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Gaboy SMM, Guihawan JQ, Leopardas VE, Bacosa HP. Unravelling macroplastic pollution in seagrass beds of Iligan City, Mindanao, Philippines. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 185:114233. [PMID: 36252442 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.114233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Despite being a leading pollutant in the ocean, there are limited studies about plastic litter in seagrasses, and none has been documented in the Philippines. This study determined the abundance and composition of macroplastics in seagrass beds of Iligan City, Philippines. Plastics were collected from transect lines laid in seagrass beds of four sites (Dalipuga, Hinaplanon, Tominobo and Buru-un), and three locations (landward, midward, seaward) in each site, periodically within 42 days. A total of 921 macroplastic items were collected in all sampling sites, of which 308 were from Buru-un, 271 from Tominobo, 240 from Dalipuga, and 102 from Hinaplanon. Landward areas have a significantly higher density than either midward or seaward. The first sampling was higher than the succeeding sampling period. Food packaging, plastic bags, and fragments predominated the litter in seagrass. This study is the first to document the presence of macroplastics in seagrass beds in the Philippines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiela Mae M Gaboy
- Environmental Science Graduate Program, Department of Biological Sciences, Mindanao State University- Iligan Institute of Technology (MSU-IIT), Tibanga, Iligan City, Lanao del Norte 9200, Philippines.
| | - Jaime Q Guihawan
- Environmental Science Graduate Program, Department of Biological Sciences, Mindanao State University- Iligan Institute of Technology (MSU-IIT), Tibanga, Iligan City, Lanao del Norte 9200, Philippines
| | - Venus E Leopardas
- College of Marine and Allied Sciences, Mindanao State University at Naawan, Naawan, Misamis Oriental 9023, Philippines
| | - Hernando P Bacosa
- Environmental Science Graduate Program, Department of Biological Sciences, Mindanao State University- Iligan Institute of Technology (MSU-IIT), Tibanga, Iligan City, Lanao del Norte 9200, Philippines
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2
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Cordova MR, Iskandar MR, Muhtadi A, Saville R, Riani E. Spatio-temporal variation and seasonal dynamics of stranded beach anthropogenic debris on Indonesian beach from the results of nationwide monitoring. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 182:114035. [PMID: 35973247 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.114035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The first stranded macrodebris study on a national scale in Indonesia was conducted on 18 beaches from February 2018 to December 2019. The average weight and abundance of beach debris were higher between October and February (rainy season). The highest stranded macrodebris was located in Ambon, Manado, Takalar, and Padang. Plastic (46.38 %) was the most prevalent type of debris across all macrodebris categories, with single-use plastics such as plastic sachets, plastic bags, and plastic bottles being the dominant macroplastic debris (64.64 %). Based on CCI, HII, and BGI, 18 beaches are "moderately clean," with few hazardous items observed, and "Good." This anthropogenic macrodebris is thought to be more localized (55 %) than transboundary macrodebris. Litter control and environmental quality of this Indonesian coastal region should be improved through a proactive and flexible approach. Finally, extensive stranded beach debris monitoring is recommended to better understand the distribution of macrodebris in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Reza Cordova
- Research Center for Oceanography, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN) Republic of Indonesia, BRIN Kawasan Jakarta Ancol, Jalan Pasir Putih I, Ancol Timur, Jakarta 14430, Indonesia.
| | - Mochamad Riza Iskandar
- Research Center for Oceanography, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN) Republic of Indonesia, BRIN Kawasan Jakarta Ancol, Jalan Pasir Putih I, Ancol Timur, Jakarta 14430, Indonesia.
| | - Ahmad Muhtadi
- Department of Aquatic Resources Management, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Jl. Prof. A. Sofyan No. 3, Medan 20215, Indonesia.
| | - Ramadhona Saville
- Laboratory of Management Informatics, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Setagaya Campus 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan.
| | - Etty Riani
- Department of Aquatic Resources Management, Bogor Agricultural University, Jl. Agatis Kampus IPB Darmaga, Bogor, Jawa Barat 16680, Indonesia.
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3
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Corbau C, Lazarou A, Gazale V, Nardin W, Simeoni U, Carboni D. What can beach litter tell about local management: A comparison of five pocket beaches of the North Sardinia island (Italy). MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 174:113170. [PMID: 34863074 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.113170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Our study provides a first dataset on marine litter collected at five pocket beaches situated in the northern Sardinia (Italy). The monitoring method refers to the operational guidelines for rapid beach assessment of beach waste described by UNEP. We classified the 7975 items collected according to the eight categories and 99 types. Their analysis indicates that plastic is the most common litter category and, plastic fragments are the most frequent debris. The density ranges from 0.05 to 2.82 item/m2. The top 10 highly present marine litter reveals that land-based litter is the main source, probably due to the lack of waste management, massive tourism and recreational activities. In addition, landscape morphology affects the redistribution of marine litter. Overall, these first results are part of a wider study on the presence of marine litter in the pocket beaches of north Sardinia to provide coastal managers and policy makers mitigation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexandre Lazarou
- Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Sassari, Via Roma, Sassari, Italy.
| | | | - William Nardin
- Horn Point Laboratory, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Cambridge, MD 21613, United States of America.
| | | | - Donatella Carboni
- Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Sassari, Via Roma, Sassari, Italy.
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4
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Renchen GF, Butler CB, Matthews TR. Marine debris knows no boundaries: Characteristics of debris accumulation in marine protected areas of the Florida Keys. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 173:112957. [PMID: 34555780 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Marine debris is a persistent and pervasive threat worldwide including inside marine protected areas (MPAs). To assess marine debris accumulation rates and potential impacts, we counted and evaluated trap, non-trap fishing gear, and non-fishing debris in unprotected areas and MPAs with different management boundary regulations in the Florida Keys (USA). Analyses identified that neither MPA type nor size were strong drivers of debris density and that debris densities were not statistically different between unprotected areas and MPAs. Non-fishing and non-trap fishing gear debris densities were potentially related to unexplored local differences in human behavior, while trap debris density was likely associated with oceanographic forces that transported traps into the MPAs. Overall, our results suggested that the drivers of marine debris accumulation for each debris category were different and may vary with each individual MPA, and that marine debris is not constrained by MPA boundaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle F Renchen
- Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, Fish and Wildlife Research Institute, South Florida Regional Laboratory, 2796 Overseas Hwy, Suite 119, Marathon, FL 33050, USA.
| | - Casey B Butler
- Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, Fish and Wildlife Research Institute, South Florida Regional Laboratory, 2796 Overseas Hwy, Suite 119, Marathon, FL 33050, USA
| | - Thomas R Matthews
- Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, Fish and Wildlife Research Institute, South Florida Regional Laboratory, 2796 Overseas Hwy, Suite 119, Marathon, FL 33050, USA
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5
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Blanke JM, Steinberg MK, Donlevy JP. A baseline analysis of marine debris on southern islands of Belize. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 172:112916. [PMID: 34526268 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Marine debris is a global issue with acute impacts. Using beach transect surveys, this study investigates debris prevalence on 7 islands in the Caribbean country of Belize. 1754 items were cataloged based on object size, form, material, condition, and economic use. Most of the litter was plastics (68.1%). Styrofoam was the second highest in abundance (9.46%), followed by foam/rubber items (8.04%), glass (3.82%), metal (2.57%), and aluminum (1.94%). Most litter was associated with an urban source (74.8%), while 4.2% and 2.1% were linked to industrial and fishing activities respectively. This study provides a novel baseline for future studies in the scarcely studied region, especially as Belize's economy continues in the conscious shift away from single-use plastic and styrofoam products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayla M Blanke
- Department of Geography, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, United States.
| | - Michael K Steinberg
- Department of Geography, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, United States
| | - James P Donlevy
- Department of Geography, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, United States
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6
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de Melo Nobre FS, Santos AA, Nilin J. What remains on the beach after tourists leave? The case of Abaís beach (Sergipe, Brazil). MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 171:112700. [PMID: 34311275 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The study evaluated the characteristics of marine litter disposed of by tourists on the Abaís beach (state of Sergipe, Brazil), during the dry (December/2017, January/2018, and February/2018) and rainy (May/2018, June/2018, and July/2018) months. Litter was collected on a Sunday of each month after the tourists left. The values of abundance (9.71 ± 2.03 items/m), weight (21.07 ± 16.04 g/m), volume (0.58 ± 0.25 L/m), richness (33 litter groups) and plastic percentage (75.07 ± 4.81%) were higher in the dry months compared to the rainy ones (2.01 ± 2.80 items/m; 5.08 ± 6.01 g/m; 0.17 ± 0.16 L/m; 22 litter groups; and 68.62 ± 5.98% of plastic, respectively). Considering the tourist importance of the Abaís beach to Sergipe state, it is crucial to develop effective cleaning actions, environmental awareness campaigns for tourists, residents and traders, as well as to establish restrictive public legal instruments to promote reduction, reuse, and recycling of the marine litter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Silva de Melo Nobre
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia e Ciências Ambientais, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Av. Marechal Rondon s/n, CEP 49.100-000 São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Ana Alice Santos
- Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Av. Marechal Rondon s/n, CEP 49.100-000 São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Jeamylle Nilin
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Campus Umuarama, rua Ceará s/n Bloco 2D, sala 28, CEP 38405-302 Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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7
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van Hoytema N, Bullimore RD, Al Adhoobi AS, Al-Khanbashi MH, Whomersley P, Le Quesne WJF. Fishing gear dominates marine litter in the Wetlands Reserve in Al Wusta Governorate, Oman. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2020; 159:111503. [PMID: 32763560 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The Wetlands Reserve in Al Wusta Governorate on the Arabian Sea is important for internationally migrating birds and local wildlife, but data on marine litter in the reserve, and wider region, are rare. Seven beaches around the reserve were surveyed for litter in February 2020. Abundance and weight of litter were categorised along 100 m transects. Abundance ranged from 0.1 to 1.4 items m-2 and weight ranged from 3.2 to 170.4 g m-2. Plastic was the dominant material in abundance (84.4-97.7%) and weight (71.3-99.3%). Top categories in abundance and weight were fisheries-related, water bottles and caps, and food packaging. Fisheries-related litter comprised 19.6-36.7% of all in abundance, but 41.4-94.4% in weight. The high proportion of fisheries-related litter (by weight) indicates that providing practical disposal facilities for unwanted and broken fishing gear would substantially reduce the impact of litter on this vital wetlands reserve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanne van Hoytema
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture (Cefas), Lowestoft, Suffolk NR33 0HT, United Kingdom.
| | - Ross D Bullimore
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture (Cefas), Lowestoft, Suffolk NR33 0HT, United Kingdom
| | - Aziza S Al Adhoobi
- Ministry of Environment and Climate Affairs, P.O. Box: 323, 100 Muscat, Oman
| | | | - Paul Whomersley
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture (Cefas), Lowestoft, Suffolk NR33 0HT, United Kingdom
| | - Will J F Le Quesne
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture (Cefas), Lowestoft, Suffolk NR33 0HT, United Kingdom
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8
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Abdul Aziz NA, Lukhman AA, Chubo JK, Daud DSRA. Public Perception to Littering in Greenspaces: A Case Study in Bintulu, Sarawak, Malaysia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/1358/1/012031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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9
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Serra-Gonçalves C, Lavers JL, Bond AL. Global Review of Beach Debris Monitoring and Future Recommendations. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:12158-12167. [PMID: 31577441 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b01424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Marine debris is distributed worldwide and constitutes an increasing threat to our environment. The exponential increase in the level of plastic debris raises numerous concerns and has led to an intensification in plastic monitoring and research. However, global spatial and temporal patterns and knowledge gaps in debris distribution, both on land and at sea, are relatively poorly understood, mainly due to a lack of comprehensive data sets. Here, we critically review the quality of the available information about beach plastic debris worldwide to highlight where the most urgent actions are required and to promote the standardization of reporting metrics and sampling methods among researchers. From a total of 174 studies evaluated, 27.0% reported marine debris densities in metrics that were not comparable. Some studies failed to report basic parameters, such as the date of the sampling (9.8%) or the size of the collected debris (19.5%). Our findings show that current research regarding beach debris requires significant improvement and standardization and would benefit from the adoption of a common reporting framework to promote consensus within the scientific community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Serra-Gonçalves
- University of Tasmania , Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies , School Road , Newnham , Tasmania 7250 , Australia
| | - Jennifer L Lavers
- University of Tasmania , Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies , 20 Castray Esplanade , Battery Point , Tasmania 7004 , Australia
| | - Alexander L Bond
- University of Tasmania , Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies , 20 Castray Esplanade , Battery Point , Tasmania 7004 , Australia
- Bird Group, Department of Life Sciences , The Natural History Museum , Tring , Hertfordshire HP23 6AP , United Kingdom
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10
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Purba NP, Handyman DIW, Pribadi TD, Syakti AD, Pranowo WS, Harvey A, Ihsan YN. Marine debris in Indonesia: A review of research and status. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2019; 146:134-144. [PMID: 31426141 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.05.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
With the status as the world's top contributor of marine plastic debris, Indonesia has committed to reduce marine plastic debris up to 70% in 2025 by establishing the National Action Plan (NAP) on Marine Debris. The high amount of marine plastic debris as a result of transport and accumulation become a complex issue in Indonesia due to its ocean-atmospheric circulation, high population of coastal communities, and marine activities. Based on our findings, there are gap of publications related to marine debris in Indonesia that had been already published. Marine debris is ubiquitous and transboundary, as they were found in marine environment and transported by currents to various direction including uninhabited islands, thus, we propose more comprehensive future research about the impact of marine debris on ecosystem (e.g. biological impact of organisms in the water column, ecological alteration in distribution pattern, and invasive species), human health, and economic loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noir P Purba
- Marine Research Laboratory (MEAL), University of Padjadjaran, Indonesia.
| | | | - Tri D Pribadi
- Biology Department, University of Padjadjaran, Indonesia
| | - Agung D Syakti
- Marine Science and Fishery Faculty, University of Raja Ali Haji Maritime, Indonesia
| | - Widodo S Pranowo
- Marine and Coastal Data Laboratory, Ministry of Marine and Fishery Affairs, Indonesia
| | | | - Yudi N Ihsan
- Marine Research Laboratory (MEAL), University of Padjadjaran, Indonesia
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11
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Mazarrasa I, Puente A, Núñez P, García A, Abascal AJ, Juanes JA. Assessing the risk of marine litter accumulation in estuarine habitats. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2019; 144:117-128. [PMID: 31179977 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.04.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Rivers and estuaries are among the main entrances of litter to the marine environment. This study characterizes marine litter deposits in three estuaries of the Gulf of Biscay, assesses its potential impact in estuarine habitats based on expert elucidation, and develops a methodology to estimate the associated environmental risk. Litter was ubiquitous in the estuaries of study, mostly represented by plastic debris and sanitary waste. High marsh communities acted as litter traps, showing significantly higher litter densities than adjacent habitats. The expected impact was valued to be low but different across habitats and possible litter-habitat interactions. The estimated risk was low but different across habitats and estuaries, determined by the probability of encounter and the expected impact. This study contributes to increase the scarce knowledge available on the threat that marine litter poses in estuarine environments and presents a methodology to help identify those habitats under a higher risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inés Mazarrasa
- Environmental Hydraulics Institute, Universidad de Cantabria - Avda. Isabel Torres, 15, Parque Científico y Tecnológico de Cantabria, 39011 Santander, Spain.
| | - Araceli Puente
- Environmental Hydraulics Institute, Universidad de Cantabria - Avda. Isabel Torres, 15, Parque Científico y Tecnológico de Cantabria, 39011 Santander, Spain
| | - Paula Núñez
- Environmental Hydraulics Institute, Universidad de Cantabria - Avda. Isabel Torres, 15, Parque Científico y Tecnológico de Cantabria, 39011 Santander, Spain
| | - Andrés García
- Environmental Hydraulics Institute, Universidad de Cantabria - Avda. Isabel Torres, 15, Parque Científico y Tecnológico de Cantabria, 39011 Santander, Spain
| | - Ana J Abascal
- Environmental Hydraulics Institute, Universidad de Cantabria - Avda. Isabel Torres, 15, Parque Científico y Tecnológico de Cantabria, 39011 Santander, Spain
| | - José A Juanes
- Environmental Hydraulics Institute, Universidad de Cantabria - Avda. Isabel Torres, 15, Parque Científico y Tecnológico de Cantabria, 39011 Santander, Spain
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12
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Bilgili MS, Adar E, Yildiz S, Sezer K. Characterisation of wastes collected from beaches, coastlines, marine surface cleaning processes and ships: A case study of Istanbul. WASTE MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOLID WASTES AND PUBLIC CLEANSING ASSOCIATION, ISWA 2019; 37:621-630. [PMID: 30973084 DOI: 10.1177/0734242x19838619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Marine waste management is crucial for Istanbul because of the significant location for intercontinental transition, international trade, tourism, industry and shipping. This study is the first one realised in Turkey for the detailed characterisation of marine waste. The amount and characteristics of solid wastes originating from beaches, coastlines, sea surface cleaning processes and ships (both cargo and cruise ships) were determined. It was observed that marine wastes includes a significant amount of recyclable materials. Although, it was ascertained that the amount and composition of waste differs according to the collecting sources, the majority of wastes are composed of different types of plastics. The average calorific value of marine waste was determined as 2500 kcal kg-1, which is higher than that of mixed municipal solid waste. There is a lack of studies on the pathways of disposal alternatives of marine waste after collection. As landfilling is the common pathway for disposal after collecting, it is clear that recycle/reuse and energy recovery options are possible for marine waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Sinan Bilgili
- 1 Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Elanur Adar
- 2 Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Artvin Coruh University, Artvin, Turkey
| | - Senol Yildiz
- 3 Istanbul Applied Gas and Energy Technologies Research Engineering Indsutry Trade Inc. (UGETAM), İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Kadir Sezer
- 4 Istanbul Environmental Managemet Industry and Trade Inc. (ISTAC), İstanbul, Turkey
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Rayon-Viña F, Miralles L, Fernandez-Rodríguez S, Dopico E, Garcia-Vazquez E. Marine litter and public involvement in beach cleaning: Disentangling perception and awareness among adults and children, Bay of Biscay, Spain. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2019; 141:112-118. [PMID: 30955715 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Coastal litter abundance and its effects have increased for years. Waste reduction is the most effective countermeasure to fight against this problem. Littering attitudes may have an effect on people's involvement in coastal cleanups. In this study, coastal litter perception, awareness about its impact and likely sources were investigated in local population from south Bay of Biscay, Spain. People of different age groups and commitment levels regarding litter were interviewed and their answers compared with data from the area. Results showed differences in perception between volunteers and non-volunteers, but not between children and adults. Interaction effect of age was found for awareness. Volunteers and children tended to erroneously attribute the main litter origin to beachgoers, more than non-volunteers or adults. Our results suggest that encouraging local population to clean beaches would contribute to improve their perception of the problem and their attitudes toward taking action.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura Miralles
- University of Oviedo, Functional Biology Department, 33071 Oviedo, Spain
| | | | - Eduardo Dopico
- University of Oviedo, Department of Education Sciences, 33005 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Eva Garcia-Vazquez
- University of Oviedo, Functional Biology Department, 33071 Oviedo, Spain.
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14
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Rayon-Viña F, Miralles L, Gómez-Agenjo M, Dopico E, Garcia-Vazquez E. Marine litter in south Bay of Biscay: Local differences in beach littering are associated with citizen perception and awareness. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2018; 131:727-735. [PMID: 29887000 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.04.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Marine litter is often left by beachgoers. Thus, understanding beachgoers' perception and awareness is important. In this study, the amount and type of litter was measured from nine beaches of central south Bay of Biscay (Spain), and a survey about perception and awareness of the beach littering was conducted among beachgoers. The region could be considered moderately littered compared with other studies, with significant differences among beaches for litter amount and types. Plastic was the most abundant item, followed by fishing gear. Differences among beaches for awareness and litter perception correlated significantly with differences in litter amount. Perception was positively correlated with beach frequentation. Significant gender differences were found, males taking more actions against litter than females regardless how much litter they perceived. These results could be employed for designing campaigns of beach litter treatment and awareness raising, by taking into account local differences detected in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura Miralles
- University of Oviedo, Functional Biology Department, 33071 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Marta Gómez-Agenjo
- University of Oviedo, Functional Biology Department, 33071 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Eduardo Dopico
- University of Oviedo, Department of Education Sciences, 33071 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Eva Garcia-Vazquez
- University of Oviedo, Functional Biology Department, 33071 Oviedo, Spain.
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15
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Hidalgo-Ruz V, Honorato-Zimmer D, Gatta-Rosemary M, Nuñez P, Hinojosa IA, Thiel M. Spatio-temporal variation of anthropogenic marine debris on Chilean beaches. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2018; 126:516-524. [PMID: 29421133 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
We examined the hypothesis that in an emerging economy such as Chile the abundances of Anthropogenic Marine Debris (AMD) on beaches are increasing over time. The citizen science program Científicos de la Basura ("Litter Scientists") conducted three national surveys (2008, 2012 and 2016) to determine AMD composition, abundance, spatial patterns and temporal trends. AMD was found on all beaches along the entire Chilean coast. Highest percentages of AMD in all surveys were plastics and cigarette butts, which can be attributed to local sources (i.e. beach users). The Antofagasta region in northern Chile had the highest abundance of AMD compared with all other zones. Higher abundances of AMD were found at the upper stations from almost all zones. No significant tendency of increasing or decreasing AMD densities was observed during the 8years covered by our study, which suggests that economic development alone cannot explain temporal trends in AMD densities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Hidalgo-Ruz
- Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Católica del Norte, Larrondo 1281, Coquimbo, Chile; Colegio San Adrián de Quilicura, Lo Ovalle 275, Quilicura, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniela Honorato-Zimmer
- Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Católica del Norte, Larrondo 1281, Coquimbo, Chile
| | | | - Paloma Nuñez
- Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas (CEAZA), Larrondo 1281, Coquimbo, Chile
| | - Iván A Hinojosa
- Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Católica del Norte, Larrondo 1281, Coquimbo, Chile; Millennium Nucleus Ecology and Sustainable Management of Oceanic Island (ESMOI), Coquimbo, Chile; Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Ecología, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Alonso de Ribera 2850, Concepción, Chile
| | - Martin Thiel
- Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Católica del Norte, Larrondo 1281, Coquimbo, Chile; Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas (CEAZA), Larrondo 1281, Coquimbo, Chile; Millennium Nucleus Ecology and Sustainable Management of Oceanic Island (ESMOI), Coquimbo, Chile.
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16
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Becherucci ME, Rosenthal AF, Seco Pon JP. Marine debris in beaches of the Southwestern Atlantic: An assessment of their abundance and mass at different spatial scales in northern coastal Argentina. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2017; 119:299-306. [PMID: 28434664 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Argentina is currently undergoing an intensive development of coastal-oriented tourism due to the temperate climate and coastal sceneries of the Southwestern Atlantic and particularly its wide ocean-open sandy beaches, which may turn into an important contributor of marine debris to the beaches. This study was designed to assess at four spatial scales (i) the variation of the abundance and mass of marine debris and (ii) the composition and sources of these items in sandy-tourist beaches of coastal zones of the province of Buenos Aires, in northern Argentina. The abundance and mass of marine debris shifted between sampling localities (separated by ~1.5×105m) and beaches (~3×104m). Debris was primarily from recreational and fishing activities and over 20mm in size. Tackling the complications associated with marine debris in northern Argentina may include intensive educational and advertising campaigns oriented chiefly to beach users and fisherman.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Eugenia Becherucci
- Grupo Ecología, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Funes 3250, B7602AYJ Mar del Plata, Argentina.
| | - Alan Federico Rosenthal
- Asociación Naturalistas Geselinos, Villa Gesell, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Programa Regional de Conservación e Investigación de Tortugas Marinas de la Argentina (PRICTMA), Argentina
| | - Juan Pablo Seco Pon
- Grupo Vertebrados, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Funes 3250, B7602AYJ Mar del Plata, Argentina
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17
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Williams AT, Randerson P, Di Giacomo C, Anfuso G, Macias A, Perales JA. Distribution of beach litter along the coastline of Cádiz, Spain. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2016; 107:77-87. [PMID: 27117354 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Revised: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A total of 59 categories of litter items were found at 20 beaches (13 mechanically cleaned, 7 non-cleaned) in the Cádiz tourist environment, Spain. Cluster Analysis and Principal Components Analysis were used to highlight similarities and contrasts between sites and/or associations between litter categories. Multivariate analyses separated beaches according to the total numbers of litter items present. Non-cleaned sites showed a variety of litter category abundance with distinct origins and abundant, ubiquitous items (plastic and glass fragments). Of the 7 non-cleaned beaches (49 litter categories) river-mouth sites were distinct due with high numbers of litter items. The sheltered inner part of Cádiz Bay beaches had a wide range of litter type. Many sites were associated with locally deposited recreational litter categories; while industrial/commercial/fishing categories were abundant only at a few sites, indicating items transported onto the shore from the Guadalete river.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allan Thomas Williams
- Faculty of Architecture, Computing and Engineering, University of Wales Trinity Saint David (Swansea), Mount Pleasant, Swansea, Wales, UK; CICS.NOVA, FCSH.UNL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Peter Randerson
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, UK
| | - Carlo Di Giacomo
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Tierra, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Universidad de Cádiz, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Giorgio Anfuso
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Tierra, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Universidad de Cádiz, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain.
| | - Ana Macias
- Área de Análisis Geográfico Regional, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Universidad de Cádiz, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - José Antonio Perales
- Centro Andaluz de Ciencia y Tecnología Marinas, Departamento de Tecnologías del Medio Ambiente, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Universidad de Cádiz, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
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18
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Moriarty M, Pedreschi D, Stokes D, Dransfeld L, Reid DG. Spatial and temporal analysis of litter in the Celtic Sea from Groundfish Survey data: Lessons for monitoring. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2016; 103:195-205. [PMID: 26795120 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Revised: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The Marine Strategy Framework Directive requires EU Member States to sample and monitor marine litter. Criteria for sampling and detecting spatial and/or temporal variation in the amount of litter present have been developed and initiated throughout Europe. These include implementing standardised sampling and recording methods to enable cross-comparison and consistency between neighbours. Parameters of interest include; litter occurrence, composition, distribution and source. This paper highlights the litter-related initiatives occurring in Irish waters; presents an offshore benthic litter sampling series; provides a power analysis to determine trend detection thresholds; identifies areas and sources of litter; and proposes improvements to meet reporting obligations. Litter was found to be distributed throughout Irish waters with highest occurrences in the Celtic Sea. Over 50% of litter encountered was attributed to fishing activities: however only a small proportion of the variability in litter occurrence could be explained by spatial patterns in fishing effort. Issues in implementing standardised protocol were observed and addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Moriarty
- Fisheries Ecosystem & Advisory Services, Marine Institute, Rinville, Oranmore, Co. Galway, Ireland.
| | - D Pedreschi
- Fisheries Ecosystem & Advisory Services, Marine Institute, Rinville, Oranmore, Co. Galway, Ireland
| | - D Stokes
- Fisheries Ecosystem & Advisory Services, Marine Institute, Rinville, Oranmore, Co. Galway, Ireland
| | - L Dransfeld
- Fisheries Ecosystem & Advisory Services, Marine Institute, Rinville, Oranmore, Co. Galway, Ireland
| | - D G Reid
- Fisheries Ecosystem & Advisory Services, Marine Institute, Rinville, Oranmore, Co. Galway, Ireland
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Lee LH. The Relationship between Visual Satisfaction and Water Clarity and Quality Management in Tourism Fishing Ports. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.4236/jwarp.2016.88064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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20
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Strafella P, Fabi G, Spagnolo A, Grati F, Polidori P, Punzo E, Fortibuoni T, Marceta B, Raicevich S, Cvitkovic I, Despalatovic M, Scarcella G. Spatial pattern and weight of seabed marine litter in the northern and central Adriatic Sea. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2015; 91:120-127. [PMID: 25560999 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Revised: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The present study analyzes spatial distribution and typology of marine litter on the seabed in the FAO Geographical Sub-Area 17 (northern and central Adriatic Sea). Two surveys were conducted during fall 2011 and 2012 and 67 stations were sampled each year. Litter items were collected using the "rapido" trawl, a modified beam trawl commonly used by the Italian fishermen to catch flat fish and other benthic species. Marine litter in the catches was sorted and classified in 6 major categories (plastic, metal, glass, rubber, wood, other). Plastic litter was further subdivided in 3 sub-categories based on its source: fishing nets, aquaculture nets and other. Plastic was dominant in terms of weight followed by metal and other categories. The highest concentration of litter was found close to the coast likely as a consequence of high coastal urbanization, river inflow and extensive navigation associated with the morphological and hydrological features of the basin.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Strafella
- Istituto di Scienze Marine (ISMAR), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), L.go Fiera della Pesca, 2, 60125 Ancona, Italy.
| | - G Fabi
- Istituto di Scienze Marine (ISMAR), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), L.go Fiera della Pesca, 2, 60125 Ancona, Italy.
| | - A Spagnolo
- Istituto di Scienze Marine (ISMAR), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), L.go Fiera della Pesca, 2, 60125 Ancona, Italy.
| | - F Grati
- Istituto di Scienze Marine (ISMAR), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), L.go Fiera della Pesca, 2, 60125 Ancona, Italy.
| | - P Polidori
- Istituto di Scienze Marine (ISMAR), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), L.go Fiera della Pesca, 2, 60125 Ancona, Italy.
| | - E Punzo
- Istituto di Scienze Marine (ISMAR), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), L.go Fiera della Pesca, 2, 60125 Ancona, Italy.
| | - T Fortibuoni
- Istituto Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca Ambientale (ISPRA), Loc. Brondolo, 30015 Chioggia, Italy.
| | - B Marceta
- Fisheries Research Institute of Slovenia (FRIS), Sp. Gameljne 61a, 1211 Ljubljana-Šmartno, Slovenia.
| | - S Raicevich
- Istituto Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca Ambientale (ISPRA), Loc. Brondolo, 30015 Chioggia, Italy.
| | - I Cvitkovic
- Institut za Oceanografiju i Ribarstvo (IOF), Šetalište I. Meštrovića 63, 21000 Split, Croatia.
| | - M Despalatovic
- Institut za Oceanografiju i Ribarstvo (IOF), Šetalište I. Meštrovića 63, 21000 Split, Croatia.
| | - G Scarcella
- Istituto di Scienze Marine (ISMAR), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), L.go Fiera della Pesca, 2, 60125 Ancona, Italy.
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21
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Jang SW, Kim DH, Seong KT, Chung YH, Yoon HJ. Analysis of floating debris behaviour in the Nakdong River basin of the southern Korean peninsula using satellite location tracking buoys. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2014; 88:275-283. [PMID: 25261180 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Revised: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Most land-based debris enters the ocean via rivers during the rainy season. The Nakdong River system, the largest river entering the South Sea of Korea, discharges 3000 tons of debris per year. We deployed small tracking buoys with satellite location transmitters to monitor river-borne floating debris movement. The buoys moved for various distances depending on the change in flux in different regions. A hot spot was expected to contain a large accumulation of floating debris. The central and lower parts of the eastern downstream region were identified as important regions. The results of this study provide information related to the movement of debris that can be used when establishing a method for collection of floating debris from rivers and streams. The study contributes to efforts to decrease the amount of floating debris in oceans and the costs associated with debris removal by improving the effectiveness of preventative measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon Woong Jang
- Department of Spatial Information Engineering, Pukyong National University, (608-737) 599-1, Daeyeon 3-Dong, Nam-Gu, Busan, South Korea
| | - Dae Hyun Kim
- OCEANTECH CO., (412-240) 262-29, Haengjuoe-Dong, Deokyang-Gu, Goyang-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, South Korea
| | - Ki Taek Seong
- Department of Information Security, Tongmyong University, (608-711) 179, Sinseonno, Nam-Gu, Busan, South Korea
| | - Yong Hyun Chung
- Department of Ecological Engineering, Pukyong National University, (608-737) 599-1, Daeyeon 3-Dong, Nam-Gu, Busan, South Korea
| | - Hong Joo Yoon
- Department of Spatial Information Engineering, Pukyong National University, (608-737) 599-1, Daeyeon 3-Dong, Nam-Gu, Busan, South Korea.
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22
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Smith SDA, Edgar RJ. Documenting the density of subtidal marine debris across multiple marine and coastal habitats. PLoS One 2014; 9:e94593. [PMID: 24743690 PMCID: PMC3990570 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0094593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine debris is recognised globally as a key threatening process to marine life, but efforts to address the issue are hampered by the lack of data for many marine habitats. By developing standardised protocols and providing training in their application, we worked with >300 volunteer divers from 11 underwater research groups to document the scale of the subtidal marine debris problem at 120 sites across >1000 km of the coast of NSW, Australia. Sampling consisted of replicated 25×5 m transects in which all debris was identified, counted, and, where appropriate, removed. Sites ranged from estuarine settings adjacent to major population centres, to offshore islands within marine parks. Estuaries and embayments were consistently found to be the most contaminated habitats. Fishing-related items (and especially monofilament and braided fishing line) were most prevalent at the majority of sites, although food and drink items were important contributors at sites adjacent to population centres. The results identified damaging interactions between marine debris and marine biota at some key locations, highlighting the need for management intervention to ensure habitat sustainability. This study reinforces the important contribution that volunteers can make to assessing conservation issues requiring broad-scale data collection. In this case, citizen scientists delivered data that will inform, and help to prioritise, management approaches at both statewide and local scales. These initial data also provide an important baseline for longer-term, volunteer-based monitoring programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen D. A. Smith
- National Marine Science Centre, Southern Cross University, Coffs Harbour, New South Wales, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Robert J. Edgar
- National Marine Science Centre, Southern Cross University, Coffs Harbour, New South Wales, Australia
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23
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Smith SDA, Markic A. Estimates of marine debris accumulation on beaches are strongly affected by the temporal scale of sampling. PLoS One 2013; 8:e83694. [PMID: 24367607 PMCID: PMC3867434 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0083694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2013] [Accepted: 11/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine debris is a global issue with impacts on marine organisms, ecological processes, aesthetics and economies. Consequently, there is increasing interest in quantifying the scale of the problem. Accumulation rates of debris on beaches have been advocated as a useful proxy for at-sea debris loads. However, here we show that past studies may have vastly underestimated the quantity of available debris because sampling was too infrequent. Our study of debris on a small beach in eastern Australia indicates that estimated daily accumulation rates decrease rapidly with increasing intervals between surveys, and the quantity of available debris is underestimated by 50% after only 3 days and by an order of magnitude after 1 month. As few past studies report sampling frequencies of less than a month, estimates of the scale of the marine debris problem need to be critically re-examined and scaled-up accordingly. These results reinforce similar, recent work advocating daily sampling as a standard approach for accurate quantification of available debris in coastal habitats. We outline an alternative approach whereby site-specific accumulation models are generated to correct bias when daily sampling is impractical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen D. A. Smith
- National Marine Science Centre, Southern Cross University, Coffs Harbour, New South Wales, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Ana Markic
- National Marine Science Centre, Southern Cross University, Coffs Harbour, New South Wales, Australia
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24
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Bravo M, de Los Angeles Gallardo M, Luna-Jorquera G, Núñez P, Vásquez N, Thiel M. Anthropogenic debris on beaches in the SE Pacific (Chile): results from a national survey supported by volunteers. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2009; 58:1718-26. [PMID: 19665738 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2009.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2009] [Revised: 06/13/2009] [Accepted: 06/19/2009] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic marine debris (AMD) is an ubiquitous problem, which has motivated public participation in activities such as beach surveys and clean-up campaigns. While it is known that beaches in the SE Pacific are also affected by this problem, the quantities and types of AMD remain largely unknown. In the context of an outreach project, volunteers (approximately 1500 high-school students) participated in a nation-wide survey of AMD on 43 beaches distributed randomly along the entire Chilean coast (18 degrees S to 53 degrees S). The mean density of AMD was 1.8 items m(-2) and the major types were plastics, cigarette butts and glass. Densities in central Chile were lower than in northern and southern Chile, which could be due to different attitudes of beach users or to intense beach cleaning in central regions. We suggest that public participation in surveys and cleaning activities will raise awareness and thereby contribute to an improvement of the situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Macarena Bravo
- Universidad Católica del Norte, Larrondo 1281, Coquimbo, Chile
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25
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Ryan PG, Moore CJ, van Franeker JA, Moloney CL. Monitoring the abundance of plastic debris in the marine environment. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2009; 364:1999-2012. [PMID: 19528052 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2008.0207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 659] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Plastic debris has significant environmental and economic impacts in marine systems. Monitoring is crucial to assess the efficacy of measures implemented to reduce the abundance of plastic debris, but it is complicated by large spatial and temporal heterogeneity in the amounts of plastic debris and by our limited understanding of the pathways followed by plastic debris and its long-term fate. To date, most monitoring has focused on beach surveys of stranded plastics and other litter. Infrequent surveys of the standing stock of litter on beaches provide crude estimates of debris types and abundance, but are biased by differential removal of litter items by beachcombing, cleanups and beach dynamics. Monitoring the accumulation of stranded debris provides an index of debris trends in adjacent waters, but is costly to undertake. At-sea sampling requires large sample sizes for statistical power to detect changes in abundance, given the high spatial and temporal heterogeneity. Another approach is to monitor the impacts of plastics. Seabirds and other marine organisms that accumulate plastics in their stomachs offer a cost-effective way to monitor the abundance and composition of small plastic litter. Changes in entanglement rates are harder to interpret, as they are sensitive to changes in population sizes of affected species. Monitoring waste disposal on ships and plastic debris levels in rivers and storm-water runoff is useful because it identifies the main sources of plastic debris entering the sea and can direct mitigation efforts. Different monitoring approaches are required to answer different questions, but attempts should be made to standardize approaches internationally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter G Ryan
- Percy FitzPatrick Institute, DST/NRF Centre of Excellence, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa.
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Al-Khatib IA. Children's perceptions and behavior with respect to glass littering in developing countries: a case study in Palestine's Nablus district. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2009; 29:1434-1437. [PMID: 19019670 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2008.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2008] [Revised: 08/19/2008] [Accepted: 08/21/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The aims of this study were to assess the current situation regarding glass litter on the streets and children's attitudes, and behavior concerning glass litter. Out of 240 interviewed children, 41.7% admitted glass littering. This was reflected in the high incidence of injuries caused by street glass among children; 140 (58.3%) of the children interviewed had been injured by broken glass at least once while walking outdoors and 95 of the children had received professional medical care for the lacerations. As reported by the children who admitted to glass littering, the most effective elements (29.6%) in preventing them from littering the streets with glass were moral and religious convictions, and the next most effective practice (20.4%) was improved street cleanliness. Preventive measures such as encouraging moral and religious convictions among children, more effective street cleaning by local authorities, improved footwear, education, and glass recycling incentives, as well as engaging the community in street cleaning campaigns, are all needed to address this public health hazard. More recreational facilities should be provided. Public awareness initiatives led by environmentalists, social workers, primary health care providers or home healthcare providers may also help educate children to wear shoes, prevent glass injuries and increase glass litter awareness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Issam A Al-Khatib
- Institute of Environmental and Water Studies, Civil Engineering Department, Birzeit University, Birzeit, Palestinian National Authority.
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27
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Al-Khatib IA, Arafat HA, Daoud R, Shwahneh H. Enhanced solid waste management by understanding the effects of gender, income, marital status, and religious convictions on attitudes and practices related to street littering in Nablus - Palestinian territory. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2009; 29:449-455. [PMID: 18397822 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2008.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2007] [Revised: 02/17/2008] [Accepted: 02/21/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Litter is recognized as a form of street pollution and a key issue for solid waste managers. Nablus district (West Bank, Palestinian Territory), which has an established network of urban and rural roads, suffers from a wide-spread litter problem that is associated with these roads and is growing steadily with a well-felt negative impact on public health and the environment. The purpose of this research was to study the effects of four socio-economic characteristics (gender, income, marital status, and religious convictions) of district residents on their attitudes, practices, and behavior regarding street litter generation and to suggest possible remedial actions. All four characteristics were found to have strong correlations, not only with littering behavior and practices, but also with potential litter prevention strategies. In particular, the impact of religious convictions of the respondents on their littering habits and attitudes was very clear and interesting to observe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Issam A Al-Khatib
- Institute of Environmental and Water Studies (IEWS), Birzeit University, Ramallah, Occupied Palestinian Territory
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Santos IR, Friedrich AC, Ivar do Sul JA. Marine debris contamination along undeveloped tropical beaches from northeast Brazil. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2009; 148:455-462. [PMID: 18256899 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-008-0175-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2007] [Accepted: 01/14/2008] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We hypothesize that floating debris leaving polluted coastal bays accumulate on nearby pristine beaches. We examined composition, quantities and distribution of marine debris along approximately 150 km of relatively undeveloped, tropical beaches in Costa do Dendê (Bahia, Brazil). The study site is located south of Salvador City, the largest urban settlement from NE Brazil. Strong spatial variations were observed. Plastics accounted for 76% of the sampled items, followed by styrofoam (14%). Small plastic fragments resultant from the breakdown of larger items are ubiquitous all over the area. Because the dominant littoral drift in Bahia is southward, average beach debris densities (9.1 items/m) along Costa do Dendê were threefold higher than densities previously observed north of Salvador City. River-dominated and stable beaches had higher debris quantities than unstable, erosional beaches. Areas immediately south of the major regional embayments (Camamu and Todos os Santos) were the preferential accumulation sites, indicating that rivers draining populous areas are the major source of debris to the study site. Our results provide baseline information for future assessments. Management actions should focus on input prevention at the hydrographic basin level rather than on cleaning services on beaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac R Santos
- Eco-Palmar, Sociedade de Proteção Ambiental de Santa Vitória do Palmar, Rua Marechal Deodoro, 1846, Santa Vitória do Palmar, RS 96230-000, Brazil.
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29
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Ariza E, Jiménez JA, Sardá R. Seasonal evolution of beach waste and litter during the bathing season on the Catalan coast. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2008; 28:2604-13. [PMID: 18243682 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2007.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2007] [Revised: 10/26/2007] [Accepted: 11/28/2007] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Beach waste and litter composition and evolution on popular urban (located in the main nucleus of the municipality) and urbanized (located in residential areas outside the main nucleus) beaches of the Costa Brava (Catalan coast) were assessed during the bathing season. Waste and litter production (amount and composition) were affected by urbanization and varied during the summer. Urban beaches had higher densities of waste deposition and lower percentages of organic, domestic and other miscellaneous waste than urbanized beaches. Litter characteristics were also influenced by type of beach, and varied during the season as a consequence of beach use and cleaning practices, but not environmental factors. Urbanized beaches obtained higher scores for aesthetic quality of sand than urban beaches, and small-sized litter tended to accumulate during the season in the beach of Lloret Centre. The most important problems are management of recyclable materials, litter left by users on the sand, and separation of sand from litter. In addition, current efficiency of mechanical cleaning is low, especially in the withdrawal of cigarette butts. These analyses highlight problems that should be addressed in future management of area beaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduard Ariza
- Centre d'Estudis Avançats de Blanes, CSIC, Carrer d'Accés a la cala St. Francesc 14, 17300 Blanes, Girona, Spain.
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Santos IR, Friedrich AC, Barretto FP. Overseas garbage pollution on beaches of northeast Brazil. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2005; 50:782-6. [PMID: 15946705 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2005.04.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2004] [Revised: 03/08/2005] [Accepted: 04/12/2005] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Rodrigues Santos
- Local Beach, Global Garbage-Verein zur Bekämpfung der Meeresverschmutzung e.V., Zickzackweg 30, D-22605 Hamburg, Germany.
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