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Gong H, Zhao N, Zhu C, Luo L, Liu S. Treatment of gastric ulcer, traditional Chinese medicine may be a better choice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 324:117793. [PMID: 38278376 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.117793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Gastric ulcer (GU) is the injury of the gastric mucosa caused by the stimulation of various pathogenic factors penetrating the deep mucosal muscle layer. An increasing number of studies have shown that traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is highly effective in treating GU due to its multitarget, multilevel, and multi-pathway effects. AIM OF THE STUDY To review the latest research progress in the treatment of GU by TCM, including clinical and experimental studies, focusing on the target and mechanism of action of drugs and providing a theoretical basis for the treatment of GU by natural herbs. MATERIALS AND METHODS Electronic databases (PubMed, Elsevier, Springer, Web of Science, and CNKI) were searched using the keywords "gastric ulcer", "gastric mucosal lesion", "TCM" and or paired with "peptic ulcer" and "natural drugs" for studies published in the last fifteen years until 2023. RESULTS TCM, including single components of natural products, Chinese patent medicines (CPM), and TCM decoction, is expected to treat GU by regulating various mechanisms, such as redox balance, inflammatory factors, angiogenesis, gastric mucosal protective factors, intestinal flora, apoptosis, and autophagy. CONCLUSIONS We discussed and summarized the mechanism of TCM in the treatment of GU, which provided a sufficient basis for TCM treatment of GU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiying Gong
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Gastroenterology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Ning Zhao
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Conglei Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, Fuyang People's Hospital, Fuyang, Anhui, China
| | - Lin Luo
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Sen Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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Wang S, Wang J, Zhang J, Wu X, Guo Q, Wang Y, Tao L, Shen X, Chen Y. Chitosan-based food-grade Pickering emulsion loading with Rosa roxburghii extract against precancerous lesions of gastric carcinoma. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 258:128093. [PMID: 37981272 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Precancerous lesions of gastric carcinoma (PLGC) are the most important stage in the development of gastric cancer, accompanied by significant oxidative stress and inflammatory response. Rosa roxburghii extract (RRE) has unique advantages in anti-PLGC due to its multi-component, high antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. However, the astringency and instability of RRE in the digestive tract seriously hinder its clinical application. Herein, we report a chitosan-based food-grade Pickering emulsion (PE) for loading RRE to block unpleasant taste, improve stability, and promote the entry of RRE into gastric epithelial cells through the gastric adhesion of chitosan, thereby enhancing preventive and therapeutic effects against PLGC. This Pickering emulsion is constructed as a water-in-oil (W/O) emulsion stabilized by the food-grade nanoparticles composed of soybean protein isolate (SPI) and chitosan (CS) through electrostatic interaction (defined as RRE@PE). The experimental results showed that RRE@PE performed better efficacy against PLGC than RRE by scavenging or inhibiting reactive oxygen species generation and reducing inflammatory cytokines. This Pickering emulsion enhances the application potential of RRE and is expected to be used for the treatment of clinical patients with PLGC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibu Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants & School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guian New District, Guiyang 550025, China; The Department of Pharmacology of Materia Medical (the High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province, the Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources), Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guian New District, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Junyu Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants & School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guian New District, Guiyang 550025, China; The Department of Pharmacology of Materia Medical (the High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province, the Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources), Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guian New District, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants & School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guian New District, Guiyang 550025, China; The Department of Pharmacology of Materia Medical (the High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province, the Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources), Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guian New District, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xingjie Wu
- The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants & School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guian New District, Guiyang 550025, China; The Department of Pharmacology of Materia Medical (the High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province, the Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources), Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guian New District, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Qianqian Guo
- The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants & School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guian New District, Guiyang 550025, China; The Department of Pharmacology of Materia Medical (the High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province, the Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources), Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guian New District, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yu'e Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants & School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guian New District, Guiyang 550025, China; The Department of Pharmacology of Materia Medical (the High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province, the Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources), Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guian New District, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Ling Tao
- The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants & School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guian New District, Guiyang 550025, China; The Department of Pharmacology of Materia Medical (the High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province, the Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources), Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guian New District, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Xiangchun Shen
- The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants & School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guian New District, Guiyang 550025, China; The Department of Pharmacology of Materia Medical (the High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province, the Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources), Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guian New District, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Ying Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants & School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guian New District, Guiyang 550025, China; The Department of Pharmacology of Materia Medical (the High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province, the Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources), Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guian New District, Guiyang 550025, China.
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Abdel-Gawad DRI, Ibrahim MA, Moawad UK, Kamel S, El-Banna HA, El-Banna AH, Hassan WH, El-Ela FIA. Effectiveness of natural biomaterials in the protection and healing of experimentally induced gastric mucosa Ulcer in rats. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:9085-9098. [PMID: 37741810 PMCID: PMC10635934 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08776-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A gastric ulcer is a painful lesion of the gastric mucosa that can be debilitating or even fatal. The effectiveness of several plant extracts in the therapy of this illness has been demonstrated in traditional pharmacopoeias. AIM this study was aimed to see if propolis, ginseng in normal or nano form, and amygdalin might help in preventing the ulcerative effects of absolute ethanol. METHODS Gastroprotective properties of pretreatments before ethanol gavage in rats were compared to omeprazole. The ulcer and stomach parameters (ulcerated regions) were measured (mm2), ulcer inhibition percentage, the stomachs were assessed macroscopically with gastric biopsy histological examinations. RESULTS Amygdalin, normal and nano ginseng, nano propolis followed by propolis all showed great efficacy in protecting the cyto-architecture and function of the gastric mucosa. The number of ulcerated sites was greatly reduced, and the percentage of stomach protection was increased. Histopathological examination had confirmed great protective effects of the nanoformulations followed by amygdalin. The protection and healing rate was completed to about 100% in all tested materials while ulcer areas were still partially unhealed in normal propolis and omeprazole. Quantitative assay of the m-RNA levels Enothelin 1(ET-1), leukotriene4 (LT-4), and caspase 3(Cas-3) genes and Histamine were done and revealed significant up-regulations in ethanol group and the maximum protective effect was reported with ginseng nano, moreover the histamine content was significantly decreased with nano- formulated extracts. CONCLUSION Amygdalin and the nanoformulated ginseng and propolis had exhibited a marked protective effect against the ulcerative toxic effects of ethanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doaa R I Abdel-Gawad
- Lecturer of Toxicology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef, Egypt
| | - Marwa A Ibrahim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt.
| | - Usama K Moawad
- Department of Histology and Cytology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Shaimaa Kamel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | | | - Ahmed H El-Banna
- Michael Sayegh Faculty of Pharmacy, Aqaba University of Technology, Aqaba, Jordan
| | - Walid Hamdy Hassan
- Mycology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62511, Egypt
| | - Fatma I Abo El-Ela
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, 62511, Beni-Suef, Egypt
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Occurrences and phenotypes of RIPK3-positive gastric cells in Helicobacter pylori infected gastritis and atrophic lesions. Dig Liver Dis 2022; 54:1342-1349. [PMID: 35514018 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2022.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research evidences suggest that diverse forms of programmed cell death (PCD) are involved in the helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)-induced gastric inflammation and disorders. AIMS To characterize occurrences and phenotypes of necroptosis in gastric cells in H. pylori infected gastritis and atrophic specimens. METHODS Occurrences and phenotypes of necroptosis in gastric cells were immunohistochemically characterized with receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 (RIPK3) antibody in both human H. pylori infected gastric gastritis, atrophic specimens, and transgenic mice. RESULTS Increased populations of RIPK3-positive cells were observed in both gastric glands and lamina propria in H. pylori infected human oxyntic gastritis and atrophic specimens. Phenotypic analysis revealed that many RIPK3-positive cells were H + K+ ATPase-positive parietal cells in the gastric glands and were predominantly CD3-positive T lymphocytes, CD68-positive macrophages, and SMA-alpha-positive stromal cells in the lamina propria. Furthermore, we found an increased expression of RIPK3-positive gastric glandular cells along with the histological process of hyperplasia-atrophy-dysplasia progression in hypergastrinemic INS-GAS mice. CONCLUSIONS An increased population of RIPK3-positive cells was observed in several types of gastric cells, future studies that define the effects and mechanisms of PCD implicated in the development of H. pylori induced gastric disorders are needed.
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Yang H, Hu B. Immunological Perspective: Helicobacter pylori Infection and Gastritis. Mediators Inflamm 2022; 2022:2944156. [PMID: 35300405 PMCID: PMC8923794 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2944156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is a spiral-shaped gram-negative bacterium. Its infection is mainly transmitted via oral-oral and fecal-oral routes usually during early childhood. It can achieve persistent colonization by manipulating the host immune responses, which also causes mucosal damage and inflammation. H. pylori gastritis is an infectious disease and results in chronic gastritis of different severity in near all patients with infection. It may develop from acute/chronic inflammation, chronic atrophic gastritis, intestinal metaplasia, dysplasia, and intraepithelial neoplasia, eventually to gastric cancer. This review attempts to cover recent studies which provide important insights into how H. pylori causes chronic inflammation and what the characteristic is, which will immunologically explain H. pylori gastritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Bing Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Xu W, Li B, Xu M, Yang T, Hao X. Traditional Chinese medicine for precancerous lesions of gastric cancer: A review. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 146:112542. [PMID: 34929576 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is the fifth most common type of cancer and the third leading cause of death due to cancer worldwide. The gastric mucosa often undergoes many years of precancerous lesions of gastric cancer (PLGC) stages before progressing to gastric malignancy. Unfortunately, there are no effective Western drugs for patients with PLGC. In recent years, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been proven effective in treating PLGC. Classical TCM formulas and chemical components isolated from some Chinese herbal medicines have been administered to treat PLGC, and the main advantage is their comprehensive intervention with multiple approaches and multiple targets. In this review, we focus on recent studies using TCM treatment for PLGC, including clinical observations and experimental research, with a focus on targets and mechanisms of drugs. This review provides some ideas and a theoretical basis for applying TCM to treat PLGC and prevent GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weichao Xu
- Hebei Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050011, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Gastroenterology, Shijiazhuang 050011, China
| | - Bolin Li
- Hebei Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050011, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Gastroenterology, Shijiazhuang 050011, China
| | - Miaochan Xu
- Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China
| | - Tianxiao Yang
- Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China
| | - Xinyu Hao
- Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China.
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The expression of RIPK3 is associated with cell turnover of gastric mucosa in the mouse and human stomach. J Mol Histol 2021; 52:849-857. [PMID: 34173165 PMCID: PMC8324621 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-021-10001-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Necroptosis is a novel manner of programmed cell death and important for tissue development, homeostasis, damage, and repair. Activation of receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 (RIPK3), a key member of receptor-interacting protein family in contributing significantly to necroptosis, in tissues is a hallmark of cells dying by necroptosis. However, there are few studies that examine the expression of RIPK3 in the glandular cells of stomachs under physiological condition. We have therefore conducted this study to immunohistochemically characterize the key element of necroptosis, RIPK3, in the mouse and human stomach. Results showed that RIPK3 positive cells could be observed in the surface mucosal cells, granular cells, and lamina propria cells in both mouse and human stomach tissues. Ratios of PCNA/RIPK3 positive cells in the glandular cells were ~ 2.1 in mouse and ~ 4.15 in human sections respectively. Morphological and double immunofluorescence analysis confirmed that these RIPK3 positive cells were mucous, parietal and lamina propria cells. Our results indicate that the expression of RIPK3 in different cell types might contribute to cell turnover of gastric mucosa in the mouse and human stomach under physiological condition.
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Walker GT, Yang G, Tsai JY, Rodriguez JL, English BC, Faber F, Souvannaseng L, Butler BP, Tsolis RM. Malaria parasite infection compromises colonization resistance to an enteric pathogen by reducing gastric acidity. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabd6232. [PMID: 34193410 PMCID: PMC8245046 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abd6232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Malaria parasite infection weakens colonization resistance against Salmonella enterica serovar (S.) Typhimurium. S. Typhimurium is a member of the Enterobacterales, a taxon that increases in abundance when the colonic microbiota is disrupted or when the colonic mucosa is inflamed. However, here, we show that infection of mice with Plasmodium yoelii enhances S. Typhimurium colonization by weakening host control in the upper GI tract. P. yoelii-infected mice had elevated gastric pH. Stimulation of gastric acid secretion during P. yoelii infection restored stomach acidity and colonization resistance, demonstrating that parasite-induced hypochlorhydria increases gastric survival of S. Typhimurium. Furthermore, blockade of P. yoelii-induced TNF-α signaling was sufficient to prevent elevation of gastric pH and enhance S. Typhimurium colonization during concurrent infection. Collectively, these data suggest that abundance in the fecal microbiota of facultative anaerobes, such as S. Typhimurium, can be increased by suppressing antibacterial defenses in the upper GI tract, such as gastric acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory T Walker
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Guiyan Yang
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Julia Y Tsai
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Jorge L Rodriguez
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Bevin C English
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Franziska Faber
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Institute for Molecular Infection Biology (IMIB), Faculty of Medicine, University of Würzburg, D-97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Lattha Souvannaseng
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Mouse Biology Program, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, St. George's University, Grenada, West Indies
| | - Brian P Butler
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, St. George's University, Grenada, West Indies
| | - Renée M Tsolis
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
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Júnior MF, Batista SDA, Barbuto RC, Gomes AD, Queiroz DMM, Araújo ID, Caliari MV. CagA-positive Helicobacter pylori strain containing three EPIYA C phosphorylation sites produces increase of G cell and decrease of D cell in experimentally infected gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus). Adv Med Sci 2016; 61:231-236. [PMID: 26946164 DOI: 10.1016/j.advms.2016.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Revised: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Human infection by Helicobacter pylori is associated with an increase in the number of gastrin-producing G cells and a concomitant decrease of somatostatin-producing D cells. However, to our knowledge, changes in G and D cell numbers in response to infection with H. pylori CagA-positive strains containing different number of EPIYA-C phosphorylation sites have not been analyzed to date. Therefore, the aim of this study was to perform a quantitative analysis of the number of G and D cells in Mongolian gerbils challenged with H. pylori strains with different numbers of EPIYA-C motifs. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mongolian gerbils were inoculated with isogenic H. pylori strains containing one to three phosphorylation sites. Mucosal fragments were evaluated by morphometry and immunohistochemistry using primary polyclonal rabbit anti-gastrin and anti-somatostatin antibodies. Positive cells were counted using an image analyzer. RESULTS Forty-five days after infection, there was a decrease in the number of D cells and an increase in the G/D cell ratio in the group with three EPIYA-C. Six months after infection, there was a progressive and significant increase in the number of G cells and in the G/D cell ratio, with a concomitant decrease in the number of D cells, especially in the three EPIYA-C group. CONCLUSIONS CagA-positive H. pylori strains containing a large number of EPIYA-C phosphorylation sites induce a decrease in D cell number and an increase in G cell number and G/D ratio, which were correlated with the number of inflammatory cells of the lamina propria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moacir Ferreira Júnior
- Department of General Pathology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Sérgio de Assis Batista
- Laboratory of Research in Bacteriology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rafael Calvão Barbuto
- Surgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Adriana Dias Gomes
- Laboratory of Research in Bacteriology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Dulciene Maria Magalhães Queiroz
- Laboratory of Research in Bacteriology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ivana Duval Araújo
- Surgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Vidigal Caliari
- Department of General Pathology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Ding L, Hayes MM, Photenhauer A, Eaton KA, Li Q, Ocadiz-Ruiz R, Merchant JL. Schlafen 4-expressing myeloid-derived suppressor cells are induced during murine gastric metaplasia. J Clin Invest 2016; 126:2867-80. [PMID: 27427984 DOI: 10.1172/jci82529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic Helicobacter pylori infection triggers neoplastic transformation of the gastric mucosa in a small subset of patients, but the risk factors that induce progression to gastric metaplasia have not been identified. Prior to cancer development, the oxyntic gastric glands atrophy and are replaced by metaplastic cells in response to chronic gastritis. Previously, we identified schlafen 4 (Slfn4) as a GLI1 target gene and myeloid differentiation factor that correlates with spasmolytic polypeptide-expressing metaplasia (SPEM) in mice. Here, we tested the hypothesis that migration of SLFN4-expressing cells from the bone marrow to peripheral organs predicts preneoplastic changes in the gastric microenvironment. Lineage tracing in Helicobacter-infected Slfn4 reporter mice revealed that SLFN4+ cells migrated to the stomach, where they exhibited myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC) markers and acquired the ability to inhibit T cell proliferation. SLFN4+ MDSCs were not observed in infected GLI1-deficient mice. Overexpression of sonic hedgehog ligand (SHH) in infected WT mice accelerated the appearance of SLFN4+ MDSCs in the gastric corpus. Similarly, in the stomachs of H. pylori-infected patients, the human SLFN4 ortholog SLFN12L colocalized to cells that expressed MDSC surface markers CD15+CD33+HLA-DRlo. Together, these results indicate that SLFN4 marks a GLI1-dependent population of MDSCs that predict a shift in the gastric mucosa to a metaplastic phenotype.
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Salem Sokar S, Elsayed Elsayad M, Sabri Ali H. Serotonin and histamine mediate gastroprotective effect of fluoxetine against experimentally-induced ulcers in rats. J Immunotoxicol 2016; 13:638-51. [PMID: 27000965 DOI: 10.3109/1547691x.2016.1145158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Research in the treatment of gastric ulcer has involved the investigation of new alternatives, such as anti-depressant drugs. The present study was designed to investigate the gastroprotective effects of fluoxetine against indomethacin and alcohol induced gastric ulcers in rats and the potential mechanisms of that effect. Fluoxetine (20 mg/kg) was administered IP for 14 days. For comparative purposes, other rats were treated with ranitidine (30 mg/kg). Thereafter, after 24 h of fasting, INDO (100 mg/kg) or absolute alcohol (5 ml/kg) was administered to all rats (saline was administered to naïve controls) and rats in each group were sacrificed 5 h (for INDO rats) or 1 h (for alcohol rats) later. Macroscopic examination revealed that both fluoxetine and ranitidine decreased ulcer scores in variable ratios, which was supported by microscopic histopathological examination. Biochemical analysis of fluoxetine- or ranitidine-pre-treated host tissues demonstrated reductions in tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and myeloperoxidase (MPO) levels and concomitant increases in gastric pH, nitric oxide (NO) and reduced glutathione (GSH) contents. Fluoxetine, more than ranitidine, also resulted in serotonin and histamine levels nearest to control values. Moreover, immuno-histochemical analysis showed that fluoxetine markedly enhanced expression of cyclo-oxygenases COX-1 and COX-2 in both models; in comparison, ranitidine did not affect COX-1 expression in either ulcer model but caused moderate increases in COX-2 expression in INDO-induced hosts and high expression in alcohol-induced hosts. The results here indicated fluoxetine exhibited better gastroprotective effects than ranitidine and this could be due to anti-secretory, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-histaminic effects of the drug, as well as a stabilization of gastric serotonin levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samia Salem Sokar
- a Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy , Tanta University , Egypt
| | - Mageda Elsayed Elsayad
- a Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy , Tanta University , Egypt
| | - Hend Sabri Ali
- a Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy , Tanta University , Egypt
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Ferreira Júnior M, Batista SA, Vidigal PVT, Cordeiro AAC, Oliveira FMS, Prata LO, Diniz AET, Barral CM, Barbuto RC, Gomes AD, Araújo ID, Queiroz DMM, Caliari MV. Infection with CagA-positive Helicobacter pylori strain containing three EPIYA C phosphorylation sites is associated with more severe gastric lesions in experimentally infected Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus). Eur J Histochem 2015; 59:2489. [PMID: 26150158 PMCID: PMC4503971 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2015.2489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Revised: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Infection with Helicobacter pylori strains containing high number of EPIYA-C phosphorylation sites in the CagA is associated with significant gastritis and increased risk of developing pre-malignant gastric lesions and gastric carcinoma. However, these findings have not been reproduced in animal models yet. Therefore, we investigated the effect on the gastric mucosa of Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus) infected with CagA-positive H. pylori strains exhibiting one or three EPIYA-C phosphorilation sites. Mongolian gerbils were inoculated with H. pylori clonal isolates containing one or three EPIYA-C phosphorylation sites. Control group was composed by uninfected animals challenged with Brucella broth alone. Gastric fragments were evaluated by the modified Sydney System and digital morphometry. Clonal relatedness between the isolates was considered by the identical RAPD-PCR profiles and sequencing of five housekeeping genes, vacA i/d region and of oipA. The other virulence markers were present in both isolates (vacA s1i1d1m1, iceA2, and intact dupA). CagA of both isolates was translocated and phosphorylated in AGS cells. After 45 days of infection, there was a significant increase in the number of inflammatory cells and in the area of the lamina propria in the infected animals, notably in those infected by the CagA-positive strain with three EPIYA-C phosphorylation sites. After six months of infection, a high number of EPIYA-C phosphorylation sites was associated with progressive increase in the intensity of gastritis and in the area of the lamina propria. Atrophy, intestinal metaplasia, and dysplasia were also observed more frequently in animals infected with the CagA-positive isolate with three EPIYA-C sites. We conclude that infection with H. pylori strain carrying a high number of CagA EPIYA-C phosphorylation sites is associated with more severe gastric lesions in an animal model of H. pylori infection.
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Semper RP, Mejías-Luque R, Groß C, Anderl F, Müller A, Vieth M, Busch DH, Prazeres da Costa C, Ruland J, Groß O, Gerhard M. Helicobacter pylori-induced IL-1β secretion in innate immune cells is regulated by the NLRP3 inflammasome and requires the cag pathogenicity island. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 193:3566-76. [PMID: 25172489 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1400362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Infection with the gram-negative bacterium Helicobacter pylori is the most prevalent chronic bacterial infection, affecting ∼50% of the world's population, and is the main risk factor of gastric cancer. The proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β plays a crucial role in the development of gastric tumors and polymorphisms in the IL-1 gene cluster leading to increased IL-1β production have been associated with increased risk for gastric cancer. To be active, pro-IL-1β must be cleaved by the inflammasome, an intracellular multiprotein complex implicated in physiological and pathological inflammation. Recently, H. pylori was postulated to activate the inflammasome in murine bone marrow-derived dendritic cells; however, the molecular mechanisms as well as the bacterial virulence factor acting as signal 2 activating the inflammasome remain elusive. In this study, we analyzed the inflammasome complex regulating IL-1β upon H. pylori infection as well as the molecular mechanisms involved. Our results indicate that H. pylori-induced IL-1β secretion is mediated by activation of the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor family, pyrin domain-containing 3 inflammasome. We also show that reactive oxygen species, potassium efflux, and lysosomal destabilization are the main cellular mechanisms responsible of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain family, pyrin domain-containing 3 inflammasome activation upon H. pylori infection, and identify vacuolating cytotoxin A and cag pathogenicity island as the bacterial virulence determinants involved. Moreover, in vivo experiments indicate an important role for the inflammasome in the onset and establishment of H. pylori infection and in the subsequent inflammatory response of the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphaela P Semper
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Raquel Mejías-Luque
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Christina Groß
- Institut für Klinische Chemie und Pathobiochemie, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Florian Anderl
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Anne Müller
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Vieth
- Institut für Pathologie, Klinikum Bayreuth, 95445 Bayreuth, Germany; and
| | - Dirk H Busch
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research, Partner Site Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Clarissa Prazeres da Costa
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Jürgen Ruland
- Institut für Klinische Chemie und Pathobiochemie, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research, Partner Site Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Olaf Groß
- Institut für Klinische Chemie und Pathobiochemie, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Markus Gerhard
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research, Partner Site Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
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14
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Li M, Wang Y, Gu Y. Quantitative assessment of the influence of tumor necrosis factor alpha polymorphism with gastritis and gastric cancer risk. Tumour Biol 2013; 35:1495-502. [PMID: 24072494 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-013-1206-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFA) is an important molecule in inflammatory, infectious, and tumoral processes. Inflammation is one of the early phases in the development of gastric cancer (GC). Therefore, several studies have examined the association of polymorphism in TNFA with gastritis and GC risk. A functional polymorphism, -308G>A (rs1800629), which is located in the promoter of TNFA gene, has been suggested to alter the production of TNF-α and influence cancer risk. To date, a number of studies have been carried out to investigate the relationship between the polymorphism and gastritis or GC susceptibility, but the results were conflicting. To investigate this inconsistency, we performed a meta-analysis of 36 studies for TNFA -308G>A polymorphism to evaluate the effect of TNFA on genetic susceptibility for gastritis and GC. An overall random-effects per-allele odds ratio of 1.16 (95 % confidence interval 1.04-1.29, P = 0.008) was found for the polymorphism. Significant results were also observed using dominant or recessive genetic models. In the subgroup analyses by ethnicity, significant results were found in Caucasians, whereas no significant associations were found among East Asians and other ethnic populations. No associations between the polymorphism and gastritis were observed. In addition, our data indicate that TNFA is involved in GC susceptibility and confers its effect primarily in diffuse type of tumors. Besides, -308G>A polymorphism was found to be significantly associated with both cardiac and noncardiac tumors. This meta-analysis demonstrated that the TNFA -308G>A polymorphism is a risk factor for developing GC, but the associations vary in different ethnic populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Li
- Department of General Surgery, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 1158 East Gongyuan Road, Shanghai, 201700, People's Republic of China,
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15
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Wiedemann T, Loell E, Mueller S, Stoeckelhuber M, Stolte M, Haas R, Rieder G. Helicobacter pylori cag-Pathogenicity island-dependent early immunological response triggers later precancerous gastric changes in Mongolian gerbils. PLoS One 2009; 4:e4754. [PMID: 19270747 PMCID: PMC2650263 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0004754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2008] [Accepted: 01/14/2009] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Infection with Helicobacter pylori, carrying a functional cag type IV secretion system (cag-T4SS) to inject the Cytotoxin associated antigen (CagA) into gastric cells, is associated with an increased risk for severe gastric diseases in humans. Here we studied the pathomechanism of H. pylori and the role of the cag-pathogenicity island (cag-PAI) for the induction of gastric ulcer and precancerous conditions over time (2-64 weeks) using the Mongolian gerbil model. Animals were challenged with H. pylori B128 (WT), or an isogenic B128DeltacagY mutant-strain that produces CagA, but is unable to translocate it into gastric cells. H. pylori colonization density was quantified in antrum and corpus mucosa separately. Paraffin sections were graded for inflammation and histological changes verified by immunohistochemistry. Physiological and inflammatory markers were quantitated by RIA and RT-PCR, respectively. An early cag-T4SS-dependent inflammation of the corpus mucosa (4-8 weeks) occurred only in WT-infected animals, resulting in a severe active and chronic gastritis with a significant increase of proinflammatory cytokines, mucous gland metaplasia, and atrophy of the parietal cells. At late time points only WT-infected animals developed hypochlorhydria and hypergastrinemia in parallel to gastric ulcers, gastritis cystica profunda, and focal dysplasia. The early cag-PAI-dependent immunological response triggers later physiological and histopathological alterations towards gastric malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Wiedemann
- Max-von-Pettenkofer-Institute for Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
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16
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Epithelial cell expression of BCL-2 family proteins predicts mechanisms that regulate Helicobacter pylori-induced pathology in the mouse stomach. J Transl Med 2008; 88:1227-44. [PMID: 18779780 PMCID: PMC2766781 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2008.84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Corpus-predominant infection with Helicobacter pylori (HP) results in the activation of programmed cell death pathways in surface, parietal, and chief cells. At present, mechanisms that regulate these pathways to result in HP-associated pathology are not fully understood. Because it is not known which survival and death pathways are present in gastric epithelial cells, we used an antibody panel to evaluate the expression of BCL-2 family prosurvival proteins or multi-Bcl-2 homology (BH)-domains (group 1) or BH3-only (group-2) proapoptotic proteins in the stomachs of uninfected or HP-infected C57BL/6 mice. This strategy identified BCL-2, BAK, and BAD as the major prosurvival and proapoptotic proteins, in surface cells and BAD as the only BCL-2 family protein expressed in parietal cells. Chief cells express altogether different effectors, including BCL-X(L)/BCL-2, for survival but have no constitutively expressed proapoptotic proteins. In model chief cells, however, the group 1 proapoptotic protein BCL-X(S) was expressed after exposure to proinflammatory cytokines concomitant with reduced viability, demonstrating that chief cells can transcriptionally regulate the induction of proapoptotic proteins to execute apoptosis. During HP infection, no additional BCL-2 family proteins were expressed in epithelial cells, whereas those present either remained unchanged or were reduced as cell deletion occurred over time. Additional studies demonstrated that the posttranslational regulation of BAD in surface and parietal cells was negatively affected by HP infection, a result that may be directly related to an increase in apoptosis during infection. Thus, gastric epithelial cells express cell-specific prosurvival and proapoptotic pathways. From the results presented here, mechanisms that regulate HP-related changes in the survival and death profile of gastric epithelial cells can be predicted and then tested, with the ultimate goal of elucidating important therapeutic targets to inhibit the progression of HP-related pathology in the stomach.
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Kountouras J, Gavalas E, Zavos C, Stergiopoulos C, Chatzopoulos D, Kapetanakis N, Gisakis D. Alzheimer's disease and Helicobacter pylori infection: Defective immune regulation and apoptosis as proposed common links. Med Hypotheses 2006; 68:378-88. [PMID: 16979298 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2006.06.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2006] [Accepted: 06/21/2006] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Although degenerative diseases of the central nervous system, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), have an increasingly high impact on aged population their association with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection has not as yet been thoroughly researched. Current H. pylori infection appears to induce irregular humoral and cellular immune responses that, owing to the sharing of homologous epitopes (molecular mimicry), cross-react with components of nerves, thereby contributing and possibly perpetuating the apoptotic neural tissue damage observed in neurodegenerative diseases including AD. An association between AD and H. pylori infection has been recently addressed by two studies. A higher seropositivity for anti-H. pylori immunoglobulin G antibodies in 30 patients with AD than in 30 age-matched controls was reported in one study; this serological test, however, has limitations because it does not discriminate between current and old infections. In the other study, by introducing the histological method (the actual gold standard) for diagnosis of H. pylori infection, we reported a higher prevalence of H. pylori infection in 50 AD patients than in 30 anemic controls. This pathogen may influence the pathophysiology of AD by promoting platelet and platelet-leukocyte aggregation; releasing various pro-inflammatory and vasoactive substances; developing cross-mimicry with host antigens; producing reactive oxygen metabolites and circulating lipid peroxides; influencing the apoptotic process; and increasing, through induction of atrophic gastritis, homocysteine, which contributes to vascular disorders implicated in endothelial damage and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jannis Kountouras
- Department of Medicine, Second Medical Clinic, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece.
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18
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Kim N, Cho SI, Yim JY, Kim JM, Lee DH, Park JH, Kim JS, Jung HC, Song IS. The effects of genetic polymorphisms of IL-1 and TNF-A on Helicobacter pylori-induced gastroduodenal diseases in Korea. Helicobacter 2006; 11:105-12. [PMID: 16579840 DOI: 10.1111/j.1523-5378.2006.00384.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether or not genetic polymorphism of IL-1B, IL-1RN, and TNF-Alpha is an important factor in the different expression of gastroduodenal diseases after Helicobacter pylori infection. METHODS This study consisted of 1360 subjects: control, gastric cancer (GC, intestinal type, and diffuse type), benign gastric ulcer (BGU), duodenal ulcer, and first-degree gastric cancer relative (GCR). IL-1Beta-511 and TNF-A-308 biallelic polymorphism were genotyped by 5' nuclease polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays, and PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). IL-1RN penta-allelic variable number of tandem repeats was genotyped by PCR. RESULTS There was no difference in the genetic polymorphism of IL-1Beta-511, IL-1RN and TNF-A in the patients with gastric cancer regardless of H. pylori positivity compared with control. However, the frequencies of IL-1B-511 C/T (OR: 0.5, 95% CI: 0.3-0.7) and T carrier (OR: 0.6, 95% CI: 0.4-0.8) were lower in the H. pylori-positive BGU patients. The IL-1RN 2/2 was higher (OR: 5.5, 95% CI: 1.1-28.5) in the H. pylori-positive GCR. There was no significance in the polymorphism of TNF-Alpha-308 regardless of H. pylori-induced gastroduodenal diseases. CONCLUSIONS The IL-1Beta-511 T-carrier polymorphism has a negative effect on the development of H. pylori-positive BGU, and high frequency of IL-1RN 2/2 was found in the H. pylori-positive relatives of GC patients, which suggest that this genetic polymorphism could play some role in the H. pylori-induced gastroduodenal diseases in Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayoung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoungnam, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
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19
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Hellmig S, Fischbach W, Goebeler-Kolve ME, Fölsch UR, Hampe J, Schreiber S. A functional promotor polymorphism of TNF-alpha is associated with primary gastric B-Cell lymphoma. Am J Gastroenterol 2005; 100:2644-9. [PMID: 16393214 DOI: 10.1111/j.1572-0241.2005.00338.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The host genetic background to develop primary gastric B-cell lymphoma in patients with chronic Helicobacter pylori infection is unknown. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha plays a key role in H. pylori-associated inflammation and appears to be involved in the evolution of lymphoproliferative disorders. We investigated four functional promotor polymorphisms in the TNF-alpha gene for association with the development of primary gastric B-cell lymphoma. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 144 lymphoma patients, 595 H. pylori-infected controls and 534 healthy blood donors were genotyped for TNF-alpha-238, -308, -857, and -1031 by Taqman technology and case-control analysis was conducted. RESULTS There was no significant difference in allele and genotype frequencies in H. pylori-infected patients and healthy controls. TNF-857 T allele was found in 15.1% of patients with low-grade lymphoma and 9.1% of H. pylori-infected patients (Pearson's=5.7, p=0.017, OR=1.8, Wald 95% CI: 1.1< O.R.< 2.8). Carrier of the rare allele T had a 1.8-fold increased risk to develop low-grade lymphoma (Pearson's=5.4, p=0.021). Patients with high-grade lymphoma were significantly more frequent carriers of the TNF-857 T allele than healthy blood donors (30.9%vs 18.9%, Pearson's=4.5, p=0.033). Carriage of the T allele conferred a 1.9-fold increased risk (Wald 95% CI: 1.0<O.R.< 3.6). There were no associations found between any of the SNPs and disease progression. CONCLUSION In conclusion, our data provide further evidence for host genetic factors in the susceptibility of Caucasians to gastric B-cell lymphoma. Further studies are needed to elucidate the mechanistic role of TNF-alpha in tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Hellmig
- Department of General Internal Medicine, University Clinics of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Germany
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20
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Lee SG, Kim B, Yook JH, Oh ST, Lee I, Song K. TNF/LTA polymorphisms and risk for gastric cancer/duodenal ulcer in the Korean population. Cytokine 2005; 28:75-82. [PMID: 15381184 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2004.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2003] [Revised: 06/17/2004] [Accepted: 06/18/2004] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF) and lymphotoxin-alpha (LTA) are proinflammatory cytokines with immunoregulatory effects. TNF is also known to inhibit gastric acid secretion. Previously we have shown that the known proinflammatory genotypes, IL-1B -31C/+ and IL-1RN *2/*2, were not associated with increased risks for gastric cancer/duodenal ulcer in the Korean population. In this study, we tested the association between the polymorphisms of another candidate cytokine TNF/LTA and 341 gastric cancers, 133 duodenal ulcers, and 261 healthy controls. Five TNF promoter polymorphisms (-1031, -863, -857, -308, and -238) and two LTA polymorphisms (intron 1 and Thr26Asn) were analyzed. Individual polymorphisms were not associated with the gastric cancer and/or duodenal ulcer risk. When a haplotype analysis was performed with seven polymorphisms, differences in haplotype profile between the controls and gastric cancer and/or duodenal ulcer were not statistically significant. However, the frequencies of individual haplotypes C and D, which had opposite alleles at -1031, -863, and -857, showed statistically significant differences between the gastric cancer and duodenal ulcer (P=0.005 and P=0.02, respectively), suggesting that the TNF/LTA genotypes might play an opposite role in the pathogenesis of gastric cancer and duodenal ulcer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Gene Lee
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 388-1 Poongnap-Dong, Songpa-Gu, Seoul 138-736, Republic of Korea
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Kawasaki K, Nishio A, Nakamura H, Uchida K, Fukui T, Ohana M, Yoshizawa H, Ohashi S, Tamaki H, Matsuura M, Asada M, Nishi T, Nakase H, Toyokuni S, Liu W, Yodoi J, Okazaki K, Chiba T. Helicobacter felis-induced gastritis was suppressed in mice overexpressing thioredoxin-1. J Transl Med 2005; 85:1104-17. [PMID: 15965489 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.3700305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Thioredoxin-1 (TRX-1) is a redox-active protein involved in scavenging reactive oxygen species and regulating redox-sensitive transcription factors. TRX-1 is induced in various inflammatory conditions and shows cytoprotective action. We investigated the roles of TRX-1 in the host defense mechanism against Helicobacter felis (H. felis) infection. Transgenic (TG) mice overexpressing human TRX-1 and wild-type (WT) mice were orally inoculated with H. felis. After 2 months, histology, oxidative damage, and gene expression of several cytokines, including macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2), a murine equivalent to interleukin (IL)-8, in the gastric mucosa were investigated. Furthermore, the effects of TRX-1 on oxidative stress and neutrophil migration were studied both in vivo and in vitro. The gastric mucosa was thickened in H. felis-infected WT mice, but not in infected TRX-1-TG mice. Histologically, all H. felis-infected WT mice developed moderate-to-severe gastritis, whereas the development of gastritis was significantly suppressed in infected TRX-1-TG mice. Oxidative damage markers, 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine and malondialdehyde, increased in the stomach of infected WT mice, but not TRX-1-TG mice. Upregulation of IL-1beta and tumor necrosis factor-alpha gene expression in H. felis-infected TRX-1-TG mice was significantly lower than in WT mice. However, upregulation of MIP-2 and IL-7 was not different between the two groups. TRX-1 suppressed oxidative cytotoxicity and DNA damage, and inhibited neutrophil migration both in vivo and in vitro. The present study suggests that overexpression of TRX-1 suppresses H. felis-induced gastritis by inhibiting chemotaxis of neutrophils and reducing oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimio Kawasaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Endoscopic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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Yamane D, Nagai M, Ogawa Y, Tohya Y, Akashi H. Enhancement of apoptosis via an extrinsic factor, TNF-alpha, in cells infected with cytopathic bovine viral diarrhea virus. Microbes Infect 2005; 7:1482-91. [PMID: 16055364 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2005.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2005] [Revised: 05/02/2005] [Accepted: 05/09/2005] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Isolates of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) are divided into cytopathic (cp) and noncytopathic (ncp) biotypes according to their effect on cultured cells. Calves persistently infected with ncp BVDV are known to develop lethal mucosal disease (MD) after superinfection by cp BVDV. Although the UV-irradiated supernatant of cp BVDV-infected cells has been reported to have no capacity to induce cell death, we found that it could enhance cell death through apoptosis. Up-regulation of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mRNAs was detected specifically in cp BVDV-infected primary cell cultures. Suppression of TNF-alpha via antisense oligonucleotide transfection or incubation with a polyclonal antibody against TNF-alpha resulted in attenuation of apoptosis induced by cp BVDV, suggesting that TNF-alpha participates in apoptosis execution. Although TNF-alpha is one of the iNOS-inducible factors, the iNOS up-regulation was not regulated by TNF-alpha. And iNOS was revealed to serve as anti-apoptotic factor, contrary to our expectation. In addition, the expression level of both TNF-alpha and iNOS mRNAs in the ncp BVDV-infected cells was kept lower than that in the mock-infected cells, suggesting that ncp BVDV reduced or interfered with the factor triggering the expression of both mRNAs. These characteristic mRNA transcriptions would help to explain why BVDV acts differently in cells as well as in vivo, depending on its biotype. To elucidate viral factors inducing TNF-alpha and iNOS may be critical to understand the mechanism of MD development, which closely correlates with cp BVDV-induced apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Yamane
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
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23
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Ihrig M, Whary MT, Dangler CA, Fox JG. Gastric helicobacter infection induces a Th2 phenotype but does not elevate serum cholesterol in mice lacking inducible nitric oxide synthase. Infect Immun 2005; 73:1664-70. [PMID: 15731067 PMCID: PMC1064950 DOI: 10.1128/iai.73.3.1664-1670.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Persistent Helicobacter felis infection in (C57BL/6 x 129SvEv)F1 mice induces chronic gastritis. Expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) is upregulated in response to Helicobacter infection. In this study, 20 10-week-old iNOS-/- mice and 20 wild-type [(C57BL/6 x 129SvEv)F1] mice were infected with H. felis by oral gavage and were assessed histologically and serologically at 32 weeks postinfection. Equal numbers of uninfected controls were sham inoculated. The mice were scored for severity of gastric inflammation, hyperplasia, glandular atrophy, and mucous metaplasia in the corpus and for the level of helicobacter colonization. The immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1), IgG2a, and IgG2c antibody responses to H. felis were determined. As a secondary measure, serum cholesterol levels were assessed. iNOS-/- mice have a propensity for increased serum cholesterol, and although controversial, several human epidemiologic studies have demonstrated an association between Helicobacter infection and several risk factors for cardiovascular disease, including elevated serum cholesterol. Nevertheless, no differences in serum cholesterol levels were observed between the H. felis-infected and -uninfected iNOS-/- mice in this study. The uninfected animals had minimal to no gastric pathology. The gastric pathology scores for the infected animals were reduced significantly in the iNOS-deficient mice relative to those for the wild-type mice (all P <0.01). Helicobacter-infected iNOS-/- mice had chronic lymphoid infiltration and negligible to mild glandular atrophy and mucous metaplasia in the fundic mucosa, while H. felis-infected wild-type mice had severe atrophic and metaplastic mucosal changes. The atrophic gastritis in the infected wild-type mice, particularly the female mice, was also accompanied by greater granulocytic infiltration, antral hyperplasia, and diminished antral colonization, unlike that in the infected iNOS-/- mice. iNOS-/- mice developed significantly lower Th1-associated IgG2c antibody responses to H. felis (P <0.0003); the Th2-associated IgG1 responses were similar (P=0.09), suggesting a greater effect of the iNOS defect on Th1 responses. H. felis colonization was significantly greater in the iNOS-deficient mice. These findings are indicative of an impaired Th1 component of the H. felis-induced inflammatory response when the influence of iNOS is removed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Ihrig
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Bldg. 16, Rm. 825C, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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Li C, Xia B, Yang Y, Li J, Xia HHX. TNF gene polymorphisms and Helicobacter Pylori infection in gastric carcinogenesis in Chinese population. Am J Gastroenterol 2005; 100:290-4. [PMID: 15667484 DOI: 10.1111/j.1572-0241.2005.40806.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a major cause of chronic gastritis and peptic ulcer disease, and a definite carcinogen for gastric adenocarcinoma. However, the underlying pathogenic mechanisms have not been fully understood although the interactions between environmental, bacterial, and multiple genetic components are likely to be involved. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is a key cytokine involved in H. pylori-induced gastric inflammation. The present study aimed to determine the di-allelic polymorphisms of TNF gene and their association with H. pylori infection and gastroduodenal diseases in Chinese population of Han nationality. METHODS Two hundred and ten patients with gastroduodenal diseases (73 chronic gastritis, 78 duodenal ulcer, and 59 noncardia gastric cancer) and 264 healthy controls were genotyped by the PCR-RFLP method for TNF-alpha 308, lymphotoxin-alpha (LT-alpha) NcoI, and AspHI gene polymorphisms. H. pylori infection status was determined by a validated serological test. RESULTS H. pylori infection was detected in 90.5% of 210 patients and 62.1% of 264 healthy controls (p < 0.0001; odds ratio [OR]= 5.793; 95%CI: 3.431-9.780). Frequency of LT-alphaNcoI A/G genotype in patients with noncardia gastric cancer with H. pylori infection was significantly higher than that in H. pylori-positive healthy controls (64.0%vs 46.0%; p= 0.0297; OR = 2.026; 95%CI: 1.080-3.803). There were no other associations between TNF-alpha 308, LT-alphaNcoI, and AspHI gene polymorphisms and H. pylori infection in gastroduodenal diseases. CONCLUSIONS LT-alphaNcoI A/G heterozygous genotype was associated with H. pylori infection in patients with noncardia gastric cancer in Chinese Han population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wuhan University Zhongnan Hospital, Donghu Road 169, Wuhan 430 071, People's Republic of China
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Fernandes A, Silva RFM, Falcão AS, Brito MA, Brites D. Cytokine production, glutamate release and cell death in rat cultured astrocytes treated with unconjugated bilirubin and LPS. J Neuroimmunol 2004; 153:64-75. [PMID: 15265664 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2004.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2004] [Revised: 04/21/2004] [Accepted: 04/21/2004] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In hyperbilirubinemic newborns, sepsis is considered a risk factor for kernicterus. Evidence shows that injury to astrocytes triggers cytokine release. We examined the effects of unconjugated bilirubin (UCB) alone, or in combination with LPS, on the release of glutamate and cytokines from astrocytes in conditions inducing less than 10% of cell death. UCB leads to an increase of extracellular glutamate and highly enhances the release of TNF-alpha and IL-1beta, while inhibiting the production of IL-6. LPS potentiates immunostimulatory properties of UCB. These results point out the role of cytokines and provide a basis for the significance of sepsis in UCB encephalopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adelaide Fernandes
- Centro de Patogénese Molecular (UBMBE), Faculdade de Farmácia, University of Lisbon, Av. Forças Armadas, 1600-083 Lisbon, Portugal
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Liu J, Li ZS, Wan XJ, Wang W. Effect of nNOS/iNOS expression on cell apoptosis during stress ulcer of gastric mucosa in mice. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2004; 12:2127-2130. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v12.i9.2127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To determine the effect of different type of NOS expression on gastric mucosal cell apoptosis during stress ulcer in mice.
METHODS: Apoptotic cells were quantitated in gastric mucosa by terminal deoxynucleatidyl transferase mediated dUTP nick and labelling (TUNEL) techniques. The expression of nNOS/iNOS proteins was detected by immunohistochemical method. The effects of different dose of nitric oxide inhibitor NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) on gastric mucosal apoptosis was investigated in immersion-restraint stress model of mice.
RESULTS: The expression of iNOS was highly correlated with the apoptotic cell quantities of gastric mucosa. In contract to the high dose of L-NAME (20.0 mg/kg) that increased the quantity of apoptosis 25.8% (P <0.05), small dose of L-NAME (2.0 mg/kg) decreased the quantity of apoptosis 34.6% (P <0.01).
CONCLUSION: The expression of NO is a double-edged sword, a low amount of NO produced by neuronal forms of NOS performs many physiological functions. On the contrary, higher concentration of NO produced by inducible form of NOS induces the epithelial cell apoptosis under stress condition.
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N/A. N/A. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2004; 12:1397-1401. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v12.i6.1397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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Rieder G, Hofmann JA, Hatz RA, Stolte M, Enders GA. Up-regulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase in Helicobacter pylori-associated gastritis may represent an increased risk factor to develop gastric carcinoma of the intestinal type. Int J Med Microbiol 2004; 293:403-12. [PMID: 14760971 DOI: 10.1078/1438-4221-00280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The enzyme inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) is part of the host innate defense system against bacterial infection. During chronic inflammation, like that seen with a Helicobacter pylori infection, constant nitric oxide production may lead to tissue and DNA damage, thus increasing the patient's risk for developing cancer. Several investigations on iNOS expression in H. pylori-associated gastritis have resulted in conflicting data. Therefore, we investigated the association between chronic H. pylori infection and iNOS expression in samples from stomach carcinoma patients as well as in antral biopsies from patients with H. pylori-associated gastritis. iNOS expression was analyzed by means of reverse transcriptase (RT)-PCR and quantified by competitive RT-PCR. To study in situ localization of iNOS in biopsy samples, immunohistochemistry was performed. iNOS enzyme activity was quantified using an arginine/citrulline assay. A significant increase in iNOS mRNA signal was only present in one-third of the analyzed patient biopsies with H. pylori-associated gastritis. These biopsies showed a 90% association with intestinal metaplasia and a 100% association with CagA-positive H. pylori. Intestinal metaplasia is discussed to be one step in the carcinogenesis of stomach cancer. Quantitation of iNOS transcripts and iNOS enzyme activity in non-cancerous mucosa of gastric cancer patients revealed a significant increase in iNOS transcripts and iNOS activity only in the mucosa of patients with stomach cancer of the intestinal type but not in the diffuse type. Our results support the hypothesis that CagA-positive H. pylori strains are associated with the expression and activity of iNOS, and therefore might contribute to the development of intestinal metaplasia leading to gastric cancer of the intestinal type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Rieder
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany.
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