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Jędrzejewski T, Pawlikowska M, Sobocińska J, Wrotek S. COVID-19 and Cancer Diseases-The Potential of Coriolus versicolor Mushroom to Combat Global Health Challenges. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054864. [PMID: 36902290 PMCID: PMC10003402 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Coriolus versicolor (CV) is a common species from the Polyporaceae family that has been used in traditional Chinese herbal medicine for over 2000 years. Among well-described and most active compounds identified in CV are polysaccharopeptides, such as polysaccharide peptide (PSP) and Polysaccharide-K (PSK, krestin), which, in some countries, are already used as an adjuvant agent in cancer therapy. In this paper, research advances in the field of anti-cancer and anti-viral action of CV are analyzed. The results of data obtained in in vitro and in vivo studies using animal models as well as in clinical research trials have been discussed. The present update provides a brief overview regarding the immunomodulatory effects of CV. A particular focus has been given to the mechanisms of direct effects of CV on cancer cells and angiogenesis. A potential use of CV compounds in anti-viral treatment, including therapy against COVID-19 disease, has also been analyzed based on the most recent literature. Additionally, the significance of fever in viral infection and cancer has been debated, providing evidence that CV affects this phenomenon.
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Tieu S, Charchoglyan A, Wagter-Lesperance L, Karimi K, Bridle BW, Karrow NA, Mallard BA. Immunoceuticals: Harnessing Their Immunomodulatory Potential to Promote Health and Wellness. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14194075. [PMID: 36235727 PMCID: PMC9571036 DOI: 10.3390/nu14194075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Knowledge that certain nutraceuticals can modulate the immune system is not new. These naturally occurring compounds are known as immunoceuticals, which is a novel term that refers to products and systems that naturally improve an individual’s immuno-competence. Examples of immunoceuticals include vitamin D3, mushroom glycans, flavonols, quercetin, omega-3 fatty acids, carotenoids, and micronutrients (e.g., zinc and selenium), to name a few. The immune system is a complex and highly intricate system comprising molecules, cells, tissues, and organs that are regulated by many different genetic and environmental factors. There are instances, such as pathological conditions, in which a normal immune response is suboptimal or inappropriate and thus augmentation or tuning of the immune response by immunoceuticals may be desired. With infectious diseases, cancers, autoimmune disorders, inflammatory conditions, and allergies on the rise in both humans and animals, the importance of the use of immunoceuticals to prevent, treat, or augment the treatment of these conditions is becoming more evident as a natural and often economical approach to support wellness. The global nutraceuticals market, which includes immunoceuticals, is a multi-billion-dollar industry, with a market size value of USD 454.55 billion in 2021, which is expected to reach USD 991.09 billion by 2030. This review will provide an overview of the immune system, the importance of immunomodulation, and defining and testing for immunocompetence, followed by a discussion of several key immunoceuticals with clinically proven and evidence-based immunomodulatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Tieu
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Armen Charchoglyan
- ImmunoCeutica Inc., Cambridge, ON N1T 1N6, Canada
- Advanced Analysis Centre, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Lauri Wagter-Lesperance
- ImmunoCeutica Inc., Cambridge, ON N1T 1N6, Canada
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Khalil Karimi
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Byram W. Bridle
- ImmunoCeutica Inc., Cambridge, ON N1T 1N6, Canada
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Niel A. Karrow
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
- ImmunoCeutica Inc., Cambridge, ON N1T 1N6, Canada
| | - Bonnie A. Mallard
- ImmunoCeutica Inc., Cambridge, ON N1T 1N6, Canada
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
- Correspondence:
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Saha S, Giri TK. Breaking the Barrier of Cancer through Papaya Extract and their Formulation. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2019; 19:1577-1587. [PMID: 31418665 DOI: 10.2174/1871520619666190722160955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Background:
In the last decade, many new avenues of cancer treatment have opened up but the costs
of treatment have sky-rocketed too. Hence, screening of indigenously available plant and animal resources for
anti-carcinogenic potential is an important branch of anticancer research. The effort has been made through
this comprehensive review to highlight the recent developments of anticancer therapies using different parts of
papaya plant extract.
Methods:
In search of the naturally existing animals and plants for anticarcinogenic potential, papaya plant has
been exploited by the scientist working in this research field. A widespread literature search was performed for
writing this review.
Results:
Different constituents of Carica papaya responsible for anticancer activities have been discussed.
Papaya extract for the treatment of breast, liver, blood, pancreas, skin, prostate, and colon cancer have also been
reported. Finally, the various formulation approach using Carica papaya extract have been highlighted.
Conclusion:
The information provided in this review might be useful for researchers in designing of novel formulation
of Carica papaya extract for the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumana Saha
- NSHM Knowledge Campus, Kolkata Group of Institutions, 124 BL Saha Road, Kolkata-700053, West Bengal, India
| | - Tapan Kumar Giri
- NSHM Knowledge Campus, Kolkata Group of Institutions, 124 BL Saha Road, Kolkata-700053, West Bengal, India
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Zhong L, Yan P, Lam WC, Yao L, Bian Z. Coriolus Versicolor and Ganoderma Lucidum Related Natural Products as an Adjunct Therapy for Cancers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:703. [PMID: 31333449 PMCID: PMC6616310 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Cancer incidence and mortality rates keep rising globally. Coriolus versicolor and Ganoderma lucidum related natural products are commonly applied as a complementary therapeutic option for different stages and types of cancers. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the products for cancer therapy. Methods: Randomized controlled trials were identified by systematic search over seven databases from inceptions to May 10, 2019. Two independent reviewers extracted data and assessed the study quality. Meta-analyses were performed to pool hazard ratio (HR), risk ratio (RR), mean differences (MD), and 95% CI using random-effects models. The sources of heterogeneity were explored by subgroup analyses and sensitivity analyses. Publication bias was detected by Funnel plots, Begg's test, and Egger's test. Results: Twenty-three trials involving 4,246 cancer patients were included in this work. C. versicolor and G. lucidum related natural products were significantly associated with lower risks of mortality (HR: 0.82; 95% CI: 0.72, 0.94) and higher total efficacy (RR: 1.30; 95% CI: 1.09, 1.55), but not associated with control rate (RR: 1.05; 95% CI: 0.96, 1.14) compared with control treatment. There was no significant difference between C. versicolor related natural products and control treatment in the effect on relapse-free survival (HR: 1.19; 95% CI: 0.91, 1.55). Compared with control treatment, C. versicolor and G. lucidum related natural products had a favorable effect on elevated levels of CD3 (MD: 9.03%; 95% CI: 2.10, 16.50) and CD4 (MD: 9.2%; 95% CI: 1.01, 17.39), but had no effect on the levels of CD8 (MD: -5.52%; 95% CI: -23.17, 12.13), CD4/CD8 (MD: 0.73; 95% CI:-0.45, 1.91), or NK(MD: 5.87%; 95% CI: -1.06, 12.8). Conclusion: In this meta-analysis, we found that C. versicolor and G. lucidum related natural products might have potential benefits on the overall survival and quality of life in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Zhong
- Hong Kong Chinese Medicine Clinical Study Centre, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong
| | - Peijing Yan
- Institution of Clinical Research and Evidence Based Medicine, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wai Ching Lam
- Hong Kong Chinese Medicine Clinical Study Centre, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong
| | - Liang Yao
- Hong Kong Chinese Medicine Clinical Study Centre, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong
| | - Zhaoxiang Bian
- Hong Kong Chinese Medicine Clinical Study Centre, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong
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Gezici S, Şekeroğlu N. Current Perspectives in the Application of Medicinal Plants Against Cancer: Novel Therapeutic Agents. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2019; 19:101-111. [DOI: 10.2174/1871520619666181224121004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Background:
Cancer is a disease characterized by uncontrolled cell growth and proliferation. It
has become a major health problem in the past decades and is now the second leading cause of death globally.
Although, there are different types of treatment such as chemotherapy, immune therapy, radiation, hormone
therapy and targeted therapy used against cancer, they have possible side effects and significant deficiencies.
Methods:
This review aims to outline the benefits of medicinal plants and plant-derived products and highlight
why they should be used as novel anti-cancer therapeutics. Electronic databases, including PubMed, Scopus,
ScienceDirect, Cochrane library, and MedlinePlus were searched to summarize in vitro, in vivo and clinical
studies on anticancer effects of medicinal plants and their bioactive compounds up-to-date.
Results:
In recent years, a number of medicinal plants have been administered to cancer patients in order to
prevent and treat cancer as an alternative therapy. These plants were used because of their rich anticarcinogenic
and chemoprotective potentials. In addition to these remarkable properties, these plants have less toxic anticancer,
anti-tumor and anti-proliferation agents than traditional therapeutics. Nevertheless, only a small number
of natural anti-tumor products including vinblastine, vincristine, podophyllotoxin, paclitaxel (Taxol) and camptothecin
have been tested clinically, while vinflunine ditartrate, anhydrovinblastine, NK-611, tafluposide, paclitaxel
poliglumex, combretastatins, salvicine, curcumin, indirubin, triptolide, homoharringtonine are still on trial.
Conclusion:
Consequently, more effective anticancer compounds are identified during the clinical trials; these
natural products could be a key source of antitumor agents in modern anticancer therapy. It is expected that
novel anticancer phytopharmaceuticals produced from medicinal plants could be effectively used in prevention
and therapy for the cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevgi Gezici
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science and Literature; Advanced Technology Application and Research Center, Kilis 7 Aralik University, 79000 Kilis, Turkey
| | - Nazım Şekeroğlu
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture; Advanced Technology Application and Research Center, Kilis 7 Aralik University, 79000 Kilis, Turkey
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Preclinical Antileukemia Activity of Tramesan: A Newly Identified Bioactive Fungal Metabolite. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:5061639. [PMID: 29270245 PMCID: PMC5705884 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5061639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Despite improvements that occurred in the last decades in the acute myeloid leukemia (AML) treatment, clinical results are still unsatisfactory. More effective therapies are required, and innovative approaches are ongoing, including the discovery of novel antileukemia natural compounds. Several studies have described the activity of extracts from mushrooms which produce compounds that exhibited immunological and antitumor activities. The latter has been demonstrated to be promoted in vitro by mushroom polysaccharides via induction of apoptosis. However, the antileukemia activity of these compounds on primary cells is still not reported. In the present study, we examined the in vitro effects of Tramesan (TR), a bioactive compound extracted from Trametes versicolor, on leukemic cell lines and primary cells. Our results demonstrated that TR induced a marked growth inhibition of leukemic cell lines and primary cells from AML patients. The antiproliferative effects of TR were associated in primary AML cells with a significant increase of apoptosis. No significant cytotoxic effects were observed in normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells (MNC) from healthy donors. Our data demonstrated a cytotoxic activity of TR on leukemia cells prompting further translational applications. Ongoing studies are elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying its antileukemic activity.
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Wang GW, Lv C, Shi ZR, Zeng RT, Dong XY, Zhang WD, Liu RH, Shan L, Shen YH. Abieslactone induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human hepatocellular carcinomas through the mitochondrial pathway and the generation of reactive oxygen species. PLoS One 2014; 9:e115151. [PMID: 25502685 PMCID: PMC4263740 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0115151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Abieslactone is a triterpenoid lactone isolated from Abies plants. Previous studies have demonstrated that its derivative abiesenonic acid methyl ester possesses anti-tumor-promoting activity in vitro and in vivo. In the present study, cell viability assay demonstrated that abieslactone had selective cytotoxicity against human hepatoma cell lines. Immunostaining experiments revealed that abieslactone induced HepG2 and SMMC7721 cell apoptosis. Flow cytometry and western blot analysis showed that the apoptosis was associated with cell cycle arrest during the G1 phase, up-regulation of p53 and p21, and down-regulation of CDK2 and cyclin D1. Furthermore, our results revealed that induction of apoptosis through a mitochondrial pathway led to upregulation of Bax, down-regulation of Bcl-2, mitochondrial release of cytochrome c, reduction of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and activation of caspase cascades (Casp-9 and -3). Activation of caspase cascades also resulted in the cleavage of PARP fragment. Involvement of the caspase apoptosis pathway was confirmed using caspase inhibitor Z-VAD-FMK pretreatment. Recent studies have shown that ROS is upstream of Akt signal in mitochondria-mediated hepatoma cell apoptosis. Our results showed that the accumulation of ROS was detected in HepG2 cells when treated with abieslactone, and ROS scavenger partly blocked the effects of abieslactone-induced HepG2 cell death. In addition, inactivation of total and phosphorylated Akt activities was found to be involved in abieslactone-induced HepG2 cell apoptosis. Therefore, our findings suggested that abieslactone induced G1 cell cycle arrest and caspase-dependent apoptosis via the mitochondrial pathway and the ROS/Akt pathway in HepG2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Wei Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Chao Lv
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, PR China
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fujian 350108, PR China
| | - Zhi-Ran Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Ren-Tao Zeng
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Xue-Yun Dong
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fujian 350108, PR China
| | - Wei-Dong Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Run-Hui Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Lei Shan
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, PR China
- * E-mail: (YHS); (LS)
| | - Yun-Heng Shen
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, PR China
- * E-mail: (YHS); (LS)
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Luo KW, Yue GGL, Ko CH, Lee JKM, Gao S, Li LF, Li G, Fung KP, Leung PC, Lau CBS. In vivo and in vitro anti-tumor and anti-metastasis effects of Coriolus versicolor aqueous extract on mouse mammary 4T1 carcinoma. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 21:1078-1087. [PMID: 24856767 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2014.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2013] [Revised: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 04/20/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Coriolus versicolor (CV), a medicinal mushroom widely consumed in Asian countries, has been demonstrated to be effective in stimulation of immune system and inhibition of tumor growth. The present study aimed to investigate the anti-tumor and anti-metastasis effects of CV aqueous extract in mouse mammary carcinoma 4T1 cells and in 4T1-tumor bearing mouse model. Our results showed that CV aqueous extract (0.125-2 mg/ml) did not inhibit 4T1 cell proliferation while the non-cytotoxic dose of CV extract (1-2 mg/ml) significantly inhibited cell migration and invasion (p<0.05). Besides, the enzyme activities and protein levels of MMP-9 were suppressed by CV extract significantly. Animal studies showed that CV aqueous extract (1 g/kg, orally-fed daily for 4 weeks) was effective in decreasing the tumor weight by 36%, and decreased the lung metastasis by 70.8% against untreated control. Besides, micro-CT analysis of the tumor-bearing mice tibias indicated that CV extract was effective in bone protection against breast cancer-induced bone destruction as the bone volume was significantly increased. On the other hand, CV aqueous extract treatments resulted in remarkable immunomodulatory effects, which was reflected by the augmentation of IL-2, 6, 12, TNF-α and IFN-γ productions from the spleen lymphocytes of CV-treated tumor-bearing mice. In conclusion, our results demonstrated for the first time that the CV aqueous extract exhibited anti-tumor, anti-metastasis and immunomodulation effects in metastatic breast cancer mouse model, and could protect the bone from breast cancer-induced bone destruction. These findings provided scientific evidences for the clinical application of CV aqueous extract in breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Wang Luo
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong; State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Grace Gar-Lee Yue
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong; State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Chun-Hay Ko
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong; State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Julia Kin-Ming Lee
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong; State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Si Gao
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong; State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Long-Fei Li
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong; State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong; School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Kwok-Pui Fung
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong; State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong; School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Ping-Chung Leung
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong; State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Clara Bik-San Lau
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong; State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong.
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Zhao LX, Li DD, Hu DD, Hu GH, Yan L, Wang Y, Jiang YY. Effect of tetrandrine against Candida albicans biofilms. PLoS One 2013; 8:e79671. [PMID: 24260276 PMCID: PMC3832530 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0079671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2013] [Accepted: 09/25/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans is the most common human fungal pathogen and has a high propensity to develop biofilms that are resistant to traditional antifungal agents. In this study, we investigated the effect of tetrandrine (TET) on growth, biofilm formation and yeast-to-hypha transition of C. albicans. We characterized the inhibitory effect of TET on hyphal growth and addressed its possible mechanism of action. Treatment of TET at a low concentration without affecting fungal growth inhibited hyphal growth in both liquid and solid Spider media. Real-time RT-PCR revealed that TET down-regulated the expression of hypha-specific genes ECE1, ALS3 and HWP1, and abrogated the induction of EFG1 and RAS1, regulators of hyphal growth. Addition of cAMP restored the normal phenotype of the SC5314 strain. These results indicate that TET may inhibit hyphal growth through the Ras1p-cAMP-PKA pathway. In vivo, at a range of concentrations from 4 mg/L to 32 mg/L, TET prolonged the survival of C. albicans-infected Caenorhabditis elegans significantly. This study provides useful information for the development of new strategies to reduce the incidence of C. albicans biofilm-associated infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan-Xue Zhao
- New Drug Research and Development Center, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - De-Dong Li
- New Drug Research and Development Center, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dan-Dan Hu
- New Drug Research and Development Center, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gan-Hai Hu
- New Drug Research and Development Center, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lan Yan
- New Drug Research and Development Center, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Wang
- New Drug Research and Development Center, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (YW); (YYJ)
| | - Yuan-Ying Jiang
- New Drug Research and Development Center, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (YW); (YYJ)
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TAO LIJIANG, ZHOU XINDIE, SHEN CHENGCHUN, LIANG CHENGZHEN, LIU BING, TAO YIQING, TAO HUIMIN. Tetrandrine induces apoptosis and triggers a caspase cascade in U2-OS and MG-63 cells through the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways. Mol Med Rep 2013; 9:345-9. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2013.1761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2013] [Accepted: 10/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Xing Z, Zhang Y, Zhang X, Yang Y, Ma Y, Pang D. Fangchinoline Induces G1 Arrest in Breast Cancer Cells Through Cell-Cycle Regulation. Phytother Res 2013; 27:1790-4. [PMID: 23401195 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.4936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2011] [Revised: 12/04/2012] [Accepted: 01/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhibo Xing
- Department of Breast Surgery; The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Harbin Medical University; 6 Baojian Road Harbin 150040 China
| | - Youxue Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery; The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Harbin Medical University; 6 Baojian Road Harbin 150040 China
| | - Xianyu Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery; The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Harbin Medical University; 6 Baojian Road Harbin 150040 China
| | - Yanmei Yang
- Cancer Research Institute; Harbin Medical University; 6 Baojian Road Harbin 150040 China
| | - Yuyan Ma
- Cancer Research Institute; Harbin Medical University; 6 Baojian Road Harbin 150040 China
| | - Da Pang
- Department of Breast Surgery; The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Harbin Medical University; 6 Baojian Road Harbin 150040 China
- Cancer Research Institute; Harbin Medical University; 6 Baojian Road Harbin 150040 China
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Ohyama T, Sato K, Kishimoto K, Yamazaki Y, Horiguchi N, Ichikawa T, Kakizaki S, Takagi H, Izumi T, Mori M. Azelnidipine is a calcium blocker that attenuates liver fibrosis and may increase antioxidant defence. Br J Pharmacol 2012; 165:1173-87. [PMID: 21790536 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01599.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Oxidative stress plays a critical role in liver fibrogenesis. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) stimulate hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), and ROS-mediated increases in calcium influx further increase ROS production. Azelnidipine is a calcium blocker that has been shown to have antioxidant effects in endothelial cells and cardiomyocytes. Therefore, we evaluated the anti-fibrotic and antioxidative effects of azelnidipine on liver fibrosis. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We used TGF-β1-activated LX-2 cells (a human HSC line) and mouse models of fibrosis induced by treatment with either carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4) ) or thioacetamide (TAA). KEY RESULTS Azelnidipine inhibited TGF-β1 and angiotensin II (Ang II)-activated α1(I) collagen mRNA expression in HSCs. Furthermore, TGF-β1- and Ang II-induced oxidative stress and TGF-β1-induced p38 and JNK phosphorylation were reduced in HSCs treated with azelnidipine. Azelnidipine significantly decreased inflammatory cell infiltration, pro-fibrotic gene expressions, HSC activation, lipid peroxidation, oxidative DNA damage and fibrosis in the livers of CCl(4) - or TAA-treated mice. Finally, azelnidipine prevented a decrease in the expression of some antioxidant enzymes and accelerated regression of liver fibrosis in CCl(4) -treated mice. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Azelnidipine inhibited TGF-β1- and Ang II-induced HSC activation in vitro and attenuated CCl(4) - and TAA-induced liver fibrosis, and it accelerated regression of CCl(4) -induced liver fibrosis in mice. The anti-fibrotic mechanism of azelnidipine against CCl(4) -induced liver fibrosis in mice may have been due an increased level of antioxidant defence. As azelnidipine is widely used in clinical practice without serious adverse effects, it may provide an effective new strategy for anti-fibrotic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Ohyama
- Departments of Medicine and Molecular Science Biochemistry, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
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13
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Gong K, Li W. Shikonin, a Chinese plant-derived naphthoquinone, induces apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma cells through reactive oxygen species: A potential new treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma. Free Radic Biol Med 2011; 51:2259-71. [PMID: 22011623 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2011.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2011] [Revised: 09/05/2011] [Accepted: 09/15/2011] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Although shikonin, a naphthoquinone derivative, has showed anti-cancer activity, its precise molecular anti-tumor mechanism remains to be elucidated. In this study, we investigated the effects of shikonin on human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in vitro and in vivo. Our results showed that shikonin induced apoptosis of Huh7 and BEL7402 but not nontumorigenic cells. ROS generation was detected, and ROS scavengers completely inhibited shikonin-induced apoptosis, indicating that ROS play an essential role. Although the JNK activity was significantly elevated after shikonin treatment, JNK was not linked to apoptosis. However, downregulation of Akt and RIP1/NF-κB activity was found to be involved in shikonin-induced apoptosis. Ectopic expression of Akt or RIP1 partly abrogated the effects of shikonin, and Akt inhibitor and RIP1 inhibitor synergistically induced apoptosis in conjunction with shikonin treatment. ROS scavengers blocked shikonin-induced inactivation of Akt and RIP1/NF-κB, but Akt or RIP1/NF-κB did not regulate ROS generation, suggesting that Akt and RIP1/NF-κB signals are downstream of ROS generation. In addition, the results of xenograft experiments in mice were consistent with in vitro studies. Taken together, our data show that shikonin, which may be a promising agent in the treatment of liver cancer, induced apoptosis in HCC cells through the ROS/Akt and RIP1/NF-κB pathways.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/chemistry
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacology
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor
- Humans
- Liver Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Liver Neoplasms/metabolism
- Liver Neoplasms/pathology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Nude
- Molecular Structure
- Naphthoquinones/chemistry
- Naphthoquinones/pharmacology
- Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
- Structure-Activity Relationship
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Gong
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
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14
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Jin H, Li L, Zhong D, Liu J, Chen X, Zheng J. Pulmonary Toxicity and Metabolic Activation of Tetrandrine in CD-1 Mice. Chem Res Toxicol 2011; 24:2142-52. [DOI: 10.1021/tx200290s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hua Jin
- Center for Developmental Therapeutics, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98101, United States
| | - Liang Li
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Dafang Zhong
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyan Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiang Zheng
- Center for Developmental Therapeutics, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98101, United States
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15
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Hor SY, Ahmad M, Farsi E, Lim CP, Asmawi MZ, Yam MF. Acute and subchronic oral toxicity of Coriolus versicolor standardized water extract in Sprague-Dawley rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2011; 137:1067-1076. [PMID: 21767625 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2011.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2011] [Revised: 06/30/2011] [Accepted: 07/03/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Coriolus versicolor, which is known as Yun Zhi, is one of the commonly used Chinese medicinal herbs. Recent studies have demonstrated its antitumor activities on cancer cells which led to its widespread use in cancer patient. However, little toxicological information is available regarding its safety. The present study evaluated the potential toxicity of Coriolus versicolor standardized water extract after acute and subchronic administration in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS In acute toxicity study, Coriolus versicolor water extract was administered by oral gavage to Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats (6 males, 6 females) at single doses of varying concentrations 1250, 2500 and 5000 mg/kg. In subchronic toxicity study, the extract was administered orally at doses of 1250, 2500 and 5000 mg/kg/day for 28 days to male and female SD rats respectively. General behavior, adverse effects and mortality were determined throughout the experimental period. Haematological and biochemical parameters, relative organ weights and histopathological were evaluated at the end of the experiment. RESULTS There were no mortality and signs of toxicity in acute and subchronic toxicity studies. In the single dose acute toxicity and repeated dose 28-day subchronic toxicity studies, there were no significant difference in body weight, relative organ weight, haematological parameters, clinical chemistry, gross pathology and histopathology between treatment and control groups. CONCLUSIONS Coriolus versicolor water extract did not cause remarkable adverse effect in SD rats. The oral lethal dose of Coriolus versicolor water extract is more than 5000 mg/kg and no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) of the extract for both male and female rats is 5000 mg/kg per day for 28 days.
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MESH Headings
- Administration, Oral
- Agaricales/chemistry
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/administration & dosage
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/isolation & purification
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/toxicity
- Behavior, Animal/drug effects
- Biomarkers/blood
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/administration & dosage
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/isolation & purification
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/toxicity
- Female
- Male
- Mushroom Poisoning/blood
- Mushroom Poisoning/etiology
- Mushroom Poisoning/pathology
- Mushroom Poisoning/psychology
- No-Observed-Adverse-Effect Level
- Organ Size/drug effects
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Risk Assessment
- Solvents/chemistry
- Time Factors
- Toxicity Tests, Acute
- Toxicity Tests, Subchronic
- Water/chemistry
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Affiliation(s)
- Sook Yee Hor
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden 11800, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.
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16
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Hartmann AM, Abarzua S, Schlichting A, Richter DU, Leinweber P, Briese V. Effects of elm bark extracts from Ulmus laevis on human chorion carcinoma cell lines. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2011; 284:1265-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00404-010-1830-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2010] [Accepted: 12/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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17
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Yuan SY, Yang CR, Cheng CL, Hsu SL, Liao JW, Lin CC, Chou YY, Cheng YW. Comparative Nephrotoxicity of Aristolochic Acid and Tetrandrine In Vitro and In Vivo. Int J Toxicol 2011; 30:35-46. [DOI: 10.1177/1091581810387164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Aristolochic acid (AA) and tetrandrine (TET) are the major bioactive components in Chinese herbs used for weight loss. The nephropathy caused by the 2 Chinese herbs has not been simultaneously investigated. The aim of this study was to examine the potential nephrotoxicity of AA and TET using Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells and mice. The results showed that TET was more potent than AA in inhibiting MDCK cell growth via inducing apoptosis, as determined by annexin-V staining, 4’, 6’-diamino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining, DNA fragmentation, and caspase 3 activity. Mice treated with AA (10 mg/kg) by intraperitoneal administration for 3 months showed nephrotoxicity, elevated blood urea nitrogen, and increased renal tubular injuries. In contrast, mice treated with 50 mg/kg of TET in the same time period had moderate hydropic degeneration of the distal tubules in the kidneys. These results suggest that TET is more cytotoxic than AA in MDCK cells but shows less nephrotoxic than AA in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheau-Yun Yuan
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Rei Yang
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Li Cheng
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Lan Hsu
- Department of Education and Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jiunn-Wang Liao
- Graduate Institute of Veterinary Pathobiology, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Chen Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Science, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Education and Research, Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Yi Chou
- Graduate School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Wen Cheng
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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18
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Tetrandrine attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced fulminant hepatic failure in D-galactosamine-sensitized mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2009; 10:357-63. [PMID: 20036342 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2009.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2009] [Revised: 12/11/2009] [Accepted: 12/15/2009] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Fulminant hepatic failure (FHF) remains an extremely poor prognosis and high mortality; better treatments are urgently needed. Tetrandrine (TET), a traditional anti-inflammatory drug, has been reported to exhibit hepatoprotective activities in several liver injury models. We now investigated the effects and underlying mechanisms of TET on lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and D-galactosamine (D-GalN)-induced FHF in mice. TET (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg) was given intraperitoneally 1h before LPS/D-GalN injection in mice. The mortality and liver injury was evaluated subsequently. The results showed that administering TET to mice reduced mortality and improved liver injury induced by LPS/D-GalN in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, TET dose-dependently inhibited LPS/D-GalN-induced NF-kappaB activation, serum and hepatic tissues tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) production, caspase-3 activation and hepatocellular apoptosis, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (ECAM-1) expression. Our experimental data indicated that TET might alleviate the FHF induced by LPS/D-GalN through inhibiting NF-kappaB activation to reduce TNF-alpha production.
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19
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Duan H, Luan J, Liu Q, Yagasaki K, Zhang G. Suppression of human lung cancer cell growth and migration by berbamine. Cytotechnology 2009; 62:341-8. [PMID: 19967402 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-009-9240-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2009] [Accepted: 11/18/2009] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of berbamine (BER), a naturally occurring small-molecule compound from Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Berberis amurensis, on the growth and migration of human lung cancer A549 cell line. This cell line is the non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) which constitutes 80% of lung cancer cases and remains an aggressive lung cancer associated with a poor patient survival. Our present results have shown that BER significantly suppressed the in vitro and ex vivo growth of A549 cells in dose- and time-dependent manners. Furthermore, Western blot analysis confirmed that BER dose-dependently down-regulated the expression of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 and up-regulated the level of pro-apoptotic protein Bax, eventually leading the reduction of Bcl-2/Bax protein ratio in A549 cells. In addition, BER significantly inhibited the A549 cell migration at the low concentrations without restraining the cell growth. More importantly, BER significantly enhanced the anticancer activity of anticancer agents such as trichostatin A (the histone deacetylase inhibitor) and celecoxib (the inhibitor of cyclooxygenase-2) by strongly reducing the viability and/or the Bcl-2/Bax protein ratio in A549 cells. Our findings suggest that BER may have the wide therapeutic and/or adjuvant therapeutic application in the treatment of human NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiying Duan
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, No. 30, Qing Quan Lu, Lai Shan Qu, 264005, Yantai, Shandong Province, China
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20
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Wang S, Liu Q, Zhang Y, Liu K, Yu P, Liu K, Luan J, Duan H, Lu Z, Wang F, Wu E, Yagasaki K, Zhang G. Suppression of growth, migration and invasion of highly-metastatic human breast cancer cells by berbamine and its molecular mechanisms of action. Mol Cancer 2009; 8:81. [PMID: 19796390 PMCID: PMC2765940 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-8-81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2009] [Accepted: 10/01/2009] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer related deaths among females worldwide. Berbamine (BER), a kind of bis-benzylisoquinoline alkaloid, has been used to treat clinical patients with inflammation and cancer for many years in China. The purpose of this study is to investigate the activity of BER against highly-metastatic human breast cancer and its molecular mechanisms of action. RESULTS In our study, we found that BER inhibits growth of highly-metastatic human breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-435S cells dose-dependently and time-dependently. The sera from BER-treated rats suppress the growth of MDA-MB-231 cells. BER shows synergistic effects with some existing anticancer agents such as trichostatin A (TSA, the histone deacetylase inhibitor), celecoxib (the inhibitor of COX-2), and carmofur against the growth of MDA-MB-231 cells. BER also displays the strong activity of inducing apoptosis in both estrogen receptor-negative MDA-MB-231 cells and estrogen receptor-alpha-positive MCF-7 breast cancer cells, but not in normal human mammary epithelial cell line MCF10A. BER down-regulates anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 levels and up-regulates pro-apoptotic protein Bax expressions in MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-435S cells. BER also has synergistic effects with anticancer agents trichostatin A, celecoxib and/or carmofur on reducing Bcl-2/Bax ratios and VEGF secretions in MDA-MB-231 cells. In addition, BER significantly suppresses cell migration and invasion, as well as decreases pro-MMP-9/pro-MMP-2 activation in breast cancer cells. Furthermore, BER suppresses Akt and nuclear factor kappaB signaling by reducing the phosphorylation of c-Met and Akt, and inhibiting their downstream targets such as nuclear factor kappaB p-65, Bcl-2/Bax, osteopontin, VEGF, MMP-9 and MMP-2 on protein and/or mRNA levels in breast cancer cells. CONCLUSION Our findings have showed that BER suppresses the growth, migration and invasion in highly-metastatic human breast cancer cells by possibly inhibiting Akt and NF-kappaB signaling with their upstream target c-Met and downstream targets Bcl-2/Bax, osteopontin, VEGF, MMP-9 and MMP-2. BER has synergistic effects with anticancer agents trichostatin A, celecoxib and carmofur on inhibiting the growth of MDA-MB-231 cells and reducing the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax and/or VEGF expressions in the cancer cells. These findings suggest that BER may have the wide therapeutic and/or adjuvant therapeutic application in the treatment of human breast cancer and other cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, No 30, Qing Quan Lu, Lai Shan Qu, Yantai, Shandong Province 264005, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, No 30, Qing Quan Lu, Lai Shan Qu, Yantai, Shandong Province 264005, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Clinical Medicine, Clinical College of Anhui Medical University, No 15, Feicuilu, Hefei, Anhui Province 230601, China
| | - Ke Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, No 30, Qing Quan Lu, Lai Shan Qu, Yantai, Shandong Province 264005, China
| | - Pengfei Yu
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, No 30, Qing Quan Lu, Lai Shan Qu, Yantai, Shandong Province 264005, China
| | - Kun Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, No 30, Qing Quan Lu, Lai Shan Qu, Yantai, Shandong Province 264005, China
| | - Jinling Luan
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, No 30, Qing Quan Lu, Lai Shan Qu, Yantai, Shandong Province 264005, China
| | - Huiying Duan
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, No 30, Qing Quan Lu, Lai Shan Qu, Yantai, Shandong Province 264005, China
| | - Zhaoqiao Lu
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, No 30, Qing Quan Lu, Lai Shan Qu, Yantai, Shandong Province 264005, China
| | - Fengfei Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58105, USA
| | - Erxi Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58105, USA
| | - Kazumi Yagasaki
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo Noko University, Saiwai-cho 3-5-8, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Guoying Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, No 30, Qing Quan Lu, Lai Shan Qu, Yantai, Shandong Province 264005, China
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21
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Anticancer effect of tetrandrine on primary cancer cells isolated from ascites and pleural fluids. Cancer Lett 2008; 268:166-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2008.03.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2007] [Revised: 03/16/2008] [Accepted: 03/27/2008] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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22
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Harhaji L, Mijatović S, Maksimović-Ivanić D, Stojanović I, Momcilović M, Maksimović V, Tufegdzić S, Marjanović Z, Mostarica-Stojković M, Vucinić Z, Stosić-Grujicić S. Anti-tumor effect of Coriolus versicolor methanol extract against mouse B16 melanoma cells: in vitro and in vivo study. Food Chem Toxicol 2008; 46:1825-33. [PMID: 18313195 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2008.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2007] [Revised: 12/13/2007] [Accepted: 01/14/2008] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Numerous studies have shown immunostimulatory and anti-tumor effects of water and standardized aqueous ethanol extracts derived from the medicinal mushroom, Coriolus versicolor, but the biological activity of methanol extracts has not been examined so far. In the present study we investigated the anti-tumor effect of C. versicolor methanol extract (which contains terpenoids and polyphenols) on B16 mouse melanoma cells both in vitro and in vivo. In vitro treatment of the cells with the methanol extract (25-1600 microg/ml) reduced melanoma cell viability in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, in the presence of the methanol extract (200 microg/ml, concentration IC(50)) the proliferation of B16 cells was arrested in the G(0)/G(1) phase of the cell cycle, followed by both apoptotic and secondary necrotic cell death. In vivo methanol extract treatment (i.p. 50 mg/kg, for 14 days) inhibited tumor growth in C57BL/6 mice inoculated with syngeneic B16 tumor cells. Moreover, peritoneal macrophages collected 21 days after tumor implantation from methanol extract-treated animals exerted stronger tumoristatic activity ex vivo than macrophages from control melanoma-bearing mice. Taken together, our results demonstrate that C. versicolor methanol extract exerts pronounced anti-melanoma activity, both directly through antiproliferative and cytotoxic effects on tumor cells and indirectly through promotion of macrophage anti-tumor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lj Harhaji
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biological Research Sinisa Stanković, Belgrade University, Belgrade, Serbia
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Sun X, Xu R, Deng Y, Cheng H, Ma J, Ji J, Zhou Y. Effects of tetrandrine on apoptosis and radiosensitivity of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line CNE. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2007; 39:869-78. [PMID: 17989878 DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-7270.2007.00349.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Tetrandrine is known to exert antitumor effect, however, little is known about its effect on nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. In this study, we tested tetrandrine-induced apoptosis and radiosensitivity in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line CNE and investigated the possible mechanisms. Using flow cytometry and DNA electrophoresis, we found that tetrandrine could induce cell apoptosis. Further, it was shown that the level of Bcl-2 mRNA decreased and Bax mRNA increased after addition of tetrandrine by using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. X-ray-induced G2 arrest was abrogated by treatment with tetrandrine, as detected by flow cytometry and mitotic index. The accumulation of cyclinB1 protein and the suppression of Cdc2 tyrosine-15 and Cdc25C serine-216 phosphorylation were detected in irradiated cells treated with tetrandrine using Western blot analysis. Taken together, these results show that tetrandrine can induce apoptosis and abrogate radiation-induced G2 arrest in CNE cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinchen Sun
- Department of Oncology, Zhong Da Hospital Affiliated to Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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24
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Wink M. Molecular modes of action of cytotoxic alkaloids: from DNA intercalation, spindle poisoning, topoisomerase inhibition to apoptosis and multiple drug resistance. THE ALKALOIDS. CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY 2007; 64:1-47. [PMID: 18085328 DOI: 10.1016/s1099-4831(07)64001-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Wink
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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25
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Wu CC, Lin JP, Yang JS, Chou ST, Chen SC, Lin YT, Lin HL, Chung JG. Capsaicin induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human esophagus epidermoid carcinoma CE 81T/VGH cells through the elevation of intracellular reactive oxygen species and Ca2+ productions and caspase-3 activation. Mutat Res 2006; 601:71-82. [PMID: 16942782 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2006.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2005] [Revised: 05/23/2006] [Accepted: 06/01/2006] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Capsaicin (N-vanillyl-8-methyl-1-nonenamide) is found in pungent fruits, especially in red pepper. Many studies have focused on the anticarcinogenic, antimutagenic or chemopreventive activities of capsaicin. However, the effects of capsaicin on human esophagus epidermoid carcinoma cells have never been investigated. In this study, we investigated the effects of capsaicin on esophagus epidermoid carcinoma cells in vitro and further examined the molecular mechanisms of capsaicin-induced apoptosis in esophagus epidermoid carcinoma cells. Capsaicin decreased the percentage of viable cells of CE 81T/VGH cells, via induction of G0-G1 phase cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Capsaicin induced G0-G1 phase arrest underwent the promotion of p53 and p21, which is an inhibitor of Cdk2 and cyclin E complex before leading to the inhibitions of both compounds. Capsaicin induced apoptosis in time-dependent manners. Capsaicin-induced apoptosis was in association with the elevation of intracellular reactive oxygen species and Ca2+ productions and BAPTA, an intracellular Ca2+ chelator, which significantly inhibited capsaicin-induced apoptosis. Collectively, these results suggest that the capsaicin-induced apoptosis in the CE 81T/VGH cells may result from the activation of caspase-3 and intracellular Ca2+ release pathway, and it is further suggested that capsaicin has potential as a novel therapeutic agent for the treatment of esophagus epidermoid carcinoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Chung Wu
- Department of Nutrition and Health Science, Fooyin University, Ta-Liao Hsiang, Kaohsiung Hsien 831, Taiwan, ROC
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26
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Hsieh TC, Wu P, Park S, Wu JM. Induction of cell cycle changes and modulation of apoptogenic/anti-apoptotic and extracellular signaling regulatory protein expression by water extracts of I'm-Yunity (PSP). Altern Ther Health Med 2006; 6:30. [PMID: 16965632 PMCID: PMC1574346 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-6-30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2006] [Accepted: 09/11/2006] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Background I'm-Yunity™ (PSP) is a mushroom extract derived from deep-layer cultivated mycelia of the patented Cov-1 strain of Coriolus versicolor (CV), which contains as its main bioactive ingredient a family of polysaccharo-peptide with heterogeneous charge properties and molecular sizes. I'm-Yunity™ (PSP) is used as a dietary supplement by cancer patients and by individuals diagnosed with various chronic diseases. Laboratory studies have shown that I'm-Yunity™ (PSP) enhances immune functions and also modulates cellular responses to external challenges. Recently, I'm-Yunity™ (PSP) was also reported to exert potent anti-tumorigenic effects, evident by suppression of cell proliferation and induction of apoptosis in malignant cells. We investigate the mechanisms by which I'm-Yunity™ (PSP) elicits these effects. Methods Human leukemia HL-60 and U-937 cells were incubated with increasing doses of aqueous extracts of I'm-Yunity™ (PSP). Control and treated cells were harvested at various times and analyzed for changes in: (1) cell proliferation and viability, (2) cell cycle phase transition, (3) induction of apoptosis, (4) expression of cell cycle, apoptogenic/anti-apoptotic, and extracellular regulatory proteins. Results Aqueous extracts of I'm-Yunity™ (PSP) inhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptosis in HL-60 and U-937 cells, accompanied by a cell type-dependent disruption of the G1/S and G2/M phases of cell cycle progression. A more pronounced growth suppression was observed in treated HL-60 cells, which was correlated with time- and dose-dependent down regulation of the retinoblastoma protein Rb, diminution in the expression of anti-apoptotic proteins bcl-2 and survivin, increase in apoptogenic proteins bax and cytochrome c, and cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) from its native 112-kDa form to the 89-kDa truncated product. Moreover, I'm-Yunity™ (PSP)-treated HL-60 cells also showed a substantial decrease in p65 and to a lesser degree p50 forms of transcription factor NF-κB, which was accompanied by a reduction in the expression of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2). I'm-Yunity™ (PSP) also elicited an increase in STAT1 (signal transducer and activator of transcription) and correspondingly, decrease in the expression of activated form of ERK (extracellular signal-regulated kinase). Conclusion Aqueous extracts of I'm-Yunity™ (PSP) induces cell cycle arrest and alterations in the expression of apoptogenic/anti-apoptotic and extracellular signaling regulatory proteins in human leukemia cells, the net result being suppression of proliferation and increase in apoptosis. These findings may contribute to the reported clinical and overall health effects of I'm-Yunity™ (PSP).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tze-chen Hsieh
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
| | - Peili Wu
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
| | - Spencer Park
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
| | - Joseph M Wu
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
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Unyayar A, Demirbilek M, Turkoglu M, Celik A, Mazmanci MA, Erkurt EA, Unyayar S, Cekic O, Atacag H. Evaluation of cytotoxic and mutagenic effects of Coriolus versicolor and Funalia trogii extracts on mammalian cells. Drug Chem Toxicol 2006; 29:69-83. [PMID: 16455591 DOI: 10.1080/01480540500408655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the in vitro cytotoxic activities of standardized aqueous bioactive extracts prepared from Coriolus versicolor and Funalia trogiiATCC 200800 on HeLa and fibroblast cell lines using a MTT (3-[4,5-dimetiltiazol-2-]-2-5-difeniltetrazolium bromide) cytotoxicity assay. F. trogii and C. versicolor extracts were cytotoxic to both cell lines. At 10 microL treatment level, F. trogii and C. versicolor extracts inhibited proliferation of HeLa cancer cells by 71.5% and 45%, respectively, compared with controls. Toxicity was lower toward normal fibroblasts. In the latter case, treatment at 10 microL level with F. trogii and C. versicolor extracts reduced cell proliferation by 51.3% and 38.7%, respectively. In separate experiments, the mitotic index (MI) obtained with 3 microL treatment level of unheated extracts of the two fungi was comparable to the MI value obtained by treatment with 4 microg/mL MMC (anticancer agent mitomycin-C). A significant induction of sister chromatid exchange (SCE) was observed in normal cultured lymphocytes treated with MMC (4 microg/mL). MMC treatment reduced replication index compared with treatment with unheated F. trogii extract and negative controls (p < 0.001). In contrast to MMC, F. trogii extracts did not affect the proliferation of human lymphocytes compared with controls (p > 0.05). Laccase and peroxidase enzyme activities in F. trogii extract were implicated in their inhibitory effect on cancer cells. F. trogii extract was concluded to have antitumor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Unyayar
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey.
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Wang L, Zhu JS, Chen WX, Zhu L, Da W, Wang XL. Inhibitory effects of tetrandrine combined with octreotide on proliferation of gastric cancer cell lines cultured in vitro. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2005; 13:2318-2322. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v13.i19.2318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To observe the inhibitory effects of tetrandrine (Tet), octreotide alone and in combination on the gastric cancer cell lines cultured in vitro, and to explore their possible mechanisms.
METHODS: The human gastric cell lines SGC7901 and MKN45 were cultured in vitro. The influences of Tet, octreotide alone and in combination on both kinds of the cells were observed by MTT spectrophotometry, and their effects on the concentration of cytosolic free Ca2+ were measured by Fura-2/AM.
RESULTS: Octreotide at high concentrations such as 2.4×10-5, 2.4×10-6mol/L, and Tet at concentrations of 10-160 μmol/L significantly inhibited the proliferation of SGC7901 and MKN45 cells, and the inhibitory rates (IR) were 40.76%, 23.2% and 30.5-70.0% for the former, respectively, and 24.9%, 21.7% and 20.4-79.01% for the latter, respectively (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). Different concentrations of octreotide (2.4×10-6, 2.4×10-9, 2.4×10-12 mol/L) increased the IR of Tet (10 μmol/L) for SGC7901 and MKN45 cells from 32.8% and 27.0% to 50.5% and 60.3%, 55.0% and 47.7%, 67.8% and 63.0%, respectively (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). The concentrations of free Ca2+ in SGC 7901 and MKN 45 cells were significantly reduced as compared with those in the normal controls (394.2±18.4 nmol/L vs 505.0±15.8 nmol/L, 412.1±20.8 nmol/L vs 512.0±16.0 nmol/L, both P < 0.01), and similar results were found in octreotide (2.4×10-6 mol/L) group (SGC7901: 450.8±20.1 nmol/L, P < 0.01; MKN45: 413.1±10.4 nmol/L, P < 0.01). However, octreotide combined with Tet could not reduce the concentration of free Ca2+ to a lower degree.
CONCLUSION: Tet inhibits the proliferation of gastric cancer cell lines cultured in vitro in a dose-dependent manner, and the reduction of the cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration may be involved in its anti-proliferation mechanism. The antiproliferation of octreotide at high concentrations may relate to its anti-calcium effect. Different concentrations of octreotide can enhance the anti-proliferation of Tet at low doses, which may not relate to the reduction of the cytosolic calcium concentration.
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29
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris D. Meletis
- Portland, Oregon
- National College of Naturopathic Medicine, Portland, Oregon
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30
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Lee JC, Lee KY, Son YO, Choi KC, Kim J, Truong TT, Jang YS. Plant-originated glycoprotein, G-120, inhibits the growth of MCF-7 cells and induces their apoptosis. Food Chem Toxicol 2005; 43:961-8. [PMID: 15811576 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2005.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2004] [Revised: 01/31/2005] [Accepted: 02/01/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
We characterized the biological function of G-120, glycoprotein isolated from the ethanol extract of the herb, Ulmus davidiana Nakai (UDN). G-120 has anti-tumor activity and significantly inhibited proliferation of MCF-7 cells, as measured by the thymidine uptake assay. In addition, MTT and trypan blue exclusion experiments showed that the G-120-mediated inhibition of DNA synthesis may be due to a cytostatic, rather than a cytotoxic effect. Further studies of DNA analysis and propidium iodide staining revealed that G-120 induces apoptosis in MCF-7 cells. Interestingly, G-120 (100 microg/ml) completely suppressed the binding of NF-kappaB to DNA and increased the cytosolic level of IkappaBalpha which prevented nuclear translocation of NF-kappaB. In addition, G-120 increased the expression of c-Jun, Fra-1, and Fra-2, but did not affect the expression of c-Fos. Collectively, it is believed that G-120 exerts an important role in the induction of apoptosis, suppression of NF-kappaB activation, and induction of c-Jun/Fra-1 or c-Jun/Fra-2 dimerization in MCF-7 cells. Consequently, G-120 could be considered as an anti-cancer agent, although further detailed experiments should be performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-C Lee
- Department of Orthodontics and Institute of Oral Bioscience, Chonbuk National University, Chonju 561-756, Republic of Korea
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31
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Ho CY, Lau CBS, Kim CF, Leung KN, Fung KP, Tse TF, Chan HHL, Chow MSS. Differential effect of Coriolus versicolor (Yunzhi) extract on cytokine production by murine lymphocytes in vitro. Int Immunopharmacol 2004; 4:1549-57. [PMID: 15351324 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2004.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2004] [Accepted: 07/19/2004] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Being one of the commonly used Chinese medicinal herbs, Coriolus versicolor (CV), also named as Yunzhi, was known to possess both anti-tumor and immunopotentiating activities. The present study aimed to investigate the in vitro immunomodulatory effect of a standardized ethanol-water extract prepared from CV on the proliferation of murine splenic lymphocytes using the MTT assay, and the production of six T helper (Th)-related cytokines using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. The results showed that the CV extract significantly augmented the proliferation of murine splenic lymphocytes in a time- and dose-dependent manner, maximally by 2.4-fold. Moreover, the production of two Th1-related cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-2 and IL-12, in culture supernatants from the CV extract-activated lymphocytes was prominently upregulated at 48 and 72 h. Positive correlations were found between the levels of these two cytokines and the MTT-based proliferative response. In contrast, the production of two other Th1-related cytokines, including interferon (IFN)-gamma and IL-18, was significantly augmented only at 24 h, but not at 48 and 72 h. On the other hand, the levels of two Th2-related cytokines such as IL-4 and IL-6 were undetectable in the culture supernatants of lymphocytes treated with the CV extract. The CV extract was suggested to be a lymphocyte mitogen by differentially enhancing the production of Th1-related cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Y Ho
- School of Pharmacy, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
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32
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Montbriand MJ. Herbs or natural products that decrease cancer growth part one of a four-part series. Oncol Nurs Forum 2004; 31:E75-90. [PMID: 15252440 DOI: 10.1188/04.onf.e75-e90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES To provide evidence-based research information about 31 herbs and natural products that have shown potential in early research to decrease cancer growth or as adjuncts with cancer treatment. DATA SOURCES Names of herbs and natural products with potential to decrease cancer growth have been selected from listings in the Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database and Lawrence Review of Natural Products-Monograph System. Information about these herbs has been found in evidence-based studies cited in references. DATA SYNTHESIS In preliminary studies, 31 herbs and natural products appear to have potential for cancer treatment. CONCLUSIONS This preliminary evidence may be useful to healthcare professionals and patients with cancer. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING The information in this article is designed to provide quick access for healthcare professionals working in clinical oncology. Oncology nurses who have this information can become resources for patients and other healthcare professionals.
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33
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Lau CBS, Ho CY, Kim CF, Leung KN, Fung KP, Tse TF, Chan HHL, Chow MSS. Cytotoxic activities of Coriolus versicolor (Yunzhi) extract on human leukemia and lymphoma cells by induction of apoptosis. Life Sci 2004; 75:797-808. [PMID: 15183073 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2004.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2003] [Accepted: 04/02/2004] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Coriolus versicolor (CV), also known as Yunzhi, is one of the commonly used Chinese medicinal herbs. Although recent studies have demonstrated its antitumour activities on cancer cells in vitro and in vivo, the exact mechanism is not fully elucidated. Hence, the objective of this study was to examine the in vitro cytotoxic activities of a standardized aqueous ethanol extract prepared from Coriolus versicolor on a B-cell lymphoma (Raji) and two human promyelocytic leukemia (HL-60, NB-4) cell lines using a MTT cytotoxicity assay, and to test whether the mechanism involves induction of apoptosis. Cell death ELISA was employed to quantify the nucleosome production resulting from nuclear DNA fragmentation during apoptosis. The present results demonstrated that CV extract at 50 to 800 microg/ml dose-dependently suppressed the proliferation of Raji, NB-4, and HL-60 cells by more than 90% (p < 0.01), with ascending order of IC50 values: HL-60 (147.3 +/- 15.2 microg/ml), Raji (253.8 +/- 60.7 microg/ml) and NB-4 (269.3 +/- 12.4 microg/ml). The extract however did not exert any significant cytotoxic effect on normal liver cell line WRL (IC50 > 800 microg/ml) when compared with a chemotherapeutic anticancer drug, mitomycin C (MMC), confirming the tumour-selective cytotoxicity. Nucleosome productions in HL-60, NB-4 and Raji cells were significantly increased by 3.6-, 3.6- and 5.6-fold respectively upon the treatment of CV extract, while no significant nucleosome production was detected in extract-treated WRL cells. The CV extract was found to selectively and dose-dependently inhibit the proliferation of lymphoma and leukemic cells possibly via an apoptosis-dependent pathway.
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MESH Headings
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Cell Division/drug effects
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Survival/drug effects
- DNA Fragmentation
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology
- Formazans/metabolism
- Humans
- Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute/metabolism
- Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute/pathology
- Liver/drug effects
- Liver/pathology
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/drug therapy
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/metabolism
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/pathology
- Medicine, Chinese Traditional
- Mitomycin/pharmacology
- Nucleosomes/drug effects
- Plants, Medicinal/chemistry
- Tetrazolium Salts/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- C B S Lau
- School of Pharmacy, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong.
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34
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Jang BC, Lim KJ, Paik JH, Cho JW, Baek WK, Suh MH, Park JB, Kwon TK, Park JW, Kim SP, Shin DH, Song DK, Bae JH, Mun KC, Suh SI. Tetrandrine-induced apoptosis is mediated by activation of caspases and PKC-δ in U937 cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2004; 67:1819-29. [PMID: 15130759 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2004.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2003] [Accepted: 01/14/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Tetrandrine, which is isolated from Chinese herb Stephania tetrandrae, possesses anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive, and cytoprotective properties. Though it was previously shown that tetrandrine causes a G1 blockade and apoptosis in various cell types, however, the mechanism by which tetrandrine initiates apoptosis remains poorly understood. In present study, we investigated the mechanisms of apoptosis induced by tetrandrine in U937 leukemia cells. Tetrandrine inhibited U937 cell growth by inducing apoptosis. After treatment of U937 cells with tetrandrine (10microM) for 24h, alteration of cell morphology, chromatin fragmentation, cytochrome c release, and caspase activation were observed. Tetrandrine also induced early oxidative stress, which resulted in activation of JNK, but not ERK and p38 MAPK. A broad-spectrum caspase inhibitor and antioxidants significantly blocked tetrandrine-induced caspase-3 activation. However, inhibition of the JNK activity with SP600125 did not block tetrandrine-induced apoptosis. Tetrandrine-induced apoptosis of U937 cells also required activity of PKC-delta, because pretreatment with a specific PKC-delta inhibitor greatly blocked tetrandrine-induced caspase-3 activation. In addition, the apoptotic response to tetrandrine was significantly attenuated in dominant-negative PKC-delta transfected MCF-7 cells, suggesting that PKC-delta plays an important role in tetrandrine-induced apoptosis and can induce caspase activation. These results suggest that tetrandrine induces oxidative stress, JNK activation, and caspase activation. However, JNK activation by ROS is not involved in the tetrandrine-induced apoptosis. In addition, tetrandrine induces caspase-dependent generation of a catalytically active fragment of PKC-delta, and this fragment also appears to play a role in the activation of caspases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byeong-Churl Jang
- Chronic Disease Research Center, Institute for Medical Science, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu 700-712, South Korea
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35
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Lin S, Fujii M, Hou DX. Rhein induces apoptosis in HL-60 cells via reactive oxygen species-independent mitochondrial death pathway. Arch Biochem Biophys 2003; 418:99-107. [PMID: 14522581 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2003.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Rhein is an anthraquinone compound enriched in the rhizome of rhubarb, a traditional Chinese medicine herb showing anti-tumor promotion function. In this study, we first reported that rhein could induce apoptosis in human promyelocytic leukemia cells (HL-60), characterized by caspase activation, poly(ADP)ribose polymerase (PARP) cleavage, and DNA fragmentation. The efficacious induction of apoptosis was observed at 100 microM for 6h. Mechanistic analysis demonstrated that rhein induced the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (DeltaPsi(m)), cytochrome c release from mitochondrion to cytosol, and cleavage of Bid protein. Rhein also induced generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 kinase. However, these actions seem not to be associated with the apoptosis induction because antioxidants including N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), Tiron, and catalase did not block rhein-induced apoptosis, although they could block the generation of ROS and the phosphorylation of JNK and p38 kinase. Our data demonstrate that rhein induces apoptosis in HL-60 cells via a ROS-independent mitochondrial death pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigang Lin
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, Korimoto 1-21-24, 890-0065, Kagoshima City, Japan
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36
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Stanculescu I, Mandravel C, Delattre F, Landy D, Woisel P, Surpateanu G. Cation binding characteristics of tetrandrine studied by UV-Vis absorption and fluorescence spectroscopies. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s1010-6030(03)00268-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Cui J, Chisti Y. Polysaccharopeptides of Coriolus versicolor: physiological activity, uses, and production. Biotechnol Adv 2003; 21:109-22. [PMID: 14499133 DOI: 10.1016/s0734-9750(03)00002-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The protein-bound polysaccharides or polysaccharopeptides produced by Coriolus versicolor are effective immunopotentiators, which are used to supplement the chemotherapy and radiotherapy of cancers and various infectious diseases. Antitumor activity of polysaccharopeptides has been documented. Several kinds of protein-bound polysaccharides have been shown to be produced by the white rot fungus, C. versicolor. Although some of these polymers are structurally distinct, they are not distinguishable in terms of their physiological activity. This review focuses on the physiologically active polysaccharopeptides of C. versicolor. In nature, C. versicolor occurs as a mushroom body, but the fungus can be grown as mycelial biomass in submerged culture in bioreactors. Mushrooms gathered in the wild, cultivated mushrooms, and the mycelial biomass of submerged culture are used to produce the polysaccharopeptides. Submerged cultures are typically carried out in batches lasting 5-7 days and at 25-27 degrees C. Hot water extraction of the biomass is used to recover the thermostable polysaccharopeptides that are concentrated, purified, and dried into a powder for medicinal use. In view of the documented physiological benefits of these compounds, extensive research is underway on the structure, composition, production methods, and use of new C. versicolor strains for producing the therapeutic biopolymers. Properties, physiological activity, recovery, and purification of the bioactive polysaccharopeptides are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Cui
- Institute of Technology and Engineering PN456, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, 5320, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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38
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Abstract
The control of cancer, the second leading cause of death worldwide, may benefit from the potential that resides in alternative therapies. The primary carcinogens stem from a variety of agricultural, industrial, and dietary factors. Conventional therapies cause serious side effects and, at best, merely extend the patient's lifespan by a few years. There is thus the need to utilise alternative concepts or approaches to the prevention of cancer. This review focuses on the many natural products that have been implicated in cancer prevention and that promote human health without recognisable side effects. These molecules originate from vegetables, fruits, plant extracts, and herbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Reddy
- Department of Biotechnology, Durban Institute of Technology, P.O. Box 1334, Durban 4000, South Africa
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Abstract
The effects of tetrandrine in the human hepatoblastoma G2 (Hep G2) cell line were investigated in this study. The results showed that tetrandrine not only inhibited Hep G2 growth but also induced apoptosis and blocked cell cycle progression in the G1 phase. ELISA assay demonstrated that tetrandrine significantly increased the expression of p53 and p21/WAF1 protein, which caused cell cycle arrest. An enhancement in Fas/APO-1 and its two form ligands, membrane-bound Fas ligand (mFasL) and soluble Fas ligand (sFasL), might be responsible for the apoptotic effect induced by tetrandrine. Taken together, p53 and Fas/FasL apoptotic system possibly participated in the antiproliferative activity of tetrandrine in Hep G2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Lin Kuo
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100 Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Taiwan
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40
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Jin Q, Kang C, Soh Y, Sohn NW, Lee J, Cho YH, Baik HH, Kang I. Tetrandrine cytotoxicity and its dual effect on oxidative stress-induced apoptosis through modulating cellular redox states in Neuro 2a mouse neuroblastoma cells. Life Sci 2002; 71:2053-66. [PMID: 12175898 DOI: 10.1016/s0024-3205(02)01989-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Tetrandrine (TET), a plant alkaloid, is known primarily as a non-selective Ca(2+) channel blocker. On the contrary to the cytoprotective effect on ischemia/reperfusion injury, TET has also been reported to cause cytotoxicity. In this study, we wished to understand the apparently disparate effects of this potential drug and thus investigated molecular mechanisms on proliferation and apoptosis and its effect on oxidative stress-induced apoptosis in Neuro 2a mouse neuroblastoma cells. We showed that TET, at high concentrations, induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis through oxidative stress with following observations. Firstly, 10 microM TET elevated the reactive oxygen species (ROS) level and accordingly depleted glutathione (GSH) content. Secondly, pretreatment with antioxidants (NAC or GSH) protected cells from TET-induced apoptosis. We also demonstrated that treatment with 10 microM TET caused not only induction of p53, p21(waf1), and Bax, but also nuclear translocation of p53 and hypo-phosphorylation of pRb concurrently. Our important finding is that the concentration-dependent dual effect of TET, either inhibiting or promoting cell death induced by H(2)O(2) was observed, probably through regulating redox balance, which was well reflected on the GSH content in each condition. Besides, inhibition of Ca(2+) influx protected cells from H(2)O(2)-induced apoptosis even in the presence of 10 microM TET. Taken together, our data suggest that TET regulation of cellular redox states may play a major role in its dual action of cytotoxicity and cytoprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanri Jin
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, South Korea
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41
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Chu KKW, Ho SSS, Chow AHL. Coriolus versicolor
: A Medicinal Mushroom with Promising Immunotherapeutic Values. J Clin Pharmacol 2002. [DOI: 10.1177/009127000204200904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin K. W. Chu
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong
| | - Susan S. S. Ho
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong
| | - Albert H. L. Chow
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong
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42
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Chen Q, Peng W, Xu A. Apoptosis of a human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell line, PLA-801, induced by acutiaporberine, a novel bisalkaloid derived from Thalictrum acutifolium (Hand.-Mazz.) Boivin. Biochem Pharmacol 2002; 63:1389-96. [PMID: 11996879 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-2952(02)00871-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Acutiaporberine is a novel ether-linked bisalkaloid isolated from the traditional Chinese medicinal herb Thalictrum acutifolium (Hand.-Mazz.) Boivin (TAB). The present study demonstrates for the first time, by means of nuclear staining, DNA agarose gel electrophoresis, and flow cytometry, that acutiaporberine induces apoptosis in PLA-801 cells, a cultured human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell line. An immunohistochemical assay and western immunoblot analysis showed down-regulation of the bcl-2 gene and up-regulation of the bax and c-myc genes in the acutiaporberine-treated cells. The observations also indicate that acutiaporberine induces apoptosis of PLA-801 cells in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. These results suggest that acutiaporberine may be a potential, natural apoptosis-inducing agent for NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Center for Biopharmaceutical Research, School of Life Sciences, Zhongshan University, Guangzhou 510275, China
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Li DG, Wang ZR, Lu HM. Pharmacology of tetrandrine and its therapeutic use in digestive diseases. World J Gastroenterol 2001; 7:627-9. [PMID: 11819843 PMCID: PMC4695563 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v7.i5.627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2001] [Revised: 05/14/2001] [Accepted: 05/16/2001] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- D G Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Second Medical University, Shanghai 200092,China
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Interference of alkaloids with neuroreceptors and ion channels. BIOACTIVE NATURAL PRODUCTS (PART B) 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s1572-5995(00)80004-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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Lai JH, Ho LJ, Kwan CY, Chang DM, Lee TC. Plant alkaloid tetrandrine and its analog block CD28-costimulated activities of human peripheral blood T cells: potential immunosuppressants in transplantation immunology. Transplantation 1999; 68:1383-92. [PMID: 10573080 DOI: 10.1097/00007890-199911150-00027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND T lymphocyte activation mediated by CD28 costimulation plays a critical role in graft rejection. Plant alkaloid tetrandrine, purified from a Chinese antirheumatic herb, is a potent immunosuppressant. Here, we examined its effects on several CD28-costimulated T-cell activities. In addition, such effects were readily compared with the effects of three tetrandrine analogs. METHODS T lymphocytes were purified from whole blood by negative selection. The stimuli that mimic CD28 costimulation included both anti-CD3 + anti-CD28 monoclonal antibody and PMA+anti-CD28 monoclonal antibody. The determination of CD28-costimulated cell proliferation was performed by tritium uptake, cytokine production by ELISA, cell surface interleukin 2Ra and CD69 expression by flow cytometry, and mixed leukocyte reaction by tritium uptake. Drug cytotoxicity was determined by trypan blue exclusion, propidium iodide staining, and MTT colorimetric assays. RESULTS Tetrandrine inhibited CD28-costimulated T-cell proliferation and cytokine production through a mechanism different from that of cyclosporine. In addition, tetrandrine down-regulated both T helper 1 and T helper 2 cytokine production in CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell subpopulations. By examining cytokine production and T-cell activation marker expression, we further demonstrated that, among tetrandrine and its analogs tested, dauricine was the most potent suppressor of CD28-costimulated T-cell activities. Furthermore, the different immunosuppressive activities of these compounds were not associated with their cytotoxic capacities. Finally, the unparalleled inhibitory potency of dauricine on both mixed leukocyte reaction and CD28-costimulated T-cell proliferation suggests that dauricine preferentially targeted CD28-costimulated T-cell activities. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report to show that tetrandrine and its analogs potently inhibited both PMA+CD28-costimulated and CD3 + CD28-costimulated activation of human peripheral blood T cells. Based upon their structural similarity and different immunosuppressive potency, these in vitro data also provide very useful information for further identification and development of more potent and less toxic immunosuppressants to achieve transplantation success.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Lai
- Department of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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Liposomes, micelles and microemulsions as new delivery systems for cytotoxic alkaloids. PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY TODAY 1999; 2:288-298. [PMID: 10407392 DOI: 10.1016/s1461-5347(99)00171-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
This review describes the design and performance of specialized delivery systems, such as liposomes, micellar solutions and microemulsions, for the administration of cytotoxic alkaloids. Special attention is directed towards three types of compound, Vinca, Camptotheca and Taxus alkaloids, which have been previously indicated as of promise as antitumour agents but which still present serious drawbacks. In this respect, this review analyses different delivery strategies that are able to substantially improve the therapeutic applicability of such antitumour drugs.
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Ho LJ, Chang DM, Lee TC, Chang ML, Lai JH. Plant alkaloid tetrandrine downregulates protein kinase C-dependent signaling pathway in T cells. Eur J Pharmacol 1999; 367:389-98. [PMID: 10079015 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-2999(98)00941-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Tetrandrine, a purified traditional Chinese medicinal herb that acts as an immunosuppressant and a Ca2+ channel blocker, has been clinically used to treat patients with arthritis, silicosis and hypertension. Since T cells play a critical role as autoreactive and pathogenic population in autoimmune diseases, in this study, we examined the immunosuppressive effect of tetrandrine on human peripheral blood T cells. We showed that tetrandrine inhibited phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) + ionomycin-induced T cell proliferation, interleukin-2 secretion and the expression of the T cell activation antigen, CD71. Further investigation of the molecular mechanism demonstrated that tetrandrine inhibited the expression of the protein kinase C-dependent interleukin-2 receptor alpha chain and CD69 but not the expression of the Ca2+-dependent CD40 ligand and CD69. Interestingly, when tetrandrine and cyclosporin A were added together, significant synergism in the suppression of T cell activation was observed. Moreover, of the several tetrandrine analogues studied, hernandezine was the most potent inhibitor of protein kinase C signaling events. These results also suggest that the protein kinase C-inhibitory capacity of tetrandrine and its analogues may not be associated with their function as Ca2+ channel blockers. Lastly, we showed that, within therapeutic concentrations, tetrandrine and its analogues could induce cellular apoptosis, which is defective in autoimmune diseases. In conclusion, our findings provide novel information about the molecular mechanism of the immunosuppressive effect of tetrandrine and its analogues in human peripheral blood T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- L J Ho
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
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