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Beta-emitting radionuclides in wild mushrooms and potential radiotoxicity for their consumers. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Manigandan PK, Chandar Shekar B. Soil depth profiles and radiological assessment of natural radionuclides in forest ecosystem. RADIOCHIM ACTA 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/ract-2016-2662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
We measured the distribution of three naturally occurring radionuclides, 238U, 232Th, and 40K, in soil samples collected from a rainforest in the Western Ghats of India. For each surface sample, we calculated average activity concentration, outdoor terrestrial γ dose rate, annual effective dose equivalent (AEDE), and radiation hazard index. The activity concentrations of surface samples were randomly distributed over space, but differed slightly with different soil depths. The concentration of 232Th and the average terrestrial γ dose rates were slightly higher than the world averages, so slightly high γ radiation appears to be a general characteristic of the Western Ghats. However, all radiological hazard indices were within the limits proposed by the International Commission on Radiological Protection. The results reported here indicate that, except for 232Th, the naturally occurring radionuclides in the forest soils of the Western Ghats were within the ranges specified by United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation for undisturbed virgin soils.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - B. Chandar Shekar
- Kongunadu Arts and Science College (Bharathiar University) , Coimbatore , India
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García MA, Alonso J, Melgar MJ. Radiocaesium activity concentrations in macrofungi from Galicia (NW Spain): Influence of environmental and genetic factors. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2015; 115:152-158. [PMID: 25700093 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Revised: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Radiocaesium ((137)Cs) is an artificial radionuclide that can be captured from the soil through the mycelium of fungi. However, in Spain there are few data on its presence in edible mushrooms. (137)Cs activity concentrations were determined using 54 samples of wild and cultivated mushrooms and 18 samples of soil, all of them collected in Galicia (NW Spain) during 2010. Samples were analyzed by gamma spectroscopy with a High-Purity Germanium (HPGe) detector. The average activity concentration of (137)Cs in wild mushrooms was 249.2Bqkg(-1) dry weight (dw) and about 24.9Bqkg(-1) fresh weight (fw). Genetic factors (species) influenced the uptake of (137)Cs, highlighting Hydnum repandum as the greatest accumulator of all wild species (1016.4Bqkg(-1) dw), while cultivated species showed much lower levels (1.6Bqkg(-1) fw). Accumulation was also favored by fungal mycorrhizal ecology, whose mycelium was distributed in contaminated soil horizons. The mean levels detected in soils were 14Bqkg(-1) fw. Although some species behaved as bioexclusors of radiocaesium, the transfer factors (TF) suggest that mushrooms preferentially bioaccumulate (137)Cs. No sample reached the limit of 600Bqkg(-1) fw (about 6000Bqkg(-1) dw) indicated in the European legislation. In conclusion, the consumption of mushrooms harvested from the investigated areas poses no toxicological risk to human health due to radiocaesium.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A García
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Science. University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - J Alonso
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Science. University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain; Centro Tecnológico Agroalimentario de Lugo (CETAL), 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - M J Melgar
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Science. University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain.
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Wróbel Ł, Dołhańczuk-Śródka A, Kłos A, Ziembik Z. The activity concentration of post-Chernobyl ¹³⁷Cs in the area of the Opole Anomaly (southern Poland). ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2015; 187:4084. [PMID: 25389020 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-014-4084-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
During the years 2007 and 2010, the activity concentration of (137)Cs accumulated in soil, mosses Pleurozium schreberi and lichens Hypogymnia physodes was measured. The studies covered the areas of the so-called Opole Anomaly. In consequence of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant breakdown in 1986, relatively large amounts of this radionuclide were deposited in this area. In some areas of the Anomaly, over 100 times higher surface activity of (137)Cs was detected, compared to the lowest values registered in Poland. Currently, (137)Cs is still present in woodlands and wastelands. As at 2 April 2013, the surface activity concentration of (137)Cs in soil on the tested area was from 0.34 to 67.5 kBq m(-2). In comparison, the surface activity concentration of (137)Cs as at 1 June 1986, soon after deposition, was from 2.08 to over 125 kBq m(-2). The maximum specific activity concentrations of (137)Cs in mosses and lichens sampled for testing in 2010 were respectively 1234 and 959 Bq kg(-1). It was also proven that the changes in activity concentration of (137)Cs in the area of the Anomaly are mainly the consequence of the radioactive decay of this radionuclide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Wróbel
- Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, Opole University, ul. kard. B. Kominka 6, 45-035, Opole, Poland,
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Radioactivity in mushrooms: A health hazard? Food Chem 2014; 154:14-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.12.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Revised: 11/20/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Vinichuk M, Rosén K, Johanson KJ, Dahlberg A. Correlations between potassium, rubidium and cesium ((133)Cs and (137)Cs) in sporocarps of Suillus variegatus in a Swedish boreal forest. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2011; 102:386-392. [PMID: 21388727 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2011.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2010] [Revised: 02/01/2011] [Accepted: 02/13/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
An analysis of sporocarps of ectomycorrhizal fungi Suillus variegatus assessed whether cesium ((133)Cs and (137)Cs) uptake was correlated with potassium (K) or rubidium (Rb) uptake. The question was whether intraspecific correlations of Rb, K and (133)Cs mass concentrations with (137)Cs activity concentrations in sporocarps were higher within, rather than among, different fungal species, and if genotypic origin of sporocarps within a population affected uptake and correlation. Sporocarps (n = 51) from a Swedish forest population affected by the fallout after the Chernobyl accident were studied. The concentrations were 31.9 ± 6.79 g kg(-1) for K (mean ± SD, dwt), 0.40 ± 0.09 g kg(-1) for Rb, 8.7 ± 4.36 mg kg(-1) for (133)Cs and 63.7 ± 24.2 kBq kg(-1) for (137)Cs. The mass concentrations of (133)Cs correlated with (137)Cs activity concentrations (r = 0.61). There was correlation between both (133)Cs concentrations (r = 0.75) and (137)Cs activity concentrations (r = 0.44) and Rb, but the (137)Cs/(133)Cs isotopic ratio negatively correlated with Rb concentration. Concentrations of K and Rb were weakly correlated (r = 0.51). The (133)Cs mass concentrations, (137)Cs activity concentrations and (137)Cs/(133)Cs isotopic ratios did not correlate with K concentrations. No differences between, within or, among genotypes in S. variegatus were found. This suggested the relationships between K, Rb, (133)Cs and (137)Cs in sporocarps of S. variegatus is similar to other fungal species.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Vinichuk
- Department of Soil and Environment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7014, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden.
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137Cs, 40K, alkali–alkaline earth element and heavy metal concentrations in wild mushrooms from Turkey. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-010-0575-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Gursoy N, Sarikurkcu C, Cengiz M, Solak MH. Antioxidant activities, metal contents, total phenolics and flavonoids of seven Morchella species. Food Chem Toxicol 2009; 47:2381-8. [PMID: 19563856 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2009.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2009] [Revised: 06/08/2009] [Accepted: 06/22/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Seven Morchella species were analyzed for their antioxidant activities in different test systems namely beta-carotene/linoleic acid, DPPH, reducing power, chelating effect and scavenging effect (%) on the stable ABTS*(+), in addition to their heavy metals, total phenolic and flavonoid contents. In beta-carotene/linoleic acid system, the most active mushrooms were M. esculenta var. umbrina and M.angusticeps. In the case of DPPH, methanol extract of M. conica showed high antioxidant activity. The reducing power of the methanol extracts of mushrooms increased with concentration. Chelating capacity of the extracts was also increased with the concentration. On the other hand, in 40 microg ml(-1) concentration, methanol extract of M. conica, exhibited the highest radical scavenging activity (78.66+/-2.07%) when reacted with the ABTS*(+) radical. Amounts of seven elements (Cu, Mn, Co, Zn, Fe, Ca, and Mg) and five heavy metals (Ni, Pb, Cd, Cr, and Al) were also determined in all species. M. conica was found to have the highest phenolic content among the samples. Flavonoid content of M. rotunda was also found superior (0.59+/-0.01 microg QEs/mg extract).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nevcihan Gursoy
- Cumhuriyet University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Food Engineering, Sivas, Turkey.
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Cevik U, Celik N, Celik A, Damla N, Coskuncelebi K. Radioactivity and heavy metal levels in hazelnut growing in the Eastern Black Sea Region of Turkey. Food Chem Toxicol 2009; 47:2351-5. [PMID: 19549551 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2009.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2009] [Revised: 05/31/2009] [Accepted: 06/17/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The Eastern Black Sea Region of Turkey is one of the main hazelnut producers in Turkey and in the world. Since this region was contaminated by the Chernobyl accident in 1986, a comprehensive study was planned and carried out to determine the radioactivity level in hazelnut growing region. The dose due to consumption of hazelnut by the public was estimated and it was shown that this dose imposes no threat to human health. In addition, heavy metal analysis was performed in the samples and the amount of Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Pb were also detected. The results showed that the concentrations of heavy metal are below the daily intake recommended by the international organizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Cevik
- Department of Physics, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey.
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Karadeniz Ö, Yaprak G. Geographical and vertical distribution of radiocesium levels in coniferous forest soils in Izmir. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-007-7132-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Mukhopadhyay B, Nag M, Laskar S, Lahiri S. Accumulation of radiocesium by Pleurotus citrinopileatus species of edible mushroom. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-007-6875-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Karadeniz O, Yaprak G. Dynamic equilibrium of radiocesium with stable cesium within the soil-mushroom system in Turkish pine forest. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2007; 148:316-24. [PMID: 17258362 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2006.10.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2005] [Revised: 10/06/2006] [Accepted: 10/07/2006] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Mushrooms and soils collected from pine forests in Izmir, Turkey were measured for radiocesium and stable Cs in 2002. The ranges of (137)Cs and stable Cs concentrations in mushrooms were 9.84+/-1.67 to 401+/-3.85Bqkg(-1) dry weight and 0.040+/-0.004 to 11.3+/-1.09mgkg(-1) dry weight, respectively. The concentrations of (137)Cs and stable Cs in soils were 0.29+/-0.18 to 161+/-1.12Bqkg(-1) dry weight and 0.14+/-0.004 to 1.44+/-0.045mgkg(-1) dry weight, respectively. Even though different species were included, the concentration ratios of (137)Cs to stable Cs were fairly constant for samples collected at the same forest site, and were in the same order of magnitude as the (137)Cs to stable Cs ratios for the organic soil layers. The soil-to-mushroom transfer factors of (137)Cs and stable Cs were in the range of 0.19-3.15 and 0.17-12.3, respectively. The transfer factors of (137)Cs were significantly correlated to those of stable Cs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozlem Karadeniz
- Physics Department, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Dokuz Eylül University, Tinaztepe, Izmir, Turkey.
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Gaso MI, Segovia N, Morton O, Lopez JL, Machuca A, Hernandez E. Radioactive and stable metal bioaccumulation, crystalline compound and siderophore detection in Clavariadelphus truncatus. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2007; 97:57-69. [PMID: 17466420 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2007.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2006] [Revised: 03/05/2007] [Accepted: 03/05/2007] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
137Cs and 40K activity concentrations and stable elements have been measured in Clavariadelphus truncatus collected in Mexico. Iron-chelating compounds of siderophore-type was also studied in the species. 137Cs and 40K were determined in soil and mushroom samples with HpGe gamma-ray spectrometry. Macro- and micro-elemental concentrations were determined by XRF and ICP-MS. Siderophore detection was obtained with a colorimetric assay and X-ray diffraction analysis was performed using a Siemens D5000 diffractometer. 137Cs geometric mean concentration in C. truncatus was 26 times higher as compared with other Mexican edible mushroom species, while 40K showed stability. Soil-C. truncatus concentration ratio for 137Cs and other micro-elements such as Cs, Rb and Pb were also higher than other Mexican edible species. The 137Cs committed effective dose due to the ingestion of C. truncatus was 8 x 10(-6) Sv year(-1). The main crystalline structure found in C. truncatus was D-Mannitol.
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Affiliation(s)
- M I Gaso
- ININ, Ap. Post. 18-1027, C.P. 11801, México D.F., Mexico.
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Yamaç M, Yıldız D, Sarıkürkcü C, Çelikkollu M, Solak MH. Heavy metals in some edible mushrooms from the Central Anatolia, Turkey. Food Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2006.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Radionuclides content in Xerocomus badius and other commercial mushrooms from several regions of Poland. Food Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2005.02.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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