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Fukuyama Y, Kubo M, Harada K. Neurotrophic Natural Products. PROGRESS IN THE CHEMISTRY OF ORGANIC NATURAL PRODUCTS 2024; 123:1-473. [PMID: 38340248 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-42422-9_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Neurotrophins (NGF, BDNF, NT3, NT4) can decrease cell death, induce differentiation, as well as sustain the structure and function of neurons, which make them promising therapeutic agents for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. However, neurotrophins have not been very effective in clinical trials mostly because they cannot pass through the blood-brain barrier owing to being high-molecular-weight proteins. Thus, neurotrophin-mimic small molecules, which stimulate the synthesis of endogenous neurotrophins or enhance neurotrophic actions, may serve as promising alternatives to neurotrophins. Small-molecular-weight natural products, which have been used in dietary functional foods or in traditional medicines over the course of human history, have a great potential for the development of new therapeutic agents against neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. In this contribution, a variety of natural products possessing neurotrophic properties such as neurogenesis, neurite outgrowth promotion (neuritogenesis), and neuroprotection are described, and a focus is made on the chemistry and biology of several neurotrophic natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiyasu Fukuyama
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima, 770-8514, Japan.
| | - Miwa Kubo
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima, 770-8514, Japan
| | - Kenichi Harada
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima, 770-8514, Japan
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Sesoko S, Huang J, Okayama T, Nishida E, Miyoshi K. Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics, and Food Effects on TAC-302 in Healthy Participants: Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Single-Dose and Multiple-Dose Studies. Clin Pharmacol Drug Dev 2020; 9:821-832. [PMID: 31970939 PMCID: PMC7586813 DOI: 10.1002/cpdd.776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
TAC-302 stimulates neurite outgrowth activity and is expected to restore urinary function in patients with lower urinary tract dysfunction. We conducted 2 phase 1, randomized, placebo-controlled studies to confirm the safety and pharmacokinetics (PK) of TAC-302 in healthy adult Japanese male volunteers. In the first-in-human single-dose study (n = 60), TAC-302 was administered at doses from 100 to 1200 mg after an overnight fast. The effects of a meal on the PK of TAC-302 400 mg were also examined. A multiple-dose study (n = 36) evaluated the effects of meal fat content on the PK of single doses of TAC-302 (100, 200, or 400 mg) and multiple doses of TAC-302 administered for 5 days (100, 200, and 400 mg twice daily). TAC-302 showed linear PK up to doses of 1200 mg in the fasting state, and across the dose range of 100-400 mg in the fed state. No accumulation of TAC-302 was observed. Food, particularly with high fat content, increased TAC-302 plasma concentrations. No differences were observed in the adverse event incidence between the TAC-302 and placebo groups in either study. TAC-302 showed a wide safety margin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shogo Sesoko
- Sosenkai Clinic EdogawaMizueEdogawa‐kuTokyoJapan
| | - Jinhong Huang
- Pharmacovigilance DepartmentTaiho Pharmaceutical Co.Ltd.UchikandaChiyoda‐kuTokyoJapan
| | - Takashige Okayama
- Pharmacokinetics Research LaboratoriesTaiho Pharmaceutical Co.Ltd.OkuboTsukubaIbarakiJapan
| | - Erika Nishida
- Clinical Development II DepartmentTaiho Pharmaceutical Co.Ltd.UchikandaChiyoda‐kuTokyoJapan
| | - Kazuhisa Miyoshi
- Clinical Development II DepartmentTaiho Pharmaceutical Co.Ltd.UchikandaChiyoda‐kuTokyoJapan
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Nakagawa T, Akimoto N, Hakozaki A, Noma T, Nakamura A, Hayashi Y, Sasaki E, Ozaki N, Furue H. Responsiveness of lumbosacral superficial dorsal horn neurons during the voiding reflex and functional loss of spinal urethral-responsive neurons in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Neurourol Urodyn 2019; 39:144-157. [PMID: 31663175 DOI: 10.1002/nau.24198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Sensory information from the lower urinary tract (LUT) is conveyed to the spinal cord to trigger and co-ordinate micturition. However, it is not fully understood how spinal dorsal horn neurons are excited during the voiding reflex. In this study, we developed an in vivo technique allowing recording of superficial dorsal horn (SDH) neurons concurrent with intravesical pressure (IVP) during the micturition cycle in both normal and diabetic rats. METHODS Lumbosacral dorsal horn neuronal activity and IVP were recorded from urethane-anesthetized naive and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Saline was continuously perfused into the urinary bladder through a cannula to induce micturition. RESULTS We classified SDH neurons into bladder- and urethral-responsive neurons, based on their responsiveness during the voiding reflex. Bladder-responsive SDH neurons responded to the rapid increase in IVP at the start of voiding. In contrast, urethral-responsive SDH neuronal firing increased at the peak IVP and their firing lasted during the voiding phase (the high-frequency oscillations). Urethral-responsive SDH neurons were more sensitive to capsaicin, received C afferent fiber inputs, and were rarely detected in STZ-diabetes rats. Administration of a cyclohexenoic long-chain fatty alcohol (TAC-302), which is reported to promote neurite outgrowth of peripheral nerves in STZ-diabetic rats, prevented the functional loss of spinal urethral response. CONCLUSIONS Sensory information from the bladder and urethra is conveyed separately to different groups of SDH neurons. Functional loss of spinal urethral sensory information through unmyelinated C afferent fibers may contribute to diabetic bladder dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuki Nakagawa
- Department of Neurophysiology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan.,Department of Functional Anatomy, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan.,Department of Information Physiology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Nozomi Akimoto
- Department of Information Physiology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Atsushi Hakozaki
- Department of Information Physiology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan.,Drug Discovery and Development II, Taiho Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Takahisa Noma
- Drug Discovery and Development II, Taiho Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Ayumi Nakamura
- Department of Neurophysiology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan.,Department of Information Physiology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Yukio Hayashi
- Drug Discovery and Development II, Taiho Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Eiji Sasaki
- Drug Discovery and Development II, Taiho Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Ozaki
- Department of Functional Anatomy, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hidemasa Furue
- Department of Neurophysiology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan.,Department of Information Physiology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
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Yoshida S, Noma T, Miyoshi K, Tsukihara H, Orimoto N, Hakozaki A, Sasaki E. Therapeutic effect of TAC-302, a cyclohexenoic fatty alcohol derivative, on bladder denervation-related storage and voiding dysfunctions in rats. Neurourol Urodyn 2018; 37:2106-2113. [PMID: 29635706 DOI: 10.1002/nau.23571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To evaluate the therapeutic effect of TAC-302, a cyclohexenoic fatty alcohol derivative, on bladder denervation-related storage and voiding dysfunctions in rats with bladder outlet obstruction (BOO). METHODS BOO was achieved by partial ligature of the proximal urethra in female rats. Two weeks later, BOO rats were divided into two groups and treated orally with vehicle or 10 mg/kg TAC-302 twice a day for 4 weeks. Urodynamic and immunohistochemical evaluation of the bladder muscle layer was performed. In another study, the BOO rats were treated with intravenous tamsulosin at cystometry. The detrusor contractility in each group was evaluated using the modified Shafer's nomogram. RESULTS Two weeks after BOO, the rats showed significant increases in non-voiding contraction (NVCs) and residual urine volume (RUV) compared to the sham group. Moreover, 6 weeks after BOO, BOO vehicle rats showed significant increases in NVCs and RUV and decreases in detrusor contractility and in the nerve fiber density in the urinary bladder compared to the sham group. BOO-induced denervation of the urinary bladder was partially improved by oral treatment with TAC-302. Oral treatment with TAC-302 significantly reduced the amplitude and frequency of NVCs (P < 0.05) and increased detrusor contractility and tended to reduce RUV compared with the BOO vehicle group. In contrast, the intravenous administration of tamsulosin significantly reduced the frequency of NVCs, but not RUV. CONCLUSIONS TAC-302 improved storage and voiding dysfunctions by improving bladder denervation and detrusor underactivity even when the treatment was started after storage and voiding dysfunctions had already occurred.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohei Yoshida
- Taiho Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Drug Discovery and Development II, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Takahisa Noma
- Taiho Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Drug Discovery and Development II, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Miyoshi
- Taiho Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Clinical Development II, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tsukihara
- Taiho Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Drug Discovery and Development II, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Naoki Orimoto
- Taiho Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Drug Discovery and Development II, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Atsushi Hakozaki
- Taiho Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Drug Discovery and Development II, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Eiji Sasaki
- Taiho Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Drug Discovery and Development II, Tsukuba, Japan
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Yoshida S, Orimoto N, Tsukihara H, Noma T, Hakozaki A, Sasaki E. TAC-302 promotes neurite outgrowth of isolated peripheral neurons and prevents bladder denervation related bladder dysfunctions following bladder outlet obstruction in rats. Neurourol Urodyn 2017; 37:681-689. [PMID: 28745805 DOI: 10.1002/nau.23375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To evaluate the ability of TAC-302, a cyclohexenoic fatty alcohol derivative, to enhance neurite outgrowth in cultured rat dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons, and the preventive effects of TAC-302 on bladder denervation-related storage and voiding dysfunctions in rats with bladder outlet obstruction (BOO). METHODS Rat DRG neurons were cultured in the presence of TAC-302. Cell numbers and neurite lengths were quantified after a 24 h culture. BOO was achieved by partial ligature of the proximal urethra in female rats. BOO rats were divided into three groups and orally treated with vehicle of 3 or 30 mg/kg TAC-302 twice a day for 4 weeks. Cystometry was performed under conscious conditions. Immunohistochemical staining using anti-PGP9.5 of the bladder muscle layer was performed, and the innervation area was scored. RESULTS TAC-302 significantly and dose-dependently increased neurite outgrowth in cultured DRG neurons. BOO rats showed a decreased innervation area in the urinary bladder compared to sham-operated rats. BOO-induced denervation of the urinary bladder was partially prevented by oral treatment with TAC-302. TAC-302 significantly reduced the frequency of non-voiding contraction (NVC) and residual urine volume (RUV) compared with the BOO vehicle group (P < 0.05). The innervation area score exhibited significant negative correlations with NVC and RUV, indicating that they increased according to the progression of denervation. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that TAC-302 promotes neurite outgrowth in vitro. In addition, TAC-302 prevents BOO-induced bladder dysfunction in rats, and has a protective effect on bladder denervation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohei Yoshida
- Taiho Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Tsukuba Research Center, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Naoki Orimoto
- Taiho Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Tsukuba Research Center, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tsukihara
- Taiho Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Tsukuba Research Center, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Takahisa Noma
- Taiho Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Tsukuba Research Center, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Atsushi Hakozaki
- Taiho Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Tsukuba Research Center, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Eiji Sasaki
- Taiho Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Tsukuba Research Center, Tsukuba, Japan
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Chang PT, Talekar RS, Kung FL, Chern TR, Huang CW, Ye QQ, Yang MY, Yu CW, Lai SY, Deore RR, Lin JH, Chen CS, Chen GS, Chern JW. A newly designed molecule J2326 for Alzheimer's disease disaggregates amyloid fibrils and induces neurite outgrowth. Neuropharmacology 2015; 92:146-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2015.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Revised: 12/25/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Bouissac J, Garwood J, Girlanda-Jungès C, Luu B, Dollé P, Mohier E, Paschaki M. tCFA15, a trimethyl cyclohexenonic long-chain fatty alcohol, affects neural stem fate and differentiation by modulating Notch1 activity. Eur J Pharmacol 2013; 718:383-92. [PMID: 23978568 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Revised: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 08/03/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
We have investigated the effects of tCFA15, a non-peptidic compound, on the differentiation of neural stem cell-derived neurospheres, and have found that tCFA15 promotes their differentiation into neurons and reduces their differentiation into astrocytes, in a dose-dependent manner. This response is reminiscent of that resulting from the loss-of-function of Notch signaling after inactivation of the Delta-like 1 (Dll1) gene. Further analysis of the expression of genes from the Notch pathway by reverse transcriptase-PCR revealed that tCFA15 treatment results in a consistent decrease in the level of Notch1 mRNA. We have confirmed this result in other cell lines and propose that it reflects a general effect of the tCFA15 molecule. We discuss the implications of this finding with respect to regulation of Notch activity in neural stem cells, and the possible use of tCFA15 as a therapeutic tool for various pathologies that result from impairment of Notch signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Bouissac
- CNRS, UPR 3212, INCI, 5 rue Blaise Pascal, 67084 Strasbourg, France
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Okada S, Saito M, Kinoshita Y, Satoh I, Kawaba Y, Hayashi A, Oite T, Satoh K, Kanzaki S. Effects of cyclohexenonic long-chain fatty alcohol in type 2 diabetic rat nephropathy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 31:219-30. [PMID: 20834179 DOI: 10.2220/biomedres.31.219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We attempted to clarify the effects of cyclohexenonic long-chain fatty alcohol (CHLFA) on the alterations of type 2 diabetes-induced nephropathy. Forty-week-old male Goto-Kakizaki (GK) and Wistar rats were divided into four groups of 6 to 8 animals. Group A consisted of eight Wistar rats and served as an age-matched control group. Group B (7 GK rats) received no treatment and served as a diabetic group. Group C (6 GK rats) was treated daily with low-dose CHLFA (2 mg/ kg/body weight, subcutaneously) for 30 weeks, and Group D (6 GK rats) with high-dose CHLFA (8 mg/kg/body weight) for 30 weeks. At the end of the treatment period, urinary protein excretion, blood chemistry, renal histological, and immunohistological analyses were conducted. Although CHLFA administration did not influence serum glucose or insulin levels, it reversed diabetes-induced increases in urinary protein excretion and serum creatinine. Light microscopically, CHLFA treatment ameliorated the otherwise elevated glomerular sclerotic scores in the diabetic group.Immunohistochemically, increased expression of desmin and decreased expression of rat endothelial cell antigen-1 in the group with untreated diabetes both showed a reversal to control levels in the high-dose CHLFA treatment group. In conclusion, CHLFA may ameliorate type 2 diabetes-induced nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichi Okada
- Division of Pediatrics and Perinatology, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago, Japan
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Hauss F, Liu J, Michelucci A, Coowar D, Morga E, Heuschling P, Luu B. Dual bioactivity of resveratrol fatty alcohols: differentiation of neural stem cells and modulation of neuroinflammation. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:4218-22. [PMID: 17560107 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2007] [Revised: 05/10/2007] [Accepted: 05/11/2007] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of resveratrol fatty alcohols (RFAs), a new class of small molecules presenting strong potential for the treatment of neurological diseases, is described. RFAs, hybrid compounds combining the resveratrol nucleus and omega-alkanol side chains, are able to modulate neuroinflammation and to induce differentiation of neural stem cells into mature neurons. Acting on neuroprotection and neuroregeneration, RFAs represent an innovative approach for the treatment or cure of neuropathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédérique Hauss
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique des Substances Naturelles, UMR 7177 CNRS, Université Louis Pasteur, 67084 Strasbourg Cedex, France
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Tamura Y, Monden M, Suzuki H, Yamada M, Koyama K, Shiomi H. Beneficial action of 2,4,4-trimethyl-3-(15-hydroxypentadecyl)-2-cyclohexen-1-one, a novel long-chain fatty alcohol, on diabetic hypoalgesia and neuropathic hyperalgesia. J Pharmacol Sci 2006; 102:248-52. [PMID: 17038802 DOI: 10.1254/jphs.sc0060082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of 2,4,4-trimethyl-3-(15-hydroxypentadecyl)-2-cyclohexen-1-one (tCFA15) on diabetic hypoalgesia and neuropathic hyperalgesia were examined. Treatments of streptozotocin (STZ)-pretreated mice with tCFA15 (8 - 40 mg/kg, i.p.) for 7 days significantly reversed the depressed inflammatory nociceptive licking response in the formalin test. In addition, similar drug treatments and dosing in 7-day postoperative neuropathic pain model rats (prepared by the method of Bennett and Xie) yielded a similarly favorable outcome by significantly reversing decreased nociceptive thresholds in the paw pressure test. These results suggest that tCFA15 may have the potential to normalize sensory nerve abnormalities induced in experimental diabetes and nerve injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Tamura
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuyama University, Japan
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Saito M, Kinoshita Y, Satoh I, Shinbori C, Kono T, Hanada T, Uemasu J, Suzuki H, Yamada M, Satoh K. N-hexacosanol ameliorates streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat nephropathy. Eur J Pharmacol 2006; 544:132-7. [PMID: 16859672 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2006.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2006] [Revised: 05/19/2006] [Accepted: 06/02/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
In this study we investigated the effects of N-hexacosanol on streptozotocin-induced rat diabetic nephropathy. Diabetes was induced in 8-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats by administering an intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (50 mg/kg). The rats were divided into four groups and maintained for 8 weeks: control rats, diabetic rats without treatment with N-hexacosanol, and diabetic rats treated with N-hexacosanol (2 mg/kg and 8 mg/kg i.p. every day). Although N-hexacosanol failed to modify the diabetic status, increases in serum creatinine as well as in kidney weight were significantly reduced. The malonaldehyde and transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-beta1) concentrations as well as the protein kinase C (PKC) activities in the diabetic kidney were significantly higher than those of the control, which were decreased by treatment with N-hexacosanol. Histological examinations revealed that N-hexacosanol significantly ameliorated diabetic-induced tubulointerstitial pathological changes. Our data suggest that N-hexacosanol could prevent increases in the malonaldehyde and TGF-beta1 concentrations and PKC activities in the kidney, and ameliorate diabetic-induced nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoaki Saito
- Department of Pathophysiological and Therapeutic Science, Division of Molecular Pharmacology, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, 86 Nishimachi, Yonago 683-8503, Japan.
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Hanbali M, Vela-Ruiz M, Bagnard D, Luu B. Quinol fatty alcohols as promoters of axonal growth. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2006; 16:2637-40. [PMID: 16517160 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2006] [Revised: 02/14/2006] [Accepted: 02/14/2006] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of three series of quinol fatty alcohols (QFAs) and their biological activities on the promotion of axonal growth are described. Interestingly, the 15-(2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)pentadecan-1-ol, the QFA bearing 15 carbon atoms on the side chain (n=15), shows the most potent promotion of axonal growth in the presence of both permissive and non-permissive naturally occurring substrates such as Sema3A and myelin proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mazen Hanbali
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique des Substances Naturelles, LC3-UMR7177 CNRS-ULP, Université Louis Pasteur, 67084 Strasbourg Cedex, France
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Hanada T, Saito M, Kanzaki S. Treatment with Cyclohexenonic Long-Chain Fatty Alcohol Reverses Diabetes-Induced Tracheal Dysfunction in the Rat. Pharmacology 2006; 78:51-60. [PMID: 16912516 DOI: 10.1159/000095120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2006] [Accepted: 06/27/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we tried to elucidate the effect of cyclohexenonic long-chain fatty alcohol (N-hexacosanol) on tracheal dysfunction in diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced in 8-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats by administering an intraperitoneal injection of 50 mg/kg streptozotocin. Non-diabetic control rats received an injection of citrate-phosphate buffer alone. Four weeks after the induction of diabetes, rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: age-matched non-diabetic control rats (group A); 4-week diabetic rats without N-hexacosanol treatment (group B); diabetic rats treated with vehicle (group C), and diabetic rats treated with N-hexacosanol at a dose of 2 or 8 mg/kg i.p. every day for the following 4 weeks (group D and group E, respectively; n = 6-8 animals in each group). Serum glucose and insulin levels were determined, as were the contractile responses induced by carbachol and 100 mmol/l KCl. The participation of M(2) and M(3) receptors was investigated in the trachea by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), hematoxylin and eosin (HE) and immunohistochemical staining. Hypertrophy of airway smooth muscle was observed in diabetic rats, and was ameliorated by treatment with N-hexacosanol. Treatment with either 2 or 8 mg/kg N-hexacosanol did not alter diabetic rat status, i.e., body weight, serum glucose or serum insulin levels, but it significantly reversed the decrease in tracheal wall thickness and diabetes-induced hypercontractility in the rat trachea. In the immunohistochemical studies, muscarinic M(2) and M(3) receptors were expressed in the airway smooth muscle, the elastic fibers, the fibroblast and the surface of epithelium, and these expressions were not altered by either induction of diabetes or N-hexacosanol treatment. The expression of M(3) muscarinic receptor mRNAs in the trachea tended to be increased by the induction of diabetes and normalized when treated with N-hexacosanol. Our data indicate that N-hexacosanol could reverse diabetes-induced hypercontractility in the rat trachea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Hanada
- Department of Pathophysiological and Therapeutic Science, Division of Molecular Pharmacology, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, 86 Nishimachi, Yonago 683-8503, Japan
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Jover E, Gonzalez de Aguilar JL, Luu B, Lutz-Bucher B. Effect of a cyclohexenonic long-chain fatty alcohol on calcium mobilization. Eur J Pharmacol 2005; 516:197-203. [PMID: 15978572 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2005.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2005] [Accepted: 05/05/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Cyclohexenonic long-chain fatty alcohols constitute a family of synthetic compounds with trophic, secretagogue and antioxidant properties. Despite their multiple biological actions in neuronal and non-neuronal tissues, the intracellular mechanisms underlying CFA activity remain unknown. In the present study, we show that 3-(15-hydroxypentadecyl)-2,4,4-trimethyl-2-cyclohexen-1-one (tCFA15) directly mobilizes Ca(2+) in the pituitary neural lobe synaptosomes and in primary sensory neurons from dorsal root ganglia. This effect is dependent on the presence of extracellular Ca(2+), but does not involve transmembrane voltage-operated calcium channels. Using a combination of pharmacological agents that block or deplete intracellular Ca(2+) stores, our results suggest the implication of a calcium induced-calcium release mechanism evoked by tCFA15-induced Ca(2+) influx. To our knowledge, these findings constitute the first attempt towards the comprehension of the biological actions of cyclohexenonic long-chain fatty alcohols at a molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Jover
- Laboratoire de Neurophysiologie Cellulaire et Intégrée, UMR CNRS 7519, Neurotransmission et sécrétion neuroendocrine, France.
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Saito M, Suzuki H, Yamada M, Hikita K, Kobayashi N, Kinoshita Y, Houri D, Miyagawa I, Satoh K. Effect of cyclohexenonic long-chain fatty alcohol on rat overactive bladder induced by bladder neck obstruction. Eur J Pharmacol 2005; 501:143-9. [PMID: 15464073 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2004.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2004] [Revised: 07/26/2004] [Accepted: 08/03/2004] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
We attempted to clarify the preventive effects of cyclohexenonic long-chain fatty alcohol on detrusor overactivity induced by mild bladder neck obstruction. Bladder neck obstruction was created by partial ligation of the urethra. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups: those with bladder neck obstruction treated without long-chain fatty alcohol, those with bladder neck obstruction with long-chain fatty alcohol (8 mg/kg, i.p., every day) and the sham-operated control group (A, B, and C groups, respectively). Six weeks after the induction of bladder neck obstruction, voiding behavior was observed in the metabolic cage, and a cystometrogram was performed in the experimental animals. Furthermore, Hematoxylin and Eosin, Azan-Mallory, and Bodian stainings were performed in these bladders. Bladder weight, voiding behaviors and a cystometry indicated that rats in the A group showed detrusor overactivity, which was improved by treatment with long-chain fatty alcohol. The proportion of connective tissue and the density of bundles of neurofibers in the bladder of the A group was significantly less than that in the other bladders. Mild bladder neck obstruction induces detrusor overactivity, which is improved by treatment with long-chain fatty alcohol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoaki Saito
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, 36-1 Nishimachi, Yonago 683-0826 Japan.
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16
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Coowar D, Bouissac J, Hanbali M, Paschaki M, Mohier E, Luu B. Effects of indole fatty alcohols on the differentiation of neural stem cell derived neurospheres. J Med Chem 2005; 47:6270-82. [PMID: 15566297 DOI: 10.1021/jm0493616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In a search for inducers of neuronal differentiation to treat neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, a series of indole fatty alcohols (IFAs) were prepared. 13c (n = 18) was able to promote the differentiation of neural stem cell derived neurospheres into neurons at a concentration of 10 nM. Analysis of the expression of the Notch pathway genes in neurospheres treated during the differentiation phase with 13c (n = 18) revealed a significant decrease in the transcription of the Notch 4 receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Djalil Coowar
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique des Substances Naturelles, UMR 7123 CNRS, Université Louis Pasteur, 5 rue Blaise Pascal, 67084 Strasbourg, France
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17
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Cook SP, Gaul C, Danishefsky SJ. En route to the total synthesis of tashironin: on the exercise of stereochemical control by a methyl group in mediating remote cyclization reactions. Tetrahedron Lett 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2004.11.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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18
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Shi Q, Hao Q, Bouissac J, Lu Y, Tian S, Luu B. Ginsenoside-Rd from Panax notoginseng enhances astrocyte differentiation from neural stem cells. Life Sci 2005; 76:983-95. [PMID: 15607328 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2004.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2004] [Accepted: 07/07/2004] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Neural stem cells cultured as neurospheres were used to assess the effects of P. notoginseng on the production of neurons and glia. The crude saponins (PNS) and ginsenoside-Rd promote the differentiation of neurospheres into astrocytes. Ginsenoside-Rd increases the production of astrocytes in a dose-dependent manner. On the other hand, both PNS and ginsenoside-Rd induce a weak but significant effect by decreasing the number of neurons. The other ginsenosides do not induce any differentiation on both neurons and astrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Shi
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique des Substances Naturelles, UMR CNRS-ULP 7123, 5 rue Blaise Pascal 67084 Strasbourg, France
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19
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Hynds DL, Snow DM. A semi-automated image analysis method to quantify neurite preference/axon guidance on a patterned substratum. J Neurosci Methods 2002; 121:53-64. [PMID: 12393161 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-0270(02)00231-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Axon outgrowth and guidance are differentially promoted or inhibited by specific extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules. The effects of these molecules can be examined by culturing neuronal explants on patterned substrata consisting of alternating stripes adsorbed with the molecules of interest. While outgrowth on substrata adsorbed with homogenous molecules can be reliably quantified, current methods of quantifying neurite preference on patterned substrata are subjective, labor intensive, and overall less reliable. Here, we present a quick, semi-automated, lowly subjective macro-based method to quantify the effects of a change in substratum on axon extension and guidance. We plated chick dorsal root ganglion explants on a substratum consisting of alternating stripes of laminin-1 (outgrowth supportive) and chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs, outgrowth inhibitory). We evaluated neurite preference for laminin or CSPG-coated regions by measuring total neurite area, and produced an inhibition index. The quantitative data confirmed previous qualitative data showing that increasing concentrations of CSPGs induced increases in inhibition. The methods presented here: (1) require less stringent image capture criteria; (2) are quicker; (3) are less subjective compared to previously described methods; and (4) are versatile in that they can be used to assay neurite preference for any substratum-bound molecules in living or fixed cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- DiAnna L Hynds
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Kentucky, MN 238 UKMC, 800 Rose Street, Lexington, KY 40536-0298, USA.
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