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Ølnes ÅS, Teigen M, Laerdahl JK, Leren TP, Strøm TB, Bjune K. Variants in the CETP gene affect levels of HDL cholesterol by reducing the amount, and not the specific lipid transfer activity, of secreted CETP. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0294764. [PMID: 38039300 PMCID: PMC10691695 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) transfers cholesteryl esters in plasma from high density lipoprotein (HDL) to very low density lipoprotein and low density lipoprotein. Loss-of-function variants in the CETP gene cause elevated levels of HDL cholesterol. In this study, we have determined the functional consequences of 24 missense variants in the CETP gene. The 24 missense variants studied were the ones reported in the Human Gene Mutation Database and in the literature to affect HDL cholesterol levels, as well as two novel variants identified at the Unit for Cardiac and Cardiovascular Genetics, Oslo University Hospital in subjects with hyperalphalipoproteinemia. METHODS HEK293 cells were transiently transfected with mutant CETP plasmids. The amounts of CETP protein in lysates and media were determined by Western blot analysis, and the lipid transfer activities of the CETP variants were determined by a fluorescence-based assay. RESULTS Four of the CETP variants were not secreted. Five of the variants were secreted less than 15% compared to the WT-CETP, while the other 15 variants were secreted in varying amounts. There was a linear relationship between the levels of secreted protein and the lipid transfer activities (r = 0.96, p<0.001). Thus, the secreted variants had similar specific lipid transfer activities. CONCLUSION The effect of the 24 missense variants in the CETP gene on the lipid transfer activity was mediated predominantly by their impact on the secretion of the CETP protein. The four variants that prevented CETP secretion cause autosomal dominant hyperalphalipoproteinemia. The five variants that markedly reduced secretion of the respective variants cause mild hyperalphalipoproteinemia. The majority of the remaining 15 variants had minor effects on the secretion of CETP, and are considered neutral genetic variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Åsa Schawlann Ølnes
- Unit for Cardiac and Cardiovascular Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marianne Teigen
- Unit for Cardiac and Cardiovascular Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jon K. Laerdahl
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Informatics, ELIXIR Norway, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Trond P. Leren
- Unit for Cardiac and Cardiovascular Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Thea Bismo Strøm
- Unit for Cardiac and Cardiovascular Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Katrine Bjune
- Unit for Cardiac and Cardiovascular Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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2
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Legault MA, Barhdadi A, Gamache I, Lemaçon A, Lemieux Perreault LP, Grenier JC, Sylvestre MP, Hussin JG, Rhainds D, Tardif JC, Dubé MP. Study of effect modifiers of genetically predicted CETP reduction. Genet Epidemiol 2023; 47:198-212. [PMID: 36701426 DOI: 10.1002/gepi.22514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Genetic variants in drug targets can be used to predict the long-term, on-target effect of drugs. Here, we extend this principle to assess how sex and body mass index may modify the effect of genetically predicted lower CETP levels on biomarkers and cardiovascular outcomes. We found sex and body mass index (BMI) to be modifiers of the association between genetically predicted lower CETP and lipid biomarkers in UK Biobank participants. Female sex and lower BMI were associated with higher high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and lower low-density lipoprotein cholesterol for the same genetically predicted reduction in CETP concentration. We found that sex also modulated the effect of genetically lower CETP on cholesterol efflux capacity in samples from the Montreal Heart Institute Biobank. However, these modifying effects did not extend to sex differences in cardiovascular outcomes in our data. Our results provide insight into the clinical effects of CETP inhibitors in the presence of effect modification based on genetic data. The approach can support precision medicine applications and help assess the external validity of clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc-André Legault
- Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Université de Montréal Beaulieu-Saucier Pharmacogenomics Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Amina Barhdadi
- Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Université de Montréal Beaulieu-Saucier Pharmacogenomics Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Isabel Gamache
- Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Audrey Lemaçon
- Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Université de Montréal Beaulieu-Saucier Pharmacogenomics Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Louis-Philippe Lemieux Perreault
- Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Université de Montréal Beaulieu-Saucier Pharmacogenomics Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Marie-Pierre Sylvestre
- Research Centre of the University of Montreal Hospital Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Julie G Hussin
- Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Jean-Claude Tardif
- Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marie-Pierre Dubé
- Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Université de Montréal Beaulieu-Saucier Pharmacogenomics Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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3
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Sex-related differences in single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with dyslipidemia in a Korean population. Lipids Health Dis 2022; 21:124. [PMID: 36419087 PMCID: PMC9685854 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-022-01736-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of dyslipidemia has increased steadily in Korea, and the incidence of dyslipidemia differs by sex. In this study, we identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) related to dyslipidemia in Korean cohorts through genome-wide association study (GWAS) analysis. METHODS Genotyping was conducted to determine the genotypes of 72,298 participants and investigate genotypes for 7,079,946 SNPs. Sex, age, and BMI were set as covariates for GWAS, and significant SNPs were identified in the discovery and replication stages using logistic regression. RESULTS GWAS of the entire cohort revealed a total of five significant SNPs: rs117026536 (LPL), rs651821 (APOA5), rs9804646 (APOA5), rs9926440 (CETP), and rs429358 (APOE). GWAS of the male subjects revealed a total of four significant SNPs. While rs9804646 (APOA5) and rs429358 (APOE) were significant for all the subjects, rs662799 (APOA5) and rs56156922 (CETP) were significant only for the male subjects. GWAS of the female subjects revealed two significant SNPs, rs651821 (APOA5) and rs9804646 (APOA5), both of which were significant in all the subjects. CONCLUSION This is the first study to identify sex-related differences in genetic polymorphisms in Korean populations with dyslipidemia. Further studies considering environmental variables will be needed to elucidate these sex-related genetic differences in dyslipidemia.
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4
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Srisawasdi P, Rodcharoen P, Vanavanan S, Chittamma A, Sukasem C, Na Nakorn C, Dejthevaporn C, Kroll MH. Association of CETP Gene Variants with Atherogenic Dyslipidemia Among Thai Patients Treated with Statin. PHARMACOGENOMICS & PERSONALIZED MEDICINE 2021; 14:1-13. [PMID: 33447072 PMCID: PMC7802592 DOI: 10.2147/pgpm.s278671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Objective Patients treated with statins for dyslipidemia may still have a residual risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). To determine whether genetic variants in the cholesteryl ester transport protein (CETP), rs3764261 (C>A), rs708272 (G>A), and rs12149545 (G>A) affect ASCVD risk, we studied the association of these variants with dyslipidemia in statin-treated patients. Patients and Methods We included 299 adult Thai patients treated with a statin (95 men and 204 women). Genotyping was performed by conducting a TaqMan real-time polymerase chain reaction-based analysis. We used logistic regression models adjusted for potential confounders of age, body mass index, blood pressure, insulin resistance, and statin dosage to analyze the association between CETP variants and atherogenic lipoprotein patterns. Results CETP polymorphisms of rs3764261 and rs708272, but not rs12149545, were significantly associated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), apoA-I, triglycerides, very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL)-C, and large LDL (LDL1-C) levels as well as mean LDL particle size (all p < 0.020). However, no significant difference was observed in total cholesterol, LDL-C, or apoB levels by CETP variants. Regardless of sex, the combination of rs3764261 (CC genotype) and rs708272 (GG or GA genotypes) showed a stronger association with atherogenic dyslipidemia, including features of decreased HDL-C, elevated triglycerides, and LDL subclass pattern B (odds ratio [OR] = 2.99, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.78–5.02) compared with the single variant rs3764261 (OR = 2.11, 95% CI: 1.27–3.50) or rs708272 (OR = 2.12, 95% CI: 1.29–3.49). Conclusion The polymorphisms of CETP rs3764261 (CC genotype) and rs708272 (GG and GA genotypes) may have a higher susceptibility to atherogenic dyslipidemia. Testing for CETP rs3764261 and rs708272 may serve as a surrogate marker for lipid management in statin-treated patients, which may help individualize treatment for reducing the residual risk of ASCVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pornpen Srisawasdi
- Division of Clinical Chemistry, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Punyanuch Rodcharoen
- Division of Clinical Chemistry, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Somlak Vanavanan
- Division of Clinical Chemistry, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Anchalee Chittamma
- Division of Clinical Chemistry, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chonlaphat Sukasem
- Division of Pharmacogenomics and Personalized Medicine, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chalitpon Na Nakorn
- Division of Pharmacogenomics and Personalized Medicine, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Charungthai Dejthevaporn
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Martin H Kroll
- Quest Diagnostics, Secaucus, NJ 07094, United States of America
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5
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Cohen-Manheim I, Sinnreich R, Doniger GM, Simon ES, Pinchas-Mizrachi R, Kark JD. Fasting plasma glucose in young adults free of diabetes is associated with cognitive function in midlife. Eur J Public Health 2019; 28:496-503. [PMID: 29140417 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckx194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Evidence for an association of fasting plasma glucose (FPG) with cognitive function in adults free of diabetes is scarce and based on middle-aged and older adults. We examined the association of FPG, measured at age 30, and of change in FPG from age 30 to 43, with cognitive function at age 50. Methods 505 nondiabetic participants of the population-based Jerusalem Lipid Research Clinic (LRC) cohort study had baseline FPG, 2-h post-oral challenge plasma glucose (OGTT) and insulin determined at ages 28-32, and FPG and OGTT again at ages 41-46. Subsequently at ages 48-52, global cognitive function and its five specific component domains were assessed with a NeuroTrax computerized test battery, using multiple linear regression and multivariable logistic models. Results Hyperglycemia (FPG ≥ 5.6 mmol/l vs. <5.6 mmol/l) at baseline was associated with poorer global cognitive function in midlife (predominantly in the visual spatial and attention domains), independent of socio-demographic characteristics, life style variables, body mass index (BMI), and inflammatory and biochemical variables (standardized Beta = -0.121, P = 0.002, plinear trend(FPG continuous) =0.016). Similarly, increased odds for low-ranked (lowest fifth) global cognition was evident (ORper mmol/l FPG=2.31, 95% CI = 1.30-4.13, P = 0.005). Baseline OGTT, insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and change in FPG and OGTT over 13 years were not associated with cognition. Conclusion A higher FPG in young adults was associated with lower cognitive performance in midlife. Although we cannot dismiss the possibility of reverse causation, hyperglycemia at a young age may be a modifiable risk factor for low-ranked cognitive function in midlife.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irit Cohen-Manheim
- Epidemiology Unit, Hebrew University-Hadassah Braun School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Ein Kerem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ronit Sinnreich
- Epidemiology Unit, Hebrew University-Hadassah Braun School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Ein Kerem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Glen M Doniger
- Department of Clinical Research, NeuroTrax Corporation, Modiin, Israel.,Center for Medical Decision Making, Ono Academic College, Kiryat Ono, Israel
| | - Ely S Simon
- Department of Clinical Research, NeuroTrax Corporation, Modiin, Israel.,Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Ronit Pinchas-Mizrachi
- Epidemiology Unit, Hebrew University-Hadassah Braun School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Ein Kerem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Jeremy D Kark
- Epidemiology Unit, Hebrew University-Hadassah Braun School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Ein Kerem, Jerusalem, Israel
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6
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Cai G, Shi G, Huang Z. Gender specific effect of CETP rs708272 polymorphism on lipid and atherogenic index of plasma levels but not on the risk of coronary artery disease: A case-control study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e13514. [PMID: 30544452 PMCID: PMC6310534 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000013514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have shown a relationship between cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) polymorphism in the synthesis of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and the coronary artery disease (CAD) susceptibility, but the results have remained inconsistent. In addition, there was no study exploring the relationship between CETP polymorphisms and atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) levels.We conducted a case-control study to evaluate the relationship between CETP rs708272 polymorphism and CAD risk and lipid levels in Chinese Han population. 556 CAD patients and 414 controls undergoing coronary angiography were consecutively enrolled in the hospital-based study. Polymerase chain reaction-ligase detection reaction (PCR-LDR) method was used to detect the different genotypes at rs708272.No significant association between CETP rs708272 polymorphism and CAD risk was observed in different genetic models. In the whole population, participants with TT genotype had higher HDL-C levels (1.17 ± 0.31 mmol/L vs 1.09 ± 0.29 mmol/L, P = .001) and lower AIP levels (0.08 ± 0.35 vs 0.16 ± 0.31, P = .004) compared to those with CC genotype, after adjusting for age, gender, smoking, essential hypertension (EH), and DM. The T allele carriers had higher HDL-C levels than the T allele non-carriers (1.13 ± 0.29 mmol/L vs 1.09 ± 0.29 mmol/L, P = .023). Furthermore, subgroup analyses based on gender were carried out. In males, the results showed that participants with TT genotype had significant higher HDL-C levels and lower AIP levels compared with CC genotype (P <.05). In addition, males with CT+TT genotypes had higher HDL-C levels and lower AIP levels than those with CC genotypes (HDL-C: CT+TT 1.11 ± 0.31vs CC 1.06 ± 0.30 mmol/L, P = .041; AIP: CT+TT 0.12 ± 0.32vs CC 0.16 ± 0.31, P = .034, respectively). However, there were no significant associations between lipid levels and CETP rs708272 polymorphism in females, after adjusting for confounders.CETP rs708272 polymorphism has a gender-specific effect on lipid and AIP levels but not on the risk of CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaojun Cai
- Department of Cardiology, Wujin Hospital affiliated with Jiangsu University
| | - Ganwei Shi
- Department of Cardiology, Wujin Hospital affiliated with Jiangsu University
| | - Zhiying Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, No. 2 Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
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7
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Iwanicka J, Iwanicki T, Niemiec P, Balcerzyk A, Krauze J, Górczyńska-Kosiorz S, Ochalska-Tyka A, Grzeszczak W, Żak I. Relationship between CETP gene polymorphisms with coronary artery disease in Polish population. Mol Biol Rep 2018; 45:1929-1935. [PMID: 30178218 PMCID: PMC6267260 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-018-4342-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) gene encodes a hydrophobic glycoprotein that plays a crucial role in the reverse transport of cholesterol. The aim of the present study was to determine whether CETP polymorphisms (rs1532624, rs247616 and rs708272) are associated with coronary artery disease (CAD) in a Polish population. Serum lipid levels and single nucleotide polymorphisms of CETP genes were determined in 494 subjects: 248 patients with premature CAD and 246 blood donors as controls. Selected polymorphisms were examined using TaqMan PCR analysis. We found that CAD risk was significantly higher for CC homozygotes and C allele carriers of the rs247616 polymorphism than for carriers with the T allele (OR 1.89, 95% CI 1.29–2.76, p = 0.001 and OR 1.51, 95% CI 1.14–1.99, p = 0.003) and likewise for the CC genotype of the rs1532624 polymorphism than for those with the A allele (OR 1.59, 95% CI 1.05–2.40, p = 0.026). Moreover, T allele carriers of the rs708272 polymorphism had significantly higher total cholesterol levels compared to CC homozygotes (p < 0.05) in the healthy controls. We also observed an allelic pattern, C(rs2477616)C(rs708272)C(rs1532624), which increased susceptibility to CAD by 43% (OR = 1.43, 95% CI 1.10–1.85, p = 0.006). In conclusion, the rs247616 and rs1532624 polymorphisms of CETP may modulate the risk of CAD in Polish population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Iwanicka
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, School of Health Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Medyków Street 18, 40-752, Katowice, Poland.
| | - Tomasz Iwanicki
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, School of Health Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Medyków Street 18, 40-752, Katowice, Poland
| | - Paweł Niemiec
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, School of Health Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Medyków Street 18, 40-752, Katowice, Poland
| | - Anna Balcerzyk
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, School of Health Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Medyków Street 18, 40-752, Katowice, Poland
| | - Jolanta Krauze
- 1st Department of Cardiac Surgery/2nd Department of Cardiology, American Heart of Poland, S. A. Armii Krajowej Street 101, 43-316, Bielsko-Biala, Poland
| | - Sylwia Górczyńska-Kosiorz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetes and Nephrology, School of Medicine and Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 3 Maja Street 13-15, 41-800, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Anna Ochalska-Tyka
- Regional Centre of Blood Donation and Blood Treatment in Raciborz, Sienkiewicza Street 3, 47-400, Raciborz, Poland
| | - Władysław Grzeszczak
- Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetes and Nephrology, School of Medicine and Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 3 Maja Street 13-15, 41-800, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Iwona Żak
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, School of Health Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Medyków Street 18, 40-752, Katowice, Poland
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8
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Cohen-Manheim I, Doniger GM, Sinnreich R, Simon ES, Murad H, Pinchas-Mizrachi R, Kark JD. Body Mass Index, Height and Socioeconomic Position in Adolescence, Their Trajectories into Adulthood, and Cognitive Function in Midlife. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 55:1207-1221. [PMID: 27814299 DOI: 10.3233/jad-160843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whether life course anthropometric indices relate to cognitive function in midlife remains insufficiently explored. Rarely was socioeconomic position (SEP) adequately accounted for. OBJECTIVE To examine the association of the cumulative life course burden of high-ranked body mass index (BMI), its trajectory, and stature with cognitive function in midlife. METHODS Weight and height were measured from age 17 across a 33-year follow-up. 507 individuals completed a NeuroTrax computerized cognitive assessment at ages 48-52. Life course SEP was assessed by multiple methods. Using mixed models we calculated the area under the curve (AUC), representing both the life-course burden of BMI (total AUC) and trends in BMI (incremental AUC) from age 17 to midlife. The associations of BMI and height with global cognition and its five component domains were assessed by multiple regression. RESULTS Higher BMI in late adolescence and total AUC over the life course were associated with poorer global cognition (Standardized beta (Beta) = -0.111, p = 0.005 and Beta = -0.105, p = 0.018, respectively), adjusted for childhood and adulthood SEP, and demographic characteristics. The associations with higher adolescent and midlife BMI were both restricted to those with low childhood SEP (p < 0.05 for interaction). Short adolescent stature was related to poorer cognition (Beta = 0.115, p = 0.040), whereas late final growth in women was associated with better cognition (Beta = 0.213, p = 0.007). CONCLUSION An adverse association of higher BMI with cognitive function began in adolescence and was restricted to low childhood SEP. Taller stature in both sexes and late growth in women were associated with better midlife cognitive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irit Cohen-Manheim
- Hebrew University-Hadassah Braun School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Ein Kerem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Glen M Doniger
- Department of Clinical Research, NeuroTrax Corporation, Modiin, Israel.,Centre for Medical Decision Making, Ono Academic College, Kiryat Ono, Israel
| | - Ronit Sinnreich
- Hebrew University-Hadassah Braun School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Ein Kerem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ely S Simon
- Department of Clinical Research, NeuroTrax Corporation, Modiin, Israel.,Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Havi Murad
- Biostatistics Unit, Gertner Institute for Epidemiology and Health Policy Research, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Ronit Pinchas-Mizrachi
- Hebrew University-Hadassah Braun School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Ein Kerem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Jeremy D Kark
- Hebrew University-Hadassah Braun School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Ein Kerem, Jerusalem, Israel
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9
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Niu S, Tao X, Li J, Liu Y, Wang J, Cong M, Zhang K, Zhou W, Qiu C. Association of the CETP gene TaqIB and D442G polymorphisms with essential hypertension in the Chinese Mongolian population. Turk J Med Sci 2017; 47:599-606. [PMID: 28425253 DOI: 10.3906/sag-1510-92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM This study aimed to explore the associations of the cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) gene TaqIB and D442G polymorphisms with essential hypertension (EH). MATERIALS AND METHODS In this case-control study, 883 hypertensive patients and 1044 normal controls were randomly selected from the Mongolian population of China. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and direct sequencing of PCR products were used to identify the genotypes. Haplotype analysis was performed by estimating the haplotype frequencies using the online SHEsis package. RESULTS The distribution frequency of the B2-G haplotype was significantly lower in the EH group than in the control group (0.7% vs. 1.9%, P = 0.001, OR = 0.359 [0.188-0.689]). Subjects with the B2B2 genotype showed significantly lower levels of total cholesterol (TC) (P < 0.05). When subgrouped by sex, male subjects with the B2B2 genotype showed significantly increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and decreased TC levels (P < 0.05), and those with the B2 allele showed significantly lower triglyceride levels as compared to the subjects with the B1B1 homozygote (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION TaqIB and D442G polymorphisms of the CETP gene did not independently affect the risk of developing EH in the Chinese Mongolian population, while the B2-G haplotype obviously decreased the susceptibility to EH. The B2 allele could alter the blood lipid level and reduce the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shudong Niu
- Basic Medical Science College, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoming Tao
- National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Jingping Li
- Basic Medical Science College, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, P.R. China
| | - Yongyue Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, Tongliao Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Tongliao,Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, P.R. China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, Tongliao Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Tongliao,Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, P.R. China
| | - Mingyu Cong
- Basic Medical Science College, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, P.R. China
| | - Keyong Zhang
- Basic Medical Science College, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, P.R. China
| | - Wenyu Zhou
- National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Changchun Qiu
- National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China.,Basic Medical Science College, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, P.R. China
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10
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Kanca D, Gormus U, Tokat B, Eronat AP, Bugra Z, Ozturk O, Yilmaz-Aydogan H. Additive Antiatherogenic Effects of CETP rs708272 on Serum LDL Subfraction Levels in Patients with CHD Under Statin Therapy. Biochem Genet 2016; 55:168-182. [PMID: 27900488 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-016-9782-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Recently, subfraction analysis of serum low density lipoprotein (LDL) is considered to be a better predictor of the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) compared to the other lipid parameters. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of the HDL-associated Taq1B (rs708272) SNP of cholesterol ester transfer protein (CETP) gene on serum LDL subfractions in patients with CHD. Serum lipid levels were measured enzymatically and LDL subfraction analysis was carried out by the Lipoprint System (Quantimetrix, CA, USA). The CETP rs708272 SNP was studied in 66 healthy controls and 79 patients with CHD receiving statin therapy by the PCR-RFLP technique. The CHD patients had elevated antiatherogenic LDL-1 subfraction (p = 0.042), decreased atherogenic IDL-C subfraction (p = 0.023), and total IDL (p = 0.030) levels compared to the healthy controls. The CETP rs708272 Taq1B minor B2 allele was associated with increased levels of antiatherogenic LDL-1 (B2: 0.40 ± 0.20 vs. B1B1: 0.25 ± 0.08, p = 0.004) and large-LDL (LDL 1-2) subfractions in the CHD group (B2 allele: 0.68 ± 0.41 vs. B1B1: 0.42 ± 0.20; p < 0.05), while it was associated with reduced levels of the large-LDL subfraction in healthy subjects (B2 allele: 0.29 ± 0.14 vs. B1B1: 0.54 ± 0.24; p = 0.017). However, there was no statistically significant association between the CETP rs708272 SNP and small dense LDL subfraction (LDL 3-7) and lipoprotein levels (p > 0.05). Our findings have indicated that the CETP rs708272 SNP together with statin therapy may show a favorable effect on antiatherogenic LDL-1 and large-LDL subfractions in CHD patients with an atherogenic effect on large-LDL subfraction in healthy subjects. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the effects of the CETP variation on LDL subfraction could change in cardiometabolic events such as CHD and statin therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Kanca
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute for Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Vakif Gureba c., Capa, 34093, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Uzay Gormus
- Department of Biochemistry, Istanbul Bilim University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bengu Tokat
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute for Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Vakif Gureba c., Capa, 34093, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Allison P Eronat
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute for Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Vakif Gureba c., Capa, 34093, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Zehra Bugra
- Department of Cardiology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Oğuz Ozturk
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute for Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Vakif Gureba c., Capa, 34093, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hulya Yilmaz-Aydogan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute for Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Vakif Gureba c., Capa, 34093, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Cohen-Manheim I, Pinchas-Mizrachi R, Doniger GM, Simon ES, Sinnreich R, Kark JD. Measures of carotid atherosclerosis and cognitive function in midlife: The Jerusalem LRC longitudinal study. INTELLIGENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intell.2016.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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12
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Cohen-Manheim I, Doniger GM, Sinnreich R, Simon ES, Pinchas-Mizrachi R, Otvos JD, Kark JD. Increase in the Inflammatory Marker GlycA over 13 Years in Young Adults Is Associated with Poorer Cognitive Function in Midlife. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0138036. [PMID: 26406330 PMCID: PMC4583455 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Inflammatory markers are elevated in patients with dementia. Evidence for an association between inflammation and cognitive function in dementia-free individuals is sparse, inconsistent, and predominantly restricted to the elderly. Assessment of inflammatory markers in young adults as predictors of cognitive function in midlife, well before the onset of overt dementia, is lacking. Furthermore, rarely has the relation with longitudinal change in inflammatory markers been examined. Objective To examine the association of the inflammatory markers C-reactive protein (CRP), fibrinogen, white blood cell count (WBC) and GlycA, a novel NMR-determined biomarker of systemic inflammation, measured in young adulthood and of GlycA change over 13 years follow-up with cognitive function in midlife. Methods 507 participants of the Jerusalem Lipid Research Clinic (LRC) study were assessed at 3 time points over 18–22 years. First, the inflammatory variables GlycA, CRP, fibrinogen, and WBC were measured in blood samples drawn at ages 28–32. Then, in blood samples drawn a mean 13 years later (range, 12–16 years) at ages 41–46, GlycA was again measured (in 484 individuals). Subsequently at ages 48–52, on average 7 years later, global cognitive function and its five specific component domains were assessed with a NeuroTrax computerized test battery. Multiple regression and multivariable logistic models were applied. Results Inverse unadjusted associations were shown for baseline levels and longitudinal change in inflammatory markers and measures of cognition. Multiple regression models were adjusted for age at cognitive assessment, sex, socio-demographic characteristics, baseline measures of leisure-time vigorous activity, smoking status and body mass index (BMI) at ages 28–32, change in smoking status and BMI between ages 28–32 and 41–46, and depression assessed at the time of cognitive testing. The highest quintile of GlycA change, but not the baseline inflammation measures, was inversely related to global cognition (standardized β = -.109, p = .011) as well as to the information processing speed and memory domains (standardized β = -.124, p = .008 and-.117, p = .014, respectively). The multivariable-adjusted odds ratio for low ranked global cognitive function (lowest fifth) comparing the extreme quintiles of GlycA change was 4.8 (95%CI, 1.7–13.5, p = .003; p for trend = .031). Conclusions In this longitudinal study of a novel systemic inflammatory marker in a population-based cohort of young adults, GlycA increase over 13 years, but not baseline measures of inflammation, was associated with poorer cognitive function in midlife.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irit Cohen-Manheim
- Hebrew University-Hadassah Braun School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Ein Kerem, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel
| | - Glen M. Doniger
- Department of Clinical Research, NeuroTrax Corporation, Modiin, 71711, Israel
- Center for Medical Decision Making, Ono Academic College, Kiryat Ono, 55000, Israel
| | - Ronit Sinnreich
- Hebrew University-Hadassah Braun School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Ein Kerem, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel
| | - Ely S. Simon
- Department of Clinical Research, NeuroTrax Corporation, Modiin, 71711, Israel
- Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, the Bronx, New York City, New York, 10461, United States of America
| | - Ronit Pinchas-Mizrachi
- Hebrew University-Hadassah Braun School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Ein Kerem, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel
| | - James D. Otvos
- LabCorp, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27616, United States of America
| | - Jeremy D. Kark
- Hebrew University-Hadassah Braun School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Ein Kerem, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel
- * E-mail:
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Kaman D, İlhan N, İlhan N, Akbulut M. TaqIB and severity of coronary artery disease in the Turkish population: a pilot study. Bosn J Basic Med Sci 2015; 15:9-13. [PMID: 25725138 DOI: 10.17305/bjbms.2015.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Revised: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) plays a crucial role in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) metabolism. Genetic variants that alter CETP concentration may cause significant alterations in HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) concentration. In this case-control study, we analyzed the genotype frequencies of CETP Taq1B polymorphisms in coronary artery disease patients (CAD; n=210) and controls (n=100). We analyzed the role of the CETP Taq1B variant in severity of CAD, and its association with plasma lipids and CETP concentration. DNA was extracted from 310 patients undergoing coronary angiography. The Taq1B polymorphism was genotyped using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis. Lipid concentrations were measured by an auto analyzer and CETP level by a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. In our study population, the B2 allele frequency was higher in control subjects than patients with single, double or triple vessel disease. B2B2 genotype carriers had a significantly higher high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) concentration than those with the B1B1 genotype in controls (51.93±9.47versus 45.34±9.93; p<0.05) and in CAD patients (45.52±10.81 versus 40.38±9.12; p<0.05). B2B2 genotype carriers had a significantly lower CETP concentration than those with the B1B1 genotype in controls (1.39±0.58 versus 1.88±0.83; p< 0.05) and in CAD patients (2.04±1.39versus 2.81±1.68; p< 0.05). Our data suggest that the B2 allele is associated with higher concentrations of HDL-C and lower concentrations of CETP, which confer a protective effect on coronary artery disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilara Kaman
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Firat University, Elazig.
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Pac-Kożuchowska E, Krawiec P. Cholesterol ester transfer protein (CETP) gene polymorphism and selected parameters of lipid metabolism in children from families with history of cardiovascular system diseases. Med Sci Monit 2013; 19:818-25. [PMID: 24091356 PMCID: PMC3795015 DOI: 10.12659/msm.889550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children from families with a history of cardiovascular system diseases are especially predisposed to early development of atherosclerosis. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the selected lipid parameters and polymorphisms of G279A located in the cholesterol ester transfer protein (CETP) gene. MATERIAL/METHODS This longitudinal study was performed in 3 stages. During stage I the tests were carried out on 137 newborns after birth. Of these, we selected 30 children with a family history of cardiovascular system diseases. During stage II of the study the same children were evaluated at the age of 18-30 months, and during stage III at the age 5-6 years. Gestational age and the birth weight were evaluated in newborns. The older children were examined physically, and nutritional status was assessed. In all of the children examined, we determined the blood concentrations of triglycerides, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, apolipoproteins (AI and B), lipoprotein(a) and polymorphisms, and the G279A locus of the CETP gene. RESULTS In children with genotype B1B1 (after birth and aged 5-6 years), a significantly lower cholesterol concentration in the HDL fraction was found compared to those with genotype B1B2 and B2B2. Other biochemical parameters of lipid metabolism were not significantly different between these genetic polymorphisms. CONCLUSIONS A lower cholesterol concentration in the HDL fraction in children with a family history of cardiovascular system diseases was determined by polymorphism of the CETP gene. Homozygotes (genotype B1B1) show a tendency towards the phenotype favoring the development of atherosclerosis.
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Leusink M, Onland-Moret NC, Asselbergs FW, Ding B, Kotti S, van Zuydam NR, Papp AC, Danchin N, Donnelly L, Morris AD, Chasman DI, Doevendans PAFM, Klungel OH, Ridker PM, van Gilst WH, Simon T, Nyberg F, Palmer CNA, Sadee W, van der Harst P, de Bakker PIW, de Boer A, Verstuyft C, Maitland-van der Zee AH. Cholesteryl ester transfer protein polymorphisms, statin use, and their impact on cholesterol levels and cardiovascular events. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2013; 95:314-20. [PMID: 24080640 DOI: 10.1038/clpt.2013.194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The association of nonfunctional variants of the cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) with efficacy of statins has been a subject of debate. We evaluated whether three functional CETP variants influence statin efficacy. The effect of CETP genotype on achieved levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLc), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLc), and total cholesterol during statin treatment was estimated by meta-analysis of the linear regression outcomes of three studies (11,021 individuals). The effect of these single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on statin response in protecting against myocardial infarction (MI) was estimated by meta-analysis of statin × SNP interaction terms from logistic regression in five studies (16,570 individuals). The enhancer SNP rs3764261 significantly increased HDLc by 0.02 mmol/l per T allele (P = 6 × 10(-5)) and reduced protection against MI by statins (interaction odds ratio (OR) = 1.19 per T allele; P = 0.04). Focusing on functional CETP variants, we showed that in carriers of the rs3764261 T variant, HDLc increased more during statin treatment, and protection against MI by statins appeared to be reduced as compared with those in noncarriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Leusink
- 1] Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands [2] Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - N C Onland-Moret
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - F W Asselbergs
- Department of Cardiology, Division Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - B Ding
- Global Epidemiology, AstraZeneca R&D, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - S Kotti
- Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Hopital St. Antoine, URC-EST, Paris, France
| | - N R van Zuydam
- Centre for Pharmacogenomics, Medical Research Institute, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - A C Papp
- Program in Pharmacogenomics, Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - N Danchin
- 1] Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Hopital Europeen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France [2] Universite Paris-Descartes, Paris, France
| | - L Donnelly
- Centre for Pharmacogenomics, Medical Research Institute, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - A D Morris
- Centre for Pharmacogenomics, Medical Research Institute, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - D I Chasman
- 1] Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA [2] Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - P A F M Doevendans
- Department of Cardiology, Division Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - O H Klungel
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - P M Ridker
- 1] Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA [2] Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - W H van Gilst
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - T Simon
- 1] Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Hopital St. Antoine, URC-EST, Paris, France [2] Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Universite Pierre et Marie Curie (Paris 6), Paris, France
| | - F Nyberg
- 1] Global Epidemiology, AstraZeneca R&D, Mölndal, Sweden [2] Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - C N A Palmer
- Centre for Pharmacogenomics, Medical Research Institute, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - W Sadee
- Program in Pharmacogenomics, Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - P van der Harst
- 1] Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands [2] Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - P I W de Bakker
- 1] Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands [2] Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA [3] Department of Medical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - A de Boer
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - C Verstuyft
- 1] Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Hopital Bicetre, Service de Genetique Moleculaire, Pharmacogenetique et Hormonologie, Le Kremlin Bicetre, France [2] Universite Paris-Sud, Le Kremlin-Bicetre, France
| | - A H Maitland-van der Zee
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Pan SL, Wang F, Lu ZP, Liu CW, Hu CY, Luo H, Peng JH, Luo XQ, Pang GF, Lu SH, Wu HY, Huang LJ, Yin RX. Cholesteryl ester transfer protein TaqIB polymorphism and its association with serum lipid levels and longevity in Chinese Bama Zhuang population. Lipids Health Dis 2012; 11:26. [PMID: 22336474 PMCID: PMC3298723 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-11-26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2012] [Accepted: 02/15/2012] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND TaqIB polymorphism in the cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) gene has been reported to be associated with serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels and longevity in several populations, but controversial results also arose probably due to racial/ethnic diversity. Bama is a remote and mountainous county located in the northwest of Guangxi, People's Republic of China, which has been well known for its longevity for centuries. The current study was to investigate the possible association of CETP TaqIB polymorphism with serum lipid levels and longevity in the Bama Zhuang population. METHODS The CETP TaqIB genotypes were determined by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism in 523 long-lived inhabitants (long-lived group, LG; aged 90-107 years) and 498 healthy controls without longevity family history (non-long-lived group, non-LG; aged 40-69 years) residing in Bama County. RESULTS The levels of total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were higher but TG, HDL-C/LDL-C ratio and the prevalence of dyslipidemia were lower in LG than in non-LG (P < 0.001 for all). There were no differences in the allelic and genotypic frequencies between the two groups (P > 0.05). Serum HDL-C levels and HDL-C/LDL-C ratio in LG were different among the genotypes (P < 0.01 for each), the subjects with B2B2 and B1B2 genotyes had higher HDL-C levels and HDL-C/LDL-C ratio than the subjects with B1B1genotye, whereas the levels of TC and HDL-C in non-LG were different among/between the genotypes (P < 0.01 for each), the B2 allele carriers had lower TC and higher HDL-C levels than the B2 allele noncarriers. Serum TG and HDL-C levels and HDL-C/LDL-C ratio were correlated with genotypes in LG, whereas serum TC and HDL-C levels were associated with genotypes in non-LG (P < 0.05-0.001). CONCLUSIONS The association of CETP TaqIB polymorphism and serum lipid profiles is different between LG and non-LG in the Chinese Bama Zhuang population. CETP TaqIB polymorphism might be one of the longevity-related genetic factors in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang-Ling Pan
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Premedical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Premedical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Ze-Ping Lu
- Department of Neurology, Jiangbin Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 85 Hedi Road, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Wu Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Premedical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Cai-You Hu
- Department of Neurology, Jiangbin Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 85 Hedi Road, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Huan Luo
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Premedical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Hua Peng
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Premedical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Qiu Luo
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Premedical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Guo-Fang Pang
- Department of Neurology, Jiangbin Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 85 Hedi Road, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Shao-Hua Lu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Premedical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua-Yu Wu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Premedical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling-Jin Huang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Premedical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui-Xing Yin
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
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Kark JD, Goldberger N, Kimura M, Sinnreich R, Aviv A. Energy intake and leukocyte telomere length in young adults. Am J Clin Nutr 2012; 95:479-87. [PMID: 22237065 PMCID: PMC3260074 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.111.024521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary energy restriction in mammals, particularly at a young age, extends the life span. Leukocyte telomere length (LTL) is thought to be a bioindicator of aging in humans. High n-6 (omega-6) PUFA intake may accelerate LTL attrition. OBJECTIVE We determined whether lower energy and higher PUFA intakes in young adulthood are associated with shorter LTL in cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses. DESIGN In a longitudinal observational study (405 men, 204 women), diet was determined at baseline by a semiquantitative food-frequency questionnaire, and LTL was determined by Southern blots at mean ages of 30.1 y (baseline) and 43.2 y (follow-up). Spearman correlations and multivariable linear regression were used. RESULTS Baseline energy intake was inversely associated with follow-up LTL in men (standardized β = -0.171, P = 0.0005) but not in women (P = 0.039 for sex interaction). The difference in men between the highest and lowest quintiles of energy was 244 base pairs (bp) (95% CI: 59, 429 bp) and between extreme quintiles of LTL was 440 kcal (95% CI: 180, 700 kcal). Multivariable adjustment modestly attenuated the association (β = -0.157, P = 0.002). Inverse associations, which were noted for all macronutrients, were strongest for the unsaturated fatty acids. In multivariable models including energy and the macronutrients (as percentage of energy), the significant inverse energy-LTL association (but not the PUFA-LTL association) persisted. The energy-LTL association was restricted to never smokers (standardized β = -0.259, P = 0.0008; P = 0.050 for the smoking × calorie interaction). CONCLUSIONS The inverse calorie intake-LTL association is consistent with trial data showing beneficial effects of calorie restriction on aging biomarkers. Further exploration of energy intake and LTL dynamics in the young is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy D Kark
- Hebrew University-Hadassah School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Ein Kerem, Jerusalem, Israel.
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18
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Toperoff G, Aran D, Kark JD, Rosenberg M, Dubnikov T, Nissan B, Wainstein J, Friedlander Y, Levy-Lahad E, Glaser B, Hellman A. Genome-wide survey reveals predisposing diabetes type 2-related DNA methylation variations in human peripheral blood. Hum Mol Genet 2011; 21:371-83. [PMID: 21994764 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddr472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 271] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Inter-individual DNA methylation variations were frequently hypothesized to alter individual susceptibility to Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). Sequence-influenced methylations were described in T2DM-associated genomic regions, but evidence for direct, sequence-independent association with disease risk is missing. Here, we explore disease-contributing DNA methylation through a stepwise study design: first, a pool-based, genome-scale screen among 1169 case and control individuals revealed an excess of differentially methylated sites in genomic regions that were previously associated with T2DM through genetic studies. Next, in-depth analyses were performed at selected top-ranking regions. A CpG site in the first intron of the FTO gene showed small (3.35%) but significant (P = 0.000021) hypomethylation of cases relative to controls. The effect was independent of the sequence polymorphism in the region and persists among individuals carrying the sequence-risk alleles. The odds of belonging to the T2DM group increased by 6.1% for every 1% decrease in methylation (OR = 1.061, 95% CI: 1.032-1.090), the odds ratio for decrease of 1 standard deviation of methylation (adjusted to gender) was 1.5856 (95% CI: 1.2824-1.9606) and the sensitivity (area under the curve = 0.638, 95% CI: 0.586-0.690; males = 0.675, females = 0.609) was better than that of the strongest known sequence variant. Furthermore, a prospective study in an independent population cohort revealed significant hypomethylation of young individuals that later progressed to T2DM, relative to the individuals who stayed healthy. Further genomic analysis revealed co-localization with gene enhancers and with binding sites for methylation-sensitive transcriptional regulators. The data showed that low methylation level at the analyzed sites is an early marker of T2DM and suggests a novel mechanism by which early-onset, inter-individual methylation variation at isolated non-promoter genomic sites predisposes to T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gidon Toperoff
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
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Moderate Alcohol Intake, Though Not Regular Heavy Drinking, Is Protective for Acute Coronary Syndrome: A Population-Based, Case-Control Study in Southeast Europe. Ann Epidemiol 2011; 21:564-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2011.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2010] [Revised: 02/02/2011] [Accepted: 02/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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20
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Weiss R, Otvos JD, Sinnreich R, Miserez AR, Kark JD. The triglyceride to high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol ratio in adolescence and subsequent weight gain predict nuclear magnetic resonance-measured lipoprotein subclasses in adulthood. J Pediatr 2011; 158:44-50. [PMID: 20801459 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2010.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2009] [Revised: 04/27/2010] [Accepted: 07/07/2010] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess whether the fasting triglyceride-to-high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol (TG/HDL) ratio in adolescence is predictive of a proatherogenic lipid profile in adulthood. STUDY DESIGN A longitudinal follow-up of 770 Israeli adolescents 16 to 17 years of age who participated in the Jerusalem Lipid Research Clinic study and were reevaluated 13 years later. Lipoprotein particle size was assessed at the follow-up with proton nuclear magnetic resonance. RESULTS The TG/HDL ratio measured in adolescence was strongly associated with low-density lipoprotein, very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), and HDL mean particle size in young adulthood in both sexes, even after adjustment for baseline body mass index and body mass index change. The TG/HDL ratio measured in adolescence and subsequent weight gain independently predicted atherogenic small low-density lipoprotein and large VLDL particle concentrations (P < .001 in both sexes). Baseline TG/HDL and weight gain interacted to increase large VLDL concentration in men (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS Adolescents with an elevated TG/HDL ratio are prone to express a proatherogenic lipid profile in adulthood. This profile is additionally worsened by weight gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ram Weiss
- Braun School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Hebrew University-Hadassah Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel.
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21
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Tanrikulu-Kucuk S, Ademoglu E, Gurdol F, Bilge AK, Mutlu-Turkoglu U, Nisanci Y. Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein Taq1B Polymorphism in an Angiographically Assessed Turkish Population: No Effects on Coronary Artery Disease Risk. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2010; 14:637-42. [DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2010.0069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sevda Tanrikulu-Kucuk
- Department of Biochemistry, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Evin Ademoglu
- Department of Biochemistry, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Figen Gurdol
- Department of Biochemistry, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ahmet K. Bilge
- Department of Cardiology, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Umit Mutlu-Turkoglu
- Department of Biochemistry, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yilmaz Nisanci
- Department of Cardiology, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
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22
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Burazeri G, Kark JD. Alcohol intake and its correlates in a transitional predominantly Muslim population in southeastern Europe. Addict Behav 2010; 35:706-13. [PMID: 20381259 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2010.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2009] [Revised: 02/10/2010] [Accepted: 03/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our aim was to assess alcohol consumption and its correlates in Albania, a predominantly Muslim though largely secular Southeast European republic in transition from rigidly structured socialism to a market-oriented system. METHODS A population-based sample of Tirana residents aged 35-74 years was interviewed and examined in 2003-2006 (450 men and 235 women with data on alcohol intake, 65.5% response). Multivariable-adjusted logistic regression was used to assess the association of drinking frequency, quantity and type of drink with socioeconomic, psychosocial and coronary risk characteristics. RESULTS 30.6% (95%CI=26.3%-34.9%) of men, age-standardized to the 2005 census, and 5.6% (95%CI=2.6%-8.6%) of women reported almost daily intake of alcohol, whereas 17.0% (95%CI=13.4%-20.5%) of men and 46.6% (95%CI=40.2%-53.1%) of women abstained. In men, frequent drinking was positively associated with age and not receiving financial support from close family emigrants, and was strongly inversely related to religious observance in both Muslims and Christians. In women it was associated with smoking and upward social mobility. Alcohol intake was not associated with religious affiliation in either sex. In men, intake of spirits (predominantly raki) and beer were associated with lower socioeconomic indices, smoking and obesity (beer only), whereas wine intake was associated with financial security, being secular, and not smoking. Among men, 11.3% (95%CI=8.3%-14.3%) reported high intakes (> or =210 g of pure alcohol/week) and 6.0% (95%CI=3.8%-8.3%) very high intakes (> or = 420 g/week). High intakes were associated with frequent, rather than episodic, drinking. CONCLUSIONS Our study may be the first to provide information on alcohol intake and its characteristics in an Albanian population sample, one of the few predominantly Muslim countries in Europe. Alcohol consumption in women was extremely low. However, consistent very heavy intake of alcohol appears to be more frequent among Albanian men than in many former communist countries in Europe, and is cause for concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genc Burazeri
- Department of International Health, School for Public Health and Primary Care (CAPHRI), Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, The Netherlands.
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23
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Weiss R, Otvos JD, Flyvbjerg A, Miserez AR, Frystyk J, Sinnreich R, Kark JD. Adiponectin and lipoprotein particle size. Diabetes Care 2009; 32:1317-9. [PMID: 19389813 PMCID: PMC2699707 DOI: 10.2337/dc09-0084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Adiponectin has been postulated to affect lipid and insulin signal transduction pathways. We evaluated the relationships of plasma adiponectin with lipoprotein mean particle size and subclass concentrations, independent of obesity and insulin sensitivity. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A cross-sectional analysis of 884 young Israeli adults who participated in the population-based Jerusalem Lipid Research Clinic (LRC) study was conducted. Lipoprotein particle size was assessed using proton nuclear magnetic resonance. RESULTS In multivariable linear regression models that included sex, BMI, waist circumference, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, and leptin, adiponectin was associated with mean LDL size (standardized regression coefficient B = 0.20; P < 0.001), VLDL size (B = -0.12; P < 0.001), and HDL size (B = 0.06; P = 0.013). Adiponectin was inversely related to large VLDL (P < 0.001) but positively to small VLDL (P = 0.02), inversely related to small LDL (P < 0.006) but positively to large LDL (P < 0.001), and positively related to large HDL (P < 0.001) subclass concentrations. CONCLUSIONS Adiponectin is favorably associated with lipoprotein particle size and subclass distribution independent of adiposity and insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ram Weiss
- Hebrew University-Hadassah Braun School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel.
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24
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Rejeb J, Omezzine A, Rebhi L, Naffeti I, Kchok K, Belkahla R, Bel Hadjmbarek I, Ben Rejeb N, Nabli N, Boujelbene A, Ben Abdelaziz A, Boughzala E, Bouslama A. Association of the cholesteryl ester transfer protein Taq1 B2B2 genotype with higher high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations and lower risk of coronary artery disease in a Tunisian population. Arch Cardiovasc Dis 2008; 101:629-36. [PMID: 19056069 DOI: 10.1016/j.acvd.2008.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2008] [Revised: 09/11/2008] [Accepted: 09/12/2008] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) in the development of atherosclerosis is undergoing debate. AIMS In this prospective study, we sought to explore the role of the CETP Taq1B variant in coronary artery disease risk, and its association with plasma lipid and apolipoprotein concentrations. METHODS DNA was extracted from 316 patients undergoing coronary angiography. The Taq1B polymorphism was genotyped using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Lipid and apolipoprotein concentrations were measured by enzymatic and nephelometric assays. RESULTS In our study population, the B2 allele frequency was 0.29. B2 allele carriers had a significantly higher high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) concentration than those with the B1B1 genotype (1.041+/-0.294 versus 0.995+/-0.277; p=0.039). After adjusting for age, sex, smoking status, diabetes, hypertension and dyslipidaemia, the odds ratio (OR) for significant stenosis associated with the B2 allele was 0.82 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.60-0.97; p=0.039), suggesting that the B2 allele is associated with an 18% lower risk of significant stenosis. This protective effect seemed to be more significant in male nonsmokers (38% lower risk; OR 0.62, 95% CI 0.29-0.92; p=0.029). No significant protective effects were observed in women or male smokers. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that the B2 allele is associated with higher concentrations of HDL-C, which confer a protective effect with regard to coronary atherosclerosis. This effect seems to be more significant in men than in women and in nonsmokers than in smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihène Rejeb
- Biochemistry Department, UR MSP28/04, Sahloul University Hospital, 4054 Sousse, Tunisia
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25
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Abstract
In 1988 the task of identifying Type 2 diabetes genes was described as a nightmare. For the next 17 years this proved to be largely correct. In the meantime the prevalence of Type 2 diabetes rose sharply due to non-genetic factors, compounding the problem of trying to find genes. Despite a huge amount of effort, progress was disappointing and only two genes, PPARG and KCNJ11, were confirmed beyond doubt as Type 2 diabetes risk factors in multiple studies. The reasons for this have been well documented and mainly consist of the use of inappropriate levels of statistical inference given the many hundreds of thousands of potential risk polymorphisms in the genome and their small effect sizes. The good news is that these problems are now surmountable and prospects for finding many more genes are bright. This year saw the identification of a third gene, TCF7L2, that has a greater impact on risk than the first two and provided important lessons for Type 2 diabetes genetic studies. The most important of these lessons was that previously unsuspected genes may be involved. In this review I discuss why this year is the start of a new era in our understanding of Type 2 diabetes genes and how this may lead to improved patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- T M Frayling
- Peninsula Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.
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26
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Kark JD, Fink R, Adler B, Goldberger N, Goldman S. The incidence of coronary heart disease among Palestinians and Israelis in Jerusalem. Int J Epidemiol 2006; 35:448-57. [PMID: 16455758 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyl012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lifestyle factors relevant to coronary risk factors differ between Palestinians and Israelis. Both have been exposed, albeit differently, to the stressors of the long-term conflict. We determined the incidence of coronary heart disease, previously unreported in Palestinians, in these Mediterranean populations and made international comparisons with the MONICA Programme. METHODS We applied the rigorous World Health Organization MONICA protocol, which enables standardized international population-based comparisons, to determine all acute myocardial infarction events and coronary deaths among Palestinians and Israelis aged 25-74, residents of the Jerusalem district in 1997. RESULTS We confirmed a total of 265 coronary events among 76,200 Arabs and 698 among 226,500 Jews. Rates among Arabs were substantially higher than in Jews, particularly so in women. Age-adjusted rate ratios (RRs) for coronary events were 1.58 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.34-1.87] among men and 2.37 (95% CI 1.81-3.10) among women. When restricted to coronary deaths, Arab: Jewish RRs were 2.79 (95% CI 2.09-3.73) in men and 2.66 (95% CI 1.77-4.00) in women. Compared with MONICA populations in 20 countries, Arabs ranked first in total coronary event rates and first in non-fatal myocardial infarction rates, exceeded populations in Finland, Scotland, and Northern Ireland, and showed striking differences from the participating Mediterranean centres. CONCLUSIONS Coronary risk appears to be particularly high in Palestinian Arabs. Determinants of these unexpected findings should be sought and prevention programmes initiated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy D Kark
- Epidemiology Unit, Hadassah Medical Organization and Hebrew University-Hadassah School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Ein Kerem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel.
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27
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Weitgasser R, Galvan G, Malaimare L, Derflinger I, Hedegger M, Lang J, Iglseder B, Ladurner G, Paulweber B. Cholesteryl ester transfer protein TaqIB polymorphism and its relation to parameters of the insulin resistance syndrome in an Austrian cohort. Biomed Pharmacother 2005; 58:619-27. [PMID: 15589073 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2004.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2004] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) is responsible for the exchange of triglycerides and cholesteryl esters between lipoprotein particles leading to an increased hepatic clearance of HDL-cholesteryl esters. A high CETP activity reduces serum HDL levels, whereas persons without CETP activity have high HDL levels. We investigated the association of the TaqIB CETP polymorphism and various parameters of the insulin resistance syndrome in a cross sectional population based study. We included 1029 persons without known cardiovascular disease or diabetes mellitus consecutively enrolled in our SAPHIR program (Salzburg Atherosclerosis Prevention program in persons with a High Infarction Risk). Numerous clinical and laboratory data were accomplished. Insulin sensitivity was measured by a short insulin tolerance test. The TaqIB CETP polymorphism was determined by PCR, TaqI restriction and electrophoresis. 35.2% were homozygous for the prevalence (B1B1), 46.7% were heterozygous (B1B2), and 18.1% homozygous for the absence (B2B2) of the restriction site. HDL cholesterol and apolipoprotein A1 were lower and small dense low-density lipoproteins (sdLDL) higher in B1B1 compared to B2B1 and B2B2 persons. In women, we found a significant interaction effect between CETP genotype and adiposity for HDL cholesterol. B1B1 women with a BMI and a waist circumference above the median had 9.7 mg/dl lower HDL than B1B2 and 9.1 mg/dl lower HDL than B2B2 women (P < 0.001). In men, no interaction effect but a marked genotype to HDL correlation was found. There was a high CETP effect on sdLDL detected in men (P = 0.001). B1B1 men had sdLDL in 36%, B1B2 in 24.6%, and B2B2 in only 14.5%. Men with adiposity and insulin resistance had twice as many sdLDL as insulin sensitive men. We found a significant sex specific effect of the TaqIB CETP polymorphism on the insulin resistance parameters HDL-cholesterol and sdLDL in an Austrian population based study.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Weitgasser
- 1st Department of Medicine, St. Johanns Spital, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.
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28
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Kark JD, Goldberger N, Fink R, Adler B, Kuulasmaa K, Goldman S. Myocardial infarction occurrence in Jerusalem: a Mediterranean anomaly. Atherosclerosis 2005; 178:129-38. [PMID: 15585210 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2004.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2003] [Revised: 07/13/2004] [Accepted: 08/10/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Jewish population of Israel consumes a diet rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids with a relatively low proportion of saturated fat, has a small alcohol intake and a lipid profile characterized by low HDL-cholesterol and high lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)). It is therefore of interest to compare occurrence rates of coronary heart disease (CHD) with those elsewhere. METHODS The community-based event rate of CHD [comprising acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and CHD death] and case-fatality was determined in 1995-1997 by active surveillance among Jewish residents of the Jerusalem District aged 25-64 according to standardized WHO-MONICA criteria. We compared our findings with rates among MONICA populations in 21 countries. Twelve hundred and six events occurred in Jerusalem during approximately 399,000 [correction] person-years (930 non-fatal AMI and 276 CHD deaths). RESULTS The age-adjusted incidence of CHD ranked high compared with the 21 countries (men third highest, women eighth highest), far exceeding the Mediterranean countries. In contrast, the pre-hospital mortality rate was low, similar to countries in the Mediterranean basin, and the 28-day case fatality was remarkably low, far lower than for any MONICA population in men, and second lowest in women. Correspondingly, the incidence of non-fatal AMI ranked extraordinarily high (men first, women third). The low case-fatality ranking persisted upon adjustment for treatment differences between populations. CONCLUSIONS We report an unusual combination of a high incidence of CHD among Jewish residents of Jerusalem accompanied by extraordinarily low case fatality, the latter suggesting reduced susceptibility to lethal arrhythmias. Determinants of this anomaly require clarification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy D Kark
- Epidemiology Unit, Hadassah Medical Organization and Hebrew University-Hadassah School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Ein Kerem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel.
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29
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Boekholdt SM, Kuivenhoven JA, Wareham NJ, Peters RJG, Jukema JW, Luben R, Bingham SA, Day NE, Kastelein JJP, Khaw KT. Plasma Levels of Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein and the Risk of Future Coronary Artery Disease in Apparently Healthy Men and Women. Circulation 2004; 110:1418-23. [PMID: 15337694 DOI: 10.1161/01.cir.0000141730.65972.95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background—
Low plasma levels of cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) are associated with elevated levels of HDL cholesterol (HDL-C), but it remains unclear whether this translates into a concomitant reduction in the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD). Evidence exists that the effect of CETP depends on metabolic context, in particular on triglyceride levels.
Methods and Results—
A nested case-control study was performed in the prospective EPIC-Norfolk cohort study. Cases were apparently healthy men and women aged 45 to 79 years who developed fatal or nonfatal CAD during follow-up. Control subjects were matched by age, sex, and enrollment time. CETP levels were not significantly different between cases and controls (4.0±2.2 versus 3.8±2.1 mg/L,
P
=0.07). CETP levels were significantly related to plasma levels of total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and HDL-C. The risk of CAD increased with increasing CETP quintiles (
P
for linearity=0.02), such that subjects in the highest quintile had an adjusted OR of 1.43 (95% CI 1.03 to 1.99,
P
=0.03) versus those in the lowest. Among individuals with triglyceride levels below the median (1.7 mmol/L), no relationship between CETP levels and CAD risk was observed (
P
for linearity=0.5), but this relationship was strong among those with high triglyceride levels (
P
for linearity=0.02), such that those in the highest CETP quintile had an OR of 1.87 (95% CI 1.06 to 3.30,
P
=0.02).
Conclusions—
Elevated CETP levels are associated with an increasing risk of future CAD in apparently healthy individuals, but only in those with high triglyceride levels.
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30
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Abstract
AIM This study examines patterns of illicit drug use in a national sample of young men and women in Israel over a 20-year period. DESIGN Annual cross-sectional data are analysed from an ongoing systematic sample of soldiers being discharged from active military service during the years 1982-2001. SETTING An anonymous questionnaire is self-administered to soldiers on the day of discharge in an unsupervised setting. PARTICIPANTS Between 1200 and 2800 individuals participated in the survey annually. A total of 40 518 people were included in the analysis. This sample frame is reflective of all Israel Defense Forces (IDF) releasees below the rank of Captain. Military recruits in Israel comprised about 80% of the country's 18-year-old Jewish male cohort in any given year, and about two-thirds of the female population of this age. FINDINGS Time-trends of drug use in Israel parallel those in the United States and European countries, although at much lower rates. Several indicators suggest a recent increase, particularly among women. Drug use is strongly inversely related to education level. Marijuana accounts for 65-75% of drug use in this young adult population. CONCLUSION Jewish cultural background and the military policy of zero tolerance are assumed contributors to the low drug use levels. Recent upward trends suggest that intensified prevention, surveillance and research efforts are in order.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yehuda D Neumark
- Hebrew University of Jerusalem-Hadassah Braun School of Public Health and Community Medicine and Epidemiology Unit, Hadassah Medical Organization, Jerusalem, Israel.
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31
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Belo L, Gaffney D, Caslake M, Santos-Silva A, Pereira-Leite L, Quintanilha A, Rebelo I. Apolipoprotein E and cholesteryl ester transfer protein polymorphisms in normal and preeclamptic pregnancies. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2004; 112:9-15. [PMID: 14687732 DOI: 10.1016/s0301-2115(03)00240-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the association of apolipoprotein (apo) E polymorphism and a cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) polymorphism (CETP/TaqIB) with preeclampsia and with lipid/lipoprotein profile in pregnancy. MATERIALS AND METHODS A group of 144 normal pregnant women (67 in the third trimester) were compared with 51 cases of preeclampsia in the third trimester of gestation. Apo E and CETP genotypes were determined by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. Serum lipids, lipoproteins and apolipoproteins were evaluated using commercially available kits. LDL size was assessed by gradient gel electrophoresis. RESULTS No differences were found in the distribution of subjects with respect to genotypes, in the apo E and CETP polymorphisms, between control and pathologic groups. In the third trimester of gestation (both control and case groups considered), apo E polymorphism, but not CETP polymorphism, was associated with different lipid and lipoprotein levels. Patients carrying the E2 allele (E2+) presented with significantly lower values of LDL cholesterol (LDLc) compared with carriers of E4 (E4+) and E3/3 individuals. E2+ also presented with the highest triglyceride (TG) level, although this was not statistically significant. On the other hand, HDL cholesterol (HDLc) and apo A-I levels were significantly reduced in E4+, compared with E3/3. Furthermore, E4+ presented with the highest total cholesterol and LDL and therefore LDLc/HDLc and apo B/apo A-I ratios were significantly higher in this group compared with the other two. CONCLUSIONS Neither of our candidate genes showed association with preeclampsia. However, apo E genotype was associated with changes in lipid and lipoprotein profiles in pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luís Belo
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-047 Porto, Portugal.
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32
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Ko YL, Hsu LA, Hsu KH, Ko YH, Lee YS. The interactive effects of hepatic lipase gene promoter polymorphisms with sex and obesity on high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol levels in Taiwanese–Chinese. Atherosclerosis 2004; 172:135-42. [PMID: 14709367 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2003.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Hepatic lipase (HL) is involved in the metabolism of several lipoproteins and plays a key role in reverse cholesterol transport. The aim of the current study was to test the statistical association between two HL gene promoter polymorphisms (HL-514C/T and HL-250G/A) and lipoprotein profiles in a Taiwanese-Chinese population. METHODS A sample population of 716 Taiwanese-Chinese individuals was analyzed. DNA was extracted from the blood and genotypes were determined by polymerase chain reaction, restriction enzyme digestion, and agarose gel electrophoresis. RESULTS Analysis of the data revealed that these two polymorphisms are in strong linkage disequilibrium (D/D(max)=0.97, P<0.001). A significantly lower total cholesterol/HDL-C ratio was noted for carriers with the -514T and -250A alleles compared to non-carriers (P=0.007 and 0.004, respectively). A significant trend of the association was also found on the high levels of high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) among carriers with the -514T and -250A alleles as opposed to that of non-carriers (P=0.030 and 0.023, respectively). Multivariate analysis has demonstrated that the effects of HL-514C/T and HL-250G/A polymorphisms on HDL-C levels were not affected by subjects' sex, body mass index, plasma triglyceride levels and the cholesterol ester transfer protein gene TaqIB polymorphism. Subgroup analysis on each sex has revealed that the two studied polymorphisms were significantly associated with HDL-C levels among males but not significant in women. The same association between obese and non-obese men was not consistent. The P-value of the respective polymorphisms on HDL-C levels were 0.012 and 0.002 among obese men, but not significant among non-obese men. CONCLUSION Analysis of our data revealed an independent association between the HL gene promoter polymorphisms and HDL-C levels in Taiwanese-Chinese. The data also suggests that the HL-514C/T and HL-250G/A polymorphisms interact with sex and obesity on HDL-C levels. The findings give clues for identifying high risk population in preventive medicine and clinical diagnosis. The subsequent impacts on treatment profiles and prognosis were derived from this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Lin Ko
- The First Cardiovascular Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, No.199 Tung-Hwa North Road, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
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Klerkx AHEM, de Grooth GJ, Zwinderman AH, Jukema JW, Kuivenhoven JA, Kastelein JJP. Cholesteryl ester transfer protein concentration is associated with progression of atherosclerosis and response to pravastatin in men with coronary artery disease (REGRESS). Eur J Clin Invest 2004; 34:21-8. [PMID: 14984434 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2362.2004.01281.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The TaqIB polymorphism in the cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) gene is associated with HDL-C, progression of coronary artery disease (CAD) and response to pravastatin treatment in men with angiographically proven CAD (REGRESS). We hypothesized that differences in CETP concentration could explain these associations and now investigated whether CETP concentration is an independent determinant of these parameters. MATERIALS AND METHODS Plasma CETP concentrations at baseline and after 2 years' treatment with pravastatin or placebo were measured (n=674), and correlations with lipid and angiographic parameters (mean segment- and obstruction-diameter; MSD and MOD), and TaqIB genotype were studied. RESULTS After segregation into three groups (baseline CETP<1.58, 1.58-2.21, >2.21 mg L(-1)), subjects with the highest CETP had significantly higher baseline total cholesterol, LDL-C and triglycerides (P<0.01), while HDL-C, MSD and MOD were not different among these groups. After 2 years of placebo, the MSD decreased threefold (P<0.001) and the MOD decreased 2.4-fold (P=0.042) more in the highest compared with the lowest CETP quartile. Pravastatin treatment reduced total cholesterol LDL-C and triglycerides significantly more in the highest CETP quartile. Moreover, only in the highest CETP quartile, pravastatin significantly reduced the MSD- (P=0.003) and MOD-decrease (P=0.014) compared with placebo, and, notably, this was independent of baseline lipids and differential lipid changes in these quartiles. Strikingly, baseline associations and treatment responses according to baseline CETP were independent of TaqIB genotype. CONCLUSIONS High CETP concentration is associated with faster progression of coronary atherosclerosis in men with proven CAD. Second, pravastatin yielded the highest improvement of lipid and angiographic parameters in patients with high baseline CETP independent of baseline lipids, lipid changes and TaqIB genotype, indicating that the plasma CETP level itself is an important determinant of the response to statins.
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Affiliation(s)
- A H E M Klerkx
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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34
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Yilmaz H, Isbir T, Agachan B, Karaali ZE. Effects of cholesterol ester transfer protein Taq1B gene polymorphism on serum lipoprotein levels in Turkish coronary artery disease patients. Cell Biochem Funct 2004; 23:23-8. [PMID: 15386541 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.1124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate the effect of cholesterol ester transfer protein (CETP) Taq1B gene polymorphism on serum lipid profile in Turkish coronary artery disease (CAD) patients, we investigated Taq1B gene polymorphism of CETP and serum lipid levels in 111 controls and in 173 CAD patients with myocardial infarction. There were no significant differences in the allele distribution at this polymorphic locus between the population sample and patients with coronary artery disease with myocardial infarction. To detect the association between the Taq1B RFLP and serum lipid levels, we determined the serum concentrations of total cholesterol, triglycerides and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in the subjects studied and correlated the results to the Taq1B RFLP. Patients with Taq B1B1 genotypes had lower HDL-C levels than patients with B2B2 genotype (p = 0.003). Also in control subjects with Taq B1B1 genotype, lower HDL-C levels (p = 0.05) and higher triglyceride levels (p = 0.017) and body mass index (p = 0.05) were observed compared with control subjects with the B1B2 genotype. It was observed that in our population the distribution of CETP Taq1B genotypes is similar to other populations (except Greeks). The present study demonstrates that CETP Taq1B gene polymorphism may be responsible for low HDL cholesterol levels in patients with CAD and in healthy controls in Turkey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hulya Yilmaz
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Experimental Medical Research, University of Istanbul, Istanbul, Turkey
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Ikewaki K, Mabuchi H, Teramoto T, Yamada N, Oikawa S, Sasaki J, Takata K, Saito Y. Association of cholesteryl ester transfer protein activity and TaqIB polymorphism with lipoprotein variations in Japanese subjects. Metabolism 2003; 52:1564-70. [PMID: 14669156 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2003.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) facilitates the transfer of cholesteryl ester from high-density lipoprotein (HDL) to apolipoprotein (apo)B-containing lipoproteins, whereby it potentially regulates steady-state concentrations of HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C), as well as low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C). We performed a multicenter trial to assess the association of CETP activity with plasma lipoprotein levels in 591 Japanese subjects. Women had significantly higher CETP activity (15%) and mass (24%) compared to men. For both genders CETP activity was negatively correlated with HDL-C and HDL(2)-C, but positively correlated with LDL-C. B2 allele frequency in TaqIB polymorphism was 40%, with no gender difference. TaqIB genotypes were significantly associated with CETP activity and HDL-C level (both P <.001). B1B1 had the highest CETP activity and the lowest HDL-C concentrations, whereas B2B2 had the lowest CETP activity and the highest HDL-C concentrations. However, no statistically significant differences in triglycerides (TG) or LDL-C were observed across TaqIB genotypes. Multivariate analysis revealed that determinants of HDL-C were age, gender, body mass index (BMI), smoking, alcohol intake, exercise, CETP activity, and TG, and for LDL-C were BMI, age, and CETP. These data demonstrate that CETP activity is a significant determinant of HDL-C and LDL-C levels and that TaqIB CETP gene polymorphism affects CETP activity and HDL-C level in Japanese population examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsunori Ikewaki
- Department of Cardiology, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Bernstein MS, Costanza MC, James RW, Morris MA, Cambien F, Raoux S, Morabia A. No physical activity x CETP 1b.-629 interaction effects on lipid profile. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2003; 35:1124-9. [PMID: 12840632 DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000074444.27594.b0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION/PURPOSE Being physically active may improve the lipid profile by increasing high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (HDL-C) concentrations. Cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) transfers cholesteryl esters from HDL to lipoproteins of lower density. The potential interactive effects of physical activity and the CETP A-C polymorphism on exon 1b.-629 (CETP 1b.-629) with lipid profile were investigated in a population-based cross-sectional survey. METHODS 1720 men and women, ages 35-74 yr, were randomly selected from the general adult population of Geneva, Switzerland, throughout 1999-2000. A validated physical activity questionnaire measured total energy expenditure and the percentage thereof used in high-intensity activities (% high-intensity activity, e.g., brisk walking, sports). CETP 1b.-629 was assayed with PCR and allele-specific oligonucleotide hybridization. The study had 80% power to detect lipid profile differences from 0.10 to 0.15 mmol x L-1 ( approximately 4-6 mg x dL-1) between gender-specific (CETP genotype x % high-intensity activity) subgroups. RESULTS HDL-C (mmol x L-1) was higher in men and women with the AA genotype (respectively, 1.26 and 1.56) versus those with CC (1.14 and 1.46) (P < 0.0001, P < 0.002). Before stratification into CETP subgroups, a greater % high-intensity activity (upper tertile) was associated with higher HDL-C only in men (1.24 vs 1.19 in lower tertile, P < 0.0005). However, no statistically significant (CETP 1b.-629 x % high-intensity activity) interactions with lipid profile were detected in either gender. CONCLUSION The effects of the CETP 1b.-629 A-C polymorphism on blood lipid concentrations appear to be unchanged by the different observed physical activity levels in a mostly sedentary population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martine S Bernstein
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Geneva University Medical Center, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
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Boekholdt SM, Thompson JF. Natural genetic variation as a tool in understanding the role of CETP in lipid levels and disease. J Lipid Res 2003; 44:1080-93. [PMID: 12639975 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.r200018-jlr200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the identification of cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP), its role in the modulation of HDL levels and cardiovascular disease has been debated. With the early detection of genetic variants followed by the finding of families deficient in CETP, genetic studies have played a large role in the attempts to understand the association of CETP with lipids and disease; however, results of these studies have often led to disparate conclusions. With the availability of a greater variety of genetic polymorphisms and larger studies in which disease has been examined, it is now possible to compare the breadth of CETP genetic studies and draw better conclusions. The most broadly studied polymorphism is TaqIB for which over 10,000 individuals have been genotyped and had HDL levels determined. When these studies are subjected to a meta-analysis, the B2B2 homozygotes are found to have higher HDL levels than B1B1 homozygotes (0.12 mmol/l, 95% CI = 0.11-0.13, P < 0.0001). A similar analysis of the I405V polymorphism yields 0.05 mmol/l higher HDL levels in 405VV homozygotes than in 405II homozygotes (95% CI = 0.03-0.07, P < 0.0001). The implications of these studies for cardiovascular disease will be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Matthijs Boekholdt
- Academic Medical Center, Department of Cardiology, Room F3-241, 1100 DD Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Kark JD, Kaufmann NA, Binka F, Goldberger N, Berry EM. Adipose tissue n-6 fatty acids and acute myocardial infarction in a population consuming a diet high in polyunsaturated fatty acids. Am J Clin Nutr 2003; 77:796-802. [PMID: 12663274 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/77.4.796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Jewish population of Israel consumes a diet rich in n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), principally linoleic acid. The consequences of this diet for ischemic heart disease (IHD) remain unclear. OBJECTIVE We assessed the association of adipose tissue n-6 fatty acids, which are derived entirely from the diet, with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). DESIGN A total of 180 cases and 492 IHD-free controls aged 25-64 were included in a population-based case-control study of Jerusalem residents hospitalized with a first AMI. Diet was assessed by the use of a food-frequency questionnaire and adipose tissue fatty acids by gas chromatography of biopsy samples taken from subcutaneous gluteal tissue. The data were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS Dietary PUFAs (: 10.1% of energy) correlated (r = 0.43, P < 0.001) with adipose tissue linoleic acid, which constituted 25.6% of storage fatty acids. High intakes of linoleic acid were not associated with excess risk of AMI (age- and sex-adjusted odds ratio for the third versus the first tertile: 0.96; 95% CI: 0.62, 1.48; NS). In contrast, arachidonic acid, the long chain n-6 derivative of linoleic acid, was positively associated with AMI (age- and sex-adjusted odds ratio: 2.12; 95% CI: 1.33, 3.36; P = 0.004). With multivariate adjustment, there was no evidence for an adverse association of linoleic acid with AMI, whereas the risk associated with arachidonic acid persisted, albeit attenuated. CONCLUSIONS A very high linoleic acid intake does not appear to confer increased risk of nonfatal AMI. Nonetheless, the increased risk associated with arachidonic acid, a finding that requires confirmation, tempers an inference that diets rich in n-6 fatty acids are safe vis-à-vis coronary health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy D Kark
- Epidemiology Unit, Department of Social Medicine, Hadassah University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel.
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Park KW, Choi JH, Kim HK, Oh S, Chae IH, Kim HS, Oh BH, Lee MM, Park YB, Choi YS. The association of cholesteryl ester transfer protein polymorphism with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and coronary artery disease in Koreans. Clin Genet 2003; 63:31-8. [PMID: 12519369 DOI: 10.1034/j.1399-0004.2003.630105.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) is a key protein involved in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) metabolism. It is known to affect plasma HDL-C levels, and its genetic regulation may be involved in the development of coronary artery disease (CAD). The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of the CETP Taq1B polymorphism in Koreans, and to investigate its relationship with plasma HDL-C levels and CAD. One-hundred and nineteen patients with significant CAD and 106 controls were examined with respect to their genotypes, lipid profiles and other risk factors of CAD. The genotype frequencies of B1B1:B1B2:B2B2 in males and females were 35.5%:50%:14.5% and 34.7%:42.6%:22.7%, respectively, which is comparable to previous reports in other ethnic groups. The B1B1 homozygote was associated with significantly lower HDL-C levels in females (p = 0.049) and non-smoking males (p = 0.037). After controlling for gender, body mass index (BMI) and smoking, the TaqIB polymorphism was still significantly associated with HDL-C levels (p = 0.046) and explained 5.4% of the HDL-C variation in this study. By univariate analysis, the B1B1 homozygote was a significant predictor of CAD (p = 0.043), and this was confirmed by multivariate analysis with traditional risk factors, i.e. the B1B1 homozygote was an independent predictor of CAD (p = 0.026, odds ratio = 1.97, 95% confidence interval: 1.08-3.57). In conclusion, the B1B1 homozygote of the CETP Taq1B polymorphism is associated with low HDL-C levels in females and non-smoking males, and may be an independent genetic risk factor of CAD in the Korean population.
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Affiliation(s)
- K-W Park
- Cardiovascular Laboratory, Clinical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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Tai ES, Ordovas JM, Corella D, Deurenberg-Yap M, Chan E, Adiconis X, Chew SK, Loh LM, Tan CE. The TaqIB and -629C>A polymorphisms at the cholesteryl ester transfer protein locus: associations with lipid levels in a multiethnic population. The 1998 Singapore National Health Survey. Clin Genet 2003; 63:19-30. [PMID: 12519368 DOI: 10.1034/j.1399-0004.2003.630104.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The Singapore population comprises Chinese, Malays and Asian Indians. Within this population, Asian Indians have the highest rates of coronary heart disease, whereas Chinese have the lowest. Conversely, Indians have the lowest high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) concentrations, followed by Malays and Chinese. We studied the TaqIB and -629C>A polymorphisms at the CETP locus in 1300 Chinese, 364 Malay and 282 Asian Indian men, and in 1558 Chinese, 397 Malay and 306 Asian Indian women, to determine whether these polymorphisms are responsible for the ethnic difference in HDL-C concentration. The frequency of the B2 allele in Chinese, Malays and Indians was 0.384, 0.339 and 0.449 in men, and 0.379, 0.329 and 0.415 in women, respectively (p < 0.001). For the A-629 allele, the relative frequencies were 0.477, 0.423 and 0.592 in men and 0.486, 0.416 and 0.575 in women (p < 0.001). The two polymorphisms were in linkage disequilibrium (D / Dmax= 0.9772, p < 0.00001). The B2 and the A-629 alleles were associated with increased HDL-C concentrations in a dose-dependent manner. The B2 allele continued to show an association with HDL-C concentration, even after controlling for the genotype at position -629. Dietary cholesterol showed a significant interaction with the TaqIB polymorphism in determining HDL-C concentrations in Indians and Malays, but not in Chinese. In conclusion, the high frequencies of these polymorphisms in Asian Indians could not explain the observed ethnic differences in HDL-C concentration. Moreover, we observed an ethnic-specific interaction among dietary cholesterol, the TaqIB polymorphism and HDL-C concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- E S Tai
- Department of Endocrinology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore.
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Cuchel M, Wolfe ML, deLemos AS, Rader DJ. The frequency of the cholesteryl ester transfer protein-TaqI B2 allele is lower in African Americans than in Caucasians. Atherosclerosis 2002; 163:169-74. [PMID: 12048136 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9150(01)00769-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) mediates the exchange of cholesteryl ester for triglyceride between high density lipoprotein (HDL) and very low density lipoprotein. The B2 allele of the TaqIB polymorphism located in the first intron of the CETP gene occurs with an allele frequency of about 0.40 in Caucasians and is associated with decreased CETP levels and activity and with higher HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels in this racial group. We hypothesized that the higher levels of HDL-C seen in African Americans compared with Caucasians could be in part explained by a higher frequency of the TaqI B2 allele. We determined the distribution of this polymorphism in a total of 395 African Americans and 362 Caucasian ascertained as two independent cohorts: one of healthy volunteers (NORM) and the other of patients undergoing cardiac catheterization (CATH). Of the 244 NORM-African Americans studied, 56% were B1B1, 37% B1B2 and 7% B2B2, compared with the 224 NORM-Caucasians of which 33% were B1B1, 45% B1B2 and 22% B2B2. In the CATH-African American group (n=151) 51% were B1B1, 41% B1B2 and 8% B2B2 compared with 35% CATH-Caucasians B1B1, 54% B1B2 and 11% B2B2. The frequency of the B2 allele in the Caucasian subjects in both cohorts was similar to that reported in the literature. The frequency of the B2 allele was significantly lower in African Americans than in Caucasians in the NORM group (0.26 vs 0.44; chi(2)=36.5, P<0.001) and in the CATH group (0.28 vs 0.38, chi(2)=4.7, P=0.01). Carriers of the B2 allele had higher HDL-C levels compared with B1B1 subjects in Caucasians (NORM: 57 vs 53 mg/dl, P=0.035; CATH: 47 vs 42 mg/dl, P=0.049) and in CATH-African Americans (48 vs 43 mg/dl, P=0.028), but not in NORM-African Americans (55 vs 54 mg/dl, P=0.494). There were no other significant associations between this polymorphism and other lipids and lipoproteins in the subjects studied. These results suggest that, in contrast to our hypothesis, the B2 allele of the TaqIB polymorphism is less frequent in African Americans compared with Caucasians and that this polymorphism is unlikely to contribute to the higher levels of HDL-C reported in the African American population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Cuchel
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, School of Medicine, 654 BRB II/III, 421 Curie Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Kark JD, Sinnreich R, Rosenberg IH, Jacques PF, Selhub J. Plasma homocysteine and parental myocardial infarction in young adults in Jerusalem. Circulation 2002; 105:2725-9. [PMID: 12057985 DOI: 10.1161/01.cir.0000017360.99531.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A causal role for mildly elevated plasma homocysteine (tHcy) in cardiovascular disease remains undetermined. To address the unresolved issue of the antecedent-consequent directionality of the relationship, we assessed the familial association of tHcy with parental myocardial infarction (MI) in young Israeli men and women. We also compared tHcy concentrations in Jerusalem, where rates of coronary heart disease (CHD) are high, with the United States Third National Health and Examination Survey (NHANES III). METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 8646 17-year-olds and 6952 parents were examined from 1976 to 1979 in Jerusalem. At ages 28 to 32 years, offspring of parents who experienced a documented MI during a 10-year follow-up (n=133 men, 62 women; 72% response) and offspring of CHD-free parents (n=389 men, 208 women; 71% response) were reexamined. tHcy levels were determined by the same laboratory for the NHANES non-Hispanic white population aged 25 to 34 years (n=379) and the Jerusalem population sample (n=858). Men from Jerusalem, but not women, had clearly higher tHcy levels than the sample from the United States (90th percentile, 23 versus 14 micromol/L). This difference was largely attributable to lower plasma vitamin B12 levels in the Israeli population. Male case offspring had higher adjusted tHcy than did controls (1.9 micromol/L, P=0.002). Logistic modeling revealed a graded increase in risk of parental MI across quintiles of offspring tHcy, with an adjusted odds ratio of 2.7 in the 5th quintile (P=0.0026 for trend). CONCLUSIONS The higher tHcy in young male offspring of parents with CHD suggests that elevated tHcy precedes manifestation of CHD. The elevated population tHcy in men may contribute to the high incidence of CHD in Israel.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Kark
- Epidemiology Unit, Hadassah University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel.
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Abstract
Os níveis de lipídeos séricos são características multifatoriais determinadas por um grande número de fatores genéticos e ambientais. A identificação do componente genético dessas características tem sido intensamente investigada nos últimos anos. Esses estudos têm enfocado principalmente polimorfismos nos genes que codificam proteínas estruturais e enzimas relacionadas com o metabolismo de lipídeos. Estudos mais recentes mostraram que o efeito desses polimorfismos depende em parte das interações dos diferentes genótipos com os fatores de risco clássicos tais como tabagismo, sobrepeso ou sedentarismo. A variabilidade encontrada nesses genes parece também influir na resposta a fármacos comumente utilizados no tratamento das hiperlipidemias.
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Arca M, Montali A, Ombres D, Battiloro E, Campagna F, Ricci G, Verna R. Lack of association of the common TaqIB polymorphism in the cholesteryl ester transfer protein gene with angiographically assessed coronary atherosclerosis. Clin Genet 2001; 60:374-80. [PMID: 11903340 DOI: 10.1034/j.1399-0004.2001.600510.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The anti-atherogenic effect of cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) genetic variants associated with lowered enzyme activity is controversial. Moreover, in a few studies, this effect has been evaluated in the presence of a certain risk factor constellation. We addressed this issue in a case-control study, where 415 subjects with angiographically documented coronary artery disease (CAD +), 397 subjects without CAD (in 215, CAD was excluded by coronarography (CAD-)), and 188 healthy population controls, were screened for the CETP TaqIB polymorphism. The prevalence of the low-activity TaqIB2 allele was 0.396 in CAD+, and 0.428 and 0.416 in CAD- and population controls, respectively (p = 0.40). Its presence was significantly associated with increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in population controls (1.40 +/- 0.40 mmol/l in B1B1, 1.52 +/- 0.39 mmol/l in B1B2 and 1.58 + 0.46 mmol/l in B2B2; p < 0.03 for trend), but not in the other groups. The CETP TaqIB polymorphism accounted for < 1% of the HDL-C variance in the whole cohort (p = 0.048). After adjustment for other risk factors, the CETP TaqIB2 allele was found not to be associated with significant changes in CAD risk independently of an assumed either dominant (odds ratio (OR) 0.97; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.66-1.44; p = 0.89) or recessive effect (OR 0.68; 95% CI 0.42-1.12; p = 0.13). The CETP TaqIB polymorphism did not show a significant interaction with other risk factors in influencing CAD risk. Our findings do not support the hypothesis that a genetic variant resulting in lowered CETP activity is associated with reduced risk of coronary atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Arca
- Istituto di Terapia Medica Sistematica, Università degli Studi di Roma La Sapienza, Italy.
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