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Qian J, Wang Y, Kong Q, Chai H, Hu H, Chen L, Hu L, Zhang Q, Hu G, Chen B. The metabolic profiles of endogenous and exogenous substances in a poor metabolizer of humanized CYP2D6 model. Eur J Pharm Sci 2024; 203:106899. [PMID: 39265705 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2024.106899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Revised: 08/23/2024] [Accepted: 09/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Species differences in CYP2D6 drug metabolism complicate the extrapolation of in vivo pharmacokinetic data to humans and impact the prediction of drug responses. This study aimed to develop an in vivo model to predict human responses to CYP2D6 metabolized compounds and to evaluate medication risks and disease development. METHODS We used embryonic stem cell (ES) targeting and CRISPR-Cas9 technology to create a humanized CYP2D6 mouse model by inserting the human wild-type CYP2D6 gene and knocking out the mouse Cyp2d locus. Metoprolol was used as the substrate probe to examine the pharmacokinetic properties of exogenous substances, tissue distribution, and in situ metabolism of CYP2D6. Untargeted and quantitative metabolomics analyses compared endogenous substance metabolism between different species of CYP2D6 enzymes. RESULTS No significant differences in CYP2D6 homologous protein distribution and expression of primary metabolic organs were found between humanized CYP2D6 mice and wild-type (WT) mice. The activity and metabolic capacity of CYP2D6 in humanized mice were substantially lower than homologous Cyp2d22 of WT mice in metabolizing metoprolol. The levels of several glycerolipids and glycerophospholipid-related metabolites were down-regulated in humanized CYP2D6 mice. Triglyceride TG (14:0_22:6_22:6) was significantly downregulated in male and female humanized mice, suggesting a strong association with reduced CYP2D6 activity. CONCLUSIONS This study established a robust animal model to investigate human CYP2D6-mediated metabolic profiles of exogenous and endogenous compounds, predict medication risks, and explore the potential roles of CYP2D6 in organ-specific toxicity and disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianchang Qian
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Drugs and Large-scale Manufacturing, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, PR China
| | - Yahui Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Drugs and Large-scale Manufacturing, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, PR China
| | - Qihui Kong
- SirRunRun Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, PR China
| | - Huiyan Chai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Drugs and Large-scale Manufacturing, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, PR China
| | - Haidan Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Drugs and Large-scale Manufacturing, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, PR China
| | - Lianguo Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325005, PR China
| | - Lufeng Hu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325005, PR China
| | - Qianwen Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Drugs and Large-scale Manufacturing, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, PR China
| | - Guoxin Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Drugs and Large-scale Manufacturing, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, PR China
| | - Bingbing Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Drugs and Large-scale Manufacturing, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, PR China.
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Monogiou Belik D, Bernasconi R, Xu L, Della Verde G, Lorenz V, Grüterich V, Balzarolo M, Mochizuki M, Pfister O, Kuster GM. The Flt3-inhibitor quizartinib augments apoptosis and promotes maladaptive remodeling after myocardial infarction in mice. Apoptosis 2024; 29:357-371. [PMID: 37945814 PMCID: PMC10873224 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-023-01911-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) targeting fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 (Flt3) such as quizartinib were specifically designed for acute myeloid leukemia treatment, but also multi-targeting TKIs applied to solid tumor patients inhibit Flt3. Flt3 is expressed in the heart and its activation is cytoprotective in myocardial infarction (MI) in mice. OBJECTIVES We sought to test whether Flt3-targeting TKI treatment aggravates cardiac injury after MI. METHODS AND RESULTS Compared to vehicle, quizartinib (10 mg/kg/day, gavage) did not alter cardiac dimensions or function in healthy mice after four weeks of therapy. Pretreated mice were randomly assigned to MI or sham surgery while receiving quizartinib or vehicle for one more week. Quizartinib did not aggravate the decline in ejection fraction, but significantly enhanced ventricular dilatation one week after infarction. In addition, apoptotic cell death was significantly increased in the myocardium of quizartinib-treated compared to vehicle-treated mice. In vitro, quizartinib dose-dependently decreased cell viability in neonatal rat ventricular myocytes and in H9c2 cells, and increased apoptosis as assessed in the latter. Together with H2O2, quizartinib potentiated the phosphorylation of the pro-apoptotic mitogen activated protein kinase p38 and augmented H2O2-induced cell death and apoptosis beyond additive degree. Pretreatment with a p38 inhibitor abolished apoptosis under quizartinib and H2O2. CONCLUSION Quizartinib potentiates apoptosis and promotes maladaptive remodeling after MI in mice at least in part via a p38-dependent mechanism. These findings are consistent with the multi-hit hypothesis of cardiotoxicity and make cardiac monitoring in patients with ischemic heart disease under Flt3- or multi-targeting TKIs advisable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Monogiou Belik
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, Basel, 4031, Switzerland
| | - Riccardo Bernasconi
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, Basel, 4031, Switzerland
| | - Lifen Xu
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, Basel, 4031, Switzerland
| | - Giacomo Della Verde
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, Basel, 4031, Switzerland
| | - Vera Lorenz
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, Basel, 4031, Switzerland
| | - Vivienne Grüterich
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, Basel, 4031, Switzerland
| | - Melania Balzarolo
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, Basel, 4031, Switzerland
| | - Michika Mochizuki
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, Basel, 4031, Switzerland
| | - Otmar Pfister
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, Basel, 4031, Switzerland
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gabriela M Kuster
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, Basel, 4031, Switzerland.
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
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Tani T, Oikawa M, Misaka T, Ishida T, Takeishi Y. Heart Failure Post-Myocardial Infarction Promotes Mammary Tumor Growth Through the NGF-TRKA Pathway. JACC CardioOncol 2024; 6:55-66. [PMID: 38510296 PMCID: PMC10950436 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaccao.2023.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Epidemiological investigations suggest that patients with heart failure have a higher incidence of cancer; however, the causal role of cardiac disease on cancer progression remains unclear. Objectives This study aimed to investigate the impact and underlying mechanisms of myocardial infarction (MI)-induced heart failure on tumor cell growth. Methods We generated a syngeneic mouse model by implanting mammary tumor-derived 4T1 cells into BALB/c mice with MI resulting from ligation of the left anterior descending artery. Results Mice with MI exhibited increased tumor volume, tumor weight, and Ki67-positive proliferative cells in the tumor tissue compared with the sham-operated mice. Furthermore, RNA sequencing analysis in the tumor tissue revealed significant enrichment of pathways related to tumor progression, particularly the PI3K-AKT pathway in the MI mice. Upregulation of tropomyosin receptor kinase A (TRKA) phosphorylation, an upstream regulator of PI3K-AKT signaling, was observed in the tumor tissue of the MI mice. We also observed elevated levels of circulating nerve growth factor (NGF), a ligand of TRKA, and increased NGF expressions in the myocardium after MI. In in vitro experiments, NGF stimulation led to increased cell proliferation, as well as phosphorylation of TRKA and AKT. Notably, inhibition of TRKA by small interfering RNA or the chemical inhibitor GW441756 effectively blocked these effects. Administration of GW441756 resulted in the suppression of tumor volume and cell proliferation in the MI mice. Conclusions Our study demonstrates that MI promotes mammary tumor growth through the NGF-TRKA pathway. Consequently, inhibiting TRKA could represent a therapeutic strategy for breast cancer patients concurrently experiencing heart failure after MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Tani
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Oikawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Tomofumi Misaka
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
- Department of Community Cardiovascular Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Takafumi Ishida
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Yasuchika Takeishi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
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Lai J, Li A, Yue L, Zhong H, Xu S, Liu X. Participation of ASK-1 in the cardiomyocyte-protective role of mechanical ventilation in a rat model of myocardial infarction. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2023; 248:1579-1587. [PMID: 37786374 PMCID: PMC10676125 DOI: 10.1177/15353702231191205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-invasive positive-pressure ventilation (NIPPV) has been demonstrated to exhibit a cardioprotective function in a rat model of myocardial infarction (MI). However, the mechanism underlying NIPPV-mediated MI progression requires further investigation. We aimed to investigate the effectiveness and corresponding mechanism of NIPPV in an acute MI-induced heart failure (HF) rat model. Thirty each of healthy wild type (WT) and apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK-1)-deficient rats were enrolled in this study. MI models were established via anterior descending branch ligation of the left coronary artery. The corresponding data indicated that NIPPV treatment reduced the heart infarct area, myocardial fibrosis degree, and cardiac function loss in MI rats, and ameliorated apoptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in the heart tissue. Furthermore, the expression level of ASK-1 level, a key modulator of the ROS-induced extrinsic apoptosis pathway, was upregulated in the heart tissues of MI rats, but decreased after NIPPV treatment. Meanwhile, the downstream cleavage of caspase-3, caspase-9, and PARP, alongside p38 phosphorylation and FasL expression, exhibited a similar trend to that of ASK-1 expression. The involvement of ASK-1 in NIPPV-treated MI in ASK-1-deficient rats was examined. Although MI modeling indicated that cardiac function loss was alleviated in ASK-1-deficient rats, NIPPV treatment did not confer any clear efficiency in cardiac improvement in ASK-1-knockdown rats with MI modeling. Nonetheless, NIPPV inhibited ROS-induced extrinsic apoptosis in the heart tissues of rats with MI by regulating ASK-1 expression, and subsequently ameliorated cardiac function loss and MI-dependent pathogenic changes in the heart tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiying Lai
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Ailin Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Linlin Yue
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Huifeng Zhong
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Shuo Xu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Ganzhou People’s Hospital, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
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Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Song Q, Wang Y, Pan J. The role of Vav3 expression for inflammation and cell death during experimental myocardial infarction. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2023; 78:100273. [PMID: 37591108 PMCID: PMC10450409 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinsp.2023.100273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Myocardial Infarction (MI) is the leading cause of chronic heart failure. Previous studies have suggested that Vav3, a receptor protein tyrosine kinase signal transducer, is associated with a variety of cellular signaling processes such as cell morphology regulation and cell transformation with oncogenic activity. However, the mechanism of Vav3-mediated MI development requires further investigation. METHOD Here, The authors established an MI rat model by ligating the anterior descending branch of the left coronary artery, and an MI cell model by treating cardiomyocytes with H2O2. Microarray analysis was conducted to identify genes with differential expression in heart tissues relevant to MI occurrence and development. Vav3 was thus selected for further investigation. RESULTS Vav3 downregulation was observed in MI heart tissue and H2O2-treated cardiomyocytes. Administration of Lentiviral Vav3 (LV-VAV3) in MI rats upregulated Vav3 expression in MI heart tissue. Restoration of Vav3 expression reduced infarct area and ameliorated cardiac function in MI rats. Cardiac inflammation, apoptosis, and upregulation of NFκB signal in heart tissue of MI animals were assessed using ELISA, TUNEL staining, real-time PCR, and WB. Vav3 overexpression reduced cardiac inflammation and apoptosis and inhibited NFκB expression and activation. Betulinic Acid (BA) was then used to re-activate NFκB in Vav3-overexpressed and H2O2-induced cardiomyocytes. The expression of P50 and P65, as well as nuclear P65, was significantly increased by BA exposure. CONCLUSIONS Vav3 might serve as a target to reduce ischemia damage by suppressing the inflammation and apoptosis of cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Department of Emergency, Yantaishan Hospital, Shandong, China
| | - Yonglei Zhang
- Department of Emergency, Yantaishan Hospital, Shandong, China
| | - Qin Song
- Department of Emergency, Yantaishan Hospital, Shandong, China
| | - Yuanxin Wang
- Department of Emergency, Yantaishan Hospital, Shandong, China
| | - Jiming Pan
- Department of Emergency, Yantaishan Hospital, Shandong, China.
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Samidurai A, Saravanan M, Ockaili R, Kraskauskas D, Lau SYV, Kodali V, Ramasamy S, Bhoopathi K, Nair M, Roh SK, Kukreja RC, Das A. Single-Dose Treatment with Rapamycin Preserves Post-Ischemic Cardiac Function through Attenuation of Fibrosis and Inflammation in Diabetic Rabbit. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:8998. [PMID: 37240345 PMCID: PMC10218967 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Robust activation of mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) signaling in diabetes exacerbates myocardial injury following lethal ischemia due to accelerated cardiomyocyte death with cardiac remodeling and inflammatory responses. We examined the effect of rapamycin (RAPA, mTOR inhibitor) on cardiac remodeling and inflammation following myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in diabetic rabbits. Diabetic rabbits (DM) were subjected to 45 min of ischemia and 10 days of reperfusion by inflating/deflating a previously implanted hydraulic balloon occluder. RAPA (0.25 mg/kg, i.v.) or DMSO (vehicle) was infused 5 min before the onset of reperfusion. Post-I/R left ventricular (LV) function was assessed by echocardiography and fibrosis was evaluated by picrosirius red staining. Treatment with RAPA preserved LV ejection fraction and reduced fibrosis. Immunoblot and real-time PCR revealed that RAPA treatment inhibited several fibrosis markers (TGF-β, Galectin-3, MYH, p-SMAD). Furthermore, immunofluorescence staining revealed the attenuation of post-I/R NLRP3-inflammasome formation with RAPA treatment as shown by reduced aggregation of apoptosis speck-like protein with a caspase recruitment domain and active-form of caspase-1 in cardiomyocytes. In conclusion, our study suggests that acute reperfusion therapy with RAPA may be a viable strategy to preserve cardiac function with the alleviation of adverse post-infarct myocardial remodeling and inflammation in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Rakesh C. Kukreja
- Division of Cardiology, Pauley Heart Center, Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; (A.S.)
| | - Anindita Das
- Division of Cardiology, Pauley Heart Center, Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; (A.S.)
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7
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Farag A, Mandour AS, Hendawy H, Elhaieg A, Elfadadny A, Tanaka R. A review on experimental surgical models and anesthetic protocols of heart failure in rats. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1103229. [PMID: 37051509 PMCID: PMC10083377 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1103229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a serious health and economic burden worldwide, and its prevalence is continuously increasing. Current medications effectively moderate the progression of symptoms, and there is a need for novel preventative and reparative treatments. The development of novel HF treatments requires the testing of potential therapeutic procedures in appropriate animal models of HF. During the past decades, murine models have been extensively used in fundamental and translational research studies to better understand the pathophysiological mechanisms of HF and develop more effective methods to prevent and control congestive HF. Proper surgical approaches and anesthetic protocols are the first steps in creating these models, and each successful approach requires a proper anesthetic protocol that maintains good recovery and high survival rates after surgery. However, each protocol may have shortcomings that limit the study's outcomes. In addition, the ethical regulations of animal welfare in certain countries prohibit the use of specific anesthetic agents, which are widely used to establish animal models. This review summarizes the most common and recent surgical models of HF and the anesthetic protocols used in rat models. We will highlight the surgical approach of each model, the use of anesthesia, and the limitations of the model in the study of the pathophysiology and therapeutic basis of common cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Farag
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Japan
- Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology, and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
- *Correspondence: Ahmed Farag
| | - Ahmed S. Mandour
- Department of Animal Medicine (Internal Medicine), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
- Ahmed S. Mandour
| | - Hanan Hendawy
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Japan
| | - Asmaa Elhaieg
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Japan
| | - Ahmed Elfadadny
- Department of Animal Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhur University, Damanhur El-Beheira, Egypt
| | - Ryou Tanaka
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Japan
- Ryou Tanaka
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Bigorra Mir M, Charlebois E, Tsyplenkova S, Fillebeen C, Pantopoulos K. Cardiac Hamp mRNA Is Predominantly Expressed in the Right Atrium and Does Not Respond to Iron. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065163. [PMID: 36982241 PMCID: PMC10049151 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepcidin is a liver-derived hormone that controls systemic iron traffic. It is also expressed in the heart, where it acts locally. We utilized cell and mouse models to study the regulation, expression, and function of cardiac hepcidin. Hepcidin-encoding Hamp mRNA was induced upon differentiation of C2C12 cells to a cardiomyocyte-like phenotype and was not further stimulated by BMP6, BMP2, or IL-6, the major inducers of hepatic hepcidin. The mRNAs encoding hepcidin and its upstream regulator hemojuvelin (Hjv) are primarily expressed in the atria of the heart, with ~20-fold higher Hamp mRNA levels in the right vs. left atrium and negligible expression in the ventricles and apex. Hjv−/− mice, a model of hemochromatosis due to suppression of liver hepcidin, exhibit only modest cardiac Hamp deficiency and minor cardiac dysfunction. Dietary iron manipulations did not significantly affect cardiac Hamp mRNA in the atria of wild-type or Hjv−/− mice. Two weeks following myocardial infarction, Hamp was robustly induced in the liver and heart apex but not atria, possibly in response to inflammation. We conclude that cardiac Hamp is predominantly expressed in the right atrium and is partially regulated by Hjv; however, it does not respond to iron and other inducers of hepatic hepcidin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Bigorra Mir
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Edouard Charlebois
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Sofiya Tsyplenkova
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Carine Fillebeen
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Kostas Pantopoulos
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-514-340-8260 (ext. 25293)
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Chronic intermittent hypoxia-induced BNIP3 expression mitigates contractile dysfunction and myocardial injury in animal and cell model via modulating autophagy. Hum Cell 2023; 36:631-642. [PMID: 36627546 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-022-00851-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome is generally associated with multiple cardiovascular disorders, such as myocardial hypertrophy. Autophagy is strictly modulated to maintain cardiac homeostasis. Post-injury autophagy is closely associated with pathological cardiac hypertrophy. BCL2 interacting protein 3 (BNIP3) and BNIP3-like protein (BNIP3L) can cause cell death and are important for hypoxia-elicited autophagy. Here, we evaluated whether BNIP3 could mitigate functional remodeling and cardiac hypertrophy through regulation of autophagy. Male WT rats or rats with BNIP3 knockout were subjected to chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) for 8 h/day over 5 weeks. Echocardiography and morphology were employed to assess the cardioprotective effects. Autophagy was assessed via transmission electron microscopy and detection of LC3, p62, and Beclin-1. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling and the Bax/Bcl2 ratio were used to monitor apoptosis. Biochemical evaluations were performed to assess oxidative stress. Additionally, BNIP3-knockdown H9c2 cells that were subjected to CIH were used to examine autophagy and apoptosis to confirm the findings of the animal study. The CIH group showed elevated heart weight/body weight and left ventricle weight/body weight proportions, along with left ventricular remodeling. CIH-exposed rats exhibited dramatically higher fractional shortening and ejection fractions than the controls. In addition, the levels of autophagy markers Beclin-1 and LC3-II/I were increased, whereas the level of p62 was reduced by CIH treatment. The oxidative marker levels and the apoptosis index in the CIH group were markedly increased. Knockout of BNIP3 significantly aggravated the impairment in cardiac function, apoptosis, oxidative stress, and hypertrophy of CIH rats, while significantly reducing autophagy. The autophagy-associated PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway was also deactivated by BNIP3 knockout. At the cellular level, CIH treatment significantly upregulated autophagy and apoptosis; however, BNIP3 silencing reduced autophagy and promoted apoptosis. CIH treatment-mediated upregulation of BNIP3 expression plays a crucial role in autophagy by targeting the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, alleviating cardiac hypertrophy.
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10
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Kanda M, Nagai T, Kondo N, Matsuura K, Akazawa H, Komuro I, Kobayashi Y. Pericardial Grafting of Cardiac Progenitor Cells in Self-Assembling Peptide Scaffold Improves Cardiac Function After Myocardial Infarction. Cell Transplant 2023; 32:9636897231174078. [PMID: 37191272 PMCID: PMC10192947 DOI: 10.1177/09636897231174078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Many studies have explored cardiac progenitor cell (CPC) therapy for heart disease. However, optimal scaffolds are needed to ensure the engraftment of transplanted cells. We produced a three-dimensional hydrogel scaffold (CPC-PRGmx) in which high-viability CPCs were cultured for up to 8 weeks. CPC-PRGmx contained an RGD peptide-conjugated self-assembling peptide with insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1). Immediately after creating myocardial infarction (MI), we transplanted CPC-PRGmx into the pericardial space on to the surface of the MI area. Four weeks after transplantation, red fluorescent protein-expressing CPCs and in situ hybridization analysis in sex-mismatched transplantations revealed the engraftment of CPCs in the transplanted scaffold (which was cellularized with host cells). The average scar area of the CPC-PRGmx-treated group was significantly smaller than that of the non-treated group (CPC-PRGmx-treated group = 46 ± 5.1%, non-treated MI group = 59 ± 4.5%; p < 0.05). Echocardiography showed that the transplantation of CPC-PRGmx improved cardiac function and attenuated cardiac remodeling after MI. The transplantation of CPCs-PRGmx promoted angiogenesis and inhibited apoptosis, compared to the untreated MI group. CPCs-PRGmx secreted more vascular endothelial growth factor than CPCs cultured on two-dimensional dishes. Genetic fate mapping revealed that CPC-PRGmx-treated mice had more regenerated cardiomyocytes than non-treated mice in the MI area (CPC-PRGmx-treated group = 0.98 ± 0.25%, non-treated MI group = 0.25 ± 0.04%; p < 0.05). Our findings reveal the therapeutic potential of epicardial-transplanted CPC-PRGmx. Its beneficial effects may be mediated by sustainable cell viability, paracrine function, and the enhancement of de novo cardiomyogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Kanda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine,
Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Toshio Nagai
- Department of Cardiology, Chemotherapy
Research Institute, KAKEN Hospital, International University of Health and Welfare,
Ichikawa-shi, Japan
| | - Naomichi Kondo
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine,
Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Katsuhisa Matsuura
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical
Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Women’s
Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Akazawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine,
Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Issei Komuro
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine,
Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshio Kobayashi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine,
Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
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Wang H, Yao X, Huang K, Zhang J, Xiao J, Guo J, Wei D, Xiang B. Low-dose dexamethasone in combination with luteolin improves myocardial infarction recovery by activating the antioxidative response. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 151:113121. [PMID: 35605295 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the effects of dexamethasone (DEX) and its combination with luteolin (LUT) on cardiac function during myocardial infarction (MI) in a mouse model. We evaluated whether the Keap1/Nrf2 pathway mediates the cardioprotective function of DEX both in vivo and in vitro. The MI mouse model was established by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery of wild-type (WT) and Nrf2 knockout mice. After recovery for 21 days, DEX or its combination with LUT was intraperitoneally administered at different doses to WT or Nrf2 knockout mice daily for 7 consecutive days. Mice treated with DEX at a low dose (50 μg/kg/day) showed better cardiac function, fewer cardiac lesions, and smaller infarct sizes compared with MI model mice. DEX (50 μg/kg/day) administration also significantly decreased the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and pro-inflammatory cytokines, increased the expression of antioxidative enzymes, and activated the Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. However, in Nrf2 knockout mice, DEX treatment did not influence cardiac function, inflammation, the oxidative response, or Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1 activation. In the MI cell model, low concentrations of DEX attenuated the H2O2-induced decreases in cell viability and antioxidative enzyme levels and activated the Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. Low doses of DEX exerted protective effects in MIR mice and MI cell models by improving cardiac function, eliminating ROS, inhibiting inflammatory responses, and activating antioxidative responses. The protective effects of DEX on myocardial tissues were mediated by the Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Wang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China.
| | - Xiaoqin Yao
- Health Management Center, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China.
| | - Keli Huang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China.
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China.
| | - Jingrong Xiao
- Nursing Department, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China.
| | - Jing Guo
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China.
| | - Dachuang Wei
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China.
| | - Bo Xiang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China.
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12
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Zhu E, Yuan C, Hu S, Liao Y, Li B, Zhou Y, Zhou W. Injection of Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Leads to Ventricular Remodeling. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:1659771. [PMID: 36193497 PMCID: PMC9526576 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1659771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous studies have found that some ventricular remodeling is accompanied by increased matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in vivo, and MMP-9 inhibitors can reduce ventricular remodeling. However, there is still no direct evidence that MMP-9 causes ventricular remodeling. In this study, MMP-9 was injected into rats to observe whether MMP-9 caused ventricular remodeling, thereby providing direct evidence of MMP-9-induced ventricular remodeling. METHODS Forty-eight eight-week-old male Wistar rats were randomly divided, by weight, into control, low-, medium-, and high-dose MMP-9 groups and were administered normal saline or recombinant rat MMP-9 0.7, 1.4, or 2.1 ng/g, respectively, via intraperitoneal injection, twice per week. On the 28th day, six rats were randomly selected from each group (Stage I). The remaining rats continued receiving injections until the 56th day (Stage II). Echocardiography was performed to observe cardiac structure and function, and the left ventricular mass index (LVWI) was calculated. Myocardial pathological changes and the collagen volume fraction (CVF) were observed by HE and VG staining in myocardial tissue. MMP-9 levels in serum were tested using ELISA. Myocardial MMP-9 levels were measured using Western blots, and the myocardial expression levels of MMP-9 mRNA were assessed using RT-PCR. RESULTS During Stage I, serum MMP-9 and myocardial MMP-9 mRNA levels are increased; hypertrophic cardiomyocytes, disorderly arrangement of fibers, and endochylema dissolution are observed in the medium- and high-dose groups. The left ventricular weight index (LVWI) and myocardial MMP-9 increased, and the collagen volume fraction (CVF) reduced in the high-dose group. In Stage II, the left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV) and diameter (LVIDd) are higher, and CVF decreased in the medium- and high-dose groups. Myocardial pathological lesions intensified. Serum MMP-9 in the model groups and myocardial MMP-9 in the medium- and high-dose groups are increased. CONCLUSIONS Injection of MMP-9 can lead to ventricular remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enzheng Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangdong Province, 510080, China
| | - Congcong Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangdong Province, 510080, China
| | - Simiao Hu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangdong Province, 510080, China
| | - Yiling Liao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangdong Province, 510080, China
| | - Bowei Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangdong Province, 510080, China
| | - Yuliang Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangdong Province, 510080, China
| | - Wanxing Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangdong Province, 510080, China
- Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Province, 510080, China
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13
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Chen Y, Guo Z, Li S, Liu Z, Chen P. Spermidine Affects Cardiac Function in Heart Failure Mice by Influencing the Gut Microbiota and Cardiac Galectin-3. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:765591. [PMID: 34926616 PMCID: PMC8674475 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.765591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Spermidine, which can be synthesized by the gut microbiota, can prevent cardiac hypertrophy and delay the progression to heart failure (HF). However, it is not clear whether the effect of spermidine on cardiac function is mediated by modulating the gut microbiota when HF occurs. Female HF Kunming mice induced by transverse aortic constriction were administered spermidine (HF+S group) or its antagonist (HF+SR group). Echocardiography, messenger ribonucleic acid (RNA) and protein expression of galectin-3 in the heart, cardiomyocyte apoptosis assays and gut microbiota analysis were detected. Left ventricular end-diastolic volume and diameter (LVVd and LVDd), and left ventricular end-systolic volume and diameter in the HF+SR group were significantly enlarged compared with those in the HF group (all P < 0.05). The HF+S group had a smaller LVDd and LVVd than the HF+SR group (5.01 ± 0.67 vs. 6.13 ± 0.45 mm, P = 0.033; 121.44 ± 38.74 vs. 189.94 ± 31.42 μL, P = 0.033). The messenger RNA and protein expression of galectin-3 and the number of apoptotic cardiomyocytes increased significantly in the HF+SR group compared to the HF group. Gut microbiota analysis showed that spermidine antagonists reduced the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio and changed the microbial community richness and diversity. In conclusion, spermidine can improve cardiac function in HF, and the regulation of gut microbiota and cardiac fibrosis may be a factor in the effect of spermidine on the improvement of cardiac function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiqin Guo
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaonan Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Cardiology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Cardiology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pingan Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
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14
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Chen P, Guo Z, Chen Y, Chen L, Li S, Xian Y, Liu G. The influence of inhibiting renal neural regeneration on the efficacy of renal denervation to chronic heart failure. ESC Heart Fail 2021; 8:4760-4771. [PMID: 34687148 PMCID: PMC8712905 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.13655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Some studies support the occurrence of nerve regeneration in renal arteries after renal denervation (RDN). But it is unclear whether inhibiting reinnervation after RDN is beneficial to enhancing the effect of RDN on chronic heart failure (CHF). Methods and results Chronic heart failure Sprague Dawley rats induced by transverse aortic constriction were administered with the analogue of Nogo‐B (Nogo group) or its antagonist (NEP group) respectively after RDN. Echocardiography, messenger RNA, and protein expression of calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP) in renal artery and nerves surrounding renal artery were detected. Relative protein expression of CGRP was significantly decreased in the Nog group compared with the RDN group (0.64 ± 0.51 vs. 1.68 ± 1.07, P = 0.048). The number of nerves surrounding renal artery was higher in the NEP group than in the Nog group. Left ventricular end‐systolic volume and diameter (LVVs and LVDs) were greatly decreased, and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and fractional shortening (FS) increased significantly in the RDN, Nog and NEP groups when compared with the HF group (all P < 0.05). No significant differences were observed in left ventricular end‐diastolic volume and diameter; LVDs; LVVs; FS; LVEF; and the levels of plasma renin, noradrenaline, and N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide among three groups: the RDN, Nog, and NEP groups. Conclusions Reinnervation of renal artery occurred in CHF rats after RDN, which had no effect on therapeutic role of RDN in CHF, and inhibiting this neural regeneration had no clinical significance and did not affect the efficacy of RDN to CHF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingan Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, 1 Panfu Road, Guangzhou, 510182, China.,Department of Cardiology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiqin Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, 1 Panfu Road, Guangzhou, 510182, China.,Department of Cardiology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yufeng Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, 1 Panfu Road, Guangzhou, 510182, China.,Department of Cardiology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lushan Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, 1 Panfu Road, Guangzhou, 510182, China.,Department of Cardiology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaonan Li
- Department of Cardiology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, 1 Panfu Road, Guangzhou, 510182, China.,Department of Cardiology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanlin Xian
- Department of Cardiology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, 1 Panfu Road, Guangzhou, 510182, China.,Department of Cardiology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guorong Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, 1 Panfu Road, Guangzhou, 510182, China.,Department of Pathology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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15
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Hoyer-Kimura C, Konhilas JP, Mansour HM, Polt R, Doyle KP, Billheimer D, Hay M. Neurofilament light: a possible prognostic biomarker for treatment of vascular contributions to cognitive impairment and dementia. J Neuroinflammation 2021; 18:236. [PMID: 34654436 PMCID: PMC8520282 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-021-02281-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Decreased cerebral blood flow and systemic inflammation during heart failure (HF) increase the risk for vascular contributions to cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID) and Alzheimer disease-related dementias (ADRD). We previously demonstrated that PNA5, a novel glycosylated angiotensin 1–7 (Ang-(1–7)) Mas receptor (MasR) agonist peptide, is an effective therapy to rescue cognitive impairment in our preclinical model of VCID. Neurofilament light (NfL) protein concentration is correlated with cognitive impairment and elevated in neurodegenerative diseases, hypoxic brain injury, and cardiac disease. The goal of the present study was to determine (1) if treatment with Ang-(1–7)/MasR agonists can rescue cognitive impairment and decrease VCID-induced increases in NfL levels as compared to HF-saline treated mice and, (2) if NfL levels correlate with measures of cognitive function and brain cytokines in our VCID model. Methods VCID was induced in C57BL/6 male mice via myocardial infarction (MI). At 5 weeks post-MI, mice were treated with daily subcutaneous injections for 24 days, 5 weeks after MI, with PNA5 or angiotensin 1–7 (500 microg/kg/day or 50 microg/kg/day) or saline (n = 15/group). Following the 24-day treatment protocol, cognitive function was assessed using the Novel Object Recognition (NOR) test. Cardiac function was measured by echocardiography and plasma concentrations of NfL were quantified using a Quanterix Simoa assay. Brain and circulating cytokine levels were determined with a MILLIPLEX MAP Mouse High Sensitivity Multiplex Immunoassay. Treatment groups were compared via ANOVA, significance was set at p < 0.05. Results Treatment with Ang-(1–7)/MasR agonists reversed VCID-induced cognitive impairment and significantly decreased NfL levels in our mouse model of VCID as compared to HF-saline treated mice. Further, NfL levels were significantly negatively correlated with cognitive scores and the concentrations of multiple pleiotropic cytokines in the brain. Conclusions These data show that treatment with Ang-(1–7)/MasR agonists rescues cognitive impairment and decreases plasma NfL relative to HF-saline-treated animals in our VCID mouse model. Further, levels of NfL are significantly negatively correlated with cognitive function and with several brain cytokine concentrations. Based on these preclinical findings, we propose that circulating NfL might be a candidate for a prognostic biomarker for VCID and may also serve as a pharmacodynamic/response biomarker for therapeutic target engagement.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John P Konhilas
- Department of Physiology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.,Department of Nutritional Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.,Sarver Molecular Cardiovascular Research Program, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Heidi M Mansour
- Department of Pharmacy, Skaggs Pharmaceutical Sciences Center, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Translational and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Robin Polt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Kristian P Doyle
- Department of Immunobiology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Dean Billheimer
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Meredith Hay
- Department of Physiology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.,Department of Neurology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.,Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.,ProNeurogen, Inc, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
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16
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Jiang L, Yang A, Li X, Liu K, Tan J. Down-regulation of VCAM-1 in bone mesenchymal stem cells reduces inflammatory responses and apoptosis to improve cardiac function in rat with myocardial infarction. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 101:108180. [PMID: 34607225 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) has been well known to exert therapeutic potential for patients with myocardial infarction (MI). VCAM-1 can promote the migration of lymphocytes to the inflammatory zone. In the present study, we tried to explore whether VCAM-1 silenced-BMSCs have better therapeutic effects on MI. METHODS BMSCs were isolated and cultured followed by treatment of a lentivirus silencing VCAM-1 and NF-κB activator (PMA). Besides, MI rat models were also established and injected with treated BMSCs to detect the effect of VCAM-1 silenced-BMSCs in MI, as evidenced by detection of cardiac function, survival of rats within 72 h, infarct size and myocardial cell apoptosis. Moreover, the expression of NF-κB-regulated gene products was also determined. RESULTS The implantation of sh-VCAM-1 BMSCs into MI rats resulted in more reductions in myocardial infarct size as well as myocardial cell apoptosis, improved cardiac function, the number of survived rats within 72 h, and survival time within 72 h compared with the individual treatments of either BMSCs or control. In addition, transplanted BMSCs down-regulated the expression of NF-κB-p65, MMP-9, TNF-α, and Bax, and up-regulated VEGF and Bcl-2 in myocardial tissue, which could be further enhanced by sh-VCAM-1 and rescued by PMA. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrated that silencing VCAM-1 in BMSCs could inhibit inflammation and apoptosis, thus improving cardiac function in MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Jiang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China; Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Aidi Yang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu 610072, China; Operation Room, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Xi Li
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China; Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Ke Liu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China; Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Jin Tan
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China; Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu 610072, China.
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17
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Martin TP, MacDonald EA, Elbassioni AAM, O'Toole D, Zaeri AAI, Nicklin SA, Gray GA, Loughrey CM. Preclinical models of myocardial infarction: from mechanism to translation. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 179:770-791. [PMID: 34131903 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Approximately 7 million people are affected by acute myocardial infarction (MI) each year, and despite significant therapeutic and diagnostic advancements, MI remains a leading cause of mortality worldwide. Preclinical animal models have significantly advanced our understanding of MI and have enabled the development of therapeutic strategies to combat this debilitating disease. Notably, some drugs currently used to treat MI and heart failure (HF) in patients had initially been studied in preclinical animal models. Despite this, preclinical models are limited in their ability to fully reproduce the complexity of MI in humans. The preclinical model must be carefully selected to maximise the translational potential of experimental findings. This review describes current experimental models of MI and considers how they have been used to understand drug mechanisms of action and support translational medicine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara P Martin
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Eilidh A MacDonald
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Ali Ali Mohamed Elbassioni
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.,Suez Canal University, Arab Republic of Egypt
| | - Dylan O'Toole
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Ali Abdullah I Zaeri
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Stuart A Nicklin
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Gillian A Gray
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Christopher M Loughrey
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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18
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Borrelli MA, Turnquist HR, Little SR. Biologics and their delivery systems: Trends in myocardial infarction. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 173:181-215. [PMID: 33775706 PMCID: PMC8178247 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death around the world, in which myocardial infarction (MI) is a precipitating event. However, current therapies do not adequately address the multiple dysregulated systems following MI. Consequently, recent studies have developed novel biologic delivery systems to more effectively address these maladies. This review utilizes a scientometric summary of the recent literature to identify trends among biologic delivery systems designed to treat MI. Emphasis is placed on sustained or targeted release of biologics (e.g. growth factors, nucleic acids, stem cells, chemokines) from common delivery systems (e.g. microparticles, nanocarriers, injectable hydrogels, implantable patches). We also evaluate biologic delivery system trends in the entire regenerative medicine field to identify emerging approaches that may translate to the treatment of MI. Future developments include immune system targeting through soluble factor or chemokine delivery, and the development of advanced delivery systems that facilitate the synergistic delivery of biologics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A Borrelli
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, 940 Benedum Hall, 3700 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
| | - Heth R Turnquist
- Starzl Transplantation Institute, 200 Darragh St, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
| | - Steven R Little
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, 940 Benedum Hall, 3700 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, 302 Benedum Hall, 3700 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Department of Clinical and Translational Science, University of Pittsburgh, Forbes Tower, Suite 7057, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 450 Technology Drive, Suite 300, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA; Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Pittsburgh, 3501 Terrace Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh, 203 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
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19
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De Villiers C, Riley PR. Mouse models of myocardial infarction: comparing permanent ligation and ischaemia-reperfusion. Dis Model Mech 2020; 13:13/11/dmm046565. [PMID: 33361140 PMCID: PMC7687859 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.046565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) is a disease of major consequence in the modern world, causing permanent, irreversible damage to the heart. Survivors are at risk for developing further cardiovascular pathologies such as heart failure. Further study of MI injury is crucial to improve the understanding and treatment of the post-MI heart. The most commonly used model for MI in vivo is surgical ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD). There are two predominant approaches: permanent ligation (PL), where the LAD is permanently occluded with a suture, or ischaemia-reperfusion (IR), where the LAD is temporarily occluded before removing the suture to restore blood flow and tissue reperfusion. PL results in the majority of the area at risk becoming infarcted, leading to significant apoptotic cell death and a large scar. Conversely, IR salvages some of the area at risk; thus, the scar is smaller and includes reperfusion injury, an additional, albeit smaller, second wave of necrotic damage. PL may be a more appropriate model choice for studies of heart tissue injury and wound healing, owing to the larger, more consistent infarcts, while IR enables the study of reperfusion injury. Both are clinically relevant, and the choice of model depends upon the precise pre-clinical research questions to be addressed. Summary: Permanent ligation and ischaemia-reperfusion are common models for studying myocardial infarction. Here, we summarise the differences between them and outline the strengths of each in addressing distinct questions related to the human condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla De Villiers
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK.,British Heart Foundation Oxbridge Centre of Regenerative Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Paul R Riley
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK .,British Heart Foundation Oxbridge Centre of Regenerative Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK
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20
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Hess A, Nekolla SG, Meier M, Bengel FM, Thackeray JT. Accuracy of cardiac functional parameters measured from gated radionuclide myocardial perfusion imaging in mice. J Nucl Cardiol 2020; 27:1317-1327. [PMID: 31044402 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-019-01713-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Quantitative cardiac contractile function assessment is the primary indicator of disease progression and therapeutic efficacy in small animals. Operator dependency is a major challenge with commonly used echocardiography. Simultaneous assessment of cardiac perfusion and function in nuclear scans would reduce burden on the animal and facilitate longitudinal studies. We evaluated the accuracy of contractile function measurements obtained from electrocardiogram-gated nuclear perfusion imaging compared with anatomic imaging. METHODS AND RESULTS In healthy C57Bl/6N mice (n = 11), 99mTc-sestamibi SPECT and 13N-ammonia PET underestimated left ventricular volumes (23 to 28%, P = 0.02) compared to matched anatomic images, though ejection fraction (LVEF) was comparable (%, SPECT: 73 ± 8 vs CMR: 72 ± 6, P = 0.1). At 1 week after myocardial infarction (n = 13), LV volumes were significantly lower in perfusion images compared to CMR and contrast CT (P = 0.003), and LVEF was modestly overestimated (%, SPECT: 37 ± 8, vs CMR: 27 ± 7, P = 0.003). Nuclear images exhibited good intra- and inter-reader agreement. Perfusion SPECT accurately calculated infarct size compared to histology (r = 0.95, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Cardiac function can be calculated by gated nuclear perfusion imaging in healthy mice. After infarction, perfusion imaging overestimates LVEF, which should be considered for comparison to other modalities. Combined functional and infarct size analysis may optimize imaging protocols and reduce anaesthesia duration for longitudinal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Hess
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Stephan G Nekolla
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Meier
- Imaging Center of the Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Frank M Bengel
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - James T Thackeray
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
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21
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Pan Y, Li Q, Yan H, Huang J, Wang Z. Apela improves cardiac and renal function in mice with acute myocardial infarction. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:10382-10390. [PMID: 32686917 PMCID: PMC7521152 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Apela was recently identified as a new ligand of the apelin peptide jejunum (APJ) receptor. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of apela in post-myocardial infarction (post-MI) recovery from cardiorenal damage. A murine MI model was established, and apela was then infused subcutaneously for two weeks. Echocardiographs were performed before and after infarction at the indicated times. Renal function was evaluated by serum and urine biochemistry. Immunohistochemistry of heart and kidney tissue was performed by in situ terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUPT nick end-labelling reaction. Compared to the control group (MI/vehicle), the average value of the left ventricular ejection fraction in apela-treated mice increased by 32% and 39% at 2- and 4-week post-MI, respectively. The mean levels of serum blood urea nitrogen,creatinine, N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide and 24-hour urine protein were significantly decreased at 4-week post-MI in apela-treated mice relative to that of control animals. At the cellular level, we found that apela treatment significantly reduced myocardial fibrosis and cellular apoptosis in heart and kidney tissue. These data suggest that apela improves cardiac and renal function in mice with acute MI. The peptide may be potential therapeutic agent for heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Pan
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nanjing Chest Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Quanyi Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nanjing Chest Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Hong Yan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nanjing Chest Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Jin Huang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nanjing Chest Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhi Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nanjing Chest Hospital, Nanjing, China
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22
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Gozalo AS, Zerfas PM, Elkins WR, Gieseck RL. Retrospective Study of Intercalated Disk Defects Associated with Dilated Cardiomyopathy, Atrial Thrombosis, and Heart Failure in BALB/c Mice Deficient in IL4 Receptor α. Comp Med 2020; 70:266-276. [PMID: 32384942 PMCID: PMC7287387 DOI: 10.30802/aalas-cm-19-000059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
An increased incidence of dilated cardiomyopathy and atrial thrombosis was noted in a breeding colony of BALB/c mice deficient in IL4 receptor α. The condition affected mice of both sexes and of various ages, and extensive testing (microbiology, serology, histopathology) failed to ascertain the cause. Transmission electron microscopy of heart samples showed structural defects in the myocardial intercalated disks, characterized by unorganized and heavily convoluted arrangement with lower density and less prominent desmosomes and adherens junctions, widening of the intercellular space, myofibrillar lysis adjacent to intercalated disks, occasional sarcomere lysis with marked myofiber degeneration, vacuolation, accumulation of cell debris, and myelin figures. The intercalated disk contains cell adhesion molecules that form cell junctions, allowing contraction coupling of cardiomyocytes and the electrical and mechanical connection between cardiac fibers. Thus, defects at this level result in poor myocardial contraction, intracardiac blood stagnation, and consequently cardiac dilation with clinical signs of heart failure. The background strain or, potentially, the Cre-loxP-mediated recombination system used to create these mice may have contributed to the elevated incidence of cardiomyopathy and atrial thrombosis in this colony. Due to the backcrossing breeding scheme used, we cannot discount the emergence and colonywide dissemination of a spontaneous mutation that affects the intercalated disk. This report underscores the importance of carefully monitoring genetically modified mice colonies for unexpected phenotypes that may result from spontaneous or unintended mutations or enhanced strain background pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso S Gozalo
- Comparative Medicine Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland;,
| | - Patricia M Zerfas
- Pathology Service, Office of Research Services, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - William R Elkins
- Comparative Medicine Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Richard L Gieseck
- Immunopathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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23
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Ma C, Peng P, Zhou Y, Liu T, Wang L, Lu C. MicroRNA‑93 promotes angiogenesis and attenuates remodeling via inactivation of the Hippo/Yap pathway by targeting Lats2 after myocardial infarctionω. Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:483-493. [PMID: 32319642 PMCID: PMC7248469 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Inactivation of the Hippo pathway protects the myocardium from cardiac ischemic injury. MicroRNAs (miRs) have been reported to play pivotal roles in the progression of myocardial infarction (MI). The present study examined whether miR-93 could promote angiogenesis and attenuate remodeling after MI via inactivation of the Hippo/Yes-associated protein (Yap) pathway, by targeting large tumor suppressor kinase 2 (Lats2). It was identified that transfection of human umbilical vein endothelial cells with miR-93 mimic significantly decreased Lats2 expression and Yap phosphorylation, increased cell viability and migration, and attenuated cell apoptosis following hypoxia/reoxygenation injury. Moreover, increased expression of miR-93 resulted in an improvement of cardiac function, promotion of angiogenesis and attenuation of remodeling after MI. Additionally, miR-93 overexpression significantly decreased intracellular adhesion molecule 1 and vascular cell adhesion protein 1 expression levels, as well as attenuated the infiltration of neutrophils and macrophages into the myocardium after MI. Furthermore, it was found that miR-93 overexpression significantly suppressed Lats2 expression and decreased the levels of phosphorylated Yap in the myocardium after MI. Collectively, the present results suggested that miR-93 may exert a protective effect against MI via inactivation of the Hippo/Yap pathway by targeting Lats2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengjie Ma
- Clinical and Research Center of Infectious Disease, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, P.R. China
| | - Peipei Peng
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China
| | - Tianya Liu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, School of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China
| | - Lijuan Wang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, School of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China
| | - Chen Lu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, School of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China
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24
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Rutledge C, Cater G, McMahon B, Guo L, Nouraie SM, Wu Y, Villanueva F, Kaufman BA. Commercial 4-dimensional echocardiography for murine heart volumetric evaluation after myocardial infarction. Cardiovasc Ultrasound 2020; 18:9. [PMID: 32164714 PMCID: PMC7068892 DOI: 10.1186/s12947-020-00191-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traditional preclinical echocardiography (ECHO) modalities, including 1-dimensional motion-mode (M-Mode) and 2-dimensional long axis (2D-US), rely on geometric and temporal assumptions about the heart for volumetric measurements. Surgical animal models, such as the mouse coronary artery ligation (CAL) model of myocardial infarction, result in morphologic changes that do not fit these geometric assumptions. New ECHO technology, including 4-dimensional ultrasound (4D-US), improves on these traditional models. This paper aims to compare commercially available 4D-US to M-mode and 2D-US in a mouse model of CAL. METHODS 37 mice underwent CAL surgery, of which 32 survived to a 4 week post-operative time point. ECHO was completed at baseline, 1 week, and 4 weeks after CAL. M-mode, 2D-US, and 4D-US were taken at each time point and evaluated by two separate echocardiographers. At 4 weeks, a subset (n = 12) of mice underwent cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging to serve as a reference standard. End systolic volume (ESV), end diastolic volume (EDV), and ejection fraction (EF) were compared among imaging modalities. Hearts were also collected for histologic evaluation of scar size (n = 16) and compared to ECHO-derived wall motion severity index (WMSI) and global longitudinal strain as well as gadolinium-enhanced CMR to compare scar assessment modalities. RESULTS 4D-US provides close agreement of ESV (Bias: -2.55%, LOA: - 61.55 to 66.66) and EF (US Bias: 11.23%, LOA - 43.10 to 102.8) 4 weeks after CAL when compared to CMR, outperforming 2D-US and M-mode estimations. 4D-US has lower inter-user variability as measured by intraclass correlation (ICC) in the evaluation of EDV (0.91) and ESV (0.93) when compared to other modalities. 4D-US also allows for rapid assessment of WMSI, which correlates strongly with infarct size by histology (r = 0.77). CONCLUSION 4D-US outperforms M-Mode and 2D-US for volumetric analysis 4 weeks after CAL and has higher inter-user reliability. 4D-US allows for rapid calculation of WMSI, which correlates well with histologic scar size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody Rutledge
- Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - George Cater
- Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Brenda McMahon
- Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Lanping Guo
- Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Seyed Mehdi Nouraie
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yijen Wu
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Flordeliza Villanueva
- Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Brett A Kaufman
- Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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25
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Abstract
Cardiomyocyte apoptosis has been observed in several cardiovascular diseases and contributes to the subsequent cardiac remodeling processes and progression to heart failure. Consequently, apoptosis imaging is helpful for noninvasively detecting the disease progression and providing treatment guidance. Here, we tested 18F-labeled 2-(5-fluoropentyl)-2-methyl-malonic acid (18F-ML-10) and 18F-labeled 2-(3-fluoropropyl)-2-methyl-malonic acid (18F-ML-8) for apoptosis imaging in rat models of myocardial infarction (MI) and compared them with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG). MI was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats by permanent left coronary artery ligation. Procedural success was confirmed by echocardiography and positron emission tomography (PET) imaging with 18F-FDG. In vivo PET imaging with 18F-ML-10 and 18F-ML-8 was performed in the MI models at different time points after operation. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assays and immunohistochemical analyses were used to evaluate myocardial apoptosis. In vitro cell binding assays were performed to validate 18F-ML-8 binding to apoptotic cardiomyocytes. PET imaging demonstrated high 18F-ML-10 and 18F-ML-8 uptake where 18F-FDG uptake was absent. The focal accumulation of the two tracers was high on days 1 and 3 but was not notable on days 5 and 7 after surgery. The infarct-to-lung uptake ratio was 4.29 ± 0.30 for 18F-ML-10 and 3.51 ± 0.18 for 18F-ML-8 (n = 6, analyzed by averaging the uptake ratios on postoperative days 1 and 3, P < 0.05). The TUNEL results showed that myocardial cell apoptosis was closely related to the focal uptake of the apoptotic tracers in the infarct area. In addition, the apoptosis rates calculated from the TUNEL results were better correlated with 18F-ML-8 uptake than with 18F-ML-10 uptake. Ex vivo cell binding assays demonstrated that 18F-ML-8 accumulated in apoptotic cells but not in necrotic or normal cells. PET imaging using 18F-ML-10 or 18F-ML-8 allows the noninvasive detection of myocardial apoptosis in the early phase. In addition, 18F-ML-8 may be better than 18F-ML-10 for apoptosis imaging. We propose that PET imaging with 18F-ML-10 or 18F-ML-8 combined with 18F-FDG is an alternative for detecting and assessing MI.
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26
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Bui CB, Kolodziej M, Lamanna E, Elgass K, Sehgal A, Rudloff I, Schwenke DO, Tsuchimochi H, Kroon MAGM, Cho SX, Maksimenko A, Cholewa M, Berger PJ, Young MJ, Bourke JE, Pearson JT, Nold MF, Nold-Petry CA. Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist Protects Newborn Mice Against Pulmonary Hypertension. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1480. [PMID: 31354700 PMCID: PMC6637286 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension secondary to bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD-PH) represents a major complication of BPD in extremely preterm infants for which there are currently no safe and effective interventions. The abundance of interleukin-1 (IL-1) is strongly correlated with the severity and long-term outcome of BPD infants and we have previously shown that IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) protects against murine BPD; therefore, we hypothesized that IL-1Ra may also be effective against BPD-PH. We employed daily injections of IL-1Ra in a murine model in which BPD/BPD-PH was induced by antenatal LPS and postnatal hyperoxia of 65% O2. Pups reared in hyperoxia for 28 days exhibited a BPD-PH-like disease accompanied by significant changes in pulmonary vascular morphology: micro-CT revealed an 84% reduction in small vessels (4-5 μm diameter) compared to room air controls; this change was prevented by IL-1Ra. Pulmonary vascular resistance, assessed at day 28 of life by echocardiography using the inversely-related surrogate marker time-to-peak-velocity/right ventricular ejection time (TPV/RVET), increased in hyperoxic mice (0.27 compared to 0.32 in air controls), and fell significantly with daily IL-1Ra treatment (0.31). Importantly, in vivo cine-angiography revealed that this protection afforded by IL-1Ra treatment for 28 days is maintained at day 60 of life. Despite an increased abundance of mediators of pulmonary angiogenesis in day 5 lung lysates, namely vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and endothelin-1 (ET-1), no difference was detected in ex vivo pulmonary vascular reactivity between air and hyperoxia mice as measured in precision cut lung slices, or by immunohistochemistry in alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and endothelin receptor type-A (ETA) at day 28. Further, on day 28 of life we observed cardiac fibrosis by Sirius Red staining, which was accompanied by an increase in mRNA expression of galectin-3 and CCL2 (chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2) in whole hearts of hyperoxic pups, which improved with IL-1Ra. In summary, our findings suggest that daily administration of the anti-inflammatory IL-1Ra prevents the increase in pulmonary vascular resistance and the pulmonary dysangiogenesis of murine BPD-PH, thus pointing to IL-1Ra as a promising candidate for the treatment of both BPD and BPD-PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine B Bui
- Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Emma Lamanna
- Department of Pharmacology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Kirstin Elgass
- Monash Micro Imaging, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Arvind Sehgal
- Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Monash Newborn, Monash Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ina Rudloff
- Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Daryl O Schwenke
- Department of Physiology-Heart Otago, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Hirotsugu Tsuchimochi
- Cardiac Physiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Japan
| | - Maurice A G M Kroon
- Department of Pharmacology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Department of Pharmacy, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Steven X Cho
- Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Anton Maksimenko
- Imaging and Medical Beamline, Australian Synchrotron, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Marian Cholewa
- Centre for Innovation and Transfer of Natural Sciences and Engineering Knowledge, University of Rzeszow, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Philip J Berger
- Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Morag J Young
- Centre for Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Jane E Bourke
- Department of Pharmacology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - James T Pearson
- Cardiac Physiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Japan.,Department of Physiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Marcel F Nold
- Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Claudia A Nold-Petry
- Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
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27
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Veldhuizen J, Migrino RQ, Nikkhah M. Three-dimensional microengineered models of human cardiac diseases. J Biol Eng 2019; 13:29. [PMID: 30988697 PMCID: PMC6448321 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-019-0155-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In vitro three-dimensional (3D) microengineered tissue models have been the recent focus of pathophysiological studies, particularly in the field of cardiovascular research. These models, as classified by 3D biomimetic tissues within micrometer-scale platforms, enable precise environmental control on the molecular- and cellular-levels to elucidate biological mechanisms of disease progression and enhance efficacy of therapeutic research. Microengineered models also incorporate directed stem cell differentiation and genome modification techniques that warrant derivation of patient-specific and genetically-edited human cardiac cells for precise recapitulation of diseased tissues. Additionally, integration of added functionalities and/or structures into these models serves to enhance the capability to further extract disease-specific phenotypic, genotypic, and electrophysiological information. This review highlights the recent progress in the development of in vitro 3D microengineered models for study of cardiac-related diseases (denoted as CDs). We will primarily provide a brief overview on currently available 2D assays and animal models for studying of CDs. We will further expand our discussion towards currently available 3D microengineered cardiac tissue models and their implementation for study of specific disease conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaimeson Veldhuizen
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering (SBHSE), Arizona State University, 501 E Tyler Mall Building ECG, Suite 334, Tempe, AZ 85287-9709 USA
| | | | - Mehdi Nikkhah
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering (SBHSE), Arizona State University, 501 E Tyler Mall Building ECG, Suite 334, Tempe, AZ 85287-9709 USA
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28
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Inflammation and fibrosis in murine models of heart failure. Basic Res Cardiol 2019; 114:19. [PMID: 30887214 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-019-0722-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Heart failure is a consequence of various cardiovascular diseases and associated with poor prognosis. Despite progress in the treatment of heart failure in the past decades, prevalence and hospitalisation rates are still increasing. Heart failure is typically associated with cardiac remodelling. Here, inflammation and fibrosis are thought to play crucial roles. During cardiac inflammation, immune cells invade the cardiac tissue and modulate tissue-damaging responses. Cardiac fibrosis, however, is characterised by an increased amount and a disrupted composition of extracellular matrix proteins. As evidence exists that cardiac inflammation and fibrosis are potentially reversible in experimental and clinical set ups, they are interesting targets for innovative heart failure treatments. In this context, animal models are important as they mimic clinical conditions of heart failure patients. The advantages of mice in this respect are short generation times and genetic modifications. As numerous murine models of heart failure exist, the selection of a proper disease model for a distinct research question is demanding. To facilitate this selection, this review aims to provide an overview about the current understanding of the pathogenesis of cardiac inflammation and fibrosis in six frequently used murine models of heart failure. Hence, it compares the models of myocardial infarction with or without reperfusion, transverse aortic constriction, chronic subjection to angiotensin II or deoxycorticosterone acetate, and coxsackievirus B3-induced viral myocarditis in this context. It furthermore provides information about the clinical relevance and the limitations of each model, and, if applicable, about the recent advancements in their methodological proceedings.
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29
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Janssen PML, Elnakish MT. Modeling heart failure in animal models for novel drug discovery and development. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2019; 14:355-363. [PMID: 30861352 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2019.1582636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION When investigating drugs that treat heart diseases, it is critical when choosing an animal model for the said model to produce data that is translatable to the human patient population, while keeping in mind the principles of reduction, refinement, and replacement of the animal model in the research. Areas covered: In this review, the authors focus on mammalian models developed to study the impact of drug treatments on human heart failure. Furthermore, the authors address human patient variability and animal model invariability as well as the considerations that need to be made regarding choice of species. Finally, the authors discuss some of the most common models for the two most prominent human heart failure etiologies; increased load on the heart and myocardial ischemia. Expert opinion: In the authors' opinion, the data generated by drug studies is often heavily impacted by the choice of species and the physiologically relevant conditions under which the data are collected. Approaches that use multiple models and are not restricted to small rodents but involve some verification on larger mammals or on human myocardium, are needed to advance drug discovery for the very large patient population that suffers from heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul M L Janssen
- a Department of Physiology and Cell Biology , The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center , Columbus, OH, USA.,b Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute , The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center , Columbus, OH, USA.,c Department of Internal Medicine , The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center , Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Mohammad T Elnakish
- a Department of Physiology and Cell Biology , The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center , Columbus, OH, USA.,b Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute , The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center , Columbus, OH, USA
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30
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Russo I, Micotti E, Fumagalli F, Magnoli M, Ristagno G, Latini R, Staszewsky L. A novel echocardiographic method closely agrees with cardiac magnetic resonance in the assessment of left ventricular function in infarcted mice. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3580. [PMID: 30837662 PMCID: PMC6400943 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40393-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac Magnetic Resonance (CMR) is the gold standard for left ventricular (LV) function assessment in small rodents and, though echocardiography (ECHO) has been proposed as an alternative method, LV volumes may be underestimated when marked eccentric remodeling is present. In the present study we described a novel echocardiographic method and we tested the agreement with CMR for LV volumes and ejection fraction calculation in mice with experimental myocardial infarction. Sham-operated and infarcted mice, subjected to Coronary Artery Ligation, underwent ECHO and CMR. Volumes and ejection fraction were calculated by ECHO using a standard Simpson’s modified method (ECHO pLAX) or a method from sequential parasternal short axis (ECHO pSAX) acquired mechanically by translating the probe every 1 mm along the left ventricle. The mean differences ±1.96 standard deviation near to zero suggested close agreement between ECHO pSAX and CMR; contrarily ECHO pLAX agreement with CMR was lower. In addition, ECHO was three times shorter and cheaper (Relative cost difference: pLAX: −66% and pSAX −57%) than CMR. In conclusion, ECHO pSAX is a new, fast, cheap and accurate method for LV function assessment in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Russo
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research IRCCS, Milan, Italy.
| | - Edoardo Micotti
- Department of Neuroscience, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Fumagalli
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Michela Magnoli
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ristagno
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Latini
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Lidia Staszewsky
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research IRCCS, Milan, Italy
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31
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Hay M, Polt R, Heien ML, Vanderah TW, Largent-Milnes TM, Rodgers K, Falk T, Bartlett MJ, Doyle KP, Konhilas JP. A Novel Angiotensin-(1-7) Glycosylated Mas Receptor Agonist for Treating Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Inflammation-Related Memory Dysfunction. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2019; 369:9-25. [PMID: 30709867 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.118.254854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates that decreased brain blood flow, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and proinflammatory mechanisms accelerate neurodegenerative disease progression such as that seen in vascular contributions to cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID) and Alzheimer's disease and related dementias. There is a critical clinical need for safe and effective therapies for the treatment and prevention of cognitive impairment known to occur in patients with VCID and chronic inflammatory diseases such as heart failure (HF), hypertension, and diabetes. This study used our mouse model of VCID/HF to test our novel glycosylated angiotensin-(1-7) peptide Ang-1-6-O-Ser-Glc-NH2 (PNA5) as a therapy to treat VCID and to investigate circulating inflammatory biomarkers that may be involved. We demonstrate that PNA5 has greater brain penetration compared with the native angiotensin-(1-7) peptide. Moreover, after treatment with 1.0/mg/kg, s.c., for 21 days, PNA5 exhibits up to 10 days of sustained cognitive protective effects in our VCID/HF mice that last beyond the peptide half-life. PNA5 reversed object recognition impairment in VCID/HF mice and rescued spatial memory impairment. PNA5 activation of the Mas receptor results in a dose-dependent inhibition of ROS in human endothelial cells. Last, PNA5 treatment decreased VCID/HF-induced activation of brain microglia/macrophages and inhibited circulating tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin (IL)-7, and granulocyte cell-stimulating factor serum levels while increasing that of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. These results suggest that PNA5 is an excellent candidate and "first-in-class" therapy for treating VCID and other inflammation-related brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meredith Hay
- Departments of Physiology (M.H., J.P.K.), Chemistry and Biochemistry (R.P., M.L.H.), Pharmacology (T.W.V., T.M.L.-M., K.R., T.F., M.J.B.), Neurology (T.F., M.J.B.), and Immunobiology (K.P.D.), Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute (M.H.), Sarver Heart Center (M.H., J.P.K.), and Center for Innovation in Brain Science (M.H., T.W.V., K.R.), University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Robin Polt
- Departments of Physiology (M.H., J.P.K.), Chemistry and Biochemistry (R.P., M.L.H.), Pharmacology (T.W.V., T.M.L.-M., K.R., T.F., M.J.B.), Neurology (T.F., M.J.B.), and Immunobiology (K.P.D.), Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute (M.H.), Sarver Heart Center (M.H., J.P.K.), and Center for Innovation in Brain Science (M.H., T.W.V., K.R.), University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Michael L Heien
- Departments of Physiology (M.H., J.P.K.), Chemistry and Biochemistry (R.P., M.L.H.), Pharmacology (T.W.V., T.M.L.-M., K.R., T.F., M.J.B.), Neurology (T.F., M.J.B.), and Immunobiology (K.P.D.), Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute (M.H.), Sarver Heart Center (M.H., J.P.K.), and Center for Innovation in Brain Science (M.H., T.W.V., K.R.), University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Todd W Vanderah
- Departments of Physiology (M.H., J.P.K.), Chemistry and Biochemistry (R.P., M.L.H.), Pharmacology (T.W.V., T.M.L.-M., K.R., T.F., M.J.B.), Neurology (T.F., M.J.B.), and Immunobiology (K.P.D.), Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute (M.H.), Sarver Heart Center (M.H., J.P.K.), and Center for Innovation in Brain Science (M.H., T.W.V., K.R.), University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Tally M Largent-Milnes
- Departments of Physiology (M.H., J.P.K.), Chemistry and Biochemistry (R.P., M.L.H.), Pharmacology (T.W.V., T.M.L.-M., K.R., T.F., M.J.B.), Neurology (T.F., M.J.B.), and Immunobiology (K.P.D.), Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute (M.H.), Sarver Heart Center (M.H., J.P.K.), and Center for Innovation in Brain Science (M.H., T.W.V., K.R.), University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Kathleen Rodgers
- Departments of Physiology (M.H., J.P.K.), Chemistry and Biochemistry (R.P., M.L.H.), Pharmacology (T.W.V., T.M.L.-M., K.R., T.F., M.J.B.), Neurology (T.F., M.J.B.), and Immunobiology (K.P.D.), Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute (M.H.), Sarver Heart Center (M.H., J.P.K.), and Center for Innovation in Brain Science (M.H., T.W.V., K.R.), University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Torsten Falk
- Departments of Physiology (M.H., J.P.K.), Chemistry and Biochemistry (R.P., M.L.H.), Pharmacology (T.W.V., T.M.L.-M., K.R., T.F., M.J.B.), Neurology (T.F., M.J.B.), and Immunobiology (K.P.D.), Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute (M.H.), Sarver Heart Center (M.H., J.P.K.), and Center for Innovation in Brain Science (M.H., T.W.V., K.R.), University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Mitchell J Bartlett
- Departments of Physiology (M.H., J.P.K.), Chemistry and Biochemistry (R.P., M.L.H.), Pharmacology (T.W.V., T.M.L.-M., K.R., T.F., M.J.B.), Neurology (T.F., M.J.B.), and Immunobiology (K.P.D.), Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute (M.H.), Sarver Heart Center (M.H., J.P.K.), and Center for Innovation in Brain Science (M.H., T.W.V., K.R.), University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Kristian P Doyle
- Departments of Physiology (M.H., J.P.K.), Chemistry and Biochemistry (R.P., M.L.H.), Pharmacology (T.W.V., T.M.L.-M., K.R., T.F., M.J.B.), Neurology (T.F., M.J.B.), and Immunobiology (K.P.D.), Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute (M.H.), Sarver Heart Center (M.H., J.P.K.), and Center for Innovation in Brain Science (M.H., T.W.V., K.R.), University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - John P Konhilas
- Departments of Physiology (M.H., J.P.K.), Chemistry and Biochemistry (R.P., M.L.H.), Pharmacology (T.W.V., T.M.L.-M., K.R., T.F., M.J.B.), Neurology (T.F., M.J.B.), and Immunobiology (K.P.D.), Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute (M.H.), Sarver Heart Center (M.H., J.P.K.), and Center for Innovation in Brain Science (M.H., T.W.V., K.R.), University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
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Kain D, Simon AJ, Greenberg A, Ben Zvi D, Gilburd B, Schneiderman J. Cardiac leptin overexpression in the context of acute MI and reperfusion potentiates myocardial remodeling and left ventricular dysfunction. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0203902. [PMID: 30312306 PMCID: PMC6193573 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0203902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute MI induces leptin expression in the heart, however the role of myocardial leptin in cardiac ischemia and reperfusion (IR) remains unknown. To shed light on the effects of elevated levels of leptin in the myocardium, we overexpressed cardiac leptin and assessed local remodeling and myocardial function in this context. METHODS AND RESULTS Cardiac leptin overexpression was stimulated in mice undergoing IR by a single intraperitoneal injection of leptin antagonist (LepA). All mice exhibited a normal pattern of body weight gain. A rapid, long-term upregulation of leptin mRNA was demonstrated in the heart, adipose, and liver tissues in IR/LepA-treated mice. Overexpressed cardiac leptin mRNA extended beyond postoperative day (POD) 30. Plasma leptin peaked 7.5 hours postoperatively, especially in IR/LepA-treated mice, subsiding to normal levels by 24 hours. On POD-30 IR/LepA-treated mice demonstrated cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and perivascular fibrosis compared to IR/saline controls. Echocardiography on POD-30 demonstrated eccentric hypertrophy and systolic dysfunction in IR/LepA. We recorded reductions in Ejection Fraction (p<0.001), Fraction Shortening (p<0.01), and Endocardial Fraction Area Change (p<0.01), and an increase in Endocardial Area Change (p<0.01). Myocardial remodeling in the context of IR and cardiac leptin overexpression was associated with increased cardiac TGFβ ligand expression, activated Smad2, and downregulation of STAT3 activity. CONCLUSIONS Cardiac IR coinciding with increased myocardial leptin synthesis promotes cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and fibrosis and potentiates myocardial dysfunction. Plasma leptin levels do not reflect cardiac leptin synthesis, and may not predict leptin-related cardiovascular morbidity. Targeting cardiac leptin is a potential treatment for cardiac IR damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Kain
- Department of Neurobiology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Amos J. Simon
- Cancer Research and Institute of Hematology, Sheba Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Avraham Greenberg
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, The institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University-Hadassah medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Danny Ben Zvi
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, The institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University-Hadassah medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Boris Gilburd
- Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Jacob Schneiderman
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Sheba Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Isreal
- * E-mail: ,
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Mukaddim RA, Rodgers A, Hacker TA, Heinmiller A, Varghese T. Real-Time in Vivo Photoacoustic Imaging in the Assessment of Myocardial Dynamics in Murine Model of Myocardial Ischemia. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2018; 44:2155-2164. [PMID: 30064849 PMCID: PMC6135705 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2018.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Photoacoustic imaging (PAI) is an evolving real-time imaging modality that combines the higher contrast of optical imaging with the higher spatial resolution of ultrasound imaging. We utilized dual-wavelength PAI for the diagnosis and monitoring of myocardial ischemia by assessing variations in blood oxygen saturation estimated in a murine model. The use of high-frequency ultrasound in conjunction with PAI enabled imaging of anatomic and functional changes associated with ischemia. Myocardial ischemia was established in eight mice by ligating the left anterior descending artery (LAD). Longitudinal results reveal that PAI is sensitive to acute myocardial ischemia, with a rapid decline in blood oxygen saturation (p ˂ 0.001) observed after LAD ligation (30 min: 33.05 ± 6.80%, 80 min: 36.59 ± 5.22%, 120 min: 36.70 ± 9.46%, 24 h: 40.55 ± 13.04%) compared with baseline (87.83 ± 5.73%). Variation in blood oxygen saturation was found to be linearly correlated with ejection fraction (%), fractional shortening (%) and stroke volume (µL), with Pearson's correlation coefficient values of 0.66, 0.67 and 0.77, respectively (p ˂ 0.001). Our results indicate that PAI has the potential for real-time diagnosis and monitoring of acute myocardial ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashid Al Mukaddim
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Allison Rodgers
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Timothy A Hacker
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | | | - Tomy Varghese
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA; Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
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Cerebral blood flow alteration following acute myocardial infarction in mice. Biosci Rep 2018; 38:BSR20180382. [PMID: 30061176 PMCID: PMC6123068 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20180382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart failure is associated with low cardiac output (CO) and low brain perfusion that imposes a significant risk for accelerated brain ageing and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) development. Although clinical heart failure can emerge several years following acute myocardial infarction (AMI), the impact of AMI on cerebral blood flow (CBF) at early stages and up to 30 days following MI is unknown. Sixteen months old male mice underwent left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery ligation. Hemodynamics analyses were performed at baseline and at days 1, 7, and 30 post-MI. Left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (EF), LV volumes, CO, and right common carotid artery (RCCA) diameter were recorded by echocardiography. RCCA flow (RCCA FL) was measured by Doppler echocardiography. LV volumes consistently increased (P<0.0012) and LV systolic function progressively deteriorated (P<0.0001) post-MI. CO and RCCA FL showed a moderate but significant decrease over the course of MI with similar fluctuation pattern such that both variables were decreased at day 1, increased at day 7, and decreased at 30 days post-MI. Correlation and regression analyses between CO and RCCA FL showed a strong correlation with significance at baseline and day 30 post-MI (R = 0.71, P=0.03, and R = 0.72, P=0.03, respectively). Days 1 and 7 analyses between CO and RCCA FL showed moderate correlation with non-significance post-MI (R = 0.51, P=0.2, and R = 0.56, P=0.12, respectively). In summary, CBF significantly decreased following AMI and remained significantly decreased for up to 30 days, suggesting a potential risk for brain damage that could contribute to cognitive dysfunction later in life.
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35
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Feng Y, Hemmeryckx B, Frederix L, Lox M, Wu J, Heggermont W, Lu HR, Gallacher D, Oyen R, Lijnen HR, Ni Y. Monitoring reperfused myocardial infarction with delayed left ventricular systolic dysfunction in rabbits by longitudinal imaging. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2018; 8:754-769. [PMID: 30306056 DOI: 10.21037/qims.2018.09.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Background An experimental imaging platform for longitudinal monitoring and evaluation of cardiac morphology-function changes has been long desired. We sought to establish such a platform by using a rabbit model of reperfused myocardial infarction (MI) that develops chronic left ventricle systolic dysfunction (LVSD) within 7 weeks. Methods Fifty-five New Zeeland white (NZW) rabbits received sham-operated or 60-min left circumflex coronary artery (LCx) ligation followed by reperfusion. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (cMRI), transthoracic echocardiography (echo), and blood samples were collected at baseline, in acute (48 hours or 1 week) and chronic (7 weeks) stage subsequent to MI for in vivo assessment of infarct size, cardiac morphology, LV function, and myocardial enzymes. Seven weeks post MI, animals were sacrificed and heart tissues were processed for histopathological staining. Results The success rate of surgical operation was 87.27%. The animal mortality rates were 12.7% and 3.6% both in acute and chronic stage separately. Serum levels of the myocardial enzyme cardiac Troponin T (cTnT) were significantly increased in MI rabbits as compared with sham animals after 4 hours of operation (P<0.05). According to cardiac morphology and function changes, 4 groups could be distinguished: sham rabbits (n=12), and MI rabbits with no (MI_NO_LVSD; n=10), moderate (MI_M_LVSD; n=9) and severe (MI_S_LVSD; n=15) LVSD. No significant differences in cardiac function or wall thickening between sham and MI_NO_LVSD rabbits were observed at both stages using both cMRI and echo methods. cMRI data showed that MI_M_LVSD rabbits exhibited a reduction of ejection fraction (EF) and an increase in end-systolic volume (ESV) at the acute phase, while at the chronic stage these parameters did not change further. Moreover, in MI_S_LVSD animals, these observations were more striking at the acute stage followed by a further decline in EF and increase in ESV at the chronic stage. Lateral wall thickening determined by cMRI was significantly decreased in MI_M_LVSD versus MI_NO_LVSD animals at both stages (P<0.05). As for MI_S_LVSD versus MI_M_LVSD rabbits, the thickening of anterior, inferior and lateral walls was significantly more decreased at both stages (P<0.05). Echo confirmed the findings of cMRI. Furthermore, these in vivo outcomes including those from vivid cine cMRI could be supported by exactly matched ex vivo histomorphological evidences. Conclusions Our findings indicate that chronic LVSD developed over time after surgery-induced MI in rabbits can be longitudinally evaluated using non-invasive imaging techniques and confirmed by the entire-heart-slice histomorphology. This experimental LVSD platform in rabbits may interest researchers in the field of experimental cardiology and help strengthen drug development and translational research for the management of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanbo Feng
- Radiology, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bianca Hemmeryckx
- Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Liesbeth Frederix
- Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marleen Lox
- Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jun Wu
- Ultrasound Diagnostic department, the second affiliated hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116000, China
| | - Ward Heggermont
- Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hua Rong Lu
- Translational Sciences, Safety Pharmacology Research, Janssen Research & Development, Janssen Pharmaceutical NV, Beerse, Belgium
| | - David Gallacher
- Translational Sciences, Safety Pharmacology Research, Janssen Research & Development, Janssen Pharmaceutical NV, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Raymond Oyen
- Radiology, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - H Roger Lijnen
- Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Yicheng Ni
- Radiology, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Bøtker HE, Hausenloy D, Andreadou I, Antonucci S, Boengler K, Davidson SM, Deshwal S, Devaux Y, Di Lisa F, Di Sante M, Efentakis P, Femminò S, García-Dorado D, Giricz Z, Ibanez B, Iliodromitis E, Kaludercic N, Kleinbongard P, Neuhäuser M, Ovize M, Pagliaro P, Rahbek-Schmidt M, Ruiz-Meana M, Schlüter KD, Schulz R, Skyschally A, Wilder C, Yellon DM, Ferdinandy P, Heusch G. Practical guidelines for rigor and reproducibility in preclinical and clinical studies on cardioprotection. Basic Res Cardiol 2018; 113:39. [PMID: 30120595 PMCID: PMC6105267 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-018-0696-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 304] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hans Erik Bøtker
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle-Juul Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark.
| | - Derek Hausenloy
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, 67 Chenies Mews, London, WC1E 6HX, UK
- The National Institute of Health Research, University College London Hospitals Biomedial Research Centre, Research and Development, London, UK
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Yon Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Ioanna Andreadou
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Salvatore Antonucci
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, CNR Institute of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35121, Padua, Italy
| | - Kerstin Boengler
- Institute for Physiology, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Sean M Davidson
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, 67 Chenies Mews, London, WC1E 6HX, UK
| | - Soni Deshwal
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, CNR Institute of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35121, Padua, Italy
| | - Yvan Devaux
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Fabio Di Lisa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, CNR Institute of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35121, Padua, Italy
| | - Moises Di Sante
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, CNR Institute of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35121, Padua, Italy
| | - Panagiotis Efentakis
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Saveria Femminò
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - David García-Dorado
- Experimental Cardiology, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Pg. Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Zoltán Giricz
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Borja Ibanez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain
| | - Efstathios Iliodromitis
- Second Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Attikon University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Nina Kaludercic
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, CNR Institute of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35121, Padua, Italy
| | - Petra Kleinbongard
- Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University of Essen Medical School, Essen, Germany
| | - Markus Neuhäuser
- Department of Mathematics and Technology, Koblenz University of Applied Science, Remagen, Germany
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry, and Epidemiology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Michel Ovize
- Explorations Fonctionnelles Cardiovasculaires, Hôpital Louis Pradel, Lyon, France
- UMR, 1060 (CarMeN), Université Claude Bernard, Lyon1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Pasquale Pagliaro
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Michael Rahbek-Schmidt
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle-Juul Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Marisol Ruiz-Meana
- Experimental Cardiology, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Pg. Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Rainer Schulz
- Institute for Physiology, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Andreas Skyschally
- Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University of Essen Medical School, Essen, Germany
| | - Catherine Wilder
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, 67 Chenies Mews, London, WC1E 6HX, UK
| | - Derek M Yellon
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, 67 Chenies Mews, London, WC1E 6HX, UK
| | - Peter Ferdinandy
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gerd Heusch
- Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University of Essen Medical School, Essen, Germany.
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Patel NH, Johannesen J, Shah K, Goswami SK, Patel NJ, Ponnalagu D, Kohut AR, Singh H. Inhibition of BK Ca negatively alters cardiovascular function. Physiol Rep 2018; 6:e13748. [PMID: 29932499 PMCID: PMC6014461 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Large conductance calcium and voltage-activated potassium channels (BKCa ) are transmembrane proteins, ubiquitously expressed in the majority of organs, and play an active role in regulating cellular physiology. In the heart, BKCa channels are known to play a role in regulating the heart rate and protect it from ischemia-reperfusion injury. In vascular smooth muscle cells, the opening of BKCa channels results in membrane hyperpolarization which eventually results in vasodilation mediated by a reduction in Ca2+ influx due to the closure of voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels. Ex vivo studies have shown that BKCa channels play an active role in the regulation of the function of the majority of blood vessels. However, in vivo role of BKCa channels in cardiovascular function is not completely deciphered. Here, we have evaluated the rapid in vivo role of BKCa channels in regulating the cardiovascular function by using two well-established, rapid-acting, potent blockers, paxilline and iberiotoxin. Our results show that BKCa channels are actively involved in regulating the heart rate, the function of the left and right heart as well as major vessels. We also found that the effect on BKCa channels by blockers is completely reversible, and hence, BKCa channels can be exploited as potential targets for clinical applications for modulating heart rate and cardiac contractility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishi H. Patel
- Department of Internal MedicineDrexel University College of MedicinePhiladelphiaPennsylvania
| | - Justin Johannesen
- Department of Internal MedicineDrexel University College of MedicinePhiladelphiaPennsylvania
| | - Kajol Shah
- Department of Pharmacology and PhysiologyDrexel University College of MedicinePhiladelphiaPennsylvania
| | - Sumanta K. Goswami
- Department of Pharmacology and PhysiologyDrexel University College of MedicinePhiladelphiaPennsylvania
| | - Neel J. Patel
- Department of Internal MedicineDrexel University College of MedicinePhiladelphiaPennsylvania
| | - Devasena Ponnalagu
- Department of Pharmacology and PhysiologyDrexel University College of MedicinePhiladelphiaPennsylvania
| | - Andrew R. Kohut
- Penn Heart and Vascular CenterUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvania
| | - Harpreet Singh
- Department of Pharmacology and PhysiologyDrexel University College of MedicinePhiladelphiaPennsylvania
- Division of CardiologyDrexel University College of MedicinePhiladelphiaPennsylvania
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Donner DG, Kiriazis H, Du XJ, Marwick TH, McMullen JR. Improving the quality of preclinical research echocardiography: observations, training, and guidelines for measurement. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2018; 315:H58-H70. [PMID: 29677464 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00157.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Informal training in preclinical research may be a contributor to the poor reproducibility of preclinical cardiology research and low rates of translation into clinical research and practice. Mouse echocardiography is a widely used technique to assess cardiac structure and function in drug intervention studies using disease models. The interobserver variability of clinical echocardiographic measurements has been shown to improve with formalized training, but preclinical echocardiography lacks similarly critical standardization of training. The aims of this investigation were to assess the interobserver variability of echocardiographic measurements from studies in mice and address any technical impediments to reproducibility by implementing standardized guidelines through formalized training. In this prospective, single-site, observational cohort study, 13 scientists performing preclinical echocardiographic image analysis were assessed for measurement of short-axis M-mode-derived dimensions and calculated left ventricular (LV) mass. Ten M-mode images of mouse hearts acquired and analyzed by an expert researcher with a spectrum of LV mass were selected for assessment and validated by autopsy weight. After the initial observation, a structured formal training program was introduced, and accuracy and reproducibility were reevaluated. Mean absolute percentage error for expert-calculated LV mass was 6 ± 4% compared with autopsy LV mass and 25 ± 21% for participants before training. Standardized formal training improved participant mean absolute percentage error by ~30% relative to expert-calculated LV mass ( P < 0.001). Participants initially categorized with high-range error (25-45%) improved to low-moderate error ranges (<15-25%). This report reveals an example of technical skill training insufficiency likely endemic to preclinical research and provides validated guidelines for echocardiographic measurement for adaptation to formalized in-training programs. NEW & NOTEWORTHY The informal training common to academic/research institutions may be a contributor to the relatively poor reproducibility observed for preclinical cardiac research. In our observation of echocardiography analysis in murine models, we present evidence of moderate interobserver variability in standard preclinical research practice at an Australian heart research institute. These observations give rise to our recommendations for practical guidelines for echocardiography analysis in an adaptable approach to general preclinical research skill training. Listen to this article's corresponding podcast at https://ajpheart.podbean.com/e/preclinical-echocardiography-training-and-guidelines/ .
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel G Donner
- Experimental Cardiology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute , Melbourne, Victoria , Australia
| | - Helen Kiriazis
- Experimental Cardiology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute , Melbourne, Victoria , Australia
| | - Xiao-Jun Du
- Experimental Cardiology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute , Melbourne, Victoria , Australia
| | - Thomas H Marwick
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute , Melbourne, Victoria , Australia
| | - Julie R McMullen
- Cardiac Hypertrophy Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute , Melbourne, Victoria , Australia
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39
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Sun Y, Jiang C, Jiang J, Qiu L. Dexmedetomidine protects mice against myocardium ischaemic/reperfusion injury by activating an AMPK/PI3K/Akt/eNOS pathway. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2018; 44:946-953. [PMID: 28556946 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Acute myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion (MIR) injury leads to severe arrhythmias and has a high rate of lethality. In the present study, we aim to determine the effect of dexmedetomidine (Dex) on heart injury parameters following MIR surgery. We examined the effects of Dex on heart function parameters and infarct size following MIR surgery. Proinflammatory cytokines, oxidative products and anti-oxidative enzymes in the myocardium were measured to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects of Dex. The role of the adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/phosphatidylino-sitol 3-kinase (PI3k)/Akt/endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) pathway was investigated using their inhibitors. The alteration of haemodynamic parameters, histopathological results, and infarct size caused by MIR was attenuated by Dex. The interleukine-1 beta (IL-1β), IL-6, tumour necrosis factor-a (TNF-α) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) were all significantly decreased. Anti-oxidative enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were restored by Dex. Oxidative products8-OHdG, MDA and protein carbonyl were all decreased by Dex (P<.05). Dex activated AMPK expression, eNOS and Akt phosphorylation. The influence of Dex on cardiac function was reversed by the inhibitors of the eNOS, AMPK and PI3K/Akt pathways. These results indicate that Dex protected the cardiac functional, histological changes, inflammation and oxidative stress induced by MIR. Our results present a novel signalling mechanism that Dex protects MIR injury by activating an AMPK/PI3K/Akt/eNOS pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun Sun
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chuan Jiang
- Institute of Pediatric Translational Medicine, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Jiang
- Institute of Pediatric Translational Medicine, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lisheng Qiu
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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40
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Giam B, Kuruppu S, Chu PY, Smith AI, Marques FZ, Fiedler A, Horlock D, Kiriazis H, Du XJ, Kaye DM, Rajapakse NW. N-Acetylcysteine Attenuates the Development of Renal Fibrosis in Transgenic Mice with Dilated Cardiomyopathy. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17718. [PMID: 29255249 PMCID: PMC5735149 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17927-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms underlying the renal pathology in cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) type 2 remain elusive. We hypothesised that renal glutathione deficiency is central to the development of CRS type 2. Glutathione precursor, N-acetylcysteine (NAC;40 mg/kg/day; 8 weeks) or saline were administered to transgenic mice with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and wild-type (WT) controls. Cardiac structure, function and glutathione levels were assessed at the end of this protocol. Renal fibrosis, glutathione content, expression of inflammatory and fibrotic markers, and function were also evaluated. In both genotypes, NAC had minimal effect on cardiac glutathione, structure and function (P ≥ 0.20). In NAC treated DCM mice, loss of glomerular filtration rate (GFR), tubulointerstitial and glomerular fibrosis and renal oxidised glutathione levels were attenuated by 38%, 99%, 70% and 52% respectively, compared to saline treated DCM mice (P ≤ 0.01). Renal expression of PAI-1 was greater in saline treated DCM mice than in WT mice (P < 0.05). Renal PAI-1 expression was less in NAC treated DCM mice than in vehicle treated DCM mice (P = 0.03). Renal IL-10 expression was greater in the former cohort compared to the latter (P < 0.01). These data indicate that normalisation of renal oxidized glutathione levels attenuates PAI-1 expression and renal inflammation preventing loss of GFR in experimental DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beverly Giam
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia. .,Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Sanjaya Kuruppu
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Po-Yin Chu
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - A Ian Smith
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Francine Z Marques
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - April Fiedler
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Duncan Horlock
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Helen Kiriazis
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Xiao-Jun Du
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - David M Kaye
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Niwanthi W Rajapakse
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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41
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Alvarez E, Dalton ND, Gu Y, Smith D, Luong A, Hoshijima M, Peterson KL, Rychak J. A novel method for quantitative myocardial contrast echocardiography in mice. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2017; 314:H370-H379. [PMID: 29127239 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00568.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The small size of the mouse heart frequently imparts technical challenges when applying conventional in vivo imaging methods for assessing heart function. Here, we describe the use of high-frequency ultrasound imaging in conjunction with a size-tuned blood pool contrast agent for quantitatively assessing myocardial perfusion in living mice. A perflurocarbon microbubble formulation exhibiting a narrow size distribution was developed, and echogenicity was assessed at 18 MHz in vitro. Adult mice were subjected to permanent ligation of the left anterior descending artery. Ultrasound imaging was performed on day 7, and a cohort of intact mice was used as a control. Parasternal long-axis cine clips were acquired at 18 MHz before and after contrast administration. Reduced ejection fraction and increased end-systolic volume were observed in infarcted compared with control mice. In control animals, washin of the contrast agent was visible in all myocardial segments. Reduced contrast enhancement was observed in apical-posterolateral regions of all infarcted mice. A novel method for reslicing of the imaging data through the time domain provided a two-dimensional presentation of regional contrast agent washin, enabling convenient identification of locations exhibiting altered perfusion. Myocardial segments exhibiting diminished contractility were observed to have correspondingly low relative myocardial perfusion. The contrast agent formulation and methods demonstrated here provide the basis for simplifying routine in vivo estimation of infarct size in mice and may be particularly useful in longitudinal evaluation of revascularization interventions and assessment of peri-infarct ischemia. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Murine myocardial contrast echocardiography frequently suffers from poor sensitivity to contrast. Here, we formulated a novel size-tuned microbubble contrast agent and validated it for use with ultra-high-frequency ultrasound. A novel data method for evaluating myocardial perfusion based on reslicing the imaging data through the time domain is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Alvarez
- Department of Medicine, University of California , San Diego, California
| | - N D Dalton
- Department of Medicine, University of California , San Diego, California
| | - Y Gu
- Department of Medicine, University of California , San Diego, California
| | - D Smith
- Targeson, Incorporated, San Diego, California
| | - A Luong
- Targeson, Incorporated, San Diego, California
| | - M Hoshijima
- Department of Medicine, University of California , San Diego, California
| | - K L Peterson
- Department of Medicine, University of California , San Diego, California
| | - J Rychak
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California , San Diego, California.,Targeson, Incorporated, San Diego, California
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Ribeiro AA, Amorim RP, Palomino ZJ, de Paula Lima M, Moraes-Silva IC, Souza LE, Pesquero JL, Irigoyen MC, Casarini DE. (Pro)renin receptor expression in myocardial infarction in transgenic mice expressing rat tonin. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 108:817-825. [PMID: 29102794 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.10.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The (pro)renin receptor [(P)RR] has been implicated as a renin/prorenin receptor, and plays a role in local renin angiotensin system activation. Our goal was to investigate whether a transgenic mouse that expresses rat tonin [TGM'(rTon)] can regulate (P)RR mRNA levels. Control (C) and TGM'(rTon) animals were subdivided into the C sham, C MI, TGM'(rTon) sham, and TGM'(rTon) MI groups. The levels of tonin, (P)RR, and renin were determined using RT-PCR mRNA. Tonin activity as determined by RIE was significantly increased in the TGM'(rTon) sham group as compared to the C sham group in the atrium (AT) and right ventricle (RV), respectively. In most mice, tonin mRNA levels were significantly reduced compared to those in the TGM'(rTon) sham group in the atria. In this structure, the (P)RR mRNA levels were statistically significantly reduced in the TGM'(rTon) sham and TGM'(rTon) MI groups compared to the control groups. However, the (P)RR mRNA values were significantly increased when we compared the TGM'(rTon) MI vs TGM'(rTon) sham groups. In the RV, the renin mRNA levels in the TGM'(rTon) sham group were significantly reduced compared to the C sham group. Tonin overexpression may act in the regulation of (P)RR mRNA levels during MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda A Ribeiro
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Rebeca Padrao Amorim
- Experimental Neurology Division, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Brazil, Brazil.
| | - Zaira J Palomino
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | - Jorge Luiz Pesquero
- Department of Biophisics, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil, Brazil.
| | | | - Dulce E Casarini
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Brazil.
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43
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Leach JP, Heallen T, Zhang M, Rahmani M, Morikawa Y, Hill MC, Segura A, Willerson JT, Martin JF. Hippo pathway deficiency reverses systolic heart failure after infarction. Nature 2017; 550:260-264. [PMID: 28976966 PMCID: PMC5729743 DOI: 10.1038/nature24045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 301] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian organs vary widely in regenerative capacity. Poorly regenerative organs, such as the heart are particularly vulnerable to organ failure. Once established, heart failure (HF) commonly results in mortality1. The Hippo pathway, a kinase cascade that prevents adult cardiomyocyte proliferation and regeneration2, is upregulated in human HF. We show that deletion of the Hippo pathway component Salvador (Salv) in mouse hearts with established ischemic HF after myocardial infarction (MI) induced a reparative genetic program with increased scar border vascularity, reduced fibrosis, and recovery of pumping function compared to controls. Using TRAP (translating ribosomal affinity purification), we isolated cardiomyocyte specific translating mRNA. Hippo deficient cardiomyocytes had increased expression of proliferative genes and stress response genes, such as the mitochondrial quality control (MQC) gene, Park2. Genetic studies indicated that Park2 was essential for heart repair suggesting a requirement for MQC in regenerating myocardium. Gene therapy with a virus encoding Salv shRNA improved heart function when delivered at the time of infarct or after ischemic HF post-MI was established. Our findings indicate that the failing heart has a previously unrecognized reparative capacity involving more than cardiomyocyte renewal.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P Leach
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Todd Heallen
- The Texas Heart Institute, 6770 Bertner Avenue, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.,Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Mahdis Rahmani
- The Texas Heart Institute, 6770 Bertner Avenue, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Yuka Morikawa
- The Texas Heart Institute, 6770 Bertner Avenue, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Matthew C Hill
- Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Ana Segura
- The Texas Heart Institute, 6770 Bertner Avenue, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - James T Willerson
- The Texas Heart Institute, 6770 Bertner Avenue, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - James F Martin
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.,The Texas Heart Institute, 6770 Bertner Avenue, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.,Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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44
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Li J, Xiang X, Gong X, Shi Y, Yang J, Xu Z. Cilostazol protects mice against myocardium ischemic/reperfusion injury by activating a PPARγ/JAK2/STAT3 pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 94:995-1001. [PMID: 28810537 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.07.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MIR) injury causes severe arrhythmias and a high lethality. The present study is designed to investigate the effect of cilostazol on MIR injury and the underlying mechaism. We measured the effects of cilostazol on heart function parameters in a mouse model of MIR. Proinflammatory cytokines and apoptosis proteins in the myocardium were examined to investigate the anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptosis ability of cilostazol. The participation of PPARγ/JAK2/STAT3 pathway was investigated. Results showed that the impairment of hemodynamic parameters caused by MIR was attenuated by cilostazol. The IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-a levels were all decreased by cilostazol. Cilostazol also significantly inhibited Bax and cleaved caspase-3 levels and restored the Bcl-2 levels. PPARγ, JAK2 and STAT3 were all activated by cilostazol. Treatment of inhibitors of them abolished the protective effects of cilostazol on cardiac function, myocardial inflammation and apoptosis. In summary, cilostazol alleviated the cardiac function impairment, myocardial inflammation and apoptosis induced by MIR. The results present a novel signaling mechanism that cilostazol protects MIR injury by activating a PPARγ/JAK2/STAT3 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangjin Li
- Department of Cardiology, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu, PR China.
| | - Xiaoli Xiang
- Department of Nephrology, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xiaoxuan Gong
- Department of Cardiology, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yafei Shi
- Department of Cardiology, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Zuo Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu, PR China
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45
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Cardiovascular susceptibility to in vivo ischemic myocardial injury in male and female rat offspring exposed to prenatal hypoxia. Clin Sci (Lond) 2017; 131:2303-2317. [DOI: 10.1042/cs20171122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) following prenatal hypoxia exposure leads to a higher risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD) in later life. Our aim was to evaluate cardiac susceptibility and its pathophysiological mechanisms following acute myocardial infarction (MI) in adult rat offspring exposed to prenatal hypoxia. Male and female rat offspring, which experienced normoxia (21% O2) or hypoxia (11% O2) in utero underwent sham or MI surgery at 12 weeks of age. Echocardiographic data revealed that both sexes had systolic dysfunction following MI surgery, independent of prenatal hypoxia. Male offspring exposed to prenatal hypoxia, however, had left ventricular dilatation, global dysfunction, and signs of diastolic dysfunction following MI surgery as evident by increased left ventricular internal diameter (LVID) during diastole (MI effect, P<0.01), Tei index (MI effect, P<0.001), and E/E′ ratio (prenatal hypoxia or MI effect, P<0.01). In contrast, diastolic dysfunction in female offspring was not as evident. Cardiac superoxide levels increased only in prenatal hypoxia exposed male offspring. Cardiac sarcoendoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase2a (SERCA2a) levels, a marker of cardiac injury and dysfunction, decreased in both male and female MI groups independent of prenatal hypoxia. Prenatal hypoxia increased cardiac ryanodine receptor 2 (RYR2) protein levels, while MI reduced RYR2 in only male offspring. In conclusion, male offspring exposed to prenatal hypoxia had an increased susceptibility to ischemic myocardial injury involving cardiac phenotypes similar to heart failure involving diastolic dysfunction in adult life compared with both offspring from healthy pregnancies and their female counterparts.
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46
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Strom J, Chen QM. Loss of Nrf2 promotes rapid progression to heart failure following myocardial infarction. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2017; 327:52-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2017.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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47
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Liu Y, Baumgardt SL, Fang J, Shi Y, Qiao S, Bosnjak ZJ, Vásquez-Vivar J, Xia Z, Warltier DC, Kersten JR, Ge ZD. Transgenic overexpression of GTP cyclohydrolase 1 in cardiomyocytes ameliorates post-infarction cardiac remodeling. Sci Rep 2017; 7:3093. [PMID: 28596578 PMCID: PMC5465102 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03234-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
GTP cyclohydrolase 1 (GCH1) and its product tetrahydrobiopterin play crucial roles in cardiovascular health and disease, yet the exact regulation and role of GCH1 in adverse cardiac remodeling after myocardial infarction are still enigmatic. Here we report that cardiac GCH1 is degraded in remodeled hearts after myocardial infarction, concomitant with increases in the thickness of interventricular septum, interstitial fibrosis, and phosphorylated p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and decreases in left ventricular anterior wall thickness, cardiac contractility, tetrahydrobiopterin, the dimers of nitric oxide synthase, sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ release, and the expression of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ handling proteins. Intriguingly, transgenic overexpression of GCH1 in cardiomyocytes reduces the thickness of interventricular septum and interstitial fibrosis and increases anterior wall thickness and cardiac contractility after infarction. Moreover, we show that GCH1 overexpression decreases phosphorylated p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and elevates tetrahydrobiopterin levels, the dimerization and phosphorylation of neuronal nitric oxide synthase, sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ release, and sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ handling proteins in post-infarction remodeled hearts. Our results indicate that the pivotal role of GCH1 overexpression in post-infarction cardiac remodeling is attributable to preservation of neuronal nitric oxide synthase and sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ handling proteins, and identify a new therapeutic target for cardiac remodeling after infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Liu
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53226, USA.,Department of Medicine, Columbia University, 630 W. 168th Street, New York, New York, 10032, USA
| | - Shelley L Baumgardt
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53226, USA
| | - Juan Fang
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53226, USA
| | - Yang Shi
- Aurora Research Institute, Aurora Health Care, 750 W. Virginia Street, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53234, USA
| | - Shigang Qiao
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53226, USA
| | - Zeljko J Bosnjak
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53226, USA.,Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wiscosin, Milwaukee, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53226, USA
| | - Jeannette Vásquez-Vivar
- Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53226, USA
| | - Zhengyuan Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - David C Warltier
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53226, USA
| | - Judy R Kersten
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53226, USA
| | - Zhi-Dong Ge
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53226, USA.
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48
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Hay M, Vanderah TW, Samareh-Jahani F, Constantopoulos E, Uprety AR, Barnes CA, Konhilas J. Cognitive impairment in heart failure: A protective role for angiotensin-(1-7). Behav Neurosci 2017; 131:99-114. [PMID: 28054808 DOI: 10.1037/bne0000182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) have increased hospital readmission rates and mortality if they are concomitantly diagnosed with cognitive decline and memory loss. Accordingly, we developed a preclinical model of CHF-induced cognitive impairment with the goal of developing novel protective therapies against CHF related cognitive decline. CHF was induced by ligation of the left coronary artery to instigate a myocardial infarction (MI). By 4- and 8-weeks post-MI, CHF mice had approximately a 50% and 70% decline in ejection fraction as measured by echocardiography. At both 4- and 8-weeks post-MI, spatial memory performance in CHF mice as tested using the Morris water task was significantly impaired as compared with sham. In addition, CHF mice had significantly worse performance on object recognition when compared with shams as measured by discrimination ratios during the novel object recognition NOR task. At 8-weeks post-MI, a subgroup of CHF mice were given Angiotensin (Ang)-(1-7) (50mcg/kg/hr) subcutaneously for 4 weeks. Following 3 weeks treatment with systemic Ang-(1-7), the CHF mice NOR discrimination ratios were similar to shams and significantly better than the performance of CHF mice treated with saline. Ang-(1-7) also improved spatial memory in CHF mice as compared with shams. Ang-(1-7) had no effect on cardiac function. Inflammatory biomarker studies from plasma revealed a pattern of neuroprotection that may underlie the observed improvements in cognition. These results demonstrate a preclinical mouse model of CHF that exhibits both spatial memory and object recognition dysfunction. Furthermore, this CHF-induced cognitive impairment is attenuated by treatment with systemic Ang-(1-7). (PsycINFO Database Record
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ajay R Uprety
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona
| | - Carol A Barnes
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona
| | - John Konhilas
- Department of Physiology and Sarver Heart Center, University of Arizona
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49
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Chen J, Hammoudi N, Benard L, Ceholski DK, Zhang S, Lebeche D, Hajjar RJ. The Probability of Inconstancy in Assessment of Cardiac Function Post-Myocardial Infarction in Mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 5. [PMID: 27917392 PMCID: PMC5130155 DOI: 10.4172/2329-6607.1000195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we explore the inherent variability that leads to overlaps in cardiac functional parameters between control and post-myocardial infarction (MI) mice. Heart failure was induced by Left Coronary Artery (LCA) ligation in mice. Average Ejection Fraction (EF) measured by echocardiography was lower in MI mice compared to control, but exhibited higher Standard Deviation (SD) and Standard Error (SEM), notably in 2D mode. Fractional Shortening (FS) showed a higher degree of overlap between MI and control mice even though the mean values were significantly different. Hemodynamic measurements of EF resulted in greater SD, SEM, ± 95% confidence intervals, and effect size. In comparing echocardiography at different time points, EF and FS were consistent by mean, but had apparent fluctuation in individual tracks, which were more obvious in MI than control mice. Hemodynamic measurements showed more complexity in data collection in mice in vivo. MI size showed variability that correlated with severity of cardiac function. These studies show that there is inherent variability in functional cardiac parameters after induction of heart failure by MI in mice. Analysis of these parameters by traditional statistical methods is insufficient, and we propose a more robust statistical analysis for proper data interpretation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiqiu Chen
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Nadjib Hammoudi
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Ludovic Benard
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Delaine K Ceholski
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Shihong Zhang
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Djamel Lebeche
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Roger J Hajjar
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
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Vogel B, Wagner H, Gmoser J, Wörner A, Löschberger A, Peters L, Frey A, Hofmann U, Frantz S. Touch-free measurement of body temperature using close-up thermography of the ocular surface. MethodsX 2016; 3:407-16. [PMID: 27284532 PMCID: PMC4887592 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2016.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In experimental animal research body temperature (BT) is measured for the objective determination of an animals’ physiological condition. Invasive, probe-based measurements are stressful and can influence experimental outcome. Alternatively BT can be determined touch-free from the emitted heat of the organism at a single spot using infrared thermometers [1]. To get visual confirmation and find more appropriate surfaces for measurement a hand-held thermal imager was equipped with a self-made, cheap, 3D-printable close-up lens system that reproducibly creates eight-time magnified thermal images and improves sensitivity. This setup was used to establish ocular surface temperature (OST), representing the temperature of the brain-heart axis, as a touch-free alternative for measurement of BT in mice, rats, rabbits and humans.OST measurement after isoflurane exposure and myocardial infarction (MI) experiments in mice revealed high physiological relevance and sensitivity, the possibility to discriminate between MI and sham operations in one hour and even long-term outcome-predictive capabilities of OST after MI. Summarized here we present: Self-made close-up lens for thermal imaging cameras for eight-time magnification Establishment of OST for touch-free determination of BT in rodents and humans Short- and long-term predictive capabilities of OST in experimental MI in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Vogel
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (CHCF), University Clinics of Würzburg, Germany; Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine, University of Würzburg, Germany
| | - Heike Wagner
- Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine, University of Würzburg, Germany
| | - Johanna Gmoser
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Clinics of Würzburg, Germany
| | - Anja Wörner
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Clinics of Würzburg, Germany
| | - Anna Löschberger
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine, University Clinics of Würzburg, Germany
| | - Laura Peters
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Clinics of Würzburg, Germany
| | - Anna Frey
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (CHCF), University Clinics of Würzburg, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine I, University Clinics of Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Hofmann
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (CHCF), University Clinics of Würzburg, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine I, University Clinics of Würzburg, Germany; Universitätsklinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin III, University Clinics of Halle (Saale), Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Stefan Frantz
- Universitätsklinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin III, University Clinics of Halle (Saale), Halle (Saale), Germany
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