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Souto LFL, Borges RM, da Costa RG, Dos Santos RIL, da Silva AJR. Dereplication of calystegines in food plants and wild Solanum Brazilian fruits. Food Chem 2024; 446:138808. [PMID: 38408398 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.138808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Calystegines are potent glycosidase inhibitors with therapeutic potential and are constituents of food and feed with potential toxic effects. This study aims to target calystegines and other nitrogenous substances in food plants. Hydroalcoholic extracts from Solanum tuberosum, Ipomoea batatas, S. lycocarpum, and fruit from S. lycopersicum, S. aethiopicum, S. paniculatum, S. crinitum, and S. acanthodes were analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) using an acidic HILIC column. The dereplication approach included data processing using MZMine2, FBMN-GNPS, and structure elucidation and interpretation of the organized data. The calystegines A3, A5, B2, and C1 were identified, and several potential new calystegine analogues: three may correspond to new calystegines of the A-group, one glycosyl derivative of calystegine A3, and two glycosyl derivatives of the B-group. These findings help to direct the search for new calystegines. In addition, the dereplication approach enabled the annotation of 22 other nitrogen compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luís Fernando L Souto
- Instituto de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de Rondônia, Campus Porto Velho Calama, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil.
| | - Ricardo Moreira Borges
- Instituto de Pesquisas de Produtos Naturais Walter Mors, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | | | - Antônio Jorge Ribeiro da Silva
- Instituto de Pesquisas de Produtos Naturais Walter Mors, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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2
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Derbak L, Vaglica A, Badalamenti N, Porrello A, Ilardi V, Rebbas K, Hamdi B, Bruno M. The chemical composition of the essential oils of two Mediterranean species of Convolvulaceae: Convolvulus althaeoides subsp. tenuissimus collected in Sicily (Italy) and Calystegia silvatica collected in Algeria. Nat Prod Res 2023:1-10. [PMID: 38143316 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2023.2297264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Convolvulus L. and Calystegia R.Br. are two closely related genera of the Convolvulaceae family distributed in Asia, Mediterranean, Macaronesia, East Africa, and Arabia, including about 210 and 30 accepted species, respectively, of flowering plants, present as trees, shrubs, and herbs. The ethnomedical use of Convolvulus species dates to 1730s as they displayed profuse medicinal properties. In the present study, the not previously investigated chemical compositions of the essential oils from aerial parts of Convolvulus althaeoides subsp. tenuissimus (Sm.) Bat., collected in Sicily, and Calystegia sylvatica (Kit.) Griseb., collected in Algeria, were evaluated by GC-MS. The main components of the essential oil of the first one were β-caryophyllene (28.68%), γ-muurolene (23.75%), and γ-elemene (17.55%), whereas the C. silvatica essential oil was shown to be rich of valeranone (10.77%), viridiflorol (9.45%), and germacrene D (8.61%). Furthermore, a complete literature review on the ethno-pharmacological uses of Convolvulus and Calystegia species was performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larbi Derbak
- Laboratory of Ethnobotany and Natural Substances, ENS de Kouba, Algiers, Faculty of Sciences, University of M'sila, Algeria
| | - Alessandro Vaglica
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Natale Badalamenti
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonella Porrello
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Ilardi
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Khellaf Rebbas
- Laboratory of Ethnobotany and Natural Substances, ENS de Kouba, Algiers, Faculty of Sciences, University of M'sila, Algeria
| | - Bendif Hamdi
- Laboratory of Ethnobotany and Natural Substances, ENS de Kouba, Algiers, Faculty of Sciences, University of M'sila, Algeria
| | - Maurizio Bruno
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, Italy
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca "Riutilizzo bio-based degli scarti da matrici agroalimentari" (RIVIVE), University of Palermo, Palermo
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Metabolomics-guided discovery of cytochrome P450s involved in pseudotropine-dependent biosynthesis of modified tropane alkaloids. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3832. [PMID: 35780230 PMCID: PMC9250511 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31653-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant alkaloids constitute an important class of bioactive chemicals with applications in medicine and agriculture. However, the knowledge gap of the diversity and biosynthesis of phytoalkaloids prevents systematic advances in biotechnology for engineered production of these high-value compounds. In particular, the identification of cytochrome P450s driving the structural diversity of phytoalkaloids has remained challenging. Here, we use a combination of reverse genetics with discovery metabolomics and multivariate statistical analysis followed by in planta transient assays to investigate alkaloid diversity and functionally characterize two candidate cytochrome P450s genes from Atropa belladonna without a priori knowledge of their functions or information regarding the identities of key pathway intermediates. This approach uncovered a largely unexplored root localized alkaloid sub-network that relies on pseudotropine as precursor. The two cytochrome P450s catalyze N-demethylation and ring-hydroxylation reactions within the early steps in the biosynthesis of diverse N-demethylated modified tropane alkaloids. Cytochrome P450s drive the structural diversity of plant alkaloids, many of which have biotechnological uses. Here the authors use reverse genetics and metabolomics to identify two Atropa belladonna cytochrome P450s that synthesize pseudotropine-derived alkaloids.
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A Medicinal Halophyte Ipomoea pes-caprae (Linn.) R. Br.: A Review of Its Botany, Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry, and Bioactivity. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20050329. [PMID: 35621980 PMCID: PMC9144928 DOI: 10.3390/md20050329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Ipomoea pes-caprae (Linn.) R. Br. (Convolvulaceae) is a halophytic plant that favorably grows in tropical and subtropical countries in Asia, America, Africa, and Australia. Even though this plant is considered a pan-tropical plant, I. pes-caprae has been found to occur in inland habitats and coasts of wider areas, such as Spain, Anguilla, South Africa, and Marshall Island, either through a purposeful introduction, accidentally by dispersal, or by spreading due to climate change. The plant parts are used in traditional medicine for treating a wide range of diseases, such as inflammation, gastrointestinal disorders, pain, and hypertension. Previous phytochemical analyses of the plant have revealed pharmacologically active components, such as alkaloids, glycosides, steroids, terpenoids, and flavonoids. These phytoconstituents are responsible for the wide range of biological activities possessed by I. pes-caprae plant parts and extracts. This review arranges the previous reports on the botany, distribution, traditional uses, chemical constituents, and biological activities of I. pes-caprae to facilitate further studies that would lead to the discovery of novel bioactive natural products from this halophyte.
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Song C, Zhang Y, Manzoor MA, Li G. Identification of alkaloids and related intermediates of Dendrobium officinale by solid-phase extraction coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:952051. [PMID: 35991437 PMCID: PMC9386266 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.952051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Jasmonate (JA) signaling plays a pivotal role in plant stress responses and secondary metabolism. Many studies have demonstrated that JA effectively induce the expressions of alkaloid biosynthetic genes in various plants, which rendered to the accumulation of alkaloid to counteract stresses. Despite the multiple roles of JA in the regulation of plant growth and different stresses, less studied involved in the regulatory role of JA in Dendrobium officinale alkaloids. A strategy for the rapid identification of alkaloid and the intermediates of D. officinale was established based on a solid-phase extraction coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method. By using SPE-LC-MS/MS method, the potential compounds were tentatively identified by aligning the accurate molecular weight with the METLIN and Dictionary of Natural Products databases. The chemical structures and main characteristic fragments of the potential compounds were further confirmed by retrieving the multistage mass spectra from the MassBank and METLIN databases. The Mass Frontier software was used to speculate the fragmentation pathway of the identified compounds. Seven alkaloids were separated and identified from D. officinale, which were mainly classified into five types (tropane alkaloids, tetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloids, quinolizidine alkaloids, piperidine alkaloids, and spermidine alkaloids). Besides the alkaloids, forty-nine chemical substances, including guanidines, nucleotides, dipeptides, sphingolipids and nitrogen-containing glucosides, were concurrently identified. These findings gives the composition of chemicals currently found in D. officinale, which could provide the scientific method for the identification of alkaloids in other Dendrobium plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Song
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, Lu’an, China
- *Correspondence: Cheng Song,
| | - Yunpeng Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Guohui Li
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, Lu’an, China
- Guohui Li,
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Lo Faro AF, Di Trana A, La Maida N, Tagliabracci A, Giorgetti R, Busardò FP. Biomedical analysis of New Psychoactive Substances (NPS) of natural origin. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2019; 179:112945. [PMID: 31704129 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2019.112945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
New psychoactive substances (NPS) can be divided into two main groups: synthetic molecules and active principles of natural origin. With respect to this latter group, a wide range of alkaloids contained in plants, mainly from Asia and South America, can be included in the class of NPS of natural origin. The majority NPS of natural origin presents stimulant and/or hallucinogenic effects (e.g. Catha edulis and Ayahuasca, respectively) while few of them show sedative and relaxing properties (e.g. kratom). Few information is available in relation to the analytical identification of psychoactive principles contained in the plant material. Moreover, to our knowledge, scarce data are present in literature, about the characterization and quantification of the parent drug in biological matrices from intoxication and fatality cases. In addition, the metabolism of natural active principles has not been yet fully investigated for most of the psychoactive substances from plant material. Consequently, their identification is not frequently performed and produced metabolites are often unknown. To fill this gap, we reviewed the currently available analytical methodologies for the identification and quantification of NPS of natural origin in plant material and, whenever possible, in conventional and non-conventional biological matrices of intoxicated and dead subjects. The psychoactive principles contained in the following plants were investigated: Areca catechu, Argyreia nervosa, Ayahuasca, Catha edulis, Ipomoea violacea, Mandragora officinarum, Mitragyna speciosa, Pausinystalia yohimbe, Piper methisticum, Psilocybe, Rivea corymbosa, Salvia divinorum, Sceletium tortuosum, Lactuca virosa. From the results obtained, it can be evidenced that although several analytical methods for the simultaneous quantification of different molecules from the same plants have been developed and validated, a comprehensive method to detect active compounds from different natural specimens both in biological and non-biological matrices is still lacking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Fabrizio Lo Faro
- Department of Excellence of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, University "Politecnica delle Marche" of Ancona, Via Tronto 71, Ancona, Italy
| | - Annagiulia Di Trana
- Department of Excellence of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, University "Politecnica delle Marche" of Ancona, Via Tronto 71, Ancona, Italy
| | - Nunzia La Maida
- Department of Excellence of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, University "Politecnica delle Marche" of Ancona, Via Tronto 71, Ancona, Italy
| | - Adriano Tagliabracci
- Department of Excellence of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, University "Politecnica delle Marche" of Ancona, Via Tronto 71, Ancona, Italy
| | - Raffaele Giorgetti
- Department of Excellence of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, University "Politecnica delle Marche" of Ancona, Via Tronto 71, Ancona, Italy
| | - Francesco Paolo Busardò
- Department of Excellence of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, University "Politecnica delle Marche" of Ancona, Via Tronto 71, Ancona, Italy.
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Lee JI, Kim IH, Nam TJ. Crude extract and solvent fractions of Calystegia soldanella induce G1 and S phase arrest of the cell cycle in HepG2 cells. Int J Oncol 2017; 50:414-420. [PMID: 28101580 PMCID: PMC5238786 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2017.3836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The representative halophyte Calystegia soldanella (L) Roem. et Schult is a perennial vine herb that grows in coastal dunes throughout South Korea as well as in other regions around the world. This plant has long been used as an edible and medicinal herb to cure rheumatic arthritis, sore throat, dropsy, and scurvy. Some studies have also shown that this plant species exhibits various biological activities. However, there are few studies on cytotoxicity induced by C. soldanella treatment in HepG2 human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. In this study, we investigated the viability of HepG2 cells following treatment with crude extracts and four solvent-partitioned fractions of C. soldanella. Of the crude extract and four solvent fractions tested, treatment with the 85% aqueous methanol (aq. MeOH) fraction resulted in the greatest inhibition of HepG2 cell proliferation. Flow cytometry showed that the 85% aq. MeOH fraction induced a G0/G1 and S phase arrest of the cell cycle progression. The 85% aq. MeOH fraction arrested HepG2 cells at the G0/G1 phase in a concentration-dependent manner, and resulted in decreased expression of cyclin D1, cyclin E, cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)2, CDK4, CDK6, p21, and p27. Additionally, the 85% aq. MeOH fraction treatment also arrested HepG2 cells in the S phase, with decreased expression of cyclin A, CDK2, and CDC25A. Also, treatment with this fraction reduced the expression of retinoblastoma (RB) protein and the transcription factor E2F. These results suggest that the 85% aq. MeOH fraction exhibits potential anticancer activity in HepG2 cells by inducing G0/G1 and S phase arrest of the cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Im Lee
- Institute of Fisheries Science, Pukyong National University, Ilgwang-myeon, Gijang-gun, Busan 619-911
| | - In-Hye Kim
- Institute of Fisheries Science, Pukyong National University, Ilgwang-myeon, Gijang-gun, Busan 619-911
| | - Taek-Jeong Nam
- Institute of Fisheries Science, Pukyong National University, Ilgwang-myeon, Gijang-gun, Busan 619-911
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pukyong National University, Nam-gu, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
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Küster N, Rosahl S, Dräger B. Potato plants with genetically engineered tropane alkaloid precursors. PLANTA 2017; 245:355-365. [PMID: 27783159 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-016-2610-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Solanum tuberosum tropinone reductase I reduced tropinone in vivo. Suppression of tropinone reductase II strongly reduced calystegines in sprouts. Overexpression of putrescine N -methyltransferase did not alter calystegine accumulation. Calystegines are hydroxylated alkaloids formed by the tropane alkaloid pathway. They accumulate in potato (Solanum tuberosum L., Solanaceae) roots and sprouting tubers. Calystegines inhibit various glycosidases in vitro due to their sugar-mimic structure, but functions of calystegines in plants are not understood. Enzymes participating in or competing with calystegine biosynthesis, including putrescine N-methyltransferase (PMT) and tropinone reductases (TRI and TRII), were altered in their activity in potato plants by RNA interference (RNAi) and by overexpression. The genetically altered potato plants were investigated for the accumulation of calystegines and for intermediates of their biosynthesis. An increase in N-methylputrescine provided by DsPMT expression was not sufficient to increase calystegine accumulation. Overexpression and gene knockdown of StTRI proved that S. tuberosum TRI is a functional tropinone reductase in vivo, but no influence on calystegine accumulation was observed. When StTRII expression was suppressed by RNAi, calystegine formation was severely compromised in the transformed plants. Under phytochamber and green house conditions, the StTRII RNAi plants did not show phenotypic alterations. Further investigation of calystegines function in potato plants under natural conditions is enabled by the calystegine deprived StTRII RNAi plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Küster
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Hoher Weg 8, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Sabine Rosahl
- Department of Stress and Developmental Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Birgit Dräger
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Hoher Weg 8, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany.
- University Leipzig, Ritterstraße 26, 04109, Leipzig, Germany.
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Mulder PP, de Nijs M, Castellari M, Hortos M, MacDonald S, Crews C, Hajslova J, Stranska M. Occurrence of tropane alkaloids in food. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.2903/sp.efsa.2016.en-1140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Massimo Castellari
- Institute for Research and Technology in Food and Agriculture (IRTA) Spain
| | - Maria Hortos
- Institute for Research and Technology in Food and Agriculture (IRTA) Spain
| | | | | | - Jana Hajslova
- University of Chemistry and Technology (UCT) Czech Republic
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Abstract
This review of simple indolizidine and quinolizidine alkaloids (i.e., those in which the parent bicyclic systems are in general not embedded in polycyclic arrays) is an update of the previous coverage in Volume 55 of this series (2001). The present survey covers the literature from mid-1999 to the end of 2013; and in addition to aspects of the isolation, characterization, and biological activity of the alkaloids, much emphasis is placed on their total synthesis. A brief introduction to the topic is followed by an overview of relevant alkaloids from fungal and microbial sources, among them slaframine, cyclizidine, Steptomyces metabolites, and the pantocins. The important iminosugar alkaloids lentiginosine, steviamine, swainsonine, castanospermine, and related hydroxyindolizidines are dealt with in the subsequent section. The fourth and fifth sections cover metabolites from terrestrial plants. Pertinent plant alkaloids bearing alkyl, functionalized alkyl or alkenyl substituents include dendroprimine, anibamine, simple alkaloids belonging to the genera Prosopis, Elaeocarpus, Lycopodium, and Poranthera, and bicyclic alkaloids of the lupin family. Plant alkaloids bearing aryl or heteroaryl substituents include ipalbidine and analogs, secophenanthroindolizidine and secophenanthroquinolizidine alkaloids (among them septicine, julandine, and analogs), ficuseptine, lasubines, and other simple quinolizidines of the Lythraceae, the simple furyl-substituted Nuphar alkaloids, and a mixed quinolizidine-quinazoline alkaloid. The penultimate section of the review deals with the sizable group of simple indolizidine and quinolizidine alkaloids isolated from, or detected in, ants, mites, and terrestrial amphibians, and includes an overview of the "dietary hypothesis" for the origin of the amphibian metabolites. The final section surveys relevant alkaloids from marine sources, and includes clathryimines and analogs, stellettamides, the clavepictines and pictamine, and bis(quinolizidine) alkaloids.
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Fatima N, Rahman MM, Khan MA, Fu J. A review on Ipomoea carnea: pharmacology, toxicology and phytochemistry. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY & INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 11:55-62. [PMID: 24651023 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2013-0046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 02/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Phytomedicines are increasingly being established in modern medical science. The shrub Ipomoea carnea has been used traditionally for thousands of years. However, there are few scientific studies on this medicinal plant, and most of the information are scattered. In this review, we have summarized the existing knowledge and recent progress on the medicinal importance of I. carnea. Different extracts of I. carnea plant possess anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, anti-oxidant, anti-cancer, anti-convulsant, immunomodulatory, anti-diabetic, hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, anxiolytic, sedative and wound healing activities. However, some toxicological effects have been also reported. Some of the major phytochemicals associated with the bioactivity of I. carnea have been characterized, which have been discussed in this study too. This review article might be beneficial for phytotherapy research, as I. carnea can be a good source for drug development.
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α-Glucosidase-inhibitory iminosugars from the leaves of Suregada glomerulata. Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 21:6796-803. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.07.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2013] [Revised: 07/25/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Torre JCP, Schmidt GW, Paetz C, Reichelt M, Schneider B, Gershenzon J, D'Auria JC. The biosynthesis of hydroxycinnamoyl quinate esters and their role in the storage of cocaine in Erythroxylum coca. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2013; 91:177-186. [PMID: 23089134 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2012.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2012] [Revised: 07/25/2012] [Accepted: 09/25/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Complexation of alkaloids is an important strategy plants utilize to facilitate storage in vacuoles and avoid autotoxicity. Previous studies have implicated hydroxycinnamoyl quinate esters in the complexation of purine alkaloids in Coffea arabica. The goal of this study was to determine if Erythroxylum coca uses similar complexation agents to store abundant tropane alkaloids, such as cocaine and cinnamoyl cocaine. Metabolite analysis of various E. coca organs established a close correlation between levels of coca alkaloids and those of two hydroxycinnamoyl esters of quinic acid, chlorogenic acid and 4-coumaroyl quinate. The BAHD acyltransferase catalyzing the final step in hydroxycinnamoyl quinate biosynthesis was isolated and characterized, and its gene expression found to correlate with tropane alkaloid accumulation. A physical interaction between chlorogenic acid and cocaine was observed and quantified in vitro using UV and NMR spectroscopic methods yielding similar values to those reported for a caffeine chlorogenate complex in C. arabica. These results suggest that storage of cocaine and other coca alkaloids in large quantities in E. coca involves hydroxycinnamoyl quinate esters as complexation partners.
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Kamimura A, Miyazaki K, Suzuki S, Ishikawa S, Uno H. Total synthesis of ent-calystegine B4 via nitro-Michael/aldol reaction. Org Biomol Chem 2012; 10:4362-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ob25386k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Zhang ZL, Nakagawa S, Kato A, Jia YM, Hu XG, Yu CY. A concise stereoselective synthesis of (−)-erycibelline. Org Biomol Chem 2011; 9:7713-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c1ob06244a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Lin GJ, Zheng X, Huang PQ. A new method for the construction of the hydroxylated tropane skeleton: enantioselective synthesis of (−)-Bao Gong Teng A. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:1545-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cc04371k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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18
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Biastoff
- Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany
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Schimming T, Jenett-Siems K, Mann P, Tofern-Reblin B, Milson J, Johnson RW, Deroin T, Austin DF, Eich E. Calystegines as chemotaxonomic markers in the Convolvulaceae. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2005; 66:469-480. [PMID: 15694454 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2004.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2004] [Revised: 12/20/2004] [Accepted: 12/20/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
An extended GC-MS study of 129 convolvulaceous species belonging to 29 genera (all 12 tribes) including the results of a previous survey (65 spp.) revealed the occurrence of one to six polyhydroxy alkaloids of the nortropane type (calystegines) in 62 species belonging to 22 genera of all tribes except the unique parasitic Cuscuteae. The large genus Ipomoea turned out to comprise calystegine-positive species in at least eight out of ten sections checked. The number of the calystegines used as reference compounds has been increased from seven (previous survey) to 11 (present study). Furthermore, the results concerning these additional four alkaloids could also be completed for all species of the previous survey. The plant material (epigeal vegetative parts and/or roots, flowers, fruits/seeds) was obtained from collections in the wild from a wide range of tropical, subtropical, and temperate locations of all continents as well as from cultivation in the greenhouse. All plant organs turned out to be potential locations for the occurrence of these metabolites though they are detectable often only in certain organs of a given species. Three genera (Cuscuta, Operculina, Polymeria) might have lost the ability to synthesize these plesiomorphic characters in the course of the evolution since the examination of several different organs and/or provenances of five species each failed to show calystegines as constituents. Nevertheless, the present data clearly demonstrate that the occurrence of calystegines is an almost consistent trait in the Convolvulaceae in principle, from basal to most advanced tribes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Schimming
- Institut für Pharmazie (Pharmazeutische Biologie), Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Strasse 2-4, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
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21
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Kim Y, Min HY, Park HJ, Lee EJ, Park EJ, Hwang HJ, Jin C, Lee YS, Lee SK. Suppressive effects of nitric oxide production and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) gene expression by Calystegia soldanella methanol extract on lipopolysaccharide-activated RAW 264.7 cells. Eur J Cancer Prev 2004; 13:419-24. [PMID: 15452455 DOI: 10.1097/00008469-200410000-00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Since nitric oxide (NO) produced by inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) has been found to be involved in various pathophysiological processes, including inflammation and carcinogenesis, the modulators of NO synthesis or expression have been considered as potential anti-inflammatory and cancer chemopreventive agents. In this study, to procure the iNOS inhibitors from natural products, we evaluated 57 methanol extracts of natural products including Korean indigenous plants for the inhibition of NO formation on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated mouse macrophage-like RAW 264.7 cells. As a result, several extracts including those from Actinodaphne lancifolia, Calystegia soldanella, Caryratia japonica, Citrus dachibana, Dystaenia takeshimana, Erysimum aurantiacum, Hovenia undulata, Stewartia koreana and Viburnum awabuki showed potent inhibitory activities of NO production (>70% inhibition at the test concentration of 40 microg/ml). In particular, the extract of Calystegia soldanella showed a potential inhibition of NO production in a dose-dependent manner (IC50=4.3 microg/ml). Subsequent study also exhibited that the extract of Calystegia soldanella significantly suppressed iNOS protein and gene expression in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggest that Calystegia soldanella might be a new potential candidate for developing an iNOS inhibitor from natural products and also could be warranted for further elucidation of active principles for the development of new anti-inflammatory and/or cancer chemopreventive agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, 11-1 Daehyun-dong, Seodaemun-ku, Seoul 150-750, Korea
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22
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Dräger
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, D-06120 Halle, Germany.
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23
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Höke D, Dräger B. Calystegines in Calystegia sepium do not inhibit fungal growth and invertase activity but interact with plant invertase. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2004; 6:206-213. [PMID: 15045673 DOI: 10.1055/s-2004-817797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Calystegines are alkaloidal glycosidase inhibitors. They accumulate predominantly in young and meristemic parts of Calystegia sepium (Convolvulaceae). C. sepium, bindweed, infests meadows and cereal fields and is difficult to control chemically. Fungal pathogens against C. sepium are established as mycoherbicides. Stagonospora convolvuli LA39 attacks C. sepium and does not affect crop plants, but young plants of C. sepium are less susceptible to the fungus. The interaction of Stagonospora convolvuli with calystegines was investigated. Further, endophytic fungi of several classes were isolated from wild-grown Calystegia sepium leaves, and selected strains were tested for interaction with calystegines. Fungal growth on agar containing calystegines was not affected considerably. Plants in climate chambers were infected with an endophyte, Phomopsis, and with the fungal pathogen, Stagonospora convolvuli. Calystegine levels were measured in infected and non-infected plant tissues. Accumulation depended on developmental stage of the plant tissue and was not influenced by infection. Acid invertase was measured from fungal mycelia and from infected and non-infected plant tissues. Fungal acid invertase activity was not inhibited by 10 mM calystegine B (2), while invertase from C. sepium leaves was inhibited. It is concluded that calystegines do not inhibit fungal development and sucrose consumption under the conditions of the present investigation, but may act by redirection of plant carbohydrate metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Höke
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
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24
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Ikeda K, Kato A, Adachi I, Haraguchi M, Asano N. Alkaloids from the poisonous plant Ipomoea carnea: effects on intracellular lysosomal glycosidase activities in human lymphoblast cultures. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2003; 51:7642-7646. [PMID: 14664522 DOI: 10.1021/jf035003k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
There is natural intoxication of livestock by the ingestion of Ipomoea carnea (Convolvulaceae) in Brazil and other parts of the world. The alkaloidal glycosidase inhibitors swainsonine, 2-epi-lentiginosine, and calystegines B(1), B(2), B(3), and C(1) have been identified as constituents of this plant. Swainsonine is a potent inhibitor of rat lysosomal alpha-mannosidase, with an IC(50) value of 0.02 microM, whereas calystegines B(1), B(2), and C(1) are potent inhibitors of rat lysosomal beta-glucosidase, with IC(50) values of 2.1, 0.75, and 0.84 microM, respectively. The action of swainsonine results in a lysosomal storage disorder that closely mimics alpha-mannosidosis in humans. To determine whether the toxicity of I. carnea to livestock is due to purely swainsonine or due to a combination of effects by swainsonine and calystegines, intracellular lysosomal glycosidase activities in normal human lymphoblasts grown with inhibitors in the medium were examined. Incubation of lymphoblasts with 0.1 microM swainsonine for 3 days resulted in approximately 60% reduction of alpha-mannosidase activity. On the other hand, calystegines B(2) and C(1) showed no inhibition of beta-glucosidase up to 1 mM; instead inclusion of calystegines B(2) and C(1) at 100 microM in the culture medium increased its activity by 1.5- and 1.6-fold, respectively. Calystegines B(2) and C(1) seem to act as chemical chaperones, enhancing correct folding of the enzyme and enabling smooth trafficking to the lysosome. The lysosomal beta-glucosidase inhibitory calystegines seem to have little risk of inducing intoxication of livestock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoko Ikeda
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokuriku University, Ho-3 Kanagawa-machi, Kanazawa 920-1181, Japan
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25
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Schwarz A, Górniak SL, Bernardi MM, Dagli MLZ, Spinosa HS. Effects of Ipomoea carnea aqueous fraction intake by dams during pregnancy on the physical and neurobehavioral development of rat offspring. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2003; 25:615-26. [PMID: 12972075 DOI: 10.1016/s0892-0362(03)00078-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The effects of daily prenatal exposure to 0.0, 0.7, 3.0 and 15.0 mg/kg of the aqueous extract (AQE) of Ipomoea carnea dried leaves on gestational days 5-21 were studied in rat pups and adult offspring. The physical and reflex developmental parameters, open-field, plus-maze, social interaction, forced swimming, catalepsy and stereotyped behaviors, as well as striatal, cortical and hypothalamic monoamine levels (at 140 days of age) were measured. Maternal and offspring body weights were unaffected by exposure to the different doses of the AQE. High postnatal mortality, smaller size at Day 1 of life, reversible hyperflexion of the carpal joints and delay in the opening of both ears and in negative geotaxis were observed in the offspring exposed to the higher dose of AQE. At 60 and 90 days of age, open-field locomotion frequency was quite different between 0.0 and animals treated with 0.7 and 3.0 mg/kg AQE. No changes were observed in the plus-maze, social interaction, forced swimming, catalepsy, stereotyped behavior and central nervous system monoamines concentrations. Dams treated with the higher AQE dose showed severe cytoplasmic vacuolation in liver, kidney, pancreas and thyroid tissues, in contrast to the mild vacuolation observed in the other experimental groups. No alterations were observed in the histopathological study of the offspring of all experimental groups at 140 days of age. During adulthood, behavior was not modified in offspring exposed to the higher dose of AQE as well as no changes occurred in central nervous system neurotransmitters. The present data show that the offspring development alterations were not severe enough to produce behavioral and central monoamine level changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Schwarz
- Department of Pathology, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, CEP 05508-900, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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26
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Scholl Y, Schneider B, Dräger B. Biosynthesis of calystegines: 15N NMR and kinetics of formation in root cultures of Calystegia sepium. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2003; 62:325-332. [PMID: 12620344 DOI: 10.1016/s0031-9422(02)00544-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Calystegines are nortropane alkaloids bearing between three and five hydroxyl groups in various positions. [15N]Tropinone was administered to root cultures of Calystegia sepium and the incorporation into calystegines was followed. Increase of label in calystegines was measured by one-dimensional 15N NMR and inverse-detected 2D NMR techniques. The results show that tropinone and pseudotropine are metabolites in the biosynthetic pathway of calystegines. The velocity of calystegine accumulation was followed kinetically by transfer of root cultures from 15N-enriched medium to 14N-medium and analysis by GC-MS. A constant calystegine formation with no interference by excretion or degradation was observed. A biosynthetic rate for individual calystegines at each time point was calculated, the maximum was 0.4 mg/day/g of biomass. This allowed the velocity of individual biosynthetic steps to be estimated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Scholl
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Biologie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Hoher Weg 8, D-06120 Halle/Saale, Germany
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27
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Abstract
The current methods for tropane alkaloid chromatographic separation and determination are summarised. The alkaloids included are: the medicinally applied tropic acid esters hyoscyamine and scopolamine and their derivatives, cocaine and derivatives, the metabolites and degradation products of these compounds occurring in plant material, calystegines as nortropane alkaloids, anatoxins as homonortropane alkaloids, pelletierines and pseudopelletierines as alkaloids with isomeric structures. Developments in GC, HPLC, CE and TLC are presented and the advantages of each method for plant analysis are discussed. A summary for each chromatographic method lists the instrumentation and parameters applied for tropane alkaloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Dräger
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Hoher Weg 8, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany.
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28
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Kusano G, Orihara S, Tsukamoto D, Shibano M, Coskun M, Guvenc A, Erdurak CS. Five new nortropane alkaloids and six new amino acids from the fruit of Morus alba LINNE growing in Turkey. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2002; 50:185-92. [PMID: 11848207 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.50.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Investigation of the constituents of the fruits of Morus alba LINNE (Moraceae) afforded five new nortropane alkaloids (1-5) along with nor-psi-tropine (6) and six new amino acids, morusimic acids A-F (7-12). The structures of the new compounds were determined to be 2alpha,3beta-dihydroxynortropane (1), 2beta,3beta-dihydroxynortropane (2), 2alpha,3beta,6exo-trihydroxynortropane (3), 2alpha,3beta,4alpha-rihydroxynortropane (4), 3beta,6exo-dihydroxynortropane (5), (3R)-3-hydroxy-12-[(1S,4S)-4-[(1S)-1-hydroxyethyl]-pyrrolidin-1-yll-dodecanoic acid-3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (7), (3R)-3-hydroxy-12-[(1S,4S)-4-[(1S)-1-hydroxyethyl]-pyrrolidin-1-yll-dodecanoic acid (8), (3R)-3-hydroxy-12-1(1R,4R,5S)-4-hydroxy-5-methyl-piperidin-1-yll-dodecanoic acid-3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (9), (3R)-3-hydroxy-12-[(1R,4R,5S)-4-hydroxy-5-methyl-piperidin-1-yll-dodecanoic acid (10), (3R)-3-hydroxy-12-[(1R,4R,5S)-4-hydroxy-5-hydroxymethyl-piperidin-1-yl]-dodecanoic acid-3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (11), and (3R)-3-hydroxy-12-[(1R,4S,5S)-4-hydroxy-5-methyl-piperidin-1-yl]-dodecanoic acid (12) on the basis of spectral and chemical data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genjirou Kusano
- Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan.
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29
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Scholl Y, Höke D, Dräger B. Calystegines in Calystegia sepium derive from the tropane alkaloid pathway. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2001; 58:883-889. [PMID: 11684185 DOI: 10.1016/s0031-9422(01)00362-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Calystegines were measured in roots and aerial parts of Calystegia sepium. The accumulation appears developmentally regulated. Calystegine accumulation in hairy root cultures follows growth and reaches maximal values of 1,5 mg/g dry mass. 15N-Labelled tropinone was fed to root cultures and the incorporation of label into calystegines and further metabolites of the tropane alkaloid pathway was measured after 2, 4 and 6 days. Pseudotropine was completely labelled after 2 days, and calystegine A(3) was labelled faster than the calystegines of the B-group. 2,7-Dihydroxynortropane also incorporated 15N from tropinone and is suggested to be a by-product of the tropane alkaloid pathway leading to calystegines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Scholl
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Biologie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Hoher Weg 8, 06120, Halle/Saale, Germany
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30
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Scholl Y, Asano N, Dräger B. Automated multiple development thin layer chromatography for calystegines and their biosynthetic precursors. J Chromatogr A 2001; 928:217-24. [PMID: 11587340 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(01)01128-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Automated multiple development thin layer chromatography (AMD-TLC) was used for separation of calystegines, a class of nortropane alkaloids, and of precursors of their biosynthesis. The calystegines differ in the number of hydroxyl groups at the nortropane ring system and in the substitution pattern. A combination of TLC methods allows the separation of the individual calystegines and separation of possible precursors of the biosynthesis. Solvent combination, development time, the number of development steps, the drying time between each run and the preconditioning parameters of the silica gel TLC plates were optimised. Limits of detection were evaluated for several detection reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Scholl
- Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, Halle/Saale, Germany
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31
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Asano N, Yamashita T, Yasuda K, Ikeda K, Kizu H, Kameda Y, Kato A, Nash RJ, Lee HS, Ryu KS. Polyhydroxylated alkaloids isolated from mulberry trees (Morusalba L.) and silkworms (Bombyx mori L.). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2001; 49:4208-13. [PMID: 11559112 DOI: 10.1021/jf010567e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 256] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
New polyhydroxylated alkaloids, (2R,3R,4R)-2-hydroxymethyl-3,4-dihydroxypyrrolidine-N-propionamide from the root bark of Morus alba L., and 4-O-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-calystegine B(2) and 3 beta,6 beta-dihydroxynortropane from the fruits, were isolated by column chromatography using a variety of ion-exchange resins. Fifteen other polyhydroxylated alkaloids were also isolated. 1-Deoxynojirimycin, a potent alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, was concentrated 2.7-fold by silkworms feeding on mulberry leaves. Some alkaloids contained in mulberry leaves were potent inhibitors of mammalian digestive glycosidases but not inhibitors of silkworm midgut glycosidases, suggesting that the silkworm has enzymes specially adapted to enable it to feed on mulberry leaves. The possibility of preventing the onset of diabetes and obesity using natural dietary supplements containing 1-deoxynojirimycin and other alpha-glucosidase inhibitors in high concentration is of great potential interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Asano
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokuriku University, Ho-3 Kanagawa-machi, Kanazawa 920-1181, Japan.
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