1
|
Venkatachalam K, Gunasekaran S, Namasivayam N. Biochemical and molecular mechanisms underlying the chemopreventive efficacy of rosmarinic acid in a rat colon cancer. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 791:37-50. [PMID: 27565219 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.07.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
To shed light on colon cancer chemoprevention, natural phytochemicals attract researchers by virtue of their beneficial biological effects. The chemopreventive potential of rosmarinic acid (RA) was tested by using the colon carcinogen, 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) by evaluating the Aberrant crypt foci (ACF), tumour incidence, lipid peroxidative byproducts, phase I & II drug metabolizing enzymes, cell proliferative and apoptotic proteins. Rats were divided into six groups and received modified pellet diet. Group 1 served as control rats, group 2 rats received RA (5mg/kg b.w. p.o.), rats in groups 3-6 received DMH (20mg/kg b.w., s.c.) for the first fifteen weeks. In addition to DMH, groups 4-6 received RA at the dose of 5mg/kg b.w. during initiation, post initiation stages and also for the entire study period. DMH treated rats showed an increase in the development of ACF, tumour formation and multiplicity and decrease in lipid peroxidative byproducts. Moreover, it modulates xenobiotic enzymes and reduces the expressions of proapoptotic proteins; increases expressions of anti apoptotic proteins at the end of the study. Supplementation with RA to carcinogen treated rats protected them from the above deleterious effects caused by DMH and thus RA may be used as a potent chemopreventive agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karthikkumar Venkatachalam
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar 608002, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Sivagami Gunasekaran
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar 608002, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Nalini Namasivayam
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar 608002, Tamilnadu, India.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Tong Q, Weaver MR, Kosmacek EA, O'Connor BP, Harmacek L, Venkataraman S, Oberley-Deegan RE. MnTE-2-PyP reduces prostate cancer growth and metastasis by suppressing p300 activity and p300/HIF-1/CREB binding to the promoter region of the PAI-1 gene. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 94:185-94. [PMID: 26944191 PMCID: PMC5486868 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Revised: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
To improve radiation therapy-induced quality of life impairments for prostate cancer patients, the development of radio-protectors is needed. Our previous work has demonstrated that MnTE-2-PyP significantly protects urogenital tissues from radiation-induced damage. So, in order for MnTE-2-PyP to be used clinically as a radio-protector, it is fully necessary to explore the effect of MnTE-2-PyP on human prostate cancer progression. MnTE-2-PyP inhibited prostate cancer growth in the presence and absence of radiation and also inhibited prostate cancer migration and invasion. MnTE-2-PyP altered p300 DNA binding, which resulted in the inhibition of HIF-1β and CREB signaling pathways. Accordingly, we also found that MnTE-2-PyP reduced the expression of three genes regulated by HIF-1β and/or CREB: TGF-β2, FGF-1 and PAI-1. Specifically, MnTE-2-PyP decreased p300 complex binding to a specific HRE motif within the PAI-1 gene promoter region, suppressed H3K9 acetylation, and consequently, repressed PAI-1 expression. Mechanistically, less p300 transcriptional complex binding is not due to the reduction of binding between p300 and HIF-1/CREB transcription factors, but through inhibiting the binding of HIF-1/CREB transcription factors to DNA. Our data provide an in depth mechanism by which MnTE-2-PyP reduces prostate cancer growth and metastasis, which validates the clinical use of MnTE-2-PyP as a radio-protector to enhance treatment outcomes in prostate cancer radiotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Tong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA; Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Michael R Weaver
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Kosmacek
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Brian P O'Connor
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, USA
| | - Laura Harmacek
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, USA
| | - Sujatha Venkataraman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Rebecca E Oberley-Deegan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Salidroside stimulates mitochondrial biogenesis and protects against H₂O₂-induced endothelial dysfunction. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2014; 2014:904834. [PMID: 24868319 PMCID: PMC4020198 DOI: 10.1155/2014/904834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Salidroside (SAL) is an active component of Rhodiola rosea with documented antioxidative properties. The purpose of this study is to explore the mechanism of the protective effect of SAL on hydrogen peroxide- (H2O2-) induced endothelial dysfunction. Pretreatment of the human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) with SAL significantly reduced the cytotoxicity brought by H2O2. Functional studies on the rat aortas found that SAL rescued the endothelium-dependent relaxation and reduced superoxide anion (O2∙−) production induced by H2O2. Meanwhile, SAL pretreatment inhibited H2O2-induced nitric oxide (NO) production. The underlying mechanisms involve the inhibition of H2O2-induced activation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and Akt, as well as the redox sensitive transcription factor, NF-kappa B (NF-κB). SAL also increased mitochondrial mass and upregulated the mitochondrial biogenesis factors, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma-coactivator-1alpha (PGC-1α), and mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) in the endothelial cells. H2O2-induced mitochondrial dysfunction, as demonstrated by reduced mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm) and ATP production, was rescued by SAL pretreatment. Taken together, these findings implicate that SAL could protect endothelium against H2O2-induced injury via promoting mitochondrial biogenesis and function, thus preventing the overactivation of oxidative stress-related downstream signaling pathways.
Collapse
|
4
|
Kasinski A, Dong X, Khuri FR, Boss J, Fu H. Transcriptional regulation of YWHAZ, the gene encoding 14-3-3ζ. PLoS One 2014; 9:e93480. [PMID: 24690670 PMCID: PMC3972145 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0093480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2012] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant expression of oncogenic 14-3-3 proteins is correlated with poor survival of cancer patients. While the underlying mechanism of the abnormal expression in tumors remains elusive for the six oncogenic 14-3-3 isoforms; the potential involvement of a transcriptional component has been suggested. Unfortunately, little experimental data has been reported to support this hypothesis. In this study we describe the genetic structure of YWHAZ, the gene encoding 14-3-3ζ, including the identification of previously unreported transcript variants. In total, five transcript variants were revealed and their expressions confirmed in a panel of cell lines. Expressed sequence tag (EST) database mining and in vitro rapid-amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) confirmed that one variant, 1c, represents >80% of the expressed transcripts, which is also the most efficiently translated. An analysis of the proximal promoter of this variant revealed a functional Cyclic-AMP Response Element (CRE). Factors that bound to the CRE element were recognized through fractionation and subsequent EMSAs. This analysis identified CREB and ATF-1 as the trans-interacting factors. Cell-based assays confirm that ATF-1, and to a lesser extent CREB, bind the endogenous YWHAZ promoter especially under TNF-α stimulating conditions. In support of a role of ATF-1 in the regulation of YWHAZ, silencing of ATF-1 resulted in a marked reduction in two of the five YWHAZ transcripts. These data suggest a novel mechanism for the transcriptional regulation of a major pro-survival gene, YWHAZ, by ATF-1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Kasinski
- Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Xueyuan Dong
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Fadlo R. Khuri
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Jeremy Boss
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Haian Fu
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Marinho HS, Real C, Cyrne L, Soares H, Antunes F. Hydrogen peroxide sensing, signaling and regulation of transcription factors. Redox Biol 2014; 2:535-62. [PMID: 24634836 PMCID: PMC3953959 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2014.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 583] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2014] [Revised: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The regulatory mechanisms by which hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) modulates the activity of transcription factors in bacteria (OxyR and PerR), lower eukaryotes (Yap1, Maf1, Hsf1 and Msn2/4) and mammalian cells (AP-1, NRF2, CREB, HSF1, HIF-1, TP53, NF-κB, NOTCH, SP1 and SCREB-1) are reviewed. The complexity of regulatory networks increases throughout the phylogenetic tree, reaching a high level of complexity in mammalians. Multiple H2O2 sensors and pathways are triggered converging in the regulation of transcription factors at several levels: (1) synthesis of the transcription factor by upregulating transcription or increasing both mRNA stability and translation; (ii) stability of the transcription factor by decreasing its association with the ubiquitin E3 ligase complex or by inhibiting this complex; (iii) cytoplasm–nuclear traffic by exposing/masking nuclear localization signals, or by releasing the transcription factor from partners or from membrane anchors; and (iv) DNA binding and nuclear transactivation by modulating transcription factor affinity towards DNA, co-activators or repressors, and by targeting specific regions of chromatin to activate individual genes. We also discuss how H2O2 biological specificity results from diverse thiol protein sensors, with different reactivity of their sulfhydryl groups towards H2O2, being activated by different concentrations and times of exposure to H2O2. The specific regulation of local H2O2 concentrations is also crucial and results from H2O2 localized production and removal controlled by signals. Finally, we formulate equations to extract from typical experiments quantitative data concerning H2O2 reactivity with sensor molecules. Rate constants of 140 M−1 s−1 and ≥1.3 × 103 M−1 s−1 were estimated, respectively, for the reaction of H2O2 with KEAP1 and with an unknown target that mediates NRF2 protein synthesis. In conclusion, the multitude of H2O2 targets and mechanisms provides an opportunity for highly specific effects on gene regulation that depend on the cell type and on signals received from the cellular microenvironment. Complexity of redox regulation increases along the phylogenetic tree. Complex regulatory networks allow for a high degree of H2O2 biological plasticity. H2O2 modulates gene expression at all steps from transcription to protein synthesis. Fast response (s) is mediated by sensors with high H2O2 reactivity. Low reactivity H2O2 sensors may mediate slow (h) or localized H2O2 responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H. Susana Marinho
- Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Centro de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Carla Real
- Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Centro de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Luísa Cyrne
- Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Centro de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Helena Soares
- Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Centro de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
- Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde de Lisboa, IPL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Fernando Antunes
- Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Centro de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Corresponding author.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hottenrott MC, Wedel J, Gaertner S, Stamellou E, Kraaij T, Mandel L, Loesel R, Sticht C, Hoeger S, Ait-Hsiko L, Schedel A, Hafner M, Yard B, Tsagogiorgas C. N-octanoyl dopamine inhibits the expression of a subset of κB regulated genes: potential role of p65 Ser276 phosphorylation. PLoS One 2013; 8:e73122. [PMID: 24023820 PMCID: PMC3759419 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0073122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2013] [Accepted: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose Catechol containing compounds have anti-inflammatory properties, yet for catecholamines these properties are modest. Since we have previously demonstrated that the synthetic dopamine derivative N-octanoyl dopamine (NOD) has superior anti-inflammatory properties compared to dopamine, we tested NOD in more detail and sought to elucidate the molecular entities and underlying mechanism by which NOD down-regulates inflammation. Experimental Approach Genome wide gene expression profiling of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) was performed after stimulation with TNF-α or in the combination with NOD. Confirmation of these differences, NFκB activation and the molecular entities that were required for the anti-inflammatory properties were assessed in subsequent experiments. Key Results Down regulation of inflammatory genes by NOD occurred predominantly for κB regulated genes, however not all κB regulated genes were affected. These findings were explained by inhibition of RelA phosphorylation at Ser276. Leukocyte adherence to TNF-α stimulated HUVECs was inhibited by NOD and was reflected by a diminished expression of adhesion molecules on HUVECs. NOD induced HO-1 expression, but this was not required for inhibition of NFκB. The anti-inflammatory effect of NOD seems to involve the redox active catechol structure, although the redox active para-dihydroxy benzene containing compounds also displayed anti-inflammatory effects, provided that they were sufficiently hydrophobic. Conclusions and Implications The present study highlighted important mechanisms and molecular entities by which dihydroxy benzene compounds exert their potential anti-inflammatory action. Since NOD does not have hemodynamic properties, NOD seems to be a promising candidate drug for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maximilia C. Hottenrott
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Centre Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Ruprecht Karls University Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Johannes Wedel
- Vth. Medical Department, University Medical Centre Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Ruprecht Karls University Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Sophie Gaertner
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Centre Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Ruprecht Karls University Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Eleni Stamellou
- Vth. Medical Department, University Medical Centre Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Ruprecht Karls University Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Tineke Kraaij
- Vth. Medical Department, University Medical Centre Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Ruprecht Karls University Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Linda Mandel
- Vth. Medical Department, University Medical Centre Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Ruprecht Karls University Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Ralf Loesel
- Department of Applied Chemistry, George-Simon-Ohm Hochschule, Nuernberg, Germany
| | - Carsten Sticht
- Centre for Medical Research (ZMF), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Ruprecht Karls University Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Simone Hoeger
- Vth. Medical Department, University Medical Centre Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Ruprecht Karls University Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Lamia Ait-Hsiko
- Vth. Medical Department, University Medical Centre Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Ruprecht Karls University Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Angelika Schedel
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Ruprecht Karls University Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Mathias Hafner
- Institute for Molecular and Cellular Biology, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Benito Yard
- Vth. Medical Department, University Medical Centre Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Ruprecht Karls University Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Charalambos Tsagogiorgas
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Centre Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Ruprecht Karls University Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Honda Y, Hattori T, Kirimura K. Visual expression analysis of the responses of the alternative oxidase gene (aox1) to heat shock, oxidative, and osmotic stresses in conidia of citric acid-producing Aspergillus niger. J Biosci Bioeng 2012; 113:338-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2011.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2011] [Revised: 10/28/2011] [Accepted: 10/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
8
|
Gomez-Cabrera MC, Viña J, Ji LL. Interplay of oxidants and antioxidants during exercise: implications for muscle health. PHYSICIAN SPORTSMED 2009; 37:116-23. [PMID: 20048548 DOI: 10.3810/psm.2009.12.1749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Muscle contraction results in generation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) at a rate determined by the intensity, frequency, and duration of the exercise protocols. Strenuous exercise causes oxidation of protein, lipid, and DNA, release of cytosolic enzymes, and other signs of cell damage; however, only exhaustive exercise is detrimental. Indeed, the regulation of vascular tone, the excitation-contraction coupling, growth, and differentiation in skeletal muscle, are governed in part by RONS. This is accomplished by RONS interaction with redox-sensitive transcription factors, leading to increased gene expression of antioxidant enzymes, cytoprotective proteins, and other enzymes involved in muscle metabolic functions. However, high levels of RONS generation are known to cause oxidative stress, activate certain pathogenic pathways, and accelerate aging. This article reviews research from the past decades on the interplay of oxidants and antioxidants in skeletal muscle, with particular reference to increased contractile activity. Adaptation of muscle to increased oxidative stress and the potential mechanisms involved will be highlighted. The role of redox-controlled cell signaling in skeletal muscle health and function is also described.
Collapse
|
9
|
Jackson MJ. Redox regulation of adaptive responses in skeletal muscle to contractile activity. Free Radic Biol Med 2009; 47:1267-75. [PMID: 19748570 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2009.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2009] [Revised: 09/03/2009] [Accepted: 09/06/2009] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is a highly malleable tissue that responds to changes in its pattern of activity or the mechanical and environmental stresses placed upon it. The signaling pathways involved in these multiple adaptations are increasingly well described, but there is a lack of information on the factors responsible for initiating these processes. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced at various sites in skeletal muscle and there is increasing evidence that these species play targeted roles in modulating redox-sensitive signaling pathways that are important to the muscle for making adaptations. This review will outline some of the processes involved and the types of experimental approaches that seem necessary to fully evaluate these redox signaling systems in muscle. To understand how labile, highly reactive ROS can play a role in cell signaling that is discrete and yet regulated to prevent oxidative damage, an increased knowledge of the subcellular localization and compartmentalization of both ROS generation and the redox-sensitive targets of ROS activity is required. It seems likely that application of this increased knowledge will lead to new approaches to manipulating muscle metabolism to maintain health and prevent loss of muscle function in age-related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Malcolm J Jackson
- School of Clinical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L693GA, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Oliveira-Marques V, Marinho HS, Cyrne L, Antunes F. Role of hydrogen peroxide in NF-kappaB activation: from inducer to modulator. Antioxid Redox Signal 2009; 11:2223-43. [PMID: 19496701 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2009.2601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) has been implicated in the regulation of the transcription factor NF-kappaB, a key regulator of the inflammatory process and adaptive immunity. However, no consensus exists regarding the regulatory role played by H2O2. We discuss how the experimental methodologies used to expose cells to H2O2 produce inconsistent results that are difficult to compare, and how the steady-state titration with H2O2 emerges as an adequate tool to overcome these problems. The redox targets of H2O2 in the NF-kappaB pathway--from the membrane to the post-translational modifications in both NF-kappaB and histones in the nucleus--are described. We also review how H2O2 acts as a specific regulator at the level of the single gene, and briefly discuss the implications of this regulation for human health in the context of kappaB polymorphisms. In conclusion, after near 30 years of research, H2O2 emerges not as an inducer of NF-kappaB, but as an agent able to modulate the activation of the NF-kappaB pathway by other agents. This modulation is generic at the level of the whole pathway but specific at the level of the single gene. Therefore, H2O2 is a fine-tuning regulator of NF-kappaB-dependent processes, as exemplified by its dual regulation of inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Virgínia Oliveira-Marques
- Grupo de Bioquímica dos Oxidantes e Antioxidantes, Centro de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Costa VM, Silva R, Ferreira R, Amado F, Carvalho F, de Lourdes Bastos M, Carvalho RA, Carvalho M, Remião F. Adrenaline in pro-oxidant conditions elicits intracellular survival pathways in isolated rat cardiomyocytes. Toxicology 2009; 257:70-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2008.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2008] [Revised: 12/08/2008] [Accepted: 12/09/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
12
|
Powers SK, Jackson MJ. Exercise-induced oxidative stress: cellular mechanisms and impact on muscle force production. Physiol Rev 2008; 88:1243-76. [PMID: 18923182 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00031.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1471] [Impact Index Per Article: 91.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The first suggestion that physical exercise results in free radical-mediated damage to tissues appeared in 1978, and the past three decades have resulted in a large growth of knowledge regarding exercise and oxidative stress. Although the sources of oxidant production during exercise continue to be debated, it is now well established that both resting and contracting skeletal muscles produce reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species. Importantly, intense and prolonged exercise can result in oxidative damage to both proteins and lipids in the contracting myocytes. Furthermore, oxidants can modulate a number of cell signaling pathways and regulate the expression of multiple genes in eukaryotic cells. This oxidant-mediated change in gene expression involves changes at transcriptional, mRNA stability, and signal transduction levels. Furthermore, numerous products associated with oxidant-modulated genes have been identified and include antioxidant enzymes, stress proteins, DNA repair proteins, and mitochondrial electron transport proteins. Interestingly, low and physiological levels of reactive oxygen species are required for normal force production in skeletal muscle, but high levels of reactive oxygen species promote contractile dysfunction resulting in muscle weakness and fatigue. Ongoing research continues to probe the mechanisms by which oxidants influence skeletal muscle contractile properties and to explore interventions capable of protecting muscle from oxidant-mediated dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Scott K Powers
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Rossi C, Di Lena A, La Sorda R, Lattanzio R, Antolini L, Patassini C, Piantelli M, Alberti S. Intestinal tumour chemoprevention with the antioxidant lipoic acid stimulates the growth of breast cancer. Eur J Cancer 2008; 44:2696-704. [PMID: 18926695 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2008.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2008] [Revised: 08/14/2008] [Accepted: 08/26/2008] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Breast and intestinal cancers chemoprevention would significantly impact on cancer care. Hence, we assessed the chemopreventive efficacy of the antioxidant lipoic acid (LA) in mice overexpressing a wild-type Her2/neu, as an animal model of breast cancer, and in APCmin mice for intestinal cancer. METHODS Mice were randomised at weaning, and were treated with LA for lifetime. Tumour incidence, growth rate and histopathology were analysed on an individual tumour basis. RESULTS LA efficiently chemoprevented tumour appearance in APCmin mice. Strikingly, though, LA doses, that were chemopreventive in APCmin mice (> or = 300 microg/day), increased breast cancer growth in Her2/neu mice. Even in experimental groups, where LA overall reduced tumour risk (80 microg/day), LA consistently stimulated the growth rate of established breast tumours. Breast and colon tumours incidence was unaffected by LA, indicating no significant impact of LA on tumour initiation and no protection from mutations driving tumour progression. CONCLUSIONS Stimulation of breast cancer growth and inhibition of intestinal tumours by LA indicate that diverse growth control mechanisms are modulated by LA in different organs. Concern is raised about the use of LA for cancer chemoprevention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cosmo Rossi
- Animal Care Unit, Consorzio Mario Negri Sud, SM Imbaro (Chieti), Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
|
15
|
Cerhan JR, Ansell SM, Fredericksen ZS, Kay NE, Liebow M, Call TG, Dogan A, Cunningham JM, Wang AH, Liu-Mares W, Macon WR, Jelinek D, Witzig TE, Habermann TM, Slager SL. Genetic variation in 1253 immune and inflammation genes and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Blood 2007; 110:4455-63. [PMID: 17827388 PMCID: PMC2234796 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2007-05-088682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Smaller-scale evaluations suggest that common genetic variation in candidate genes related to immune function may predispose to the development of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). We report an analysis of variants within genes associated with immunity and inflammation and risk of NHL using a panel of 9412 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from 1253 genes in a study of 458 patients with NHL and 484 frequency-matched controls. We modeled haplotypes and risk of NHL, as well as the main effects for all independent SNPs from a gene in multivariate logistic regression models; we separately report results for nonsynonymous (ns) SNPs. In gene-level analyses, the strongest findings (P < or = .001) were for CREB1, FGG, MAP3K5, RIPK3, LSP1, TRAF1, DUSP2, and ITGB3. In nsSNP analyses, the strongest findings (P < or = .01) were for ITGB3 L59P (odds ratio [OR] = 0.66; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.52-0.85), TLR6 V427A (OR = 5.20; CI 1.77-15.3), SELPLG M264V (OR = 3.20; CI 1.48-6.91), UNC84B G671S (OR = 1.50; CI 1.12-2.00), B3GNT3 H328R (OR = 0.74; CI 0.59-0.93), and BAT2 V1883L (OR = 0.64; CI 0.45-0.90). Our results suggest that genetic variation in genes associated with immune response (TRAF1, RIPK3, BAT2, and TLR6), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling (MAP3K5, DUSP2, and CREB1), lymphocyte trafficking and migration (B3GNT3, SELPLG, and LSP1), and coagulation pathways (FGG and ITGB3) may be important in the etiology of NHL, and should be prioritized in replication studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James R Cerhan
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
de Oliveira-Marques V, Cyrne L, Marinho HS, Antunes F. A quantitative study of NF-kappaB activation by H2O2: relevance in inflammation and synergy with TNF-alpha. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2007; 178:3893-902. [PMID: 17339489 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.178.6.3893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Although the germicide role of H(2)O(2) released during inflammation is well established, a hypothetical regulatory function, either promoting or inhibiting inflammation, is still controversial. In particular, after 15 years of highly contradictory results it remains uncertain whether H(2)O(2) by itself activates NF-kappaB or if it stimulates or inhibits the activation of NF-kappaB by proinflammatory mediators. We investigated the role of H(2)O(2) in NF-kappaB activation using, for the first time, a calibrated and controlled method of H(2)O(2) delivery--the steady-state titration--in which cells are exposed to constant, low, and known concentrations of H(2)O(2). This technique contrasts with previously applied techniques, which disrupt cellular redox homeostasis and/or introduce uncertainties in the actual H(2)O(2) concentration to which cells are exposed. In both MCF-7 and HeLa cells, H(2)O(2) at extracellular concentrations up to 25 microM did not induce significantly per se NF-kappaB translocation to the nucleus, but it stimulated the translocation induced by TNF-alpha. For higher H(2)O(2) doses this stimulatory role shifts to an inhibition, which may explain published contradictory results. The stimulatory role was confirmed by the observation that 12.5 microM H(2)O(2), a concentration found during inflammation, increased the expression of several proinflammatory NF-kappaB-dependent genes induced by TNF-alpha (e.g., IL-8, MCP-1, TLR2, and TNF-alpha). The same low H(2)O(2) concentration also induced the anti-inflammatory gene coding for heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and IL-6. We propose that H(2)O(2) has a fine-tuning regulatory role, comprising both a proinflammatory control loop that increases pathogen removal and an anti-inflammatory control loop, which avoids an exacerbated harmful inflammatory response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Virgínia de Oliveira-Marques
- Grupo de Bioquímica dos Oxidantes e Antioxidantes, Centro de Química e Bioquímica, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Gustin JA, Pincheira R, Mayo LD, Ozes ON, Kessler KM, Baerwald MR, Korgaonkar CK, Donner DB. Tumor necrosis factor activates CRE-binding protein through a p38 MAPK/MSK1 signaling pathway in endothelial cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2004; 286:C547-55. [PMID: 14761884 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00332.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) promotes immunity and modulates cell viability, in part, by promoting alterations of cellular gene expression. The mechanisms through which TNF communicates with the nucleus and alters gene expression are incompletely understood. Incubation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) with TNF induces phosphorylation of the CRE-binding protein (CREB) transcription factor on serine 133 and increases CREB DNA binding and transactivation. Dominant negative CREB, an antagonist antibody directed against the type 1 TNF receptor, or pharmacological inhibition of p38 MAPK signaling blocked TNF-induced CREB activation as determined by phosphorylation and gene reporter assays. From among the kinases that can activate CREB, we found that downstream of p38 MAPK, MSK1 is activated by TNF to promote CREB activation. These observations show that CREB is activated by TNF/TNFR1 signaling through a p38MAPK/MSK1 signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jason A Gustin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, and the Walther Cancer Institute, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Bondzio A, Blankenstein P, Risse S. Effects of hydrogen peroxide on bovine leukemia virus expression. Biol Chem 2003; 384:1063-72. [PMID: 12956423 DOI: 10.1515/bc.2003.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Several activators of bovine leukemia virus (BLV) expression, including lipopolysaccharides, phorbol esters and calcium ionophores, are known to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS). Therefore the influence of H2O2 on BLV expression in two BLV producing cell lines was investigated. The effect of H2O2 on BLV expression is apparently dose-dependent. Incubation of FLK/BLV cells with low concentrations of H2O2 (2.5 to 10 microM) induced a marked enhancement of BLV p24 synthesis and an activation of the long terminal repeat (LTR). Higher concentrations resulted in a decrease of proliferation, induction of apoptosis and in a decrease of BLV synthesis. Furthermore, in both cell lines H2O2 treatment led to the activation of NF-kappaB. Pretreatment of cells with antioxidants abrogated the H2O2-induced BLV expression. Taken together, our findings suggest that oxidative stress stimulates BLV expression via activation of NF-kappaB, raising the possibility that biological sources of H2O2, such as stimulated phagocytes, may influence BLV expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angelika Bondzio
- Department of Veterinary Biochemistry, Free University of Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, D-14163 Berlin, Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Chan EL, Murphy JT. Reactive oxygen species mediate endotoxin-induced human dermal endothelial NF-kappaB activation. J Surg Res 2003; 111:120-6. [PMID: 12842456 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-4804(03)00050-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microvascular endothelial cell "activation" by endotoxin is an early and critical phenomenon underlying organ dysfunction related to sepsis. Dermal endothelial cells contribute to many of the manifestations of septic shock, such as cutaneous interstitial edema and loss of peripheral vasomotor regulation. Human dermal endothelial cell activation by endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide [LPS]) is characterized by the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that enhance nuclear translocation of the transcription factor kappa-B (NF-kappaB). METHODS We tested our hypothesis by stimulating human dermal microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC.1) with endotoxin and assaying for endothelial generation of ROS and nuclear translocation of NF-kappaB subunits. HMEC.1 cultures were treated individually with LPS, hydrogen peroxide, or xanthine, xanthine oxidase, and ferrous sulfate (xanthine/XO/Fe(2+)). Nuclear proteins were isolated and consensus sequence binding was assessed by electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). 2',7'-Dichlorofluorescin diacetate and confocal microscopy were used to examine ROS production in LPS-stimulated HMEC.1. RESULTS Nuclear translocation of the p65/p50 NF-kappaB heterodimer was detectable 30 min after stimulation with LPS alone or the xanthine/XO/Fe(2+) combination, but not with hydrogen peroxide. Antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) inhibited LPS-stimulated ROS production in HMEC.1. Antioxidant prior to or simultaneously with LPS exposure, but not following LPS, also prevented NF-kappaB activation. NAC was ineffective at inhibiting NF-kappaB translocation at increased LPS concentrations. CONCLUSIONS Dermal endothelial cells, a microvascular cell type that may contribute to the systemic response to blood-borne endotoxemia, generate ROS in the absence of other inflammatory cells. These LPS-activated endothelial cells, in turn, rapidly translocate transcription factor NF-kappaB to cell nuclei, a process regulated in part by intracellular ROS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily L Chan
- Department of Surgery, Division of Burns, Trauma, Critical Care, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Sancho P, Troyano A, Fernández C, De Blas E, Aller P. Differential effects of catalase on apoptosis induction in human promonocytic cells. Relationships with heat-shock protein expression. Mol Pharmacol 2003; 63:581-9. [PMID: 12606765 DOI: 10.1124/mol.63.3.581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The administration of the H(2)O(2)-specific scavenger catalase attenuated the generation of apoptosis by the antitumor drugs etoposide, camptothecin, doxorubicin, and cisplatin in U-937 human promonocytic cells. By contrast, the antioxidant potentiated the generation of apoptosis by the inducers of the stress response, heat shock and cadmium, in this and other myeloid cell types. Catalase also increased the heat shock-provoked stimulation of caspase-3 and -9 activities, as well as the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria to the cytosol. The potentiation of cell death by catalase correlated with its capacity to inhibit the stress response, as demonstrated by the suppression of 70- or 27-kDa heat-shock protein expression and the inhibition of heat-shock transcription factor 1 binding activity. Conversely, the toxicity of catalase plus heat shock was attenuated when the cells were preconditioned with a soft heating, which elevated the 70-kDa heat-shock protein levels. By contrast with catalase, the antioxidants superoxide dismutase and probucol did not inhibit heat-shock protein expression or affect apoptosis in U-937 cells. Finally, it was observed that the antitumor drugs did not activate the stress response in U-937 cells and that catalase failed to inhibit HSP expression and to potentiate apoptosis in heat shock-treated RPMI 8866 lymphoblastic cells. Taken together, these results provide the first demonstration of a proapoptotic action of catalase, suggest that H(2)O(2) is a critical regulator of both apoptosis and the stress response, and corroborate the antiapoptotic action of heat-shock proteins in myeloid cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Sancho
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Jaramillo M, Olivier M. Hydrogen peroxide induces murine macrophage chemokine gene transcription via extracellular signal-regulated kinase- and cyclic adenosine 5'-monophosphate (cAMP)-dependent pathways: involvement of NF-kappa B, activator protein 1, and cAMP response element binding protein. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2002; 169:7026-38. [PMID: 12471138 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.169.12.7026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) has been shown to act as a second messenger that activates chemokine expression. In the present study, we investigated the mechanisms underlying this cellular regulation in the murine macrophage cell line B10R. We report that H(2)O(2) increases mRNA expression of various chemokines, macrophage-inflammatory protein (MIP)-1alpha/CC chemokine ligand (CCL)3, MIP-1beta/CCL4, MIP-2/CXC chemokine ligand 2, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1/CCL2, by activating the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway and the nuclear translocation of the transcription factors NF-kappaB, AP-1, and CREB. Blockage of the ERK pathway with specific inhibitors against mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1/2 and ERK1/ERK2 completely abolished both the H(2)O(2)-mediated chemokine up-regulation and the activation of all NF studied. Similarly, selective inhibition of cAMP and NF-kappaB strongly down-regulated the induction of all chemokine transcripts as well as CREB and NF-kappaB activation, respectively. Of interest, we detected a significant decrease of NF-kappaB, AP-1, and CREB DNA binding activities by reciprocal competition for these binding sites when either specific cold oligonucleotides (NF-kappaB, AP-1, and CREB) or Abs against various transcription factor subunits (p50, p65, c-Fos, Jun B, c-Jun, and CREB-1) were added. These findings indicate that cooperation between ERK- and cAMP-dependent pathways seems to be required to achieve the formation of an essential transcriptional factor complex for maximal H(2)O(2)-dependent chemokine modulation. Finally, experiments performed with actinomycin D suggest that H(2)O(2)-mediated MIP-1beta mRNA up-regulation results from transcriptional control, whereas that of MIP-1alpha, MIP-2, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 is due to both gene transcription activation and mRNA posttranscriptional stabilization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maritza Jaramillo
- Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Pavillon du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université Laval, and Département de Biologie Médicale, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Ste-Foy, Québec, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Rodríguez-Puyol M, Griera-Merino M, Pérez-Rivero G, Díez-Marqués ML, Ruiz-Torres MP, Rodríguez-Puyol D. Angiotensin II induces a rapid and transient increase of reactive oxygen species. Antioxid Redox Signal 2002; 4:869-75. [PMID: 12573135 DOI: 10.1089/152308602762197407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) exhibit a hypertrophic and contractile response after angiotensin II (Ang II) treatment, and the NADH/NADPH oxidase-dependent synthesis of hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) seems to play a central role in these responses. Present experiments were designed to analyze the mechanisms responsible for the rapid changes induced by Ang II in the intracellular H(2)O(2) concentration in VSMC. Ang II induced a quick and transient increase of dichlorodihydrofluorescein (DCHF) fluorescence in VSMC, an effect that was completely abolished by catalase and by diethyldithiocarbamate, a cell-permeable superoxide dismutase inhibitor. Losartan and pertussis toxin prevented the stimulatory effect of Ang II. Both diphenylene iodonium (NADH/NADPH oxidase blocker) and 3-(4-octadecylbenzoyl)acrylic acid (phospholipase A2 blocker) inhibited the changes in DCHF fluorescence induced by Ang II, in a dose-dependent fashion, and the effects of both inhibitors were additive. These data demonstrate that Ang II induces a very quick and transient increase of H(2)O(2) in VSMC. This effect depends on the receptor type 1, is linked to a G protein, and involves both NADH/NADPH oxidase and phospholipase A2 activation. The mechanism may be related to the previously proposed role of H(2)O(2) in the genesis of the Ang II-induced cell contraction.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Acrylates/pharmacology
- Angiotensin II/metabolism
- Angiotensin II/pharmacology
- Animals
- Benzoates
- Catalase/metabolism
- Catalase/pharmacology
- Cells, Cultured
- Ditiocarb/pharmacology
- Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Fluoresceins/chemistry
- Fluoresceins/metabolism
- Fluorescence
- Hydrogen Peroxide/metabolism
- Indomethacin/pharmacology
- Losartan/pharmacology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases/antagonists & inhibitors
- NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases/metabolism
- Onium Compounds/pharmacology
- Pertussis Toxin/pharmacology
- Phospholipases A/antagonists & inhibitors
- Phospholipases A/metabolism
- Phospholipases A2
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
Collapse
|
23
|
Jornot L, Morris MA, Petersen H, Moix I, Rochat T. N-acetylcysteine augments adenovirus-mediated gene expression in human endothelial cells by enhancing transgene transcription and virus entry. J Gene Med 2002; 4:54-65. [PMID: 11828388 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has previously been shown that oxidants reduce the efficiency of adenoviral transduction in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). In this study, the effect of the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in adenovirus-mediated gene transfer has been investigated. METHODS HUVECs were pretreated or not with NAC, and infected with E1E3-deleted adenovirus (Ad) containing the LacZ gene expressed from the RSV-LTR promoter/enhancer in the presence and absence of NAC. Transgene expression was assessed at the protein level (histochemical staining, measurement of beta-Gal activity, and western blot), mRNA level (real-time RT-PCR) and gene level (nuclear run on) 24 h and 48 h after infection. Adenoviral DNA was quantitated by real-time PCR, and cell surface expression of Coxsackie/adenovirus receptors (CAR) was determined by FACS analysis. RESULTS Pretreatment of cells with NAC prior to Ad infection enhanced beta-Gal activity by two-fold due to an increase in viral DNA, which was related to increased CAR expression. When NAC was present only during the post-infection period, a five-fold increase in beta-Gal activity and LacZ gene transcriptional activity was observed. When NAC was present during both the pretreatment and the post-infection period, beta-Gal activity was further enhanced, by 15-fold. Augmentation of beta-Gal activity was paralleled by an increase in beta-Gal protein and mRNA levels. NAC did not affect the half-life of LacZ mRNA. CONCLUSION Pretreatment with NAC prior to Ad infection enhances virus entry, while treatment with NAC post-infection increases transgene transcription. This strategy permits the use of lower adenoviral loads and thus might be helpful for gene therapy of vascular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Jornot
- Respiratory Division, Geneva University Hospitals, 1211 Geneva 14, Switzerland.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Kretz-Remy C, Munsch B, Arrigo AP. NFkappa B-dependent transcriptional activation during heat shock recovery. Thermolability of the NF-kappaB.Ikappa B complex. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:43723-33. [PMID: 11559696 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m010821200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat shock induces the accumulation of misfolded proteins and results in the preferential expression of heat shock proteins, which help the cell to recover from thermal damage. Heat shock is a well known transcriptional activator of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 long terminal repeat (LTR). We report here that mutations or deletions of the LTR kappaB sites impaired the LTR transcriptional activation by heat shock. Further analysis revealed that, during heat shock recovery, the NF-kappaB p65 and p50 subunits migrated into the nucleus of HeLa cells, bound to DNA, and induced kappaB-dependent reporter gene expression. This NF-kappaB activation did not depend on new transcriptional and/or translational events and on the pro-oxidant state generated by heat shock. It was not concomitant with IkappaBalpha phosphorylation and was not abolished by the expression of IkappaB kinase or IkappaBalpha dominant-negative mutants. Moreover, NF-kappaB activation and migration into the nucleus were not concomitant with IkappaBalpha/beta or p105 degradation. However, during heat shock recovery, NF-kappaB was dissociated from its complexing partners, allowing its migration into the nucleus. Hence, we describe here a novel mechanism for activation of NF-kappaB based on the thermolability of the NF-kappaB.IkappaB complex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Kretz-Remy
- Laboratoire Stress Oxydant, Chaperons, et Apoptose, Centre de Génétique Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS-UMR 5534, Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, F-69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Murley JS, Kataoka Y, Hallahan DE, Roberts JC, Grdina DJ. Activation of NFkappaB and MnSOD gene expression by free radical scavengers in human microvascular endothelial cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2001; 30:1426-39. [PMID: 11390188 DOI: 10.1016/s0891-5849(01)00554-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The effect of nonprotein thiol (NPT) free radical scavengers WR-1065 (SH) and WR-33278 (SS), the active thiol and disulfide metabolites of amifostine, N-acetylcysteine (NAC; both L- and D- isomers), mesna, captopril, and dithiothreitol (DTT) on NFkappaB activation in human microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC) was investigated and contrasted to TNFalpha. The use of each of these NPTs at millimolar concentrations independent of oxidative damage-inducing agents resulted in a marked activation of NFkappaB, with the maximum effect observed between 30 min and 1 h after treatment. Only the SH and SS forms of amifostine, however, were effective in activating NFkappaB when administered at micromolar levels. Using a supershift assay, SH and SS equally affected the p50-p65 heterodimer, but not homodimers or heterodimers containing p52 or c-Rel subunits of NFkappaB. Neither catalase nor pyruvate when added to the culture medium to minimize hydrogen peroxide production had an effect on NFkappaB activation by SH. Thus, while oxidative damage is known to activate NFkappaB, the intracellular redox environment may also be affected by the addition of free radical scavenging agents such as NPT, and these in turn are capable of activating the redox sensitive transcription factor NFkappaB. There does not appear to be a significant role, if any, for the production of H(2)O(2) as an intermediate step in the activation of NFkappaB by either the SH or the SS form of amifostine. Rather, the underlying mechanism of action, especially for the SS form, may be related to the close structural and functional similarities of these agents to polyamines, which have been reported to be capable of activating NFkappaB. In contrast to TNFalpha, exposure of cells to either 40 microM or 4 mM of SH for 30 min did not induce intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) gene expression, but did increase manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) gene expression. MnSOD expression rose by 2-fold and remained elevated from 4 to 22 h following SH exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J S Murley
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Camandola S, Poli G, Mattson MP. The lipid peroxidation product 4-hydroxy-2,3-nonenal inhibits constitutive and inducible activity of nuclear factor kappa B in neurons. BRAIN RESEARCH. MOLECULAR BRAIN RESEARCH 2000; 85:53-60. [PMID: 11146106 DOI: 10.1016/s0169-328x(00)00234-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Peroxidation of membrane lipids occurs in many different neurodegenerative conditions including stroke, and Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Recent findings suggest that lipid peroxidation can promote neuronal death by a mechanism involving production of the toxic aldehyde 4-hydroxy-2,3-nonenal (HNE), which may act by covalently modifying proteins and impairing their function. The transcription factor NF-kappa B can prevent neuronal death in experimental models of neurodegenerative disorders by inducing the expression of anti-apoptotic proteins including Bcl-2 and manganese superoxide dismutase. We now report that HNE selectively suppresses basal and inducible NF-kappa B DNA binding activity in cultured rat cortical neurons. Immunoprecipitation-immunoblot analyses using antibodies against HNE-conjugated proteins and p50 and p65 NF-kappa B subunits indicate that HNE does not directly modify NF-kappa B proteins. Moreover, HNE did not affect NF-kappa B DNA-binding activity when added directly to cytosolic extracts, suggesting that HNE inhibits an upstream component of the NF-kappa B signaling pathway. Inhibition of the survival-promoting NF-kappa B signaling pathway by HNE may contribute to neuronal death under conditions in which membrane lipid peroxidation occurs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Camandola
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging Gerontology Research Center 4F02, 5600 Nathan Shock Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Ginis I, Hallenbeck JM, Liu J, Spatz M, Jaiswal R, Shohami E. Tumor Necrosis Factor and Reactive Oxygen Species Cooperative Cytotoxicity Is Mediated via Inhibition of NF-κB. Mol Med 2000. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03402054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
|
28
|
Katschinski DM, Boos K, Schindler SG, Fandrey J. Pivotal role of reactive oxygen species as intracellular mediators of hyperthermia-induced apoptosis. J Biol Chem 2000; 275:21094-8. [PMID: 10781588 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m001629200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of cellular antioxidant capacity on hyperthermia (HT)-induced apoptosis and production of antiapoptotic heat shock proteins (HSPs) were investigated in HL-60 cells and in HL-60AR cells that are characterized by an elevated endogenous catalase activity. Exposure of both cell lines to 43 degrees C for 1 h initiated apoptosis. Apoptosis peaked at 3-6 h after heat exposure in the HL-60 cells. Whereas HL-60AR cells were partially protected against HT-induced apoptosis at these early time points, maximal levels of apoptosis were detected later, i.e. 12-18 h after heat exposure. This differential induction of apoptosis was directly correlated to the induction of the antiapoptotic HSP27 and HSP70. In particular, in the HL-60 cells HSP27 was significantly induced at 12-18 h after exposure to 43 degrees C when apoptosis dropped. In contrast, coinciding with the late onset of apoptosis in HL-60AR cells at that time HL-60AR cells lacked a similar HSP response. In line with the higher antioxidant capacity HL-60AR cells accumulated reactive oxygen species to a lesser degree than HL-60 cells after heat treatment. Protection from HT-induced apoptosis as well as diminished heat-induced HSP27 expression was also observed after cotreatment of HL-60 cells with 43 degrees C and catalase but not with superoxide dismutase. These data emphasize the pivotal role of reactive oxygen species for HT induced pro- and antiapoptotic pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D M Katschinski
- Institute of Physiology, Medical University of Lübeck, D-23538 Lübeck, Germany.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Lonigro R, Donnini D, Fabbro D, Perrella G, Damante G, Ambesi Impiombato FS, Curcio F. Thyroid-specific gene expression is differentially influenced by intracellular glutathione level in FRTL-5 cells. Endocrinology 2000; 141:901-9. [PMID: 10698164 DOI: 10.1210/endo.141.3.7388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Alteration of the redox potential has been proposed as a mechanism influencing gene expression. Reduced glutathione (GSH) is one of the cellular scavengers involved in the regulation of the redox potential. To test the role that GSH may play in thyroid cells, we cultured a differentiated rat thyroid cell strain (FRTL-5) in the presence of L-buthionine-(S,R)-sulfoximine (BSO). BSO affects GSH synthesis by irreversibly inhibiting gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (EC 6.3.2.2), a specific enzyme involved in GSH synthesis. BSO-treated FRTL-5 cells show a great decrease in the GSH level, whereas malondialdehyde increases in the cell culture medium as a sign of lipid peroxidation. In these conditions the activity of two thyroid-specific promoters, thyroglobulin (Tg) and thyroperoxidase (TPO), is strongly reduced in transient transfection experiments. As both Tg and TPO promoters depend upon the thyroid-specific transcription factors, thyroid-specific transcription factor-1 (TTF-1) and Pax-8 for full transcriptional activity, we tested whether reduction of GSH concentration impairs the activity of these transcription factors. After BSO treatment of FRTL-5 cells, both transcription factors fail to trans-activate the respective chimerical targets, C5 and B-cell specific activating protein promoters, containing, respectively, multimerized TTF-1- or Pax-8-binding sites only as well as the Tg and TPO natural promoters. Northern analysis revealed that endogenous Tg messenger RNA (mRNA) expression is also reduced by BSO treatment, whereas endogenous TPO expression is not modified. Furthermore, the Pax-8 mRNA steady state concentration does not change in BSO-treated cells, whereas TTF-1 mRNA slightly decreases. Immunoblotting analysis of FRTL-5 nuclear extracts does not show significant modification of the Pax-8 concentration in BSO-treated cells, whereas a decrease of 25% in TTF-1 protein is revealed. Furthermore, BSO treatment decreases the DNA-binding activity to the respective consensus sequence of both transcription factors. Finally, different mechanisms seem to act on TTF-1 and Pax-8 functional impairment in BSO-treated cells. Indeed, with a lowered GSH concentration, the overexpressed Pax-8 still activates transcription efficiently, whereas, on the contrary, the overexpressed TTF-1 does not recover its transactivation capability when the respective chimerical target sequences are used (C5 and BSAP). When the natural Tg and TPO promoter sequences are used, overexpression of Pax-8 parallels the effect on both promoters observed using the chimeric target sequences, whereas overexpression of TTF-1 increases TPO promoter transcriptional activity only.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Lonigro
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biomediche, Università degli Studi di Udine, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species are produced by all aerobic cells and are widely believed to play a pivotal role in aging as well as a number of degenerative diseases. The consequences of the generation of oxidants in cells does not appear to be limited to promotion of deleterious effects. Alterations in oxidative metabolism have long been known to occur during differentiation and development. Experimental perturbations in cellular redox state have been shown to exert a strong impact on these processes. The discovery of specific genes and pathways affected by oxidants led to the hypothesis that reactive oxygen species serve as subcellular messengers in gene regulatory and signal transduction pathways. Additionally, antioxidants can activate numerous genes and pathways. The burgeoning growth in the number of pathways shown to be dependent on oxidation or antioxidation has accelerated during the last decade. In the discussion presented here, we provide a tabular summary of many of the redox effects on gene expression and signaling pathways that are currently known to exist.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R G Allen
- Lankenau Medical Research Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Wynnewood, PA 19106, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Lakshminarayanan V, Drab-Weiss EA, Roebuck KA. H2O2 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha induce differential binding of the redox-responsive transcription factors AP-1 and NF-kappaB to the interleukin-8 promoter in endothelial and epithelial cells. J Biol Chem 1998; 273:32670-8. [PMID: 9830008 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.273.49.32670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha) and H2O2 differentially regulate interleukin-8 (IL-8) and intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM-1) gene expression in endothelial and epithelial cells. H2O2 induced IL-8 expression in the A549 and BEAS-2B epithelial cell lines, but not in the human microvessel endothelial cell line, HMEC-1 or human umbilical vein endothelial cells. In contrast, H2O2 induced ICAM-1 only in endothelial cells. Unlike H2O2, the proinflammatory cytokine TNFalpha induced IL-8 and ICAM-1 in both cell types. In this study, we examine the role of the redox-responsive transcription factors AP-1 and nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) in the differential expression of IL-8. DNA binding studies using nuclear protein extracts from HMEC-1 and A549 cells stimulated with H2O2 or TNFalpha demonstrated differential activation and promoter binding of AP-1 and NF-kappaB. H2O2 activated AP-1 but not NF-kappaB in A549, whereas TNFalpha activated AP-1 as well as NF-kappaB. In HMEC-1, TNFalpha activated NF-kappaB but not AP-1, while H2O2 did not activate either transcription factor. The differential activation of the factors was also reflected in their differential binding to the IL-8 promoter. Moreover, the H2O2 concentration dependent increase in epithelial IL-8 mRNA expression directly corresponded to the H2O2 concentration dependent binding of AP-1 to the IL-8 promoter. Supershift analysis revealed H2O2 as well as TNFalpha induced AP-1 complexes containing c-Fos and JunD. TNFalpha induced NF-kappaB complexes containing Rel A (p65). Immunohistochemical staining of HMEC-1 and A549 cells revealed TNFalpha stimulated nuclear localization of Rel A, whereas no translocation of Rel A was detected in either cell type stimulated by H2O2. These data indicate that the cell type-specific induction of IL-8 gene expression by H2O2 and TNFalpha in HMEC-1 and A549 cells can be explained by the differential binding of AP-1 and NF-kappaB to the IL-8 promoter.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V Lakshminarayanan
- Department of Immunology/Microbiology, Rush-Presbyterian, St. Luke's Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Phelan SA, Johnson KA, Beier DR, Paigen B. Characterization of the murine gene encoding Aop2 (antioxidant protein 2) and identification of two highly related genes. Genomics 1998; 54:132-9. [PMID: 9806838 DOI: 10.1006/geno.1998.5568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The mouse Aop2 (antioxidant protein 2) cDNA recently cloned from liver and kidney is a member of the thiol-specific antioxidant gene family. We have isolated the mouse gene encoding Aop2 and have shown that it comprises five exons and four introns. Analysis of the sequence upstream of the translation start site revealed several potential Sp1-binding sites and two putative transcription initiation sites. Primer extension studies were used to determine the 5' end of the Aop2 transcript. This upstream region also contains consensus recognition sequences for the transcription factors USF, SREBP, and ADR1, all of which have been shown to regulate genes involved in lipid metabolism, and multiple consensus binding sites for HSF, whose activity is modulated by oxidative stress. Since Aop2 has recently been proposed as a candidate gene for atherosclerosis susceptibility differences in mice, the presence of these binding sites may have biological significance. We also isolated two highly related intronless genes and determined their chromosomal locations. Further characterization of this highly conserved gene family and its regulation will help to elucidate their biological functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S A Phelan
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, 04609, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|