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Wang Y, Xu Z, Wu KL, Yu L, Wang C, Ding H, Gao Y, Sun H, Wu YH, Xia M, Chen Y, Xiao H. Siglec-15/sialic acid axis as a central glyco-immune checkpoint in breast cancer bone metastasis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2312929121. [PMID: 38252825 PMCID: PMC10835054 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2312929121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy is a promising approach for treating metastatic breast cancer (MBC), offering new possibilities for therapy. While checkpoint inhibitors have shown great progress in the treatment of metastatic breast cancer, their effectiveness in patients with bone metastases has been disappointing. This lack of efficacy seems to be specific to the bone environment, which exhibits immunosuppressive features. In this study, we elucidate the multiple roles of the sialic acid-binding Ig-like lectin (Siglec)-15/sialic acid glyco-immune checkpoint axis in the bone metastatic niche and explore potential therapeutic strategies targeting this glyco-immune checkpoint. Our research reveals that elevated levels of Siglec-15 in the bone metastatic niche can promote tumor-induced osteoclastogenesis as well as suppress antigen-specific T cell responses. Next, we demonstrate that antibody blockade of the Siglec-15/sialic acid glyco-immune checkpoint axis can act as a potential treatment for breast cancer bone metastasis. By targeting this pathway, we not only aim to treat bone metastasis but also inhibit the spread of metastatic cancer cells from bone lesions to other organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixian Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX77005
| | - Zhan Xu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX77030
| | - Kuan-Lin Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX77005
| | - Liqun Yu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX77030
| | - Chenhang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX77005
| | - Haoxue Ding
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX77005
| | - Yang Gao
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX77030
| | - Han Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX77005
| | - Yi-Hsuan Wu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX77030
| | - Meng Xia
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX77005
| | - Yuda Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX77005
| | - Han Xiao
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX77005
- Department of Biosciences, Rice University, Houston, TX77005
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX77005
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2
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Angata T, Varki A. Discovery, classification, evolution and diversity of Siglecs. Mol Aspects Med 2023; 90:101117. [PMID: 35989204 PMCID: PMC9905256 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2022.101117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily proteins play diverse roles in vertebrates, including regulation of cellular responses by sensing endogenous or exogenous ligands. Siglecs are a family of glycan-recognizing proteins belonging to the Ig superfamily (i.e., I-type lectins). Siglecs are expressed on various leukocyte types and are involved in diverse aspects of immunity, including the regulation of inflammatory responses, leukocyte proliferation, host-microbe interaction, and cancer immunity. Sialoadhesin/Siglec-1, CD22/Siglec-2, and myelin-associated glycoprotein/Siglec-4 were among the first to be characterized as members of the Siglec family, and along with Siglec-15, they are relatively well-conserved among tetrapods. Conversely, CD33/Siglec-3-related Siglecs (CD33rSiglecs, so named as they show high sequence similarity with CD33/Siglec-3) are encoded in a gene cluster with many interspecies variations and even intraspecies variations within some lineages such as humans. The rapid evolution of CD33rSiglecs expressed on leukocytes involved in innate immunity likely reflects the selective pressure by pathogens that interact and possibly exploit these Siglecs. Human Siglecs have several additional unique and/or polymorphic properties as compared with closely related great apes, changes possibly related to the loss of the sialic acid Neu5Gc, another distinctly human event in sialobiology. Multiple changes in human CD33rSiglecs compared to great apes include many examples of human-specific expression in non-immune cells, coinciding with human-specific diseases involving such cell types. Some Siglec gene polymorphisms have dual consequences-beneficial in a situation but detrimental in another. The association of human Siglec gene polymorphisms with several infectious and non-infectious diseases likely reflects the ongoing competition between the host and microbial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Angata
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Ajit Varki
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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3
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Abstract
Siglecs are a family of immunomodulatory cell surface receptors present on white blood cells. Binding to cell surface sialic acid-containing glycans modulates the proximity of Siglecs to other receptors that they regulate. This proximity is key to enabling signaling motifs on the cytosolic domain of Siglecs to modulate immune responses. Given the important roles that Siglecs play in helping to maintain immune homeostasis, a better understanding of their glycan ligands is needed to elucidate their roles in health and disease. A common approach for probing Siglec ligands on cells is to use soluble versions of the recombinant Siglecs in conjunction with flow cytometry. Flow cytometry has many advantages in enabling the relative levels of Siglec ligands between cell types to be rapidly quantified. Here, a step-by-step protocol is described on how to detect Siglec ligands most sensitively and accurately on cells by flow cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward N Schmidt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Jaesoo Jung
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Matthew S Macauley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
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4
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Liu G, Hao M, Zeng B, Liu M, Wang J, Sun S, Liu C, Huilian C. Sialic acid and food allergies: The link between nutrition and immunology. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:3880-3906. [PMID: 36369942 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2136620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Food allergies (FA), a major public health problem recognized by the World Health Organization, affect an estimated 3%-10% of adults and 8% of children worldwide. However, effective treatments for FA are still lacking. Recent advances in glycoimmunology have demonstrated the great potential of sialic acids (SAs) in the treatment of FA. SAs are a group of nine-carbon α-ketoacids usually linked to glycoproteins and glycolipids as terminal glycans. They play an essential role in modulating immune responses and may be an effective target for FA intervention. As exogenous food components, sialylated polysaccharides have anti-FA effects. In contrast, as endogenous components, SAs on immunoglobulin E and immune cell surfaces contribute to the pathogenesis of FA. Given the lack of comprehensive information on the effects of SAs on FA, we reviewed the roles of endogenous and exogenous SAs in the pathogenesis and treatment of FA. In addition, we considered the structure-function relationship of SAs to provide a theoretical basis for the development of SA-based FA treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guirong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Mengzhen Hao
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Binghui Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Manman Liu
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Junjuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shanfeng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Changqi Liu
- School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, College of Health and Human Services, San Diego State University, California, United States of America
| | - Che Huilian
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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5
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Prescher H, Schweizer A, Frank M, Kuhfeldt E, Ring J, Nitschke L. Targeting Human CD22/Siglec-2 with Dimeric Sialosides as Novel Oligosaccharide Mimetics. J Med Chem 2022; 65:10588-10610. [PMID: 35881556 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Significant interest in the development of high-affinity ligands for Siglecs exists due to the various therapeutically relevant functions of these proteins. Here, we report a new strategy to develop and design Siglec ligands as disialyl-oligosaccharide mimetics exemplified on Siglec-2 (CD22). We report insights into development of dimeric ligands with high affinity and avidity to cell surface-expressed CD22, assay development, tool compounds, structure activity relationships, and biological data on calcium flux regulation in B-cells. The binding modes of selected ligands have been modeled based on state-of-the-art molecular dynamics simulations on the microsecond timescale, providing detailed views on ligand binding and opening a new perspective on drug design efforts for Siglecs. High-avidity dimeric ligands containing a linker opening the way towards bispecifics are presented as well.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Astrid Schweizer
- Chair of Genetics, Department of Biology, University of Erlangen, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Martin Frank
- Biognos AB, Generatorsgatan 1, 40274 Göteborg, Sweden
| | | | - Julia Ring
- Chair of Genetics, Department of Biology, University of Erlangen, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lars Nitschke
- Chair of Genetics, Department of Biology, University of Erlangen, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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Soluble SIGLEC5: A New Prognosis Marker in Colorectal Cancer Patients. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13153896. [PMID: 34359797 PMCID: PMC8345516 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13153896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Amongst colorectal cancers, there is significant heterogeneity, which hinders the search for a single disease detection approach. Clinical prognostic markers are urgently needed. The aim of our prospective study was to analyse the possible role of pre-operative soluble SIGLEC5 plasma levels in patient prognosis and evolution. In a cohort of 114 patients with colorectal cancer, our data confirmed the relevance of soluble SIGLEC5 levels as a prognosis marker and exitus predictor. Altogether, our data indicate that levels of this protein could be a novel and promising biomarker for patients with colorectal cancer. Abstract Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most deadly and third most commonly diagnosed cancer worldwide. There is significant heterogeneity among patients with CRC, which hinders the search for a standard approach for the detection of this disease. Therefore, the identification of robust prognostic markers for patients with CRC represents an urgent clinical need. In search of such biomarkers, a total of 114 patients with colorectal cancer and 67 healthy participants were studied. Soluble SIGLEC5 (sSIGLEC5) levels were higher in plasma from patients with CRC compared with healthy volunteers. Additionally, sSIGLEC5 levels were higher in exitus than in survivors, and the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed sSIGLEC5 to be an exitus predictor (area under the curve 0.853; cut-off > 412.6 ng/mL) in these patients. A Kaplan–Meier analysis showed that patients with high levels of sSIGLEC5 had significantly shorter overall survival (hazard ratio 15.68; 95% CI 4.571–53.81; p ≤ 0.0001) than those with lower sSIGLEC5 levels. Our study suggests that sSIGLEC5 is a soluble prognosis marker and exitus predictor in CRC.
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7
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Smith BAH, Bertozzi CR. The clinical impact of glycobiology: targeting selectins, Siglecs and mammalian glycans. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2021; 20:217-243. [PMID: 33462432 PMCID: PMC7812346 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-020-00093-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Carbohydrates - namely glycans - decorate every cell in the human body and most secreted proteins. Advances in genomics, glycoproteomics and tools from chemical biology have made glycobiology more tractable and understandable. Dysregulated glycosylation plays a major role in disease processes from immune evasion to cognition, sparking research that aims to target glycans for therapeutic benefit. The field is now poised for a boom in drug development. As a harbinger of this activity, glycobiology has already produced several drugs that have improved human health or are currently being translated to the clinic. Focusing on three areas - selectins, Siglecs and glycan-targeted antibodies - this Review aims to tell the stories behind therapies inspired by glycans and to outline how the lessons learned from these approaches are paving the way for future glycobiology-focused therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin A H Smith
- Department of Chemical & Systems Biology and ChEM-H, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Carolyn R Bertozzi
- Department of Chemical & Systems Biology and ChEM-H, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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8
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Expression and functionality of allergenic genes regulated by simulated gastric juice in Anisakis pegreffii. Parasitol Int 2020; 80:102223. [PMID: 33137497 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2020.102223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
To better understand the molecular mechanisms underlying allergens and parasite immunity and discover the stage-enriched gene expression of fish-borne zoonotic nematodes in the stomach, we used RNA-seq to study the transcriptome profiles of Anisakis pegreffii (Nematoda: Anisakidae, AP) in simulated gastric juice. Mobile L3 larvae were incubated in simulated medium at 37 °C in 5% CO2 (AP-GJ) and the control group larvae were collected in PBS under the same conditions (AP-PBS). We found that the sequences of A. pegreffii were highly similar to Toxocara canis sequences. Among the transcripts, there would be 138 up-regulated putative genes and 251 down-regulated putative genes in AP-GJ group. Several lipid binging-related genes were more highly expressed in AP-GJ larvae. Moreover, 17 allergen genes were up-regulated and 29 were down-regulated in AP-GJ larvae. Eleven allergen genes belonged to one or more of the following three categories: biological process, cellular component, and molecular function. According to KEGG analysis, the main pathways that were represented included protein processing in transcription, immune system, cancer, and infectious disease. In particular, the most significant changes in the expression of parasite-derived allergen products occurred in AP-GJ larvae. This study helps us to extend our understanding of the biology of the fish-borne zoonotic parasite A. pegreffii and could be helpful for more precise risk assessment and providing guidelines for allergic consumers.
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9
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Abstract
Sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-type lectins (Siglecs) are expressed on the majority of white blood cells of the immune system and play critical roles in immune cell signaling. Through recognition of sialic acid-containing glycans as ligands, they help the immune system distinguish between self and nonself. Because of their restricted cell type expression and roles as checkpoints in immune cell responses in human diseases such as cancer, asthma, allergy, neurodegeneration, and autoimmune diseases they have gained attention as targets for therapeutic interventions. In this review we describe the Siglec family, its roles in regulation of immune cell signaling, current efforts to define its roles in disease processes, and approaches to target Siglecs for treatment of human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiteng Duan
- Departments of Molecular Medicine, and Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California 92037, USA;
| | - James C Paulson
- Departments of Molecular Medicine, and Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California 92037, USA;
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10
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Chang LY, Low PY, Sridharan D, Gerlovin K, Angata T. Preparation of Recombinant Siglecs and Identification of Their Ligands. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2132:85-98. [PMID: 32306317 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0430-4_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Siglecs are transmembrane receptor-like vertebrate lectins that recognize glycans containing sialic acid. Most Siglecs also interact with intracellular signal transduction molecules, and modulate immune responses. Recombinant soluble Siglecs fused with the fragment crystallizable (Fc) region of immunoglobulin G (Siglec-Fc) are a versatile tool for the investigation of Siglec functions. We describe protocols for the production of recombinant Siglec-Fc, the analysis of expression of Siglec ligands by flow cytometry, and the identification of the Siglec ligand candidates based on proximity labeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan-Yi Chang
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Penk Yeir Low
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Deepa Sridharan
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kaia Gerlovin
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Takashi Angata
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
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11
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Zhao C, Matsushita T, Ha Nguyen VT, Tennichi M, Fujimoto M, Takehara K, Hamaguchi Y. CD22 and CD72 contribute to the development of scleroderma in a murine model. J Dermatol Sci 2019; 97:66-76. [PMID: 31883832 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2019.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a systemic autoimmune disease that is characterized by excessive fibrosis. CD22 and CD72 are B cell-specific cell surface molecules that negatively regulate B cell function. OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to investigate the roles of CD22 and CD72 in a murine scleroderma model. METHODS The experimental fibrosis model was generated by subcutaneous injection of bleomycin or hypochlorous acid (HOCL) into wild-type (WT), CD22-deficient (CD22-/-), CD72-deficient (CD72-/-) and CD22 and CD72 double-deficient (CD22-/-/CD72-/-) mice. We histologically assessed skin fibrosis and inflammatory cell infiltration. Cytokine and chemokine expression levels were measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS The severity of fibrosis in the skin and lung was significantly less in CD22-/-, CD72-/-, and CD22-/-/CD72-/- mice than in WT mice in the bleomycin-induced model. In the skin of bleomycin-treated mice, the numbers of CD3+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, and F4/80+ macrophages were significantly lower in CD22-/-, CD72-/-, and CD22-/-/CD72-/- mice than in WT mice. The expression levels of mRNAs for IL-6, TNF-α, TGF-β, CTGF, IL-1β, IL-13, CXCL2, and ICAM-1 were significantly lower in CD22-/-, CD72-/-, and CD22-/-/CD72-/- mice than in WT mice. In the HOCL-induced model, both skin and lung fibrosis were ameliorated in CD22-/-, CD72-/- and CD22-/-/CD72-/- mice compared to WT mice. CONCLUSION These results indicate that CD22 and CD72 likely play crucial roles in skin and lung fibrosis. Moreover, the inhibition of CD22 and CD72 function has potential as a therapeutic approach to SSc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Takashi Matsushita
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Vinh Thi Ha Nguyen
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Momoko Tennichi
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Manabu Fujimoto
- Department of Dermatology, Course of Integrated Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Takehara
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Yasuhito Hamaguchi
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan.
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12
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Enterina JR, Jung J, Macauley MS. Coordinated roles for glycans in regulating the inhibitory function of CD22 on B cells. Biomed J 2019; 42:218-232. [PMID: 31627864 PMCID: PMC6818156 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2019.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
CD22 is an inhibitory B cell co-receptor that recognizes sialic acid-containing glycoconjugates as ligands. Interactions with its glycan ligands are key to regulating the ability of CD22 to modulate B cell function, the most widely explored of which is antagonizing B cell receptor (BCR) signaling. Most importantly, interactions of CD22 with ligands on the same cell (cis) control the organization of CD22 on the cell surface, which minimizes co-localization with the BCR. In contrast with the modest ability of CD22 to intrinsically dampen BCR signaling, glycan ligands presented on another cell (trans) along with an antigen drawn CD22 and the BCR together within an immunological synapse, strongly inhibiting BCR signaling. New concepts are emerging for how CD22 controls B cell function, such as changes in glycosylation at different stages of B cell differentiation, specifically on GC B cells. Related to these changes, new players, such galectin-9, have been discovered that regulate cell surface nanoclusters of CD22. Roles of glycan ligands in controlling CD22 are the primary focus of this review as we highlight the ability of CD22 to modulate B cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhon R Enterina
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Jaesoo Jung
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Matthew S Macauley
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
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13
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CD22 and CD72 cooperatively contribute to the development of the reverse Arthus reaction model. J Dermatol Sci 2019; 95:36-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2019.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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14
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CD33 (Siglec-3) Inhibitory Function: Role in the NKG2D/DAP10 Activating Pathway. J Immunol Res 2019; 2019:6032141. [PMID: 31143782 PMCID: PMC6501159 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6032141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 12/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
CD33 (siglec-3), a well-known target in leukemia therapy, is an inhibitory sialoadhesin expressed in human leukocytes of the myeloid lineage and some lymphoid subsets, including NK cells. It may constitute a control mechanism of the innate immune system; nevertheless, its role as an inhibitory receptor remains elusive. Using human NK cells as a cellular model, we analyzed CD33 inhibitory function upon different activating receptors. In high-cytotoxicity NKL cells, CD33 displayed a prominent inhibition on cytotoxicity triggered by the activating receptors NKG2D and, in a lower extent, 2B4, whereas it did not inhibit NKp46-induced cytotoxicity. NKp46 was partially inhibited by CD33 only when low-cytotoxicity NKL cells were tested. CD33 triggering did not inhibit IFN-γ secretion, contrasting with ILT-2 and CD94/NKG2A inhibitory receptors that inhibited cytotoxicity and IFN-γ secretion induced by all activating receptors tested. CD33-mediated inhibition of NKG2D-induced triggering involved Vav1 dephosphorylation. Our results support the role of CD33 as an inhibitory receptor preferentially regulating the NKG2D/DAP10 cytotoxic signaling pathway, which could be involved in self-tolerance and tumor and infected cell recognition.
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15
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Abstract
Sialic acids are cytoprotectors, mainly localized on the surface of cell membranes with multiple and outstanding cell biological functions. The history of their structural analysis, occurrence, and functions is fascinating and described in this review. Reports from different researchers on apparently similar substances from a variety of biological materials led to the identification of a 9-carbon monosaccharide, which in 1957 was designated "sialic acid." The most frequently occurring member of the sialic acid family is N-acetylneuraminic acid, followed by N-glycolylneuraminic acid and O-acetylated derivatives, and up to now over about 80 neuraminic acid derivatives have been described. They appeared first in the animal kingdom, ranging from echinoderms up to higher animals, in many microorganisms, and are also expressed in insects, but are absent in higher plants. Sialic acids are masks and ligands and play as such dual roles in biology. Their involvement in immunology and tumor biology, as well as in hereditary diseases, cannot be underestimated. N-Glycolylneuraminic acid is very special, as this sugar cannot be expressed by humans, but is a xenoantigen with pathogenetic potential. Sialidases (neuraminidases), which liberate sialic acids from cellular compounds, had been known from very early on from studies with influenza viruses. Sialyltransferases, which are responsible for the sialylation of glycans and elongation of polysialic acids, are studied because of their significance in development and, for instance, in cancer. As more information about the functions in health and disease is acquired, the use of sialic acids in the treatment of diseases is also envisaged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Schauer
- Biochemisches Institut, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
| | - Johannis P Kamerling
- Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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16
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Song KJ, Jeon SK, Moon SB, Park JS, Kim JS, Kim J, Kim S, An HJ, Ko JH, Kim YS. Lectin from Sambucus sieboldiana abrogates the anoikis resistance of colon cancer cells conferred by N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase V during hematogenous metastasis. Oncotarget 2018; 8:42238-42251. [PMID: 28178684 PMCID: PMC5522063 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Anoikis is a form of anchorage-dependent apoptosis, and cancer cells adopt anokis-resistance molecular machinery to conduct metastasis. Here, we report that N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase V gene expression confers anoikis resistance during cancer progression. Overexpression of N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase V protected detached cancer cells from apoptotic death, and suppression or knockout of the gene sensitized cancer cells to the apoptotic death. The gene expression also stimulated anchorage-dependent as well as anchorage-independent colony formation of cancer cells following anoikis stress treatments. Importantly, treatment with the lectin from Sambucus sieboldiana significantly sensitized anoikis-induced cancer cell deaths in vitro as well as in vivo. We propose that the lectin alone or an engineered form could offer a new therapeutic treatment option for cancer patients with advanced tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Seong Kook Jeon
- Genome Editing Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon, South Korea.,Department of Chemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Su Bin Moon
- Genome Editing Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon, South Korea.,Department of Biomolecular Science, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jin Suk Park
- Genome Editing Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon, South Korea.,Department of Biomolecular Science, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jang Seong Kim
- Biotherapeutics Translational Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon, South Korea.,Department of Biomolecular Science, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jeongkwon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Sumin Kim
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea.,Asia-Pacific Glycomics Reference Site, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Hyun Joo An
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea.,Asia-Pacific Glycomics Reference Site, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Heon Ko
- Genome Editing Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon, South Korea.,Department of Biomolecular Science, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Yong-Sam Kim
- Genome Editing Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon, South Korea.,Department of Biomolecular Science, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
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17
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A CD22-reactive TCR from the T-cell allorepertoire for the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia by TCR gene transfer. Oncotarget 2018; 7:71536-71547. [PMID: 27689397 PMCID: PMC5342099 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
CD22 is currently evaluated as a target-antigen for the treatment of B-cell malignancies using chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-engineered T-cells or monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). CAR- and mAbs-based immunotherapies have been successfully applied targeting other antigens, however, occurrence of refractory disease to these interventions urges the identification of additional strategies. Here, we identified a TCR recognizing the CD22-derived peptide RPFPPHIQL (CD22RPF) presented in human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-B*07:02. To overcome tolerance to self-antigens such as CD22, we exploited the immunogenicity of allogeneic HLA. CD22RPF-specific T-cell clone 9D4 was isolated from a healthy HLA-B*07:02neg individual, efficiently produced cytokines upon stimulation with primary acute lymphoblastic leukemia and healthy B-cells, but did not react towards healthy hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic cell subsets, including dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages expressing low levels of CD22. Gene transfer of TCR-9D4 installed potent CD22-specificity onto recipient CD8+ T-cells that recognized and lysed primary B-cell leukemia. TCR-transduced T-cells spared healthy CD22neg hematopoietic cell subsets but weakly lysed CD22low-expressing DCs and macrophages. CD22-specific TCR-engineered T-cells could form an additional immunotherapeutic strategy with a complementary role to CAR- and antibody-based interventions in the treatment of B-cell malignancies. However, CD22 expression on non-B-cells may limit the attractiveness of CD22 as target-antigen in cellular immunotherapy.
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18
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Mariño-Crespo Ó, Fernández-Briera A, Gil-Martín E. Identification of proteins with the CDw75 epitope in human colorectal cancer. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:580-587. [PMID: 29391890 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The CDw75 epitope is an α(2,6) sialylated antigen overexpressed in colorectal cancer (CRC), where its expression correlates with the progression of the disease. The CDw75 epitope is located mainly in N-glycoproteins, whose identity remains unknown. The aim of the present study was to identify proteins with the CDw75 epitope as a strategy to deepen the understanding of molecular pathogenesis of CRC and to identify novel biomarkers for this disease. For this purpose, a two-dimensional electrophoresis approach was employed. Protein spots in the gels were matched to the corresponding CDw75 positive spots in the immunoblotted polyvinylidene difluoride membranes, and further identification of the protein species was performed by mass spectrometry. Additionally, one-dimensional western blotting experiments were performed to verify the expression of these candidate proteins in the colorectal tissue and their coincidence in molecular mass with the CDw75-positive bands. The findings of the present study indicate that haptoglobin and the keratins 8 (K8) and 18 (K18) are proteins with the CDw75 epitope in the colorectal tissue from CRC patients and also suggest novel functions and cellular locations for these proteins in the colorectal tissue and in relation to CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Óscar Mariño-Crespo
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Immunology, Biomedical Research Center (CINBIO, 'Centro Singular de Investigación de Galicia'), University of Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Almudena Fernández-Briera
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Immunology, Biomedical Research Center (CINBIO, 'Centro Singular de Investigación de Galicia'), University of Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Emilio Gil-Martín
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Immunology, Biomedical Research Center (CINBIO, 'Centro Singular de Investigación de Galicia'), University of Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
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19
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Proximity labeling of cis-ligands of CD22/Siglec-2 reveals stepwise α2,6 sialic acid-dependent and -independent interactions. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 495:854-859. [PMID: 29146181 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.11.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Lectins expressed on the cell surface are often bound and regulated by the membrane molecules containing the glycan ligands on the same cell (cis-ligands). However, molecular nature and function of cis-ligands are generally poorly understood partly because of weak interaction between lectins and glycan ligands. Cis-ligands are most extensively studied in CD22 (also known as Siglec-2), an inhibitory B lymphocyte receptor specifically recognizing α2,6 sialic acids. CD22, CD45 and IgM are suggested to be ligands of CD22. Here we labeled molecules in the proximity of CD22 in situ on B cell surface using biotin-tyramide. Molecules including CD22, CD45 and IgM were labeled in wild-type but not ST6GalI-/- B cells that lack α2,6 sialic acids, indicating that these molecules associate with CD22 by lectin-glycan interaction, and are therefore cis-ligands. In ST6GalI-/- B cells, these cis-ligands are located in a slightly more distance from CD22. Thus, the lectin-glycan interaction recruits cis-ligands already located in the relative proximity of CD22 through non-lectin-glycan interaction to the close proximity. Moreover, cis-ligands are labeled in Cmah-/- B cells that lack Neu5Gc preferred by mouse CD22 as efficiently as in wild-type B cells, indicating that very low affinity lectin-glycan interaction is sufficient for recruiting cis-ligands, and can be detected by proximity labeling. Thus, proximity labeling with tyramide appears to be a useful method to identify cis-ligands and to analyze their interaction with the lectins.
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20
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Chang L, Chen YJ, Fan CY, Tang CJ, Chen YH, Low PY, Ventura A, Lin CC, Chen YJ, Angata T. Identification of Siglec Ligands Using a Proximity Labeling Method. J Proteome Res 2017; 16:3929-3941. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.7b00625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Chan-Yo Fan
- Department
of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | - Chun-Cheng Lin
- Department
of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | | | - Takashi Angata
- Institute
of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
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21
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Wasik BR, Barnard KN, Ossiboff RJ, Khedri Z, Feng KH, Yu H, Chen X, Perez DR, Varki A, Parrish CR. Distribution of O-Acetylated Sialic Acids among Target Host Tissues for Influenza Virus. mSphere 2017; 2:e00379-16. [PMID: 28904995 PMCID: PMC5588038 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00379-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Sialic acids (Sias) are important glycans displayed on the cells and tissues of many different animals and are frequent targets for binding and modification by pathogens, including influenza viruses. Influenza virus hemagglutinins bind Sias during the infection of their normal hosts, while the encoded neuraminidases and/or esterases remove or modify the Sia to allow virion release or to prevent rebinding. Sias naturally occur in a variety of modified forms, and modified Sias can alter influenza virus host tropisms through their altered interactions with the viral glycoproteins. However, the distribution of modified Sia forms and their effects on pathogen-host interactions are still poorly understood. Here we used probes developed from viral Sia-binding proteins to detect O-acetylated (4-O-acetyl, 9-O-acetyl, and 7,9-O-acetyl) Sias displayed on the tissues of some natural or experimental hosts for influenza viruses. These modified Sias showed highly variable displays between the hosts and tissues examined. The 9-O-acetyl (and 7,9-) modified Sia forms were found on cells and tissues of many hosts, including mice, humans, ferrets, guinea pigs, pigs, horses, dogs, as well as in those of ducks and embryonated chicken egg tissues and membranes, although in variable amounts. The 4-O-acetyl Sias were found in the respiratory tissues of fewer animals, being primarily displayed in the horse and guinea pig, but were not detected in humans or pigs. The results suggest that these Sia variants may influence virus tropisms by altering and selecting their cell interactions. IMPORTANCE Sialic acids (Sias) are key glycans that control or modulate many normal cell and tissue functions while also interacting with a variety of pathogens, including many different viruses. Sias are naturally displayed in a variety of different forms, with modifications at several positions that can alter their functional interactions with pathogens. In addition, Sias are often modified or removed by enzymes such as host or pathogen esterases or sialidases (neuraminidases), and Sia modifications can alter those enzymatic activities to impact pathogen infections. Sia chemical diversity in different hosts and tissues likely alters the pathogen-host interactions and influences the outcome of infection. Here we explored the display of 4-O-acetyl, 9-O-acetyl, and 7,9-O-acetyl modified Sia forms in some target tissues for influenza virus infection in mice, humans, birds, guinea pigs, ferrets, swine, horses, and dogs, which encompass many natural and laboratory hosts of those viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian R. Wasik
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Karen N. Barnard
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Robert J. Ossiboff
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Animal Health Diagnostic Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Zahra Khedri
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Kurtis H. Feng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Hai Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Daniel R. Perez
- Department of Population Health, Poultry Diagnostic and Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Ajit Varki
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Colin R. Parrish
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
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22
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Abstract
Many Siglecs function as inhibitory receptors on innate and adaptive immune cells and may contribute to the attenuation of immune responses to tumors. Siglec 9 on neutrophils and Siglec 7 on NK cells are prominent examples of inhibitory Siglecs that can potentially dampen anti-tumor immunity. CD169 is a Siglec that may function as an adhesion molecule and a facilitator of the recognition and internalization of sialic acid decorated apoptotic bodies and exosomes derived from tumors. It can potentially contribute to both the attenuation as well as the facilitation of anti-tumor immunity. Siglecs have been best studied in the tumor context in animal models of cancer. Modulators of Siglec function are likely to be developed and investigated clinically in a cancer context over the next few years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Fraschilla
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Shiv Pillai
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA
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23
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Prescher H, Schweizer A, Kuhfeldt E, Nitschke L, Brossmer R. New Human CD22/Siglec-2 Ligands with a Triazole Glycoside. Chembiochem 2017; 18:1216-1225. [PMID: 28374962 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201600707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
CD22 is a member of the Siglec family. Considerable attention has been drawn to the design and synthesis of new Siglec ligands to explore target biology and innovative therapies. In particular, CD22-ligand-targeted nanoparticles with therapeutic functions have proved successful in preclinical settings for blood cancers, autoimmune diseases, and tolerance induction. Here we report the design, synthesis and affinity evaluation of a new class of Siglec ligands: namely sialic acid derivatives with a triazole moiety replacing the natural glycoside oxygen atom. In addition, we describe important and surprising differences in binding to CD22 expressed at the cell surface for compounds with distinct valences. The new class of compounds might serve as a template for the design of ligands for other members of the Siglec family and next-generation CD22-ligand-based targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Astrid Schweizer
- Division of Genetics, Department of Biology, University of Erlangen, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Lars Nitschke
- Division of Genetics, Department of Biology, University of Erlangen, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Reinhard Brossmer
- Biochemistry Center, University of Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,G3-BioTec, 69207, Sandhausen, Germany
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24
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Akatsu C, Shinagawa K, Numoto N, Liu Z, Ucar AK, Aslam M, Phoon S, Adachi T, Furukawa K, Ito N, Tsubata T. CD72 negatively regulates B lymphocyte responses to the lupus-related endogenous toll-like receptor 7 ligand Sm/RNP. J Exp Med 2016; 213:2691-2706. [PMID: 27810925 PMCID: PMC5110020 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20160560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Revised: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Akatsu and colleagues show that CD72 specifically recognizes Sm/RNP, a lupus-related self-antigen and an endogenous TLR7 ligand, and inhibits B cell responses to Sm/RNP. In mice, CD72 prevents production of anti-Sm/RNP antibodies crucial for lupus development. Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) plays an essential role in development of systemic lupus erythematosus by co-stimulating B cells reactive to the endogenous TLR7 ligand Sm/ribonucleoprotein (RNP), a crucial lupus self-antigen. However, how the TLR7-mediated autoimmune response is regulated is not yet known. In this study, we demonstrate that CD72, an inhibitory B cell co-receptor known to prevent development of lupus, recognizes Sm/RNP at the extracellular C-type lectin-like domain (CTLD) and specifically inhibits B cell response to Sm/RNP. Moreover, the CTLD of CD72c, a lupus-susceptible allele, binds to Sm/RNP less strongly than that of lupus-resistant CD72a. Reduced binding of CD72c is supported by x-ray crystallographic analysis that reveals a considerable alteration in charge at the putative ligand-binding site. Thus, CD72 appears to specifically inhibit B cell response to the endogenous TLR7 ligand Sm/RNP through CTLD-mediated recognition of Sm/RNP, thereby preventing production of anti-Sm/RNP antibody crucial for development of lupus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chizuru Akatsu
- Department of Immunology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Kenro Shinagawa
- Department of Structural Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Numoto
- Department of Structural Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Zhihong Liu
- Department of Immunology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan.,Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110001, China
| | - Ayse Konuskan Ucar
- Department of Immunology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Mohammad Aslam
- Department of Immunology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Shirly Phoon
- Department of Immunology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Takahiro Adachi
- Department of Immunology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Koji Furukawa
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan
| | - Nobutoshi Ito
- Department of Structural Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Takeshi Tsubata
- Department of Immunology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
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25
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El-Schich Z, Abdullah M, Shinde S, Dizeyi N, Rosén A, Sellergren B, Wingren AG. Different expression levels of glycans on leukemic cells-a novel screening method with molecularly imprinted polymers (MIP) targeting sialic acid. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:13763-13768. [PMID: 27476172 PMCID: PMC5097081 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-5280-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Sialic acid (SA) is normally expressed on the cell membranes and is located at the terminal position of the sugar chains. SA plays an important role for regulation of the innate immunity, function as markers of the cells and can be recognized by a variety of receptors. Interestingly, the level of SA expression is increased on metastatic cancer cells. The availability of specific antibodies against SA is limited and, therefore, biomarker tools for detection of SA are lacking. We have recently presented a novel method for specific fluorescence labeling of SA molecular imprinted polymers (MIP). Here, we have performed an extended screening of SA expression by using SA-MIP and included four different chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cell lines, conveniently analyzed by flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy. SA expression was detected in four cell lines at different levels, and the SA expression were verified with lectin-FITC. These results show that SA-MIP can be used as a plastic antibody for detection of SA using both flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy. We suggest that SA-MIP can be used for screening of different tumor cells of various stages, including CLL cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra El-Schich
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Society, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden.
| | - Mohammad Abdullah
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Society, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Sudhirkumar Shinde
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Society, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Nishtman Dizeyi
- Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Anders Rosén
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Cell Biology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Börje Sellergren
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Society, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Anette Gjörloff Wingren
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Society, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
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26
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Bagdonaite I, Wandall HH, Litvinov IV, Nastasi C, Becker JC, Dabelsteen S, Geisler C, Bonefeld CM, Zhang Q, Wasik MA, Zhou Y, Sasseville D, Ødum N, Woetmann A. Ectopic expression of a novel CD22 splice-variant regulates survival and proliferation in malignant T cells from cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL) patients. Oncotarget 2016; 6:14374-84. [PMID: 25957418 PMCID: PMC4546473 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
CD22 is a member of the Sialic acid-binding Ig-like lectin (Siglec) family of lectins described to be exclusively present in B lymphocytes and B cell-derived neoplasms. Here, we describe a novel splice form of CD22 (designated CD22âN), which lacks the N-terminal domain as demonstrated by exon-specific RT-PCR and differential recognition by anti-CD22 antibodies. Importantly, CD22âN mRNA is expressed in skin lesions from 39 out of 60 patients with cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL), whereas few patients (6 out of 60) expresses full-length, wild type CD22 (CD22wt). In addition, IHC staining of tumor biopsies confirmed the expression of CD22 in CD4+ T cells. Moreover, four out of four malignant T cell lines express CD22: Two cell lines express CD22âN (MyLa2059 and PB2B) and two express CD22wt (MAC-1 and MAC-2A). siRNA-mediated silencing of CD22 impairs proliferation and survival of malignant T cells, demonstrating a functional role for both CD22âN and CD22wt in these cells.In conclusion, we provide the first evidence for an ectopic expression of CD22 and a novel splice variant regulating malignant proliferation and survival in CTCL. Analysis of expression and function of CD22 in cutaneous lymphomas may form the basis for development of novel targeted therapies for our patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ieva Bagdonaite
- Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hans H Wandall
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ivan V Litvinov
- Division of Dermatology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Claudia Nastasi
- Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jürgen C Becker
- General Dermatology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Sally Dabelsteen
- Department of Oral Medicine and Pathology, School of Dentistry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Carsten Geisler
- Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Charlotte M Bonefeld
- Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Mariusz A Wasik
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Youwen Zhou
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Denis Sasseville
- Division of Dermatology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Niels Ødum
- Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders Woetmann
- Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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27
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Macauley MS, Crocker PR, Paulson JC. Siglec-mediated regulation of immune cell function in disease. Nat Rev Immunol 2014; 14:653-66. [PMID: 25234143 DOI: 10.1038/nri3737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 714] [Impact Index Per Article: 71.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
All mammalian cells display a diverse array of glycan structures that differ from those that are found on microbial pathogens. Siglecs are a family of sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like receptors that participate in the discrimination between self and non-self, and that regulate the function of cells in the innate and adaptive immune systems through the recognition of their glycan ligands. In this Review, we describe the recent advances in our understanding of the roles of Siglecs in the regulation of immune cell function in infectious diseases, inflammation, neurodegeneration, autoimmune diseases and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew S Macauley
- Departments of Cell and Molecular Biology, Immunology and Microbial Science, and Physiological Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Paul R Crocker
- Division of Cell Signalling and Immunology, Wellcome Trust Building, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - James C Paulson
- Departments of Cell and Molecular Biology, Immunology and Microbial Science, and Physiological Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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28
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Angata T. Associations of genetic polymorphisms of Siglecs with human diseases. Glycobiology 2014; 24:785-93. [PMID: 24841380 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwu043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic polymorphism studies in humans provide unique opportunities to understand human biology and the mechanisms of diseases. Correlations between polymorphisms in the genes encoding human Siglecs and various diseases have been reported. Leading examples, such as the CD33 polymorphism associated with late-onset Alzheimer's disease, are well supported by genetic replication and mechanistic studies, while some others (such as SIGLEC8 polymorphism associated with bronchial asthma and SIGLEC14 polymorphism associated with exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) may benefit reinforcement by independent genetic replication or mechanistic studies. In a few cases, such as MAG polymorphism associated with psychological disorder and CD22 polymorphism associated with autoimmune disease, the phenotype associated with a genetic polymorphism of a Siglec gene and that of an enzyme gene involved in the biosynthesis of Siglec ligand show some overlap, providing indirect support for the observed genotype-phenotype association. Although studies using engineered mutant mice have provided invaluable insights into the biological functions and mechanisms of diseases, it is not always possible to develop appropriate mouse model to replicate human situations because of significant species-to-species differences, which can be a major obstacle in understanding the biology of some of human CD33/Siglec-3-related Siglecs. Further studies in genetic polymorphisms of human Siglecs, combined with appropriate functional studies, may reveal unexpected biological roles of human Siglecs, and identify possible targets for prevention and/or treatment of certain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Angata
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang District, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
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Cummings RD, Pierce JM. The challenge and promise of glycomics. CHEMISTRY & BIOLOGY 2014; 21:1-15. [PMID: 24439204 PMCID: PMC3955176 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2013.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 277] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2013] [Revised: 12/27/2013] [Accepted: 12/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Glycomics is a broad and emerging scientific discipline focused on defining the structures and functional roles of glycans in biological systems. The staggering complexity of the glycome, minimally defined as the repertoire of glycans expressed in a cell or organism, has resulted in many challenges that must be overcome; these are being addressed by new advances in mass spectrometry as well as by the expansion of genetic and cell biology studies. Conversely, identifying the specific glycan recognition determinants of glycan-binding proteins by employing the new technology of glycan microarrays is providing insights into how glycans function in recognition and signaling within an organism and with microbes and pathogens. The promises of a more complete knowledge of glycomes are immense in that glycan modifications of intracellular and extracellular proteins have critical functions in almost all biological pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard D Cummings
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory Glycomics Center, Emory University School of Medicine, 1510 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| | - J Michael Pierce
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
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Abstract
Why exactly some individuals develop autoimmune disorders remains unclear. The broadly accepted paradigm is that genetic susceptibility results in some break in immunological tolerance, may enhance the availability of autoantigens, and may enhance inflammatory responses. Some environmental insults that occur on this background of susceptibility may then contribute to autoimmunity. In this review we discuss some aspects related to inhibitory signaling and rare genetic variants, as well as additional factors that might contribute to autoimmunity including the possible role of clonal somatic mutations, the role of epigenetic events and the contribution of the intestinal microbiome. Genetic susceptibility alleles generally contribute to the loss of immunological tolerance, the increased availability of autoantigens, or an increase in inflammation. Apart from common genetic variants, rare loss-of-function genetic variants may also contribute to the pathogenesis of autoimmunity. Studies of an inhibitory signaling pathway in B cells helped identify a negative regulatory enzyme called sialic acid acetyl esterase. The study of rare genetic variants of this enzyme provides an illustrative example showing the importance of detailed functional analyses of variant alleles and the need to exclude functionally normal common or rare genetic variants from analysis. It has also become clear that pathways that are functionally impacted by either common or rare defective variants can also be more significantly compromised by gene expression changes that may result from epigenetic alterations. Another important and evolving area that has been discussed relates to the role of the intestinal microbiome in influencing helper T cell polarization and the development of autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiv Pillai
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Center for Cancer Research, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA.
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Abstract
CD22 is a 140-kDa member of the Siglec family of cell surface proteins that is expressed by most mature B-cell lineages. As a co-receptor of the B-cell receptor (BCR), it is known to contribute to the sensitive control of the B-cell response to antigen. Cross-linking of CD22 and the BCR by antigen triggers the phosphorylation of CD22, which leads to activation of signaling molecules such as phosphatases. Signal transduction pathways involving CD22 have been explored in a number of mouse models, some of which have provided evidence that in the absence of functional CD22, B cells have a "hyperactivated" phenotype, and suggest that loss of CD22 function could contribute to the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. Modulating CD22 activity has therefore been suggested as a possible therapeutic approach to such diseases. For example, the novel CD22-targeting monoclonal antibody epratuzumab is currently under investigation as a treatment for the connective tissue disorder systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Dörner
- Charité University Medicine Berlin, CC12, Dept. Medicine/Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology and German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany.
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Abstract
Sialic acids are a diverse family of monosaccharides widely expressed on all cell surfaces of vertebrates and so-called "higher" invertebrates, and on certain bacteria that interact with vertebrates. This overview surveys examples of biological roles of sialic acids in immunity, with emphasis on an evolutionary perspective. Given the breadth of the subject, the treatment of individual topics is brief. Subjects discussed include biophysical effects regulation of factor H; modulation of leukocyte trafficking via selectins; Siglecs in immune cell activation; sialic acids as ligands for microbes; impact of microbial and endogenous sialidases on immune cell responses; pathogen molecular mimicry of host sialic acids; Siglec recognition of sialylated pathogens; bacteriophage recognition of microbial sialic acids; polysialic acid modulation of immune cells; sialic acids as pathogen decoys or biological masks; modulation of immunity by sialic acid O-acetylation; sialic acids as antigens and xeno-autoantigens; antisialoglycan antibodies in reproductive incompatibility; and sialic-acid-based blood groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajit Varki
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center, Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, 92093-0687, USA.
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Pujari R, Eligar SM, Kumar N, Nagre NN, Inamdar SR, Swamy BM, Shastry P. CD45-mediated signaling pathway is involved in Rhizoctonia bataticola lectin (RBL)-induced proliferation and Th1/Th2 cytokine secretion in human PBMC. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012; 419:708-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.02.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2012] [Accepted: 02/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Paulson JC, Macauley MS, Kawasaki N. Siglecs as sensors of self in innate and adaptive immune responses. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2012; 1253:37-48. [PMID: 22288608 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2011.06362.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Siglecs are expressed on most white blood cells of the immune system and are known to modulate the activity of cell signaling receptors via regulatory motifs in their cytoplasmic domains. This immunoglobulin subfamily of coreceptors recognize sialic acid containing glycans as ligands, which are found on glycoproteins and glycolipids of all mammalian cells. By virtue of their ability to recognize this common structural element, siglecs are increasingly recognized for their ability to help immune cells distinguish between self and nonself, and dampen autoimmune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- James C Paulson
- Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.
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Abstract
Sialic acid-binding Ig-like lectins, or Siglecs, vary in their specificity for sialic acid-containing ligands and are mainly expressed by cells of the immune system. Many Siglecs are inhibitory receptors expressed in innate immune cells that regulate inflammation mediated by damage-associated and pathogen-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs and PAMPs). This family also includes molecules involved in adhesion and phagocytosis and receptors that can associate with the ITAM-containing DAP12 adaptor. Siglecs contribute to the inhibition of immune cells both by binding to cis ligands (expressed in the same cells) and by responding to pathogen-derived sialoglycoconjugates. They can help maintain tolerance in B lymphocytes, modulate the activation of conventional and plasmacytoid dendritic cells, and contribute to the regulation of T cell function both directly and indirectly. Siglecs modulate immune responses, influencing almost every cell in the immune system, and are of relevance both in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiv Pillai
- Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02129, USA.
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van Meerten T, Hagenbeek A. Novel antibodies against follicular non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Best Pract Res Clin Haematol 2011; 24:231-56. [PMID: 21658621 DOI: 10.1016/j.beha.2011.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody rituximab has revolutionized the treatment of patients with follicular B-cell lymphoma. With the combination of chemotherapy and rituximab the overall survival rate has increased with approximately 30%. Unfortunately, there is resistance to rituximab with relapse of the disease in about 60% of the patients during the first five years of treatment and eventually in all patients. To this end, there is a need to develop improved anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies and antibodies that target other attractive molecules expressed on the follicular lymphoma cell. This review describes the development and clinical achievements so far of next generation anti-CD20 and other antibodies in the treatment of follicular B-cell lymphoma.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/chemistry
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/classification
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use
- Antigens, CD/immunology
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- B-Lymphocytes/drug effects
- B-Lymphocytes/immunology
- B-Lymphocytes/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Combined Modality Therapy
- Humans
- Immunoconjugates/therapeutic use
- Immunotherapy/methods
- Lymphoma, Follicular/immunology
- Lymphoma, Follicular/pathology
- Lymphoma, Follicular/therapy
- Mice
- Mice, Transgenic
- Models, Animal
- Species Specificity
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom van Meerten
- Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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37
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Interaction of siglec protein with glycolipids in a lipid bilayer deposited on a gold electrode surface. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2010.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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38
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Tanaka K, Mikami M, Aoki D, Kiguchi K, Ishiwata I, Iwamori M. Expression of α2,6-sialic acid-containing and Lewis-active glycolipids in several types of human ovarian carcinomas. Oncol Lett 2010; 1:1061-1066. [PMID: 22870113 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2010.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2010] [Accepted: 08/31/2010] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
To identify glycolipid antigens associated with histologically defined types of ovarian carcinomas, we determined the amounts of α2,6-sialyl and Lewis-active glycolipids, the specific activities of the α2,3- and α2,6-sialyltransferases, and the gene expression of sugar transferases in mucinous and serous cystadenocarcinoma, clear cell adenocarcinoma and endometrioid carcinoma tissues and cell lines derived from them. α2,6-sialyl glycolipid IV(6)NeuAcα-nLc(4)Cer detected with a newly developed monoclonal antibody, Y916, was present in 5/7 serous cystadenocarcinoma cases in relatively higher amounts than those in the other carcinoma tissues. On the other hand, the amounts of Lewis-active glycolipids in serous cystadenocarcinoma tissues were lower than those in the other carcinoma tissues. No correlation was observed between the structures of Lewis glycolipids and the histological classification. The gene expression of α2,3- and α2,6-sialyltransferases and α1,3/4-fucosyltransferase for the synthesis of Lewis-active glycolipids was not positively correlated with the amounts of the respective glycolipids, probably due to the epigenetic regulation of transferases in the overall metabolic pathways for lacto-series glycolipids. However, the amounts of GM3 and GD3 with short carbohydrate chains correlated with the relative intensities of GM3 and GD3 synthase gene expression, respectively. Among ovarian carcinoma-derived cell lines, the serous cystadenocarcinoma-derived ones exhibited a lower frequency of Lewis-active glycolipid expression than the other carcinoma-derived ones, which was similar to that in the respective tissues. Thus, malignancy-related Lewis-active glycolipids were shown to be regulated in different modes in ovarian serous cystadenocarcinomas and the other carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoko Tanaka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo 160-8582
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39
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Townsend MJ, Monroe JG, Chan AC. B-cell targeted therapies in human autoimmune diseases: an updated perspective. Immunol Rev 2010; 237:264-83. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-065x.2010.00945.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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40
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Nakashima H, Hamaguchi Y, Watanabe R, Ishiura N, Kuwano Y, Okochi H, Takahashi Y, Tamaki K, Sato S, Tedder TF, Fujimoto M. CD22 expression mediates the regulatory functions of peritoneal B-1a cells during the remission phase of contact hypersensitivity reactions. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2010; 184:4637-45. [PMID: 20335532 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0901719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Although contact hypersensitivity (CHS) has been considered a prototype of T cell-mediated immune reactions, recently a significant contribution of regulatory B cell subsets in the suppression of CHS has been demonstrated. CD22, one of the sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectins, is a B cell-specific molecule that negatively regulates BCR signaling. To clarify the roles of B cells in CHS, CHS in CD22(-/-) mice was investigated. CD22(-/-) mice showed delayed recovery from CHS reactions compared with that of wild-type mice. Transfer of wild-type peritoneal B-1a cells reversed the prolonged CHS reaction seen in CD22(-/-) mice, and this was blocked by the simultaneous injection with IL-10 receptor Ab. Although CD22(-/-) peritoneal B-1a cells were capable of producing IL-10 at wild-type levels, i.p. injection of differentially labeled wild-type/CD22(-/-) B cells demonstrated that a smaller number of CD22(-/-) B cells resided in lymphoid organs 5 d after CHS elicitation, suggesting a defect in survival or retention in activated CD22(-/-) peritoneal B-1 cells. Thus, our study reveals a regulatory role for peritoneal B-1a cells in CHS. Two distinct regulatory B cell subsets cooperatively inhibit CHS responses. Although splenic CD1d(hi)CD5(+) B cells have a crucial role in suppressing the acute exacerbating phase of CHS, peritoneal B-1a cells are likely to suppress the late remission phase as "regulatory B cells." CD22 deficiency results in disturbed CHS remission by impaired retention or survival of peritoneal B-1a cells that migrate into lymphoid organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Nakashima
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Japan
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41
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Dupéré-Minier G, Desharnais P, Bernier J. Involvement of tyrosine phosphatase CD45 in apoptosis. Apoptosis 2010; 15:1-13. [PMID: 19856105 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-009-0413-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
CD45 is a transmembrane molecule with phosphatase activity expressed in all nucleated haematopoietic cells and plays a major role in immune cells. It is a protein tyrosine phosphatase that is essential for antigen-receptor-mediated signal transduction by regulating Src family members that initiate TCR signaling. CD45 is being attributed a new emerging role as an apoptosis regulator. Cross-linking of the extracellular portion of the CD45 by monoclonal antibodies and by galectin-1, can induce apoptosis in T and B cells. Interestingly, this phosphatase has also been involved in nuclear apoptosis induced by mitochondrial perturbing agents. Furthermore, it is involved in apoptosis induced by HIV-1. CD45 defect is implicated in various diseases such as severe-combined immunodeficiency disease (SCID), acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), lymphoma and multiple myelomas. The understanding of the mechanisms by which CD45 regulates apoptosis would be very useful in disease treatment.
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42
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Ramya TNC, Weerapana E, Liao L, Zeng Y, Tateno H, Liao L, Yates JR, Cravatt BF, Paulson JC. In situ trans ligands of CD22 identified by glycan-protein photocross-linking-enabled proteomics. Mol Cell Proteomics 2010; 9:1339-51. [PMID: 20172905 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m900461-mcp200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
CD22, a regulator of B-cell signaling, is a siglec that recognizes the sequence NeuAcalpha2-6Gal on glycoprotein glycans as ligands. CD22 interactions with glycoproteins on the same cell (in cis) and apposing cells (in trans) modulate its activity in B-cell receptor signaling. Although CD22 predominantly recognizes neighboring CD22 molecules as cis ligands on B-cells, little is known about the trans ligands on apposing cells. We conducted a proteomics scale study to identify candidate trans ligands of CD22 on B-cells by UV photocross-linking CD22-Fc chimera bound to B-cell glycoproteins engineered to carry sialic acids with a 9-aryl azide moiety. Using mass spectrometry-based quantitative proteomics to analyze the cross-linked products, 27 glycoproteins were identified as candidate trans ligands. Next, CD22 expressed on the surface of one cell was photocross-linked to glycoproteins on apposing B-cells followed by immunochemical analysis of the products with antibodies to the candidate ligands. Of the many candidate ligands, only the B-cell receptor IgM was found to be a major in situ trans ligand of CD22 that is selectively redistributed to the site of cell contact upon interaction with CD22 on the apposing cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- T N C Ramya
- Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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43
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Odaka M, Hasegawa M, Hamaguchi Y, Ishiura N, Kumada S, Matsushita T, Komura K, Sato S, Takehara K, Fujimoto M. Autoantibody-mediated regulation of B cell responses by functional anti-CD22 autoantibodies in patients with systemic sclerosis. Clin Exp Immunol 2010; 159:176-84. [PMID: 19919568 PMCID: PMC2810386 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2009.04059.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/20/2009] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies have demonstrated that B cells play important roles in systemic sclerosis (SSc), especially through the CD19/CD22 autoimmune loop. CD22 is a B cell-specific inhibitory receptor that dampens B cell antigen receptor (BCR) signalling via tyrosine phosphorylation-dependent mechanism. In this study, we examined the presence and functional property of circulating autoantibodies reacting with CD22 in systemic sclerosis. Serum samples from 10 tight skin (TSK/+) mice and 50 SSc patients were assessed for anti-CD22 autoantibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays using recombinant mouse or human CD22. The association between anti-CD22 antibodies and clinical features was also investigated in SSc patients. Furthermore, the influence of SSc serum including anti-CD22 autoantibodies for CD22 tyrosine phosphorylation was examined by Western blotting using phosphotyrosine-specific antibodies reacting with four major tyrosine motifs of CD22 cytoplasmic domain. Anti-CD22 autoantibodies were positive in 80% of TSK/+ mice and in 22% of SSc patients. Patients positive for anti-CD22 antibodies showed significantly higher modified Rodnan skin thickness score compared with patients negative for anti-CD22 antibodies. Furthermore, anti-CD22 antibodies from patients' sera were capable of reducing phosphorylation of all four CD22 tyrosine motifs, while sera negative for anti-CD22 antibodies did not affect CD22 phosphorylation. Thus, a subset of SSc patients possessed autoantibodies reacting with a major inhibitory B cell response regulator, CD22. Because these antibodies can interfere CD22-mediated suppression onto B cell activation in vitro, SSc B cells produce functional autoantibodies that can enhance their own activation. This unique regulation may contribute to the autoimmune aspect of SSc.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Odaka
- Department of Dermatology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Japan
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44
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Bi S, Baum LG. Sialic acids in T cell development and function. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2009; 1790:1599-610. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2009.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2009] [Revised: 07/27/2009] [Accepted: 07/28/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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45
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Montes-Sánchez D, Ventura JL, Mitre I, Frías S, Michán L, Espejel-Nuñez A, Vadillo-Ortega F, Zentella A. Glycosylated VCAM-1 isoforms revealed in 2D western blots of HUVECs treated with tumoral soluble factors of breast cancer cells. BMC CHEMICAL BIOLOGY 2009; 9:7. [PMID: 19930605 PMCID: PMC2787495 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6769-9-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2009] [Accepted: 11/22/2009] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background Several common aspects of endothelial phenotype, such as the expression of cell adhesion molecules, are shared between metastasis and inflammation. Here, we analyzed VCAM-1 variants as biological markers of these two types of endothelial cell activation. With the combination of 2-DE and western blot techniques and the aid of tunicamycin, we analyzed N-glycosylation variants of VCAM-1 in primary human endothelial cells stimulated with either TNF or tumoral soluble factors (TSF's) derived from the human breast cancer cell line ZR75.30. Results Treatments induced a pro-adhesive endothelial phenotype. 2D western blots analysis of cells subjected to both treatments revealed the expression of the two known VCAM-1 isoforms and of previously unknown isoforms. In particular TSFZR75.30 induced an isoform with a relative molecular mass (Mr) and isoelectric point (pI) of 75-77 kDa and 5.0, respectively. Conclusion The unknown isoforms of VCAM-1 that were found to be overexpressed after treatment with TSF's compared with TNF, could serve as biomarkers to discriminate between inflammation and metastasis. 2D western blots revealed three new VCAM-1 isoforms expressed in primary human endothelial cells in response to TSF stimulation. Each of these isoforms varies in Mr and pI and could be the result of differential glycosylation states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delina Montes-Sánchez
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM, Ciudad Universitaria, Circuito Interior apartado postal 70228, CP04510, México DF.
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46
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajit Varki
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0687, USA.
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47
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O’Reilly MK, Paulson JC. Siglecs as targets for therapy in immune-cell-mediated disease. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2009; 30:240-8. [PMID: 19359050 PMCID: PMC2830709 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2009.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2009] [Revised: 02/18/2009] [Accepted: 02/19/2009] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The sialic-acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectins (siglecs) comprise a family of receptors that are differentially expressed on leukocytes and other immune cells. The restricted expression of several siglecs to one or a few cell types makes them attractive targets for cell-directed therapies. The anti-CD33 (also known as Siglec-3) antibody gemtuzumab (Mylotarg) is approved for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia, and antibodies targeting CD22 (Siglec-2) are currently in clinical trials for treatment of B cell non-Hodgkins lymphomas and autoimmune diseases. Because siglecs are endocytic receptors, they are well suited for a 'Trojan horse' strategy, whereby therapeutic agents conjugated to an antibody, or multimeric glycan ligand, bind to the siglec and are efficiently carried into the cell. Although the rapid internalization of unmodified siglec antibodies reduces their utility for induction of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity or complement-mediated cytotoxicity, antibody binding of Siglec-8, Siglec-9 and CD22 has been demonstrated to induce apoptosis of eosinophils, neutrophils and depletion of B cells, respectively. Here, we review the properties of siglecs that make them attractive for cell-targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary K. O’Reilly
- Departments of Chemical Physiology and Molecular Biology The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla CA 92037
| | - James C. Paulson
- Departments of Chemical Physiology and Molecular Biology The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla CA 92037
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48
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Abdu-Allah HHM, Tamanaka T, Yu J, Zhuoyuan L, Sadagopan M, Adachi T, Tsubata T, Kelm S, Ishida H, Kiso M. Design, synthesis, and structure-affinity relationships of novel series of sialosides as CD22-specific inhibitors. J Med Chem 2008; 51:6665-81. [PMID: 18841881 DOI: 10.1021/jm8000696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Sialosides incorporating substituted amides or amines at 9-position of sialic acid moiety have been synthesized and evaluated as CD22 inhibitors. Several derivatives exhibited inhibitory potency in sub- to low micromolar range (e. g., 8o, 9d, 9g, and 9k showed IC 50 values 0.40, 0.47, 0.24, and 0.23 microM, respectively, for hCD22, while 8p, 8q, and 9f, showed IC 50 values 1.70, 2.90, and 4.10 microM, respectively, for mCD22). The most significant result was the strongly enhanced affinity of 9g and 9k containing 9-(2' or 4'-hydroxy-4-biphenyl) methylamino substituents (600-fold more potent for hCD22 than the corresponding 9-hydroxy derivative; 7a). Molecular modeling study was carried out to get some insights into the molecular basis of CD22 inhibition. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first systematic structure-affinity relationship study on inhibition of CD22.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajjaj H M Abdu-Allah
- Department of Applied Bio-organic Chemistry, The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
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49
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Pearson D, O’Donnell RT, Cerejo M, McKnight HC, Wang X, Mařik J, Lam KS, Tuscano JM. CD22-Binding Peptides Derived from Anti-CD22 Ligand Blocking Antibodies Retain the Targeting and Cell Killing Properties of the Parent Antibodies and May Serve as a Drug Delivery Vehicle. Int J Pept Res Ther 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-008-9138-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Rifat S, Kang TJ, Mann D, Zhang L, Puche AC, Stamatos NM, Goldblum SE, Brossmer R, Cross AS. Expression of sialyltransferase activity on intact human neutrophils. J Leukoc Biol 2008; 84:1075-81. [PMID: 18664529 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0706462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Endogenous polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN)-associated sialidase activity enhances PMN adhesion to and migration across the endothelium through the removal of sialylated cell-surface residues. We tested the hypothesis that PMNs also express sialyltransferase (ST) activity that restores sialyl residues to the PMN surface. We developed a highly sensitive fluorometric assay to demonstrate that intact human PMNs can mediate and accept sialyl residue transfer. This ST activity is inhibited by a ST inhibitor, CMP, which also inhibits the transendothelial migration of PMNs in response to IL-8 in vitro and in vivo. We conclude that intact PMNs express sialidase and ST activities that permit rapid modulation of their surface sialylation and their ability to adhere to and migrate across the endothelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salahaldin Rifat
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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