1
|
Katja DG, Hilmayanti E, Mayanti T, Harneti D, Maharani R, Farabi K, Lesmana R, Fajriah S, Supratman U, Azmi MN, Shiono Y. Limonoids from the fruits of Chisocheton lasiocarpus (Meliaceae). JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2023; 25:36-43. [PMID: 35128999 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2022.2032678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Two new azadirone-type limonoids, namely lasiocarpine A (1) and lasiocarpine B (2) were isolated from the fruit of Chisocheton lasiocarpus along with three known limonoids (3-5). UV, IR, one- and two- dimensional NMR, and mass spectrometry were used to determine the chemical structure of the isolated compounds. Furthermore, their cytotoxic activity against breast cancer cell line MCF-7 was evaluated using PrestoBlue reagent. From these compounds, lasiocarpine A (1) showed the strongest activity with an IC50 value of 43.38 μM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dewa Gede Katja
- Departement of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Sam Ratulangi University, Manado 95115, Indonesia
| | - Erina Hilmayanti
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor 45363, Sumedang, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Tri Mayanti
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor 45363, Sumedang, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Desi Harneti
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor 45363, Sumedang, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Rani Maharani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor 45363, Sumedang, West Java, Indonesia
- Central Laboratory of Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
| | - Kindi Farabi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor 45363, Sumedang, West Java, Indonesia
- Central Laboratory of Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
| | - Ronny Lesmana
- Central Laboratory of Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
- Physiology Division, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor 45363, Indonesia
| | - Sofa Fajriah
- Research Center for Chemistry, Indonesian Science Institute, Serpong 15311, South Tangerang, Indonesia
| | - Unang Supratman
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor 45363, Sumedang, West Java, Indonesia
- Central Laboratory of Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
| | - Mohamad Nurul Azmi
- School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Penang 11800, Malaysia
| | - Yoshihito Shiono
- Department of Bioresources Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture Yamagata University, Tsuruoka-shi, Yamagata 997-8555, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hilmayanti E, Nurlelasari, Supratman U, Kabayama K, Shimoyama A, Fukase K. Limonoids with anti-inflammatory activity: A review. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2022; 204:113469. [PMID: 36228704 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2022.113469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The natural limonoids distributed mainly in the Meliaceae and Rutaceae plants are known for their unique and complex structure with high degree oxidation and cyclic rearrangement. However, these compounds exhibit a broad range of biological activities such as insecticidal, antibacterial, antifungal, antimalarial, antioxidant, anticancer, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory. There is still limited report about the biological activity of the anti-inflammatory effect of limonoids isolated from plants. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the effect of intact, deformed and rearranged limonoids as anti-inflammatory agents. The majority of anti-inflammatory investigations were evaluated by in vitro and in vivo assays of the isolated pure compounds and their derivatives. For the in vitro study, intact and C-ring seco limonoids showed a potent inhibitory effect against NO production. The in vivo analysis of Intact, C-seco, and AD-seco limonoids showed a potent effect based on the inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines expression, indicating their potency as anti-inflammatory agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erina Hilmayanti
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, 45363, Sumedang, West Java, Indonesia; Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Nurlelasari
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, 45363, Sumedang, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Unang Supratman
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, 45363, Sumedang, West Java, Indonesia; Central Laboratory of Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, 45363, Sumedang, West Java, Indonesia.
| | - Kazuya Kabayama
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Atsushi Shimoyama
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Koichi Fukase
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lin M, Yang S, Huang J, Zhou L. Insecticidal Triterpenes in Meliaceae: Plant Species, Molecules and Activities: Part Ⅰ ( Aphanamixis- Chukrasia). Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413262. [PMID: 34948062 PMCID: PMC8704831 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant-originated triterpenes are important insecticidal molecules. The research on insecticidal activity of molecules from Meliaceae plants has always received attention due to the molecules from this family showing a variety of insecticidal activities with diverse mechanisms of action. In this paper, we discuss 102 triterpenoid molecules with insecticidal activity of plants of eight genera (Aglaia, Aphanamixis, Azadirachta, Cabralea, Carapa, Cedrela, Chisocheton, and Chukrasia) in Meliaceae. In total, 19 insecticidal plant species are presented. Among these species, Azadirachta indica A. Juss is the most well-known insecticidal plant and azadirachtin is the active molecule most widely recognized and highly effective botanical insecticide. However, it is noteworthy that six species from Cedrela were reported to show insecticidal activity and deserve future study. In this paper, a total of 102 insecticidal molecules are summarized, including 96 nortriterpenes, 4 tetracyclic triterpenes, and 2 pentacyclic triterpenes. Results showed antifeedant activity, growth inhibition activity, poisonous activity, or other activities. Among them, 43 molecules from 15 plant species showed antifeedant activity against 16 insect species, 49 molecules from 14 plant species exhibited poisonous activity on 10 insect species, and 19 molecules from 11 plant species possessed growth regulatory activity on 12 insect species. Among these molecules, azadirachtins were found to be the most successful botanical insecticides. Still, other molecules possessed more than one type of obvious activity, including 7-deacetylgedunin, salannin, gedunin, azadirone, salannol, azadiradione, and methyl angolensate. Most of these molecules are only in the primary stage of study activity; their mechanism of action and structure–activity relationship warrant further study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meihong Lin
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticides and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China;
| | - Sifan Yang
- Organic Agriculture, Wageningen University and Research, 6708 PB Wageningen, Gelderland, The Netherlands;
| | - Jiguang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticides and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China;
- Correspondence: (J.H.); (L.Z.)
| | - Lijuan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticides and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China;
- Correspondence: (J.H.); (L.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
El-Senduny FF, Altouhamy M, Zayed G, Harsha C, Jalaja R, Somappa SB, Nair MS, Kunnumakkara AB, Alsharif FM, Badria FA. Azadiradione-loaded liposomes with improved bioavailability and anticancer efficacy against triple negative breast cancer. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
5
|
Kharwar RN, Sharma VK, Mishra A, Kumar J, Singh DK, Verma SK, Gond SK, Kumar A, Kaushik N, Revuru B, Kusari S. Harnessing the Phytotherapeutic Treasure Troves of the Ancient Medicinal Plant Azadirachta indica (Neem) and Associated Endophytic Microorganisms. PLANTA MEDICA 2020; 86:906-940. [PMID: 32126583 DOI: 10.1055/a-1107-9370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Azadirachta indica, commonly known as neem, is an evergreen tree of the tropics and sub-tropics native to the Indian subcontinent with demonstrated ethnomedicinal value and importance in agriculture as well as in the pharmaceutical industry. This ancient medicinal tree, often called the "wonder tree", is regarded as a chemical factory of diverse and complex compounds with a plethora of structural scaffolds that is very difficult to mimic by chemical synthesis. Such multifaceted chemical diversity leads to a fantastic repertoire of functional traits, encompassing a wide variety of biological activity and unique modes of action against specific and generalist pathogens and pests. Until now, more than 400 compounds have been isolated from different parts of neem including important bioactive secondary metabolites such as azadirachtin, nimbidin, nimbin, nimbolide, gedunin, and many more. In addition to its insecticidal property, the plant is also known for antimicrobial, antimalarial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic, hypoglycaemic, antiulcer, antifertility, anticarcinogenic, hepatoprotective, antioxidant, anxiolytic, molluscicidal, acaricidal, and antifilarial properties. Notwithstanding the chemical and biological virtuosity of neem, it has also been extensively explored for associated microorganisms, especially a class of mutualists called endophytic microorganisms (or endophytes). More than 30 compounds, including neem "mimetic" compounds, have been reported from endophytes harbored in the neem trees in different ecological niches. In this review, we provide an informative and in-depth overview of the topic that can serve as a point of reference for an understanding of the functions and applications of a medicinal plant such as neem, including associated endophytes, within the overall theme of phytopathology. Our review further exemplifies the already-noted current surge of interest in plant and microbial natural products for implications both within the ecological and clinical settings, for a more secure and sustainable future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ravindra N Kharwar
- Mycopathology and Microbial Technology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Vijay K Sharma
- Mycopathology and Microbial Technology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
- Medical School of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, P. R. China
| | - Ashish Mishra
- Mycopathology and Microbial Technology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Jitendra Kumar
- Mycopathology and Microbial Technology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
- Medical School of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, P. R. China
| | - Dheeraj K Singh
- Mycopathology and Microbial Technology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Satish K Verma
- Mycopathology and Microbial Technology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | | | - Anuj Kumar
- Department of Botany, Buddha PG College, Kushinagar, India
| | - Nutan Kaushik
- Amity Food and Agriculture Foundation, Amity University, Noida, India
| | - Bharadwaj Revuru
- Institute of Environmental Research (INFU), Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Souvik Kusari
- Institute of Environmental Research (INFU), Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Guo Y, Fan J, Zhang Q, Bao C, Liu Z, Yang R. Turning natural products into insecticide candidates: Design and semisynthesis of novel fraxinellone-based N-(1,3-thiazol-2-yl)carboxamides against two crop-threatening insect pests. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2019; 29:179-184. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
7
|
Pinkerton DM, Bernhardt PV, Savage GP, Williams CM. Towards the Total Synthesis of Gedunin: Construction of the Fully Elaborated ABC Ring System. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201700013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- David M. Pinkerton
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences University of Queensland St Lucia 4072 Queensland Australia
| | - Paul V. Bernhardt
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences University of Queensland St Lucia 4072 Queensland Australia
| | - G. Paul Savage
- CSIRO Manufacturing Clayton South 3169 Victoria Australia
| | - Craig M. Williams
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences University of Queensland St Lucia 4072 Queensland Australia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Pinkerton DM, Vanden Berg TJ, Bernhardt PV, Williams CM. Gaining Synthetic Appreciation for the Gedunin ABC Ring System. Chemistry 2017; 23:2282-2285. [PMID: 28042894 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201605751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Gedunin, first isolated in 1960, displays a remarkable range of biological activity, but has yet to receive dedicated synthetic attention from a ground up construction perspective. Presented herein is a successfully executed approach to the fully functionalized ABC ring system of this challengingly complex natural product.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David M Pinkerton
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, 4072, Queensland, Australia
| | - Timothy J Vanden Berg
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, 4072, Queensland, Australia
| | - Paul V Bernhardt
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, 4072, Queensland, Australia
| | - Craig M Williams
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, 4072, Queensland, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Guo Y, Wang X, Qu L, Xu S, Zhao Y, Xie R, Huang M, Zhang Y. Design, synthesis, antibacterial and insecticidal activities of novel N-phenylpyrazole fraxinellone hybrid compounds. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra28064a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of 20 novelN-phenylpyrazole fraxinellone hybrid compounds were prepared and evaluated for their antibacterial and insecticidal activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Guo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Zhengzhou University
- Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation
- Zhengzhou
- People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoguang Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Zhengzhou University
- Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation
- Zhengzhou
- People's Republic of China
| | - Lailiang Qu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Zhengzhou University
- Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation
- Zhengzhou
- People's Republic of China
| | - Shengnan Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Zhengzhou University
- Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation
- Zhengzhou
- People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Zhengzhou University
- Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation
- Zhengzhou
- People's Republic of China
| | - Ruoqian Xie
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Zhengzhou University
- Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation
- Zhengzhou
- People's Republic of China
| | - Mengxing Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Zhengzhou University
- Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation
- Zhengzhou
- People's Republic of China
| | - Yanbing Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Zhengzhou University
- Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation
- Zhengzhou
- People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Manosroi A, Kitdamrongtham W, Ishii K, Shinozaki T, Tachi Y, Takagi M, Ebina K, Zhang J, Manosroi J, Akihisa R, Akihisa T. Limonoids from Azadirachta indica var. siamensis extracts and their cytotoxic and melanogenesis-inhibitory activities. Chem Biodivers 2015; 11:505-31. [PMID: 24706622 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201300406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Six new limonoids, 7-benzoyl-17-epinimbocinol (5), 3-acetyl-7-tigloylnimbidinin (8), 1-isovaleroyl-1-detigloylsalanninolide (15), 2,3-dihydro-3α-methoxynimbolide (16), deacetyl-20,21-epoxy-20,22-dihydro-21-deoxyisonimbinolide (26), and deacetyl-20,21,22,23-tetrahydro-20,22-dihydroxy-21,23-dimethoxynimbin (27), along with 28 known limonoids, 1-4, 6, 7, 9-14, 17-25, and 28-34, and two known flavonoids, 35 and 36, have been isolated from the extracts of bark, leaves, roots, and seeds of Azadirachta indica A. Juss. var. siamensis Valeton (Siamese neem tree; Meliaceae). The structures of the new compounds were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis and comparison with literature data. All of these compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxic activities against leukemia (HL60), lung (A549), stomach (AZ521), and breast (SK-BR-3) cancer cell lines. Eleven compounds, 1, 2, 4-7, 13, 16, 17, 29, and 30, exhibited potent cytotoxicities against one or more cell lines with IC50 values in the range of 0.1-9.3 μM. Compound 16 induced apoptotic cell death in AZ521 cells upon evaluation of the apoptosis-inducing activity by flow cytometric analysis. Western blot analysis on AZ521 cells revealed that compound 16 activated caspases-3, -8, and -9, while increasing the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2. This suggested that 16 induced apoptosis via both mitochondrial and death receptor pathways in AZ521. In addition, upon evaluation of all compounds against the melanogenesis in B16 melanoma cells induced with α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH), 20 limonoids, i.e., 1-3, 6, 9-11, 18, 19, 21-29, 32, and 34, and two flavonoids, 35 and 36, exhibited melanogenesis-inhibitory activities, with no, or almost no, toxicities to the cells at lower and/or higher concentrations, which were more potent than the reference arbutin, a known melanogenesis inhibitor. Western blot analysis showed that nimbin (18) reduced the protein levels of microphtalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), tyrosinase, tyrosine-related protein 1 (TRP-1), and TRP-2 mostly in a concentration-dependent manner, indicating that 18 inhibits melanogenesis on a α-MSH-stimulated B16 melanoma cells by, at least in part, inhibiting the expression of MITF, followed by decreasing the expression of tyrosinase, TRP-1, and TRP-2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aranya Manosroi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand, (phone: +66-53-944338; fax: +66-53-894169)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Pan X, Matsumoto M, Nakamura Y, Kikuchi T, Zhang J, Ukiya M, Suzuki T, Koike K, Akihisa R, Akihisa T. Three New and Other Limonoids from the Hexane Extract ofMelia azedarachFruits and Their Cytotoxic Activities. Chem Biodivers 2014; 11:987-1000. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201400052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
12
|
Gupta SC, Francis SK, Nair MS, Mo YY, Aggarwal BB. Azadirone, a limonoid tetranortriterpene, induces death receptors and sensitizes human cancer cells to tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) through a p53 protein-independent mechanism: evidence for the role of the ROS-ERK-CHOP-death receptor pathway. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:32343-32356. [PMID: 24078627 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.455188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Although tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) has shown efficacy in a phase 2 clinical trial, development of resistance to TRAIL by tumor cells is a major roadblock. We investigated whether azadirone, a limonoidal tetranortriterpene, can sensitize human tumor cells to TRAIL. Results indicate that azadirone sensitized cancer cells to TRAIL. The limonoid induced expression of death receptor (DR) 5 and DR4 but did not affect expression of decoy receptors in cancer cells. The induction of DRs was mediated through activation of ERK and through up-regulation of a transcription factor CCAAT enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (CHOP) as silencing of these signaling molecules abrogated the effect of azadirone. These effects of azadirone were cancer cell-specific. The CHOP binding site on the DR5 gene was required for induction of DR5 by azadirone. Up-regulation of DRs was mediated through the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as ROS scavengers reduced the effect of azadirone on ERK activation, CHOP up-regulation, DR induction, and TRAIL sensitization. The induction of DRs by this limonoid was independent of p53, but sensitization to TRAIL was p53-dependent. The limonoid down-regulated the expression of cell survival proteins and up-regulated the proapoptotic proteins. The combination of azadirone with TRAIL was found to be additive at concentrations lower than IC50, whereas at higher concentrations, the combination was synergistic. Overall, this study indicates that azadirone can sensitize cancer cells to TRAIL through ROS-ERK-CHOP-mediated up-regulation of DR5 and DR4 signaling, down-regulation of cell survival proteins, and up-regulation of proapoptotic proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Subash C Gupta
- From the Cytokine Research Laboratory, Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030,; the Cancer Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi 39216
| | - Sajin K Francis
- the Organic Chemistry Section, National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR), Trivandrum, 695 019 Kerala, India
| | - Mangalam S Nair
- the Organic Chemistry Section, National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR), Trivandrum, 695 019 Kerala, India
| | - Yin-Yuan Mo
- the Cancer Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi 39216
| | - Bharat B Aggarwal
- From the Cytokine Research Laboratory, Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030,.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Andirolides Q-V from the flower of andiroba (Carapa guianensis, Meliaceae). Fitoterapia 2013; 90:20-9. [PMID: 23850542 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2013.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2013] [Revised: 06/25/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Two new gedunins, an andirobin, two mexicanolides, and a phragmalin-type limonoid, named Andirolides Q (1), R (2), S (3), T (4), U (5), and V (6), were isolated from an oil of the flower of Carapa guianensis AUBLET (Meliaceae). Their structures have been elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analyses using 1D and 2D NMR spectra and FABMS. Andirolide S (3) and Andirolide T (4) showed significant cytotoxic activity against the murine P388 leukemia cell line (IC₅₀ of 1.4 μM for 3; 1.8 μM for 4) and the human HL-60 leukemia cell line (IC₅₀ of 1.3 μM for 3 and 4).
Collapse
|
14
|
Alam A, Haldar S, Thulasiram HV, Kumar R, Goyal M, Iqbal MS, Pal C, Dey S, Bindu S, Sarkar S, Pal U, Maiti NC, Bandyopadhyay U. Novel anti-inflammatory activity of epoxyazadiradione against macrophage migration inhibitory factor: inhibition of tautomerase and proinflammatory activities of macrophage migration inhibitory factor. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:24844-61. [PMID: 22645149 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.341321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is responsible for proinflammatory reactions in various infectious and non-infectious diseases. We have investigated the mechanism of anti-inflammatory activity of epoxyazadiradione, a limonoid purified from neem (Azadirachta indica) fruits, against MIF. Epoxyazadiradione inhibited the tautomerase activity of MIF of both human (huMIF) and malaria parasites (Plasmodium falciparum (PfMIF) and Plasmodium yoelii (PyMIF)) non-competitively in a reversible fashion (K(i), 2.11-5.23 μm). Epoxyazadiradione also significantly inhibited MIF (huMIF, PyMIF, and PfMIF)-mediated proinflammatory activities in RAW 264.7 cells. It prevented MIF-induced macrophage chemotactic migration, NF-κB translocation to the nucleus, up-regulation of inducible nitric-oxide synthase, and nitric oxide production in RAW 264.7 cells. Epoxyazadiradione not only exhibited anti-inflammatory activity in vitro but also in vivo. We tested the anti-inflammatory activity of epoxyazadiradione in vivo after co-administering LPS and MIF in mice to mimic the disease state of sepsis or bacterial infection. Epoxyazadiradione prevented the release of proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α when LPS and PyMIF were co-administered to BALB/c mice. The molecular basis of interaction of epoxyazadiradione with MIFs was explored with the help of computational chemistry tools and a biological knowledgebase. Docking simulation indicated that the binding was highly specific and allosteric in nature. The well known MIF inhibitor (S,R)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-5-isoxazole acetic acid methyl ester (ISO-1) inhibited huMIF but not MIF of parasitic origin. In contrast, epoxyazadiradione inhibited both huMIF and plasmodial MIF, thus bearing an immense therapeutic potential against proinflammatory reactions induced by MIF of both malaria parasites and human.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Athar Alam
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Liu JQ, Wang CF, Li Y, Chen JC, Zhou L, Qiu MH. Limonoids from the leaves of Toona ciliata var. yunnanensis. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2012; 76:141-149. [PMID: 22277739 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2012.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2011] [Revised: 11/09/2011] [Accepted: 01/03/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Twelve limonoids, toonayunnanins A-L (1-12) and eleven known compounds (13-23) were isolated from the leaves of Toona ciliata var. yunnanensis, and their structures were elucidated by means of extensive spectroscopic analyses, particularly 1D and 2D NMR techniques. The inhibitory effects of all the isolated compounds were evaluated on human tumor cell lines, such as HL-60, SMMC-7721, A-549, MCF-7 and SW480. Cedrelone (13) and dysobinin (18) showed significant cytotoxicity, and toonayunnanin B (2) and epoxyazadiradione (14), were found to be slightly cytotoxic against the above cell lines. Furthermore, this study provides valuable information for the chemotaxonomy of T. ciliata varieties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie-Qing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Photochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, PR China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Affiliation(s)
- Qin-Gang Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650204, P.R.China
- Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541004, P.R.China
| | - Xiao-Dong Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650204, P.R.China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Deng Y, Chin YW, Chai HB, de Blanco EC, Kardono LBS, Riswan S, Soejarto DD, Farnsworth NR, Kinghorn AD. Phytochemical and Bioactivity Studies on Constituents of the Leaves of Vitex Quinata. PHYTOCHEMISTRY LETTERS 2011; 4:213-217. [PMID: 21966342 PMCID: PMC3182149 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytol.2011.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A phytochemical investigation of the leaves of Vitex quinata (Lour.) F.N. Williams (Verbenaceae), guided by the MCF-7 human breast cancer cell line, led to the isolation of a new δ-truxinate derivative (1) and a new phytonoic acid derivative (2), together with 12 known compounds. The structures of the new compounds were determined by spectroscopic methods as dimethyl 3,4,3',4'-tetrahydroxy-δ-truxinate (1) and methyl 10R-methoxy-12-oxo-9(13),16E-phytodienoate (2), respectively. In a cytotoxicity assay, (S)-5-hydroxy-7,4'-dimethoxyflavanone (3) was found to be the sole active principle, with ED(50) values of 1.1-6.7 μM, respectively, when tested against a panel of three human cancer cells. Methyl 3,4,5-O-tricaffeoyl quinate (4) showed activity in an enzyme-based ELISA NF-κB p65 assay, with an ED(50) value of 10.3 μM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ye Deng
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Young-Won Chin
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Hee-Byung Chai
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Esperanza Carcache de Blanco
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Division of Pharmacy Practice and Administration, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Leonardus B. S. Kardono
- Research and Development Chemistry, Indonesian Institute of Science, Serpong, 15310 Tangerang, Indonesia
| | - Soedarsano Riswan
- Herbarium Bogoriense, Research Center for Biology, Indonesian Institute of Science, 16122 Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Djaja D. Soejarto
- College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | | | - A. Douglas Kinghorn
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Chianese G, Yerbanga SR, Lucantoni L, Habluetzel A, Basilico N, Taramelli D, Fattorusso E, Taglialatela-Scafati O. Antiplasmodial triterpenoids from the fruits of neem, Azadirachta indica. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2010; 73:1448-52. [PMID: 20669933 DOI: 10.1021/np100325q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Eight known and two new triterpenoid derivatives, neemfruitins A (9) and B (10), have been isolated from the fruits of neem, Azadirachta indica, a traditional antimalarial plant used by Asian and African populations. In vitro antiplasmodial tests evidenced a significant activity of the known gedunin and azadirone and the new neemfruitin A and provided useful information about the structure-antimalarial activity relationships in the limonoid class.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Chianese
- Dipartimento di Chimica delle Sostanze Naturali, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano, 49, I-80131, Napoli, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Zhao L, Huo CH, Shen LR, Yang Y, Zhang Q, Shi QW. Chemical constituents of plants from the genus Melia. Chem Biodivers 2010; 7:839-59. [PMID: 20397220 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.200900043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhao
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei Medical University, 361 Zhongshan East Road, 050017 Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, P. R. China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
|
21
|
Gurulingappa H, Tare V, Pawar P, Tungikar V, Jorapur Y, Madhavi S, Bhat S. Susceptibility ofAedes aegyptiandCulex quinquefasciatusLarvae to Gedunin-Related Limonoids. Chem Biodivers 2009; 6:897-902. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.200800105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
22
|
Pan L, Chin YW, Chai HB, Ninh TN, Soejarto DD, Kinghorn AD. Bioactivity-guided isolation of cytotoxic constituents of Brucea javanica collected in Vietnam. Bioorg Med Chem 2009; 17:2219-24. [PMID: 19026551 PMCID: PMC2683946 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2008.10.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2008] [Revised: 06/04/2008] [Accepted: 10/31/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Five new triterpenoids (1-5), together with two known quassinoids, bruceantin (6) and bruceine A (7), and a known flavonolignan, (-)-hydnocarpin (8), were isolated from the chloroform-soluble subfraction of a methanol extract of the combined twigs, leaves, and inflorescence of Brucea javanica collected in Vietnam. The structures of the new compounds 1-5 were established on the basis of spectroscopic methods. All isolates were evaluated for cytotoxicity against a small panel of human cancer cell lines. Quassinoids 6 and 7 were found to be highly active against these cell lines. (-)-Hydnocarpin (8) showed a potentiating effect when combined with both 6 and 7, during cytotoxicity testing using the MCF-7 human breast cancer cell line.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Pan
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, 500 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Abstract
Studies on the chemical constituents of the flowers of Azadirachta indica have led to the isolation of one new flavanone named as azharone (5,7,4'-trihydroxy-3'-(3''-methyl-2'',3''-epoxybutyl)flavan-4-one (3)) along with two known constituents azadirone (1), and isoazadironolide (2). Their structures have been elucidated through spectral studies including 2D-NMR (COSY-45, NOESY, J-resolved, HMQC, HMBC) experiments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bina S Siddiqui
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Centre for Chemical Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Siddiqui BS, Afshan F, Gulzar T. A new tetracyclic triterpenoid from the leaves of Azadirachta indica. Nat Prod Res 2007; 20:1036-40. [PMID: 17127654 DOI: 10.1080/14786410500183985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A new tetracyclic triterpenoid zeeshanol [25,26,27-trinor-apotirucalla-(apoeupha)-6alpha-, 21-dihydroxy, 7alpha-acetoxy, 1,14,22-tri-en-3, 16-dione] (1) along with a known constituent desfurano-6alpha-hydroxyazadiradione (2) have been isolated from the methanolic extract of the leaves of Azadirachta indica. The structure and the relative configurations of 1 were determined by the spectroscopic method (1H- and 13C-NMR, IR, and MS) and 2D-NMR experiments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bina S Siddiqui
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Centre for Chemical Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Siddiqui BS, Afshan F, Gulzar T, Hanif M. Tetracyclic triterpenoids from the leaves of Azadirachta indica. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2004; 65:2363-2367. [PMID: 15381008 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2004.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 03/30/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Two new tetracyclic triterpenoids zafaral [24,25,26,27-tetranorapotirucalla-(apoeupha)-6alpha-methoxy-7alpha-acetoxy-1,14-dien-3,16-dione-21-al] (1) and meliacinanhydride [24,25,26,27-tetranorapotirucalla-(apoeupha)-6alpha-hydroxy,11alpha-methoxy-7alpha,12alpha-diacetoxy,1,14,20(22)-trien-3-one] (2) have been isolated from the methanolic extract of neem leaves along with two known constituents nimocinol and isomeldenin. Their structures and the relative configurations were determined by spectroscopic methods ((1)H and (13)C NMR, IR, and MS) and 2D NMR experiments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bina S Siddiqui
- International Center for Chemical Sciences, H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Nanduri S, Thunuguntla SSR, Nyavanandi VK, Kasu S, Kumar PM, Ram PS, Rajagopal S, Kumar RA, Deevi DS, Rajagopalan R, Venkateswarlu A. Biological investigation and structure-activity relationship studies on azadirone from Azadirachta indica A. Juss. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2004; 13:4111-5. [PMID: 14592518 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2003.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Azadirone 1, a limonoidal constituent of Azadirachta indica is found to possess potent cytotoxic activity against a panel of human cancer cell lines in our in vitro studies. In vitro screening of a number of semi-synthetic analogues of 1 revealed that the alpha,beta-unsaturated enone moiety or its equivalent conjugated system in A-ring, C-7 acetyloxy/chloroacetyloxy or keto group in B-ring and the furan moiety are responsible for the activity of 1 and its analogues. Compound 1 and two of the semi-synthetic analogues 10 and 13 were found to possess good in vivo antitumor activity in modified hollow fiber animal models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Srinivas Nanduri
- Discovery Chemistry, Dr. Reddy's Laboratories Ltd., Discovery Research, Bollaram Road, Miyapur, Hyderabad 500 050, India.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Siddiqui BS, Afshan F, Gulzar T, Sultana R, Naqvi SNH, Tariq RM. Tetracyclic triterpenoids from the leaves of Azadirachta indica and their insecticidal activities. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2003; 51:415-7. [PMID: 12672995 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.51.415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A new tetranortriterpenoid, meliatetraolenone [24,25,26,27-tetranor-apotirucalla-(apoeupha)-6alpha-O-methyl, 7alpha-senecioyl(7-deacetyl)-11alpha,12alpha,21,23-tetrahydroxy-21,23-epoxy-2,14,20(22)-trien-1,16-dione] (1) was isolated from the methanolic extract of fresh leaves of Azadirachta indica along with the known compound odoratone (3) which was hitherto unreported from this source. Their structures have been elucidated by spectral studies including 2D NMR. The insecticidal activities of 1 as well as those of odoratone (3) are reported. 1 and odoratone both showed mortality on fourth instar larvae of mosquitoes (Anopheles stephensi) with LC(50) values of 16 and 154 ppm, respectively.
Collapse
|
28
|
Carpinella C, Ferrayoli C, Valladares G, Defago M, Palacios S. Potent limonoid insect antifeedant from Melia azedarach. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2002; 66:1731-6. [PMID: 12353636 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.66.1731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Systematic fractionation of a fruit extract from Argentine Melia azedarach L., which was monitored by an insect antifeedant bioassay, led to the isolation of meliartenin, a limonoid antifeedant, which existed as a mixture of two interchangeable isomers. At 4 microg/cm2 and 1 microg/cm2, the isomeric mixture was as active as azadirachtin in strongly inhibiting the larval feeding of Epilachna paenulata Germ. (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) and the polyphagous pest, Spodoptera eridania (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), respectively.
Collapse
|
29
|
Three novel tetracyclic triterpenoids of biogenetic interest from the leaves of Azadirachta indica. Tetrahedron 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(01)01027-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
30
|
Siddiqui BS, Rasheed M, Ghiasuddin, Faizi S, Naqvi S, Tariq R. Biologically Active Triterpenoids of Biogenetic Interest from the Fresh Fruit Coats of Azadirachta indica. Tetrahedron 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(00)00244-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
31
|
Siddiqui BS, Afshan F, Faizi S, Naqvi SN, Tariq RM. Two insecticidal tetranortriterpenoids from Azadirachta indica. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2000; 53:371-376. [PMID: 10703059 DOI: 10.1016/s0031-9422(99)00548-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Two new triterpenoids, 6 alpha-O-acetyl-7-deacetylnimocinol [24,25,26,27-tetra-norapotirucalla-(apoeupha)-6 alpha-acetoxy-7 alpha-hydroxy-1,14,20,22-tetraen-21,23-epoxy-3-one] (1) and meliacinol [24,25,26,27-tetranorapotirucalla-(apoeupha)-1 alpha-trimethylacryloxy-21,23-6 alpha,28-diepoxy-16-oxo-17-oxa-14,20,22-trien-3 alpha,7 alpha-diol] (2) were isolated from the methanolic extract of the fresh leaves of Azadirachta indica (neem). Their structures have been elucidated through spectral studies, including 2D-NMR (COSY-45, NOESY, HMQC and HMBC). The bioactivity of these as well as of nimocinol, reported earlier from the same source, is reported. The first compound and nimocinol showed toxicity on fourth instar larvae of mosquitoes (Aedes aegypti) with LC50 values of 21 and 83 ppm, respectively. The second compound had no effect upto 100 ppm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B S Siddiqui
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Pakistan.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Affiliation(s)
- A Akhila
- Phytochemical Technology Division, Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Azadirachta indica A. Juss. (Neem Tree): In Vitro Culture, Micropropagation, and the Production of Azadirachtin and Other Secondary Metabolites. MEDICINAL AND AROMATIC PLANTS XI 1999. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-662-08614-8_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
34
|
Cohen E, Quistad GB, Casida JE. Cytotoxicity of nimbolide, epoxyazadiradione and other limonoids from neem insecticide. Life Sci 1996; 58:1075-81. [PMID: 8622560 DOI: 10.1016/0024-3205(96)00061-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Neem seed preparations contain not only azadirachtin as the active insect antifeedant or growth regulator but also a variety of their limonoids, some of which are cytotoxic to N1E-115 neuroblastoma (mouse), 143B.TK- osteosarcoma (human) and Sf9 (insect) cultured cell lines. The most potent of these limonoids is nimbolide with an IC50 ranging from 4 to 10 microM, and averaging 6 microM for the three cell lines. Other limonoids of decreasing potency and their average IC50 values (microM) are epoxyazadiradione 27 microM, salannin 112 microM, and nimbin, deacetylnimbin and azadirachtin each >200 microM (practically nontoxic). Nimbolide at 10 microM acts rapidly in the neuroblastoma cells to induce blebbing associated with disruption of plasma membranes almost instantaneously and 50% loss of cell viability with 30 min. At 5 microM nimbolide, the cells become elongated and assume a neuronal shape accompanied by spikes and lamellipodia within 1-2 hr followed shortly thereafter by extensive cytological changes and and vacuolization associated with irreversible processess leading to cell death. Calcium is apparently not involved the cytotoxic effect since a calcium-free medium, leading to profound morpholigical changes, does not alter the sensitivity to nimbolide. In contrast, epoxyazadiradione requires higher concentrations and a few hr for 50 % viability loss without major morphological changes, indicating a difference in mode of action for nimbolide and epoxyazadiradione. and epoxyazadiradione.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Cohen
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley 94720-3112, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Upadhyay SN, Kaushic C, Talwar GP. Antifertility effects of neem (Azadirachta indica) oil by single intrauterine administration: a novel method for contraception. Proc Biol Sci 1990; 242:175-9. [PMID: 1983033 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.1990.0121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel use of neem (Azadirachta indica) oil, a traditional plant product, for long-term and reversible blocking of fertility after a single intrauterine application is described. Female Wistar rats of proven fertility were given a single dose (100 microliters) of neem oil by intrauterine route; control animals received the same volume of peanut oil. Whereas all control animals became pregnant and delivered normal litters, the rats treated with neem oil remained infertile for variable periods ranging from 107 to 180 days even after repeated matings with males of proven fertility. The block in fertility was, however, reversible as half of the animals regained fertility and delivered normal litters by five months after treatment, without any apparent teratogenic effects. Unilateral administration of neem oil in the uterus blocked pregnancy only on the side of application whereas the contralateral uterine horn treated with peanut oil had normally developing foetuses; no sign of implantation or foetal resorption was noted in the neem-oil-treated horn. The ovaries on both sides had 4-6 corpora lutea indicating no effect of treatment on ovarian functions. The animals treated with neem oil showed a significant leukocytic infiltration in the uterine epithelium between days 3 and 5 post coitum, i.e. during the pre-implantation period. Intrauterine application of neem oil appears to induce a pre-implantation block in fertility; the possible mechanisms of the antifertility action are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S N Upadhyay
- National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Lee SM, Klocke JA. Combined Florisil, Droplet Counter-Current, and High Performance Liquid Chromatographies for the Preparative Isolation and Purification of Azadirachtin from Neem (Azadirachta Indica) Seeds. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1987. [DOI: 10.1080/01483918708066759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
37
|
Isolation and purification of azadirachtin from neem (Azadirachta indica) seeds using flash chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 1986. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(00)91483-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
38
|
|
39
|
Madhusudanan KP, Saikia B, Goswami BN, Mathur RK. Electron impact mass spectra of meliacins. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1982. [DOI: 10.1002/oms.1210171209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
40
|
Kraus W, Grimminger W. Toonafolin, ein neues Tetranortriterpenoid-B-lacton ausToona ciliata M. J.Roem. var.australis (Meliaceae). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1981. [DOI: 10.1002/jlac.198119811011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
41
|
Kraus W, Cramer R. 17-EPI-azadiradion uno 17-β-hydroxy-azadiradion, zwei neue inhaltsstoffe aus azadirachta indica A. Juss. Tetrahedron Lett 1978. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(01)94783-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
42
|
|
43
|
Lavie D, Levy E, Zelnik R. The constituents of Carapa guianensis Aubl. and their biogenetic relationship. Bioorg Chem 1972. [DOI: 10.1016/0045-2068(73)90007-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
44
|
|