1
|
Boelig RC, Chaudhury S, Gromowski GD, Mayer S, King J, Aghai ZH, Bergmann-Leitner E. Reduced maternal immunity and vertical transfer of immunity against SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern with COVID-19 exposure or initial vaccination in pregnancy. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1216410. [PMID: 37753075 PMCID: PMC10518391 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1216410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction As the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic continues to evolve, we face new variants of concern with a concurrent decline in vaccine booster uptake. We aimed to evaluate the difference in immunity gained from the original SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine series in pregnancy versus SARS-CoV-2 exposure during pregnancy against recent variants of concern. Study Design This is a retrospective analysis of previously collected samples from 192 patients who delivered between February 2021 and August 2021. Participants were categorized as 1) COVID vaccine: mRNA vaccine in pregnancy, 2) COVID-exposed, and 3) controls. The primary outcome was neutralizing capacity against wild-type, Delta, and Omicron-B1 between cohorts. Secondary outcomes include a comparison of cord-blood ID50 as well as the efficiency of vertical transfer, measured by cord-blood:maternal blood ID50 for each variant. Results Pregnant women with COVID-19 vaccination had a greater spike in IgG titers compared to both those with COVID-19 disease exposure and controls. Both COVID exposure and vaccination resulted in immunity against Delta, but only COVID vaccination resulted in significantly greater Omicron ID-50 versus controls. The neutralizing capacity of serum from newborns was lower than that of their mothers, with COVID-vaccination demonstrating higher cord-blood ID50 vs wildtype and Delta variants compared to control or COVID-exposed, but neither COVID-exposure nor vaccination demonstrated significantly higher Omicron ID50 in cord-blood compared to controls. There was a 0.20 (0.07-0.33, p=0.004) and 0.12 (0.0-0.24, p=0.05) increase in cord-blood:maternal blood ID50 with COVID vaccination compared to COVID-19 exposure for wild-type and Delta respectively. In pair-wise comparison, vertical transfer of neutralization capacity (cord-blood:maternal blood ID50) was greatest for wild-type and progressively reduced for Delta and Omicron ID50. Conclusion Pregnant patients with either an initial mRNA vaccination series or COVID-exposure demonstrated reduced immunity against newer variants compared to wild-type as has been reported for non-pregnant individuals; however, the COVID-vaccination series afforded greater cross-variant immunity to pregnant women, specifically against Omicron, than COVID-disease. Vertical transfer of immunity is greater in those with COVID vaccination vs COVID disease exposure but is reduced with progressive variants. Our results reinforce the importance of bivalent booster vaccination in pregnancy for both maternal and infant protection and also provide a rationale for receiving updated vaccines as they become available.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rupsa C. Boelig
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Sidhartha Chaudhury
- Center for Enabling Capabilities, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Gregory D. Gromowski
- Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Sandra Mayer
- Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Jocelyn King
- Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Zubair H. Aghai
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Nemours, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Elke Bergmann-Leitner
- Immunology Core, Biologics Research & Development, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Callender M, Harvill ET. Maternal vaccination: shaping the neonatal response to pertussis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1210580. [PMID: 37520565 PMCID: PMC10374427 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1210580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Antepartum maternal vaccination can protect highly sensitive newborns before they are old enough to receive their own vaccines. Two vaccines are currently recommended during pregnancy: the flu vaccine and the Tdap vaccine against tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis. Although there is strong evidence that maternal vaccination works to protect the offspring, limitations in the understanding of vaccines and of maternal transfer of immunity compound to obscure our understanding of how they work. Here we focus on the example of pertussis to explore the possible mechanisms involved in the transfer of protection to offspring and how these may impact the newborn's response to future exposure to pertussis. For example, Tdap vaccines induce pathogen specific antibodies, and those antibodies are known to be transferred from mother to the fetus in utero and to the newborn via milk. But antibodies alone have modest impact on pertussis disease, and even less effect on colonization/transmission. Maternal immune cells can also be transferred to offspring and may play a direct role in protection from disease and/or influence the developing neonatal immune system. However, some of the transferred immunity may also blunt the offspring's response to subsequent vaccination. In this review we will summarize the protection conferred to offspring by maternal vaccination against pertussis and the likely mechanisms by which protection is transferred, identifying the many knowledge gaps that limit our most effective application of this approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maiya Callender
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Silva–Sanchez A, Meza–Perez S, Liu M, Stone SL, Flores–Romo L, Ubil E, Lund FE, Rosenberg AF, Randall TD. Activation of regulatory dendritic cells by Mertk coincides with a temporal wave of apoptosis in neonatal lungs. Sci Immunol 2023; 8:eadc9081. [PMID: 37327322 PMCID: PMC10351240 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.adc9081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Multiple mechanisms restrain inflammation in neonates, most likely to prevent tissue damage caused by overly robust immune responses against newly encountered pathogens. Here, we identify a population of pulmonary dendritic cells (DCs) that express intermediate levels of CD103 (CD103int) and appear in the lungs and lung-draining lymph nodes of mice between birth and 2 weeks of age. CD103int DCs express XCR1 and CD205 and require expression of the transcription factor BATF3 for development, suggesting that they belong to the cDC1 lineage. In addition, CD103int DCs express CCR7 constitutively and spontaneously migrate to the lung-draining lymph node, where they promote stromal cell maturation and lymph node expansion. CD103int DCs mature independently of microbial exposure and TRIF- or MyD88-dependent signaling and are transcriptionally related to efferocytic and tolerogenic DCs as well as mature, regulatory DCs. Correlating with this, CD103int DCs show limited ability to stimulate proliferation and IFN-γ production by CD8+ T cells. Moreover, CD103int DCs acquire apoptotic cells efficiently, in a process that is dependent on the expression of the TAM receptor, Mertk, which drives their homeostatic maturation. The appearance of CD103int DCs coincides with a temporal wave of apoptosis in developing lungs and explains, in part, dampened pulmonary immunity in neonatal mice. Together, these data suggest a mechanism by which DCs sense apoptotic cells at sites of noninflammatory tissue remodeling, such as tumors or the developing lungs, and limit local T cell responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Silva–Sanchez
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Selene Meza–Perez
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Mingyong Liu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Sara L Stone
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Leopoldo Flores–Romo
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Advanced Research, The National Polytechnic Institute, Cinvestav–IPN, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Eric Ubil
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Frances E. Lund
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | | | - Troy D. Randall
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Abstract
Neonates are more susceptible to some pathogens, particularly those that cause infection in the respiratory tract. This is often attributed to an incompletely developed immune system, but recent work demonstrates effective neonatal immune responses to some infection. The emerging view is that neonates have a distinctly different immune response that is well-adapted to deal with unique immunological challenges of the transition from a relatively sterile uterus to a microbe-rich world, tending to suppress potentially dangerous inflammatory responses. Problematically, few animal models allow a mechanistic examination of the roles and effects of various immune functions in this critical transition period. This limits our understanding of neonatal immunity, and therefore our ability to rationally design and develop vaccines and therapeutics to best protect newborns. This review summarizes what is known of the neonatal immune system, focusing on protection against respiratory pathogens and describes challenges of various animal models. Highlighting recent advances in the mouse model, we identify knowledge gaps to be addressed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Eric T. Harvill
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Weckel A, Dhariwala MO, Ly K, Tran VM, Ojewumi OT, Riggs JB, Gonzalez JR, Dwyer LR, Okoro JN, Leech JM, Bacino MS, Cho GD, Merana G, Anandasabapathy N, Kumamoto Y, Scharschmidt TC. Long-term tolerance to skin commensals is established neonatally through a specialized dendritic cell subgroup. Immunity 2023; 56:1239-1254.e7. [PMID: 37028427 PMCID: PMC10330031 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2023.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Early-life establishment of tolerance to commensal bacteria at barrier surfaces carries enduring implications for immune health but remains poorly understood. Here, we showed that tolerance in skin was controlled by microbial interaction with a specialized subset of antigen-presenting cells. More particularly, CD301b+ type 2 conventional dendritic cells (DCs) in neonatal skin were specifically capable of uptake and presentation of commensal antigens for the generation of regulatory T (Treg) cells. CD301b+ DC2 were enriched for phagocytosis and maturation programs, while also expressing tolerogenic markers. In both human and murine skin, these signatures were reinforced by microbial uptake. In contrast to their adult counterparts or other early-life DC subsets, neonatal CD301b+ DC2 highly expressed the retinoic-acid-producing enzyme, RALDH2, the deletion of which limited commensal-specific Treg cell generation. Thus, synergistic interactions between bacteria and a specialized DC subset critically support early-life tolerance at the cutaneous interface.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonin Weckel
- University of California, San Francisco, Department of Dermatology, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Miqdad O Dhariwala
- University of California, San Francisco, Department of Dermatology, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Kevin Ly
- University of California, San Francisco, Department of Dermatology, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; University of California, San Francisco, Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Victoria M Tran
- University of California, San Francisco, Department of Dermatology, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; University of California, San Francisco, Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Oluwasunmisola T Ojewumi
- University of California, San Francisco, Department of Dermatology, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Julianne B Riggs
- University of California, San Francisco, Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Jeanmarie R Gonzalez
- University of California, San Francisco, Department of Dermatology, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; University of California, San Francisco, Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Laura R Dwyer
- University of California, San Francisco, Department of Dermatology, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; University of California, San Francisco, Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Joy N Okoro
- University of California, San Francisco, Department of Dermatology, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - John M Leech
- University of California, San Francisco, Department of Dermatology, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Margot S Bacino
- University of California, San Francisco, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences Graduate Program, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Grace D Cho
- University of California, San Francisco, Department of Dermatology, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; University of California, Los Angeles, Department of Infectious Diseases, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Geil Merana
- University of California, San Francisco, Department of Dermatology, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Niroshana Anandasabapathy
- Department of Dermatology, Meyer Cancer Center, Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA; Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yosuke Kumamoto
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA; Center for Immunity and Inflammation, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Tiffany C Scharschmidt
- University of California, San Francisco, Department of Dermatology, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ait Djebbara S, Mcheik S, Percier P, Segueni N, Poncelet A, Truyens C. The macrophage infectivity potentiator of Trypanosoma cruzi induces innate IFN-γ and TNF-α production by human neonatal and adult blood cells through TLR2/1 and TLR4. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1180900. [PMID: 37304288 PMCID: PMC10250606 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1180900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously identified the recombinant (r) macrophage (M) infectivity (I) potentiator (P) of the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi (Tc) (rTcMIP) as an immuno-stimulatory protein that induces the release of IFN-γ, CCL2 and CCL3 by human cord blood cells. These cytokines and chemokines are important to direct a type 1 adaptive immune response. rTcMIP also increased the Ab response and favored the production of the Th1-related isotype IgG2a in mouse models of neonatal vaccination, indicating that rTcMIP could be used as a vaccine adjuvant to enhance T and B cell responses. In the present study, we used cord and adult blood cells, and isolated NK cells and human monocytes to investigate the pathways and to decipher the mechanism of action of the recombinant rTcMIP. We found that rTcMIP engaged TLR1/2 and TLR4 independently of CD14 and activated the MyD88, but not the TRIF, pathway to induce IFN-γ production by IL-15-primed NK cells, and TNF-α secretion by monocytes and myeloid dendritic cells. Our results also indicated that TNF-α boosted IFN-γ expression. Though cord blood cells displayed lower responses than adult cells, our results allow to consider rTcMIP as a potential pro-type 1 adjuvant that might be associated to vaccines administered in early life or later.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarra Ait Djebbara
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, and ULB Center for Research in Immunology (UCRI), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Saria Mcheik
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, and ULB Center for Research in Immunology (UCRI), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pauline Percier
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, and ULB Center for Research in Immunology (UCRI), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
- Service Immune Response, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Noria Segueni
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, and ULB Center for Research in Immunology (UCRI), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Antoine Poncelet
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, and ULB Center for Research in Immunology (UCRI), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Carine Truyens
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, and ULB Center for Research in Immunology (UCRI), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hora B, Li H, Shen X, Martin M, Chen Y, Berry M, Evangelous T, Macintyre AN, Arus-Altuz A, Wang S, Singh A, Zhao C, De Naeyer N, DeMarco T, Kuykendall C, Gurley T, Saunders KO, Denny T, Moody MA, Misamore J, Lewis MG, Wiehe K, Cain DW, Montefiori DC, Shaw GM, Williams WB. Neonatal SHIV infection in rhesus macaques elicited heterologous HIV-1-neutralizing antibodies. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112255. [PMID: 36924501 PMCID: PMC10117998 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Infants and children infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 have been shown to develop neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) against heterologous HIV-1 strains, characteristic of broadly nAbs (bnAbs). Thus, having a neonatal model for the induction of heterologous HIV-1 nAbs may provide insights into the mechanisms of neonatal bnAb development. Here, we describe a neonatal model for heterologous HIV-1 nAb induction in pathogenic simian-HIV (SHIV)-infected rhesus macaques (RMs). Viral envelope (env) evolution showed mutations at multiple sites, including nAb epitopes. All 13 RMs generated plasma autologous HIV-1 nAbs. However, 8/13 (62%) RMs generated heterologous HIV-1 nAbs with increasing potency over time, albeit with limited breadth, and mapped to multiple nAb epitopes, suggestive of a polyclonal response. Moreover, plasma heterologous HIV-1 nAb development was associated with antigen-specific, lymph-node-derived germinal center activity. We define a neonatal model for heterologous HIV-1 nAb induction that may inform future pediatric HIV-1 vaccines for bnAb induction in infants and children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bhavna Hora
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Hui Li
- Departments of Medicine and Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Xiaoying Shen
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Mitchell Martin
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Yue Chen
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Madison Berry
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Tyler Evangelous
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Andrew N Macintyre
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Aria Arus-Altuz
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Shuyi Wang
- Departments of Medicine and Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ajay Singh
- Departments of Medicine and Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Chengyan Zhao
- Departments of Medicine and Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Nicole De Naeyer
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Todd DeMarco
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Cindy Kuykendall
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Thaddeus Gurley
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Kevin O Saunders
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Thomas Denny
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - M Anthony Moody
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | | | | | - Kevin Wiehe
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Derek W Cain
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - David C Montefiori
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - George M Shaw
- Departments of Medicine and Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Wilton B Williams
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zepeda O, Espinoza DO, Martinez E, Cross KA, Becker-Dreps S, de Silva AM, Bowman NM, Premkumar L, Stringer EM, Bucardo F, Collins MH. Antibody Immunity to Zika Virus among Young Children in a Flavivirus-Endemic Area in Nicaragua. Viruses 2023; 15:v15030796. [PMID: 36992504 PMCID: PMC10052059 DOI: 10.3390/v15030796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: To understand the dynamics of Zika virus (ZIKV)-specific antibody immunity in children born to mothers in a flavivirus-endemic region during and after the emergence of ZIKV in the Americas. Methods: We performed serologic testing for ZIKV cross-reactive and type-specific IgG in two longitudinal cohorts, which enrolled pregnant women and their children (PW1 and PW2) after the beginning of the ZIKV epidemic in Nicaragua. Quarterly samples from children over their first two years of life and maternal blood samples at birth and at the end of the two-year follow-up period were studied. Results: Most mothers in this dengue-endemic area were flavivirus-immune at enrollment. ZIKV-specific IgG (anti-ZIKV EDIII IgG) was detected in 82 of 102 (80.4%) mothers in cohort PW1 and 89 of 134 (66.4%) mothers in cohort PW2, consistent with extensive transmission observed in Nicaragua during 2016. ZIKV-reactive IgG decayed to undetectable levels by 6-9 months in infants, whereas these antibodies were maintained in mothers at the year two time point. Interestingly, a greater contribution to ZIKV immunity by IgG3 was observed in babies born soon after ZIKV transmission. Finally, 43 of 343 (13%) children exhibited persistent or increasing ZIKV-reactive IgG at ≥9 months, with 10 of 30 (33%) tested demonstrating serologic evidence of incident dengue infection. Conclusions: These data inform our understanding of protective and pathogenic immunity to potential flavivirus infections in early life in areas where multiple flaviviruses co-circulate, particularly considering the immune interactions between ZIKV and dengue and the future possibility of ZIKV vaccination in women of childbearing potential. This study also shows the benefits of cord blood sampling for serologic surveillance of infectious diseases in resource-limited settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Omar Zepeda
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Science, National Autonomous University of Nicaragua, León 21000, Nicaragua
| | - Daniel O Espinoza
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Evelin Martinez
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Science, National Autonomous University of Nicaragua, León 21000, Nicaragua
| | - Kaitlyn A Cross
- Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Sylvia Becker-Dreps
- Department of Family Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Aravinda M de Silva
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Natalie M Bowman
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Lakshmanane Premkumar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Stringer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Filemón Bucardo
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Science, National Autonomous University of Nicaragua, León 21000, Nicaragua
| | - Matthew H Collins
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Luo Y, Acevedo D, Baños N, Pluma A, Castellanos-Moreira R, Moreno E, Rodríguez-García S, Deyà-Martínez A, García-García A, Quesada-Masachs E, Torres M, Casellas M, Grados D, Martí-Castellote C, Antón J, Vlagea A, Juan M, Esteve-Solé A, Alsina L. Expected impact of immunomodulatory agents during pregnancy: A newborn's perspective. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2023; 34:e13911. [PMID: 36825745 DOI: 10.1111/pai.13911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
The neonatal immune ontogeny begins during pregnancy to ensure that the neonate is well-suited for perinatal life. It prioritizes Th2/M2 and regulatory responses over Th/M1 activity to avoid excessive inflammatory responses and to ensure immune tolerance and homeostasis. Newborns also present increased Th17/Th22 responses providing effective anti-fungal immunity and mucosal protection. Intrauterine exposure to immune modulatory drugs with the placental transfer may influence the natural course of the fetal immune development. The vertical transfer of both biological therapy and small molecules begins during the first trimester through neonatal Fc receptor or placental diffusion, respectively, reaching its maximum transfer potential during the third trimester of pregnancy. Most of the biological therapy have a prolonged half-life in newborn's blood, being detectable in infants up to 12 months after birth (usually 6-9 months). The use of immunomodulators during pregnancy is gaining global interest. Current evidence mainly reports birth-related outcomes without exhaustive analysis of the on-target side effect on the perinatal immune system ontogeny, the infection risk, or the immune dysregulation. The present review will focus on: (1) the main characteristics of the perinatal immune system to understand its specific features and vulnerabilities to immune modulation; (2) the mechanisms of placental transfer of immunomodulators; and (3) the immune changes reported to date in newborns exposed to immunomodulators with emphasis on the current concerns and gaps in knowledge.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiyi Luo
- Clinical Immunology and Primary Immunodeficiencies Unit, Allergy and Clinical Immunology Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain.,Clinical Immunology Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu-Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain.,Study Group for Immune Dysfunction Diseases in Children (GEMDIP), Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Acevedo
- Clinical Immunology and Primary Immunodeficiencies Unit, Allergy and Clinical Immunology Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain.,Clinical Immunology Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu-Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain.,Study Group for Immune Dysfunction Diseases in Children (GEMDIP), Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Núria Baños
- BCNatal, Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu), Institut Clínic de Ginecologia, Obstetrícia i Neonatologia Fetal i+D Fetal Medicine Research Center, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrea Pluma
- Rheumatology Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Estefania Moreno
- Rheumatology Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Angela Deyà-Martínez
- Clinical Immunology and Primary Immunodeficiencies Unit, Allergy and Clinical Immunology Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain.,Clinical Immunology Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu-Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain.,Study Group for Immune Dysfunction Diseases in Children (GEMDIP), Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana García-García
- Clinical Immunology and Primary Immunodeficiencies Unit, Allergy and Clinical Immunology Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain.,Clinical Immunology Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu-Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain.,Study Group for Immune Dysfunction Diseases in Children (GEMDIP), Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Mireia Torres
- Rheumatology Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manel Casellas
- High Risk Obstetric Unit, Gynecology and Obstetrics Department, Vall de Hebron Hospital Campus, Universitat Autónoma of Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dolors Grados
- Rheumatology Department, Hospital Universitari d'Igualada, Igualada, Spain
| | - Celia Martí-Castellote
- Clinical Immunology and Primary Immunodeficiencies Unit, Allergy and Clinical Immunology Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain.,Study Group for Immune Dysfunction Diseases in Children (GEMDIP), Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Antón
- Study Group for Immune Dysfunction Diseases in Children (GEMDIP), Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain.,Pediatric Rheumatology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alexandru Vlagea
- Immunology Department, Biomedic Diagnostic Center (CDB), Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Clinical Immunology Unit Hospital Sant Joan de Déu-Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manel Juan
- Clinical Immunology Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu-Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Immunology Department, Biomedic Diagnostic Center (CDB), Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Clinical Immunology Unit Hospital Sant Joan de Déu-Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Esteve-Solé
- Clinical Immunology and Primary Immunodeficiencies Unit, Allergy and Clinical Immunology Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain.,Clinical Immunology Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu-Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain.,Study Group for Immune Dysfunction Diseases in Children (GEMDIP), Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laia Alsina
- Clinical Immunology and Primary Immunodeficiencies Unit, Allergy and Clinical Immunology Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain.,Clinical Immunology Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu-Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain.,Study Group for Immune Dysfunction Diseases in Children (GEMDIP), Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Radwanska M, de Lemos Esteves F, Linsen L, Coltel N, Cencig S, Widart J, Massart AC, Colson S, Di Paolo A, Percier P, Ait Djebbara S, Guillonneau F, Flamand V, De Pauw E, Frère JM, Carlier Y, Truyens C. Macrophage-infectivity potentiator of Trypanosoma cruzi (TcMIP) is a new pro-type 1 immuno-stimulating protein for neonatal human cells and vaccines in mice. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1138526. [PMID: 37033946 PMCID: PMC10077492 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1138526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
This work identifies the protein "macrophage infectivity potentiator" of Trypanosoma cruzi trypomastigotes, as supporting a new property, namely a pro-type 1 immunostimulatory activity on neonatal cells. In its recombinant form (rTcMIP), this protein triggers the secretion of the chemokines CCL2 and CCL3 by human umbilical cord blood cells from healthy newborns, after 24h in vitro culture. Further stimulation for 72h results in secretion of IFN-γ, provided cultures are supplemented with IL-2 and IL-18. rTcMIP activity is totally abolished by protease treatment and is not associated with its peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase enzymatic activity. The ability of rTcMIP to act as adjuvant was studied in vivo in neonatal mouse immunization models, using acellular diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis-vaccine (DTPa) or ovalbumin, and compared to the classical alum adjuvant. As compared to the latter, rTcMIP increases the IgG antibody response towards several antigens meanwhile skewing antibody production towards the Th-1 dependent IgG2a isotype. The amplitude of the rTcMIP adjuvant effect varied depending on the antigen and the co-presence of alum. rTcMIP did by contrast not increase the IgE response to OVA combined with alum. The discovery of the rTcMIP immunostimulatory effect on neonatal cells opens new possibilities for potential use as pro-type 1 adjuvant for neonatal vaccines. This, in turn, may facilitate the development of more efficient vaccines that can be given at birth, reducing infection associated morbidity and mortality which are the highest in the first weeks after birth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Radwanska
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, and ULB Center for Research in Immunology (UCRI), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Loes Linsen
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, and ULB Center for Research in Immunology (UCRI), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Coltel
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, and ULB Center for Research in Immunology (UCRI), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sabrina Cencig
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, and ULB Center for Research in Immunology (UCRI), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Joelle Widart
- Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry (LSM), Department of Chemistry, Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Anne-Cécile Massart
- Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry (LSM), Department of Chemistry, Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Séverine Colson
- Center for Protein Engineering (CIP), Université de Liège (ULg), Liège, Belgium
| | - Alexandre Di Paolo
- Center for Protein Engineering (CIP), Université de Liège (ULg), Liège, Belgium
| | - Pauline Percier
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, and ULB Center for Research in Immunology (UCRI), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sarra Ait Djebbara
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, and ULB Center for Research in Immunology (UCRI), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - François Guillonneau
- Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry (LSM), Department of Chemistry, Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Véronique Flamand
- Institute for Medical Immunology (IMI), and ULB Center for Research in Immunology (U-CRI), Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Edwin De Pauw
- Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry (LSM), Department of Chemistry, Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Jean-Marie Frère
- Center for Protein Engineering (CIP), Université de Liège (ULg), Liège, Belgium
| | - Yves Carlier
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, and ULB Center for Research in Immunology (UCRI), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Tropical Medicine, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, MA, United States
| | - Carine Truyens
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, and ULB Center for Research in Immunology (UCRI), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
- *Correspondence: Carine Truyens,
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Vaaben AV, Levan J, Nguyen CBT, Callaway PC, Prahl M, Warrier L, Nankya F, Musinguzi K, Kakuru A, Muhindo MK, Dorsey G, Kamya MR, Feeney ME. In Utero Activation of Natural Killer Cells in Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection. J Infect Dis 2022; 226:566-575. [PMID: 35876164 PMCID: PMC9441208 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiac307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is the most common infectious cause of birth defects and neurological damage in newborns. Despite a well-established role for natural killer (NK) cells in control of CMV infection in older children and adults, it remains unknown whether fetal NK cells can sense and respond to CMV infection acquired in utero. METHODS Here, we investigate the impact of congenital CMV infection on the neonatal NK-cell repertoire by assessing the frequency, phenotype, and functional profile of NK cells in cord blood samples from newborns with congenital CMV and from uninfected controls enrolled in a birth cohort of Ugandan mothers and infants. RESULTS We find that neonatal NK cells from congenitally CMV infected newborns show increased expression of cytotoxic mediators, signs of maturation and activation, and an expansion of mature CD56- NK cells, an NK-cell subset associated with chronic viral infections in adults. Activation was particularly prominent in NK cell subsets expressing the Fcγ receptor CD16, indicating a role for antibody-mediated immunity against CMV in utero. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate that NK cells can be activated in utero and suggest that NK cells may be an important component of the fetal and infant immune response against CMV. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION NCT02793622.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna V Vaaben
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Justine Levan
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Catherine B T Nguyen
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Perri C Callaway
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.,Infectious Diseases and Immunity Graduate Group, University of California Berkeley, California, Berkeley, USA
| | - Mary Prahl
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Lakshmi Warrier
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | | | - Abel Kakuru
- Infectious Disease Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Mary K Muhindo
- Infectious Disease Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Grant Dorsey
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Moses R Kamya
- Infectious Disease Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda.,Department of Medicine, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Margaret E Feeney
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Chang CM, Tsai MH, Liao WC, Yang PH, Li SW, Chu SM, Huang HR, Chiang MC, Hsu JF. Effects of Probiotics on Gut Microbiomes of Extremely Preterm Infants in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: A Prospective Cohort Study. Nutrients 2022; 14:3239. [PMID: 35956415 DOI: 10.3390/nu14153239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Probiotics have been previously reported to reduce the incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in extremely preterm infants, but the mechanisms by which the probiotics work remain unknown. We aimed to investigate the effects of probiotics on the gut microbiota of extremely preterm infants. Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted on 120 extremely preterm neonates (gestational age ≤ 28 weeks) between August 2019 and December 2021. All neonates were divided into the study (receiving probiotics) and the control (no probiotics) groups. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to investigate the significantly different compositions of gut microbiota between these two groups. The effects of probiotics on the occurrence of NEC and late-onset sepsis were also investigated. Results: An increased abundance of Lactobacillus was noted in neonates who received the probiotics (AOR 4.33; 95% CI, 1.89–9.96, p = 0.009) when compared with the control group. Subjects in the probiotic group had significantly fewer days of total parenteral nutrition (median [interquartile range, IQR]) 29.0 (26.8–35.0) versus 35.5 (27.8–45.0), p = 0.004) than those in the control group. The probiotic group had a significantly lower rate of late-onset sepsis than the control group (47.1% versus 70.0%, p = 0.015), but the rate of NEC, duration of hospitalization and the final in-hospital mortality rates were comparable between these two groups. Conclusions: Probiotic supplementation of extremely preterm infants soon after the initiation of feeding increased the abundance of Lactobacillus. Probiotics may reduce the risk of late-onset sepsis, but further randomized controlled trials are warranted in the future.
Collapse
|
13
|
Chambers CA, Dadelahi AS, Moley CR, Olson RM, Logue CM, Skyberg JA. Nucleotide receptors mediate protection against neonatal sepsis and meningitis caused by alpha-hemolysin expressing Escherichia coli K1. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22197. [PMID: 35147989 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202101485r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Neonatal meningitis-associated Escherichia coli (NMEC) is among the leading causes of bacterial meningitis and sepsis in newborn infants. Several virulence factors have been identified as common among NMEC, and have been shown to play an important role in the development of bacteremia and/or meningitis. However, there is significant variability in virulence factor expression between NMEC isolates, and relatively little research has been done to assess the impact of variable virulence factor expression on immune cell activation and the outcome of infection. Here, we investigated the role of NMEC strain-dependent P2X receptor (P2XR) signaling on the outcome of infection in neonatal mice. We found that alpha-hemolysin (HlyA)-expressing NMEC (HlyA+ ) induced robust P2XR-dependent macrophage cell death in vitro, while HlyA- NMEC did not. P2XR-dependent cell death was inflammasome independent, suggesting an uncoupling of P2XR and inflammasome activation in the context of NMEC infection. In vivo inhibition of P2XRs was associated with increased mortality in neonatal mice infected with HlyA+ NMEC, but had no effect on the survival of neonatal mice infected with HlyA- NMEC. Furthermore, we found that P2XR-dependent protection against HlyA+ NMEC in vivo required macrophages, but not neutrophils or NLRP3. Taken together, these data suggest that HlyA+ NMEC activates P2XRs which in turn confers macrophage-dependent protection against infection in neonates. In addition, our findings indicate that strain-dependent virulence factor expression should be taken into account when studying the immune response to NMEC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine A Chambers
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Alexis S Dadelahi
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Charles R Moley
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Rachel M Olson
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Catherine M Logue
- Department of Population Heath, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Jerod A Skyberg
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Nir O, Schwartz A, Toussia-Cohen S, Leibovitch L, Strauss T, Asraf K, Doolman R, Sharabi S, Cohen C, Lustig Y, Regev-Yochay G, Yinon Y. Maternal-neonatal transfer of SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin G antibodies among parturient women treated with BNT162b2 messenger RNA vaccine during pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM 2022; 4:100492. [PMID: 34547533 PMCID: PMC8451978 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajogmf.2021.100492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The exclusion of pregnant women from initial COVID-19 messenger RNA vaccine trials raised hesitancy regarding the benefits of vaccination for pregnant women, hence little is known about vaccines' efficacy in this population. OBJECTIVE To determine the maternal-neonatal transplacental transfer of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among vaccinated parturient women. A control group of COVID-19-recovered patients was included to compare the immunoglobulin G levels between vaccinated and recovered patients. STUDY DESIGN This is a prospective cohort study conducted in a single tertiary medical center in Israel between February and March 2021; parturient women vaccinated with the BNT162b2 messenger RNA vaccine during pregnancy were included and compared with COVID-19-recovered parturient women. SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin G antibodies were measured in maternal and cord sera, dried blood spot samples taken from newborns, and breast milk samples. The primary aim was to determine whether neonatal cord and dried blood spot samples were positive for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and to evaluate the transfer ratio, defined as cord blood immunoglobulin G divided by maternal immunoglobulin G levels. RESULTS The study included 64 vaccinated parturient women and 11 parturient women who had COVID-19 during pregnancy. All maternal blood sera samples and 98.3% of the cord blood sera samples were positive for SARS-Cov-2 immunoglobulin G with median concentrations of 26.1 (interquartile range, 22.0-39.7) and 20.2 (interquartile range, 12.7-29.0), respectively. Similarly, 96.4% of neonatal blood spot samples and all breast milk samples were positive for SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin G with median concentrations of 11.0 (interquartile range, 7.2-12.8) and 4.9 (interquartile range, 3.8-6.0), respectively. There was a significant positive correlation between maternal serum levels of SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin G and cord blood (r=0.483; P=.0001), neonatal blood spot (r=0.515; P=.004), and breast milk levels (r=0.396; P=.005) of SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin G. The median placental transfer ratio of SARS-COV-2 immunoglobulin G was 0.77. Comparison of vaccinated and recovered COVID-19 patients revealed significantly higher SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin G levels in maternal serum and cord blood among vaccinated women (P<.0001). CONCLUSION Our study demonstrated the efficient transfer of SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin G across the placenta in women, vaccinated with the BNT162b2 messenger RNA vaccine during pregnancy, to their neonates, with a positive correlation between maternal serum and cord blood antibody concentrations. In addition to maternal protection against COVID-19, the vaccine may also provide neonatal humoral immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Omer Nir
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel HaShomer, Israel (Drs Nir, Schwartz, Toussia-Cohen, and Yinon); Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel (Drs Nir, Schwartz, Toussia-Cohen, Leibovitch, Strauss, Cohen, Lustig, Regev-Yochay, and Yinon)
| | - Anat Schwartz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel HaShomer, Israel (Drs Nir, Schwartz, Toussia-Cohen, and Yinon); Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel (Drs Nir, Schwartz, Toussia-Cohen, Leibovitch, Strauss, Cohen, Lustig, Regev-Yochay, and Yinon)
| | - Shlomi Toussia-Cohen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel HaShomer, Israel (Drs Nir, Schwartz, Toussia-Cohen, and Yinon); Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel (Drs Nir, Schwartz, Toussia-Cohen, Leibovitch, Strauss, Cohen, Lustig, Regev-Yochay, and Yinon)
| | - Leah Leibovitch
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel (Drs Nir, Schwartz, Toussia-Cohen, Leibovitch, Strauss, Cohen, Lustig, Regev-Yochay, and Yinon); Department of Neonataology, The Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel HaShomer, Israel (Drs Leibovitch and Strauss)
| | - Tzipi Strauss
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel (Drs Nir, Schwartz, Toussia-Cohen, Leibovitch, Strauss, Cohen, Lustig, Regev-Yochay, and Yinon); Department of Neonataology, The Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel HaShomer, Israel (Drs Leibovitch and Strauss)
| | - Keren Asraf
- The Dworman Automated Mega Laboratory, Sheba Medical Center, Tel HaShomer, Israel (Drs Asraf and Doolman and Ms Sharabi)
| | - Ram Doolman
- The Dworman Automated Mega Laboratory, Sheba Medical Center, Tel HaShomer, Israel (Drs Asraf and Doolman and Ms Sharabi)
| | - Sivan Sharabi
- The Dworman Automated Mega Laboratory, Sheba Medical Center, Tel HaShomer, Israel (Drs Asraf and Doolman and Ms Sharabi)
| | - Carmit Cohen
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel (Drs Nir, Schwartz, Toussia-Cohen, Leibovitch, Strauss, Cohen, Lustig, Regev-Yochay, and Yinon); Infection Prevention & Control Unit, Sheba Medical Center, Tel HaShomer, Israel (Drs Cohen and Regev-Yochay)
| | - Yaniv Lustig
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel (Drs Nir, Schwartz, Toussia-Cohen, Leibovitch, Strauss, Cohen, Lustig, Regev-Yochay, and Yinon); Central Virology Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Sheba Medical Center, Tel HaShomer, Israel (Dr Lustig)
| | - Gili Regev-Yochay
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel (Drs Nir, Schwartz, Toussia-Cohen, Leibovitch, Strauss, Cohen, Lustig, Regev-Yochay, and Yinon); Infection Prevention & Control Unit, Sheba Medical Center, Tel HaShomer, Israel (Drs Cohen and Regev-Yochay)
| | - Yoav Yinon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel HaShomer, Israel (Drs Nir, Schwartz, Toussia-Cohen, and Yinon); Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel (Drs Nir, Schwartz, Toussia-Cohen, Leibovitch, Strauss, Cohen, Lustig, Regev-Yochay, and Yinon).
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Feyaerts D, Gillard J, van Cranenbroek B, Rigodanzo Marins L, Baghdady MMS, Comitini G, Lely AT, van Hamersvelt HW, van der Heijden OWH, Joosten I, van der Molen RG. Maternal, Decidual, and Neonatal Lymphocyte Composition Is Affected in Pregnant Kidney Transplant Recipients. Front Immunol 2021; 12:735564. [PMID: 34777345 PMCID: PMC8585145 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.735564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pregnancy after renal transplantation is associated with an increased risk of complications. While a delicately balanced uterine immune system is essential for a successful pregnancy, little is known about the uterine immune environment of pregnant kidney transplant recipients. Moreover, children born to kidney transplant recipients are exposed in utero to immunosuppressive drugs, with possible consequences for neonatal outcomes. Here, we defined the effects of kidney transplantation on the immune cell composition during pregnancy with a cohort of kidney transplant recipients as well as healthy controls with uncomplicated pregnancies. Maternal immune cells from peripheral blood were collected during pregnancy as well as from decidua and cord blood obtained after delivery. Multiparameter flow cytometry was used to identify and characterize populations of cells. While systemic immune cell frequencies were altered in kidney transplant patients, immune cell dynamics over the course of pregnancy were largely similar to healthy women. In the decidua of women with a kidney transplant, we observed a decreased frequency of HLA-DR+ Treg, particularly in those treated with tacrolimus versus those that were treated with azathioprine next to tacrolimus, or with azathioprine alone. In addition, both the innate and adaptive neonatal immune system of children born to kidney transplant recipients was significantly altered compared to neonates born from uncomplicated pregnancies. Overall, our findings indicate a significant and distinct impact on the maternal systemic, uterine, and neonatal immune cell composition in pregnant kidney transplant recipients, which could have important consequences for the incidence of pregnancy complications, treatment decisions, and the offspring's health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dorien Feyaerts
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Joshua Gillard
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Section Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Bram van Cranenbroek
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Lina Rigodanzo Marins
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Mariam M S Baghdady
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Gaia Comitini
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - A Titia Lely
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | | | | | - Irma Joosten
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Renate G van der Molen
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Holm SR, Jenkins BJ, Cronin JG, Jones N, Thornton CA. A role for metabolism in determining neonatal immune function. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2021; 32:1616-1628. [PMID: 34170575 DOI: 10.1111/pai.13583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Immune responses of neonates differ markedly to those of adults, with skewed cytokine phenotypes, reduced inflammatory properties and drastically diminished memory function. Recent research efforts have started to unravel the role of cellular metabolism in determining immune cell fate and function. For studies in humans, much of the work on metabolic mechanisms underpinning innate and adaptive immune responses by different haematopoietic cell types is in adults. Studies investigating the contribution of metabolic adaptation in the unique setting of early life are just emerging, and much more work is needed to elucidate the contribution of metabolism to neonatal immune responses. Here, we discuss our current understanding of neonatal immune responses, examine some of the latest developments in neonatal immunometabolism and consider the possible role of altered metabolism to the distinctive immune phenotype of the neonate. Understanding the role of metabolism in regulating immune function at this critical stage in life has direct benefit for the child by affording opportunities to maximize immediate and long-term health. Additionally, gaining insight into the diversity of human immune function and naturally evolved immunometabolic strategies that modulate immune function could be harnessed for a wide range of opportunities including new therapeutic approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sean R Holm
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Ben J Jenkins
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - James G Cronin
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Nicholas Jones
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Catherine A Thornton
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Fortmann I, Dammann MT, Siller B, Humberg A, Demmert M, Tüshaus L, Lindert J, van Zandbergen V, Pagel J, Rupp J, Herting E, Härtel C. Infants Younger Than 90 Days Admitted for Late-Onset Sepsis Display a Reduced Abundance of Regulatory T Cells. Front Immunol 2021; 12:666447. [PMID: 34512621 PMCID: PMC8430331 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.666447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To provide epidemiological data of infants < 90 days of age with suspected late-onset sepsis (LOS) and evaluate distinct immunological specificities. We hypothesized that previously healthy infants < 3 months of age with sepsis have a yet undefined immunological predisposition; e.g. differences in lymphocyte subsets including regulatory T cells. Methods We performed an exploratory, single center study between January 1st, 2019 and June 1st, 2021. Routine diagnostics included conventional culture (blood, cerebrospinal fluid, urine), PCR and inflammatory markers in infants < 90 days of age with suspected sepsis. We additionally analyzed lymphocyte subsets and CD4+ CD25+ forkhead box protein (FoxP3)+ Tregs at admission for sepsis workup as compared to age-matched controls. Results A convenience sample cohort of n= 51 infants with sepsis workup was enrolled. Invasive bacterial infection (IBI) was diagnosed in 25 (49.0%) patients including two infants with a rhinovirus co-infection and viral infection in 14 (27.5%) neonates. No infectious cause was found in 12 cases. Infants with suspected LOS displayed a decreased abundance of CD4+ FoxP3+ T cells as compared to controls, which was most pronounced in the subgroup of infants with IBI. We also noticed elevated HLA-DR-positive CD3+ cells in infants with LOS and a higher CD4/CD8-ratio in infants with viral infection as compared to healthy controls. Infants with viral infections had a higher number of natural killer cells as compared to infants with IBI. Conclusion Our exploratory data support the concept of a potential immaturity state and failed immune tolerance development for young infants with LOS. Future large-scale studies are needed to elucidate pre-sepsis conditions and to target the microbiome-immunity interplay as a potential risk pattern.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ingmar Fortmann
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Lübeck, Germany
| | | | - Bastian Siller
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | | | - Martin Demmert
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Ludger Tüshaus
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Judith Lindert
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | | | - Julia Pagel
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jan Rupp
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Lübeck, Germany.,Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Egbert Herting
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Christoph Härtel
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Gray KJ, Bordt EA, Atyeo C, Deriso E, Akinwunmi B, Young N, Baez AM, Shook LL, Cvrk D, James K, De Guzman R, Brigida S, Diouf K, Goldfarb I, Bebell LM, Yonker LM, Fasano A, Rabi SA, Elovitz MA, Alter G, Edlow AG. Coronavirus disease 2019 vaccine response in pregnant and lactating women: a cohort study. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2021; 225:303.e1-303.e17. [PMID: 33775692 PMCID: PMC7997025 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2021.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 373] [Impact Index Per Article: 124.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pregnant and lactating women were excluded from initial coronavirus disease 2019 vaccine trials; thus, data to guide vaccine decision making are lacking. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the immunogenicity and reactogenicity of coronavirus disease 2019 messenger RNA vaccination in pregnant and lactating women compared with: (1) nonpregnant controls and (2) natural coronavirus disease 2019 infection in pregnancy. STUDY DESIGN A total of 131 reproductive-age vaccine recipients (84 pregnant, 31 lactating, and 16 nonpregnant women) were enrolled in a prospective cohort study at 2 academic medical centers. Titers of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 spike and receptor-binding domain immunoglobulin G, immunoglobulin A, and immunoglobulin M were quantified in participant sera (n=131) and breastmilk (n=31) at baseline, at the second vaccine dose, at 2 to 6 weeks after the second vaccine, and at delivery by Luminex. Umbilical cord sera (n=10) titers were assessed at delivery. Titers were compared with those of pregnant women 4 to 12 weeks from the natural infection (n=37) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. A pseudovirus neutralization assay was used to quantify neutralizing antibody titers for the subset of women who delivered during the study period. Postvaccination symptoms were assessed via questionnaire. Kruskal-Wallis tests and a mixed-effects model, with correction for multiple comparisons, were used to assess differences among groups. RESULTS Vaccine-induced antibody titers were equivalent in pregnant and lactating compared with nonpregnant women (pregnant, median, 5.59; interquartile range, 4.68-5.89; lactating, median, 5.74; interquartile range, 5.06-6.22; nonpregnant, median, 5.62; interquartile range, 4.77-5.98, P=.24). All titers were significantly higher than those induced by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection during pregnancy (P<.0001). Vaccine-generated antibodies were present in all umbilical cord blood and breastmilk samples. Neutralizing antibody titers were lower in umbilical cord than maternal sera, although this finding did not achieve statistical significance (maternal sera, median, 104.7; interquartile range, 61.2-188.2; cord sera, median, 52.3; interquartile range, 11.7-69.6; P=.05). The second vaccine dose (boost dose) increased severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2-specific immunoglobulin G, but not immunoglobulin A, in maternal blood and breastmilk. No differences were noted in reactogenicity across the groups. CONCLUSION Coronavirus disease 2019 messenger RNA vaccines generated robust humoral immunity in pregnant and lactating women, with immunogenicity and reactogenicity similar to that observed in nonpregnant women. Vaccine-induced immune responses were statistically significantly greater than the response to natural infection. Immune transfer to neonates occurred via placenta and breastmilk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn J Gray
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Evan A Bordt
- Lurie Center for Autism, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Caroline Atyeo
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA; PhD Program in Virology, Division of Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Arts & Sciences, Harvard University, Boston, MA
| | | | - Babatunde Akinwunmi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Nicola Young
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Aranxta Medina Baez
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Lydia L Shook
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Vincent Center for Reproductive Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Dana Cvrk
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Kaitlyn James
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Rose De Guzman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Sara Brigida
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Khady Diouf
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Ilona Goldfarb
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Lisa M Bebell
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; MGH Center for Global Health, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Lael M Yonker
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Alessio Fasano
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - S Alireza Rabi
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Michal A Elovitz
- Maternal and Child Health Research Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Galit Alter
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA.
| | - Andrea G Edlow
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Vincent Center for Reproductive Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Lechosa-Muñiz C, Paz-Zulueta M, Mendez-Legaza JM, Irure-Ventura J, Cuesta González R, Calvo Montes J, López-Hoyos M, Llorca J, Cabero-Pérez MJ. Induction of SARS-CoV-2-Specific IgG and IgA in Serum and Milk with Different SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines in Breastfeeding Women: A Cross-Sectional Study in Northern Spain. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:ijerph18168831. [PMID: 34444579 PMCID: PMC8393848 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18168831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Breastfeeding mothers were excluded from the clinical trials conducted for vaccines against SARS-CoV-2. Since the start of the vaccination, some doubts have arisen regarding its compatibility with breastfeeding. The aim of this study was to analyse the presence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in breast milk and serum (IgG and IgA) of vaccinated breastfeeding women. The main variables of the observational study were: adverse related events after vaccination and determination of the presence of IgG and IgA isotypes antibodies in serum and in breast milk of vaccinated women against the SARS-CoV-2 antigens. Results: 110 breastfeeding mothers were included; 70 women (63.6%) were vaccinated with two doses of BNT162b2, 20 women (18.2%) with two doses of mRNA-1273, and 20 women (18.2%) with a single dose of ChAdOx1-S. Regarding adverse reactions and vaccine safety, 38 women had no adverse reactions; 20 (18.2%) had general malaise or adenopathies; 10 (9.1%) had a headache; and 7 (6.4%) had fever. When analysing IgG antibodies, significantly higher levels of antibodies were found in serum and breast milk from mothers vaccinated with BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273 vs. ChAdOx1-S (p < 0.001 and p = 0.001, respectively). Analysing IgA antibodies, significant differences were found when comparing mean values in serum from mothers vaccinated with BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273 vs. ChAdOx1-S (0.12, 0.16, and 0.02, respectively; p < 0.001) and breast milk of mothers vaccinated when comparing BNT16b2 vs. ChAdOx1-S. All vaccinated breastfeeding mothers had serum anti-S1 IgG antibodies in response to vaccination against SARS-CoV-2, regardless of the commercial vaccine administered. Conclusions: the anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccines were well tolerated by the mothers and the breastfed infant. In addition, breastfeeding mothers offer their infants IgA and IgG isotype antibodies directed against SARS-CoV-2 protein S in breast milk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Lechosa-Muñiz
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Cantabria, Avda Valdecilla s/n. C.P., 39008 Santander, Cantabria, Spain;
- Breastfeeding Coordinator, IBCLC, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, C.P., 39008 Santander, Cantabria, Spain
| | - María Paz-Zulueta
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Cantabria, Avda Valdecilla s/n. C.P., 39008 Santander, Cantabria, Spain;
- Grupo de Investigación en Derecho Sanitario y Bioética, GRIDES, IDIVAL, C/ Cardenal Herrera Oria s/n. C.P., 39011 Santander, Cantabria, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Jose Manuel Mendez-Legaza
- Department of Microbiology, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, C.P., 39008 Santander, Cantabria, Spain; (J.M.M.-L.); (J.C.M.)
| | - Juan Irure-Ventura
- Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, IDIVAL, C.P., 39008 Santander, Cantabria, Spain; (J.I.-V.); (M.L.-H.)
| | - Rocío Cuesta González
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, C.P., 39008 Santander, Cantabria, Spain;
| | - Jorge Calvo Montes
- Department of Microbiology, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, C.P., 39008 Santander, Cantabria, Spain; (J.M.M.-L.); (J.C.M.)
| | - Marcos López-Hoyos
- Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, IDIVAL, C.P., 39008 Santander, Cantabria, Spain; (J.I.-V.); (M.L.-H.)
- Laboratory, Molecular Biology Department, University of Cantabria, Avenida del Cardenal Herrera Oria 2, C.P., 39010 Santander, Cantabria, Spain
| | - Javier Llorca
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Avenida del Cardenal Herrera Oria 2, C.P., 39010 Santander, Cantabria, Spain; (J.L.); (M.J.C.-P.)
- CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), C.P., 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Jesús Cabero-Pérez
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Avenida del Cardenal Herrera Oria 2, C.P., 39010 Santander, Cantabria, Spain; (J.L.); (M.J.C.-P.)
- Pediatrics Section, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, C.P., 39008 Santander, Cantabria, Spain
- IDIVAL, C/ Cardenal Herrera Oria s/n. C.P., 39011 Santander, Cantabria, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Demers-Mathieu V, DaPra C, Fels S, Medo E. Receptor-binding Domain Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2-specific Antibodies in Human Milk From Mothers With Coronavirus Disease 2019 Polymerase Chain Reaction or With Symptoms Suggestive of Coronavirus Disease 2019. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2021; 73:125-8. [PMID: 33938523 DOI: 10.1097/MPG.0000000000003158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to compare the receptor-binding domain (RBD) severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-specific antibody titers in human milk between mothers with a confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test and mothers with viral symptoms suggestive of COVID-19. The area under the curve (AUC) for RBD SARS-CoV-2-specific secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA)/immunoglobulin A (IgA), secretory immunoglobulin M (SIgM)/immunoglobulin M (IgM), immunoglobulin G (IgG), and free secretory components (fSC) in milk samples from eight mothers with a confirmed COVID-19 PCR, eight mothers with viral symptoms (no PCR testing), and six unexposed mothers (pre-pandemic 2018). AUCs of RBD SARS-CoV-2-specific SIgA/IgA, SIgM/IgM, IgG, and fSC in milk samples were comparable between mothers with confirmed COVID-19 PCR and mothers with viral symptoms of suggestive COVID-19. AUCs of RBD-specific SIgA/IgA, IgG, and fSC were higher in the COVID-19-exposed group than in the unexposed group, and SIgM/IgM tended to be higher in the exposed mothers. In conclusion, women with viral symptoms suggestive of COVID-19 could secrete antibodies and fSC specific to SARS-CoV-2 in human milk.
Collapse
|
21
|
Rahman Qazi K, Jensen GB, van der Heiden M, Björkander S, Marchini G, Jenmalm MC, Abrahamsson T, Sverremark-Ekström E. Extreme prematurity and sepsis strongly influence frequencies and functional characteristics of circulating γδ T and natural killer cells. Clin Transl Immunology 2021; 10:e1294. [PMID: 34136218 PMCID: PMC8192243 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Extremely low gestational age neonates with extremely low birthweight (ELGAN/ELBW) are highly susceptible to infection. This is linked to their relatively immature immune system which is not yet fully compatible with an extra‐uterine environment. Here, we performed a longitudinal characterisation of unconventional T and natural killer (NK) cells in ELGAN/ELBW during their first months of life. Methods Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were collected from 97 ELGAN/ELBW at 14 and 28 days of life and at a time point corresponding to postmenstrual week 36 + 0. γδ T‐cell, NKT‐cell, mucosa‐associated invariant T‐cell and NK cell frequencies and characteristics were analysed by flow cytometry. As control, cells from 14‐day‐old full‐term (FT) infants were included. Results Extreme prematurity had significant bearing on γδ T‐cell and NK cell frequencies and characteristics. ELGAN/ELBW had significantly higher proportions of γδ T cells that were skewed towards effector and effector memory phenotypes, characteristics that were maintained throughout the study period. Expression of the gut homing receptor CCR9 was also more common in γδ T cells from ELGAN/ELBW. Conversely, NK cell frequencies were markedly lower and skewed towards a cytotoxic phenotype in the ELGAN/ELBW group at 14 days of age. Culture‐proven sepsis with an onset during the first 14 days after birth further manifested these differences in the γδ T‐ and NK cell populations at 14 days of age. Conclusion Prematurity strongly influences the levels of γδ T and NK cells, in particular in cases where sepsis debuts during the first 2 weeks of life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khaleda Rahman Qazi
- Department of Molecular Biosciences The Wenner-Gren Institute Stockholm University Stockholm Sweden
| | - Georg B Jensen
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences Linköping University Linköping Sweden.,Department of Paediatrics Linköping University Linköping Sweden
| | - Marieke van der Heiden
- Department of Molecular Biosciences The Wenner-Gren Institute Stockholm University Stockholm Sweden
| | - Sophia Björkander
- Department of Molecular Biosciences The Wenner-Gren Institute Stockholm University Stockholm Sweden
| | - Giovanna Marchini
- Department of Women's and Children's Health Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
| | - Maria C Jenmalm
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences Linköping University Linköping Sweden
| | - Thomas Abrahamsson
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences Linköping University Linköping Sweden.,Department of Paediatrics Linköping University Linköping Sweden
| | - Eva Sverremark-Ekström
- Department of Molecular Biosciences The Wenner-Gren Institute Stockholm University Stockholm Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Wagner C, Torow N, Hornef MW, Lelouard H. Spatial and temporal key steps in early-life intestinal immune system development and education. FEBS J 2021; 289:4731-4757. [PMID: 34076962 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Education of our intestinal immune system early in life strongly influences adult health. This education strongly relies on series of events that must occur in well-defined time windows. From initial colonization by maternal-derived microbiota during delivery to dietary changes from mother's milk to solid foods at weaning, these early-life events have indeed long-standing consequences on our immunity, facilitating tolerance to environmental exposures or, on the contrary, increasing the risk of developing noncommunicable diseases such as allergies, asthma, obesity, and inflammatory bowel diseases. In this review, we provide an outline of the recent advances in our understanding of these events and how they are mechanistically related to intestinal immunity development and education. First, we review the susceptibility of neonates to infections and inflammatory diseases, related to their immune system and microbiota changes. Then, we highlight the maternal factors involved in protection and education of the mucosal immune system of the offspring, the role of the microbiota, and the nature of neonatal immune system until weaning. We also present how the development of some immune responses is intertwined in temporal and spatial windows of opportunity. Finally, we discuss pending questions regarding the neonate particular immune status and the activation of the intestinal immune system at weaning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Camille Wagner
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Marseille, France
| | - Natalia Torow
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, RWTH University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Mathias W Hornef
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, RWTH University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Lopes MG, Alharthi AS, Lopreiato V, Abdel-Hamied E, Liang Y, Coleman DN, Dai H, Corrêa MN, Socha MT, Ballou MA, Trevisi E, Loor JJ. Maternal supplementation with cobalt sources, folic acid, and rumen-protected methionine and its effects on molecular and functional correlates of the immune system in neonatal Holstein calves. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:9340-9354. [PMID: 33985772 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-19674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Calves born to multiparous Holstein cows fed during the last 30 d of pregnancy 2 different cobalt sources [cobalt glucoheptonate (CoPro) or cobalt pectin (CoPectin)], folic acid (FOA), and rumen-protected methionine (RPM) were used to study neonatal immune responses after ex vivo lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge. Groups were (n = 12 calves/group) CoPro, FOA+CoPro, FOA+CoPectin, and FOA+CoPectin+RPM. Calves were weighed at birth and blood collected at birth (before colostrum), 21 d of age, and 42 d of age (at weaning). Growth performance was recorded once a week during the first 6 wk of age. Energy metabolism, inflammation, and antioxidant status were assessed at birth through various plasma biomarkers. Whole blood was challenged with 3 µg/mL of LPS or used for phagocytosis and oxidative burst assays. Target genes evaluated by real-time quantitative PCR in whole blood samples were associated with immune response, antioxidant function, and 1-carbon metabolism. The response in mRNA abundance in LPS challenged versus nonchallenged samples was assessed via Δ = LPS challenged - LPS nonchallenged samples. Phagocytosis capacity and oxidative burst activity were measured in neutrophils and monocytes, with data reported as ratio (percentage) of CD14 to CH138A-positive cells. Data including all time points were subjected to ANOVA using PROC MIXED in SAS 9.4 (SAS Institute Inc.), with Treatment, Sex, Age, and Treatment × Age as fixed effects. A 1-way ANOVA was used to determine differences at birth, with Treatment and Sex as fixed effects. Calf birth body weight and other growth parameters did not differ between groups. At birth, plasma haptoglobin concentration was lower in FOA+CoPro compared with CoPro calves. We detected no effect for other plasma biomarkers or immune function due to maternal treatments at birth. Compared with CoPro, in response to LPS challenge, whole blood from FOA+CoPectin and FOA+CoPectin+RPM calves had greater mRNA abundance of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM1). No effect for other genes was detectable. Regardless of maternal treatments, sex-specific responses were observed due to greater plasma concentrations of haptoglobin, paraoxonase, total reactive oxygen metabolites, nitrite, and β-carotene in female versus male calves at birth. In contrast, whole blood from male calves had greater mRNA abundance of IRAK1, CADM1, and ITGAM in response to LPS challenge at birth. The longitudinal analysis of d 0, 21, and 42 data revealed greater bactericidal permeability-increasing protein (BPI) mRNA abundance in whole blood from FOA+CoPectin versus FOA+CoPro calves, coupled with greater abundance in FOA+CoPro compared with CoPro calves. Regardless of maternal treatments, most genes related to cytokines and cytokine receptors (IL1B, IL10, TNF, IRAK1, CXCR1), toll-like receptor pathway (TLR4, NFKB1), adhesion and migration (ICAM1, ITGAM), antimicrobial function (MPO), and antioxidant function (GPX1) were downregulated over time. Phagocytosis capacity and oxidative burst activity in both neutrophils and monocytes did not differ due to maternal treatment. Regardless of maternal treatments, we observed an increase in the percentage of neutrophils capable of phagocytosis and oxidative burst activity over time. Overall, these preliminary assessments suggested that maternal supplementation with FOA and Co combined with RPM had effects on a few plasma biomarkers of inflammation at birth and molecular responses associated with inflammatory mechanisms during the neonatal period.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M G Lopes
- Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801; NUPEEC (Núcleo de Pesquisa, Ensino e Extensão em Pecuária), Departamento de Clínicas Veterinária, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 96010-610, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - A S Alharthi
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - V Lopreiato
- Department of Animal Sciences, Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Science, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
| | - E Abdel-Hamied
- Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt
| | - Y Liang
- Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801
| | - D N Coleman
- Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801
| | - H Dai
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - M N Corrêa
- NUPEEC (Núcleo de Pesquisa, Ensino e Extensão em Pecuária), Departamento de Clínicas Veterinária, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 96010-610, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - M T Socha
- Zinpro Corporation, Eden Prairie, MN 55344
| | - M A Ballou
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock 79409
| | - E Trevisi
- Department of Animal Sciences, Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Science, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
| | - J J Loor
- Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Modi N, Ayres-de-Campos D, Bancalari E, Benders M, Briana D, Di Renzo GC, Fonseca EB, Hod M, Poon L, Cortes MS, Simeoni U, Tscherning C, Vento M, Visser GHA, Voto L. Equity in coronavirus disease 2019 vaccine development and deployment. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2021; 224:423-427. [PMID: 33460584 PMCID: PMC7810027 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2021.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic exposed weaknesses in multiple domains and widened gender-based inequalities across the world. It also stimulated extraordinary scientific achievement by bringing vaccines to the public in less than a year. In this article, we discuss the implications of current vaccination guidance for pregnant and lactating women, if their exclusion from the first wave of vaccine trials was justified, and if a change in the current vaccine development pathway is necessary. Pregnant and lactating women were not included in the initial severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 vaccine trials. Therefore, perhaps unsurprisingly, the first vaccine regulatory approvals have been accompanied by inconsistent advice from public health, governmental, and professional authorities around the world. Denying vaccination to women who, although pregnant or breastfeeding, are fully capable of autonomous decision making is a throwback to a paternalistic era. Conversely, lack of evidence generated in a timely manner, upon which to make an informed decision, shifts responsibility from research sponsors and regulators and places the burden of decision making upon the woman and her healthcare advisor. The World Health Organization, the Task Force on Research Specific to Pregnant Women and Lactating Women, and others have highlighted the long-standing disadvantage experienced by women in relation to the development of vaccines and medicines. It is uncertain whether there was sufficient justification for excluding pregnant and lactating women from the initial severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 vaccine trials. In future, we recommend that regulators mandate plans that describe the development pathway for new vaccines and medicines that address the needs of women who are pregnant or lactating. These should incorporate, at the outset, a careful consideration of the balance of the risks of exclusion from or inclusion in initial studies, patient and public perspectives, details of “developmental and reproductive toxicity” studies, and approaches to collect data systematically from participants who are unknowingly pregnant at the time of exposure. This requires careful consideration of any previous knowledge about the mode of action of the vaccine and the likelihood of toxicity or teratogenicity. We also support the view that the default position should be a “presumption of inclusion,” with exclusion of women who are pregnant or lactating only if justified on specific, not generic, grounds. Finally, we recommend closer coordination across countries with the aim of issuing consistent public health advice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neena Modi
- Section of Neonatal Medicine, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital campus, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Diogo Ayres-de-Campos
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, Santa Maria University Hospital, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Eduardo Bancalari
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - Manon Benders
- Department of Neonatology, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Despina Briana
- Third Department of Pediatrics, Athens University Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Gian Carlo Di Renzo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Centre for Perinatal and Reproductive Medicine, University of Perugia, Italy
| | - Eduardo Borges Fonseca
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Paraiba Federal University, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Moshe Hod
- Mor Comprehensive Women's Health Care Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Liona Poon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Magda Sanz Cortes
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Umberto Simeoni
- Division of Pediatrics, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Maximo Vento
- Division of Neonatology, University and Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Gerald H A Visser
- Department of Obstetrics, University Medical Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Liliana Voto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Mathä L, Martinez-Gonzalez I, Steer CA, Takei F. The Fate of Activated Group 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells. Front Immunol 2021; 12:671966. [PMID: 33968080 PMCID: PMC8100346 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.671966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) reside in both mucosal and non-mucosal tissues and play critical roles in the first line of defense against parasites and irritants such as allergens. Upon activation by cytokines released from epithelial and stromal cells during tissue damage or stimulation, ILC2s produce copious amounts of IL-5 and IL-13, leading to type 2 inflammation. Over the past 10 years, ILC2 involvement in a variety of human diseases has been unveiled. However, questions remain as to the fate of ILC2s after activation and how that might impact their role in chronic inflammatory diseases such as asthma and fibrosis. Here, we review studies that have revealed novel properties of post-activation ILC2s including the generation of immunological memory, exhausted-like phenotype, transdifferentiation and activation-induced migration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Mathä
- Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Catherine A Steer
- Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Fumio Takei
- Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Chambers CA, Lacey CA, Brown DC, Skyberg JA. Nitric oxide inhibits interleukin-1-mediated protection against Escherichia coli K1-induced sepsis and meningitis in a neonatal murine model. Immunol Cell Biol 2021; 99:596-610. [PMID: 33550610 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Neonatal meningitis-associated Escherichia coli (NMEC) is a leading cause of sepsis and meningitis in newborn infants. Neonates are known to have impaired inflammasome activation and interleukin (IL)-1 production. However, it is unknown what role this plays in the context of NMEC infection. Here we investigated the role of IL-1 signaling in the pathogenesis of NMEC infection. We found both IL-1β and IL-1α were secreted from macrophages and microglial cells in response to NMEC in a Toll-like receptor 4- and NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NPLR3)-dependent manner. Intracerebral infection of adult mice indicated a protective role of IL-1 signaling during NMEC infection. However, IL-1 receptor blockade in wild-type neonatal mice did not significantly alter bacterial loads in the blood or brain, and we, therefore, investigated whether protection conferred by IL-1 was age dependent. Neonates are known to have increased nitric oxide (NO) levels compared with adults, and we found NO inhibited the secretion of IL-1 by macrophages in response to NMEC. In contrast to our results in wild-type neonates, blockade of IL-1 receptor in neonates lacking inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) led to significantly increased bacterial loads in the blood and brain. These data indicate IL-1 signaling is protective during NMEC infection in neonates only when iNOS is absent. Collectively, our findings suggest that increased NO production by neonates inhibits IL-1 production, and that this suppresses the protective role of IL-1 signaling in response to NMEC infection. This may indicate a general mechanism for increased susceptibility of neonates to infection and could lead to new therapeutic strategies in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine A Chambers
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Carolyn A Lacey
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.,Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Dana C Brown
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Jerod A Skyberg
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Abstract
Childhood vaccines have been the cornerstone tool of public health over the past century. A major barrier to neonatal vaccination is the “immaturity” of the infant immune system and the inefficiency of conventional vaccine approaches at inducing immunity at birth. While much of the literature on fetal and neonatal immunity has focused on the early life propensity toward immune tolerance, recent studies indicate that the fetus is more immunologically capable than previously thought, and can, in some circumstances, mount adaptive B and T cell responses to perinatal pathogens in utero. Although significant hurdles remain before these findings can be translated into vaccines and other protective strategies, they should lend optimism to the prospect that neonatal and even fetal vaccination is achievable. Next steps toward this goal should include efforts to define the conditions for optimal stimulation of infant immune responses, including antigen timing, dose, and route of delivery, as well as antigen presentation pathways and co-stimulatory requirements. A better understanding of these factors will enable optimal deployment of vaccines against malaria and other pathogens to protect infants during their period of greatest vulnerability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Perri C Callaway
- Infectious Diseases and Immunity Graduate Group, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States.,Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Lila A Farrington
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Margaret E Feeney
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Koren N, Zubeidat K, Saba Y, Horev Y, Barel O, Wilharm A, Heyman O, Wald S, Eli-Berchoer L, Shapiro H, Nadler C, Elinav E, Wilensky A, Prinz I, Bercovier H, Hovav AH. Maturation of the neonatal oral mucosa involves unique epithelium-microbiota interactions. Cell Host Microbe 2021; 29:197-209.e5. [PMID: 33412104 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2020.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Postnatal host-microbiota interplay governs mucosal homeostasis and is considered to have life-long health consequences. The intestine monolayer epithelium is critically involved in such early-life processes; nevertheless, the role of the oral multilayer epithelium remains ill defined. We demonstrate that unlike the intestine, the neonate oral cavity is immensely colonized by the microbiota that decline to adult levels during weaning. Neutrophils are present in the oral epithelium prenatally, and exposure to the microbiota postnatally further recruits them to the preamble neonatal epithelium by γδT17 cells. These neutrophils virtually disappear during weaning as the epithelium seals. The neonate and adult epithelium display distinct turnover kinetics and transcriptomic signatures, with neonate epithelium reminiscent of the signature found in germ-free mice. Microbial reduction during weaning is mediated by the upregulation of saliva production and induction of salivary antimicrobial components by the microbiota. Collectively, unique postnatal interactions between the multilayer epithelium and microbiota shape oral homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noam Koren
- Institute of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Khaled Zubeidat
- Institute of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yasmin Saba
- Institute of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yael Horev
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Or Barel
- Institute of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Anneke Wilharm
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Oded Heyman
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Sharon Wald
- Institute of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Luba Eli-Berchoer
- Institute of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Hagit Shapiro
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Chen Nadler
- Oral Medicine Department, Hebrew University, Hadassah School of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem
| | - Eran Elinav
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Asaf Wilensky
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Immo Prinz
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Hillel Bercovier
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Avi-Hai Hovav
- Institute of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Reuschel E, Toelge M, Haeusler S, Deml L, Seelbach-Goebel B, Solano ME. Perinatal Gram-Positive Bacteria Exposure Elicits Distinct Cytokine Responses In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010332. [PMID: 33396944 PMCID: PMC7795300 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
During pregnancy, infections caused by the gram-positive bacteria Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis), Streptococcus agalacticae (S. agalacticae), and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) are major reasons for preterm labor, neonatal prematurity, meningitis, or sepsis. Here, we propose cytokine responses to bacterial infections by the immature perinatal immune system as central players in the pathogenesis of preterm birth and neonatal sepsis. We aimed to close the gap in knowledge about such cytokine responses by stimulating freshly isolated umbilical blood mononuclear cells (UBMC) with lysates of E. faecalis, S. agalacticae, and S. aureus collected from pregnant women in preterm labor. Bacterial lysates and, principally, S. aureus and S. agalacticae distinctly triggered most of the eleven inflammatory, anti-inflammatory, TH1/TH2 cytokines, and chemokines quantified in UBMC culture media. Chemokines depicted the most robust induction. Among them, MIP-1β was further enhanced in UBMC from female compered to male newborn infants. Due to its stability and high levels, we investigated the diagnostic value of IL-8. IL-8 was critically upregulated in cord blood of preterm neonates suffering from infections compared to gestational age-matched controls. Our results provide novel clues about perinatal immunity, underscoring a potential value of IL-8 for the timely detection of infections and suggesting that MIP-1β constitutes an early determinant of sex-specific immunity, which may contribute, e.g., to male’s vulnerability to preterm birth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edith Reuschel
- University Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology At The Hospital St. Hedwig of The Order of St. John, University of Regensburg, 93049 Regensburg, Germany; (S.H.); (B.S.-G.)
- Correspondence: (E.R.); (M.E.S.)
| | - Martina Toelge
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (M.T.); (L.D.)
| | - Sebastian Haeusler
- University Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology At The Hospital St. Hedwig of The Order of St. John, University of Regensburg, 93049 Regensburg, Germany; (S.H.); (B.S.-G.)
| | - Ludwig Deml
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (M.T.); (L.D.)
| | - Birgit Seelbach-Goebel
- University Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology At The Hospital St. Hedwig of The Order of St. John, University of Regensburg, 93049 Regensburg, Germany; (S.H.); (B.S.-G.)
| | - Maria Emilia Solano
- Department of Obstetrics and Feto-Maternal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
- Correspondence: (E.R.); (M.E.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Lopes MG, Alharthi AS, Lopreiato V, Abdel-Hamied E, Liang Y, Coleman DN, Dai H, Corrêa MN, Fernandez C, Loor JJ. Maternal body condition influences neonatal calf whole-blood innate immune molecular responses to ex vivo lipopolysaccharide challenge. J Dairy Sci 2020; 104:2266-2279. [PMID: 33246612 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-18948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Managing body condition in dairy cows during the close-up period could alter the availability of nutrients to the fetus during the final growth stages in utero. We investigated how maternal body condition score (BCS) in late pregnancy affected calf whole-blood mRNA abundance and IL-1β concentrations after ex vivo lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge. Thirty-eight multiparous Holstein cows and their calves from a larger cohort were retrospectively grouped by prepartal BCS as normal BCS (≤3.25; n = 22; NormBCS) and high BCS (≥3.75; n = 16; HighBCS). Calf blood samples collected at birth (before receiving colostrum, d 0) and at ages 21 and 42 d (at weaning) were used for ex vivo whole-blood challenge with 3 µg/mL of LPS before mRNA isolation. Target genes evaluated by real-time quantitative PCR were associated with immune response, antioxidant function, and 1-carbon metabolism. Plasma IL-1β concentrations were also measured. Responses in plasma IL-1β and mRNA abundance were compared between LPS-challenged and nonchallenged samples. Statistical analyses were performed at all time points using a MIXED model in SAS 9.4. Neither birth body weight (NormBCS = 43.8 ± 1.01 kg; HighBCS = 43.9 ± 1.2 kg) nor colostrum IgG concentration (NormBCS = 70 ± 5.4 mg/mL; HighBCS = 62 ± 6.5 mg/mL) differed between groups. At birth, whole blood from calves born to HighBCS cows had greater mRNA abundance of IL1B, NFKB1, and GSR and lower GPX1 and CBS abundance after LPS challenge. The longitudinal analysis of d 0, 21, and 42 data revealed a BCS × age effect for SOD2 and NOS2 due to lower mRNA abundance at 42 d in the HighBCS calves. Regardless of maternal BCS, mRNA abundance decreased over time for genes encoding cytokines (IL1B, IL6, IL10, TNF), cytokine receptors (IRAK1, CXCR1), toll-like receptor pathway (TLR4, NFKB1), adhesion and migration (CADM1, ICAM1, ITGAM), and antimicrobial function (MPO). Concentration of IL-1β after LPS challenge was also markedly lower at 21 d regardless of maternal BCS. Overall, results suggested that maternal BCS in late prepartum influences the calf immune system response to an inflammation challenge after birth. Although few genes among those studied were altered due to maternal BCS, the fact that genes related to oxidative stress and 1-carbon metabolism responded to LPS challenge in HighBCS calves underscores the potential role of methyl donors (e.g., methionine, choline, and folic acid) in the early-life innate immune response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M G Lopes
- Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801; NUPEEC (Núcleo de Pesquisa, Ensino e Extensão em Pecuária), Departamento de Clínicas Veterinária, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 96010-610, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - A S Alharthi
- Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801; Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - V Lopreiato
- Department of Animal Sciences, Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Science, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
| | - E Abdel-Hamied
- Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni- Suef 62511, Egypt
| | - Y Liang
- Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801
| | - D N Coleman
- Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801
| | - H Dai
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - M N Corrêa
- NUPEEC (Núcleo de Pesquisa, Ensino e Extensão em Pecuária), Departamento de Clínicas Veterinária, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 96010-610, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - C Fernandez
- Animal Science Department, Universitàt Politècnica de Valencia, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - J J Loor
- Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Fraess GA, Sander S, Bronson E. PARAMETERS FOR IDENTIFYING FAILURE OF PASSIVE TRANSFER IN SITATUNGA ( TRAGELAPHUS SPEKII). J Zoo Wildl Med 2020; 51:259-64. [PMID: 32549553 DOI: 10.1638/2019-0199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Failure of passive transfer of immunity (FPT) leads to increased calf morbidity and mortality and requires intensive, time-sensitive, and often expensive management for nondomestic ruminants. Without species-specific information with which to make informed decisions, neonatal data from domestic ruminants are often extrapolated to nondomestic zoo-housed species. To date, there have been no studies evaluating FPT in sitatunga (Tragelaphus spekii). The goal of the present study was to establish parameters to characterize adequate passive transfer in sitatunga calves and compare them to published reference intervals in other species. Medical records of 22 sitatunga calves (12 female, 10 male) were reviewed. Seventeen of these calves were defined as "healthy," having survived at least 60 days without colostrum administration or a plasma transfusion. Calf weight, serum glucose, serum gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), total protein (TP), globulin concentrations, and results of a zinc sulfate turbidity test (ZSTT) were noted where possible. Mean birth weight of healthy calves at 24 hr was 4.5 kg (range: 3.76.5 kg, n = 12). The mean blood glucose in healthy calves was 152 mg/dl (range: 80-182, n = 16), mean serum TP concentration was 5.9 g/dl (range: 4.9-7.5, n = 16), mean serum globulin concentration was 3.3 g/dl (range: 1.7-4.7, n = 17), and mean serum GGT concentration was 466 U/L (range: 91-1901, n = 16). A ZSTT was performed for 10 healthy calves, resulting in four negative ZSTT results despite having no clinical signs of FPT and the calves having been observed nursing before testing. Sitatunga appear to have lower values for normal FPT parameters than those developed for domestic cattle. This study illustrates the difficulty of cross-species comparisons, as even closely related species can vary greatly in biologic parameters.
Collapse
|
32
|
New JS, Dizon BLP, Fucile CF, Rosenberg AF, Kearney JF, King RG. Neonatal Exposure to Commensal-Bacteria-Derived Antigens Directs Polysaccharide-Specific B-1 B Cell Repertoire Development. Immunity 2020; 53:172-186.e6. [PMID: 32610078 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2020.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
B-1 B cells derive from a developmental program distinct from that of conventional B cells, through B cell receptor (BCR)-dependent positive selection of fetally derived precursors. Here, we used direct labeling of B cells reactive with the N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc)-containing Lancefield group A carbohydrate of Streptococcus pyogenes to study the effects of bacterial antigens on the emergent B-1 B cell clonal repertoire. The number, phenotype, and BCR clonotypes of GlcNAc-reactive B-1 B cells were modulated by neonatal exposure to heat-killed S. pyogenes bacteria. GlcNAc-reactive B-1 clonotypes and serum antibodies were reduced in germ-free mice compared with conventionally raised mice. Colonization of germ-free mice with a conventional microbiota promoted GlcNAc-reactive B-1 B cell development and concomitantly elicited clonally related IgA+ plasma cells in the small intestine. Thus, exposure to microbial antigens in early life determines the clonality of the mature B-1 B cell repertoire and ensuing antibody responses, with implications for vaccination approaches and schedules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Stewart New
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Brian L P Dizon
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; National Institutes of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Christopher F Fucile
- Informatics Institute, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Alexander F Rosenberg
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; Informatics Institute, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - John F Kearney
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
| | - R Glenn King
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Gutiérrez-Reyna DY, Cedillo-Baños A, Kempis-Calanis LA, Ramírez-Pliego O, Bargier L, Puthier D, Abad-Flores JD, Thomas-Chollier M, Thieffry D, Medina-Rivera A, Spicuglia S, Santana MA. IL-12 Signaling Contributes to the Reprogramming of Neonatal CD8 + T Cells. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1089. [PMID: 32582178 PMCID: PMC7292210 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Neonates are highly susceptible to intracellular pathogens, leading to high morbidity and mortality rates. CD8+ T lymphocytes are responsible for the elimination of infected cells. Understanding the response of these cells to normal and high stimulatory conditions is important to propose better treatments and vaccine formulations for neonates. We have previously shown that human neonatal CD8+ T cells overexpress innate inflammatory genes and have a low expression of cytotoxic and cell signaling genes. To investigate the activation potential of these cells, we evaluated the transcriptome of human neonatal and adult naïve CD8+ T cells after TCR/CD28 signals ± IL-12. We found that in neonatal cells, IL-12 signals contribute to the adult-like expression of genes associated with cell-signaling, T-cell cytokines, metabolism, and cell division. Additionally, IL-12 signals contributed to the downregulation of the neutrophil signature transcription factor CEBPE and other immaturity related genes. To validate the transcriptome results, we evaluated the expression of a series of genes by RT-qPCR and the promoter methylation status on independent samples. We found that in agreement with the transcriptome, IL-12 signals contributed to the chromatin closure of neutrophil-like genes and the opening of cytotoxicity genes, suggesting that IL-12 signals contribute to the epigenetic reprogramming of neonatal lymphocytes. Furthermore, high expression of some inflammatory genes was observed in naïve and stimulated neonatal cells, in agreement with the high inflammatory profile of neonates to infections. Altogether our results point to an important contribution of IL-12 signals to the reprogramming of the neonatal CD8+ T cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Darely Y Gutiérrez-Reyna
- Centro de Investigación en Dinámica Celular (IICBA), Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Alejandra Cedillo-Baños
- Centro de Investigación en Dinámica Celular (IICBA), Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Linda A Kempis-Calanis
- Centro de Investigación en Dinámica Celular (IICBA), Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Oscar Ramírez-Pliego
- Centro de Investigación en Dinámica Celular (IICBA), Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Lisa Bargier
- Aix-Marseille University, TAGC, INSERM UMR1090, Marseille, France
| | - Denis Puthier
- Aix-Marseille University, TAGC, INSERM UMR1090, Marseille, France.,Equipe Labélisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Marseille, France
| | - Jose D Abad-Flores
- Aix-Marseille University, TAGC, INSERM UMR1090, Marseille, France.,Equipe Labélisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Marseille, France
| | - Morgane Thomas-Chollier
- Institut de Biologie de l'École Normale Supérieure (IBENS), Département de Biologie, École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, Paris, France
| | - Denis Thieffry
- Institut de Biologie de l'École Normale Supérieure (IBENS), Département de Biologie, École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, Paris, France
| | - Alejandra Medina-Rivera
- Laboratorio Internacional de Investigación sobre el Genoma Humano, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Juriquilla, Mexico
| | - Salvatore Spicuglia
- Aix-Marseille University, TAGC, INSERM UMR1090, Marseille, France.,Equipe Labélisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Marseille, France
| | - Maria A Santana
- Centro de Investigación en Dinámica Celular (IICBA), Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Abstract
Many functions of the immune system are impaired in neonates, allowing vulnerability to serious bacterial, viral and fungal infections which would otherwise not be pathogenic to mature individuals. This vulnerability is exacerbated in compromised newborns such as premature neonates and those who have undergone surgery or who require care in an intensive care unit. Higher susceptibility of preterm neonates to infections is associated with delayed immune system maturation, with deficiencies present in both the innate and adaptive immune components. Here, we review recent insights into early life immunity, and highlight features associated with compromised newborns, given the challenges of studying neonatal immunity in compromised neonates due to the transient nature of this period of life, and logistical and ethical obstacles posed by undertaking studies newborns and infants. Finally, we highlight how the unique immunological characteristics of the premature host play key roles in the pathogenesis of diseases that are unique to this population, including necrotizing enterocolitis and the associated sequalae of lung and brain injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maame Efua S Sampah
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - David J Hackam
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
van der Heiden M, Björkander S, Rahman Qazi K, Bittmann J, Hell L, Jenmalm MC, Marchini G, Vermijlen D, Abrahamsson T, Nilsson C, Sverremark‐Ekström E. Characterization of the γδ T-cell compartment during infancy reveals clear differences between the early neonatal period and 2 years of age. Immunol Cell Biol 2020; 98:79-87. [PMID: 31680329 PMCID: PMC7003854 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
γδ T cells are unconventional T cells that function on the border of innate and adaptive immunity. They are suggested to play important roles in neonatal and infant immunity, although their phenotype and function are not fully characterized in early childhood. We aimed to investigate γδ T cells in relation to age, prematurity and cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection. Therefore, we used flow cytometry to characterize the γδ T-cell compartment in cord blood and peripheral blood cells from 14-day-, 2-year- and 5-year-old children, as well as in peripheral blood samples collected at several time points during the first months of life from extremely premature neonates. γδ T cells were phenotypically similar at 2 and 5 years of age, whereas cord blood was divergent and showed close proximity to γδ T cells from 14-day-old neonates. Interestingly, 2-year-old children and adults showed comparable Vδ2+ γδ T-cell functionality toward both microbial and polyclonal stimulations. Importantly, extreme preterm birth compromised the frequencies of Vδ1+ cells and affected the functionality of Vδ2+ γδ T cells shortly after birth. In addition, CMV infection was associated with terminal differentiation of the Vδ1+ compartment at 2 years of age. Our results show an adult-like functionality of the γδ T-cell compartment already at 2 years of age. In addition, we demonstrate an altered γδ T-cell phenotype early after birth in extremely premature neonates, something which could possible contribute to the enhanced risk for infections in this vulnerable group of children.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aging/genetics
- Aging/immunology
- Child Development
- Child, Preschool
- Female
- Humans
- Infant, Newborn
- Infant, Premature/growth & development
- Infant, Premature/immunology
- Male
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marieke van der Heiden
- Department of Molecular BiosciencesThe Wenner‐Gren InstituteStockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
| | - Sophia Björkander
- Department of Molecular BiosciencesThe Wenner‐Gren InstituteStockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
| | - Khaleda Rahman Qazi
- Department of Molecular BiosciencesThe Wenner‐Gren InstituteStockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
| | - Julia Bittmann
- Department of Molecular BiosciencesThe Wenner‐Gren InstituteStockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
| | - Lena Hell
- Department of Molecular BiosciencesThe Wenner‐Gren InstituteStockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
| | - Maria C Jenmalm
- Department of Clinical and Experimental MedicineLinköping UniversityLinköpingSweden
| | - Giovanna Marchini
- Department of Women's and Children's HealthKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - David Vermijlen
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Pharmaceutics and Institute for Medical ImmunologyUniversité Libre de BruxellesBruxellesBelgium
| | - Thomas Abrahamsson
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Department of PaediatricsLinköping UniversityLinköpingSweden
| | - Caroline Nilsson
- Sachs’ Children and Youth HospitalSödersjukhusetStockholmSweden
- Department of Clinical Science and EducationSödersjukhusetKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Eva Sverremark‐Ekström
- Department of Molecular BiosciencesThe Wenner‐Gren InstituteStockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Bui CB, Kolodziej M, Lamanna E, Elgass K, Sehgal A, Rudloff I, Schwenke DO, Tsuchimochi H, Kroon MAGM, Cho SX, Maksimenko A, Cholewa M, Berger PJ, Young MJ, Bourke JE, Pearson JT, Nold MF, Nold-Petry CA. Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist Protects Newborn Mice Against Pulmonary Hypertension. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1480. [PMID: 31354700 PMCID: PMC6637286 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension secondary to bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD-PH) represents a major complication of BPD in extremely preterm infants for which there are currently no safe and effective interventions. The abundance of interleukin-1 (IL-1) is strongly correlated with the severity and long-term outcome of BPD infants and we have previously shown that IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) protects against murine BPD; therefore, we hypothesized that IL-1Ra may also be effective against BPD-PH. We employed daily injections of IL-1Ra in a murine model in which BPD/BPD-PH was induced by antenatal LPS and postnatal hyperoxia of 65% O2. Pups reared in hyperoxia for 28 days exhibited a BPD-PH-like disease accompanied by significant changes in pulmonary vascular morphology: micro-CT revealed an 84% reduction in small vessels (4-5 μm diameter) compared to room air controls; this change was prevented by IL-1Ra. Pulmonary vascular resistance, assessed at day 28 of life by echocardiography using the inversely-related surrogate marker time-to-peak-velocity/right ventricular ejection time (TPV/RVET), increased in hyperoxic mice (0.27 compared to 0.32 in air controls), and fell significantly with daily IL-1Ra treatment (0.31). Importantly, in vivo cine-angiography revealed that this protection afforded by IL-1Ra treatment for 28 days is maintained at day 60 of life. Despite an increased abundance of mediators of pulmonary angiogenesis in day 5 lung lysates, namely vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and endothelin-1 (ET-1), no difference was detected in ex vivo pulmonary vascular reactivity between air and hyperoxia mice as measured in precision cut lung slices, or by immunohistochemistry in alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and endothelin receptor type-A (ETA) at day 28. Further, on day 28 of life we observed cardiac fibrosis by Sirius Red staining, which was accompanied by an increase in mRNA expression of galectin-3 and CCL2 (chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2) in whole hearts of hyperoxic pups, which improved with IL-1Ra. In summary, our findings suggest that daily administration of the anti-inflammatory IL-1Ra prevents the increase in pulmonary vascular resistance and the pulmonary dysangiogenesis of murine BPD-PH, thus pointing to IL-1Ra as a promising candidate for the treatment of both BPD and BPD-PH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christine B Bui
- Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Emma Lamanna
- Department of Pharmacology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Kirstin Elgass
- Monash Micro Imaging, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Arvind Sehgal
- Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Monash Newborn, Monash Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ina Rudloff
- Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Daryl O Schwenke
- Department of Physiology-Heart Otago, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Hirotsugu Tsuchimochi
- Cardiac Physiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Japan
| | - Maurice A G M Kroon
- Department of Pharmacology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Department of Pharmacy, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Steven X Cho
- Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Anton Maksimenko
- Imaging and Medical Beamline, Australian Synchrotron, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Marian Cholewa
- Centre for Innovation and Transfer of Natural Sciences and Engineering Knowledge, University of Rzeszow, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Philip J Berger
- Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Morag J Young
- Centre for Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Jane E Bourke
- Department of Pharmacology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - James T Pearson
- Cardiac Physiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Japan.,Department of Physiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Marcel F Nold
- Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Claudia A Nold-Petry
- Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Amatuni GS, Sciortino S, Currier RJ, Naides SJ, Church JA, Puck JM. Reference intervals for lymphocyte subsets in preterm and term neonates without immune defects. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2019; 144:1674-1683. [PMID: 31220471 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2019.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In 6.5 years of newborn screening for severe combined immunodeficiency in California, 3,252,156 infants had DNA from dried blood spots (DBSs) assayed for T-cell receptor excision circles. Infants with T-cell receptor excision circle values of less than a designated cutoff on a single DBS, 2 DBS samples with insufficient PCR amplification, or known genetic risk of immunodeficiency had peripheral blood complete blood counts and lymphocyte subsets assayed in a single flow cytometry laboratory. Cases in which immune defects were ruled out were available for analysis. OBJECTIVE We sought to determine reference intervals for lymphocyte subsets in racially/ethnically diverse preterm and term newborns who proved to be unaffected by any T-lymphopenic immune disorder. METHODS Effective gestational age (GA) was defined as GA at birth plus postnatal age at the time of sample collection. After determining exclusion criteria, we analyzed demographic and clinical information, complete and differential white blood cell counts, and lymphocyte subsets for 301 infants, with serial measurements for 33 infants. Lymphocyte subset measurements included total T cells, helper and cytotoxic T-cell subsets, naive and memory phenotype of each T-cell subset, B cells, and natural killer cells. RESULTS Reference intervals were generated for absolute numbers and lymphocyte subsets from infants with effective GAs of 22 to 52 weeks. Sex and ethnicity were not significant determinants of lymphocyte subset counts in this population. Lymphocyte counts increased postnatally. CONCLUSION This study provides a baseline for interpreting comprehensive lymphocyte data in preterm and term infants, aiding clinicians to determine which newborns require further evaluations for immunodeficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- George S Amatuni
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, Calif; Stem Cell Institute, Department of Cell Biology, Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Stanley Sciortino
- Genetic Disease Screening Program, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, Calif
| | - Robert J Currier
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, Calif
| | - Stanley J Naides
- Immunology Department, Quest Diagnostics Nichols Institute, San Juan Capistrano, Calif
| | - Joseph A Church
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, Calif; Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, Calif
| | - Jennifer M Puck
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, Calif; Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif; Smith Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif; Benioff Children's Hospital, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Magrone T, Spagnoletta A, Bizzoca A, Russo MA, Jirillo E, Gennarini G. Polyphenol Effects on Splenic Cytokine Response in Post-Weaning Contactin 1-Overexpressing Transgenic Mice. Molecules 2019; 24:E2205. [PMID: 31212848 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24122205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: In mice, postnatal immune development has previously been investigated, and evidence of a delayed maturation of the adaptive immune response has been detected. Methods: In this study, the effects of red grape polyphenol oral administration on the murine immune response were explored using pregnant mice (TAG/F3 transgenic and wild type (wt) mice) as the animal model. The study was performed during pregnancy as well as during lactation until postnatal day 8. Suckling pups from polyphenol-administered dams as well as day 30 post-weaning pups (dietary-administered with polyphenols) were used. Polyphenol effects were evaluated, measuring splenic cytokine secretion. Results: Phorbol myristate acetate-activated splenocytes underwent the highest cytokine production at day 30 in both wt and TAG/F3 mice. In the latter, release of interferon (IFN)-γ and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α was found to be higher than in the wt counterpart. In this context, polyphenols exerted modulating activities on day 30 TAG/F3 mice, inducing release of interleukin (IL)-10 in hetero mice while abrogating release of IL-2, IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-4 in homo and hetero mice. Conclusion: Polyphenols are able to prevent the development of an inflammatory/allergic profile in postnatal TAG/F3 mice.
Collapse
|
39
|
Abstract
Fcγ receptors (FcγR) are cell surface glycoproteins that mediate cellular effector functions of immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies. Genetic variation in FcγR genes can influence susceptibility to a variety of antibody-mediated autoimmune and inflammatory disorders, including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). More recently, however, genetic studies have implicated altered FcγR signaling in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), a condition classically associated with dysregulated innate and T cell immunity. Specifically, a variant of the activating receptor, FcγRIIA, with low affinity for IgG, confers protection against the development of ulcerative colitis, a subset of IBD, leading to a re-evaluation of the role of IgG and FcγRs in gastrointestinal tract immunity, an organ system traditionally associated with IgA. In this review, we summarize our current understanding of IgG and FcγR function at this unique host-environment interface, from the pathogenesis of colitis and defense against enteropathogens, its contribution to maternal-fetal cross-talk and susceptibility to cancer. Finally, we discuss the therapeutic implications of this information, both in terms of how FcγR signaling pathways may be targeted for the treatment of IBD and how FcγR engagement may influence the efficacy of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies in IBD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Castro-Dopico
- Molecular Immunity Unit, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Menna R. Clatworthy
- Molecular Immunity Unit, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research CentreCambridge, United Kingdom
- Cellular Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Caballero-Flores G, Sakamoto K, Zeng MY, Wang Y, Hakim J, Matus-Acuña V, Inohara N, Núñez G. Maternal Immunization Confers Protection to the Offspring against an Attaching and Effacing Pathogen through Delivery of IgG in Breast Milk. Cell Host Microbe 2019; 25:313-323.e4. [PMID: 30686564 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2018.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Owing to immature immune systems and impaired colonization resistance mediated by the microbiota, infants are more susceptible to enteric infections. Maternal antibodies can provide immunity, with maternal vaccination offering a protective strategy. We find that oral infection of adult females with the enteric pathogen Citrobacter rodentium protects dams and offspring against oral challenge. Parenteral immunization of dams with heat-inactivated C. rodentium reduces pathogen loads and mortality in offspring but not mothers. IgG, but not IgA or IgM, transferred through breast milk to the intestinal lumen of suckling offspring, coats the pathogen and reduces intestinal colonization. Protective IgG largely recognizes virulence factors encoded within the locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE) pathogenicity island, including the adhesin Intimin and T3SS filament EspA, which are major antigens conferring protection. Thus, pathogen-specific IgG in breast milk induced during maternal infection or immunization protects neonates against infection with an attaching and effacing pathogen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Caballero-Flores
- Department of Pathology and Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Kei Sakamoto
- Department of Pathology and Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Melody Y Zeng
- Department of Pathology and Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Yaqiu Wang
- Department of Pathology and Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Program in Human Biology, School of Integrative and Global Majors, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-0006, Japan
| | - Jill Hakim
- Department of Pathology and Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Violeta Matus-Acuña
- Programa de Ecología Genómica, Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62210, Mexico; School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Naohiro Inohara
- Department of Pathology and Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Gabriel Núñez
- Department of Pathology and Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Li S, Ma F, Hao H, Wang D, Gao Y, Zhou J, Li F, Lin HC, Xiao X, Zeng Q. Marked elevation of circulating CD19 +CD38 hiCD24 hi transitional B cells give protection against neonatal sepsis. Pediatr Neonatol 2018; 59:296-304. [PMID: 29239829 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedneo.2017.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adequate functions of immunoregulation, mediated by regulatory cells such as IL-10 producing CD19+CD38hiCD24hi transitional B cells (Trans), play an important role in control of excessive inflammatory response. Yet, the role of Trans in neonatal sepsis is incompletely understood. We investigated the role of Trans in late-onset sepsis (LOS). METHODS We used multicolor flow cytometry to analyse the phenotypes of B cells drawn from a cohort of 16 neonatal late-onset sepsis (LOS) (12 survivors and 4 non-survivors) and 20 healthy neonates over time. RESULTS Patients undergone a serious decline of lymphocytes at the beginning of sepsis and then noticeable elevation during one week of follow-up had a good prognosis. Intriguingly, peripheral blood B cells, especially Trans, were the marked increase lymphocyte subset and maintained a high level of producing IL-10 during the 7 days of follow-up. CONCLUSION The level of IL-10 producing Trans was significantly elevated in peripheral blood of good prognosis newborns with LOS and might contribute to the successful immunoprotective state of the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sitao Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Neonatology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fei Ma
- Department of Neonatology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hu Hao
- Department of Neonatology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Desheng Wang
- Department of Neonatology, The Fifth People's Hospital of Dongguan, Dongguan, China
| | - Yu Gao
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jialiang Zhou
- Department of Neonatal Surgery, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fei Li
- Department of Neonatology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hung-Chih Lin
- Division of Neonatology, China Medical University Children Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Asia University Hospital, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Xin Xiao
- Department of Neonatology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Qiyi Zeng
- Department of Pediatrics, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Wisgrill L, Wessely I, Spittler A, Förster-Waldl E, Berger A, Sadeghi K. Human lactoferrin attenuates the proinflammatory response of neonatal monocyte-derived macrophages. Clin Exp Immunol 2018; 192:315-324. [PMID: 29393509 PMCID: PMC5980625 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioactive components of human milk, such as human lactoferrin (hLF), play an essential role in gut microbiome homeostasis and protection against neonatal inflammatory diseases. Neonatal intestinal macrophages display a proinflammatory profile that might contribute to inflammatory mucosal injury. Therefore, the aim of the study was to investigate the immunomodulatory effects of hLF on differentiation and activation of monocyte‐derived macrophages (moMϕ). Monocytes isolated from umbilical cord blood of term neonates and peripheral blood of healthy adults were differentiated in the absence or presence of hLF, and differentiation, apoptosis and phagocytosis were evaluated. Cytokine production, Toll‐like receptor (TLR) signalling and activation marker expression were investigated upon activation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and lipoteichoic acid (LTA) challenge. We demonstrate that hLF‐differentiated moMϕ exhibit decreased TLR‐4 expression, TLR signalling, proinflammatory cytokine secretion and intracellular tumour necrosis factor (TNF)‐α production. Investigation of differentiation markers, morphology and induction of apoptosis showed no alteration in lactoferrin‐differentiated moMϕ. Taken together, hLF promote anergic/anti‐inflammatory effects by TLR expression and pathway interference, resulting in a diminished proinflammatory moMϕ phenotype. The anergic/anti‐inflammatory properties of hLF might contribute to the prevention of harmful TLR‐mediated inflammatory disorders in the developing gut of premature infants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Wisgrill
- Division of Neonatology, Pediatric Intensive Care and Neuropediatrics, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - I Wessely
- Division of Neonatology, Pediatric Intensive Care and Neuropediatrics, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - A Spittler
- Department of Surgery and Core Facility Flow Cytometry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - E Förster-Waldl
- Division of Neonatology, Pediatric Intensive Care and Neuropediatrics, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - A Berger
- Division of Neonatology, Pediatric Intensive Care and Neuropediatrics, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - K Sadeghi
- Division of Neonatology, Pediatric Intensive Care and Neuropediatrics, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a common pathogen that infects virtually all children by 2 years of age and is the leading cause of hospitalization of infants worldwide. While most children experience mild symptoms, some children progress to severe lower respiratory tract infection. Those children with severe disease have a much higher risk of developing childhood wheezing later in life. Many risk factors are known to result in exacerbated disease, including premature birth and early age of RSV infection, when the immune system is relatively immature. The development of the immune system before and after birth may be altered by several extrinsic and intrinsic factors that could lead to severe disease predisposition in children who do not exhibit any currently known risk factors. Recently, the role of the microbiome and the resulting metabolite profile has been an area of intense study in the development of lung disease, including viral infection and asthma. This review explores both known risk factors that can lead to severe RSV-induced disease as well as emerging topics in the development of immunity to RSV and the long-term consequences of severe infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wendy Fonseca
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Nicholas W Lukacs
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.,University of Michigan, Mary H. Weiser Food Allergy Center, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Catherine Ptaschinski
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.,University of Michigan, Mary H. Weiser Food Allergy Center, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Miller D, Romero R, Unkel R, Xu Y, Vadillo-Ortega F, Hassan SS, Gomez-Lopez N. CD71+ erythroid cells from neonates born to women with preterm labor regulate cytokine and cellular responses. J Leukoc Biol 2018; 103:761-775. [PMID: 29389020 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.5a0717-291rrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Neonatal CD71+ erythroid cells are thought to have immunosuppressive functions. Recently, we demonstrated that CD71+ erythroid cells from neonates born to women who underwent spontaneous preterm labor (PTL) are reduced to levels similar to those of term neonates; yet, their functional properties are unknown. Herein, we investigated the functionality of CD71+ erythroid cells from neonates born to women who underwent spontaneous preterm or term labor. CD71+ erythroid cells from neonates born to women who underwent PTL displayed a similar mRNA profile to that of those from term neonates. The direct contact between preterm or term neonatal CD71+ erythroid cells and maternal mononuclear immune cells, but not soluble products from these cells, induced the release of proinflammatory cytokines and a reduction in the release of TGF-β. Moreover, PTL-derived neonatal CD71+ erythroid cells (1) modestly altered CD8+ T cell activation; (2) inhibited conventional CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell expansion; (3) suppressed the expansion of CD8+ regulatory T cells; (4) regulated cytokine responses mounted by myeloid cells in the presence of a microbial product; and (5) indirectly modulated T-cell cytokine responses. In conclusion, neonatal CD71+ erythroid cells regulate neonatal T-cell and myeloid responses and their direct contact with maternal mononuclear cells induces a proinflammatory response. These findings provide insight into the biology of neonatal CD71+ erythroid cells during the physiologic and pathologic processes of labor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Derek Miller
- Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA.,Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Roberto Romero
- Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA.,Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Ronald Unkel
- Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Yi Xu
- Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Felipe Vadillo-Ortega
- Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA.,Facultad de Medicina, UNAM, Branch at Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genomica, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Sonia S Hassan
- Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA.,Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Nardhy Gomez-Lopez
- Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA.,Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Ruckwardt TJ, Morabito KM, Bar-Haim E, Nair D, Graham BS. Neonatal mice possess two phenotypically and functionally distinct lung-migratory CD103(+) dendritic cell populations following respiratory infection. Mucosal Immunol 2018; 11:186-98. [PMID: 28378805 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2017.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The CD103+ subset of lung-migratory dendritic cells (DCs) plays an important role in the generation of CD8+ T cell responses following respiratory infection. Here, we demonstrate that the dependence on CD103+ DCs for stimulation of RSV-specific T cells is both epitope and age-dependent. CD103+ DCs in neonatal mice develop two phenotypically and functionally distinct populations following respiratory infection. Neonatal CD103+ DCs expressing low levels of CD103 (CD103lo DCs) and other lineage and maturation markers including costimulatory molecules are phenotypically immature and functionally limited. CD103lo DCs sorted from infected neonates were unable to stimulate cells of the KdM282-90 specificity, which are potently stimulated by CD103hi DCs sorted from the same animals. These data suggest that the delayed maturation of CD103+ DCs in the neonate limits the KdM282-90-specific response and explain the distinct CD8+ T cell response hierarchy displayed in neonatal mice that differs from the hierarchy seen in adult mice. These findings have implications for the development of early-life vaccines, where the promotion of responses with less age bias may prove advantageous. Alternately, specific approaches may be used to enhance the maturation and function of the CD103lo DC population in neonates to promote more adult-like T cell responses.
Collapse
|
46
|
Abstract
Neonatal heart transplantation was developed and established in the 1980's as a durable modality of therapy for complex-uncorrectable heart disease. Patients transplanted in the neonatal period have experienced unparalleled long-term survival, better than for any other form of solid-organ transplantation. However, the limited availability of neonatal and young infant donors has restricted the indications and applicability of heart transplantation among newborns in the current era. Indications for heart transplantation include congenital heart disease not amenable to other forms of surgical palliation, and cardiomyopathy, including some primary tumors. Use of ABO-incompatible transplants, and organs with prolonged cold ischemic time or marginal function have all been associated with good outcomes in infants. These extended strategies to increase the donor pool may also someday include donation after determination of circulatory death and the use of anencephalic donors. The operative techniques for donors and recipients of neonatal heart transplantation are unique and have been well-described. Immunosuppression protocols for neonates need not include induction and are largely steroid-free. Newborn and young infant transplant recipients have fewer episodes of rejection, less coronary allograft vasculopathy, less post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease and less renal dysfunction than their older counterparts. Long-term outcomes have been very encouraging in terms of graft survival, patient survival, and quality of life. Our review highlights the history, current indications, techniques and outcomes of heart transplantation in this immunologically-privileged subset of patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohan John
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Leonard L Bailey
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, Loma Linda, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Le Doare K, Bellis K, Faal A, Birt J, Munblit D, Humphries H, Taylor S, Warburton F, Heath PT, Kampmann B, Gorringe A. SIgA, TGF-β1, IL-10, and TNFα in Colostrum Are Associated with Infant Group B Streptococcus Colonization. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1269. [PMID: 29109718 PMCID: PMC5660603 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is a major cause of mortality and morbidity in infants and is associated with transmission from a colonized mother at birth and via infected breastmilk. Although maternal/infant colonization with GBS is common, the majority of infants exposed to GBS remain unaffected. The association between breastmilk immune factors and infant colonization and disease prevention has not been elucidated. Objectives We have investigated the association between SIgA and cytokines in breastmilk and infant GBS colonization and clearance. Methods Mother/infant GBS colonization was determined in a prospective cohort of 750 Gambian mother/infant pairs followed to day 89 of life. Anti-GBS secretory IgA bound to the surface of whole bacteria was assessed by flow cytometry and a panel of 12 cytokines quantified by mesoscale discovery in colostrum, breastmilk and serum. Results Compared with infants receiving low anti-GBS SIgA in colostrum, infants receiving high anti-GBS SIgA were at decreased risk of GBS colonization for serotypes III and V. Infants colonized at day 6 were twice as likely to receive colostrum with high TGF-β1, TNFα, IL10, and IL-6 compared to uncolonized infants. Infants receiving high colostral TGF-β1, TNFα, and IL-6 had two-fold enhanced GBS clearance between birth and day 89. Conclusion Our results suggest that the infant GBS colonization risk diminishes with increasing anti-GBS SIgA antibody in breastmilk and that key maternally derived cytokines might contribute to protection against infant colonization. These findings might be leveraged to develop interventions including maternal vaccination that may reduce infant GBS colonization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kirsty Le Doare
- Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.,Public Health England, Porton Down, United Kingdom.,MRC Unit, Fajara, Gambia.,Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Katie Bellis
- Public Health England, Porton Down, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Daniel Munblit
- Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.,I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia.,The In-FLAME Global Network, an Affiliate of the World Universities Network (WUN), West New York, United States
| | | | | | | | - Paul T Heath
- St George's University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Beate Kampmann
- Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.,MRC Unit, Fajara, Gambia
| | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Dvorak CMT, Payne BJ, Seate JL, Murtaugh MP. Effect of Maternal Antibody Transfer on Antibody Dynamics and Control of Porcine Circovirus Type 2 Infection in Offspring. Viral Immunol 2017; 31:40-46. [PMID: 28817375 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2017.0058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sow immunity plays an important role in preventing viral infection and disease in newborn piglets. Vertical transmission of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) may perpetuate porcine circovirus associated disease (PCVAD) in newborn and growing pigs. Hence, the immunological effects of maternal immunoglobulin transfer of PCV2-specific antibodies on PCV2 viremia and immune response in piglets in commercial swine herds were evaluated. Sow vaccination has been shown to reduce viral shedding and viremia, and increases the neutralizing antibody (NA) titers. Since NAs are important for control of PCVAD and mammary secretions may contain high anti-PCV2 NA levels, we examined the PCV2 NA levels in colostrum, milk, sow serum, and piglet serum over time to investigate an association between NA levels and protection against infection. NA titers were remarkably high (up to 10-6 50% neutralizing titer) in sow serum and colostrum on all farms regardless of viremia levels. In piglets vaccinated at 3 weeks of age, NA titers peaked at 10 weeks of age and continued to maintain high viral neutralizing titers to slaughter. The impact of maternally derived neutralizing activity was most evident during the suckling period. Although PCV2 was transmitted from sows to piglets in colostrum, piglets were largely nonviremic at weaning. Thus, NAs appear to control or suppress initial infection even though they are unable to clear or prevent infection later in life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl M T Dvorak
- 1 Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota , St. Paul, Minnesota
| | - Brian J Payne
- 2 Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica , Inc., St. Joseph, Missouri
| | - Jessica L Seate
- 2 Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica , Inc., St. Joseph, Missouri
| | - Michael P Murtaugh
- 1 Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota , St. Paul, Minnesota
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Wisgrill L, Groschopf A, Herndl E, Sadeghi K, Spittler A, Berger A, Förster-Waldl E. Reduced TNF-α response in preterm neonates is associated with impaired nonclassic monocyte function. J Leukoc Biol 2016; 100:607-12. [PMID: 26965638 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.4a0116-001rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Premature infants are highly susceptible to severe bacterial infections. The impaired infection control related to the functional immaturity of the neonatal innate immune system is an important cause of infection. Different monocyte subpopulations have been described and functionally characterized. However, data from preterm infants are scarce. We analyzed constitutive monocyte TLR2, TLR4, CD163, and HLA-DR expression in preterm cord blood. We further investigated activation of the signaling proteins ERK1/2 and NF-κB in monocyte subpopulations after ex vivo stimulation with the bacterial TLR agonists LPS and lipoteichoic acid. The functional outcome of the stimulation was determined by the intracellular production of TNF. Furthermore, the phagocytic activity was measured via flow cytometry. TLR4 and HLA-DR showed a gestational age-dependent increase. However, activation of ERK1/2 and NF-κB was impaired in neonatal monocyte subpopulations after stimulation with TLR agonists. Accordingly, intracellular TNF was diminished in preterm monocytes, especially in nonclassic monocytes. Premature monocytes showed high phagocytic activity, with significantly lower acidification of the phagosome. The reduced functional response of nonclassic monocytes of preterm neonates appears to be part of the diminished early immune response to bacterial cell wall components and is likely to contribute to their susceptibility to bacterial infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Wisgrill
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Pediatric Intensive Care and Neuropediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alina Groschopf
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Pediatric Intensive Care and Neuropediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Elisabeth Herndl
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Pediatric Intensive Care and Neuropediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kambis Sadeghi
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Pediatric Intensive Care and Neuropediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Spittler
- Department of Surgery and Core Facility Flow Cytometry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Angelika Berger
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Pediatric Intensive Care and Neuropediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Elisabeth Förster-Waldl
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Pediatric Intensive Care and Neuropediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Thysen AH, Rasmussen MA, Kreiner-Møller E, Larsen JM, Følsgaard NV, Bønnelykke K, Stokholm J, Bisgaard H, Brix S. Season of birth shapes neonatal immune function. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2015; 137:1238-1246.e13. [PMID: 26581916 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2015.08.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Revised: 07/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Birth season has been reported to be a risk factor for several immune-mediated diseases. We hypothesized that this association is mediated by differential changes in neonatal immune phenotype and function with birth season. OBJECTIVE We sought to investigate the influence of season of birth on cord blood immune cell subsets and inflammatory mediators in neonatal airways. METHODS Cord blood was phenotyped for 26 different immune cell subsets, and at 1 month of age, 20 cytokines and chemokines were quantified in airway mucosal lining fluid. Multivariate partial least squares discriminant analyses were applied to determine whether certain immune profiles dominate by birth season, and correlations between individual cord blood immune cells and early airway immune mediators were defined. RESULTS We found a birth season-related fluctuation in neonatal immune cell subsets and in early-life airway mucosal immune function. The seasonal airway immune pattern was associated with the number of activated and regulatory T cells in cord blood whereas it was independent of concomitant presence of pathogenic airway microbes. Specifically, summer newborns presented with the lowest levels of all cell types and mediators; fall newborns displayed high levels of activated T cells and mucosal IL-12p70, TNF-α, IL-13, IL-10, and IL-2; and winter newborns had the highest levels of innate immune cells, IL-5, type 17-related immune mediators, and activated T cells. CONCLUSION Birth season fluctuations seem to affect neonatal immune development and result in differential potentiation of cord blood immune cells and early airway mucosal immune function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Hammerich Thysen
- COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark
| | - Morten Arendt Rasmussen
- COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Spectroscopy and Chemometrics, Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Eskil Kreiner-Møller
- COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jeppe Madura Larsen
- COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark
| | - Nilofar Vahman Følsgaard
- COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Klaus Bønnelykke
- COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jakob Stokholm
- COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hans Bisgaard
- COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Susanne Brix
- Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|