells or knocked down by RNA interference. It was demonstrated that up-regulation of RPS13 accelerated the growth, enhanced in vitro colony forming and soft agar cologenic ability and promoted in vivo tumour formation potential of gastric cancer cells. Meanwhile, down-regulation of RPS13 in gastric cancer cells resulted in complete opposite effects. Moreover, overexpression of RPS13 could promote G1 to S phase transition whereas knocking down of RPS13 led to G1 arrest of gastric cancer cells. It was further demonstrated that RPS13 down-regulated p27kip1 expression and CDK2 kinase activity but did not change the expression of cyclin D, cyclin E, CDK2, CDK4 and p16INK4A. Taken together, these data indicate that RPS13 could promote the growth and cell cycle progression of gastric cancer cells at least through inhibiting p27kip1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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Dai Y, Pierson S, Dudney C, Zeng Y, Macleod V, Shaughnessy JD, Stack BC. Ribosomal protein metallopanstimulin-1 impairs multiple myeloma CAG cells growth and inhibits fibroblast growth factor receptor 3. CLINICAL LYMPHOMA MYELOMA & LEUKEMIA 2011; 11:490-7. [PMID: 21889435 DOI: 10.1016/j.clml.2011.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2010] [Revised: 04/19/2011] [Accepted: 06/10/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION It was demonstrated that metallopanstimulin-1 (MPS-1, RPS27) inhibited the growth of tumors formed by head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cells and reduced paxillin gene expression. METHODS The present study examined whether and how MPS-1 affects another type of cancer, multiple myeloma (CAG). Enhanced expression of MPS-1 dramatically inhibited CAG in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS Overexpression of MPS-1 resulted in decreased fibroblast growth factor (FGF2) receptor 3 and impaired endogenous MAPK/ErK signaling. MAPK/ErK signaling was not stimulated by adding recombinant FGF2 to myeloma cells overexpressing MPS-1. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that MPS-1 suppresses CAG growth and that weakened FGF2 signaling may contribute to this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuemeng Dai
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, USA
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Gao X, Hardwidge PR. Ribosomal protein s3: a multifunctional target of attaching/effacing bacterial pathogens. Front Microbiol 2011; 2:137. [PMID: 21738525 PMCID: PMC3125523 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2011.00137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2011] [Accepted: 06/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The extraribosomal functions of ribosomal proteins have drawn significant recent attention. Ribosomal protein S3 (RPS3), a component of the eukaryotic 40S ribosomal subunit, is a multifunctional protein that regulates DNA repair, apoptosis, and the innate immune response to bacterial infection. Here we the review the latest findings about RPS3 extraribosomal functions, with special emphasis on their relation to microbial pathogenesis and enteropathogenic Escherichia coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Gao
- Department of Microbiology, Molecular Genetics and Immunology, University of Kansas Medical Center Kansas City, KS, USA
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Cloning and characterization of ribosomal protein S29, a deltamethrin resistance associated gene from Culex pipiens pallens. Parasitol Res 2011; 109:1689-97. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-011-2443-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2011] [Accepted: 04/29/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Singh M, Singh N. Curcumin counteracts the proliferative effect of estradiol and induces apoptosis in cervical cancer cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2010; 347:1-11. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-010-0606-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2010] [Accepted: 09/28/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Ortuño-Sahagún D, Rivera-Cervantes MC, Gudiño-Cabrera G, Junyent F, Verdaguer E, Auladell C, Pallàs M, Camins A, Beas-Zárate C. Microarray analysis of rat hippocampus exposed to excitotoxicity: reversal Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchanger NCX3 is overexpressed in glial cells. Hippocampus 2010; 22:128-40. [PMID: 20928830 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.20869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/02/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Multiple factors are involved in the glutamate-induced excitotoxicity phenomenon, such as overload of ionotropic and metabotropic receptors, excess Ca(2+) influx, nitric oxide synthase activation, oxidative damage due to increase in free radicals, and release of endogenous polyamine, among others. In order to attempt a more integrated approach to address this issue, we established, by microarray analysis, the hippocampus gene expression profiles under glutamate-induced excitotoxicity conditions. Increased gene expression is mainly related to excitotoxicity (CaMKII, glypican 2, GFAP, NCX3, IL-2, and Gmeb2) or with cell damage response (dynactin and Ecel1). Several genes that augmented their expression are related to glutamatergic system modulation, in particular with NMDA receptor modulation and calcium homeostasis (IL-2, CaMKII, acrosin, Gmeb2, hAChE, Slc83a, and SP1 factor). Conversely, among genes that diminished their expression, we found the Syngap 1, which is downregulated by CaMKII, and the MHC II, which is downregulated by glutamate. Changes observed in gene expression induced by monosodium glutamate (MSG) neonatal treatment in the hippocampus are consistent with the activation of the mechanisms that modulate NMDA receptor function as well as with the implementation of plastic response to cell damage and intracellular calcium homeostasis. Regarding this aspect, we report here that NCX3/Slc8a3, a Na(+)/Ca(2+) membrane exchanger, is highly expressed in astrocytes, both in vitro and in vivo, in response to glutamate-induced excitotoxicity. Hence, the results of this analysis present a broad view of the expression profile elicited by MSG neonatal treatment, and lead us to suggest the possible molecular pathways of action and reaction involved under this experimental model of excitotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Ortuño-Sahagún
- Laboratorio de Desarrollo y Regeneración Neural, Instituto de Neurobiología, C.U.C.B.A, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
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Dai Y, Pierson SE, Dudney WC, Stack BC. Extraribosomal function of metallopanstimulin-1: reducing paxillin in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and inhibiting tumor growth. Int J Cancer 2010; 126:611-9. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.24791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Singh M, Singh N. Molecular mechanism of curcumin induced cytotoxicity in human cervical carcinoma cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2009; 325:107-19. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-009-0025-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2008] [Accepted: 01/15/2009] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Lindström MS. Emerging functions of ribosomal proteins in gene-specific transcription and translation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2009; 379:167-70. [PMID: 19114035 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2008.12.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2008] [Accepted: 12/17/2008] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Piggott AM, Karuso P. Rapid Identification of a Protein Binding Partner for the Marine Natural Product Kahalalide F by Using Reverse Chemical Proteomics. Chembiochem 2008; 9:524-30. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200700608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Malygin AA, Parakhnevitch NM, Ivanov AV, Eperon IC, Karpova GG. Human ribosomal protein S13 regulates expression of its own gene at the splicing step by a feedback mechanism. Nucleic Acids Res 2007; 35:6414-23. [PMID: 17881366 PMCID: PMC2095825 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkm701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2006] [Revised: 08/22/2007] [Accepted: 08/22/2007] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The expression of ribosomal protein (rp) genes is regulated at multiple levels. In yeast, two genes are autoregulated by feedback effects of the protein on pre-mRNA splicing. Here, we have investigated whether similar mechanisms occur in eukaryotes with more complicated and highly regulated splicing patterns. Comparisons of the sequences of ribosomal protein S13 gene (RPS13) among mammals and birds revealed that intron 1 is more conserved than the other introns. Transfection of HEK 293 cells with a minigene-expressing ribosomal protein S13 showed that the presence of intron 1 reduced expression by a factor of four. Ribosomal protein S13 was found to inhibit excision of intron 1 from rpS13 pre-mRNA fragment in vitro. This protein was shown to be able to specifically bind the fragment and to confer protection against ribonuclease cleavage at sequences near the 5' and 3' splice sites. The results suggest that overproduction of rpS13 in mammalian cells interferes with splicing of its own pre-mRNA by a feedback mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey A. Malygin
- Institute for Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia and Biochemistry Department, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Natalia M. Parakhnevitch
- Institute for Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia and Biochemistry Department, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Anton V. Ivanov
- Institute for Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia and Biochemistry Department, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Ian C. Eperon
- Institute for Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia and Biochemistry Department, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Galina G. Karpova
- Institute for Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia and Biochemistry Department, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
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Identification of genes differentially expressed during larval molting and metamorphosis of Helicoverpa armigera. BMC DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2007; 7:73. [PMID: 17588272 PMCID: PMC1925068 DOI: 10.1186/1471-213x-7-73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2006] [Accepted: 06/25/2007] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Larval molting and metamorphosis are important physiological processes in the life cycle of the holometabolous insect. We used suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) to identify genes differentially expressed during larval molting and metamorphosis. RESULTS We performed SSH between tissues from a variety of developmental stages, including molting 5th and feeding 6th instar larvae, metamorphically committed and feeding 5th instar larvae, and feeding 5th instar and metamorphically committed larvae. One hundred expressed sequence tags (ESTs) were identified and included 73 putative genes with similarity to known genes, and 27 unknown ESTs. SSH results were further characterized by dot blot, Northern blot, and RT-PCR. The expression levels of eleven genes were found to change during larval molting or metamorphosis, suggesting a functional role during these processes. CONCLUSION These results provide a new set of genes expressed specifically during larval molt or metamorphosis that are candidates for further studies into the regulatory mechanisms of those stage-specific genes during larval molt and metamorphosis.
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Parakhnevitch NM, Ivanov AV, Malygin AA, Karpova GG. Human ribosomal protein S13 inhibits splicing of its own pre-mRNA. Mol Biol 2007. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893307010074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Sung JH, Lee ME, Han SS, Lee SJ, Ha KS, Kim WJ. Gene Expression Profile of Lung Cancer Cells Following Photodynamic Therapy. Tuberc Respir Dis (Seoul) 2007. [DOI: 10.4046/trd.2007.63.1.52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hyun Sung
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, Korea
| | - Mi-Eun Lee
- Clinical Research Institute of Kangwon National University Hospital, Korea
| | - Seon-Sook Han
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, Korea
| | - Seung-Joon Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, Korea
| | - Kwon-Soo Ha
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, Korea
| | - Woo Jin Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, Korea
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Ivanov AV, Malygin AA, Karpova GG. Eukaryotic ribosomal proteins: Interactions with their own pre-mRNAs and their involvement in splicing regulation. Mol Biol 2006. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893306040091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Wang H, Zhao LN, Li KZ, Ling R, Li XJ, Wang L. Overexpression of ribosomal protein L15 is associated with cell proliferation in gastric cancer. BMC Cancer 2006; 6:91. [PMID: 16608517 PMCID: PMC1459873 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-6-91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2006] [Accepted: 04/11/2006] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ribosomal proteins are the components of ribosome, which also exhibit various secondary functions in DNA repair, apoptosis, drug resistance and proliferation. In our previous study of microarray, ribosomal protein L15 (RPL15) was identified as an upregulated gene in gastric cancer. Methods We investigated the expression of ribosomal protein L15 in gastric cancer and the effect of RPL15 on proliferation of gastric cancer. Results It was found that the expression of RPL15 was markedly up-regulated in gastric cancer tissues. RPL15 was also highly expressed in gastric cancer cell lines AGS, MKN45, MKN28, SGC7901 and KATOIII. Inhibition of RPL15 expression by siRNA vector transfection suppressed the growth of SGC7901 cells significantly, which was independent of the expression of Cyclin D1 and B1. Down-regulation of RPL15 expression inhibited SGC7901 cell growth in soft agar and its tumorigenicity in nude mice. Conclusion RPL15 promotes cell proliferation and may be a potential target for anticancer therapy of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Department of Vascular and Endocrine Surgery, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, 17 Changle Western Road, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Li-Na Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology & Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, 17 Changle Western Road, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Kai-Zong Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, 17 Changle Western Road, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Rui Ling
- Department of Vascular and Endocrine Surgery, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, 17 Changle Western Road, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Li
- Department of Vascular and Endocrine Surgery, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, 17 Changle Western Road, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Ling Wang
- Department of Vascular and Endocrine Surgery, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, 17 Changle Western Road, Xi'an 710032, China
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Taulan M, Paquet F, Argiles A, Demaille J, Romey MC. Comprehensive analysis of the renal transcriptional response to acute uranyl nitrate exposure. BMC Genomics 2006; 7:2. [PMID: 16405725 PMCID: PMC1363347 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-7-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2005] [Accepted: 01/11/2006] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Chemical and radiological toxicities related to uranium acute exposure have been widely studied in nuclear fuel workers and military personnel. It is well known that uranyl nitrate induces acute renal failure (ARF). However, the mechanisms of this metal-induced injury are not well defined at the molecular level. Results Renal function and histology were assessed in mice receiving uranyl nitrate (UN(+)) and controls (UN(-)). To identify the genomic response to uranium exposure, serial analysis gene expression (SAGE) of the kidney was performed in both groups. Over 43,000 mRNA SAGE tags were sequenced. A selection of the differentially expressed transcripts was confirmed by real-time quantitative PCR and Western blotting. UN(+) animals developed renal failure and displayed the characteristic histological lesions of UN nephropathy. Of the >14,500 unique tags identified in both libraries, 224 had a modified expression level; they are known to participate in inflammation, ion transport, signal transduction, oxidative stress, apoptosis, metabolism, and catabolism. Several genes that were identified had not previously been evaluated within the context of toxic ARF such as translationally controlled tumor protein, insulin like growth factor binding protein 7 and ribosomal protein S29, all apoptosis related genes. Conclusion We report a comprehensive description of the UN induced modifications in gene expression levels, including the identification of genes previously unrelated to ARF. The study of these genes and the metabolisms they control should improve our understanding of toxic ARF and enlighten on the molecular targets for potential therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magali Taulan
- Laboratoire de radiotoxicologie expérimentale, Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, Site du Tricastin, BP 166 26702 Pierrelatte Cedex, France
- Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, UPR 1142, Institut de Génétique Humaine, 141 Route de la Cardonille, 34396 Montpellier Cedex 05, France
| | - Francois Paquet
- Laboratoire de radiotoxicologie expérimentale, Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, Site du Tricastin, BP 166 26702 Pierrelatte Cedex, France
| | - Angel Argiles
- Laboratoire de Génomique Fonctionnelle, UPR 2580, Institut de Génétique Humaine, 141 rue de la Cardonille, 34396 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Jacques Demaille
- Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, UPR 1142, Institut de Génétique Humaine, 141 Route de la Cardonille, 34396 Montpellier Cedex 05, France
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Kim MJ, Yoo YA, Kim HJ, Kang S, Kim YG, Kim JS, Yoo YD. Mitochondrial ribosomal protein L41 mediates serum starvation-induced cell-cycle arrest through an increase of p21(WAF1/CIP1). Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2005; 338:1179-84. [PMID: 16256947 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.10.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2005] [Accepted: 10/12/2005] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ribosomal proteins not only act as components of the translation apparatus but also regulate cell proliferation and apoptosis. A previous study reported that MRPL41 plays an important role in p53-dependent apoptosis. It also showed that MRPL41 arrests the cell cycle by stabilizing p27(Kip1) in the absence of p53. This study found that MRPL41 mediates the p21(WAF1/CIP1)-mediated G1 arrest in response to serum starvation. The cells were released from serum starvation-induced G1 arrest via the siRNA-mediated blocking of MRPL41 expression. Overall, these results suggest that MRPL41 arrests the cell cycle by increasing the p21(WAF1/CIP1) and p27(Kip1) levels under the growth inhibitory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Jin Kim
- Graduate School of Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 136-705, Republic of Korea
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Li Z, Stanelle J, Leurs C, Hanenberg H, Pützer BM. Selection of novel mediators of E2F1-induced apoptosis through retroviral expression of an antisense cDNA library. Nucleic Acids Res 2005; 33:2813-21. [PMID: 15897325 PMCID: PMC1129028 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gki581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The E2F1 transcription factor is an essential mediator of p53-dependent and p53-independent apoptosis as part of an anti-tumour safeguard mechanism. In this study, a functional so-called technical knockout (TKO) approach was applied to Saos-2ERE2F1 cells that conditionally activate E2F1 by the addition of 4-hydroxytamoxifen to search for p53-independent pro-apoptotic E2F1 targets. The approach was based on random inactivation of genes after retroviral transfer of an antisense cDNA library enriched of E2F1-induced genes, followed by the selection of Saos-2ERE2F1 cells that survive in the presence of the apoptotic stimulus. We identified 13 novel E2F1 target genes encoding proteins of known cellular function, including apoptosis and RNA binding. FACS analysis revealed that E2F1-induced apoptosis was significantly attenuated in cell clones containing the antisense cDNA fragments of these genes, demonstrating their participation in E2F1 death pathways. Moreover, inactivation of the target genes resulted in a clear increase of cell viability (>80%) in response to E2F1 activation compared with controls (∼30%). Four genes showed an increase in expression intensity in the presence of cycloheximide, suggesting a direct effect of E2F1 on gene transcription, whereas one gene was identified as an indirect target. Our data provide new insight in the regulation of E2F1-induced apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - C. Leurs
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology, Children's Hospital, Heinrich Heine University Medical CenterMoorenstr. 5, 40225 Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - H. Hanenberg
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology, Children's Hospital, Heinrich Heine University Medical CenterMoorenstr. 5, 40225 Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - B. M. Pützer
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +49 381 4945066; Fax: +49 381 4945062;
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Fennell DA. Caspase Regulation in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer and its Potential for Therapeutic Exploitation. Clin Cancer Res 2005; 11:2097-105. [PMID: 15788654 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-04-1482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC, stages IIIB/IV) is one of the most common and rapidly lethal causes of cancer related mortality worldwide. Efficacy of chemotherapy, the mainstay of treatment, is limited due to resistance in the vast majority of patients. NSCLC cells exhibit intrinsic apoptosis resistance. Understanding the molecular basis of this phenotype is critical, if therapy is to move beyond the therapeutic plateau that has been reached with conventional chemotherapy. Caspases occupy a pivotal position in the final common pathway of apoptosis. Increasing evidence suggests that these proteases are constitutively inhibited in NSCLC. This review discusses current knowledge relating to caspase regulation in NSCLC and highlights novel strategies for reversing the apoptosis resistant phenotype, with potential to accelerate development of effective therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dean A Fennell
- Thoracic Oncology Research Group, Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Oncology, Belfast City Hospital, Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7AB, Northern Ireland.
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Wang ZW, Zhou JM, Huang ZS, Yang AP, Liu ZC, Xia YF, Zeng YX, Zhu XF. Aloe polysaccharides mediated radioprotective effect through the inhibition of apoptosis. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2004; 45:447-454. [PMID: 15613791 DOI: 10.1269/jrr.45.447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Polysaccharides from aloe are always considered an effective radioprotector on irradiation-induced skin damage. The aim of this study was to determine if aloe polysaccharides (AP) have radioprotective effects on normal human cells in vitro and mouse survival in vivo and to explore the mechanism. Pretreatment with 50 microg/ml AP could improve the surviving fraction at 2 Gy (SF2) of three normal cell lines 293, ECV304, and C. liver from 41.5%, 46.5%, and 40.9% to 49.4%, 72.1%, and 89.1%, respectively. AP could also reduce the apoptotic rate of C. liver cells from 9.5% and 43.0% to 2.2% and 10.9% 48 h and 72 h after 2 Gy irradiation, respectively. Western blot analysis showed that pretreatment with AP could block the upregulation of pro-apoptotic p53, Bax, and Bad and the downregulation of Bcl-2 by irradiation. AP could lower thymocyte apoptosis of mice in vivo after 6 Gy irradiation and abrogate the cell cycle perturbation. Fifty mg/kg of AP treatment for 30 min before 7.5 Gy irradiation provided the best radioprotective effect and improved the 30-day survival rate of mice to 86.0%, from 10.0%. AP exerted radioprotective effects in vitro and in vivo through an inhibition of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zong-Wei Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou, P. R. China
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Khanna N, Jayaram HN, Singh N. Benzamide riboside induced mitochondrial mediated apoptosis in human lung cancer H520 cells. Life Sci 2004; 75:179-90. [PMID: 15120570 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2003.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2003] [Accepted: 11/21/2003] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Benzamide riboside (BR) is a novel anticancer agent exhibiting pronounced activity against several human tumor cell lines via the inhibition of inosine 5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH), thereby restricting the biosynthesis of guanylates. Although it has been demonstrated that BR inhibits IMPDH and induces apoptosis, however, not much attention has been directed to the mechanism of apoptosis induction by this compound. The purpose of the present investigation was to investigate the mechanism of cytotoxicity induced by BR in human lung cancer cells. Non-small cell lung cancer [NSCLC] is the most prevalent type of lung cancer especially in India, and displays resistance to anticancer treatment. The results reveal that BR at a dose of 50 microM induces apoptosis in NSCLC H520 cells. This was ascertained by alteration in cellular morphology, TUNEL assay and flow cytometry. While Bax protein level was unaffected there was down regulation of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein and up regulation of p53 as observed by Western blotting. Induction of apoptosis was accompanied by significant increase in caspase-3 activity. BR is a potent growth inhibitory pro-drug rationally synthesized to mimic NAD and inhibits PARP at high concentrations when assayed in permeabilized leukemic cells. Our observations showed that increased caspase-3 activity was accompanied by PARP cleavage. We also observed release of cytochrome c from mitochondria to the cytosol whereas no change was seen in the levels of apoptosis inducing factor (AIF). These findings indicate that BR induces apoptosis in H520 cells via the intrinsic mitochondrial pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeru Khanna
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Room No 3027-Ansari Nagar, New Delhi-110029, India
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