1
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Thomas SP, Spinelli MM, Rghei AD, Lopes JA, Zielinska N, McLeod BM, Pei Y, Zhang W, Thebaud B, Karimi K, Wootton SK. Analysis of the impact of pluronic acid on the thermal stability and infectivity of AAV6.2FF. BMC Biotechnol 2024; 24:22. [PMID: 38664752 PMCID: PMC11045451 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-024-00853-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The advancement of AAV vectors into clinical testing has accelerated rapidly over the past two decades. While many of the AAV vectors being utilized in clinical trials are derived from natural serotypes, engineered serotypes are progressing toward clinical translation due to their enhanced tissue tropism and immune evasive properties. However, novel AAV vectors require formulation and stability testing to determine optimal storage conditions prior to their use in a clinical setting. RESULTS Here, we evaluated the thermal stability of AAV6.2FF, a rationally engineered capsid with strong tropism for lung and muscle, in two different buffer formulations; phosphate buffered saline (PBS), or PBS supplemented with 0.001% non-ionic surfactant Pluronic F68 (PF-68). Aliquots of AAV6.2FF vector encoding the firefly luciferase reporter gene (AAV6.2FF-ffLuc) were incubated at temperatures ranging from -20°C to 55°C for varying periods of time and the impact on infectivity and particle integrity evaluated. Additionally, the impact of several rounds of freeze-thaw treatments on the infectivity of AAV6.2FF was investigated. Vector infectivity was measured by quantifying firefly luciferase expression in HEK 293 cells and AAV particle integrity was measured by qPCR quantification of encapsidated viral DNA. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrate that formulating AAV6.2FF in PBS containing 0.001% PF-68 leads to increased stability and particle integrity at temperatures between -20℃ to 21℃ and protection against the destructive effects of freeze-thaw. Finally, AAV6.2FF-GFP formulated in PBS supplemented with 0.001% PF-68 displayed higher transduction efficiency in vivo in murine lung epithelial cells following intranasal administration than vector buffered in PBS alone further demonstrating the beneficial properties of PF-68.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia P Thomas
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Marcus M Spinelli
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Amira D Rghei
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Jordyn A Lopes
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Nicole Zielinska
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Benjamin M McLeod
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Yanlong Pei
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Bernard Thebaud
- The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, K1Y 4E9, Canada
| | - Khalil Karimi
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Sarah K Wootton
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada.
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2
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Naghdi A, Domínguez-Gutiérrez FJ, Huo WY, Karimi K, Papanikolaou S. Dynamic Nanoindentation and Short-Range Order in Equiatomic NiCoCr Medium-Entropy Alloy Lead to Novel Density Wave Ordering. Phys Rev Lett 2024; 132:116101. [PMID: 38563927 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.116101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Chemical short-range order is believed to be a key contributor to the exceptional properties of multicomponent alloys. However, its direct validation and confirmation has been highly elusive in most compounds. Recent studies for equiatomic NiCoCr alloys have shown that thermal treatments (i.e., annealing and aging) may facilitate and manipulate such ordering. In this work, by using molecular simulations, we show that nanomechanical probes, such as nanoindentation, may be utilized toward further manipulation of chemical short-range order, providing explicit validation pathways. By using well established interatomic potentials, we perform hybrid molecular-dynamics-Monte Carlo at room temperature to demonstrate that particular dwell nanoindentation protocols can lead, through thermal Monte Carlo equilibration, to local reorganization under the indenter tip, toward a density-wave stripe pattern. We characterize the novel density-wave structures, which are highly anisotropic and dependent on local, nanoindentation-induced stress concentrations, and we show how they deeply originate from intrinsic features of interelemental interactions. Furthermore, we show that these novel patterns consistently scale with the incipient plastic zone, under the indenter tip, justifying their observation at experimentally feasible nanoindentation depths.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Naghdi
- NOMATEN Centre of Excellence, National Center for Nuclear Research, ulica A. Sołtana 7, 05-400 Swierk/Otwock, Poland
- IDEAS NCBR, ulica Chmielna 69, 00-801 Warsaw, Poland
| | - F J Domínguez-Gutiérrez
- NOMATEN Centre of Excellence, National Center for Nuclear Research, ulica A. Sołtana 7, 05-400 Swierk/Otwock, Poland
| | - W Y Huo
- NOMATEN Centre of Excellence, National Center for Nuclear Research, ulica A. Sołtana 7, 05-400 Swierk/Otwock, Poland
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - K Karimi
- NOMATEN Centre of Excellence, National Center for Nuclear Research, ulica A. Sołtana 7, 05-400 Swierk/Otwock, Poland
| | - S Papanikolaou
- NOMATEN Centre of Excellence, National Center for Nuclear Research, ulica A. Sołtana 7, 05-400 Swierk/Otwock, Poland
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3
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Mehrani Y, Morovati S, Tajik T, Sarmadi S, Bitaraf A, Sourani Z, Shahverdi M, Javadi H, Kakish JE, Bridle BW, Karimi K. Communication between Mast Cells and Group 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells in the Skin. Cells 2024; 13:462. [PMID: 38474426 DOI: 10.3390/cells13050462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The skin is a dynamic organ with a complex immune network critical for maintaining balance and defending against various pathogens. Different types of cells in the skin, such as mast cells (MCs) and group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s), contribute to immune regulation and play essential roles in the early immune response to various triggers, including allergens. It is beneficial to dissect cell-to-cell interactions in the skin to elucidate the mechanisms underlying skin immunity. The current manuscript concentrates explicitly on the communication pathways between MCs and ILC2s in the skin, highlighting their ability to regulate immune responses, inflammation, and tissue repair. Furthermore, it discusses how the interactions between MCs and ILC2s play a crucial role in various skin conditions, such as autoimmune diseases, dermatological disorders, and allergic reactions. Understanding the complex interactions between MCs and ILC2s in different skin conditions is crucial to developing targeted treatments for related disorders. The discovery of shared pathways could pave the way for novel therapeutic interventions to restore immunological balance in diseased skin tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeganeh Mehrani
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad 91779-48974, Iran
| | - Solmaz Morovati
- Division of Biotechnology, Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz 71557-13876, Iran
| | - Tahmineh Tajik
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad 91779-48974, Iran
| | - Soroush Sarmadi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran 14199-63114, Iran
| | - Ali Bitaraf
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14167-53955, Iran
| | - Zahra Sourani
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord 88186-34141, Iran
| | - Mohammad Shahverdi
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord 88186-34141, Iran
- Clinical Biochemistry Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord 88157-13471, Iran
| | - Helia Javadi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Julia E Kakish
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Byram W Bridle
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Khalil Karimi
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
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4
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Raj S, Alizadeh M, Matsuyama-Kato A, Boodhoo N, Denis MS, Nagy É, Mubareka S, Karimi K, Behboudi S, Sharif S. Efficacy of an inactivated influenza vaccine adjuvanted with Toll-like receptor ligands against transmission of H9N2 avian influenza virus in chickens. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2024; 268:110715. [PMID: 38219434 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2024.110715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Avian influenza viruses (AIV), including the H9N2 subtype, pose a major threat to the poultry industry as well as to human health. Although vaccination provides a protective control measure, its effect on transmission remains uncertain in chickens. The objective of the present study was to investigate the efficacy of beta-propiolactone (BPL) whole inactivated H9N2 virus (WIV) vaccine either alone or in combination with CpG ODN 2007 (CpG), poly(I:C) or AddaVax™ (ADD) to prevent H9N2 AIV transmission in chickens. The seeder chickens (trial 1) and recipient chickens (trial 2) were vaccinated twice with different vaccine formulations. Ten days after secondary vaccination, seeder chickens were infected with H9N2 AIV (trial 1) and co-housed with healthy recipient chickens. In trial 2, the recipient chickens were vaccinated and then exposed to H9N2 AIV-infected seeder chickens. Our results demonstrated that BPL+ CpG and BPL+ poly(I:C) treated chickens exhibited reduced oral and cloacal shedding in both trials post-exposure (PE). The number of H9N2 AIV+ recipient chickens in the BPL+ CpG group (trial 1) was lower than in other vaccinated groups, and the reduction was higher in BPL+ CpG recipient chickens in trial 2. BPL+ CpG vaccinated chickens demonstrated enhanced systemic antibody responses with high IgM and IgY titers with higher rates of seroprotection by day 21 post-primary vaccination (ppv). Additionally, the induction of IFN-γ expression and production was higher in the BPL+ CpG treated chickens. Interleukin (IL)- 2 expression was upregulated in both BPL+ CpG and BPL+ poly(I:C) groups at 12 and 24 hr post-stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sugandha Raj
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Mohammadali Alizadeh
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Ayumi Matsuyama-Kato
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Nitish Boodhoo
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Myles St Denis
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Éva Nagy
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Samira Mubareka
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Khalil Karimi
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Shahriar Behboudi
- The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Woking, Surrey GU24 0NE, United Kingdom
| | - Shayan Sharif
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
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5
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Thomas SP, Domm JM, van Vloten JP, Xu L, Vadivel A, Yates JGE, Pei Y, Ingrao J, van Lieshout LP, Jackson SR, Minott JA, Achuthan A, Mehrani Y, McAusland TM, Zhang W, Karimi K, Vaughan AE, de Jong J, Kang MH, Thebaud B, Wootton SK. A promoterless AAV6.2FF-based lung gene editing platform for the correction of surfactant protein B deficiency. Mol Ther 2023; 31:3457-3477. [PMID: 37805711 PMCID: PMC10727957 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2023.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Surfactant protein B (SP-B) deficiency is a rare genetic disease that causes fatal respiratory failure within the first year of life. Currently, the only corrective treatment is lung transplantation. Here, we co-transduced the murine lung with adeno-associated virus 6.2FF (AAV6.2FF) vectors encoding a SaCas9-guide RNA nuclease or donor template to mediate insertion of promoterless reporter genes or the (murine) Sftpb gene in frame with the endogenous surfactant protein C (SP-C) gene, without disrupting SP-C expression. Intranasal administration of 3 × 1011 vg donor template and 1 × 1011 vg nuclease consistently edited approximately 6% of lung epithelial cells. Frequency of gene insertion increased in a dose-dependent manner, reaching 20%-25% editing efficiency with the highest donor template and nuclease doses tested. We next evaluated whether this promoterless gene editing platform could extend survival in the conditional SP-B knockout mouse model. Administration of 1 × 1012 vg SP-B-donor template and 5 × 1011 vg nuclease significantly extended median survival (p = 0.0034) from 5 days in the untreated off doxycycline group to 16 days in the donor AAV and nuclease group, with one gene-edited mouse living 243 days off doxycycline. This AAV6.2FF-based gene editing platform has the potential to correct SP-B deficiency, as well as other disorders of alveolar type II cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia P Thomas
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Jakob M Domm
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Jacob P van Vloten
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Liqun Xu
- Regenerative Medicine Program, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (OHRI), Ottawa, ON, Canada; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CHEO), and CHEO Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4E9, Canada
| | - Arul Vadivel
- Regenerative Medicine Program, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (OHRI), Ottawa, ON, Canada; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CHEO), and CHEO Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4E9, Canada
| | - Jacob G E Yates
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Yanlong Pei
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Joelle Ingrao
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | | | - Sergio R Jackson
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jessica A Minott
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Adithya Achuthan
- Regenerative Medicine Program, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (OHRI), Ottawa, ON, Canada; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CHEO), and CHEO Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4E9, Canada
| | - Yeganeh Mehrani
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Thomas M McAusland
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Khalil Karimi
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Andrew E Vaughan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jondavid de Jong
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Martin H Kang
- Department of Pediatrics, Darby Children's Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Bernard Thebaud
- Regenerative Medicine Program, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (OHRI), Ottawa, ON, Canada; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CHEO), and CHEO Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4E9, Canada
| | - Sarah K Wootton
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
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6
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Chan L, Mehrani Y, Minott JA, Bridle BW, Karimi K. Dendritic Cell Vaccines Impact the Type 2 Innate Lymphoid Cell Population and Their Cytokine Generation in Mice. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1559. [PMID: 37896962 PMCID: PMC10610585 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11101559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cell (DC) vaccines can stimulate the immune system to target cancer antigens, making them a promising therapy in immunotherapy. Clinical trials have shown limited effectiveness of DC vaccines, highlighting the need to enhance the immune responses they generate. Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are a diverse group of innate leukocytes that produce various cytokines and regulate the immune system. These cells have the potential to improve immunotherapies. There is not much research on how group 2 ILCs (ILC2s) communicate with DC vaccines. Therefore, examining the roles of DC vaccination in immune responses is crucial. Our research analyzed the effects of DC vaccination on the ILC2 populations and their cytokine production. By exploring the relationship between ILC2s and DCs, we aimed to understand how this could affect DC-based immunotherapies. The results showed an increase in the number of ILC2s in the local draining lymph node and spleen of tumor-free mice, as well as in the lungs of mice challenged with tumors in a pulmonary metastasis model. This suggests a complex interplay between DC-based vaccines and ILC2s, which is further influenced by the presence of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lily Chan
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (L.C.); (Y.M.); (J.A.M.)
| | - Yeganeh Mehrani
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (L.C.); (Y.M.); (J.A.M.)
- Department of Clinical Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad P.O. Box 91775-1111, Iran
| | - Jessica A. Minott
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (L.C.); (Y.M.); (J.A.M.)
| | - Byram W. Bridle
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (L.C.); (Y.M.); (J.A.M.)
| | - Khalil Karimi
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (L.C.); (Y.M.); (J.A.M.)
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Mehrani Y, Knapp JP, Kakish JE, Tieu S, Javadi H, Chan L, Stegelmeier AA, Napoleoni C, Bridle BW, Karimi K. Murine Mast Cells That Are Deficient in IFNAR-Signaling Respond to Viral Infection by Producing a Large Amount of Inflammatory Cytokines, a Low Level of Reactive Oxygen Species, and a High Rate of Cell Death. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14141. [PMID: 37762443 PMCID: PMC10531704 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mat cells (MCs) are located in the skin and mucous membranes at points where the body meets the environment. When activated, MCs release inflammatory cytokines, which help the immune system to fight viruses. MCs produce, and have receptors for interferons (IFNs), which belong to a family of cytokines recognized for their antiviral properties. Previously, we reported that MCs produced proinflammatory cytokines in response to a recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (rVSVΔm51) and that IFNAR signaling was required to down-modulate these responses. Here, we have demonstrated that UV-irradiated rVSVΔm51 did not cause any inflammatory cytokines in either in vitro cultured mouse IFNAR-intact (IFNAR+/+), or in IFNAR-knockout (IFNAR-/-) MCs. However, the non-irradiated virus was able to replicate more effectively in IFNAR-/- MCs and produced a higher level of inflammatory cytokines compared with the IFNAR+/+ MCs. Interestingly, MCs lacking IFNAR expression displayed reduced levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) compared with IFNAR+/+ MCs. Additionally, upon the viral infection, these IFNAR-/- MCs were found to coexist with many dying cells within the cell population. Based on our findings, IFNAR-intact MCs exhibit a lower rate of rVSVΔm51 infectivity and lower levels of cytokines while demonstrating higher levels of ROS. This suggests that MCs with intact IFNAR signaling may survive viral infections by producing cell-protective ROS mechanisms and are less likely to die than IFNAR-/- cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeganeh Mehrani
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (Y.M.); (J.P.K.); (J.E.K.); (S.T.); (L.C.); (A.A.S.); (C.N.)
- Department of Clinical Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Azadi Square, Mashhad 9177948974, Iran
| | - Jason P. Knapp
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (Y.M.); (J.P.K.); (J.E.K.); (S.T.); (L.C.); (A.A.S.); (C.N.)
| | - Julia E. Kakish
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (Y.M.); (J.P.K.); (J.E.K.); (S.T.); (L.C.); (A.A.S.); (C.N.)
| | - Sophie Tieu
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (Y.M.); (J.P.K.); (J.E.K.); (S.T.); (L.C.); (A.A.S.); (C.N.)
| | - Helia Javadi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada;
| | - Lily Chan
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (Y.M.); (J.P.K.); (J.E.K.); (S.T.); (L.C.); (A.A.S.); (C.N.)
| | - Ashley A. Stegelmeier
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (Y.M.); (J.P.K.); (J.E.K.); (S.T.); (L.C.); (A.A.S.); (C.N.)
| | - Christina Napoleoni
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (Y.M.); (J.P.K.); (J.E.K.); (S.T.); (L.C.); (A.A.S.); (C.N.)
| | - Byram W. Bridle
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (Y.M.); (J.P.K.); (J.E.K.); (S.T.); (L.C.); (A.A.S.); (C.N.)
| | - Khalil Karimi
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (Y.M.); (J.P.K.); (J.E.K.); (S.T.); (L.C.); (A.A.S.); (C.N.)
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8
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Mehrani Y, Morovati S, Tieu S, Karimi N, Javadi H, Vanderkamp S, Sarmadi S, Tajik T, Kakish JE, Bridle BW, Karimi K. Vitamin D Influences the Activity of Mast Cells in Allergic Manifestations and Potentiates Their Effector Functions against Pathogens. Cells 2023; 12:2271. [PMID: 37759494 PMCID: PMC10528041 DOI: 10.3390/cells12182271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) are abundant at sites exposed to the external environment and pathogens. Local activation of these cells, either directly via pathogen recognition or indirectly via interaction with other activated immune cells and results in the release of pre-stored mediators in MC granules. The release of these pre-stored mediators helps to enhance pathogen clearance. While MCs are well known for their protective role against parasites, there is also significant evidence in the literature demonstrating their ability to respond to viral, bacterial, and fungal infections. Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin and hormone that plays a vital role in regulating calcium and phosphorus metabolism to maintain skeletal homeostasis. Emerging evidence suggests that vitamin D also has immunomodulatory properties on both the innate and adaptive immune systems, making it a critical regulator of immune homeostasis. Vitamin D binds to its receptor, called the vitamin D receptor (VDR), which is present in almost all immune system cells. The literature suggests that a vitamin D deficiency can activate MCs, and vitamin D is necessary for MC stabilization. This manuscript explores the potential of vitamin D to regulate MC activity and combat pathogens, with a focus on its ability to fight viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeganeh Mehrani
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (Y.M.); (S.T.); (S.V.); (J.E.K.)
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad 91779-48974, Iran;
| | - Solmaz Morovati
- Division of Biotechnology, Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz 71557-13876, Iran;
| | - Sophie Tieu
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (Y.M.); (S.T.); (S.V.); (J.E.K.)
| | - Negar Karimi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad 91779-48974, Iran;
| | - Helia Javadi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada;
| | - Sierra Vanderkamp
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (Y.M.); (S.T.); (S.V.); (J.E.K.)
| | - Soroush Sarmadi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran 14174-66191, Iran;
| | - Tahmineh Tajik
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad 91779-48974, Iran;
| | - Julia E. Kakish
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (Y.M.); (S.T.); (S.V.); (J.E.K.)
| | - Byram W. Bridle
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (Y.M.); (S.T.); (S.V.); (J.E.K.)
| | - Khalil Karimi
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (Y.M.); (S.T.); (S.V.); (J.E.K.)
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9
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Villalobos-Tinoco JV, Fischer NG, Jurado CA, Flores-Reyes J, Karimi K, Tsujimoto A. Ultrathin Partial Ceramic Veneers in the Esthetic Zone with Tooth Whitening: A 5-year Case Report. Oper Dent 2023:492393. [PMID: 37079913 DOI: 10.2341/22-081-s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This case report describes a minimally invasive approach with tooth whitening and partial ceramic veneers in the esthetic zone with a 5-year follow-up. CLINICAL CONSIDERATIONS The patient was initially concerned about the tooth color and previous direct resin composite restorations that chipped on the incisal edges of both maxillary central incisors. Tooth whitening and partial veneers for both central incisors were recommended after clinical evaluation. Two sessions of in-office tooth whitening, first with 35% hydrogen peroxide and later with 10% carbamide peroxide from first premolar to first premolar, were provided. Minimal tooth preparation that only removed the fractured composite restorations was performed followed by placement of feldspathic porcelain ultrathin partial ceramic veneers for both central incisors. We emphasize the benefits of minimal tooth preparation paired with partial ceramic veneers and the importance of masking discolored tooth structure with such thin veneers, including potential tooth whitening. CONCLUSIONS Overall, we demonstrate a well-planned and executed restorative procedure combining tooth whitening and ultrathin partial ceramic veneers to achieve desired results in the esthetic zone that remained successful for five years.
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Affiliation(s)
- J V Villalobos-Tinoco
- Jose Villalobos-Tinoco, DDS, MS, assistant professor, Oral Rehabilitation, Universidad Autonoma de Queretaro School of Dentistry. Queretaro, Mexico
| | - N G Fischer
- *Nicholas G. Fischer, PhD, fellow, Minnesota Dental Research Center for Biomaterials and Biomechanics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - C A Jurado
- Carlos Alberto Jurado, DDS, MS, associate professor, Department of Prosthodontics, University of Iowa College of Dentistry, IA, USA
| | - J Flores-Reyes
- Julio Flores-Reyes, CDT, dental technician, Morelia, Mexico
| | - K Karimi
- Kiarash Karimi, DMD, DDS, adjunct faculty, Department of Restorative Sciences, University of California Los Angeles School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - A Tsujimoto
- Akimasa Tsujimoto, DDS, PhD, associate professor, Department of Operative Dentistry, University of Iowa College of Dentistry, Iowa City, Iowa, USA and visiting associate professor, Department of General Dentistry, Creighton University School of Dentistry, Omaha, NE, USA
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10
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Raj S, Matsuyama-Kato A, Alizadeh M, Boodhoo N, Nagy E, Mubareka S, Karimi K, Behboudi S, Sharif S. Treatment with Toll-like Receptor (TLR) Ligands 3 and 21 Prevents Fecal Contact Transmission of Low Pathogenic H9N2 Avian Influenza Virus (AIV) in Chickens. Viruses 2023; 15:v15040977. [PMID: 37112957 PMCID: PMC10146471 DOI: 10.3390/v15040977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Transmission of H9N2 avian influenza virus (AIV) can occur in poultry by direct or indirect contact with infected individuals, aerosols, large droplets and fomites. The current study investigated the potential of H9N2 AIV transmission in chickens via a fecal route. Transmission was monitored by exposing naïve chickens to fecal material from H9N2 AIV-infected chickens (model A) and experimentally spiked feces (model B). The control chickens received H9N2 AIV. Results revealed that H9N2 AIV could persist in feces for up to 60-84 h post-exposure (PE). The H9N2 AIV titers in feces were higher at a basic to neutral pH. A higher virus shedding was observed in the exposed chickens of model B compared to model A. We further addressed the efficacy of Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands to limit transmission in the fecal model. Administration of CpG ODN 2007 or poly(I:C) alone or in combination led to an overall decrease in the virus shedding, with enhanced expression of type I and II interferons (IFNs) and interferon-stimulating genes (ISGs) in different segments of the small intestine. Overall, the study highlighted that the H9N2 AIV can survive in feces and transmit to healthy naïve chickens. Moreover, TLR ligands could be applied to transmission studies to enhance antiviral immunity and reduce H9N2 AIV shedding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sugandha Raj
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Ayumi Matsuyama-Kato
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Mohammadali Alizadeh
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Nitish Boodhoo
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Eva Nagy
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Samira Mubareka
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Khalil Karimi
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | | | - Shayan Sharif
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
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11
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Karimi K, Fischer NG, Jurado CA, Villalobos-Tinoco J, Tsujimoto A. Polychromatic Composite and Resin Infiltration Restorations in the Esthetic Zone: A Five-year Clinical Report. Oper Dent 2023:491444. [PMID: 36917631 DOI: 10.2341/22-033-s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This case report describes the use of a combination of a polychromatic resin composite restoration and resin infiltration to achieve a satisfactory esthetic outcome that has lasted over five years. CLINICAL CONSIDERATIONS The patient's primary complaint was a desire to replace an existing stained resin composite on the facial and mesial surfaces of the maxillary left central incisor, and a white spot on the facial surface of the maxillary right central incisor. After clinical evaluation, the patient was offered either replacement of the restoration with a polychromatic restoration simulating a white spot, or a combined treatment with polychromatic composite and resin infiltration restorations, which was recommended. The patient selected the latter treatment. A putty matrix was fabricated, and a quick mock-up was done using various enamel and dentin shades of resin composite to determine proper material selection. The previous resin composite restoration was removed, and layers of new dentin, body, and enamel composite were placed. An interproximal matrix was used in order to provide ideal contour and contact. Finishing and polishing procedures were performed. The maxillary right central incisor was treated with resin infiltration in order to subdue the white spot on the facial surface. CONCLUSIONS Polychromatic resin composite and resin infiltration restorations to replace a stained restoration and mask a white spot can achieve desired results in the esthetic zone and maintain them for five years.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Karimi
- Kiarash Karimi, DDS, DMD, adjunct faculty, University of California Los Angeles School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - N G Fischer
- *Nicholas G Fischer, PhD, fellow, Minnesota Dental Research Center for Biomaterials and Biomechanics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - C A Jurado
- Carlos Alberto Jurado, DDS, MS, associate professor at University of Iowa College of Dentistry, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - J Villalobos-Tinoco
- Jose Villalobos-Tinoco, DDS, MS, assistant professor, Universidad Autonoma de Queretaro School of Dentistry, Queretaro, Mexico
| | - A Tsujimoto
- Akimasa Tsujimoto, DDS, PhD, associate professor, University of Iowa College of Dentistry, Iowa City, IA, USA
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12
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Rghei AD, Yates JGE, Lopes JA, Zhan X, Guilleman MM, Pei Y, van Lieshout LP, Santry LA, Bridle BW, Karimi K, Thompson B, Susta L, Crowe JE, Wootton SK. Antibody-based protection against respiratory syncytial virus in mice and their offspring through vectored immunoprophylaxis. Gene Ther 2023:10.1038/s41434-023-00385-2. [PMID: 36732618 DOI: 10.1038/s41434-023-00385-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes acute lower respiratory tract infections, with potential lower respiratory tract infections, which can be particularly problematic in infants and the elderly. There are no approved vaccines for RSV. The current standard of care for high-risk individuals is monthly administration of palivizumab, a humanized murine monoclonal antibody (mAb) targeting the RSV fusion protein. Adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated expression of mAbs has previously led to sustained expression of therapeutic concentrations of mAbs in several animal models, representing an alternative to repetitive passive administration. Intramuscular (IM) administration of AAV6.2FF expressing RSV antibodies, palivizumab or hRSV90, resulted in high concentrations of human (h)IgG1 mAbs in the serum and at various mucosal surfaces, while intranasal administration limited hIgG expression to the respiratory tract. IM administration of AAV6.2FF-hRSV90 or AAV6.2FF-palivizumab in a murine model provided sterilizing immunity against challenge with RSV A2. Evidence of maternal passive transfer of vectorized hRSV90 was detected in both murine and ovine models, with circulating mAbs providing sterilizing immunity in mouse progeny. Finally, addition of a "kill switch" comprised of LoxP sites flanking the mAb genes resulted in diminished serum hIgG after AAV-DJ-mediated delivery of Cre recombinase to the same muscle group that was originally transduced with the AAV-mAb vector. The ability of this AAV-mAb system to mediate robust, sustained mAb expression for maternal transfer to progeny in murine and ovine models emphasizes the potential of this platform for use as an alternative prophylactic vaccine for protection against neonatal infections, particularly in high-risk infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira D Rghei
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Jacob G E Yates
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Jordyn A Lopes
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Xuiaoyan Zhan
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232-0417, USA
| | - Matthew M Guilleman
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Yanlong Pei
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | | | - Lisa A Santry
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Byram W Bridle
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Khalil Karimi
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | | | - Leonardo Susta
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - James E Crowe
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232-0417, USA
| | - Sarah K Wootton
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada.
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13
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Raj S, Alizadeh M, Shoojadoost B, Hodgins D, Nagy É, Mubareka S, Karimi K, Behboudi S, Sharif S. Determining the Protective Efficacy of Toll-Like Receptor Ligands to Minimize H9N2 Avian Influenza Virus Transmission in Chickens. Viruses 2023; 15:238. [PMID: 36680279 PMCID: PMC9861619 DOI: 10.3390/v15010238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Low-pathogenicity avian influenza viruses (AIV) of the H9N2 subtype can infect and cause disease in chickens. Little is known about the efficacy of immune-based strategies for reducing the transmission of these viruses. The present study investigated the efficacy of Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands (CpG ODN 2007 and poly(I:C)) to reduce H9N2 AIV transmission from TLR-treated seeder (trial 1) or inoculated chickens (trial 2) to naive chickens. The results from trial 1 revealed that a low dose of CpG ODN 2007 led to the highest reduction in oral shedding, and a high dose of poly(I:C) was effective at reducing oral and cloacal shedding. Regarding transmission, the recipient chickens exposed to CpG ODN 2007 low-dose-treated seeder chickens showed a maximum reduction in shedding with the lowest number of AIV+ chickens. The results from trial 2 revealed a maximum reduction in oral and cloacal shedding in the poly(I:C) high-dose-treated chickens (recipients), followed by the low-dose CpG ODN 2007 group. In these two groups, the expression of type I interferons (IFNs), protein kinase R (PKR), interferon-induced transmembrane protein 3 (IFITM3), viperin, and (interleukin) IL-1β, IL-8, and 1L-18 was upregulated in the spleen, cecal tonsils and lungs. Hence, TLR ligands can reduce AIV transmission in chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sugandha Raj
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Mohammadali Alizadeh
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | | | - Douglas Hodgins
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Éva Nagy
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Samira Mubareka
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Khalil Karimi
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | | | - Shayan Sharif
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
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14
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Chan L, Wood GA, Wootton SK, Bridle BW, Karimi K. Neutrophils in Dendritic Cell-Based Cancer Vaccination: The Potential Roles of Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Formation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24020896. [PMID: 36674412 PMCID: PMC9866544 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24020896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils have conflicting roles in the context of cancers, where they have been associated with contributing to both anti-tumor and pro-tumor responses. Their functional heterogenicity is plastic and can be manipulated by environmental stimuli, which has fueled an area of research investigating therapeutic strategies targeting neutrophils. Dendritic cell (DC)-based cancer vaccination is an immunotherapy that has exhibited clinical promise but has shown limited clinical efficacy. Enhancing our understanding of the communications occurring during DC cancer vaccination can uncover opportunities for enhancing the DC vaccine platform. There have been observed communications between neutrophils and DCs during natural immune responses. However, their crosstalk has been poorly studied in the context of DC vaccination. Here, we review the dual functionality of neutrophils in the context of cancers, describe the crosstalk between neutrophils and DCs during immune responses, and discuss their implications in DC cancer vaccination. This discussion will focus on how neutrophil extracellular traps can influence immune responses in the tumor microenvironment and what roles they may play in promoting or hindering DC vaccine-induced anti-tumor efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lily Chan
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Geoffrey A. Wood
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Sarah K. Wootton
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Byram W. Bridle
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
- ImmunoCeutica Inc., Cambridge, ON N1T 1N6, Canada
| | - Khalil Karimi
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(519)-824-4120 (ext. 54668)
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15
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Chan L, Mehrani Y, Wood GA, Bridle BW, Karimi K. Dendritic Cell-Based Vaccines Recruit Neutrophils to the Local Draining Lymph Nodes to Prime Natural Killer Cell Responses. Cells 2022; 12:cells12010121. [PMID: 36611923 PMCID: PMC9818417 DOI: 10.3390/cells12010121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cell (DC)-based cancer vaccines are a form of immunotherapy that activates the innate and adaptive immune systems to combat cancers. Neutrophils contribute to cancer biology and have the potential to be exploited by immunotherapeutic platforms to enhance anti-tumor immune responses. We previously showed that DC vaccines elicit the expansion of mouse interferon (IFN)γ-producing mature natural killer (NK) cells to elevate anti-tumor responses. Here, we demonstrate the rapid recruitment of neutrophils to the draining lymph nodes of DC-vaccinated mice. This was accompanied by an increase in the total number of NK cells producing IFNγ and expressing CD107a, a marker of degranulation that demonstrates NK cell functional activity. Furthermore, the depletion of neutrophils in DC-immunized mice resulted in decreased numbers of NK cells in draining lymph nodes compared to the controls. Interestingly, the increased number of IFNγ- and CD107a-expressing NK cells in DC-immunized mice was not detected in mice depleted of neutrophils. Further investigations showed that DC vaccines induced IFNγ- and TNFα-producing CD8+ T cells that also expressed CD107a, but depletion of neutrophils did not have any impact on the CD8+ T cell population. Our findings suggest that neutrophil-mediated anti-tumor immunity induced by a DC vaccine platform could be targeted to provide innovative strategies to enhance its clinical efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lily Chan
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Yeganeh Mehrani
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
- Department of Clinical Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad 91779-48974, Iran
| | - Geoffrey A. Wood
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Byram W. Bridle
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
- ImmunoCeutica Inc., Cambridge, ON N1T 1N6, Canada
| | - Khalil Karimi
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(519)-824-4120 (ext. 54668)
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16
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Minott JA, van Vloten JP, Yates JGE, Chan L, Wood GA, Viloria-Petit AM, Karimi K, Petrik JJ, Wootton SK, Bridle BW. Multiplex flow cytometry-based assay for quantifying tumor- and virus-associated antibodies induced by immunotherapies. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1038340. [PMID: 36466867 PMCID: PMC9708883 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1038340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Novel immunotherapies continue to be developed and tested for application against a plethora of diseases. The clinical translation of immunotherapies requires an understanding of their mechanisms. The contributions of antibodies in driving long-term responses following immunotherapies continue to be revealed given their diverse effector functions. Developing an in-depth understanding of the role of antibodies in treatment efficacy is required to optimize immunotherapies and improve the chance of successfully translating them into the clinic. However, analyses of antibody responses can be challenging in the context of antigen-agnostic immunotherapies, particularly in the context of cancers that lack pre-defined target antigens. As such, robust methods are needed to evaluate the capacity of a given immunotherapy to induce beneficial antibody responses, and to identify any therapy-limiting antibodies. We previously developed a comprehensive method for detecting antibody responses induced by antigen-agnostic immunotherapies for application in pre-clinical models of vaccinology and cancer therapy. Here, we extend this method to a high-throughput, flow cytometry-based assay able to identify and quantify isotype-specific virus- and tumor-associated antibody responses induced by immunotherapies using small sample volumes with rapid speed and high sensitivity. This method provides a valuable and flexible protocol for investigating antibody responses induced by immunotherapies, which researchers can use to expand their analyses and optimize their own treatment regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A. Minott
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | | | - Jacob G. E. Yates
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Lily Chan
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Geoffrey A. Wood
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | | | - Khalil Karimi
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - James J. Petrik
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Sarah K. Wootton
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Byram W. Bridle
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
- ImmunoCeutica Inc., Cambridge, ON, Canada
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17
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Tieu S, Charchoglyan A, Wagter-Lesperance L, Karimi K, Bridle BW, Karrow NA, Mallard BA. Immunoceuticals: Harnessing Their Immunomodulatory Potential to Promote Health and Wellness. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14194075. [PMID: 36235727 PMCID: PMC9571036 DOI: 10.3390/nu14194075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Knowledge that certain nutraceuticals can modulate the immune system is not new. These naturally occurring compounds are known as immunoceuticals, which is a novel term that refers to products and systems that naturally improve an individual’s immuno-competence. Examples of immunoceuticals include vitamin D3, mushroom glycans, flavonols, quercetin, omega-3 fatty acids, carotenoids, and micronutrients (e.g., zinc and selenium), to name a few. The immune system is a complex and highly intricate system comprising molecules, cells, tissues, and organs that are regulated by many different genetic and environmental factors. There are instances, such as pathological conditions, in which a normal immune response is suboptimal or inappropriate and thus augmentation or tuning of the immune response by immunoceuticals may be desired. With infectious diseases, cancers, autoimmune disorders, inflammatory conditions, and allergies on the rise in both humans and animals, the importance of the use of immunoceuticals to prevent, treat, or augment the treatment of these conditions is becoming more evident as a natural and often economical approach to support wellness. The global nutraceuticals market, which includes immunoceuticals, is a multi-billion-dollar industry, with a market size value of USD 454.55 billion in 2021, which is expected to reach USD 991.09 billion by 2030. This review will provide an overview of the immune system, the importance of immunomodulation, and defining and testing for immunocompetence, followed by a discussion of several key immunoceuticals with clinically proven and evidence-based immunomodulatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Tieu
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Armen Charchoglyan
- ImmunoCeutica Inc., Cambridge, ON N1T 1N6, Canada
- Advanced Analysis Centre, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Lauri Wagter-Lesperance
- ImmunoCeutica Inc., Cambridge, ON N1T 1N6, Canada
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Khalil Karimi
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Byram W. Bridle
- ImmunoCeutica Inc., Cambridge, ON N1T 1N6, Canada
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Niel A. Karrow
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
- ImmunoCeutica Inc., Cambridge, ON N1T 1N6, Canada
| | - Bonnie A. Mallard
- ImmunoCeutica Inc., Cambridge, ON N1T 1N6, Canada
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
- Correspondence:
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18
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Minott JA, van Vloten JP, Chan L, Mehrani Y, Bridle BW, Karimi K. The Role of Neutrophils in Oncolytic Orf Virus-Mediated Cancer Immunotherapy. Cells 2022; 11:cells11182858. [PMID: 36139433 PMCID: PMC9496759 DOI: 10.3390/cells11182858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are innate leukocytes with diverse effector functions that allow them to respond to pathogens rapidly. Accumulating evidence has highlighted these cells’ complex roles in the host’s response to viral infections and tumor progression. Oncolytic virotherapy is emerging as a promising treatment modality in the armamentarium of cancer therapeutics. Oncolytic viruses preferentially kill cancer cells and stimulate tumor-associated inflammation, resulting in tumor regression. Assessing the activity of individual effector cell subsets following oncolytic virotherapy is important in identifying their contribution to antitumor immunity. In this study, we investigated the role of neutrophils in oncolytic Orf-virus-mediated immunotherapy in a murine model of pulmonary melanoma metastases. The systemic administration of the Orf virus stimulated a dramatic increase in the number of leukocytes in circulation and within the tumor microenvironment, most of which were neutrophils. Analysis of tumor-burdened lungs shortly after therapy revealed significant numbers of phenotypically immature neutrophils, with the enhanced expression of molecules affiliated with activation, migration, and cytotoxicity. Neutrophils stimulated by Orf virus therapy were directly tumoricidal through tumor necrosis factor-α-mediated effects and were required for optimal antitumor efficacy following Orf virus therapy. Taken together, these data reveal neutrophils as a crucial innate effector to consider when investigating oncolytic virotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Byram W. Bridle
- Correspondence: (B.W.B.); (K.K.); Tel.: +1-(519)-824-4120 (ext. 54657) (B.W.B.); +1-(519)-824-4120 (ext. 54668) (K.K.)
| | - Khalil Karimi
- Correspondence: (B.W.B.); (K.K.); Tel.: +1-(519)-824-4120 (ext. 54657) (B.W.B.); +1-(519)-824-4120 (ext. 54668) (K.K.)
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19
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Rghei AD, van Lieshout LP, Cao W, He S, Tierney K, Lopes JA, Zielinska N, Baracuhy EM, Campbell ESB, Minott JA, Guilleman MM, Hasson PC, Thompson B, Karimi K, Bridle BW, Susta L, Qiu X, Banadyga L, Wootton SK. Adeno-associated virus mediated expression of monoclonal antibody MR191 protects mice against Marburg virus and provides long-term expression in sheep. Gene Ther 2022:10.1038/s41434-022-00361-2. [PMID: 36050451 DOI: 10.1038/s41434-022-00361-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Vectored monoclonal antibody (mAb) expression mediated by adeno-associated virus (AAV) gene delivery leads to sustained therapeutic mAb expression and protection against a wide range of infectious diseases in both small and large animal models, including nonhuman primates. Using our rationally engineered AAV6 triple mutant capsid, termed AAV6.2FF, we demonstrate rapid and robust expression of two potent human antibodies against Marburg virus, MR78 and MR191, following intramuscular (IM) administration. IM injection of mice with 1 × 1011 vector genomes (vg) of AAV6.2FF-MR78 and AAV6.2FF-MR191 resulted in serum concentrations of approximately 141 μg/mL and 195 μg/mL of human IgG, respectively, within the first four weeks. Mice receiving 1 × 1011 vg (high) and 1 × 1010 vg (medium) doses of AAV6.2FF-MR191 were completely protected against lethal Marburg virus challenge. No sex-based differences in serum human IgG concentrations were observed; however, administering the AAV-mAb over multiple injection sites significantly increased serum human IgG concentrations. IM administration of three two-week-old lambs with 5 × 1012 vg/kg of AAV6.2FF-MR191 resulted in serum human IgG expression that was sustained for more than 460 days, concomitant with low levels of anti-capsid and anti-drug antibodies. AAV-mAb expression is a viable method for prolonging the therapeutic effect of recombinant mAbs and represents a potential alternative "vaccine" strategy for those with compromised immune systems or in possible outbreak response scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira D Rghei
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | | | - Wenguang Cao
- Special Pathogens Program, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 3R2, Canada
| | - Shihua He
- Special Pathogens Program, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 3R2, Canada
| | - Kevin Tierney
- Special Pathogens Program, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 3R2, Canada
| | - Jordyn A Lopes
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Nicole Zielinska
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Enzo M Baracuhy
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Elena S B Campbell
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Jessica A Minott
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Matthew M Guilleman
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Pamela C Hasson
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | | | - Khalil Karimi
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Byram W Bridle
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Leonardo Susta
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Xiangguo Qiu
- Special Pathogens Program, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 3R2, Canada
| | - Logan Banadyga
- Special Pathogens Program, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 3R2, Canada
| | - Sarah K Wootton
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada.
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20
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Raj S, Astill J, Alqazlan N, Boodhoo N, Hodgins DC, Nagy É, Mubareka S, Karimi K, Sharif S. Transmission of H9N2 Low Pathogenicity Avian Influenza Virus (LPAIV) in a Challenge-Transmission Model. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10071040. [PMID: 35891204 PMCID: PMC9316524 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10071040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Migratory birds are major reservoirs for avian influenza viruses (AIV), which can be transmitted to poultry and mammals. The H9N2 subtype of AIV has become prevalent in poultry over the last two decades. Despite that, there is a scarcity of detailed information on how this virus can be transmitted. The current study aimed to establish a direct contact model using seeder chickens infected with H9N2 AIV as a source of the virus for transmission to recipient chickens. Seeder chickens were inoculated with two different inoculation routes either directly or via the aerosol route. The results indicate that inoculation via the aerosol route was more effective at establishing infection compared to the direct inoculation route. Shedding was observed to be higher in aerosol-inoculated seeder chickens, with a greater percentage of chickens being infected at each time point. In terms of transmission, the recipient chickens exposed to the aerosol-inoculated seeder chickens had higher oral and cloacal virus shedding compared to the recipient chickens of the directly inoculated group. Furthermore, the aerosol route of infection resulted in enhanced antibody responses in both seeder and recipient chickens compared to the directly inoculated group. Overall, the results confirmed that the aerosol route is a preferred inoculation route for infecting seeder chickens in a direct contact transmission model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sugandha Raj
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (S.R.); (N.A.); (N.B.); (D.C.H.); (É.N.); (K.K.)
| | - Jake Astill
- Artemis Technologies Inc., Guelph, ON N1L 1E3, Canada;
| | - Nadiyah Alqazlan
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (S.R.); (N.A.); (N.B.); (D.C.H.); (É.N.); (K.K.)
| | - Nitish Boodhoo
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (S.R.); (N.A.); (N.B.); (D.C.H.); (É.N.); (K.K.)
| | - Douglas C. Hodgins
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (S.R.); (N.A.); (N.B.); (D.C.H.); (É.N.); (K.K.)
| | - Éva Nagy
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (S.R.); (N.A.); (N.B.); (D.C.H.); (É.N.); (K.K.)
| | - Samira Mubareka
- Divisions of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada;
| | - Khalil Karimi
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (S.R.); (N.A.); (N.B.); (D.C.H.); (É.N.); (K.K.)
| | - Shayan Sharif
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (S.R.); (N.A.); (N.B.); (D.C.H.); (É.N.); (K.K.)
- Correspondence:
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21
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van Vloten JP, Matuszewska K, Minow MAA, Minott JA, Santry LA, Pereira M, Stegelmeier AA, McAusland TM, Klafuric EM, Karimi K, Colasanti J, McFadden DG, Petrik JJ, Bridle BW, Wootton SK. Oncolytic Orf virus licenses NK cells via cDC1 to activate innate and adaptive antitumor mechanisms and extends survival in a murine model of late-stage ovarian cancer. J Immunother Cancer 2022; 10:jitc-2021-004335. [PMID: 35296558 PMCID: PMC8928368 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-004335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Novel therapies are needed to improve outcomes for women diagnosed with ovarian cancer. Oncolytic viruses are multifunctional immunotherapeutic biologics that preferentially infect cancer cells and stimulate inflammation with the potential to generate antitumor immunity. Herein we describe Parapoxvirus ovis (Orf virus (OrfV)), an oncolytic poxvirus, as a viral immunotherapy for ovarian cancer. METHODS The immunotherapeutic potential of OrfV was tested in the ID8 orthotopic mouse model of end-stage epithelial ovarian carcinoma. Immune cell profiling, impact on secondary lesion development and survival were evaluated in OrfV-treated mice as well as in Batf3 knockout, mice depleted of specific immune cell subsets and in mice where the primary tumor was removed. Finally, we interrogated gene expression datasets from primary human ovarian tumors from the International Cancer Genome Consortium database to determine whether the interplay we observed between natural killer (NK) cells, classical type 1 dendritic cells (cDC1s) and T cells exists and influences outcomes in human ovarian cancer. RESULTS OrfV was an effective monotherapy in a murine model of advanced-stage epithelial ovarian cancer. OrfV intervention relied on NK cells, which when depleted abrogated antitumor CD8+ T-cell responses. OrfV therapy was shown to require cDC1s in experiments with BATF3 knockout mice, which do not have mature cDC1s. Furthermore, cDC1s governed antitumor NK and T-cell responses to mediate antitumor efficacy following OrfV. Primary tumor removal, a common treatment option in human patients, was effectively combined with OrfV for optimal therapeutic outcome. Analysis of human RNA sequencing datasets revealed that cDC1s correlate with NK cells in human ovarian cancer and that intratumoral NK cells correlate positively with survival. CONCLUSIONS The data herein support the translational potential of OrfV as an NK stimulating immunotherapeutic for the treatment of advanced-stage ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob P van Vloten
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kathy Matuszewska
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mark A A Minow
- Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jessica A Minott
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lisa A Santry
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Madison Pereira
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Thomas M McAusland
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Elaine M Klafuric
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Khalil Karimi
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joseph Colasanti
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - D Grant McFadden
- Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - James J Petrik
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Byram W Bridle
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sarah K Wootton
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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22
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Mould RC, van Vloten JP, AuYeung AWK, Walsh SR, de Jong J, Susta L, Mutsaers AJ, Petrik JJ, Wood GA, Wootton SK, Karimi K, Bridle BW. Using a Prime-Boost Vaccination Strategy That Proved Effective for High Resolution Epitope Mapping to Characterize the Elusive Immunogenicity of Survivin. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13246270. [PMID: 34944889 PMCID: PMC8699342 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13246270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The generation of tumor-specific T cells remains a pillar of modern cancer immunotherapy. Exogenous vaccines often rely on targeting tumor-associated antigens. The anti-apoptotic protein survivin has been deemed a high priority target due to its overexpression in a wide variety of tumor types. To support the analysis of tumor-associated T cell responses, optimization of epitope mapping would be valuable. A heterologous prime-boost vaccination strategy was designed to target survivin to induce anti-tumor immune responses. However, survivin-specific T cell responses could not be detected in mice. Potential mechanisms to explain this failure were explored. To confirm the robustness of the vaccination platform, enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) was targeted since it has been defined as a protein with relatively low immunogenicity. In this context the vaccination strategy uncovered novel T cell epitopes from eGFP in two strains of mice. This research highlighted the utility of the vaccine platform to triage potential target antigens based on their immunogenicity. Abstract Survivin is a member of the inhibitor of apoptosis family of proteins and has been reported to be highly expressed in a variety of cancer types, making it a high priority target for cancer vaccination. We previously described a heterologous prime-boost strategy using a replication-deficient adenovirus, followed by an oncolytic rhabdovirus that generates unprecedented antigen-specific T cell responses. We engineered each vector to express a mutated version of full-length murine survivin. We first sought to uncover the complete epitope map for survivin-specific T cell responses in C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice by flow cytometry. However, no T cell responses were detected by intracellular cytokine staining after re-stimulation of T cells. Survivin has been found to be expressed by activated T cells, which could theoretically cause T cell-mediated killing of activated T cells, known as fratricide. We were unable to recapitulate this phenomenon in experiments. Interestingly, the inactivated survivin construct has been previously shown to directly kill tumor cells in vitro. However, there was no evidence in our models of induction of death in antigen-presenting cells due to treatment with a survivin-expressing vector. Using the same recombinant virus-vectored prime-boost strategy targeting the poorly immunogenic enhanced green fluorescent protein proved to be a highly sensitive method for mapping T cell epitopes, particularly in the context of identifying novel epitopes recognized by CD4+ T cells. Overall, these results suggested there may be unusually robust tolerance to survivin in commonly used mouse strains that cannot be broken, even when using a particularly potent vaccination platform. However, the vaccination method shows great promise as a strategy for identifying novel and subdominant T cell epitopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert C. Mould
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (R.C.M.); (J.P.v.V.); (A.W.K.A.); (J.d.J.); (L.S.); (G.A.W.); (S.K.W.); (K.K.)
| | - Jacob P. van Vloten
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (R.C.M.); (J.P.v.V.); (A.W.K.A.); (J.d.J.); (L.S.); (G.A.W.); (S.K.W.); (K.K.)
| | - Amanda W. K. AuYeung
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (R.C.M.); (J.P.v.V.); (A.W.K.A.); (J.d.J.); (L.S.); (G.A.W.); (S.K.W.); (K.K.)
| | - Scott R. Walsh
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University Hamilton, Hamilton, ON L8S 3L8, Canada;
| | - Jondavid de Jong
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (R.C.M.); (J.P.v.V.); (A.W.K.A.); (J.d.J.); (L.S.); (G.A.W.); (S.K.W.); (K.K.)
| | - Leonardo Susta
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (R.C.M.); (J.P.v.V.); (A.W.K.A.); (J.d.J.); (L.S.); (G.A.W.); (S.K.W.); (K.K.)
| | - Anthony J. Mutsaers
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (A.J.M.); (J.J.P.)
| | - James J. Petrik
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (A.J.M.); (J.J.P.)
| | - Geoffrey A. Wood
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (R.C.M.); (J.P.v.V.); (A.W.K.A.); (J.d.J.); (L.S.); (G.A.W.); (S.K.W.); (K.K.)
| | - Sarah K. Wootton
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (R.C.M.); (J.P.v.V.); (A.W.K.A.); (J.d.J.); (L.S.); (G.A.W.); (S.K.W.); (K.K.)
| | - Khalil Karimi
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (R.C.M.); (J.P.v.V.); (A.W.K.A.); (J.d.J.); (L.S.); (G.A.W.); (S.K.W.); (K.K.)
| | - Byram W. Bridle
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (R.C.M.); (J.P.v.V.); (A.W.K.A.); (J.d.J.); (L.S.); (G.A.W.); (S.K.W.); (K.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +51-9824-4120 (ext. 54657)
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Nasiri H, Jahanfarnia G, Yousefpour F, Pazirandeh A, Karimi K. Assessment of PSA Level 2 for core catcher design using a combined probabilistic and deterministic method for a case study: IR-360 NPP. ANN NUCL ENERGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anucene.2021.108534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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24
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Chan L, Karimi N, Morovati S, Alizadeh K, Kakish JE, Vanderkamp S, Fazel F, Napoleoni C, Alizadeh K, Mehrani Y, Minott JA, Bridle BW, Karimi K. The Roles of Neutrophils in Cytokine Storms. Viruses 2021; 13:v13112318. [PMID: 34835125 PMCID: PMC8624379 DOI: 10.3390/v13112318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A cytokine storm is an abnormal discharge of soluble mediators following an inappropriate inflammatory response that leads to immunopathological events. Cytokine storms can occur after severe infections as well as in non-infectious situations where inflammatory cytokine responses are initiated, then exaggerated, but fail to return to homeostasis. Neutrophils, macrophages, mast cells, and natural killer cells are among the innate leukocytes that contribute to the pathogenesis of cytokine storms. Neutrophils participate as mediators of inflammation and have roles in promoting homeostatic conditions following pathological inflammation. This review highlights the advances in understanding the mechanisms governing neutrophilic inflammation against viral and bacterial pathogens, in cancers, and in autoimmune diseases, and how neutrophils could influence the development of cytokine storm syndromes. Evidence for the destructive potential of neutrophils in their capacity to contribute to the onset of cytokine storm syndromes is presented across a multitude of clinical scenarios. Further, a variety of potential therapeutic strategies that target neutrophils are discussed in the context of suppressing multiple inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lily Chan
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (L.C.); (J.E.K.); (S.V.); (F.F.); (C.N.); (Y.M.); (J.A.M.)
| | - Negar Karimi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad 91779-4897, Iran;
| | - Solmaz Morovati
- Division of Biotechnology, Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz 71557-13876, Iran;
| | - Kasra Alizadeh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA;
| | - Julia E. Kakish
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (L.C.); (J.E.K.); (S.V.); (F.F.); (C.N.); (Y.M.); (J.A.M.)
| | - Sierra Vanderkamp
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (L.C.); (J.E.K.); (S.V.); (F.F.); (C.N.); (Y.M.); (J.A.M.)
| | - Fatemeh Fazel
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (L.C.); (J.E.K.); (S.V.); (F.F.); (C.N.); (Y.M.); (J.A.M.)
| | - Christina Napoleoni
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (L.C.); (J.E.K.); (S.V.); (F.F.); (C.N.); (Y.M.); (J.A.M.)
| | - Kimia Alizadeh
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine & Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA;
| | - Yeganeh Mehrani
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (L.C.); (J.E.K.); (S.V.); (F.F.); (C.N.); (Y.M.); (J.A.M.)
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad 91779-4897, Iran;
| | - Jessica A. Minott
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (L.C.); (J.E.K.); (S.V.); (F.F.); (C.N.); (Y.M.); (J.A.M.)
| | - Byram W. Bridle
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (L.C.); (J.E.K.); (S.V.); (F.F.); (C.N.); (Y.M.); (J.A.M.)
- Correspondence: (B.W.B.); (K.K.); Tel.: +1-519-824-4120 (ext. 54657) (B.W.B.); +1-519-824-4120 (ext. 54668) (K.K.)
| | - Khalil Karimi
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (L.C.); (J.E.K.); (S.V.); (F.F.); (C.N.); (Y.M.); (J.A.M.)
- Correspondence: (B.W.B.); (K.K.); Tel.: +1-519-824-4120 (ext. 54657) (B.W.B.); +1-519-824-4120 (ext. 54668) (K.K.)
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Rghei AD, van Lieshout LP, McLeod BM, Pei Y, Lopes JA, Zielinska N, Baracuhy EM, Stevens BAY, Thomas SP, Yates JGE, Warner BM, Kobasa D, Fausther-Bovendo H, Kobinger GP, Karimi K, Thompson B, Bridle BW, Susta L, Wootton SK. Safety and Tolerability of the Adeno-Associated Virus Vector, AAV6.2FF, Expressing a Monoclonal Antibody in Murine and Ovine Animal Models. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9091186. [PMID: 34572372 PMCID: PMC8464737 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9091186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector mediated expression of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies is an alternative strategy to traditional vaccination to generate immunity in immunosuppressed or immunosenescent individuals. In this study, we vectorized a human monoclonal antibody (31C2) directed against the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 and determined the safety profile of this AAV vector in mice and sheep as a large animal model. In both studies, plasma biochemical parameters and hematology were comparable to untreated controls. Except for mild myositis at the site of injection, none of the major organs revealed any signs of toxicity. AAV-mediated human IgG expression increased steadily throughout the 28-day study in sheep, resulting in peak concentrations of 21.4–46.7 µg/ mL, demonstrating practical scale up from rodent to large animal models. This alternative approach to immunity is worth further exploration after this demonstration of safety, tolerability, and scalability in a large animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira D. Rghei
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (A.D.R.); (B.M.M.); (Y.P.); (J.A.L.); (N.Z.); (E.M.B.); (B.A.Y.S.); (S.P.T.); (J.G.E.Y.); (K.K.); (B.W.B.); (L.S.)
| | - Laura P. van Lieshout
- Avamab Pharma Inc., 120, 4838 Richard Road SW, Calgary, AB T3E 6L1, Canada; (L.P.v.L.); (B.T.)
| | - Benjamin M. McLeod
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (A.D.R.); (B.M.M.); (Y.P.); (J.A.L.); (N.Z.); (E.M.B.); (B.A.Y.S.); (S.P.T.); (J.G.E.Y.); (K.K.); (B.W.B.); (L.S.)
| | - Yanlong Pei
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (A.D.R.); (B.M.M.); (Y.P.); (J.A.L.); (N.Z.); (E.M.B.); (B.A.Y.S.); (S.P.T.); (J.G.E.Y.); (K.K.); (B.W.B.); (L.S.)
| | - Jordyn A. Lopes
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (A.D.R.); (B.M.M.); (Y.P.); (J.A.L.); (N.Z.); (E.M.B.); (B.A.Y.S.); (S.P.T.); (J.G.E.Y.); (K.K.); (B.W.B.); (L.S.)
| | - Nicole Zielinska
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (A.D.R.); (B.M.M.); (Y.P.); (J.A.L.); (N.Z.); (E.M.B.); (B.A.Y.S.); (S.P.T.); (J.G.E.Y.); (K.K.); (B.W.B.); (L.S.)
| | - Enzo M. Baracuhy
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (A.D.R.); (B.M.M.); (Y.P.); (J.A.L.); (N.Z.); (E.M.B.); (B.A.Y.S.); (S.P.T.); (J.G.E.Y.); (K.K.); (B.W.B.); (L.S.)
| | - Brenna A. Y. Stevens
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (A.D.R.); (B.M.M.); (Y.P.); (J.A.L.); (N.Z.); (E.M.B.); (B.A.Y.S.); (S.P.T.); (J.G.E.Y.); (K.K.); (B.W.B.); (L.S.)
| | - Sylvia P. Thomas
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (A.D.R.); (B.M.M.); (Y.P.); (J.A.L.); (N.Z.); (E.M.B.); (B.A.Y.S.); (S.P.T.); (J.G.E.Y.); (K.K.); (B.W.B.); (L.S.)
| | - Jacob G. E. Yates
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (A.D.R.); (B.M.M.); (Y.P.); (J.A.L.); (N.Z.); (E.M.B.); (B.A.Y.S.); (S.P.T.); (J.G.E.Y.); (K.K.); (B.W.B.); (L.S.)
| | - Bryce M. Warner
- Zoonotic Diseases and Special Pathogens, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3R2, Canada; (B.M.W.); (D.K.)
| | - Darwyn Kobasa
- Zoonotic Diseases and Special Pathogens, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3R2, Canada; (B.M.W.); (D.K.)
| | - Hugues Fausther-Bovendo
- Département de Microbiologie-Infectiologie et D’immunologie, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; (H.F.-B.); (G.P.K.)
| | - Gary P. Kobinger
- Département de Microbiologie-Infectiologie et D’immunologie, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; (H.F.-B.); (G.P.K.)
| | - Khalil Karimi
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (A.D.R.); (B.M.M.); (Y.P.); (J.A.L.); (N.Z.); (E.M.B.); (B.A.Y.S.); (S.P.T.); (J.G.E.Y.); (K.K.); (B.W.B.); (L.S.)
| | - Brad Thompson
- Avamab Pharma Inc., 120, 4838 Richard Road SW, Calgary, AB T3E 6L1, Canada; (L.P.v.L.); (B.T.)
| | - Byram W. Bridle
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (A.D.R.); (B.M.M.); (Y.P.); (J.A.L.); (N.Z.); (E.M.B.); (B.A.Y.S.); (S.P.T.); (J.G.E.Y.); (K.K.); (B.W.B.); (L.S.)
| | - Leonardo Susta
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (A.D.R.); (B.M.M.); (Y.P.); (J.A.L.); (N.Z.); (E.M.B.); (B.A.Y.S.); (S.P.T.); (J.G.E.Y.); (K.K.); (B.W.B.); (L.S.)
| | - Sarah K. Wootton
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (A.D.R.); (B.M.M.); (Y.P.); (J.A.L.); (N.Z.); (E.M.B.); (B.A.Y.S.); (S.P.T.); (J.G.E.Y.); (K.K.); (B.W.B.); (L.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-519-824-4120 (ext. 54729)
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AuYeung AWK, Mould RC, Stegelmeier AA, van Vloten JP, Karimi K, Woods JP, Petrik JJ, Wood GA, Bridle BW. Mechanisms that allow vaccination against an oncolytic vesicular stomatitis virus-encoded transgene to enhance safety without abrogating oncolysis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:15290. [PMID: 34315959 PMCID: PMC8316323 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94483-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccination can prevent viral infections via virus-specific T cells, among other mechanisms. A goal of oncolytic virotherapy is replication of oncolytic viruses (OVs) in tumors, so pre-existing T cell immunity against an OV-encoded transgene would seem counterproductive. We developed a treatment for melanomas by pre-vaccinating against an oncolytic vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV)-encoded tumor antigen. Surprisingly, when the VSV-vectored booster vaccine was administered at the peak of the primary effector T cell response, oncolysis was not abrogated. We sought to determine how oncolysis was retained during a robust T cell response against the VSV-encoded transgene product. A murine melanoma model was used to identify two mechanisms that enable this phenomenon. First, tumor-infiltrating T cells had reduced cytopathic potential due to immunosuppression. Second, virus-induced lymphopenia acutely removed virus-specific T cells from tumors. These mechanisms provide a window of opportunity for replication of oncolytic VSV and rationale for a paradigm change in oncolytic virotherapy, whereby immune responses could be intentionally induced against a VSV-encoded melanoma-associated antigen to improve safety without abrogating oncolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda W K AuYeung
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Robert C Mould
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Ashley A Stegelmeier
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Jacob P van Vloten
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Khalil Karimi
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - J Paul Woods
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - James J Petrik
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Geoffrey A Wood
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Byram W Bridle
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada. .,Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Rm. 4834, Bldg. 89, 50 Stone Rd. E., Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada.
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Hafezi B, Chan L, Knapp JP, Karimi N, Alizadeh K, Mehrani Y, Bridle BW, Karimi K. Cytokine Storm Syndrome in SARS-CoV-2 Infections: A Functional Role of Mast Cells. Cells 2021; 10:1761. [PMID: 34359931 PMCID: PMC8308097 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytokine storm syndrome is a cascade of escalated immune responses disposing the immune system to exhaustion, which might ultimately result in organ failure and fatal respiratory distress. Infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 can result in uncontrolled production of cytokines and eventually the development of cytokine storm syndrome. Mast cells may react to viruses in collaboration with other cells and lung autopsy findings from patients that died from the coronavirus disease that emerged in 2019 (COVID-19) showed accumulation of mast cells in the lungs that was thought to be the cause of pulmonary edema, inflammation, and thrombosis. In this review, we present evidence that a cytokine response by mast cells may initiate inappropriate antiviral immune responses and cause the development of cytokine storm syndrome. We also explore the potential of mast cell activators as adjuvants for COVID-19 vaccines and discuss the medications that target the functions of mast cells and could be of value in the treatment of COVID-19. Recognition of the cytokine storm is crucial for proper treatment of patients and preventing the release of mast cell mediators, as impeding the impacts imposed by these mediators could reduce the severity of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahareh Hafezi
- Department of Clinical Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Azadi Square, Mashhad 9177948974, Iran; (B.H.); (N.K.)
| | - Lily Chan
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (L.C.); (J.P.K.); (Y.M.)
| | - Jason P. Knapp
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (L.C.); (J.P.K.); (Y.M.)
| | - Negar Karimi
- Department of Clinical Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Azadi Square, Mashhad 9177948974, Iran; (B.H.); (N.K.)
| | - Kimia Alizadeh
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine & Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA;
| | - Yeganeh Mehrani
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (L.C.); (J.P.K.); (Y.M.)
| | - Byram W. Bridle
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (L.C.); (J.P.K.); (Y.M.)
| | - Khalil Karimi
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (L.C.); (J.P.K.); (Y.M.)
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Rghei AD, Stevens BAY, Thomas SP, Yates JGE, McLeod BM, Karimi K, Susta L, Bridle BW, Wootton SK. Production of Adeno-Associated Virus Vectors in Cell Stacks for Preclinical Studies in Large Animal Models. J Vis Exp 2021. [PMID: 34279499 DOI: 10.3791/62727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors are among the most clinically advanced gene therapy vectors, with three AAV gene therapies approved for humans. Clinical advancement of novel applications for AAV involves transitioning from small animal models, such as mice, to larger animal models, including dogs, sheep, and nonhuman primates. One of the limitations of administering AAV to larger animals is the requirement for large quantities of high-titer virus. While suspension cell culture is a scalable method for AAV vector production, few research labs have the equipment (e.g., bioreactors) or know how to produce AAV in this manner. Moreover, AAV titers are often significantly lower when produced in suspension HEK 293 cells as compared to adherent HEK293 cells. Described here is a method for producing large quantities of high-titer AAV using cell stacks. A detailed protocol for titering AAV as well as methods for validating vector purity are also described. Finally, representative results of AAV-mediated transgene expression in a sheep model are presented. This optimized protocol for large-scale production of AAV vectors in adherent cells will enable molecular biology laboratories to advance the testing of their novel AAV therapies in larger animal models.
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29
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Rasiuk AS, Walsh SR, Chan L, Viloria-Petit AM, Wootton SK, Karimi K, Bridle BW. The Role of Type I Interferon Signaling in Regulating Cytokine Production and Cell Survival in Bone Marrow-Derived Macrophages. Viral Immunol 2021; 34:470-482. [PMID: 34097550 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2020.0308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
During viral infections, cells produce type I interferons (IFNs), which are detected by the IFNα/β receptor (IFNAR). To survive in hosts, viruses have strategies to downregulate IFN-mediated signaling. We hypothesized that macrophages, which are among the first myeloid cells to respond to viral infections, would produce a different cytokine profile if responding to ligation of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) while IFNAR-mediated signaling was compromised. Specifically, IFNAR-mediated regulation of interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-6, IL-12, and tumor necrosis factor-α was studied in cultured murine bone marrow-derived macrophages. Since viruses like vesicular stomatitis virus can ligate PRRs such as Toll-like receptor (TLR)4 and 7, macrophages were stimulated with the TLR4 and TLR7 agonists lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or imiquimod, respectively, with or without antibody-mediated IFNAR-blockade. Cytokines and viability were assessed for 3 days poststimulation. Blocking IFNARs acutely exacerbated cytokine production by macrophages and aided their survival when they were treated with LPS. In contrast, cytokine concentrations were unaffected or slightly reduced by IFNAR blockade, but macrophages died at a greater rate when imiquimod was the stimulus. This demonstrated a differential role of IFNAR signaling in regulating PRR-induced cytokines. This suggests potential mechanisms whereby macrophages responding to viruses that inhibit type I IFN responses might contribute to excessive inflammation in some cases and inappropriately low-magnitude responses in others. This also provides a well-defined cell-based model for further dissecting the role of type I IFN signaling in macrophages responding to viral and other infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Scott R Walsh
- Department of Pathobiology and University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| | - Lily Chan
- Department of Pathobiology and University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| | | | - Sarah K Wootton
- Department of Pathobiology and University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| | - Khalil Karimi
- Department of Pathobiology and University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| | - Byram W Bridle
- Department of Pathobiology and University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
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Darzianiazizi M, Allison KE, Kulkarni RR, Sharif S, Karimi K, Bridle BW. Disruption of type I interferon signaling causes sexually dimorphic dysregulation of anti-viral cytokines. Cytokine X 2021; 3:100053. [PMID: 34189454 PMCID: PMC8215187 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytox.2021.100053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Type I interferons (IFNs) play a crucial role in the establishment of an antiviral state via signaling through their cognate type I IFN receptor (IFNAR). In this study, a replication-competent but highly attenuated strain of VSV (rVSVΔm51) carrying a deletion at position 51 of the matrix protein to remove suppression of anti-viral type I IFN responses was used to explore the effect of disrupted IFNAR signaling on inflammatory cytokine responses in mice. The kinetic responses of interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-12 were evaluated in virus-infected male and female mice with or without concomitant antibody-mediated IFNAR-blockade. Unlike controls, both male and female IFNAR-blocked mice showed signs of sickness by 24-hours post-infection. Female IFNAR-blocked mice experienced greater morbidity as demonstrated by a significant decrease in body temperature. This was not the case for males. In addition, females with IFNAR-blockade mounted prolonged and exaggerated systemic inflammatory cytokine responses to rVSVΔm51. This was in stark contrast to controls with intact IFNAR signaling and males with IFNAR-blockade; they were able to down-regulate virus-induced inflammatory cytokine responses by 24-hours post-infection. Exaggerated cytokine responses in females with impaired IFNAR signaling was associated with more effective control of viremia than their male counterparts. However, the trade-off was greater immune-mediated morbidity. The results of this study demonstrated a role for IFNAR signaling in the down-regulation of antiviral cytokine responses, which was strongly influenced by sex. Our findings suggested that the potential to mount toxic cytokine responses to a virus with concomitant disruption of IFNAR signaling was heavily biased towards females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maedeh Darzianiazizi
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd. E., Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Katrina E Allison
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd. E., Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Raveendra R Kulkarni
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
| | - Shayan Sharif
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd. E., Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Khalil Karimi
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd. E., Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Byram W Bridle
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd. E., Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
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31
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Stegelmeier AA, Darzianiazizi M, Hanada K, Sharif S, Wootton SK, Bridle BW, Karimi K. Type I Interferon-Mediated Regulation of Antiviral Capabilities of Neutrophils. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4726. [PMID: 33946935 PMCID: PMC8125486 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Interferons (IFNs) are induced by viruses and are the main regulators of the host antiviral response. They balance tissue tolerance and immune resistance against viral challenges. Like all cells in the human body, neutrophils possess the receptors for IFNs and contribute to antiviral host defense. To combat viruses, neutrophils utilize various mechanisms, such as viral sensing, neutrophil extracellular trap formation, and antigen presentation. These mechanisms have also been linked to tissue damage during viral infection and inflammation. In this review, we presented evidence that a complex cross-regulatory talk between IFNs and neutrophils initiates appropriate antiviral immune responses and regulates them to minimize tissue damage. We also explored recent exciting research elucidating the interactions between IFNs, neutrophils, and severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2, as an example of neutrophil and IFN cross-regulatory talk. Dissecting the IFN-neutrophil paradigm is needed for well-balanced antiviral therapeutics and development of novel treatments against many major epidemic or pandemic viral infections, including the ongoing pandemic of the coronavirus disease that emerged in 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Byram W. Bridle
- Correspondence: (B.W.B.); (K.K.); Tel.: +1-(519)-824-4120 (ext. 54657) (B.W.B.); +1-(519)-824-4120 (ext. 54668) (K.K.)
| | - Khalil Karimi
- Correspondence: (B.W.B.); (K.K.); Tel.: +1-(519)-824-4120 (ext. 54657) (B.W.B.); +1-(519)-824-4120 (ext. 54668) (K.K.)
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32
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Rghei AD, van Lieshout LP, Santry LA, Guilleman MM, Thomas SP, Susta L, Karimi K, Bridle BW, Wootton SK. AAV Vectored Immunoprophylaxis for Filovirus Infections. Trop Med Infect Dis 2020; 5:tropicalmed5040169. [PMID: 33182447 PMCID: PMC7709665 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed5040169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Filoviruses are among the deadliest infectious agents known to man, causing severe hemorrhagic fever, with up to 90% fatality rates. The 2014 Ebola outbreak in West Africa resulted in over 28,000 infections, demonstrating the large-scale human health and economic impact generated by filoviruses. Zaire ebolavirus is responsible for the greatest number of deaths to date and consequently there is now an approved vaccine, Ervebo, while other filovirus species have similar epidemic potential and remain without effective vaccines. Recent clinical success of REGN-EB3 and mAb-114 monoclonal antibody (mAb)-based therapies supports further investigation of this treatment approach for other filoviruses. While efficacious, protection from passive mAb therapies is short-lived, requiring repeat dosing to maintain therapeutic concentrations. An alternative strategy is vectored immunoprophylaxis (VIP), which utilizes an adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector to generate sustained expression of selected mAbs directly in vivo. This approach takes advantage of validated mAb development and enables vectorization of the top candidates to provide long-term immunity. In this review, we summarize the history of filovirus outbreaks, mAb-based therapeutics, and highlight promising AAV vectorized approaches to providing immunity against filoviruses where vaccines are not yet available.
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van Vloten JP, Klafuric EM, Karimi K, McFadden G, Petrik JJ, Wootton SK, Bridle BW. Quantifying Antibody Responses Induced by Antigen-Agnostic Immunotherapies. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2019; 14:189-196. [PMID: 31388514 PMCID: PMC6677899 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2019.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
As the development and clinical application of cancer immunotherapies continue to expand, so does the need for novel methods to dissect their mechanisms of action. Antibodies are important effector molecules in cancer therapies due to their potential to bind directly to surface-expressed antigens and facilitate Fc receptor-mediated uptake of antigens by antigen-presenting cells. Quantifying antibodies that are specific for defined antigens is straightforward. However, we describe herein a preclinical method to evaluate tumor-associated and virus-specific antibody responses to antigen-agnostic immunotherapies. This method uses autologous tumor cells as reservoirs of bulk tumor antigens, which can be bound by antibodies from the serum or plasma of tumor-bearing mice. These antibodies can then be detected and quantified using isotype-specific secondary antibodies conjugated to a fluorochrome. Alternatively, virus-infected cells can be used as a source of viral antigens. This method will enable researchers to assess antibody responses following immunotherapies without requiring pre-defined antigens. Alternatively, total virus-specific antibody responses could be studied as an alternative to more limited virus-neutralizing antibody assays. Therefore, this method can facilitate studying the role of humoral responses in the context of immunotherapies, including those that rely on the use of viral vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob P van Vloten
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Elaine M Klafuric
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Khalil Karimi
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Grant McFadden
- The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - James J Petrik
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Sarah K Wootton
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Byram W Bridle
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
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Stegelmeier AA, van Vloten JP, Mould RC, Klafuric EM, Minott JA, Wootton SK, Bridle BW, Karimi K. Myeloid Cells during Viral Infections and Inflammation. Viruses 2019; 11:E168. [PMID: 30791481 PMCID: PMC6410039 DOI: 10.3390/v11020168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloid cells represent a diverse range of innate leukocytes that are crucial for mounting successful immune responses against viruses. These cells are responsible for detecting pathogen-associated molecular patterns, thereby initiating a signaling cascade that results in the production of cytokines such as interferons to mitigate infections. The aim of this review is to outline recent advances in our knowledge of the roles that neutrophils and inflammatory monocytes play in initiating and coordinating host responses against viral infections. A focus is placed on myeloid cell development, trafficking and antiviral mechanisms. Although known for promoting inflammation, there is a growing body of literature which demonstrates that myeloid cells can also play critical regulatory or immunosuppressive roles, especially following the elimination of viruses. Additionally, the ability of myeloid cells to control other innate and adaptive leukocytes during viral infections situates these cells as key, yet under-appreciated mediators of pathogenic inflammation that can sometimes trigger cytokine storms. The information presented here should assist researchers in integrating myeloid cell biology into the design of novel and more effective virus-targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley A Stegelmeier
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
| | - Jacob P van Vloten
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
| | - Robert C Mould
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
| | - Elaine M Klafuric
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
| | - Jessica A Minott
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
| | - Sarah K Wootton
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
| | - Byram W Bridle
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
| | - Khalil Karimi
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
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van Vloten JP, Santry LA, McAusland TM, Karimi K, McFadden G, Petrik JJ, Wootton SK, Bridle BW. Quantifying Antigen-Specific T Cell Responses When Using Antigen-Agnostic Immunotherapies. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2019; 13:154-166. [PMID: 30788384 PMCID: PMC6369252 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2019.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Immunotherapies are at the forefront of the fight against cancers, and researchers continue to develop and test novel immunotherapeutic modalities. Ideal cancer immunotherapies induce a patient’s immune system to kill their own cancer and develop long-lasting immunity. Research has demonstrated a critical requirement for CD8+ and CD4+ T cells in achieving durable responses. In the path to the clinic, researchers require robust tools to effectively evaluate the capacity for immunotherapies to generate adaptive anti-tumor responses. To study functional tumor-specific T cells, researchers have relied on targeting tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) or the inclusion of surrogate transgenes in pre-clinical models, which facilitate detection of T cells by using the targeted antigen(s) in peptide re-stimulation or tetramer-staining assays. Unfortunately, many pre-clinical models lack a defined TAA, and epitope mapping of TAAs is costly. Surrogate transgenes can alter tumor engraftment and influence the immunogenicity of tumors, making them less relevant to clinical tumors. Further, some researchers prefer to develop therapies that do not rely on pre-defined TAAs. Here, we describe a method to exploit major histocompatibility complex expression on murine cancer cell lines in a co-culture assay to detect T cells responding to bulk, undefined, tumor antigens. This is a tool to support the preclinical evaluation of novel, antigen-agnostic immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob P van Vloten
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Lisa A Santry
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Thomas M McAusland
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Khalil Karimi
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Grant McFadden
- The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - James J Petrik
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Sarah K Wootton
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Byram W Bridle
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
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Karimi K, Sargolzaei M, Wang Z, Plastow G, Miar Y. 304 Genetic trends for reproductive traits in American mink. J Anim Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky404.253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- K Karimi
- Department of Animal Science and Aquaculture, Dalhousie University,Truro, NS, Canada
| | | | - Z Wang
- Livestock Gentec, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta,Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - G Plastow
- Livestock Gentec, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta,Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Y Miar
- Department of Animal Science and Aquaculture, Dalhousie University,Truro, NS, Canada
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Karimi K, Sargolzaei M, Wang Z, Plastow G, Miar Y. PSXIV-23 Prediction accuracies of genomic selection in American mink: a simulation study. J Anim Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky404.306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- K Karimi
- Department of Animal Science and Aquaculture, Dalhousie University,Truro, NS, Canada
| | | | - Z Wang
- Livestock Gentec, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta,Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - G Plastow
- Livestock Gentec, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta,Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Y Miar
- Department of Animal Science and Aquaculture, Dalhousie University,Halifax, NS, Canada
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Barikbin R, Berkhout L, Bolik J, Schmidt-Arras D, Ernst T, Ittrich H, Adam G, Parplys A, Casar C, Krech T, Karimi K, Sass G, Tiegs G. Early heme oxygenase 1 induction delays tumour initiation and enhances DNA damage repair in liver macrophages of Mdr2 -/- mice. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16238. [PMID: 30389969 PMCID: PMC6214975 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33233-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Multi drug resistance protein 2 knockout mice (Mdr2-/-) are a mouse model of chronic liver inflammation and inflammation-induced tumour development. Here we investigated the kinetics of early heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) induction on inflammation, tumour development, and DNA damage in Mdr2-/- mice. HO-1 was induced by intraperitoneal injection of cobalt protoporphyrin IX (CoPP) twice weekly for 9 consecutive weeks. Immediately after HO-1 induction, liver function improved and infiltration of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells was reduced. Furthermore, we observed increased p38 activation with concomitant reduction of Cyclin D1 expression in aged Mdr2-/- mice. Long-term effects of HO-1 induction included increased CD8+ T cell infiltration as well as delayed and reduced tumour growth in one-year-old animals. Unexpectedly, DNA double-strand breaks were detected predominantly in macrophages of 65-week-old Mdr2-/- mice, while DNA damage was reduced in response to early HO-1 induction in vivo and in vitro. Overall, early induction of HO-1 in Mdr2-/- mice had a beneficial short-term effect on liver function and reduced hepatic T cell accumulation. Long-term effects of early HO-1 induction were increased CD8+ T cell numbers, decreased proliferation as wells as reduced DNA damage in liver macrophages of aged animals, accompanied by delayed and reduced tumour growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roja Barikbin
- Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Laura Berkhout
- Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Julia Bolik
- Institute of Biochemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Dirk Schmidt-Arras
- Institute of Biochemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Thomas Ernst
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Erwin L. Hahn Institute for Magnetic Resonance Imaging, University Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Harald Ittrich
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gerhard Adam
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ann Parplys
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radio-Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian Casar
- Medical Clinics I, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Till Krech
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Khalil Karimi
- Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Gabriele Sass
- Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Infectious Diseases, California Institute for Medical Research, San Jose, CA, USA
| | - Gisa Tiegs
- Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
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Abstract
Coagulation factor VII (FVII) is a key enzyme of the extrinsic coagulation cascade that is predominantly produced by hepatocytes. The F7 gene mutations cause FVII deficiency with considerable molecular and phenotypic heterogeneity. We characterized the molecular alterations of the F7 gene and their corresponding mRNA transcripts in Iranian patients from eight unrelated families. The mutations were detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-sequencing of all F7 gene exons, their flanking intronic sequences, as well as their corresponding cDNA fragments. Homozygous P303T, C91S and R304Q mutations were detected in patient 2, patient 5, and patient 6, respectively. Patient 7 was a compound heterozygote for S282R and H348R and patient 8 was a compound heterozygote for R304Q and IVS7+7A>G mutations. Furthermore, our investigation revealed three heterozygous individuals, patient 1 and patient 3 with the A244V mutation who were symptomatic and patient 4 with V(-39)I mutation who was also asymptomatic. The F7 mRNA expression analysis revealed that, except the transcript of V(-39)I, other mutation-harboring transcripts were expressed at detectable levels. In conclusion, this report reinforces the genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity of FVII deficiency. The findings of the mRNA study implied that decreased FVII protein activity subsequent to missense mutations does not completely reflect the degradation of mutation-harboring mRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Shahbazi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University Tehran, Tehran, Iran
- Dr. Shirin Shahbazi, Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Al-e-Ahmad and Chamran Cross, POB 14115-111Tehran, Iran. Tel: +98-21-82-884-556. Fax: +98-21-82-884-555.
| | - R Mahdian
- Molecular Medicine Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - K Karimi
- Clinic of Hematology and Oncology, School of Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - A Mashayekhi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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Karimi K, Esmailizadeh A, Wu DD, Gondro C. Mapping of genome-wide copy number variations in the Iranian indigenous cattle using a dense SNP data set. Anim Prod Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1071/an16384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to present the first map of the copy number variations (CNVs) in Iranian indigenous cattle based on a high-density single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) dataset. A total of 90 individuals were genotyped using the Illumina BovineHD BeadChip containing 777 962 SNPs. The QuantiSNP algorithm was used to perform a genome-wide CNV detection across autosomal genome. After merging the overlapping CNV, a total of 221 CNV regions were identified encompassing 36.4 Mb or 1.44% of the bovine autosomal genome. The length of the CNV regions ranged from 3.5 to 2252.8 Kb with an average of 163.8 Kb. These regions included 147 loss (66.52%) and 74 gain (33.48%) events containing a total of 637 annotated Ensembl genes. Gene ontology analysis revealed that most of genes in the CNV regions were involved in environmental responses, disease susceptibility and immune system functions. Furthermore, 543 of these genes corresponded to the human orthologous genes, which involved in a wide range of biological functions. Altogether, 73% of the 221 CNV regions overlapped either completely or partially with those previously reported in other cattle studies. Moreover, novel CNV regions involved several quantitative trait loci (QTL)-related to adaptative traits of Iranian indigenous cattle. These results provided a basis to conduct future studies on association between CNV regions and phenotypic variations in the Iranian indigenous cattle.
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Mould RC, van Vloten JP, AuYeung AWK, Karimi K, Bridle BW. Immune responses in the thyroid cancer microenvironment: making immunotherapy a possible mission. Endocr Relat Cancer 2017; 24:T311-T329. [PMID: 28912377 DOI: 10.1530/erc-17-0316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of thyroid cancers has been steadily increasing worldwide over the past few decades. Although five-year survival rates for differentiated thyroid cancers are upwards of 90%, clinical outcomes for patients with undifferentiated, recurrent and/or metastatic disease are often dismal despite conventional interventions. As such, there is a demand for novel treatment options. Cancer immunotherapy represents the ultimate form of personalized medicine by leveraging the specificity and potency of a patient's immune system to kill their tumor. The thyroid cancer microenvironment is rich in immunological cells, making it a reasonable candidate for immunotherapy. This review maps out the immunological features of thyroid cancers and how these can be modulated. There are surprising immunological consequences of conventional therapies that demand attention. Also, hormonal modulation of the immune system is highlighted as a unique and confounding feature of thyroid cancers. A variety of cutting-edge immune-based therapies are discussed, with an emphasis placed on how these can be integrated with the current standard of care. Several high priority areas in need of research are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert C Mould
- Department of PathobiologyOntario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jacob P van Vloten
- Department of PathobiologyOntario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amanda W K AuYeung
- Department of PathobiologyOntario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Khalil Karimi
- Department of PathobiologyOntario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Byram W Bridle
- Department of PathobiologyOntario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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Engels G, Hierweger AM, Hoffmann J, Thieme R, Thiele S, Bertram S, Dreier C, Resa-Infante P, Jacobsen H, Thiele K, Alawi M, Indenbirken D, Grundhoff A, Siebels S, Fischer N, Stojanovska V, Muzzio D, Jensen F, Karimi K, Mittrücker HW, Arck PC, Gabriel G. Pregnancy-Related Immune Adaptation Promotes the Emergence of Highly Virulent H1N1 Influenza Virus Strains in Allogenically Pregnant Mice. Cell Host Microbe 2017; 21:321-333. [PMID: 28279344 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2017.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Pregnant women are at high risk for severe influenza disease outcomes, yet insights into the underlying mechanisms are limited. Here, we present models of H1N1 infection in syngenic and allogenic pregnant mice; infection in the latter mirrors the severe course of 2009 pandemic influenza in pregnant women. We found that the anti-viral immune response in the pregnant host was significantly restricted as compared to the non-pregnant host. This included a reduced type I interferon response as well as impaired migration of CD8+ T cells into the lung. The multi-faceted failure to mount an anti-viral response in allogenic pregnant mice resulted in a less stringent selective environment that promoted the emergence of 2009 H1N1 virus variants that specifically counteract type I interferon response and mediate increased viral pathogenicity. These insights underscore the importance of influenza vaccination compliance in pregnant women and may open novel therapeutic avenues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Géraldine Engels
- Research Group Viral Zoonosis and Adaptation, Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; Department of Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine, Laboratory for Experimental Feto-Maternal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alexandra Maximiliane Hierweger
- Department of Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine, Laboratory for Experimental Feto-Maternal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Julia Hoffmann
- Research Group Viral Zoonosis and Adaptation, Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - René Thieme
- Department of Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine, Laboratory for Experimental Feto-Maternal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Swantje Thiele
- Research Group Viral Zoonosis and Adaptation, Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stephanie Bertram
- Research Group Viral Zoonosis and Adaptation, Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Carola Dreier
- Research Group Viral Zoonosis and Adaptation, Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Patricia Resa-Infante
- Research Group Viral Zoonosis and Adaptation, Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Henning Jacobsen
- Research Group Viral Zoonosis and Adaptation, Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kristin Thiele
- Department of Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine, Laboratory for Experimental Feto-Maternal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Malik Alawi
- Research Group Viral Genomics, Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Daniela Indenbirken
- Research Group Viral Genomics, Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Adam Grundhoff
- Research Group Viral Genomics, Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Svenja Siebels
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nicole Fischer
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Violeta Stojanovska
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Medical Center, 9713 Groningen, NL
| | - Damián Muzzio
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Federico Jensen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany; Laboratory for Immunology of Pregnancy, Center for Pharmacological and Botanical Studies (CEFYBO-CONICET), School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, 1053 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Khalil Karimi
- Institute for Hepatology and Experimental Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hans-Willi Mittrücker
- Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Petra Clara Arck
- Department of Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine, Laboratory for Experimental Feto-Maternal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Gülsah Gabriel
- Research Group Viral Zoonosis and Adaptation, Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; Centre for Structural and Cell Biology in Medicine, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany.
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Abstract
Microbial xanthan production yield from rice straw can be significantly improved by alkali-pretreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. H. Jazini
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Isfahan University of Technology
- Isfahan 84156-83111
- Iran
| | - E. Fereydouni
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Isfahan University of Technology
- Isfahan 84156-83111
- Iran
| | - K. Karimi
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Isfahan University of Technology
- Isfahan 84156-83111
- Iran
- Industrial Biotechnology Group
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45
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Neumann K, Karimi K, Meiners J, Voetlause R, Steinmann S, Dammermann W, Lüth S, Asghari F, Wegscheid C, Horst AK, Tiegs G. A Proinflammatory Role of Type 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells in Murine Immune-Mediated Hepatitis. J Immunol 2016; 198:128-137. [PMID: 27872212 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) mediate inflammatory immune responses in the context of diseases triggered by the alarmin IL-33. In recent years, IL-33 has been implicated in the pathogenesis of immune-mediated liver diseases. However, the immunoregulatory function of ILC2s in the inflamed liver remains elusive. Using the murine model of Con A-induced immune-mediated hepatitis, we showed that selective expansion of ILC2s in the liver was associated with highly elevated hepatic IL-33 expression, severe liver inflammation, and infiltration of eosinophils. CD4+ T cell-mediated tissue damage and subsequent IL-33 release were responsible for the activation of hepatic ILC2s that produced the type 2 cytokines IL-5 and IL-13 during liver inflammation. Interestingly, ILC2 depletion correlated with less severe hepatitis and reduced accumulation of eosinophils in the liver, whereas adoptive transfer of hepatic ILC2s aggravated liver inflammation and tissue damage. We further showed that, despite expansion of hepatic ILC2s, 3-d IL-33 treatment before Con A challenge potently suppressed development of immune-mediated hepatitis. We found that IL-33 not only activated hepatic ILC2s but also expanded CD4+ Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Treg) expressing the IL-33 receptor ST2 in the liver. This Treg subset also accumulated in the liver during resolution of immune-mediated hepatitis. In summary, hepatic ILC2s are poised to respond to the release of IL-33 upon liver tissue damage through expression of type 2 cytokines thereby participating in the pathogenesis of immune-mediated hepatitis. Inflammatory activity of ILC2s might be regulated by IL-33-elicited ST2+ Tregs that also arise in immune-mediated hepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Neumann
- Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, D-20246, Germany; and
| | - Khalil Karimi
- Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, D-20246, Germany; and
| | - Jana Meiners
- Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, D-20246, Germany; and
| | - Ruth Voetlause
- Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, D-20246, Germany; and
| | - Silja Steinmann
- Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, D-20246, Germany; and
| | - Werner Dammermann
- 1. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, D-20246, Germany
| | - Stefan Lüth
- 1. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, D-20246, Germany
| | - Farahnaz Asghari
- Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, D-20246, Germany; and
| | - Claudia Wegscheid
- Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, D-20246, Germany; and
| | - Andrea K Horst
- Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, D-20246, Germany; and
| | - Gisa Tiegs
- Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, D-20246, Germany; and
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Abstract
The dramatic increases in incidence of both obesity and many cancers including skin cancer emphasize the need to better understand the pathophysiology of both conditions and their connections. Melanoma is considered the fastest growing cancer and rates of non-melanoma skin cancer have also increased over the last decade. The molecular mechanisms underlying the association between obesity and skin cancer are not clearly understood but emerging evidence points to changes in the tumor microenvironment including aberrant cell signaling and genomic instability in the chronic inflammatory state many obese individuals experience. This article reviews the literature linking obesity to melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Karimi
- School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - T H Lindgren
- School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - C A Koch
- Division of Endocrinology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
- Cancer Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
- G.V. (Sonny) Montgomery VA Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Robert T Brodell
- Department of Dermatology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA.
- Department of Pathology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA.
- Department of Dermatology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA.
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47
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Bremer L, Thiele K, Karimi K, Stahl F, Arck P, Tiegs G. Pain, relief and consequences - Acetaminophen during pregnancy. J Reprod Immunol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2016.04.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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48
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Saeidi E, Shokrollahi B, Karimi K, Amiri-Andi M. Effects of medium-chain fatty acids on performance, carcass characteristics, blood biochemical parameters and immune response in Japanese quail. Br Poult Sci 2016; 57:358-63. [PMID: 27074264 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2016.1169508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
This study had the aim of evaluating the effects of medium-chain fatty acids (MCFA) on performance, carcass characteristics, some blood parameters and antibody titre against sheep red blood cells (SRBC) in quail. A total of 240 quail chicks were allotted to 4 treatments consisting of respectively 0, 1, 2 and 4 g/kg dietary MCFA. There were no significant differences in body weight, feed intake and feed conversion ratio among treatments at different stages of the experiment. MCFAs had no significant effect on breast, thigh, liver, spleen and bursa of Fabricius weight ratios. However, the relative weight of abdominal fat significantly decreased in quail receiving 0.2 and 0.4 MCFA as compared to other treatments. Concentrations of low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL), triglycerides and total cholesterol were decreased and high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol was increased in quail chicks receiving MCFA compared with control quail chicks. The concentrations of SRBC antibody were not statistically different among treatments. It is concluded that MCFA significantly decreased LDL, triglycerides, cholesterol and abdominal fat and increased HDL in quail chicks.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Saeidi
- a Department of Animal Science , Agriculture School, Sanandaj Branch, Islamic Azad University , Sanandaj , Iran
| | - B Shokrollahi
- a Department of Animal Science , Agriculture School, Sanandaj Branch, Islamic Azad University , Sanandaj , Iran
| | - K Karimi
- b Department of Animal Science , Agriculture School, Varamin-Pishva Branch, Islamic Azad University , Varamin , Iran
| | - M Amiri-Andi
- a Department of Animal Science , Agriculture School, Sanandaj Branch, Islamic Azad University , Sanandaj , Iran
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49
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Mian F, Kandiah N, Chew M, Ashkar A, Bienenstock J, Forsythe P, Karimi K. A probiotic provides protection against acute salmonellosis in mice: Possible role of innate lymphid NKP46+ cells. J Funct Foods 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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50
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Thiele K, Solano ME, Karimi K, Tiegs G, Arck P. Acetaminophen application during murine pregnancy impairs pathways of maternal adaptation to pregnancy. J Reprod Immunol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2015.06.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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