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Yang D, Li J, Liang C, Tian L, Shi C, Hui N, Liu Y, Ling M, Xin L, Wan M, Li H, Zhao Q, Ren X, Liu H, Cao W. Syringa microphylla Diels: A comprehensive review of its phytochemical, pharmacological, pharmacokinetic, and toxicological characteristics and an investigation into its potential health benefits. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 93:153770. [PMID: 34678528 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Syringa microphylla Diels is a plant in the family Syringa Linn. For hundreds of years, its flowers and leaves have been used as a folk medicine for the treatment of cough, inflammation, colds, sore throat, acute hepatitis, chronic hepatitis, early liver cirrhosis, fatty liver, and oesophageal cancer. PURPOSE For the first time, we have comprehensively reviewed information on Syringa microphylla Diels that is not included in the Pharmacopoeia, clarified the pharmacological mechanisms of Syringa microphylla Diels and its active ingredients from a molecular biology perspective, compiled in vivo and in vitro animal experimental data and clinical data, and summarized the toxicology and pharmacokinetics of Syringa microphylla Diels. The progress in toxicology research is expected to provide a theoretical basis for the development of new drugs from Syringa microphylla Diels, a natural source of compounds that are potentially beneficial to human health. METHODS The PubMed, Google Scholar, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Web of Science, SciFinder Scholar and Thomson Reuters databases were utilized to conduct a comprehensive search of published literature as of July 2021 to find original literature related to Syringa microphylla Diels and its active ingredients. RESULTS To date, 72 compounds have been isolated and identified from Syringa microphylla Diels, and oleuropein, verbascoside, isoacteoside, echinacoside, forsythoside B, and eleutheroside B are the main active components. These compounds have antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective effects, and their safety and effectiveness have been demonstrated in long-term traditional applications. Molecular pharmacology experiments have indicated that the active ingredients of Syringa microphylla Diels exert their pharmacological effects in various ways, primarily by reducing oxidative stress damage via Nrf2/ARE pathway regulation, regulating inflammatory factors and inducing apoptosis through the MAPK and NF-κB pathways. CONCLUSION This comprehensive review of Syringa microphylla Diels provides new insights into the correlations among molecular mechanisms, the importance of toxicology and pharmacokinetics, and potential ways to address the limitations of current research. As Syringa microphylla Diels is a natural low-toxicity botanical medicine, it is worthy of development and utilization and is an excellent choice for treating various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Yang
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, PR China
| | - Jingyi Li
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, PR China
| | - Chengyuan Liang
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, PR China.
| | - Lei Tian
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, PR China; College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, PR China
| | - Chunyang Shi
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, PR China
| | - Nan Hui
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, PR China
| | - Yuan Liu
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, PR China
| | - Mei Ling
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, PR China
| | - Liang Xin
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, PR China
| | - Minge Wan
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Business & Commerce, Xi'an 712046, PR China
| | - Han Li
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, PR China
| | - Qianqian Zhao
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, PR China
| | - Xiaodong Ren
- Medical College, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, PR China.
| | - Hong Liu
- Zhuhai Jinan Selenium Source Nanotechnology Co., Ltd., Hengqin New Area, Zhuhai 519030, PR China.
| | - Wenqiang Cao
- Zhuhai Jinan Selenium Source Nanotechnology Co., Ltd., Hengqin New Area, Zhuhai 519030, PR China
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Qian L, Li JZ, Sun X, Chen JB, Dai Y, Huang QX, Jin YJ, Duan QN. Safinamide prevents lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation in macrophages by suppressing TLR4/NF-κB signaling. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 96:107712. [PMID: 34162132 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is a basal host defense response that eliminates the causes and consequences of infection and tissue injury. Macrophages are the primary immune cells involved in the inflammatory response. When activated by LPS, macrophages release various pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, inflammatory mediators, and MMPs. However, unbridled inflammation causes further damage to tissues. Safinamide is a selective and reversible monoamine oxidase B (MAOB) inhibitor that has been used for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether safinamide has effects on LPS-treated macrophages. Our results show that safinamide inhibited the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1α, TNF-α, and IL-6. Furthermore, safinamide suppressed the production of CXCL1 and CCL2, thereby preventing leukocyte migration. In addition, safinamide reduced iNOS-derived NO, COX-2-derived PGE2, MMP-2, and MMP-9. Importantly, the functions of safinamide mentioned above were found to be dependent on its inhibitory effect on the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway. Our data indicates that safinamide may exert a protective effect against inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- LuLu Qian
- Department of Pediatrics, Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225300, China
| | - Jun-Zhao Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225300, China
| | - XueMei Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225300, China
| | - Jie-Bin Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225300, China
| | - Ying Dai
- Department of Pediatrics, Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225300, China
| | - Qiu-Xiang Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225300, China
| | - Ying-Ji Jin
- Department of Pediatrics, Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225300, China
| | - Qing-Ning Duan
- Department of Pediatrics, Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225300, China.
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Lei H, Wang X, Zhang Y, Cheng T, Mi R, Xu X, Zu X, Zhang W. Herba Cistanche (Rou Cong Rong): A Review of Its Phytochemistry and Pharmacology. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2021; 68:694-712. [PMID: 32741910 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c20-00057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Herba Cistanche, known as Rou Cong Rong in Chinese, is a very valuable Chinese herbal medicine that has been recorded in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. Rou Cong Rong has been extensively used in clinical practice in traditional herbal formulations and has also been widely used as a health food supplement for a long time in Asian countries such as China and Japan. There are many bioactive compounds in Rou Cong Rong, the most important of which are phenylethanoid glycosides. This article summarizes the up-to-date information regarding the phytochemistry, pharmacology, processing, toxicity and safety of Rou Cong Rong to reveal its pharmacodynamic basis and potential therapeutic effects, which could be of great value for its use in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huibo Lei
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Yuhao Zhang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | | | - Rui Mi
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine
| | - Xike Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University
| | - Xianpeng Zu
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University
| | - Weidong Zhang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine.,School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University.,School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University
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Silva J, Mesquita R, Pinho E, Caldas A, Oliveira MECDR, Lopes CM, Lúcio M, Soares G. Incorporation of lipid nanosystems containing omega-3 fatty acids and resveratrol in textile substrates for wound healing and anti-inflammatory applications. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-019-1049-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Maprotiline inhibits COX2 and iNOS gene expression in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated U937 macrophages and carrageenan-induced paw edema in rats. Cent Eur J Immunol 2019; 44:15-22. [PMID: 31114432 PMCID: PMC6526590 DOI: 10.5114/ceji.2019.84011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Maprotiline, a tetracyclic antidepressant, is used for the management of mental disorders and various types of chronic pain. In our previous work, we found the inhibitory effect of maprotiline on inflammatory mediator’s expression like tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α and interleukin 1β (IL-1β. As part of that study, we sought to evaluate the effect of maprotiline on the expression of some inflammatory mediators such as cyclooxygenases 2 (COX2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). For this reason we used an in vitro model system of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated human U937 macrophages and also an in vivo model of carrageenan-induced paw edema in rats. We measured the expression of these genes by quantitative RT-real time PCR. The expression of COX2 and iNOS significantly decreased by maprotiline in U937 macrophages and carrageenan-induced paw inflammation in rats. Our finding also confirmed that intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of maprotiline inhibited carrageenan-induced paw edema. Moreover, maprotiline significantly decreased the migration of polymorphonuclear (PMN) leukocytes to the site of inflammation. The results of the present study provide further evidence for the anti-inflammatory effect of maprotiline. This effect appears to be mediated by down regulation of inflammatory genes. Further studies are needed to evaluate the complex cellular and molecular mechanisms of maprotiline.
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Marzouk MSA, Gamal-Eldeen AM, Mohamed MA, El-Sayed MM. Antioxidant and Anti-Proliferative Active Constituents of Tecoma Stans against Tumor Cell Lines. Nat Prod Commun 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x0600100908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A new phenylethanoid, 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl-,2-O-(6-deoxy-α-L-mannopyranosyl-,4-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-propenoate)-β-D-glucopyranoside (3) and a novel monoterpene alkaloid, 5-hydroxy-skytanthine hydrochloride (8), along with eleven known compounds have been isolated from Tecoma stans Juss. fruits and flowers. 4-O-E-Caffeoyl-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1′→3)-α/β-D-glucopyranose (1), E/Z-acetoside (2), isoacetoside (4), rutin (5), luteolin 7-O-β-D-neohespridoside (6), luteolin 7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (7) and sucrose (9) were isolated from the fruits, while luteolin 7-O-β-D-glucuronopyranoside (10), diosmetin 7-O-β-D-glucuronopyranoside (11), diosmetin 7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (12), diosmetin 7-O-β-D-glucuronopyranoside methyl ester (13), and 2 from the flowers. Their structures were determined on the basis of chemical and spectroscopic evidence. It was found that the extract of T. stans fruits and compounds 1, 2 and 4 possess strong scavenging activity to DPPH, peroxyl and hydroxyl radicals. Unlike 4, which potentially induced NO generation in bacterial lipopolysaccharide-stimulated Raw murine macrophages (RAW 264.7), the extract, and compounds 1, 2, and 8 significantly inhibited NO generation. The extract, and compounds 2 and 4 exhibited a cytotoxic effect on human hepatocarcinoma cells (Hep-G2), while the extract, 2 and 8 were potent growth inhibitors of human breast carcinoma (MCF-7). Also, 1 and 2 were remarkable growth inducers of human lymphoblastic leukemia cells (1301), whereas the extract, 2, and 8 stimulated the macrophage proliferation rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed SA Marzouk
- Chemistry of Tannins and Leather Technology Department, National Research Centre, El-Behooth St., El-Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Mona A Mohamed
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mortada M El-Sayed
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
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GRP78/BIP/HSPA5 as a Therapeutic Target in Models of Parkinson's Disease: A Mini Review. Adv Pharmacol Sci 2019; 2019:2706783. [PMID: 30949202 PMCID: PMC6425347 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2706783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder characterized by selective loss of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta of the midbrain. Reports from postmortem studies in the human PD brain, and experimental PD models reveal that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is implicated in the pathogenesis of PD. In times of stress, the unfolded or misfolded proteins overload the folding capacity of the ER to induce a condition generally known as ER stress. During ER stress, cells activate the unfolded protein response (UPR) to handle increasing amounts of abnormal proteins, and recent evidence has demonstrated the activation of the ER chaperone GRP78/BiP (78 kDa glucose-regulated protein/binding immunoglobulin protein), which is important for proper folding of newly synthesized and partly folded proteins to maintain protein homeostasis. Although the activation of this protein is essential for the initiation of the UPR in PD, there are inconsistent reports on its expression in various PD models. Consequently, this review article aims to summarize current knowledge on neuroprotective agents targeting the expression of GRP78/BiP in the regulation of ER stress in experimental PD models.
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Bahri S, Abdennabi R, Mlika M, Neji G, Jameleddine S, Ali RB. Effect of Phoenix dactylifera L. Sap Against Bleomycin-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis and Oxidative Stress in Rats: Phytochemical and Therapeutic Assessment. Nutr Cancer 2019; 71:781-791. [DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2018.1521442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sana Bahri
- Laboratory of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
- Laboratory of Physiopathology, Food and Biomolecules (LR-17-ES-03), Technology Center of SidiThabet, University of Manouba, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Raed Abdennabi
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Athens, Greece
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Mona Mlika
- Laboratory of Anatomy and Pathology, Abderhaman Mami Hospital, Ariana, Tunisia
| | - Gharsallah Neji
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Athens, Greece
| | - Saloua Jameleddine
- Laboratory of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
- Laboratory of Physiopathology, Food and Biomolecules (LR-17-ES-03), Technology Center of SidiThabet, University of Manouba, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Ridha Ben Ali
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
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Fu Z, Fan X, Wang X, Gao X. Cistanches Herba: An overview of its chemistry, pharmacology, and pharmacokinetics property. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 219:233-247. [PMID: 29054705 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Revised: 10/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cistanches Herba is an Orobanchaceae parasitic plant. As a commonly used Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), its traditional functions include treating kidney deficiency, impotence, female infertility and senile constipation. Chemical analysis of Cistanches Herba revealed that phenylethanoid glycosides, iridoids, lignans, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides were the main constituents. Pharmacological studies demonstrated that Cistanches Herba exhibited neuroprotective, immunomodulatory, hormonal balancing, anti-fatigue, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotection, anti-oxidative, anti-bacterial, anti-viral, and anti-tumor effects, etc. The aim of this review is to provide updated, comprehensive and categorized information on the phytochemistry, pharmacological research and pharmacokinetics studies of the major constituents of Cistanches Herba. MATERIALS AND METHODS The literature search was conducted by systematic searching multiple electronic databases including SciFinder, ISI Web of Science, PubMed, Google Scholar and CNKI. Information was also collected from journals, local magazines, books, monographs. RESULTS To date, more than 100 compounds have been isolated from this genus, include phenylethanoid glycosides, carbohydrates, lignans, iridoids, etc. The crude extracts and isolated compounds have exhibited a wide range of in vitro and in vivo pharmacologic effects, such as neuroprotective, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotection, anti-oxidative, anti-bacterial, and anti-tumor effects. The phenylethanoid glycosides, echinacoside and acteoside have attracted the most attention for their significantly neuropharmacology effects. Pharmacokinetic studies of echinacoside and acteoside also have also been summarized. CONCLUSION Phenylethanoid glycosides have demonstrated wide pharmacological actions and have great clinical value if challenges such as poor bioavailability, fast and extensive metabolism are addressed. Apart from phenylethanoid glycosides, other constituents of Cistanches Herba, their pharmacological activities and underlying mechanisms are also need to be studied further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifei Fu
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Metdicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Xiang Fan
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Metdicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Xiaoying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China; College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China.
| | - Xiumei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Metdicine, Tianjin 300193, China.
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Bakkum T, van Leeuwen T, Sarris AJC, van Elsland DM, Poulcharidis D, Overkleeft HS, van Kasteren SI. Quantification of Bioorthogonal Stability in Immune Phagocytes Using Flow Cytometry Reveals Rapid Degradation of Strained Alkynes. ACS Chem Biol 2018; 13:1173-1179. [PMID: 29693370 PMCID: PMC5962927 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.8b00355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
![]()
One of the areas
in which bioorthogonal chemistry—chemistry
performed inside a cell or organism—has become of pivotal importance
is in the study of host–pathogen interactions. The incorporation
of bioorthogonal groups into the cell wall or proteome of intracellular
pathogens has allowed study within the endolysosomal system. However,
for the approach to be successful, the incorporated bioorthogonal
groups must be stable to chemical conditions found within these organelles,
which are some of the harshest found in metazoans: the groups are
exposed to oxidizing species, acidic conditions, and reactive thiols.
Here we present an assay that allows the assessment of the stability
of bioorthogonal groups within host cell phagosomes. Using a flow
cytometry-based assay, we have quantified the relative label stability
inside dendritic cell phagosomes of strained and unstrained alkynes.
We show that groups that were shown to be stable in other systems
were degraded by as much as 79% after maturation of the phagosome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Bakkum
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry and The Institute for Chemical Immunology, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Tyrza van Leeuwen
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry and The Institute for Chemical Immunology, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Alexi J. C. Sarris
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry and The Institute for Chemical Immunology, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Daphne M. van Elsland
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry and The Institute for Chemical Immunology, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Dimitrios Poulcharidis
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry and The Institute for Chemical Immunology, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Herman S. Overkleeft
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry and The Institute for Chemical Immunology, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Sander I. van Kasteren
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry and The Institute for Chemical Immunology, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
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Liu J, Yang L, Dong Y, Zhang B, Ma X. Echinacoside, an Inestimable Natural Product in Treatment of Neurological and other Disorders. Molecules 2018; 23:E1213. [PMID: 29783690 PMCID: PMC6100060 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23051213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 05/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Echinacoside (ECH), a natural phenylethanoid glycoside, was first isolated from Echinacea angustifolia DC. (Compositae) sixty years ago. It was found to possess numerous pharmacologically beneficial activities for human health, especially the neuroprotective and cardiovascular effects. Although ECH showed promising potential for treatment of Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases, some important issues arose. These included the identification of active metabolites as having poor bioavailability in prototype form, the definite molecular signal pathways or targets of ECH with the above effects, and limited reliable clinical trials. Thus, it remains unresolved as to whether scientific research can reasonably make use of this natural compound. A systematic summary and knowledge of future prospects are necessary to facilitate further studies for this natural product. The present review generalizes and analyzes the current knowledge on ECH, including its broad distribution, different preparation technologies, poor pharmacokinetics and kinds of therapeutic uses, and the future perspectives of its potential application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shenli Street, Yinchuan 750004, China.
| | - Lingling Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shenli Street, Yinchuan 750004, China.
| | - Yanhong Dong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shenli Street, Yinchuan 750004, China.
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shenli Street, Yinchuan 750004, China.
| | - Xueqin Ma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shenli Street, Yinchuan 750004, China.
- Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shenli Street, Yinchuan 750004, China.
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Wang N, Ji S, Zhang H, Mei S, Qiao L, Jin X. Herba Cistanches: Anti-aging. Aging Dis 2017; 8:740-759. [PMID: 29344414 PMCID: PMC5758349 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2017.0720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The Cistanche species ("Rou Cong Rong" in Chinese) is an endangered wild species growing in arid or semi-arid areas. The dried fleshy stem of Cistanches has been used as a tonic in China for many years. Modern pharmacological studies have since demonstrated that Herba Cistanches possesses broad medicinal functions, especially for use in anti-senescence, anti-oxidation, neuroprotection, anti-inflammation, hepatoprotection, immunomodulation, anti-neoplastic, anti-osteoporosis and the promotion of bone formation. This review summarizes the up-to-date and comprehensive information on Herba Cistanches covering the aspects of the botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology, to lay ground for fully elucidating the potential mechanisms of Herba Cistanches' anti-aging effect and promote its clinical application as an anti-aging herbal medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningqun Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China.
| | - Shaozhen Ji
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China.
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Dongfang Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100078, China
| | - Shanshan Mei
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China.
| | - Lumin Qiao
- Department of Emergency, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Nationality Autonomous Region 750001, China.
| | - Xianglan Jin
- Department of Neurology, Dongfang Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100078, China.
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Yang S, Qu R, Sun P, Xiong S, Yan S, Deng Z. Determination of tubuloside B by LC-MS/MS and its application to a pharmacokinetic study in rats. Biomed Chromatogr 2017; 32. [PMID: 29143972 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Tubuloside B, a novel neuroprotective phenylethanoid, is a major active constituent of Cistanche tubulosa and Cistanche deserticola. A specific and sensitive liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method has been developed and validated for the quantification of tubuloside B in rat plasma. Sample preparation was conducted through a protein-precipitation extraction with methanol using tubuloside A as internal standard (IS). Chromatographic separation was achieved using a Capcell Pak C18 column (2.0 × 50 mm, 5 μm) with a mobile phase of methanol-10 mm ammonium acetate buffer (70:30, v/v) in an isocratic elution. Mass spectrometry analysis was performed in negative ionization mode with selected reaction monitoring transitions at m/z 665.1 → 160.9 for tubuloside B, and m/z 827.1 → 160.9 for IS. Calibration curves were linear over the range of 1.64-1640 ng/mL for plasma samples samples (R2 > 0.990). The lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) was 1.64 ng/mL. The intra- and inter-day accuracy was between 92.3 and 113.0% with the RSD <9.23% at all LLOQ and quality control levels. Finally, this method was successfully applied in the pharmacokinetics study of tubuloside B after intravenous administration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ruiying Qu
- Jiaozhou People's Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Peilu Sun
- Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Institute of Materia Medica, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory for Biotech-Drugs Ministry of Health, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory for Rare and Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Jinan, China
| | - Shan Xiong
- Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Institute of Materia Medica, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory for Biotech-Drugs Ministry of Health, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory for Rare and Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Jinan, China
| | - Siyi Yan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhipeng Deng
- Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Institute of Materia Medica, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory for Biotech-Drugs Ministry of Health, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory for Rare and Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Jinan, China
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Therapeutic Effect of Cistanoside A on Bone Metabolism of Ovariectomized Mice. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22020197. [PMID: 28125037 PMCID: PMC6155935 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22020197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cistanoside A (Cis A), an active phenylethanoid glycoside isolated from Cistanche deserticola Y. C. Ma, has received our attention because of its possible role in the treatment of osteoporosis. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of Cis A on an ovariectomized (OVX) mice model and investigated its underlying molecular mechanisms of action. After 12 weeks of orally-administrated intervention, Cis A (20, 40 and 80 mg/kg body weight/day) exhibited significant antiosteoporotic effects on OVX mice, evidenced by enhanced bone strength, bone mineral density and improved trabecular bone microarchitecture. Meanwhile, the activities of bone resorption markers, including tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), deoxypyridinoline (DPD) and cathepsin K, were decreased, and the bioactivity of bone formation marker alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was increased. Mechanistically, Cis A inhibited the expression of TNF-receptor associated factor 6 (TRAF6), an upstream molecule that is shared by both nuclear factor kappa-light chain enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathways and subsequently suppressed the levels of receptor activators of nuclear factor kappaB ligand (RANKL), downregulated the expression of NF-κB and upregulated osteoprotegerin (OPG), PI3K and Akt, which means Cis A possessed antiosteoporotic activity in ovariectomized mice via TRAF6-mediated NF-kappaB inactivation and PI3K/Akt activation. Put together, we present novel findings that Cis A, by downregulating TRAF6, coordinates the inhibition of NF-κB and stimulation of PI3K/Akt pathways to promote bone formation and prevent bone resorption. These data demonstrated the potential of Cis A as a promising agent for the treatment of osteoporosis disease.
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15
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Abdennabi R, Bardaa S, Mehdi M, Rateb ME, Raab A, Alenezi FN, Sahnoun Z, Gharsallah N, Belbahri L. Phoenix dactylifera L. sap enhances wound healing in Wistar rats: Phytochemical and histological assessment. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 88:443-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Revised: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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16
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Peerzada KJ, Faridi AH, Sharma L, Bhardwaj SC, Satti NK, Shashi B, Tasduq SA. Acteoside-mediates chemoprevention of experimental liver carcinogenesis through STAT-3 regulated oxidative stress and apoptosis. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2016; 31:782-798. [PMID: 26990576 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Revised: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In the absence of an effective therapy against Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC), chemoprevention remains an important strategy to circumvent morbidity and mortality. Here, we examined chemopreventive potential of Acteoside (ACT), a plant derived phenylethanoid glycoside against an environmental and dietary carcinogen, diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced rat hepatocarcinogenesis. ACT treatment (0.1 and 0.3% supplemented with diet) started 2 weeks before DEN challenge and continued for 18 weeks thereafter, showed a remarkable chemopreventive activity. ACT treatment resulted in reduced HCC nodules. Histopathology showed progressive tissue damage, necrosis (5 weeks), hepatocytic injury (10 weeks), anisonucleosis with presence of prominent nucleoli, sinusidal dilations, and lymphomono nuclear inflammation (18 weeks). Biochemical analysis showed hepatocytic injury (raised ALT, p < 0.001), inflammation [IL-6, IFN-γ (p < 0.05), and TNF-α (p < 0.001)], apoptosis [elevated Caspase-3 (p < 0.001)]. ACT at 0.1 and 0.3% ameliorated DEN-induced pre-hepatocarcinogenic manifestations. Mechanistic studies of ACT chemoprevention was elucidated using Hep3B cells with an aim to develop an in vitro DEN-induced toxicity model. Hep3B was found to be a reliable and more sensitive towards DEN toxicity compared to HepG2 and HuH7 cells. ACT prevented DEN-induced cytotoxicity (p < 0.001), DNA damage, and genotoxicity (micronuclei test, DNA ladder test, Hoechst staining, cell cycle analysis). ACT significantly (p < 0.001) scavenged DEN-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and prevented mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) loss. Immunoblotting showed ACT treatment reversed DEN-induced NF-κB, Bax, Cytochrome C, Bcl-2, and Stat-3 levels. We conclude that chemoprotective effect of ACT is mediated by STAT-3 dependent regulation of oxidative stress and apoptosis and ACT has potential to be developed as a chemopreventive agent. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 31: 782-798, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiser J Peerzada
- PK-PD and Toxicology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu Tawi, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Aamir H Faridi
- PK-PD and Toxicology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu Tawi, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Love Sharma
- PK-PD and Toxicology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu Tawi, Jammu and Kashmir, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India
| | - Subhash C Bhardwaj
- Department of Pathology, Government Medical College, Jammu Tawi, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Naresh K Satti
- Natural Products Chemistry (Plants), CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu Tawi, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Bhushan Shashi
- Cancer Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu Tawi, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Sheikh A Tasduq
- PK-PD and Toxicology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu Tawi, Jammu and Kashmir, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India
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17
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Cardioprotective Effects of Phenylethanoid Glycoside-rich Extract from Cistanche deserticola in Ischemia-Reperfusion-Induced Myocardial Infarction in Rats. Ann Vasc Surg 2016; 34:234-42. [PMID: 27129809 DOI: 10.1016/j.avsg.2016.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Revised: 01/31/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the study was to examine and confirm the cardioprotective effect and mechanism of phenylethanoid glycoside-rich extract of Cistanche deserticola (PhG-RE), a well-known natural antioxidant-based active constituents, against ischemia/reperfusion injury using both in vivo and in vitro approaches. METHODS A total of 30 Sprague-Dawley rats were divided in to 3 groups as group 1: sham laparotomy, group 2: IR, and group 3: IR + PhG-RE group (0.25 mg/mL/min). Hearts were subjected to 30 min of global ischemia followed by 45 min of reperfusion. The myocardial infarct size and the activities of creatine kinase isoenzyme (CK-MB) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were measured. Myocardial tissue malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels were detected. Western blot analysis was carried out to determine the cardioprotective mechanisms of PhG-RE. RESULTS Hearts treated with PhG-RE showed a significant reduction in infarct size and decrease in CK-MB and LDH activities. PhG-RE also reduced MDA levels and elevated the activities of GSH-Px, SOD. The expressions of cytochrome-c were significantly reduced in the treated group. A significant upregulation of antiapoptotic proteins Bcl-2/Bax with simultaneous downregulation of cleaved-caspase-3 was observed. The molecular signaling cascade, including phospho-Akt (ser-473) and phospho-GSK3β that lead to the activation or suppression of apoptotic pathway, also showed a significant protective role in the treatment group. CONCLUSIONS The results suggested that the PhG-RE may reduce the oxidative stress in the reperfused myocardium and play a significant role in the inhibition of apoptotic pathways leading to cardioprotection.
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18
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Phenylethanoid glycosides of Pedicularis muscicola Maxim ameliorate high altitude-induced memory impairment. Physiol Behav 2016; 157:39-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2016.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Revised: 01/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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19
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Cui Q, Pan Y, Bai X, Zhang W, Chen L, Liu X. Systematic characterization of the metabolites of echinacoside and acteoside from Cistanche tubulosa in rat plasma, bile, urine and feces based on UPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS. Biomed Chromatogr 2016; 30:1406-15. [PMID: 26856531 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2015] [Revised: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Echinacoside (ECH) and acteoside (ACT), as the most and major active components of Cistanche tubulosa, were reported to possess cardioactive, neuroprotective and hepatocyte protective effects, as well as antibacterial, antioxidative effects. Recently, more studies have focused on their pharmacological activities. However, their metabolic profiles in vivo have not been sufficiently investigated. This study proposes an approach for rapidly identifying the complicated and unpredictable metabolites of ECH and ACT in rat plasma, bile, urine and feces, and systematically and comprehensively revealing their major metabolic pathways, based on powerful ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry. Plasma, bile, urine and feces were collected from rats after a single 200 mg/kg oral dose. A total of 49 metabolites were detected in rat biological samples. Through analyzing metabolites in bile samples, it was found that ECH and ACT were subjected to a marked hepatic first-pass effect in liver. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingling Cui
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Yingni Pan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Xuewei Bai
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Lixia Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Xiaoqiu Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China
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20
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Cui Q, Pan Y, Xu X, Zhang W, Wu X, Qu S, Liu X. The metabolic profile of acteoside produced by human or rat intestinal bacteria or intestinal enzyme in vitro employed UPLC-Q-TOF-MS. Fitoterapia 2015; 109:67-74. [PMID: 26705842 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2015.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2015] [Revised: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Acteoside, the main and representative phenylethanoid glycosides of Herba Cistanches, possesses wide bioactivities but low oral bioavailability. It may serve as the prodrug and be converted into the active forms in gastrointestinal tract, which mainly occurred in intestinal tract composed of intestinal bacteria and intestinal enzyme. Intestinal bacteria, a new drug target, take a significant role on exerting pharmacological effects of drugs by oral administration. In this paper, acteoside was incubated with human or rat intestinal bacteria or rat intestinal enzyme for 36 h to seek metabolites responsible for pharmacodynamics. The samples were analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Besides the parent compound, 14 metabolites were detected and identified based on their retention times and fragmentation patterns in their MS spectra including 8 degradation metabolites, 2 isomers in intestinal bacteria and intestinal enzyme samples and 4 parent metabolites only found in intestinal enzymes. The metabolic pathway of acteoside was thus proposed. Identification of these metabolites of acteoside by the intestinal bacteria or intestinal enzyme gave an insight to clarify pharmacological mechanism of traditional Chinese medicines and identify the real active molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingling Cui
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yingni Pan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Xiaotong Xu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Wenjie Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xiao Wu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Shouhe Qu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xiaoqiu Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China.
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21
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Choi JH, Kim NH, Kim SJ, Lee HJ, Kim S. Fucoxanthin Inhibits the Inflammation Response in Paw Edema Model through Suppressing MAPKs, Akt, and NFκB. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2015; 30:111-9. [DOI: 10.1002/jbt.21769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Revised: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Hui Choi
- Department of Bio-Health Science; Gwangju University; Gwangju 503-703 Republic of Korea
| | - Na-Hyun Kim
- Department of Bio-Health Science; Gwangju University; Gwangju 503-703 Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Jun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science; Chosun University; Gwangju 501-759 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Jeong Lee
- Department of Bio-Health Science; Gwangju University; Gwangju 503-703 Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Kim
- Department of Bio-Health Science; Gwangju University; Gwangju 503-703 Republic of Korea
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22
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Wang LL, Ding H, Yu HS, han LF, Lai QH, Zhang LJ, Song XB. Cistanches Herba: Chemical Constituents and Pharmacological Effects. CHINESE HERBAL MEDICINES 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s1674-6384(15)60017-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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23
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Gao Y, Zong C, Liu F, Fang L, Cai R, Shi Y, Chen X, Qi Y. Evaluation of the intestinal transport of a phenylethanoid glycoside-rich extract from Cistanche deserticola across the Caco-2 cell monolayer model. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0116490. [PMID: 25646971 PMCID: PMC4315399 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0116490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenylethanoid glycosides (PhGs), a class of polyphenolic compounds, are considered one of major bioactive constituents of Cistanche deserticola Y.C. Ma (CD), whose extract is orally used in traditional Chinese medicine. Although previous pharmacological studies have reported that PhGs exert many activities, their intestinal transport profiles have not been clarified. In this study, we investigated the intestinal permeability of a PhG-rich extract (PRE) from CD as an integrated system in the Caco-2 cell monolayer model using a bioassay system. The results showed that PRE is primarily transported via poorly absorbed passive diffusion down a concentration gradient without efflux, which provides the pharmacokinetic basis for the clinical application of PhGs in CD. We also determined the intestinal permeability of three major PhGs [acteoside (AC), isoacteoside (IS) and echinacoside (EC)] by HLPC. Furthermore, we developed a novel HPLC-fluorescence detection method to accurately determine the flux amount of AC and IS. As expected, the transport characteristics of the three PhGs are consistent with those of PRE, indicating that the present bioassay system is appropriate and reliable for the evaluation of the transport characteristics of active ingredient groups (AIG) in PRE. Moreover, this system may also be suitable for other plant extracts given appropriate bioactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Gao
- Department of Research Center for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Chuanjie Zong
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P.R. China
| | - Fen Liu
- Department of Research Center for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Lei Fang
- Department of Research Center for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Runlan Cai
- Department of Research Center for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yue Shi
- Department of Research Center for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Research Center for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China
- * E-mail: (YQ); (XC)
| | - Yun Qi
- Department of Research Center for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China
- * E-mail: (YQ); (XC)
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24
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Herbal substance, acteoside, alleviates intestinal mucositis in mice. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2015; 2015:327872. [PMID: 25628651 PMCID: PMC4300033 DOI: 10.1155/2015/327872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Revised: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the role of acteoside in the amelioration of mucositis. C57BL/6 mice were gavaged daily with acteoside 600 μg for 5 d prior to induction of mucositis and throughout the experimental period. Mucositis was induced by methotrexate (MTX; 12.5 mg/kg; s.c.). Mice were culled on d 5 and d 11 after MTX. The duodenum, jejunum, and ileum were collected for myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, metallothionein (MT) levels, and histology. Acteoside reduced histological severity scores by 75, 78, and 88% in the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum, respectively, compared to MTX-controls on d 5. Acteoside reduced crypt depth by 49, 51, and 33% and increased villus height by 19, 38, and 10% in the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum, respectively, compared to MTX-controls on d 5. Acteoside decreased MT by 50% compared to MTX-control mice on d 5. Acteoside decreased MPO by 60% and 30% in the duodenum and jejunum, respectively, compared to MTX-controls on d 5. Acteoside alleviated MTX-induced small intestinal mucositis possibly by preventing inflammation.
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Zhang J, Li C, Che Y, Wu J, Wang Z, Cai W, Li Y, Ma Z, Tu P. LTQ-Orbitrap-based strategy for traditional Chinese medicine targeted class discovery, identification and herbomics research: a case study on phenylethanoid glycosides in three different species of Herba Cistanches. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra13276b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An LTQ-Orbitrap-based strategy for traditional Chinese medicine targeted class discovery, identification and herbomics research was developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Zhang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine
- Beijing 100029
- China
| | - Chen Li
- Thermo Fisher Scientific
- Shanghai 201206
- China
| | - Yanyun Che
- Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Kunming 650500
- China
| | - Jiarui Wu
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine
- Beijing 100029
- China
| | - Zijian Wang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine
- Beijing 100029
- China
| | - Wei Cai
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine
- Beijing 100029
- China
| | - Yun Li
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine
- Beijing 100029
- China
| | - Zhiguo Ma
- College of Pharmacy
- Jinan University
- Guangzhou 510632
- China
| | - Pengfei Tu
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine
- Beijing 100029
- China
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26
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D'Imperio M, Cardinali A, D'Antuono I, Linsalata V, Minervini F, Redan B, Ferruzzi M. Stability–activity of verbascoside, a known antioxidant compound, at different pH conditions. Food Res Int 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2014.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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27
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Spectroscopic studies on the in vitro antioxidant capacity of isopentyl ferulate. Chem Biol Interact 2014; 225:47-53. [PMID: 25446849 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2014.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Revised: 11/01/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Essential oils have played a prominent role in research on natural products, due to the high level of bioactive constituents, which include those derived from phenylpropanoids or terpenoids. This study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant capacity of isopentyl ferulate (IF) employing in vitro experimental models for elimination of the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS+), hydroxyl (OH) and nitric oxide (NO), as well as its capacity to electron transfer by reducing potential and inhibition of lipid peroxidation by TBARS (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances) method. In all in vitro antioxidants protocols, isopentyl ferulate showed to be potent in a concentration of 54.4 nM, presenting a percentage inhibition of 91.29±0.57, 92.63±0.28, 83.62±0.18, 77.07±0.72 and 79.51±0.32% for DPPH, ABTS+, hydroxyl, nitric oxide and TBARS level, respectively. The increase of absorbance at 700 nm in the concentrations of 3.4, 6.8, 13.6, 27.2 and 54.4 nM shows the reducing potential of IF. Similar results were obtained with Trolox (559 nM), a hydrophilic synthetic analogue of α-tocopherol, which is widely used as a standard antioxidant. The present study demonstrated that isopentyl ferulate has an antioxidant activity in vitro experimental models, suggesting that this compound could enhance the development of a new product with antioxidant properties. However, further in vivo studies are needed to assign possible implications in the treatment of diseases related with free radicals.
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28
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Zhang L, Yue HL, Zhao XH, Li J, Shao Y. Separation of Four Phenylpropanoid Glycosides from a Chinese Herb by HSCCC. J Chromatogr Sci 2014; 53:860-5. [PMID: 25410625 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmu130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Four phenylpropanoid glycosides (PPGs), such as echinacoside, wiedemannioside C, forsythoside B and verbascoside, were isolated and purified from the Tibetan medicinal herb Pedicularis longiflora Rudolph. var. tubiformis (Klotz) Tsoong by high-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC) combined with macroporous resin (MR) column separation for the first time. In the present study, the two-phase solvent system composed of ethyl acetate-n-butanol-water (10 : 6:15, v/v/v) was used for HSCCC separation. A total of 3.5 mg of echinacoside, 12.6 mg of wiedemannioside C, 22.7 mg of forsythoside B and 48.7 mg of verbascoside with the purity of 93.6, 97.9, 97.8 and 98.1%, respectively, were obtained from 120 mg of crude sample. The HSCCC fractions were analyzed by HPLC, and the chemical structures were identified by (1)H NMR and (13)C NMR. The results demonstrate that MR coupled with HSCCC is a powerful technique for separation of PPGs from natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhang
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810001, China
| | - Hui-Lan Yue
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810001, China Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810001, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Zhao
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810001, China Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810001, China Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810001, China
| | - Jing Li
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810001, China
| | - Yun Shao
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810001, China
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Alipieva K, Korkina L, Orhan IE, Georgiev MI. Verbascoside--a review of its occurrence, (bio)synthesis and pharmacological significance. Biotechnol Adv 2014; 32:1065-76. [PMID: 25048704 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2014.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Revised: 05/17/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Phenylethanoid glycosides are naturally occurring water-soluble compounds with remarkable biological properties that are widely distributed in the plant kingdom. Verbascoside is a phenylethanoid glycoside that was first isolated from mullein but is also found in several other plant species. It has also been produced by in vitro plant culture systems, including genetically transformed roots (so-called 'hairy roots'). Verbascoside is hydrophilic in nature and possesses pharmacologically beneficial activities for human health, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antineoplastic properties in addition to numerous wound-healing and neuroprotective properties. Recent advances with regard to the distribution, (bio)synthesis and bioproduction of verbascoside are summarised in this review. We also discuss its prominent pharmacological properties and outline future perspectives for its potential application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalina Alipieva
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - Liudmila Korkina
- Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Russian Research Medical University, Ostrovityanova St. 1A, Moscow 117449, Russia
| | - Ilkay Erdogan Orhan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, 06330 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Milen I Georgiev
- Laboratory of Applied Biotechnologies, Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
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30
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Nan ZD, Zeng KW, Shi SP, Zhao MB, Jiang Y, Tu PF. Phenylethanoid glycosides with anti-inflammatory activities from the stems of Cistanche deserticola cultured in Tarim desert. Fitoterapia 2013; 89:167-74. [PMID: 23685247 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2013.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2013] [Revised: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 05/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Five new phenylethanoid glycosides, cistanosides J-N (1-5), together with 15 known ones (6-20) were isolated from the stems of Cistanche deserticola cultured in Tarim desert, China. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis (IR, HR-ESIMS, 1D- and 2D-NMR) and chemical degradation. All the compounds obtained were examined for their inhibitory effect on the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) production in mouse microglial cells (BV-2 cells), and compounds 2 and 8 showed potent inhibition on the NO production with IC50 values of 14.94 μM and 14.32 μM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-dong Nan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
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31
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Wang T, Zhang X, Xie W. Cistanche deserticola Y. C. Ma, "Desert Ginseng": A Review. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2012; 40:1123-41. [DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x12500838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Cistanche deserticola Y. C. Ma (C. deserticola, "Rou Cong Rong" in Chinese) is an officinal plant that grows in arid or semi-arid areas. The dried fleshy stem of C. deserticola has been generally used as a tonic in China and Japan for many years. Modern pharmacology studies have since demonstrated that C. deserticola possesses broad medicinal functions, especially for use in hormone regulation, aperient, immunomodulatory, neuroprotective, antioxidative, anti-apoptotic, anti-nociceptive, anti-inflammatory, anti-fatigue activities and the promotion of bone formation. The phenylethanoid glycosides (PhGs) presented in C. deserticola have been identified as the major active components. This review summarizes the up-to-date and comprehensive information on C. deserticola covering the aspects of the botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xiaoying Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Wenyan Xie
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
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32
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Liu Z, Xu Z, Zhou H, Cao G, Cong XD, Zhang Y, Cai BC. Simultaneous determination of four bioactive compounds in Verbena officinalis L. by using high-performance liquid chromatography. Pharmacogn Mag 2012; 8:162-5. [PMID: 22701291 PMCID: PMC3371439 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.96575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2011] [Revised: 11/08/2011] [Accepted: 05/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Verbena officinalis L., called mabiancao in Chinese, is derived from the aerial part of Herba Verbanae. It is a traditional Chinese medicine commonly used in China and northern Europe, which is widely used for clearing away heat and detoxicating, promoting blood circulation, and removing blood stasis. This paper describes a sensitive and specific assay for the determination of four bioactive compounds in V. officinalis L. Materials and Methods: In this paper, the four components were separated on an Agilent Zorbax Extend C18 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm × 5 μm) and detected by a diode array detector. The mobile phase was composed of (a) aqueous phosphoric acid (0.1%, v/v) and (b) acetonitrile using a gradient elution. Analytes were performed at 30°C with a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min and UV detection at 203, 238, and 331 nm. Results: All calibration curves showed good linear regression (r2 ≥ 0.9999) within tested ranges. Overall intra- and interday variations were less than 1.84%, and the average recoveries were 97.32–102.81% for analytes. Discussion and Conclusion: The proposed method would be sensitive enough and reliable for comprehensive quality control for clinical use and modernization of V. officinalis L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Liu
- Research Center of TCM Processing Technology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
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33
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Gelam Honey Inhibits the Production of Proinflammatory, Mediators NO, PGE(2), TNF-α, and IL-6 in Carrageenan-Induced Acute Paw Edema in Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2012; 2012:109636. [PMID: 22919407 PMCID: PMC3418690 DOI: 10.1155/2012/109636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2012] [Revised: 04/14/2012] [Accepted: 04/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Natural honey is well known for its therapeutic value and has been used in traditional medicine of different cultures throughout the world. The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of Malaysian Gelam honey in inflammation-induced rats. Paw edema was induced by a subplantar injection of 1% carrageenan into the rat right hind paw. Rats were treated with the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) Indomethacin (10 mg/kg, p.o.) or Gelam honey at different doses (1 or 2 g/kg, p.o.). The increase in footpad thickness was considered to be edema, which was measured using a dial caliper. Plasma and paw tissue were collected to analyze the production of inflammatory mediators, such as NO, PGE2, TNF-α, and IL-6, as well as iNOS and COX-2. The results showed that Gelam honey could reduce edema in a dose-dependent fashion in inflamed rat paws, decrease the production of NO, PGE2, TNF-α, and IL-6 in plasma, and suppress the expression of iNOS, COX-2, TNF-α, and IL-6 in paw tissue. Oral pretreatment of Gelam honey at 2 g/kg of body weight at two time points (1 and 7 days) showed a significantly decreased production of proinflammatory cytokines, which was similar to the effect of the anti-inflammatory drug Indomethacin (NSAID), both in plasma and tissue. Thus, our results suggest that Gelam honey has anti-inflammatory effects by reducing the rat paw edema size and inhibiting the production of proinflammatory mediators. Gelam honey is potentially useful for treating inflammatory conditions.
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Competitive inhibition of cytosolic Ca2+-dependent phospholipase A2 by acteoside in RBL-2H3 cells. Arch Pharm Res 2012; 35:905-10. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-012-0516-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2011] [Revised: 12/14/2011] [Accepted: 12/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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35
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Lewis RS, Kolesnik TB, Kuang Z, D'Cruz AA, Blewitt ME, Masters SL, Low A, Willson T, Norton RS, Nicholson SE. TLR regulation of SPSB1 controls inducible nitric oxide synthase induction. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 187:3798-805. [PMID: 21876038 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1002993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The mammalian innate immune system has evolved to recognize foreign molecules derived from pathogens via the TLRs. TLR3 and TLR4 can signal via the TIR domain-containing adapter inducing IFN-β (TRIF), which results in the transcription of a small array of genes, including IFN-β. Inducible NO synthase (iNOS), which catalyzes the production of NO, is induced by a range of stimuli, including cytokines and microbes. NO is a potent source of reactive nitrogen species that play an important role in killing intracellular pathogens and forms a crucial component of host defense. We have recently identified iNOS as a target of the mammalian SPSB2 protein. The SOCS box is a peptide motif, which, in conjunction with elongins B and C, recruits cullin-5 and Rbx-2 to form an active E3 ubiquitin ligase complex. In this study, we show that SPSB1 is the only SPSB family member to be regulated by the same TLR pathways that induce iNOS expression and characterize the interaction between SPSB1 and iNOS. Through the use of SPSB1 transgenic mouse macrophages and short hairpin RNA knockdown of SPSB1, we show that SPSB1 controls both the induction of iNOS and the subsequent production of NO downstream of TLR3 and TLR4. Further, we demonstrate that regulation of iNOS by SPSB1 is dependent on the proteasome. These results suggest that SPSB1 acts through a negative-feedback loop that, together with SPSB2, controls the extent of iNOS induction and NO production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rowena S Lewis
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
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36
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Chen XM, Hu C, Raghubeer E, Kitts DD. Effect of high pressure pasteurization on bacterial load and bioactivity of Echinacea purpurea. J Food Sci 2011; 75:C613-8. [PMID: 21535527 DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2010.01753.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED High hydrostatic pressure (HHP) technology was applied to organic Echinacea purpurea (E. purpurea) roots and flowers to determine the feasibility of using this technology for cold herb pasteurization, to produce microbiologically safe and shelf-stable products for the natural health products (NHPs) industry. HHP significantly (P < 0.01) reduced microbial contamination in both roots and flowers without affecting the phytochemical retention of chicoric and chlorogenic acids, and total alkamide contents. The antioxidant activity of E. purpurea methanol-derived extracts, evaluated in both chemical (2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) [ABTS] and oxygen radical absorption capacity [ORAC] assay) and in cell culture models (RAW264, 7 macrophage, H(2)O(2)-induced intracellular oxidation, and lipopolysaccharide [LPS]-induced nitric oxide production), was not adversely affected by the application of HHP at both 2 and 5 min at 600 mPa. Furthermore, HHP did not affect the capacity of E. purpurea extracts to suppress nitric oxide production in LPS-activated macrophage cells. Therefore, our results show that HHP is an effective pasteurization process treatment to reduce microbial-contamination load while not adversely altering chemical and bioactive function of active constituents present in organic E. purpurea. PRACTICAL APPLICATION Our study reports for the first time, the effectiveness of using high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) technology pressure to pasteurize E. purpurea root and flower, and the comparative retention of bioactive phytochemicals. Therefore, this technique can be used in food and natural health product industries to produce high-quality, microbiologically safe, and shelf-stable products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Min Chen
- Food, Nutrition and Health, Univ. of British Columbia, 2205 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V6T 1Z4
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37
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Activity and stability studies of verbascoside, a novel antioxidant, in dermo-cosmetic and pharmaceutical topical formulations. Molecules 2011; 16:7068-80. [PMID: 21852765 PMCID: PMC6264555 DOI: 10.3390/molecules16087068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2011] [Revised: 08/10/2011] [Accepted: 08/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We here report the results of our investigations carried out on verbascoside, a phenylpropanoid glycoside known for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and photoprotective actions. Verbascoside was obtained from Buddleia davidii meristematic cells, obtained in turn using a sustainable biotechnology platform which employs an in vitro plant cell culture technology. Verbascoside was first investigated to assess the behaviour of the active ingredient in solution or in finished preparations, in view of its potential topical use, especially in skin protection. Stability studies were performed by HPLC, and a PCL assay was adopted to determine the radical scavenging activity toward superoxide anion. The high hydrophilic character of verbascoside, suggested in a somewhat limited range of possible applications, leading us to explore its derivatization to obtain the semi-synthetic derivative VPP, an acyl derivative of verbascoside, with an improved range of applications due to its lower hydrophilic profile. Alone, VPP revealed increased antioxidant activity, both as an active ingredient and in dermocosmetic preparations. Stability studies showed a greater stability of VPP in lipophilic vehicles, whereas the parent verbascoside proved more stable in an O/W emulsions. Verbascoside was also stable in suppositories, an interesting pharmaceutical form for possible applications in treatment of inflammation of the intestinal mucosa.
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38
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Gyurkovska V, Alipieva K, Maciuk A, Dimitrova P, Ivanovska N, Haas C, Bley T, Georgiev M. Anti-inflammatory activity of Devil’s claw in vitro systems and their active constituents. Food Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.08.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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39
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Arthur H, Joubert E, De Beer D, Malherbe CJ, Witthuhn RC. Phenylethanoid glycosides as major antioxidants in Lippia multiflora herbal infusion and their stability during steam pasteurisation of plant material. Food Chem 2011; 127:581-8. [PMID: 23140703 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.01.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2010] [Revised: 11/10/2010] [Accepted: 01/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Lippia multiflora, a perennial, aromatic shrub commonly known as bush tea has recently been identified as an African plant with high commercial potential due to its medicinal properties. The plant material was subjected to steam pasteurisation to improve its microbial quality. The major compounds of L. multiflora herbal infusion, i.e. the phenylethanoid glycosides (PhGs), verbascoside, isoverbascoside, nuomioside A and isonuomioside A, and the flavone, luteolin-7-O-glucuronide were quantified by HPLC. Verbascoside was the most abundant PhG. The PhGs are of interest due to their pharmacological properties. Liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry (LC-MS(2)) was used to tentatively identify the compounds. The on-line DPPH() (2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical) scavenging assay (reaction time=0.45s) applied to the infusion in "quantitative" mode, showed the relative order of activity: isonuomioside A>isoverbascoside>verbascoside>nuomioside A. In the microplate assay (reaction time=2h), isoverbascoside and verbascoside had similar activity. Both compounds were less active in the latter assay than the well-known flavan-3-ol antioxidant, (-)-epigallocatechin gallate, but more active than caffeic acid and an ester, rosmarinic acid. Steam pasteurisation of L. multiflora leaves at maximum exposure (150s at ca 99°C) for improved microbial quality did not decrease the soluble solids content, phenolic content and antioxidant activities of the infusion compared to the untreated control (p<0.05). The PhG content of the water soluble solids was as high as 15%, underscoring the potential of L. multiflora extract as functional ingredient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanson Arthur
- Department of Food Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa
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40
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Kuang Z, Lewis RS, Curtis JM, Zhan Y, Saunders BM, Babon JJ, Kolesnik TB, Low A, Masters SL, Willson TA, Kedzierski L, Yao S, Handman E, Norton RS, Nicholson SE. The SPRY domain-containing SOCS box protein SPSB2 targets iNOS for proteasomal degradation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 190:129-41. [PMID: 20603330 PMCID: PMC2911665 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.200912087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages lacking SPSB2 have increased NO production and enhanced pathogen-killing capabilities due to decreased ubiquitin-mediated destruction of iNOS. Inducible nitric oxide (NO) synthase (iNOS; NOS2) produces NO and related reactive nitrogen species, which are critical effectors of the innate host response and are required for the intracellular killing of pathogens such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Leishmania major. We have identified SPRY domain–containing SOCS (suppressor of cytokine signaling) box protein 2 (SPSB2) as a novel negative regulator that recruits an E3 ubiquitin ligase complex to polyubiquitinate iNOS, resulting in its proteasomal degradation. SPSB2 interacts with the N-terminal region of iNOS via a binding interface on SPSB2 that has been mapped by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and mutational analyses. SPSB2-deficient macrophages showed prolonged iNOS expression, resulting in a corresponding increase in NO production and enhanced killing of L. major parasites. These results lay the foundation for the development of small molecule inhibitors that could disrupt the SPSB–iNOS interaction and thus prolong the intracellular lifetime of iNOS, which may be beneficial in chronic and persistent infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihe Kuang
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia
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41
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PPAR-alpha Contributes to the Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Verbascoside in a Model of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Mice. PPAR Res 2010; 2010:917312. [PMID: 20671911 PMCID: PMC2910492 DOI: 10.1155/2010/917312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2010] [Accepted: 05/11/2010] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The previous results suggest that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPAR)-α, an intracellular transcription factor activated by fatty acids, plays a role in control of inflammation. There is persuasive epidemiological and experimental evidence that dietary polyphenols have anti-inflammatory activity. In this regard, it has been demonstrated that verbascoside (VB) functions as intracellular radical scavenger and reduces the microscopic and macroscopic signs of experimental colitis. With the aim to characterize the role of PPAR-α in VB-mediated anti-inflammatory activity, we tested the efficacy of VB in an experimental model of inflammatory bowel disease induced by dinitrobenzene sulfonic acid, comparing mice lacking PPAR-α (PPAR-αKO) with wild type (WT) mice. Results indicate that VB-mediated anti-inflammatory activity is weakened in PPAR-αKO mice, compared to WT controls, especially in the inhibition of neutrophil infiltration, intestinal permeability and colon injury. These results indicate that PPAR-α can contribute to the anti-inflammatory activity of VB in inflammatory bowel disease.
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42
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Zhao Q, Gao J, Li W, Cai D. Neurotrophic and neurorescue effects of Echinacoside in the subacute MPTP mouse model of Parkinson's disease. Brain Res 2010; 1346:224-36. [PMID: 20478277 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2010.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2010] [Revised: 05/01/2010] [Accepted: 05/04/2010] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Many experiments support the notion that augmentation of neurotrophic factors' (NTFs) activity, especially glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) could prevent or halt the progress of neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease (PD). However, application of NTFs as therapeutic agents for PD is hampered by the difficulty in delivering them to specific brain regions safely and effectively. Another potential strategy is to stimulate the endogenous expression of NTFs. In this study, we investigated the effects of Echinacoside (ECH), a monomer extracted from herbs, on rescuing dopaminergic function in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1, 2, 3, 6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-lesioned mice. We found that oral administration of ECH (30 mg/kg/day for 14 days) to MPTP-treated mice, commencing after impairment of the nigrstriatal system, suppressed the reduction of nigral dopaminergic neurons, striatal fibers, dopamine and dopamine transporter to 134.24%, 203.17%, 147.25% and 154.72 of MPTP-lesioned animals respectively (p<0.05). There was a relative elevation in expression of GDNF and BDNF mRNA (2.94 and 3.75-fold) and protein (184.34% and 185.93%) in ECH treated mice compared with vehicle-treated MPTP-lesioned mice (p<0.05). In addition, the apoptosis cells and Bax/Bcl-2 ratio of mRNA and protein in MPTP-lesioned mice significantly increased, and these effects could be prevented by ECH. At the 7th and 14th days of ECH treatment, the gait disorder displayed obvious improvement (p<0.05). These findings demonstrate that ECH is probably a novel, orally active, non-peptide inducer of NTFs and inhibitor of apoptosis, and they provide preclinical support for therapeutic potential of this compound in the treatment of PD.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Axons/enzymology
- Blotting, Western
- Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/biosynthesis
- Cell Survival/drug effects
- Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
- Dopamine/metabolism
- Dopamine/physiology
- Gait Disorders, Neurologic/chemically induced
- Gait Disorders, Neurologic/psychology
- Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/biosynthesis
- Glycosides/therapeutic use
- Immunohistochemistry
- In Situ Nick-End Labeling
- MPTP Poisoning/drug therapy
- MPTP Poisoning/metabolism
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Neostriatum/enzymology
- Nerve Growth Factors/biosynthesis
- Neurons/drug effects
- Neurons/physiology
- Parkinson Disease, Secondary/chemically induced
- Parkinson Disease, Secondary/drug therapy
- Parkinson Disease, Secondary/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/biosynthesis
- RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase/metabolism
- bcl-2-Associated X Protein/biosynthesis
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhao
- Laboratory of Neurology, Institute of Integrative Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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43
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Shimoda H, Tanaka J, Takahara Y, Takemoto K, Shan SJ, Su MH. The hypocholesterolemic effects of Cistanche tubulosa extract, a Chinese traditional crude medicine, in mice. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2010; 37:1125-38. [PMID: 19938221 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x09007545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The roots of Cistanche (C.) tubulosa (Orobanchaceae), a parasitic plant that grows in the Taklamakan desert, are traditionally used as medicines and foods in China. We prepared aqueous ethanol extract (CTE) from the roots of C. tubulosa and its hypocholesterolemic effect was evaluated. Using gene chip and RT-PCR analysis of the livers of mice given CTE (400 mg/kg) for 14 days, we found mRNA expression of molecules related to cholesterol transport [apolipoprotein B and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) receptor] and metabolism [cytochrome P450 side chain cleave (SCC) and steroid 5alpha-reductase 2] were up-regulated. The administration of CTE (400 mg/kg) for 14 days significantly suppressed serum cholesterol elevation in high cholesterol diet-fed mice. The mRNA expressions of VLDL receptor and cytochrome P450 SCC were significantly enhanced. In addition, acteoside, a major constituent of CTE, was found to enhance the mRNA expressions of apolipoprotein B, VLDL receptor, and cytochrome P450 SCC in HepG2 hepatocytes. These results suggest that CTE affects the mRNA expressions of molecules related to cholesterol transport and metabolism and exhibits hypocholesterolemic activity in diet-induced hypercholesterolemia mice. Acteoside was involved in the hypocholesterolemic activity of CTE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Shimoda
- Research and Development Division, Oryza Oil and Fat Chemical Co., Ltd., Aichi 493-8001, Japan.
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44
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Vigo E, Cepeda A, Gualillo O, Perez-Fernandez R. In-vitro anti-inflammatory activity of Pinus sylvestris and Plantago lanceolata extracts: effect on inducible NOS, COX-1, COX-2 and their products in J774A.1 murine macrophages. J Pharm Pharmacol 2010; 57:383-91. [PMID: 15807995 DOI: 10.1211/0022357055605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Extracts of the plant species Pinus sylvestris L. and Plantago lanceolata L. have been used in traditional medicine for the treatment of certain respiratory diseases, but little is known about their precise effects and mechanisms of action. In this study, we investigated the effect of these plant extracts on the production of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2, NO synthase (NOS) type II, cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and COX-2 mRNA expression in the murine macrophage cell line J774A.1. We found that Pinus sylvestris and Plantago lanceolata extracts inhibited NO production in a concentration-dependent manner in this cell line, without obvious cytotoxic effects as tested by MTT assay. The Plantago lanceolata extract at all doses used, and the Pinus sylvestris extract at high doses, showed significant scavenging of NO radicals released by the NO donor PAPA-NONOate. Our data also show that pre-treatment with these extracts significantly inhibits inducible NOS (iNOS) mRNA production in this cell line, without affecting COX-1 mRNA expression. COX-2 mRNA levels and PGE2 levels induced by lipopolysaccharide/interferon-γ were not modified upon pre-treatment with the extracts. Thus, our results suggest that the anti-inflammatory properties of Pinus sylvestris and Plantago lanceolata extracts may reflect decreased NO production, possibly due to inhibitory effects on iNOS gene expression or to NO-scavenging activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Vigo
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Song HS, Sim SS. Acetoside inhibits α-MSH-induced melanin production in B16 melanoma cells by inactivation of adenyl cyclase. J Pharm Pharmacol 2010. [DOI: 10.1211/jpp.61.10.0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
The aim of the study was to determine the mechanism of the whitening effect of acteoside.
Methods
We used tyrosinase activity and melanin production stimulated in B16 melanoma cells by α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH) or forskolin to measure the whitening effect of acteoside.
Key findings
Acteoside did not directly inhibit mushroom tyrosinase activity, but dose-dependently inhibited tyrosinase activity and melanin production in B16 melanoma cells stimulated by 1 μmol/l α-MSH. Acteoside also reduced cyclic AMP levels in cells stimulated by 1 μmol/l α-MSH, suggesting direct inhibition of adenyl cyclase. Acteoside also inhibited productionofbothmelanin and cyclic AMP in cells stimulated by 1 μmol/l forskolin, an adenyl cyclase activator. Acteoside showed antioxidant activity in a cell-free DPPH (1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydroazyl) assay and inhibited generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species.
Conclusions
These results suggest that the whitening activity of acteoside results from inhibition of adenyl cyclase and α-MSH signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho Sun Song
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Soo Sim
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, Korea
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Esposito E, Dal Toso R, Pressi G, Bramanti P, Meli R, Cuzzocrea S. Protective effect of verbascoside in activated C6 glioma cells: possible molecular mechanisms. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2009; 381:93-105. [PMID: 19904526 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-009-0466-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2009] [Accepted: 10/09/2009] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The glycosylated phenylpropanoid verbascoside (VB), isolated from cultured cells of the medicinal plant Syringa vulgaris (Oleaceae), has previously been characterized as an effective scavenger of biologically active free radicals and an inhibitor of lipid peroxidation. The aim of the present study was to evaluate in a rat glioma cell line (C6) the effect of VB biotechnologically produced by S. vulgaris plant cell cultures in the regulation of the inflammatory response. We used a model of central nervous system inflammation induced by bacterial endotoxin/cytokine (lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/interferon (IFN)-gamma, 1 microg/ml and 100 U/ml, respectively). Our results show that the treatment with LPS/IFN-gamma for 24 h elicited the induction of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) activity as determined by NO(x) accumulation in the culture medium. Preincubation with VB (10-100 microg/ml) abrogated the mixed cytokine-mediated induction of iNOS. The effect was concentration-dependent. Our studies also showed an inhibitory effect of VB on neuronal nitric oxide synthase expression. Moreover, Western blot analysis showed that this glycoside prevents specifically the activation of the proinflammatory enzyme cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 in glioma cells without simultaneous inhibition of COX-1 enzyme. Moreover, we found that VB reduced the expression of proinflammatory enzymes in LPS/IFN-gamma through the inhibition of the activation of nuclear factor kappa B and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway. The mechanisms underlying in vitro the neuroprotective properties of VB involve modulation of transcription factors and consequent altered gene expression, resulting in downregulation of inflammation. These findings provide support that VB may provide a promising approach for the treatment of oxidative-stress-related neurodegenerative diseases.
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Yang H, Wang G, Hao H, Tu P, Jiang Y, Wang Q, Zhang Y, Zheng C, Wang Y, Dai L. A sensitive and specific liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry method for determination of echinacoside and its pharmacokinetic application in rats. Biomed Chromatogr 2009; 23:630-7. [PMID: 19277965 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.1164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A rapid and sensitive method based on liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) for the determination of echinacoside in rat plasma was established and fully validated. A single step of liquid-liquid extraction with n-butanol was utilized. Chromatographic separation of the analyte and the internal standard (IS), chlorogenic acid, from the sample matrix was performed using a Capcell-MG C(18) analytical column (100 2.0 mm x 5 microm), with a gradient of acetonitrile and water containing 0.1% acetic acid as the mobile phase. Detection was performed on a triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer equipped with electrospray ionization source operated in negative ion selected reaction monitoring mode. The method was linear in the concentration range 10-2500 ng/mL. The deviations of both intra- and inter-day precisions (RSD) were 7.1% and the assay accuracies were within 99.2-106.5%. Echinacoside proved to be stable during sample storage, preparation and analysis when an antioxidant solution was used. The method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study in rats after an intragastric administration of echinacoside (100 mg/kg). With the lower limit of quantification at 10 ng/mL, this method proved to have sufficient selectivity, sensitivity and reproducibility for the pharmacokinetic study of echinacoside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210038, People's Republic of China
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Cai RL, Yang MH, Shi Y, Chen J, Li YC, Qi Y. Antifatigue activity of phenylethanoid-rich extract from Cistanche deserticola. Phytother Res 2009; 24:313-5. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.2927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Mazzon E, Esposito E, Di Paola R, Riccardi L, Caminiti R, Dal Toso R, Pressi G, Cuzzocrea S. Effects of verbascoside biotechnologically produced by Syringa vulgaris plant cell cultures in a rodent model of colitis. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2009; 380:79-94. [PMID: 19242677 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-009-0400-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2008] [Accepted: 01/13/2009] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of verbascoside (VB) in rats subjected to experimental colitis. Colitis was induced in rats by intracolonic instillation of 2,4 dinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (DNBS; 25 mg/rat). VB was administered daily per os (0.2 and 2 mg/kg) 4 days after DNBS administration in the colon. Treatment with VB significantly (P < 0.01) reduced macroscopic damage score, loss of body weight, myeloperoxidase activity and thiobarbituric acid-reactant substances. Moreover, the intensity of the positive staining for tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1beta, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, P-selectin, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and poly(ADP ribose) was also significantly (P < 0.01) reduced by VB treatment. Therefore, VB treatment significantly (P < 0.01) reduced the degree of NF-kappaB p65 and activation of the pro-active form metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and pro-MMP-9 activity. The results of this study suggested that VB functions as an intracellular radical scavenger and so reduces the microscopic and macroscopic signs of colitis in the rat. Therefore, administration of VB may be beneficial for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.
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Sinico C, Caddeo C, Valenti D, Fadda AM, Bilia AR, Vincieri FF. Liposomes as Carriers for Verbascoside: Stability and Skin Permeation Studies. J Liposome Res 2008; 18:83-90. [DOI: 10.1080/08982100801894067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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