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Myszor IT, Gudmundsson GH. Modulation of innate immunity in airway epithelium for host-directed therapy. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1197908. [PMID: 37251385 PMCID: PMC10213533 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1197908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Innate immunity of the mucosal surfaces provides the first-line defense from invading pathogens and pollutants conferring protection from the external environment. Innate immune system of the airway epithelium consists of several components including the mucus layer, mucociliary clearance of beating cilia, production of host defense peptides, epithelial barrier integrity provided by tight and adherens junctions, pathogen recognition receptors, receptors for chemokines and cytokines, production of reactive oxygen species, and autophagy. Therefore, multiple components interplay with each other for efficient protection from pathogens that still can subvert host innate immune defenses. Hence, the modulation of innate immune responses with different inducers to boost host endogenous front-line defenses in the lung epithelium to fend off pathogens and to enhance epithelial innate immune responses in the immunocompromised individuals is of interest for host-directed therapy. Herein, we reviewed possibilities of modulation innate immune responses in the airway epithelium for host-directed therapy presenting an alternative approach to standard antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona T. Myszor
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, Biomedical Center, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Gudmundur Hrafn Gudmundsson
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, Biomedical Center, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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2
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van der Krieken DA, Rikken G, Ederveen TH, Jansen PA, Rodijk-Olthuis D, Meesters LD, van Vlijmen-Willems IM, van Cranenbroek B, van der Molen RG, Schalkwijk J, van den Bogaard EH, Zeeuwen PL. Gram-positive anaerobic cocci guard skin homeostasis by regulating host-defense mechanisms. iScience 2023; 26:106483. [PMID: 37096035 PMCID: PMC10122035 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In atopic dermatitis (AD), chronic skin inflammation is associated with skin barrier defects and skin microbiome dysbiosis including a lower abundance of Gram-positive anaerobic cocci (GPACs). We here report that, through secreted soluble factors, GPAC rapidly and directly induced epidermal host-defense molecules in cultured human keratinocytes and indirectly via immune-cell activation and cytokines derived thereof. Host-derived antimicrobial peptides known to limit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus-a skin pathogen involved in AD pathology-were strongly upregulated by GPAC-induced signaling through aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR)-independent mechanisms, with a concomitant AHR-dependent induction of epidermal differentiation genes and control of pro-inflammatory gene expression in organotypic human epidermis. By these modes of operandi, GPAC may act as an "alarm signal" and protect the skin from pathogenic colonization and infection in the event of skin barrier disruption. Fostering growth or survival of GPAC may be starting point for microbiome-targeted therapeutics in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danique A. van der Krieken
- Department of Dermatology, Radboud University Medical Center (Radboudumc), 6500HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Gijs Rikken
- Department of Dermatology, Radboud University Medical Center (Radboudumc), 6500HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Thomas H.A. Ederveen
- Center for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics (CMBI), Radboudumc, 6500HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Patrick A.M. Jansen
- Department of Dermatology, Radboud University Medical Center (Radboudumc), 6500HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Diana Rodijk-Olthuis
- Department of Dermatology, Radboud University Medical Center (Radboudumc), 6500HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Luca D. Meesters
- Department of Dermatology, Radboud University Medical Center (Radboudumc), 6500HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Bram van Cranenbroek
- Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Radboudumc, 6500HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Renate G. van der Molen
- Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Radboudumc, 6500HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Joost Schalkwijk
- Department of Dermatology, Radboud University Medical Center (Radboudumc), 6500HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Ellen H. van den Bogaard
- Department of Dermatology, Radboud University Medical Center (Radboudumc), 6500HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Corresponding author
| | - Patrick L.J.M. Zeeuwen
- Department of Dermatology, Radboud University Medical Center (Radboudumc), 6500HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Corresponding author
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3
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Deraison C, Bonnart C, Langella P, Roget K, Vergnolle N. Elafin and its precursor trappin-2: What is their therapeutic potential for intestinal diseases? Br J Pharmacol 2023; 180:144-160. [PMID: 36355635 PMCID: PMC10098471 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Elafin and its precursor trappin-2 are known for their contribution to the physiological mucosal shield against luminal microbes. Such a contribution seems to be particularly relevant in the gut, where the exposure of host tissues to heavy loads of microbes is constant and contributes to mucosa-associated pathologies. The expression of trappin-2/elafin has been shown to be differentially regulated in diseases associated with gut inflammation. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated the protective effects of trappin-2/elafin in gut intestinal disorders associated with acute or chronic inflammation, or with gluten sensitization disorders. The protective effects of trappin-2/elafin in the gut are discussed in terms of their pleiotropic modes of action: acting as protease inhibitors, transglutaminase substrates, antimicrobial peptides or as a regulator of pro-inflammatory transcription factors. Further, the question of the therapeutic potential of trappin-2/elafin delivery at the intestinal mucosa surface is raised. Whether trappin-2/elafin mucosal delivery should be considered to ensure intestinal tissue repair is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Deraison
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRAE, ENVT, Univ Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
| | - Chrystelle Bonnart
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRAE, ENVT, Univ Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
| | - Philippe Langella
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, INRAE, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | | | - Nathalie Vergnolle
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRAE, ENVT, Univ Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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4
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Engineering a "detect and destroy" skin probiotic to combat methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0276795. [PMID: 36520793 PMCID: PMC9754240 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence and virulence of pathogens such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus (S.) aureus (MRSA), which can cause recurrent skin infections, are of significant clinical concern. Prolonged antibiotic exposure to treat or decolonize S. aureus contributes to development of antibiotic resistance, as well as depletion of the microbiome, and its numerous beneficial functions. We hypothesized an engineered skin probiotic with the ability to selectively deliver antimicrobials only in the presence of the target organism could provide local bioremediation of pathogen colonization. We constructed a biosensing S. epidermidis capable of detecting the presence of S. aureus quorum sensing autoinducer peptide and producing lysostaphin in response. Here, we demonstrate in vitro activity of this biosensor and present and discuss challenges to deployment of this and other engineered topical skin probiotics.
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5
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Altieri A, Piyadasa H, Hemshekhar M, Osawa N, Recksiedler B, Spicer V, Hiemstra PS, Halayko AJ, Mookherjee N. Combination of IL-17A/F and TNF-α uniquely alters the bronchial epithelial cell proteome to enhance proteins that augment neutrophil migration. J Inflamm (Lond) 2022; 19:26. [PMCID: PMC9749191 DOI: 10.1186/s12950-022-00323-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The heterodimer interleukin (IL)-17A/F is elevated in the lungs in chronic respiratory disease such as severe asthma, along with the pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Although IL-17A/F and TNF-α are known to functionally cooperate to exacerbate airway inflammation, proteins altered by their interaction in the lungs are not fully elucidated. Results We used Slow Off-rate Modified Aptamer-based proteomic array to identify proteins that are uniquely and/or synergistically enhanced by concurrent stimulation with IL-17A/F and TNF-α in human bronchial epithelial cells (HBEC). The abundance of 38 proteins was significantly enhanced by the combination of IL-17A/F and TNF-α, compared to either cytokine alone. Four out of seven proteins that were increased > 2-fold were those that promote neutrophil migration; host defence peptides (HDP; Lipocalin-2 (LCN-2) and Elafin) and chemokines (IL-8, GROα). We independently confirmed the synergistic increase of these four proteins by western blots and ELISA. We also functionally confirmed that factors secreted by HBEC stimulated with the combination of IL-17A/F and TNF-α uniquely enhances neutrophil migration. We further showed that PI3K and PKC pathways selectively control IL-17A/F + TNF-α-mediated synergistic production of HDPs LCN-2 and Elafin, but not chemokines IL-8 and GROα. Using a murine model of airway inflammation, we demonstrated enhancement of IL-17A/F, TNF-α, LCN-2 and neutrophil chemokine KC in the lungs, thus corroborating our findings in-vivo. Conclusion This study identifies proteins and signaling mediated by concurrent IL-17A/F and TNF-α exposure in the lungs, relevant to respiratory diseases characterized by chronic inflammation, especially neutrophilic airway inflammation such as severe asthma. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12950-022-00323-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Altieri
- grid.21613.370000 0004 1936 9609Manitoba Centre for Proteomics and Systems Biology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB Canada ,grid.21613.370000 0004 1936 9609Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB Canada
| | - Hadeesha Piyadasa
- grid.21613.370000 0004 1936 9609Manitoba Centre for Proteomics and Systems Biology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB Canada ,grid.21613.370000 0004 1936 9609Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB Canada ,grid.168010.e0000000419368956Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA USA
| | - Mahadevappa Hemshekhar
- grid.21613.370000 0004 1936 9609Manitoba Centre for Proteomics and Systems Biology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB Canada
| | - Natasha Osawa
- grid.21613.370000 0004 1936 9609Manitoba Centre for Proteomics and Systems Biology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB Canada
| | - Breann Recksiedler
- grid.21613.370000 0004 1936 9609Manitoba Centre for Proteomics and Systems Biology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB Canada
| | - Victor Spicer
- grid.21613.370000 0004 1936 9609Manitoba Centre for Proteomics and Systems Biology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB Canada
| | - Pieter S Hiemstra
- grid.10419.3d0000000089452978Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Andrew J Halayko
- grid.21613.370000 0004 1936 9609Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB Canada ,grid.460198.20000 0004 4685 0561Biology of Breathing Group, The Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB Canada
| | - Neeloffer Mookherjee
- grid.21613.370000 0004 1936 9609Manitoba Centre for Proteomics and Systems Biology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB Canada ,grid.21613.370000 0004 1936 9609Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB Canada ,grid.460198.20000 0004 4685 0561Biology of Breathing Group, The Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB Canada
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6
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Bonaguro L, Schulte-Schrepping J, Carraro C, Sun LL, Reiz B, Gemünd I, Saglam A, Rahmouni S, Georges M, Arts P, Hoischen A, Joosten LA, van de Veerdonk FL, Netea MG, Händler K, Mukherjee S, Ulas T, Schultze JL, Aschenbrenner AC. Human variation in population-wide gene expression data predicts gene perturbation phenotype. iScience 2022; 25:105328. [PMID: 36310583 PMCID: PMC9614568 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Population-scale datasets of healthy individuals capture genetic and environmental factors influencing gene expression. The expression variance of a gene of interest (GOI) can be exploited to set up a quasi loss- or gain-of-function "in population" experiment. We describe here an approach, huva (human variation), taking advantage of population-scale multi-layered data to infer gene function and relationships between phenotypes and expression. Within a reference dataset, huva derives two experimental groups with LOW or HIGH expression of the GOI, enabling the subsequent comparison of their transcriptional profile and functional parameters. We demonstrate that this approach robustly identifies the phenotypic relevance of a GOI allowing the stratification of genes according to biological functions, and we generalize this concept to almost 16,000 genes in the human transcriptome. Additionally, we describe how huva predicts monocytes to be the major cell type in the pathophysiology of STAT1 mutations, evidence validated in a clinical cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Bonaguro
- Systems Medicine, Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), 53127 Bonn, Germany
- Genomics and Immunoregulation, Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, 53113 Bonn, Germany
| | - Jonas Schulte-Schrepping
- Systems Medicine, Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), 53127 Bonn, Germany
- Genomics and Immunoregulation, Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, 53113 Bonn, Germany
| | - Caterina Carraro
- Systems Medicine, Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), 53127 Bonn, Germany
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Laura L. Sun
- Genomics and Immunoregulation, Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, 53113 Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Ioanna Gemünd
- Systems Medicine, Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), 53127 Bonn, Germany
- Genomics and Immunoregulation, Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, 53113 Bonn, Germany
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, the University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, 3010 VIC, Australia
| | - Adem Saglam
- Systems Medicine, Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Souad Rahmouni
- Unit of Animal Genomics, GIGA-Institute, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Michel Georges
- Unit of Animal Genomics, GIGA-Institute, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Peer Arts
- Department of Human Genetics and Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Pathology, Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and the University of South Australia, Adelaide, 5000 SA, Australia
| | - Alexander Hoischen
- Department of Human Genetics and Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Leo A.B. Joosten
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Department of Medical Genetics, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Frank L. van de Veerdonk
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Mihai G. Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Immunology and Metabolism, Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, 53113 Bonn, Germany
| | - Kristian Händler
- Systems Medicine, Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), 53127 Bonn, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), PRECISE Platform for Genomics and Epigenomics at DZNE and University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Sach Mukherjee
- Statistics and Machine Learning, Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), 53127 Bonn, Germany
- MRC Biostatistics Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SR, UK
| | - Thomas Ulas
- Systems Medicine, Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), 53127 Bonn, Germany
- Genomics and Immunoregulation, Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, 53113 Bonn, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), PRECISE Platform for Genomics and Epigenomics at DZNE and University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Joachim L. Schultze
- Systems Medicine, Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), 53127 Bonn, Germany
- Genomics and Immunoregulation, Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, 53113 Bonn, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), PRECISE Platform for Genomics and Epigenomics at DZNE and University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Anna C. Aschenbrenner
- Systems Medicine, Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), 53127 Bonn, Germany
- Genomics and Immunoregulation, Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, 53113 Bonn, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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7
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Lawrence ALE, Berger RP, Hill DR, Huang S, Yadagiri VK, Bons B, Fields C, Sule GJ, Knight JS, Wobus CE, Spence JR, Young VB, O’Riordan MX, Abuaita BH. Human neutrophil IL1β directs intestinal epithelial cell extrusion during Salmonella infection. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010855. [PMID: 36191054 PMCID: PMC9578578 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection of the human gut by Salmonella enterica Typhimurium (STM) results in a localized inflammatory disease that is not mimicked in murine infections. To determine mechanisms by which neutrophils, as early responders to bacterial challenge, direct inflammatory programming of human intestinal epithelium, we established a multi-component human intestinal organoid (HIO) model of STM infection. HIOs were micro-injected with STM and seeded with primary human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN-HIOs). PMNs did not significantly alter luminal colonization of Salmonella, but their presence reduced intraepithelial bacterial burden. Adding PMNs to infected HIOs resulted in substantial accumulation of shed TUNEL+ epithelial cells that was driven by PMN Caspase-1 activity. Inhibition of Caspases-1, -3 or -4 abrogated epithelial cell death and extrusion in the infected PMN-HIOs but only Caspase-1 inhibition significantly increased bacterial burden in the PMN-HIO epithelium. Thus, PMNs promote cell death in human intestinal epithelial cells through multiple caspases as a protective response to infection. IL-1β was necessary and sufficient to induce cell shedding in the infected HIOs. These data support a critical innate immune function for human neutrophils in amplifying cell death and extrusion of human epithelial cells from the Salmonella-infected intestinal monolayer. Neutrophils are early responders to Salmonella intestinal infection, but how they influence infection progression and outcome is unknown. Here we use a co-culture model of human intestinal organoids and human primary neutrophils to study the contribution of human neutrophils to Salmonella infection of the intestinal epithelium. We found that neutrophils markedly enhanced epithelial defenses, including enhancing cell extrusion to reduce intraepithelial burden of Salmonella and close association with the epithelium. These findings reveal an early role for neutrophils in the gut in shaping the gut environment to control epithelial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Lisa E. Lawrence
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Ryan P. Berger
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - David R. Hill
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Sha Huang
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Veda K. Yadagiri
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Brooke Bons
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Courtney Fields
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Gautam J. Sule
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Jason S. Knight
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Christiane E. Wobus
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Jason R. Spence
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Vincent B. Young
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Mary X. O’Riordan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- * E-mail: (MXO); (BHA)
| | - Basel H. Abuaita
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- * E-mail: (MXO); (BHA)
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8
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Qokoyi NK, Masamba P, Kappo AP. Proteins as Targets in Anti-Schistosomal Drug Discovery and Vaccine Development. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:762. [PMID: 34358178 PMCID: PMC8310332 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9070762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteins hardly function in isolation; they form complexes with other proteins or molecules to mediate cell signaling and control cellular processes in various organisms. Protein interactions control mechanisms that lead to normal and/or disease states. The use of competitive small molecule inhibitors to disrupt disease-relevant protein-protein interactions (PPIs) holds great promise for the development of new drugs. Schistosome invasion of the human host involves a variety of cross-species protein interactions. The pathogen expresses specific proteins that not only facilitate the breach of physical and biochemical barriers present in skin, but also evade the immune system and digestion of human hemoglobin, allowing for survival in the host for years. However, only a small number of specific protein interactions between the host and parasite have been functionally characterized; thus, in-depth understanding of the molecular mechanisms of these interactions is a key component in the development of new treatment methods. Efforts are now focused on developing a schistosomiasis vaccine, as a proposed better strategy used either alone or in combination with Praziquantel to control and eliminate this disease. This review will highlight protein interactions in schistosomes that can be targeted by specific PPI inhibitors for the design of an alternative treatment to Praziquantel.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Abidemi Paul Kappo
- Molecular Biophysics and Structural Biology (MBSB) Group, Department of Biochemistry, Kingsway Campus, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa; (N.K.Q.); (P.M.)
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9
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McKelvey MC, Brown R, Ryan S, Mall MA, Weldon S, Taggart CC. Proteases, Mucus, and Mucosal Immunity in Chronic Lung Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5018. [PMID: 34065111 PMCID: PMC8125985 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22095018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulated protease activity has long been implicated in the pathogenesis of chronic lung diseases and especially in conditions that display mucus obstruction, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cystic fibrosis, and non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis. However, our appreciation of the roles of proteases in various aspects of such diseases continues to grow. Patients with muco-obstructive lung disease experience progressive spirals of inflammation, mucostasis, airway infection and lung function decline. Some therapies exist for the treatment of these symptoms, but they are unable to halt disease progression and patients may benefit from novel adjunct therapies. In this review, we highlight how proteases act as multifunctional enzymes that are vital for normal airway homeostasis but, when their activity becomes immoderate, also directly contribute to airway dysfunction, and impair the processes that could resolve disease. We focus on how proteases regulate the state of mucus at the airway surface, impair mucociliary clearance and ultimately, promote mucostasis. We discuss how, in parallel, proteases are able to promote an inflammatory environment in the airways by mediating proinflammatory signalling, compromising host defence mechanisms and perpetuating their own proteolytic activity causing structural lung damage. Finally, we discuss some possible reasons for the clinical inefficacy of protease inhibitors to date and propose that, especially in a combination therapy approach, proteases represent attractive therapeutic targets for muco-obstructive lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C. McKelvey
- Airway Innate Immunity Research (AiiR) Group, Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK; (M.C.M.); (R.B.); (S.R.); (S.W.)
| | - Ryan Brown
- Airway Innate Immunity Research (AiiR) Group, Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK; (M.C.M.); (R.B.); (S.R.); (S.W.)
| | - Sinéad Ryan
- Airway Innate Immunity Research (AiiR) Group, Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK; (M.C.M.); (R.B.); (S.R.); (S.W.)
| | - Marcus A. Mall
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany;
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), 10178 Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 35392 Gießen, Germany
| | - Sinéad Weldon
- Airway Innate Immunity Research (AiiR) Group, Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK; (M.C.M.); (R.B.); (S.R.); (S.W.)
| | - Clifford C. Taggart
- Airway Innate Immunity Research (AiiR) Group, Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK; (M.C.M.); (R.B.); (S.R.); (S.W.)
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Visscher MO, Carr AN, Winget J, Huggins T, Bascom CC, Isfort R, Lammers K, Narendran V. Biomarkers of neonatal skin barrier adaptation reveal substantial differences compared to adult skin. Pediatr Res 2021; 89:1208-1215. [PMID: 32599611 PMCID: PMC8119241 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-020-1035-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to measure skin characteristics in premature (PT), late preterm (LPT), and full-term (FT) neonates compared with adults at two times (T1, T2). METHODS Skin samples of 61 neonates and 34 adults were analyzed for protein biomarkers, natural moisturizing factor (NMF), and biophysical parameters. Infant groups were: <34 weeks (PT), 34-<37 weeks (LPT), and ≥37 weeks (FT). RESULTS Forty proteins were differentially expressed in FT infant skin, 38 in LPT infant skin, and 12 in PT infant skin compared with adult skin at T1. At T2, 40 proteins were differentially expressed in FT infants, 38 in LPT infants, and 54 in PT infants compared with adults. All proteins were increased at both times, except TMG3, S100A7, and PEBP1, and decreased in PTs at T1. The proteins are involved in filaggrin processing, protease inhibition/enzyme regulation, and antimicrobial function. Eight proteins were decreased in PT skin compared with FT skin at T1. LPT and FT proteins were generally comparable at both times. Total NMF was lower in infants than adults at T1, but higher in infants at T2. CONCLUSIONS Neonates respond to the physiological transitions at birth by upregulating processes that drive the production of lower pH of the skin and water-binding NMF components, prevent protease activity leading to desquamation, and increase the barrier antimicrobial properties. IMPACT Neonates respond to the transitions at birth by upregulating processes that drive the production of lower pH of the skin and NMF, prevent protease activity leading to desquamation, and increase the antimicrobial properties of the barrier. The neonatal epidermal barrier exhibits a markedly different array of protein biomarkers both shortly after birth and 2-3 months later, which are differentially expressed versus adults. The major biomarker-functional classes included filaggrin processing, protease inhibitor/enzyme regulators, antimicrobials, keratins, lipids, and cathepsins. The findings will guide improvement of infant skin care practices, particularly for the most premature infants with the ultimate goals mitigating nosocomial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marty O. Visscher
- grid.239573.90000 0000 9025 8099Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH USA ,grid.24827.3b0000 0001 2179 9593James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH USA
| | - Andrew N. Carr
- grid.418758.70000 0004 1368 0092The Procter & Gamble Company, Cincinnati, OH USA
| | - Jason Winget
- grid.418758.70000 0004 1368 0092The Procter & Gamble Company, Cincinnati, OH USA
| | - Thomas Huggins
- grid.418758.70000 0004 1368 0092The Procter & Gamble Company, Cincinnati, OH USA
| | - Charles C. Bascom
- grid.418758.70000 0004 1368 0092The Procter & Gamble Company, Cincinnati, OH USA
| | - Robert Isfort
- grid.418758.70000 0004 1368 0092The Procter & Gamble Company, Cincinnati, OH USA
| | - Karen Lammers
- grid.239573.90000 0000 9025 8099Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH USA
| | - Vivek Narendran
- grid.239573.90000 0000 9025 8099Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH USA
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11
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The Whey Acidic Protein WFDC12 Is Specifically Expressed in Terminally Differentiated Keratinocytes and Regulates Epidermal Serine Protease Activity. J Invest Dermatol 2020; 141:1198-1206.e13. [PMID: 33157095 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2020.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
WFDC proteins such as peptidase inhibitor 3 and SLPI inhibit proteases in the epidermis and other tissues. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that further WFDC protein family members might contribute to epidermal homeostasis. We found that in addition to peptidase inhibitor 3 and SLPI, WFDC5 and WFDC12 were expressed in human epidermis. In contrast to WFDC5, the expression of WFDC12 was induced during the late differentiation of keratinocytes and was restricted to the outermost layer of live cells. Single-cell RNA sequencing demonstrated that WFDC12-positive keratinocytes were characterized by the upregulation of LCE mRNA expression and downregulated the expression of keratins and claudins. Immunogold-electron microscopy revealed the colocalization of WFDC12 with corneodesmosomes in the lower stratum corneum. WFDC12 was elevated in the affected skin of patients with psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, and Darier disease. By contrast, WFDC12 expression was strongly upregulated not only in the affected but even more so in clinically normal-appearing skin of patients with Netherton syndrome. Finally, functional analysis showed distinct inhibitory activity of WFDC12 on neutrophil elastase and epidermal kallikrein‒related peptidase. Altogether, our study identified WFDC12 as a marker of the last stage of epidermal keratinocyte differentiation and suggests that WFDC12 contributes to the control of protease activity in the stratum corneum.
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12
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Ederveen THA, Smits JPH, Boekhorst J, Schalkwijk J, van den Bogaard EH, Zeeuwen PLJM. Skin microbiota in health and disease: From sequencing to biology. J Dermatol 2020; 47:1110-1118. [PMID: 32804417 PMCID: PMC7589227 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.15536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Microbiota live in a closely regulated interaction with their environment, and vice versa. The presence and absence of microbial entities is greatly influenced by features of the niche in which they thrive. Characteristic of this phenomenon is that different human skin sites harbor niche‐specific communities of microbes. Microbial diversity is considerable, and the current challenge lies in determining which microbes and (corresponding) functionality are of importance to a given ecological niche. Furthermore, as there is increasing evidence of microbial involvement in health and disease, the need arises to fundamentally understand microbiome processes for application in health care, nutrition and personal care products (e.g. diet, cosmetics, probiotics). This review provides a current overview of state‐of‐the‐art sequencing‐based techniques and corresponding data analysis methodology for profiling of complex microbial communities. Furthermore, we also summarize the existing knowledge regarding cutaneous microbiota and their human host for a wide range of skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas H A Ederveen
- Center for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics (CMBI), Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center (Radboudumc), Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Dermatology, RIMLS, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jos P H Smits
- Department of Dermatology, RIMLS, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jos Boekhorst
- Center for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics (CMBI), Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center (Radboudumc), Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,NIZO, Ede, The Netherlands
| | - Joost Schalkwijk
- Department of Dermatology, RIMLS, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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13
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Holmannova D, Borsky P, Borska L, Andrys C, Hamakova K, Rehacek V, Svadlakova T, Malkova A, Beranek M, Palicka V, Krejsek J, Fiala Z. Metabolic Syndrome, Clusterin and Elafin in Patients with Psoriasis Vulgaris. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21165617. [PMID: 32764517 PMCID: PMC7460615 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Psoriasis is a pathological condition characterized by immune system dysfunction and inflammation. Patients with psoriasis are more likely to develop a wide range of disorders associated with inflammation. Serum levels of various substances and their combinations have been associated with the presence of the disease (psoriasis) and have shown the potential to reflect its activity. The aim of the present study is to contribute to the elucidation of pathophysiological links between psoriasis, its pro-inflammatory comorbidity metabolic syndrome (MetS), and the expression of clusterin and elafin, which are reflected in the pathophysiological “portfolio” of both diseases. Material and methods: Clinical examinations (PASI score), ELISA (clusterin, elafin), and biochemical analyses (parameters of MetS) were performed. Results: We found that patients with psoriasis were more often afflicted by MetS, compared to the healthy controls. Clusterin and elafin levels were higher in the patients than in the controls but did not correlate to the severity of psoriasis. Conclusion: Our data suggest that patients with psoriasis are more susceptible to developing other systemic inflammatory diseases, such as MetS. The levels of clusterin and elafin, which are tightly linked to inflammation, were significantly increased in the patients, compared to the controls, but the presence of MetS in patients did not further increase these levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drahomira Holmannova
- Institute of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, 50038 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (D.H.); (T.S.); (A.M.); (M.B.); (Z.F.)
| | - Pavel Borsky
- Institute of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, 50038 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (D.H.); (T.S.); (A.M.); (M.B.); (Z.F.)
- Institute of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic;
- Correspondence:
| | - Lenka Borska
- Institute of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic;
| | - Ctirad Andrys
- Institute of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, 50005 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (C.A.); (J.K.)
| | - Kvetoslava Hamakova
- Clinic of Dermatology and Venereology, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, 50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic;
| | - Vit Rehacek
- Transfusion Center, University Hospital, 50005 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic;
| | - Tereza Svadlakova
- Institute of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, 50038 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (D.H.); (T.S.); (A.M.); (M.B.); (Z.F.)
- Institute of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, 50005 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (C.A.); (J.K.)
| | - Andrea Malkova
- Institute of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, 50038 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (D.H.); (T.S.); (A.M.); (M.B.); (Z.F.)
| | - Martin Beranek
- Institute of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, 50038 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (D.H.); (T.S.); (A.M.); (M.B.); (Z.F.)
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics, University Hospital Hradec Kralove and Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, 50005 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic;
| | - Vladimir Palicka
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics, University Hospital Hradec Kralove and Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, 50005 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic;
| | - Jan Krejsek
- Institute of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, 50005 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (C.A.); (J.K.)
| | - Zdenek Fiala
- Institute of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, 50038 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (D.H.); (T.S.); (A.M.); (M.B.); (Z.F.)
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Azkargorta M, Bregón-Villahoz M, Escobes I, Ibáñez-Pérez J, Iloro I, Iglesias M, Diez-Zapirain M, Rabanal A, Prieto B, Moragues MD, Matorras R, Elortza F. In-depth proteomics and natural peptidomics analyses reveal antibacterial peptides in human endometrial fluid. J Proteomics 2020; 216:103652. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2020.103652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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15
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16
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Alpha-1 Antitrypsin-A Target for MicroRNA-Based Therapeutic Development for Cystic Fibrosis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21030836. [PMID: 32012925 PMCID: PMC7037267 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21030836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder arising from mutations to the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene. Disruption to normal ion homeostasis in the airway results in impaired mucociliary clearance, leaving the lung more vulnerable to recurrent and chronic bacterial infections. The CF lung endures an excess of neutrophilic inflammation, and whilst neutrophil serine proteases are a crucial part of the innate host defence to infection, a surplus of neutrophil elastase (NE) is understood to create a net destructive effect. Alpha-1 antitrypsin (A1AT) is a key antiprotease in the control of NE protease activity but is ineffective in the CF lung due to the huge imbalance of NE levels. Therapeutic strategies to boost levels of protective antiproteases such as A1AT in the lung remain an attractive research strategy to limit the damage from excess protease activity. microRNAs are small non-coding RNA molecules that bind specific cognate sequences to inhibit expression of target mRNAs. The inhibition of miRNAs which target the SERPINA1 (A1AT-encoding gene) mRNA represents a novel therapeutic approach for CF inflammation. This could involve the delivery of antagomirs that bind and sequester the target miRNA, or target site blockers that bind miRNA recognition elements within the target mRNA to prevent miRNA interaction. Therefore, miRNA targeted therapies offer an alternative strategy to drive endogenous A1AT production and thus supplement the antiprotease shield of the CF lung.
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17
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Predictive value of cervical cytokine, antimicrobial and microflora levels for pre-term birth in high-risk women. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11246. [PMID: 31375740 PMCID: PMC6677789 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47756-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB, delivery <37 weeks gestation), accounts for approximately 10% of births worldwide; the aetiology is multifactorial with intra-amniotic infection being one contributing factor. This study aimed to determine whether asymptomatic women with a history of sPTB or cervical surgery have altered levels of inflammatory/antimicrobial mediators and/or microflora within cervical fluid at 22-24 weeks gestation. External cervical fluid was collected from women with history of previous sPTB and/or cervical surgery at 22-24 weeks gestation (n = 135). Cytokine and antimicrobial peptides were measured on a multiplex platform or by ELISA. qPCR was performed for detection of 7 potentially pathogenic bacterial species. IL-8 and IL-1β levels were lower in women who delivered preterm compared to those who delivered at term (IL-8 P = 0.02; IL-1β P = 0.04). There were no differences in elafin or human beta defensin-1 protein levels between the two groups. Multiple bacterial species were detected in a higher proportion of women who delivered preterm than in those who delivered at term (P = 0.005). Cervical fluid IL-8 and IL-1β and microflora have the potential to be used as biomarkers to predict sPTB in high risk women.
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18
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Coates M, Mariottoni P, Corcoran DL, Kirshner HF, Jaleel T, Brown DA, Brooks SR, Murray J, Morasso MI, MacLeod AS. The skin transcriptome in hidradenitis suppurativa uncovers an antimicrobial and sweat gland gene signature which has distinct overlap with wounded skin. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0216249. [PMID: 31059533 PMCID: PMC6502346 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0216249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a debilitating chronic inflammatory skin disease resulting in non-healing wounds affecting body areas of high hair follicle and sweat gland density. The pathogenesis of HS is not well understood but appears to involve dysbiosis-driven aberrant activation of the innate immune system leading to excessive inflammation. Marked dysregulation of antimicrobial peptides and proteins (AMPs) in HS is observed, which may contribute to this sustained inflammation. Here, we analyzed HS skin transcriptomes from previously published studies and integrated these findings through a comparative analysis with a published wound healing data set and with immunofluorescence and qPCR analysis from new HS patient samples. Among the top differently expressed genes between lesional and non-lesional HS skin were members of the S100 family as well as dermcidin, the latter known as a sweat gland-associated AMP and one of the most downregulated genes in HS lesions. Interestingly, many genes associated with sweat gland function, such as secretoglobins and aquaporin 5, were decreased in HS lesional skin and we discovered that these genes demonstrated opposite expression profiles in healing skin. Conversely, HS lesional and wounded skin shared a common gene signature including genes encoding for S100 proteins, defensins, and genes encoding antiviral proteins. Overall, our results suggest that the pathogenesis of HS may be driven by changes in AMP expression and altered sweat gland function, and may share a similar pathology with chronic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret Coates
- Department of Dermatology, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Paula Mariottoni
- Department of Dermatology, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - David L. Corcoran
- Duke Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Hélène Fradin Kirshner
- Duke Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Tarannum Jaleel
- Department of Dermatology, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - David A. Brown
- Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Stephen R. Brooks
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - John Murray
- Department of Dermatology, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Maria I. Morasso
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Amanda S. MacLeod
- Department of Dermatology, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States of America
- Department of Immunology, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States of America
- Pinnell Center for Investigative Dermatology, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Wu Z, Wu Y, Fischer J, Bartels J, Schröder JM, Meyer-Hoffert U. Skin-Derived SPINK9 Kills Escherichia coli. J Invest Dermatol 2019; 139:1135-1142. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2018.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Niehues H, Rösler B, van der Krieken DA, van Vlijmen-Willems IMJJ, Rodijk-Olthuis D, Peppelman M, Schalkwijk J, van den Bogaard EHJ, Zeeuwen PLJM, van de Veerdonk FL. STAT1 gain-of-function compromises skin host defense in the context of IFN-γ signaling. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2018; 143:1626-1629.e5. [PMID: 30576757 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2018.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Niehues
- Department of Dermatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Berenice Rösler
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Danique A van der Krieken
- Department of Dermatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ivonne M J J van Vlijmen-Willems
- Department of Dermatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Diana Rodijk-Olthuis
- Department of Dermatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Malou Peppelman
- Department of Dermatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Joost Schalkwijk
- Department of Dermatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ellen H J van den Bogaard
- Department of Dermatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick L J M Zeeuwen
- Department of Dermatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Frank L van de Veerdonk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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White Bear J, Long T, Skinner D, McKerrow JH. Predictions of novel Schistosoma mansoni - human protein interactions consistent with experimental data. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13092. [PMID: 30166569 PMCID: PMC6117258 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31272-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection by the human blood fluke, Schistosoma mansoni involves a variety of cross-species protein- protein interactions. The pathogen expresses a diverse arsenal of proteins that facilitate the breach of physical and biochemical barriers present in skin evasion of the immune system, and digestion of human plasma proteins including albumin and hemoglobin, allowing schistosomes to reside in the host for years. However, only a small number of specific interactions between S. mansoni and human proteins have been identified. We present and apply a protocol that generates testable predictions of S. mansoni-human protein interactions. In this study, we have preliminary predictions of novel interactions between schistosome and human proteins relevant to infection and the ability of the parasite to evade the immune system. We applied a computational whole-genome comparative approach to predict potential S. mansoni-human protein interactions based on similarity to known protein complexes. We first predict S. mansoni -human protein interactions based on similarity to known protein complexes. Putative interactions were then scored and assessed using several contextual filters, including the use of annotation automatically derived from literature using a simple natural language processing methodology. Next, in vitro experiments were carried out between schistosome and host proteins to validate several prospective predictions. Our method predicted 7 out of the 10 previously known cross-species interactions involved in pathogenesis between S. mansoni and its human host. Interestingly, two novel putative interactions involving Schistosoma proteins, the cercarial elastase SmCE, and the adult tegument surface protein Sm29, were also predicted and experimentally characterized. Preliminary data suggest that elafin, a host endogenous serine protease inhibitor, may be a novel substrate for SmCE. Additionally, CD59, an inhibitor of the membrane attack complex, could interact with Sm29. Furthermore, the application framework provides an integrated methodology for investigation of host-pathogen interactions and an extensive source of orthogonal data for experimental analysis. We have made the predictions available for community perusal.
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Affiliation(s)
- J White Bear
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, and California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.
- Graduate Group in Bioinformatics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.
- MIT Lincoln Laboratory 244 Wood St, Lexington, MA, USA.
| | - Thavy Long
- Department of Pathology and Sandler Center for Basic Research in Parasitic Diseases, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California, 94158, USA
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- INRA - InTheRes - UMR 1436, Equipe Transporteurs Membranaires et Résistance, 180, Chemin de Tournefeuille, Toulouse, France
| | - Danielle Skinner
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - James H McKerrow
- Department of Pathology and Sandler Center for Basic Research in Parasitic Diseases, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California, 94158, USA
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
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Peptide based therapeutics and their use for the treatment of neurodegenerative and other diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 103:574-581. [PMID: 29677544 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioactive peptides are actively involved in different biological functions and importantly contribute to human health, and the use of peptides as therapeutics has a long successful history in disease management. A number of peptides have wide-ranging therapeutic effects, such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antithrombotic effects. Neurodegenerative diseases are typically caused by abnormal aggregations of proteins or peptides, and the depositions of these aggregates in or on neurons, disrupt signaling and eventually kill neurons. During recent years, research on short peptides has advanced tremendously. This review offers a brief introduction to peptide based therapeutics and their application in disease management and provides an overview of peptide vaccines, and toxicity related issues. In addition, the importance of peptides in the management of different neurodegenerative diseases and their therapeutic applications is discussed. The present review provides an understanding of peptides and their applications for the management of different diseases, but with focus on neurodegenerative diseases. The role of peptides as anti-cancer, antimicrobial and antidiabetic agents has also been discussed.
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Torres SMF, Furrow E, Souza CP, Granick JL, de Jong EP, Griffin TJ, Wang X. Salivary proteomics of healthy dogs: An in depth catalog. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0191307. [PMID: 29329347 PMCID: PMC5766244 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To provide an in-depth catalog of the salivary proteome and endogenous peptidome of healthy dogs, evaluate proteins and peptides with antimicrobial properties, and compare the most common salivary proteins and peptides between different breed phylogeny groups. Methods 36 healthy dogs without evidence of periodontal disease representing four breed phylogeny groups, based upon single nucleotide polymorphism haplotypes (ancient, herding/sighthound, and two miscellaneous groups). Saliva collected from dogs was pooled by phylogeny group and analyzed using nanoscale liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Resulting tandem mass spectra were compared to databases for identification of endogenous peptides and inferred proteins. Results 2,491 proteins and endogenous peptides were found in the saliva of healthy dogs with no periodontal disease. All dog phylogeny groups’ saliva was rich in proteins and peptides with antimicrobial functions. The ancient breeds group was distinct in that it contained unique proteins and was missing many proteins and peptides present in the other groups. Conclusions and clinical relevance Using a sophisticated nanoscale liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, we were able to identify 10-fold more salivary proteins than previously reported in dogs. Seven of the top 10 most abundant proteins or peptides serve immune functions and many more with various antimicrobial mechanisms were found. This is the most comprehensive analysis of healthy canine saliva to date, and will provide the groundwork for future studies analyzing salivary proteins and endogenous peptides in disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheila M. F. Torres
- Veterinary Clinical Sciences Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Eva Furrow
- Veterinary Clinical Sciences Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Clarissa P. Souza
- Veterinary Clinical Sciences Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
- Clinical Sciences Department, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Jennifer L. Granick
- Veterinary Clinical Sciences Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Ebbing P. de Jong
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biochemistry, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, United States of America
| | - Timothy J. Griffin
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Xiong Wang
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
- Minnesota Department of Health, Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
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24
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Laputková G, Schwartzová V, Bánovčin J, Alexovič M, Sabo J. Salivary Protein Roles in Oral Health and as Predictors of Caries Risk. Open Life Sci 2018; 13:174-200. [PMID: 33817083 PMCID: PMC7874700 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2018-0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This work describes the current state of research on the potential relationship between protein content in human saliva and dental caries, which remains among the most common oral diseases and causes irreversible damage in the oral cavity. An understanding the whole saliva proteome in the oral cavity could serve as a prerequisite to obtaining insight into the etiology of tooth decay at early stages. To date, however, there is no comprehensive evidence showing that salivary proteins could serve as potential indicators for the early diagnosis of the risk factors causing dental caries. Therefore, proteomics indicates the promising direction of future investigations of such factors, including diagnosis and thus prevention in dental therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina Laputková
- Department of Medical and Clinical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of P. J. Šafárik in Košice, Trieda SNP 1, Košice, 040 11, Slovakia
| | - Vladimíra Schwartzová
- 1st Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of P. J. Šafárik in Košice, Trieda SNP 1, Košice, 040 11, Slovakia
| | - Juraj Bánovčin
- Department of Stomatology and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of P. J. Šafárik in Košice, Rastislavova 43, Košice, 041 90, Slovakia
| | - Michal Alexovič
- Department of Medical and Clinical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of P. J. Šafárik in Košice, Trieda SNP 1, Košice, 040 11, Slovakia
| | - Ján Sabo
- Department of Medical and Clinical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of P. J. Šafárik in Košice, Trieda SNP 1, Košice, 040 11, Slovakia
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25
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Leiva-Juárez MM, Kolls JK, Evans SE. Lung epithelial cells: therapeutically inducible effectors of antimicrobial defense. Mucosal Immunol 2018; 11:21-34. [PMID: 28812547 PMCID: PMC5738267 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2017.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Lung epithelial cells are increasingly recognized to be active effectors of microbial defense, contributing to both innate and adaptive immune function in the lower respiratory tract. As immune sentinels, lung epithelial cells detect diverse pathogens through an ample repertoire of membrane-bound, endosomal, and cytosolic pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs). The highly plastic epithelial barrier responds to detected threats via modulation of paracellular flux, intercellular communications, mucin production, and periciliary fluid composition. Epithelial PRR stimulation also induces production of cytokines that recruit and sculpt leukocyte-mediated responses, and promotes epithelial generation of antimicrobial effector molecules that are directly microbicidal. The epithelium can alternately enhance tolerance to pathogens, preventing tissue damage through PRR-induced inhibitory signals, opsonization of pathogen-associated molecular patterns, and attenuation of injurious leukocyte responses. The inducibility of these protective responses has prompted attempts to therapeutically harness epithelial defense mechanisms to protect against pneumonias. Recent reports describe successful strategies for manipulation of epithelial defenses to protect against a wide range of respiratory pathogens. The lung epithelium is capable of both significant antimicrobial responses that reduce pathogen burdens and tolerance mechanisms that attenuate immunopathology. This manuscript reviews inducible lung epithelial defense mechanisms that offer opportunities for therapeutic manipulation to protect vulnerable populations against pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel M. Leiva-Juárez
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jay K. Kolls
- Richard King Mellon Foundation Institute for Pediatric Research, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Scott E. Evans
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA,The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas, USA
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26
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Small DM, Doherty DF, Dougan CM, Weldon S, Taggart CC. The role of whey acidic protein four-disulfide-core proteins in respiratory health and disease. Biol Chem 2017; 398:425-440. [PMID: 27930359 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2016-0262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Members of the whey acidic protein (WAP) or WAP four-disulfide-core (WFDC) family of proteins are a relatively under-explored family of low molecular weight proteins. The two most prominent WFDC proteins, secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) and elafin (or the precursor, trappin-2), have been shown to possess multiple functions including anti-protease, anti-bacterial, anti-viral and anti-inflammatory properties. It is therefore of no surprise that both SLPI and elafin/trappin-2 have been developed as potential therapeutics. Given the abundance of SLPI and elafin/trappin-2 in the human lung, most work in the area of WFDC research has focused on the role of WFDC proteins in protecting the lung from proteolytic attack. In this review, we will outline the current evidence regarding the expanding role of WFDC protein function with a focus on WFDC activity in lung disease as well as emerging data regarding the function of some of the more recently described WFDC proteins.
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27
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Roussilhon C, Bang G, Bastaert F, Solhonne B, Garcia-Verdugo I, Peronet R, Druilhe P, Sakuntabhai A, Mecheri S, Sallenave JM. The antimicrobial molecule trappin-2/elafin has anti-parasitic properties and is protective in vivo in a murine model of cerebral malaria. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42243. [PMID: 28181563 PMCID: PMC5299836 DOI: 10.1038/srep42243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
According to the WHO, and despite reduction in mortality rates, there were an estimated 438 000 malaria deaths in 2015. Therefore new antimalarials capable of limiting organ damage are still required. We show that systemic and lung adenovirus (Ad)-mediated over-expression of trappin-2 (T-2) an antibacterial molecule with anti-inflammatory activity, increased mice survival following infection with the cerebral malaria-inducing Plasmodium berghei ANKA (PbANKA) strain. Systemically, T-2 reduced PbANKA sequestration in spleen, lung, liver and brain, associated with a decrease in pro-inflammatory cytokines (eg TNF-α in spleen and lung) and an increase in IL-10 production in the lung. Similarly, local lung instillation of Ad-T-2 resulted in a reduced organ parasite sequestration and a shift towards an anti-inflammatory/repair response, potentially implicating monocytes in the protective phenotype. Relatedly, we demonstrated in vitro that human monocytes incubated with Plasmodium falciparum-infected red blood cells (Pf-iRBCs) and IgGs from hyper-immune African human sera produced T-2 and that the latter colocalized with merozoites and inhibited Pf multiplication. This array of data argues for the first time for the potential therapeutic usefulness of this host defense peptide in human malaria patients, with the aim to limit acute lung injury and respiratory distress syndrom often observed during malaria episodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Roussilhon
- Unité de génétique fonctionnelle des maladies infectieuses and CNRS Unité de recherche associée 3012; Paris, 75015, France
| | - Gilles Bang
- Unité de génétique fonctionnelle des maladies infectieuses and CNRS Unité de recherche associée 3012; Paris, 75015, France
| | - Fabien Bastaert
- Unité de Défense Innée et Inflammation, Institut Pasteur, 25 rue du Dr Roux, Paris, 75015, France
- INSERM U874, Institut Pasteur
- INSERM U1152, Faculté de Médicine site Bichat, Université Paris Diderot, Université Sorbonne Paris-Cité, 16, rue Henri Huchard, Paris, 75018, France
| | - Brigitte Solhonne
- Unité de Défense Innée et Inflammation, Institut Pasteur, 25 rue du Dr Roux, Paris, 75015, France
- INSERM U874, Institut Pasteur
- INSERM U1152, Faculté de Médicine site Bichat, Université Paris Diderot, Université Sorbonne Paris-Cité, 16, rue Henri Huchard, Paris, 75018, France
| | - Ignacio Garcia-Verdugo
- Unité de Défense Innée et Inflammation, Institut Pasteur, 25 rue du Dr Roux, Paris, 75015, France
- INSERM U874, Institut Pasteur
- INSERM U1152, Faculté de Médicine site Bichat, Université Paris Diderot, Université Sorbonne Paris-Cité, 16, rue Henri Huchard, Paris, 75018, France
| | - Roger Peronet
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Biologie des Interactions Hôte Parasites, CNRS ERL9195 and INSERM U1201, Paris F-75015, France
- CNRS ERL9195 and INSERM U1201, Paris F-75015, France
- INSERM U1201, Paris F-75015, France
| | | | - Anavaj Sakuntabhai
- Unité de génétique fonctionnelle des maladies infectieuses and CNRS Unité de recherche associée 3012; Paris, 75015, France
| | - Salaheddine Mecheri
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Biologie des Interactions Hôte Parasites, CNRS ERL9195 and INSERM U1201, Paris F-75015, France
- CNRS ERL9195 and INSERM U1201, Paris F-75015, France
- INSERM U1201, Paris F-75015, France
| | - Jean-Michel Sallenave
- Unité de Défense Innée et Inflammation, Institut Pasteur, 25 rue du Dr Roux, Paris, 75015, France
- INSERM U874, Institut Pasteur
- INSERM U1152, Faculté de Médicine site Bichat, Université Paris Diderot, Université Sorbonne Paris-Cité, 16, rue Henri Huchard, Paris, 75018, France
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28
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Gibbons MA, Bowdish DM, Davidson DJ, Sallenave JM, Simpson AJ. Endogenous Pulmonary Antibiotics. Scott Med J 2016; 51:37-42. [PMID: 16722137 DOI: 10.1258/rsmsmj.51.2.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The human lung produces a variety of peptides and proteins which have intrinsic antimicrobial activity. In general these molecules have broad spectra of antimicrobial activity, kill micro-organisms rapidly, and evade resistance generated by pathogens. In recent years it has become increasingly apparent that the antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) simultaneously possess immunomodulatory functions, suggesting complex roles for these molecules in regulating the clearance of, and immune response to, invading pathogens. These collective properties have stimulated considerable interest in the potential clinical application of endogenous AMPs. This article outlines the biology of AMPs, their pattern of expression in the lung, and their functions, with reference to both antimicrobial and immunomodulatory activity. We then consider the biological importance of AMPs, before concentrating on the potential to use AMPs to therapeutic effect. The principles discussed in the article apply to innate immune defence throughout the body, but particular emphasis is placed on AMPs in the lung and the potential application to pulmonary infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Gibbons
- Rayne Laboratory, MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, Edinburgh University Medical School, Teviot Place, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, Scotland, UK
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29
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Clausen ML, Slotved HC, Krogfelt KA, Andersen PS, Agner T. In vivoexpression of antimicrobial peptides in atopic dermatitis. Exp Dermatol 2015; 25:3-9. [DOI: 10.1111/exd.12831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maja-Lisa Clausen
- Department of Dermatology; Bispebjerg Hospital; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - H-C Slotved
- Department of Microbiology and Infection Control; Statens Serum Institut; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Karen A. Krogfelt
- Department of Microbiology and Infection Control; Statens Serum Institut; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Paal Skytt Andersen
- Department of Microbiology and Infection Control; Statens Serum Institut; Copenhagen Denmark
- Veterinary Disease Biology; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Tove Agner
- Department of Dermatology; Bispebjerg Hospital; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
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30
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Lecaille F, Lalmanach G, Andrault PM. Antimicrobial proteins and peptides in human lung diseases: A friend and foe partnership with host proteases. Biochimie 2015; 122:151-68. [PMID: 26341472 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2015.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Lung antimicrobial proteins and peptides (AMPs) are major sentinels of innate immunity by preventing microbial colonization and infection. Nevertheless bactericidal activity of AMPs against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria is compromised in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), cystic fibrosis (CF) and asthma. Evidence is accumulating that expression of harmful human serine proteases, matrix metalloproteases and cysteine cathepsins is markedely increased in these chronic lung diseases. The local imbalance between proteases and protease inhibitors compromises lung tissue integrity and function, by not only degrading extracellular matrix components, but also non-matrix proteins. Despite the fact that AMPs are somewhat resistant to proteolytic degradation, some human proteases cleave them efficiently and impair their antimicrobial potency. By contrast, certain AMPs may be effective as antiproteases. Host proteases participate in concert with bacterial proteases in the degradation of key innate immunity peptides/proteins and thus may play immunomodulatory activities during chronic lung diseases. In this context, the present review highlights the current knowledge and recent discoveries on the ability of host enzymes to interact with AMPs, providing a better understanding of the role of human proteases in innate host defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabien Lecaille
- INSERM, UMR 1100, Pathologies Respiratoires: Protéolyse et Aérosolthérapie, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires, Equipe 2: « Mécanismes Protéolytiques dans l'Inflammation », Université François Rabelais, F-37032 Tours cedex, France.
| | - Gilles Lalmanach
- INSERM, UMR 1100, Pathologies Respiratoires: Protéolyse et Aérosolthérapie, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires, Equipe 2: « Mécanismes Protéolytiques dans l'Inflammation », Université François Rabelais, F-37032 Tours cedex, France
| | - Pierre-Marie Andrault
- INSERM, UMR 1100, Pathologies Respiratoires: Protéolyse et Aérosolthérapie, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires, Equipe 2: « Mécanismes Protéolytiques dans l'Inflammation », Université François Rabelais, F-37032 Tours cedex, France
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31
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The Role of Serine Proteases and Antiproteases in the Cystic Fibrosis Lung. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015:293053. [PMID: 26185359 PMCID: PMC4491392 DOI: 10.1155/2015/293053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease is an inherited condition with an incidence rate of approximately 1 in 2500 new born babies. CF is characterized as chronic infection of the lung which leads to inflammation of the airway. Sputum from CF patients contains elevated levels of neutrophils and subsequently elevated levels of neutrophil serine proteases. In a healthy individual these proteases aid in the phagocytic process by degrading microbial peptides and are kept in homeostatic balance by cognate antiproteases. Due to the heavy neutrophil burden associated with CF the high concentration of neutrophil derived proteases overwhelms cognate antiproteases. The general effects of this protease/antiprotease imbalance are impaired mucus clearance, increased and self-perpetuating inflammation, and impaired immune responses and tissue. To restore this balance antiproteases have been suggested as potential therapeutics or therapeutic targets. As such a number of both endogenous and synthetic antiproteases have been trialed with mixed success as therapeutics for CF lung disease.
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32
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Azkargorta M, Soria J, Ojeda C, Guzmán F, Acera A, Iloro I, Suárez T, Elortza F. Human Basal Tear Peptidome Characterization by CID, HCD, and ETD Followed by in Silico and in Vitro Analyses for Antimicrobial Peptide Identification. J Proteome Res 2015; 14:2649-58. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.5b00179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mikel Azkargorta
- Proteomics Platform,
CIC bioGUNE, CIBERehd, ProteoRed-ISCIII, Bizkaia Science and Technology Park, 48160 Derio, Spain
| | - Javier Soria
- Bioftalmik Applied Research, Bizkaia
Science and Technology Park, 48160 Derio, Spain
| | - Claudia Ojeda
- Instituto
de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Avenida Universidad 330, 2373223 Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Fanny Guzmán
- Núcleo
Biotecnológico de Curauma (NBC), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Avenida Universidad 330, 2373223 Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Arantxa Acera
- Bioftalmik Applied Research, Bizkaia
Science and Technology Park, 48160 Derio, Spain
| | - Ibon Iloro
- Proteomics Platform,
CIC bioGUNE, CIBERehd, ProteoRed-ISCIII, Bizkaia Science and Technology Park, 48160 Derio, Spain
| | - Tatiana Suárez
- Bioftalmik Applied Research, Bizkaia
Science and Technology Park, 48160 Derio, Spain
| | - Felix Elortza
- Proteomics Platform,
CIC bioGUNE, CIBERehd, ProteoRed-ISCIII, Bizkaia Science and Technology Park, 48160 Derio, Spain
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33
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Small DM, Zani ML, Quinn DJ, Dallet-Choisy S, Glasgow AMA, O'Kane C, McAuley DF, McNally P, Weldon S, Moreau T, Taggart CC. A functional variant of elafin with improved anti-inflammatory activity for pulmonary inflammation. Mol Ther 2014; 23:24-31. [PMID: 25189740 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2014.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Elafin is a serine protease inhibitor produced by epithelial and immune cells with anti-inflammatory properties. Research has shown that dysregulated protease activity may elicit proteolytic cleavage of elafin, thereby impairing the innate immune function of the protein. The aim of this study was to generate variants of elafin (GG- and QQ-elafin) that exhibit increased protease resistance while retaining the biological properties of wild-type (WT) elafin. Similar to WT-elafin, GG- and QQ-elafin variants retained antiprotease activity and susceptibility to transglutaminase-mediated fibronectin cross-linking. However, in contrast to WT-elafin, GG- and QQ-elafin displayed significantly enhanced resistance to degradation when incubated with bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from patients with cystic fibrosis. Intriguingly, both variants, particularly GG-elafin, demonstrated improved lipopolysaccharide (LPS) neutralization properties in vitro. In addition, GG-elafin showed improved anti-inflammatory activity in a mouse model of LPS-induced acute lung inflammation. Inflammatory cell infiltration into the lung was reduced in lungs of mice treated with GG-elafin, predominantly neutrophilic infiltration. A reduction in MCP-1 levels in GG-elafin treated mice compared to the LPS alone treatment group was also demonstrated. GG-elafin showed increased functionality when compared to WT-elafin and may be of future therapeutic relevance in the treatment of lung diseases characterized by a protease burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donna M Small
- Centre for Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | | | - Derek J Quinn
- Centre for Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | | | - Arlene M A Glasgow
- Centre for Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Cecilia O'Kane
- Centre for Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Danny F McAuley
- Centre for Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Paul McNally
- 1] Our Lady's Hospital for Sick Children, Dublin, Ireland [2] National Children's Research Centre, Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sinéad Weldon
- Centre for Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Thierry Moreau
- CEPR, INSERM U1100/EA6305, University of Tours, Tours, France
| | - Clifford C Taggart
- Centre for Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
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34
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Hua L, Liu Y, Zhen S, Wan D, Cao J, Gao X. Expression and biochemical characterization of recombinant human epididymis protein 4. Protein Expr Purif 2014; 102:52-62. [PMID: 25131860 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2014.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Revised: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Whey acidic proteins (WAP) belong to a large gene family of antibacterial peptides that perform critical immune system functions. The function of human epididymis protein 4 (HE4), a 124-amino acid long polypeptide that has two whey acidic protein four-disulfide core (WFDC) domains, is not well studied. Here, a fusion gene encoding the HE4 protein fused to an IgG1 Fc domain was constructed. The recombinant HE4 protein was expressed as a secretory protein in Pichia pastoris and mammalian HEK293-F cells and was subsequently purified. Our data suggested that the HE4 protein produced by these two expression systems bound to both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, but demonstrated slightly inhibitory activity towards the growth of Staphylococcus aureus. Moreover, HE4 exhibited proteinase inhibitory activity towards trypsin, elastase, matrix metallopeptidase 9, and the secretory proteinases from Bacillus subtilis. The effects of glycosylation on the biochemical characterization of HE4 were also investigated. LC-ESI-MS glycosylation analysis showed that the high-mannose glycosylated form of HE4 expressed by P. pastoris has lower biological activity when compared to its complex-glycosylated form produced from HEK293-F cells. The implications of this are discussed, which may be provide theoretical basis for its important role in the development of cancer and innate immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Hua
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, 1 Shi-zi-shan Street, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, PR China; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, PR China
| | - Yunhui Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, PR China
| | - Shuai Zhen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, PR China
| | - Deyou Wan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, PR China
| | - Jiyue Cao
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, 1 Shi-zi-shan Street, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, PR China.
| | - Xin Gao
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, PR China.
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35
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Romas LM, Hasselrot K, Aboud LG, Birse KD, Ball TB, Broliden K, Burgener AD. A comparative proteomic analysis of the soluble immune factor environment of rectal and oral mucosa. PLoS One 2014; 9:e100820. [PMID: 24978053 PMCID: PMC4076261 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0100820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Accepted: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Sexual transmission of HIV occurs across a mucosal surface, which contains many soluble immune factors important for HIV immunity. Although the composition of mucosal fluids in the vaginal and oral compartments has been studied extensively, the knowledge of the expression of these factors in the rectal mucosa has been understudied and is very limited. This has particular relevance given that the highest rates of HIV acquisition occur via the rectal tract. To further our understanding of rectal mucosa, this study uses a proteomics approach to characterize immune factor components of rectal fluid, using saliva as a comparison, and evaluates its antiviral activity against HIV. Methods Paired salivary fluid (n = 10) and rectal lavage fluid (n = 10) samples were collected from healthy, HIV seronegative individuals. Samples were analyzed by label-free tandem mass spectrometry to comprehensively identify and quantify mucosal immune protein abundance differences between saliva and rectal fluids. The HIV inhibitory capacity of these fluids was further assessed using a TZM-bl reporter cell line. Results Of the 315 proteins identified in rectal lavage fluid, 72 had known immune functions, many of which have described anti-HIV activity, including cathelicidin, serpins, cystatins and antileukoproteinase. The majority of immune factors were similarly expressed between fluids, with only 21 differentially abundant (p<0.05, multiple comparison corrected). Notably, rectal mucosa had a high abundance of mucosal immunoglobulins and antiproteases relative to saliva, Rectal lavage limited HIV infection by 40–50% in vitro (p<0.05), which is lower than the potent anti-HIV effect of oral mucosal fluid (70–80% inhibition, p<0.005). Conclusions This study reveals that rectal mucosa contains many innate immune factors important for host immunity to HIV and can limit viral replication in vitro. This indicates an important role for this fluid as the first line of defense against HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M. Romas
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Klara Hasselrot
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Medicine Solna, Unit of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Center for Molecular Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lindsay G. Aboud
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Kenzie D. Birse
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - T. Blake Ball
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
- National Laboratory for HIV Immunology, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Canada
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Kristina Broliden
- National Laboratory for HIV Immunology, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Adam D. Burgener
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
- National Laboratory for HIV Immunology, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Supp DM, Neely AN. Cutaneous antimicrobial gene therapy: engineering human skin replacements to combat wound infection. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1586/17469872.3.1.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Otto M. Staphylococcus colonization of the skin and antimicrobial peptides. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 5:183-195. [PMID: 20473345 DOI: 10.1586/edm.10.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococci are the most abundant skin-colonizing bacteria and the most important causes of nosocomial infections and community-associated skin infections. Molecular determinants of staphylococcal skin colonization include surface polymers and proteins that promote adhesion and aggregation, and a wide variety of mechanisms to evade acquired and innate host defenses. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) likely play a central role in providing immunity to bacterial colonization on human epithelia. Recent research has shown that staphylococci have a broad arsenal to combat AMP activity, and can regulate expression of AMP-resistance mechanisms depending on the presence of AMPs. While direct in vivo evidence is still lacking, this suggests that the interplay between AMPs and AMP resistance mechanisms during evolution had a crucial role in rendering staphylococci efficient colonizers of human skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Otto
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, 9000 Rockville Pike, Building 33 1W10, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA, Tel.: +1 301 443 5209
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Nuding S, Gersemann M, Hosaka Y, Konietzny S, Schaefer C, Beisner J, Schroeder BO, Ostaff MJ, Saigenji K, Ott G, Schaller M, Stange EF, Wehkamp J. Gastric antimicrobial peptides fail to eradicate Helicobacter pylori infection due to selective induction and resistance. PLoS One 2013; 8:e73867. [PMID: 24040100 PMCID: PMC3770654 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0073867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2012] [Accepted: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although antimicrobial peptides protect mucus and mucosa from bacteria, Helicobacter pylori is able to colonize the gastric mucus. To clarify in which extend Helicobacter escapes the antimicrobial defense, we systematically assessed susceptibility and expression levels of different antimicrobial host factors in gastric mucosa with and without H. pylori infection. Materials and Methods We investigated the expression levels of HBD1 (gene name DEFB1), HBD2 (DEFB4A), HBD3 (DEFB103A), HBD4 (DEFB104A), LL37 (CAMP) and elafin (PI3) by real time PCR in gastric biopsy samples in a total of 20 controls versus 12 patients colonized with H. pylori. Immunostaining was performed for HBD2 and HBD3. We assessed antimicrobial susceptibility by flow cytometry, growth on blood agar, radial diffusion assay and electron microscopy. Results H. pylori infection was associated with increased gastric levels of the inducible defensin HBD2 and of the antiprotease elafin, whereas the expression levels of the constitutive defensin HBD1, inducible HBD3 and LL37 remained unchanged. HBD4 was not expressed in significant levels in gastric mucosa. H. pylori strains were resistant to the defensins HBD1 as well as to elafin, and strain specific minimally susceptible to HBD2, whereas HBD3 and LL37 killed all H. pylori strains effectively. We demonstrated the binding of HBD2 and LL37 on the surface of H. pylori cells. Comparing the antibacterial activity of extracts from H. pylori negative and positive biopsies, we found only a minimal killing against H. pylori that was not increased by the induction of HBD2 in H. pylori positive samples. Conclusion These data support the hypothesis that gastric H. pylori evades the host defense shield to allow colonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Nuding
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and University of Tübingen, Stuttgart, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Michael Gersemann
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Robert-Bosch Hospital, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Yoshio Hosaka
- Department of Internal Medicine, Isuzu Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sabrina Konietzny
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Robert-Bosch Hospital, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Christian Schaefer
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Robert-Bosch Hospital, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Julia Beisner
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and University of Tübingen, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Bjoern O. Schroeder
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and University of Tübingen, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Maureen J. Ostaff
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and University of Tübingen, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Katunori Saigenji
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kitasato University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - German Ott
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Robert-Bosch Hospital, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Martin Schaller
- Department of Dermatology, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Eduard F. Stange
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Robert-Bosch Hospital, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jan Wehkamp
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and University of Tübingen, Stuttgart, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Robert-Bosch Hospital, Stuttgart, Germany
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Tehrani FA, Ahmadiani A, Niknejad H. The effects of preservation procedures on antibacterial property of amniotic membrane. Cryobiology 2013; 67:293-8. [PMID: 23988559 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2013.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2013] [Revised: 08/10/2013] [Accepted: 08/13/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Amniotic membrane (AM), the innermost layer of the fetal membranes, has been widely employed in the surgical reconstruction and tissue engineering. Expression of the antimicrobial peptides such as defensins, elafin and SLPI which are essential elements of the innate immune system results in antibacterial properties of the AM. Preservation is necessary to reach a ready-to-use source of the AM. However, these methods might change the properties of the AM. The aim of this study was to evaluate antibacterial properties of the AM after preservation. Antibacterial property of the fresh AM was compared with cryopreserved and freeze-dried AM by modified disk diffusion method. Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and two clinical isolated strains of E. coli were cultured in Mueller Hinton agar and a piece of the AM was placed on agar surface. After 24h incubation, the inhibition zone was measured. In addition, one of the most important antibacterial peptides, elafin, was measured by ELISA assay before and after preservations procedures. Antibacterial properties of the AM were maintained after cryopreservation and freeze-drying. However, the inhibition zone was depending on the bacterial strains. The cryopreservation and freeze-drying procedures significantly decreased elafin which shows that antibacterial property is not limited to the effects of amniotic cells and the other components such as extracellular matrix may contribute in antibacterial effects. The promising results of this study show that the preserved AM is a proper substitute of the fresh AM to be employed in clinical situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh A Tehrani
- Nanomedicine and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Antiviral activity of trappin-2 and elafin in vitro and in vivo against genital herpes. J Virol 2013; 87:7526-38. [PMID: 23637403 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02243-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Serine protease inhibitor elafin (E) and its precursor, trappin-2 (Tr), have been associated with mucosal resistance to HIV-1 infection. We recently showed that Tr/E are among principal anti-HIV-1 molecules in cervicovaginal lavage (CVL) fluid, that E is ∼130 times more potent than Tr against HIV-1, and that Tr/E inhibited HIV-1 attachment and transcytosis across human genital epithelial cells (ECs). Since herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2) is a major sexually transmitted infection and risk factor for HIV-1 infection and transmission, we assessed Tr/E contribution to defense against HSV-2. Our in vitro studies demonstrated that pretreatment of endometrial (HEC-1A) and endocervical (End1/E6E7) ECs with human Tr-expressing adenovirus (Ad/Tr) or recombinant Tr/E proteins before or after HSV-2 infection resulted in significantly reduced virus titers compared to those of controls. Interestingly, E was ∼7 times more potent against HSV-2 infection than Tr. Conversely, knockdown of endogenous Tr/E by small interfering RNA (siRNA) significantly increased HSV-2 replication in genital ECs. Recombinant Tr and E reduced viral attachment to genital ECs by acting indirectly on cells. Further, lower viral replication was associated with reduced secretion of proinflammatory interleukin 8 (IL-8) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and decreased NF-κB nuclear translocation. Additionally, protected Ad/Tr-treated ECs demonstrated enhanced interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) nuclear translocation and increased antiviral IFN-β in response to HSV-2. Lastly, in vivo studies of intravaginal HSV-2 infection in Tr-transgenic mice (Etg) showed that despite similar virus replication in the genital tract, Etg mice had reduced viral load and TNF-α in the central nervous system compared to controls. Collectively, this is the first experimental evidence highlighting anti-HSV-2 activity of Tr/E in female genital mucosa.
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Jasinghe VJ, Peyrotte EA, Meyers AFA, Gajanayaka N, Ball TB, Sandstrom P, Lavigne C. Human rElafin Inhibits HIV-1 Replication in Its Natural Target Cells. Biores Open Access 2013; 2:128-37. [PMID: 23593565 PMCID: PMC3620473 DOI: 10.1089/biores.2012.0275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Trappin-2/elafin is a novel innate immune factor that belongs to the serine protease inhibitor family and has known antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral properties. In this study, we further investigated the anti-HIV activity of elafin using different cellular models and both X4– and R5–HIV-1 laboratory strains. We compared the antiviral activity of human recombinant elafin (rElafin) with three well-known antiretroviral drugs, AZT, tenofovir, and enfuvirtide. We have found that when the virus is pre-incubated with rElafin prior to the infection of the cells, HIV-1 replication is significantly inhibited. In target T cells and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, maximal inhibition was achieved using submicromolar concentrations, and rElafin was found to be as potent as enfuvirtide, showing its potential for therapeutic application. We also show data on the mechanism of the antiviral activity of rElafin. We have demonstrated that rElafin neither binds to CD4, CXCR4, or CCR5 host cell receptors, nor to the viral glycoproteins gp120 and gp41. Furthermore, in our cell-to-cell fusion assays, in contrast to enfuvirtide, rElafin failed to block cell fusion. Altogether our results indicate that rElafin interferes with HIV replication at the early steps of its cycle but with a different mechanism of action than enfuvirtide. This study provides the first experimental evidence that elafin inhibits HIV replication in its natural target cells; therefore, elafin might have potential for its development as a new anti-HIV drug or microbicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viraj J Jasinghe
- National HIV and Retrovirology Laboratories, National Microbiology Laboratory , Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Canada
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Eliasson M, Olin AI, Malmström JA, Mörgelin M, Bodelsson M, Collin M, Egesten A. Characterization of released polypeptides during an interferon-γ-dependent antibacterial response in airway epithelial cells. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2012; 32:524-33. [PMID: 22909116 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2012.0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
When pathogenic bacteria breach the epithelial lining at mucosal surfaces, rapidly available innate immune mechanisms are critical to halt the infection. In the present study, we characterized the production of antibacterial polypeptides released by epithelial cells. IFN-γ, but neither TNF nor IL-1β alone, induced release of antibacterial activity to a cell culture medium, causing a lytic appearance of killed bacteria as revealed by electron microscopy. Addition of the protein streptococcal inhibitor of complement, derived from Streptococcus pyogenes, known for its ability to neutralize antimicrobial polypeptides (AMPs), reduced the antibacterial activity of the medium. Characterization of the antibacterial incubation medium using mass spectrometric approaches and ELISAs, displayed presence of several classical AMPs, antibacterial chemokines, as well as complement factors and proteases that may interfere with bacterial killing. Many were constitutively produced, that is, being released by cells incubated in a medium alone. While a combination of IFN-γ and TNF did not increase bacterial killing, the presence of TNF boosted the amounts and detectable number of AMPs, including antibacterial chemokines. However, the methods applied in the study failed to single out certain AMPs as critical mediators, but rather demonstrate the broad range of molecules involved. Since many AMPs are highly amphiphatic in nature (i.e., cationic and hydrophobic), it is possible that difficulties in optimizing recovery present limitations in the context investigated. The findings demonstrate that epithelial cells have a constitutive production of AMPs and that IFN-γ is an important inducer of an antibacterial response in which is likely to be a critical part of the innate host defense against pathogenic bacteria at mucosal surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mette Eliasson
- Section for Respiratory Medicine & Allergology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Sweden
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Johannessen M, Sollid JE, Hanssen AM. Host- and microbe determinants that may influence the success of S. aureus colonization. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2012; 2:56. [PMID: 22919647 PMCID: PMC3417514 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2012.00056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2012] [Accepted: 04/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus may cause serious skin and soft tissue infections, deep abscesses, endocarditis, osteomyelitis, pneumonia, and sepsis. S. aureus persistently colonizes 25–30% of the adult human population, and S. aureus carriers have an increased risk for infections caused by the bacterium. The major site of colonization is the nose, i.e., the vestibulum nasi, which is covered with ordinary skin and hair follicles. Several host and microbe determinants are assumed to be associated with colonization. These include the presence and expression level of bacterial adhesins, which can adhere to various proteins in the extracellular matrix or on the cellular surface of human skin. The host expresses several antimicrobial peptides and lipids. The level of β-defensin 3, free sphingosine, and cis-6-hexadecenoic acid are found to be associated with nasal carriage of S. aureus. Other host factors are certain polymorphisms in Toll-like receptor 2, mannose-binding lectin, C-reactive protein, glucocorticoid-, and vitamin D receptor. Additional putative determinants for carriage include genetic variation and expression of microbial surface components recognizing adhesive matrix molecules and their interaction partners, as well as variation among humans in the ability of recognizing and responding appropriately to the bacteria. Moreover, the available microflora may influence the success of S. aureus colonization. In conclusion, colonization is a complex interplay between the bacteria and its host. Several bacterial and host factors are involved, and an increased molecular understanding of these are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Johannessen
- Research Group of Host-Microbe Interaction, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway.
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Drannik AG, Nag K, Yao XD, Henrick BM, Sallenave JM, Rosenthal KL. Trappin-2/elafin modulate innate immune responses of human endometrial epithelial cells to PolyI:C. PLoS One 2012; 7:e35866. [PMID: 22545145 PMCID: PMC3335805 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0035866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2011] [Accepted: 03/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Upon viral recognition, innate and adaptive antiviral immune responses are initiated by genital epithelial cells (ECs) to eradicate or contain viral infection. Such responses, however, are often accompanied by inflammation that contributes to acquisition and progression of sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Hence, interventions/factors enhancing antiviral protection while reducing inflammation may prove beneficial in controlling the spread of STIs. Serine antiprotease trappin-2 (Tr) and its cleaved form, elafin (E), are alarm antimicrobials secreted by multiple cells, including genital epithelia. Methodology and Principal Findings We investigated whether and how each Tr and E (Tr/E) contribute to antiviral defenses against a synthetic mimic of viral dsRNA, polyinosine-polycytidylic acid (polyI∶C) and vesicular stomatitis virus. We show that delivery of a replication-deficient adenovector expressing Tr gene (Ad/Tr) to human endometrial epithelial cells, HEC-1A, resulted in secretion of functional Tr, whereas both Tr/E were detected in response to polyI∶C. Moreover, Tr/E were found to significantly reduce viral replication by either acting directly on virus or through enhancing polyI∶C-driven antiviral protection. The latter was associated with reduced levels of pro-inflammatory factors IL-8, IL-6, TNFα, lowered expression of RIG-I, MDA5 and attenuated NF-κB activation. Interestingly, enhanced polyI∶C-driven antiviral protection of HEC-Ad/Tr cells was partially mediated through IRF3 activation, but not associated with higher induction of IFNβ, suggesting multiple antiviral mechanisms of Tr/E and the involvement of alternative factors or pathways. Conclusions and Significance This is the first evidence of both Tr/E altering viral binding/entry, innate recognition and mounting of antiviral and inflammatory responses in genital ECs that could have significant implications for homeostasis of the female genital tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna G. Drannik
- Department of Pathology & Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kakon Nag
- Department of Pathology & Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xiao-Dan Yao
- Department of Pathology & Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bethany M. Henrick
- Department of Pathology & Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jean-Michel Sallenave
- Unité de Défense Innée et Inflammation, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Unité U874 INSERM, Paris, France
- Université Paris 7-Denis Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Kenneth L. Rosenthal
- Department of Pathology & Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Alam SR, Newby DE, Henriksen PA. Role of the endogenous elastase inhibitor, elafin, in cardiovascular injury. Biochem Pharmacol 2012; 83:695-704. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2011.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2011] [Revised: 11/03/2011] [Accepted: 11/04/2011] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Anti-HIV-1 activity of elafin is more potent than its precursor's, trappin-2, in genital epithelial cells. J Virol 2012; 86:4599-610. [PMID: 22345469 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.06561-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cervicovaginal lavage fluid (CVL) is a natural source of anti-HIV-1 factors; however, molecular characterization of the anti-HIV-1 activity of CVL remains elusive. In this study, we confirmed that CVLs from HIV-1-resistant (HIV-R) compared to HIV-1-susceptible (HIV-S) commercial sex workers (CSWs) contain significantly larger amounts of serine antiprotease trappin-2 (Tr) and its processed form, elafin (E). We assessed anti-HIV-1 activity of CVLs of CSWs and recombinant E and Tr on genital epithelial cells (ECs) that possess (TZM-bl) or lack (HEC-1A) canonical HIV-1 receptors. Our results showed that immunodepletion of 30% of Tr/E from CVL accounted for up to 60% of total anti-HIV-1 activity of CVL. Knockdown of endogenous Tr/E in HEC-1A cells resulted in significantly increased shedding of infectious R5 and X4 HIV-1. Pretreatment of R5, but not X4 HIV-1, with either Tr or E led to inhibition of HIV-1 infection of TZM-bl cells. Interestingly, when either HIV-1 or cells lacking canonical HIV-1 receptors were pretreated with Tr or E, HIV-1 attachment and transcytosis were significantly reduced, and decreased attachment was not associated with altered expression of syndecan-1 or CXCR4. Determination of 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC(50)) of Tr and E anti-HIV-1 activity indicated that E is ∼130 times more potent than its precursor, Tr, despite their equipotent antiprotease activities. This study provides the first experimental evidence that (i) Tr and E are among the principal anti-HIV-1 molecules of CVL; (ii) Tr and E affect cell attachment and transcytosis of HIV-1; (iii) E is more efficient than Tr regarding anti-HIV-1 activity; and (iv) the anti-HIV-1 effect of Tr and E is contextual.
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Moncla BJ, Pryke K, Rohan LC, Yang H. Testing of viscous anti-HIV microbicides using Lactobacillus. J Microbiol Methods 2012; 88:292-6. [PMID: 22226641 PMCID: PMC3271802 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2011.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2011] [Revised: 12/16/2011] [Accepted: 12/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The development of topical microbicides for intravaginal use to prevent HIV infection requires that the drugs and formulated products be nontoxic to the endogenous vaginal Lactobacillus. In 30min exposure tests we found dapivirine, tenofovir and UC781 (reverse transcriptase inhibitor anti-HIV drugs) as pure drugs or formulated as film or gel products were not deleterious to Lactobacillus species; however, PSC-RANTES (a synthetic CCR5 antagonist) killed 2 strains of Lactobacillus jensenii. To demonstrate the toxicity of formulated products a new assay was developed for use with viscous and non-viscous samples that we have termed the Lactobacillus toxicity test. We found that the vortex mixing of vaginal Lactobacillus species can lead to reductions in bacterial viability. Lactobacillus can survive briefly, about 2s, but viability declines with increased vortex mixing. The addition of heat inactivated serum or bovine serum albumin, but not glycerol, prevented the decrease in bacterial viability. Bacillus atrophaeus spores also demonstrated loss of viability upon extended mixing. We observed that many of the excipients used in film formulation and the films themselves also afford protection from the killing during vortex mixing. This method is of relevance for toxicity for cidal activities of viscous products.
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Affiliation(s)
- B J Moncla
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
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War and peace between WAP and HIV: role of SLPI, trappin-2, elafin and ps20 in susceptibility to HIV infection. Biochem Soc Trans 2012; 39:1427-32. [PMID: 21936827 DOI: 10.1042/bst0391427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Despite tremendous advances in our understanding of HIV/AIDS since the first cases were reported 30 years ago, we are still a long way from understanding critical steps of HIV acquisition, pathogenesis and correlates of protection. Our new understanding of the importance of the mucosa as a target for HIV infection, as well as our recent observations showing that altered expression and responses of innate pattern recognition receptors are significantly associated with pathogenesis and resistance to HIV infection, indicate that correlates of immunity to HIV are more likely to be associated with mucosal and innate responses. Most of the heterosexual encounters do not result in productive HIV infection, suggesting that the female genital tract is protected against HIV by innate defence molecules, such as antiproteases, secreted mucosally. The present review highlights the role and significance of the serine protease inhibitors SLPI (secretory leucocyte protease inhibitor), trappin-2, elafin and ps20 (prostate stromal protein 20 kDa) in HIV susceptibility and infection. Interestingly, in contrast with SLPI, trappin-2 and elafin, ps20 has been shown to enhance HIV infectivity. Thus understanding the balance and interaction of these factors in mucosal fluids may significantly influence HIV infection.
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Abstract
SLPI (secretory leucoprotease inhibitor) and elafin represent the archetypal members of the WFDC [WAP (whey acidic protein) four disulfide core] family of proteins, and were originally characterized as protease inhibitors but have since been shown to possess a wider repertoire of activities. These functions include antimicrobial and immunomodulatory properties, suggesting that these proteins may play key roles in the innate immune response, and indicate the potential to develop some of these proteins as novel therapeutics. Susceptibility to host and bacterial protease cleavage may, however, limit the efficacy of recombinant protein therapies in diseases with a high protease burden such as CF (cystic fibrosis) lung disease. To overcome this problem, further refinement of the native proteins will be required to provide effective treatment strategies.
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