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Haque KS, Islam MS, Ahmed S, Rahman MZ, Hemy DH, Islam MT, Hossain MK, Uddin MR, Md Towfiqul Islam AR, Mia MY, Ismail Z, Al Bakky A, Ibrahim KA, Idris AM. WITHDRAWN: Trace metals translocation from soil to plants: Health risk assessment via consumption of vegetables in the urban sprawl of a developing country. Food Chem Toxicol 2024:114580. [PMID: 38467293 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2024.114580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
This article has been withdrawn at the request of the author(s) and/or editor. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. The full Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at https://www.elsevier.com/about/policies/article-withdrawal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Km Shamsul Haque
- School of Agricultural Environmental and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga, NSW, 2650, Australia
| | - Md Saiful Islam
- Department of Soil Science, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Dumki, Patuakhali, 8602, Bangladesh
| | - Sujat Ahmed
- Environment, Center for People & Environ (CPE), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Zillur Rahman
- Department of Agronomy and Haor Agriculture, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, 3100, Bangladesh; School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Sydney Institute of Agriculture, Faculty of Science, The 13 University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Debolina Halder Hemy
- Department of Soil Science, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Dumki, Patuakhali, 8602, Bangladesh
| | - Md Towhidul Islam
- Department of Soil Science, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Dumki, Patuakhali, 8602, Bangladesh
| | - Md Kamal Hossain
- Department of Soil Science, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Dumki, Patuakhali, 8602, Bangladesh
| | - Md Rafiq Uddin
- Department of Soil Science, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Dumki, Patuakhali, 8602, Bangladesh
| | - Abu Reza Md Towfiqul Islam
- Department of Disaster Management, Begum Bekeya University, Rangpur, 5400, Bangladesh; Department of Development Studies, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, 1216, Bangladesh
| | - Md Yousuf Mia
- Department of Disaster Management, Begum Bekeya University, Rangpur, 5400, Bangladesh
| | - Zulhilmi Ismail
- Centre for River and Coastal Engineering (CRCE), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81310, Johor Bahru, Malaysia; Department of Water & Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81310, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Abdullah Al Bakky
- Agricultural wing, Bangladesh Jute Research Institute, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Khalid A Ibrahim
- Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, 62529, Saudi Arabia; Center for Environment and Tourism Studies and Research, King Khalid University, Abha, 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abubakr M Idris
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, 62529, Saudi Arabia
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Siddiqui SA, Fernando I, Nisa' K, Shah MA, Rahayu T, Rasool A, Aidoo OF. Effects of undesired substances and their bioaccumulation on the black soldier fly larvae, Hermetia illucens (Diptera: Stratiomyidae)-a literature review. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:823. [PMID: 37291225 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11186-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Black soldier fly (BSF), Hermetia illucens (L.) (Diptera: Stratiomyidae), is predominantly reared on organic wastes and other unused complementary substrates. However, BSF may have a buildup of undesired substances in their body. The contamination of undesired substance, e.g., heavy metals, mycotoxins, and pesticides, in BSF mainly occurred during the feeding process in the larval stage. Yet, the pattern of accumulated contaminants in the bodies of BSF larvae (BSFL) is varied distinctively depending on the diets as well as the contaminant types and concentrations. Heavy metals, including cadmium, copper, arsenic, and lead, were reported to have accumulated in BSFL. In most cases, the cadmium, arsenic, and lead concentration in BSFL exceeded the recommended standard for heavy metals occurring in feed and food. Following the results concerning the accumulation of the undesired substance in BSFL's body, they did not affect the biological parameters of BSFL, unless the amounts of heavy metals in their diets are highly exceeding their thresholds. Meanwhile, a study on the fate of pesticides and mycotoxins in BSFL indicates that no bioaccumulation was detected for any of the target substances. In addition, dioxins, PCBs, PAHs, and pharmaceuticals did not accumulate in BSFL in the few existing studies. However, future studies are needed to assess the long-term effects of the aforementioned undesired substances on the demographic traits of BSF and to develop appropriate waste management technology. Since the end products of BSFL that are contaminated pose a threat to both human and animal health, their nutrition and production process must be well managed to create end products with a low contamination level to achieve a closed food cycle of BSF as animal feed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahida Anusha Siddiqui
- Technical University of Munich Campus Straubing for Biotechnology and Sustainability, Essigberg 3, 94315, Straubing, Germany.
- German Institute of Food Technologies (DIL e.V.), Prof.-von-Klitzing Str. 7, 49610, D-Quakenbrück, Germany.
| | - Ito Fernando
- Department of Plant Pests and Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Brawijaya, Jl. Veteran, Malang, East Java, 65145, Indonesia
| | - Khoirun Nisa'
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Sepuluh Nopember Institute of Technology, Sukolilo, Surabaya, East Java, 60111, Indonesia
| | - Mohd Asif Shah
- Woxsen University, Kamkole, Sadasivpet, Hyderabad, Telangana, 502345, India
- Division of Research and Development, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Teguh Rahayu
- CV HermetiaTech, Voza Premium Office 20th Floor, Jl. HR. Muhammad No. 31A, Putat Gede, Surabaya, 60189, Jawa Timur, Indonesia
| | - Adil Rasool
- Department of Management, Bakhtar University, Kabul, Afghanistan.
| | - Owusu Fordjour Aidoo
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Environment and Sustainable Development, PMB, 00233, Somanya, Ghana
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Aziz I, Noreen Z, Ijaz UZ, Gundogdu O, Hamid MH, Muhammad N, Khan A, Bokhari H. A prospective study on linking diarrheagenic E. coli with stunted childhood growth in relation to gut microbiome. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6802. [PMID: 37185286 PMCID: PMC10133260 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32491-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Stunted growth is an emerging global challenge affecting children under the age of 5 years in low- and middle-income countries. Despite such a high global prevalence of stunting, the mechanism of pathogenesis and the role of associated gut microbiota is poorly understood. The present study was designed to investigate the association of pathogenic strains of E. coli with the residential gut microbiota of stunted growth children. A total of 64 stool sample were collected from children aged ≤ 5 years, and were processed for isolation and molecular characterization of diarrheagenic E. coli. Selected stool samples (n = 39 including three normal controls) were then analysed for microbial community profiling using 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequencing. Furthermore, associations between changes in the microbiota in the presence of different E. coli strains was explored. Pathotyping of the isolated E. coli (n = 64) has shown that 39.68% belonged to one of the five pathotypes of E. coli whilst the remaining ones were non-typeable. Amongst the different pathotypes, EPEC was found to be the most prevalent (52%; n = 13), followed by EAEC (20%; n = 5), EIEC (12%; n = 3), EHEC (8%; n = 2) and ETEC 2 (8%; n = 2). Phylogrouping analysis has shown that majority of the strains belonged to B2 (28.12%). Microbial diversity is shown to be significant and varied when the samples are organized under the recovered phylogroups. Moreover, based on predictive metabolism, the colonization of these strains were found to be significantly associated with energy utilization pathways such as Denovoprine-2 and glyoxylate-by. Differential analysis has shown that Escherichia-Shigella and Enterococcus were altered for the children with stunted growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israr Aziz
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Zobia Noreen
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Ozan Gundogdu
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Muhammad Haroon Hamid
- Department of Pediatrics/Department of Preventive Pediatrics, Mayo Hospital, King Edward Medical University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Nazir Muhammad
- Department of Pediatrics/Department of Preventive Pediatrics, Mayo Hospital, King Edward Medical University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Abdullah Khan
- Paediatric Unit, Saidu Teaching Hospitals, Swat, Saidu Sharif, Pakistan
| | - Habib Bokhari
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
- Department of Biosciences, Kohsar University, Murree, Pakistan.
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Maffioli EM. The local health impacts of natural resource booms. HEALTH ECONOMICS 2023; 32:462-500. [PMID: 36440904 PMCID: PMC10098977 DOI: 10.1002/hec.4629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This paper uses novel micro-data on natural resources and administrative health data in Brazil to study how economic booms in minerals affect health at birth. By implementing a reduced-form estimation of shift-share research designs, the identification strategy relies on the exogeneity of global commodity prices to municipality-specific health outcomes. I find that, following changes in international prices, municipalities with historically more endowments have a higher number of premature births and births with low Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity, Respiration scores. The impacts are primarily driven by metallic minerals. Instead, industrial minerals do not appear to have any effect on birth outcomes. Even though booms in metallic minerals generate benefits through resource windfalls-by increasing wealth and generating economic opportunities-the investigation of mechanisms reveals that they also result in costs-due to pollution-which seem to prevail. Hence, some metallic minerals remain a curse more than a blessing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa M. Maffioli
- Department of Health Management and PolicyUniversity of MichiganSchool of Public HealthAnn ArborMichiganUSA
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Zhang Y, Lu Y, Zhang P, Shang X, Li Y. Brain Injury Induced by Mercury in Common Carp: Novel Insight from Transcriptome Analysis. Biol Trace Elem Res 2023; 201:403-411. [PMID: 35233713 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-022-03161-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Mercury is a heavy metal which causes irreversible toxicity to fish and is detected in aquatic environment around the world. We aimed to explore the relative mechanism of mercury exposure on the brain injury. In this study, high-throughput sequencing RNA-Seq technology was carried out to analyze the changes of gene expression of brain tissues exposed to mercury. A large number of differentially expressed genes were identified. And 366 genes were up-regulated and 688 genes were down-regulated. Gene Ontology (GO) functional enrichment analysis showed that DNA-templated and transport were highly enriched in the biological process. Membrane, nucleus, and cytoplasm were highly enriched in the cellular component, and metal ion binding and DNA binding were highly enriched in molecular function. The differential genes were enriched in ferroptosis, necroptosis, calcium signaling pathway, and ion channels. Real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) results demonstrated the selected genes exhibited the same trends with the RNA-Seq results, which indicates the transcriptome sequencing data is reliable. Our results may provide an insightful view for the toxic effects of mercury on brain injury of common carp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
- Ministry of Education Laboratory of Animal Production and Quality Security, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Yuting Lu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
- Ministry of Education Laboratory of Animal Production and Quality Security, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Peijun Zhang
- Health Monitoring and Inspection Center of Jilin Province, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Xinchi Shang
- Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Rd 43 Songfa, Daoli District, Harbin, 150070, China
- Key Laboratory of Cold Water Fish Germplasm Resources and Multiplication and Cultivation of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, 150070, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yuehong Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China.
- Ministry of Education Laboratory of Animal Production and Quality Security, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China.
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Niede R, Benbi DK. Integrated review of the nexus between toxic elements in the environment and human health. AIMS Public Health 2022; 9:758-789. [PMID: 36636150 PMCID: PMC9807406 DOI: 10.3934/publichealth.2022052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging pollutants in the environment due to economic development have become a global challenge for environmental and human health management. Potentially toxic elements (PTEs), a major group of pollutants, have been detected in soil, air, water and food crops. Humans are exposed to PTEs through soil ingestion, consumption of water, uptake of food crop products originating from polluted fields, breathing of dust and fumes, and direct contact of the skin with contaminated soil and water. The dose absorbed by humans, the exposure route and the duration (i.e., acute or chronic) determine the toxicity of PTEs. Poisoning by PTEs can lead to excessive damage to health as a consequence of oxidative stress produced by the formation of free radicals and, as a consequence, to various disorders. The toxicity of certain organs includes neurotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, skin toxicity, and cardiovascular toxicity. In the treatment of PTE toxicity, synthetic chelating agents and symptomatic supportive procedures have been conventionally used. In addition, there are new insights concerning natural products which may be a powerful option to treat several adverse consequences. Health policy implications need to include monitoring air, water, soil, food products, and individuals at risk, as well as environmental manipulation of soil, water, and sewage. The overall goal of this review is to present an integrated view of human exposure, risk assessment, clinical effects, as well as therapy, including new treatment options, related to highly toxic PTEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rolf Niede
- Institute of Geoecology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Germany,* Correspondence:
| | - Dinesh K. Benbi
- Department of Soil Science, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
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Badshah H, Khan MU, Mumtaz AS. Elucidating Heavy Metals Concentration and Distribution in Wild Edible Morels and the Associated Soil at Different Altitudinal Zones of Pakistan: a Health Risk Implications Study. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022:10.1007/s12011-022-03496-w. [PMID: 36434421 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-022-03496-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluates macro-nutrient (MN) and prevailing heavy metal (HM) concentrations in wild edible morels (WEM) species viz., Morchella crassipes, Morchella pulchella, and Morchella eohespera and the associated soil that were collected from different altitudinal zones (Azad Kashmir, Murree, Swat, and Skardu) of Pakistan. A special emphasis on potential health risk analysis for HM in WEM consumption was also explored. In general, MN concentration in fruiting bodies and their associated soil samples were in the following order: potassium (K) > magnesium (Mg) > calcium (Ca) > sodium (Na) and Ca > Mg > K > Na, respectively. The concentration for HM in WEM ranged between 20.0 and 78.0 mg/kg, 1.09 and 22.1 mg/kg, 2.1 and 22.1 mg/kg, 0.26 and 13.1 mg/kg, 0.43 and 9.1 mg/kg, 1.07 and 7.0 mg/kg, 1.01 and 5.4 mg/kg, and BDL and 3.1 mg/kg for zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), manganese (Mn), cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), lead (Pb), and cadmium (Cd), respectively, and those in underlying soil samples, lowest and highest HM concentration were recorded for Zn (33.7-113.6 mg/kg), Cu (13.0-40.8 mg/kg), Ni (3.1-23.0 mg/kg), Pb (1.3-22.0 mg/kg), Co (2.9-5.6 mg/kg), Cr (2.7-11.1 mg/kg), Mn (2.0-7.1 mg/kg), and Cd (1.1 mg/kg 7.6). Although, Cd, Pb, and Zn concentrations in some of the WEM samples and Cd in the soil had exceeded the permissible limits set by different organizations. The greater accumulation/or transfer potential for Zn, Co, Ni, and Cu were recorded in WEM from their associated soil. The health risk index (HRI) for HM in all assessed samples of WEM was < 1, predicting no risk to the consuming population. Furthermore, the correlation analyses depicted that the power of hydrogen (pH), low organic matter contents, and sandy texture are likely to be responsible for HM transfer to the lower pool of soil. But the increasing concentration of HM in WEM warrants threats and suggests further monitoring and future policy plan and implementation to avoid the potential health risks via its regular consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussain Badshah
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Usman Khan
- Human & Ecology Analytical Laboratory (HEAL), Department of Marine Science and Convergence Engineering, Hanyang University, ERICA Campus, Ansan, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Abdul Samad Mumtaz
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
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Wang Y, Zhang X, Sun W, Wang J, Ding S, Liu S. Effects of hyperspectral data with different spectral resolutions on the estimation of soil heavy metal content: From ground-based and airborne data to satellite-simulated data. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 838:156129. [PMID: 35605855 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Soil heavy metal distribution maps can provide decision-making information for pollution control and agricultural management. However, the estimation of heavy metals is sensitive to the resolution of the soil spectra due to their sparse content in soils. The purposes of this study were to test the sensitivity of Ni, Zn and Pb prediction results to variations in spectral resolution, then to map their spatial distributions over a large area. In addition, the effectiveness of spectral feature extraction was investigated. In total, 92 soil samples and corresponding field soil spectra were obtained from the Tongwei-Zhuanglang area in Gansu Province, China. Airborne HyMap hyperspectral image of this area was acquired simultaneously. Three satellite image spectra (AHSIGF-5, Hyperion, AHSIZY-1 02D) were simulated using the field spectra which were measured under real environmental conditions rather than laboratory conditions. The combination of genetic algorithm and partial least squares regression (GA-PLSR) was used as prediction algorithm. The models calibrated by HyMap image full spectral bands had the highest accuracies (RP2 = 0.8558, 0.8002, and 0.8592 for Ni, Zn, and Pb, respectively) because of high consistency. For field spectra and three simulated satellite spectra, models calibrated by simulated AHSIGF-5 spectra performed best because of appropriate resolution (5 nm in the visible near-infrared [VNIR] and 10 nm in the short-wave infrared [SWIR]). The spectral feature extraction method only improved prediction accuracy of the field spectra, indicating that this method benefited from higher spectral resolution. The mapping of the spatial distribution of soil heavy metals over a large area was realized based on HyMap image. According to the results of the satellite simulation spectra, this study proposes to use GF-5 hyperspectral image to estimate heavy metals content. The outcomes provide a reference for the utilization of aerial and satellite hyperspectral images in prediction of soil heavy metal concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibo Wang
- Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.20 Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.3 Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xia Zhang
- Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.20 Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Weichao Sun
- Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.20 Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Jinnian Wang
- School of Geography and Remote Sensing, Guangzhou University, 230 Wai Huan Xi Road, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Songtao Ding
- Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.20 Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.3 Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Senhao Liu
- Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.20 Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.3 Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China
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Enzyme Method-Based Microfluidic Chip for the Rapid Detection of Copper Ions. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:mi12111380. [PMID: 34832792 PMCID: PMC8622971 DOI: 10.3390/mi12111380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Metal ions in high concentrations can pollute the marine environment. Human activities and industrial pollution are the causes of Cu2+ contamination. Here, we report our discovery of an enzyme method-based microfluidic that can be used to rapidly detect Cu2+ in seawater. In this method, Cu2+ is reduced to Cu+ to inhibit horseradish peroxidase (HRP) activity, which then results in the color distortion of the reaction solution. The chip provides both naked eye and spectrophotometer modalities. Cu2+ concentrations have an ideal linear relationship, with absorbance values ranging from 3.91 nM to 256 μM. The proposed enzyme method-based microfluidic chip detects Cu2+ with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.87 nM. Other common metal ions do not affect the operation of the chip. The successful detection of Cu2+ was achieved using three real seawater samples, verifying the ability of the chip in practical applications. Furthermore, the chip realizes the functions of two AND gates in series and has potential practical implementations in biochemical detection and biological computing.
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Arise RO, Basiru DI, Olufemi O, Adeoye RI. Biochemical transmutation in Lumbricus terrestris and phytoextraction of heavy metals from the swamp of Challawa industrial layout, Kano, Nigeria. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-021-04355-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractDischarge of untreated industrial effluents has been associated with soil contamination. Biochemical alterations in Lumbricus terrestris and remediation capacity of Azadirachta indica tree from industrial effluent discharge locations in Challawa (A and B) and Kura village (control location C) were assessed. Levels of nitrate, phosphate, iron, chloride, and hardness at locations A and B were significantly (p < 0.05) higher than those at location C, but their sulfate concentrations were significantly (p < 0.05) weaker. pH and magnesium concentration at location A were significantly higher than those at locations B and C. Levels of Fe, Cu, Zn, Pb and Mn in soils at the discharge locations were significantly (p < 0.05) higher than those of C. Azadirachta indica tree (AIT) had a translocation factor (TF) > 1 for Pb and Zn, while its biological concentration factor (BCF) was > 1 for Fe. Values of biological accumulation coefficient (BAC) for AIT and soil contamination factor (CF) were < 1 for the metals. Bioindicators of oxidative stress (MDA, GST, CAT and SOD) in earthworm supernatants from the discharge locations were significantly higher (p < 0.05) compared to that at location C, while their GSH levels were significantly (p < 0.05) lower. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in earthworm supernatants from discharge locations was significantly lower (p < 0.05) in comparison with the control. Trends in results revealed that AIT may be useful for extraction and stabilization of heavy metals in polluted soils. Also, the biochemical alterations in L. terrestris may serve as sensitive bioindicators of soil contamination.
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Berihun BT, Amare DE, Raju RP, Ayele DT, Dagne H. Determination of the Level of Metallic Contamination in Irrigation Vegetables, the Soil, and the Water in Gondar City, Ethiopia. NUTRITION AND DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS 2021. [DOI: 10.2147/nds.s283451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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12
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Arumugam A, Li J, Krishnamurthy P, Jia ZX, Leng Z, Ramasamy N, Du D. Investigation of toxic elements in Carassius gibelio and Sinanodonta woodiana and its health risk to humans. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:19955-19969. [PMID: 32232757 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08554-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Increasing toxic metal content in aquatic products has become a universal burden due to the risks to aquatic organisms and human health associated with the consumption of these products. In this study, toxic metal distribution and accumulation in the organs of fish and bivalve species of economic and culinary importance from the lower reaches of the Yangtze River are examined, and the corresponding health risks are also investigated. In general, the viscera and gill show higher concentration of metals than other tissues. The order of the accumulation sequence of metals in muscle tissue of fish and bivalve is Zn > Cu > Mn > Cr > As > Hg > Pb > Cd and Mn > Zn > Cu > As > Cr > Pb > Cd > Hg respectively. Maximum accumulation of Mn (507.50 μg g-1) and Pb (0.51 μg g-1) in the gill tissues indicates the major uptake of these metals from the water column. According to the Hazard Index (HI) calculations (based on USEPA), the analyzed metals will not cause any harmful health effects to individuals for both normal and habitual fish consumers, except for Hg and As in habitual consumers, if these species are consumed at a larger amount. Compared to the Chinese Food Health Criterion and other international standards (WHO/FAO), metal concentrations in the edible muscle tissues of the studied species are lesser than the acceptable levels and found to be fit for human consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anandkumar Arumugam
- School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Institute of Environment and Ecology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Li
- School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Institute of Environment and Ecology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Prabakaran Krishnamurthy
- School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Institute of Environment and Ecology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhang Xi Jia
- School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Institute of Environment and Ecology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhanrui Leng
- School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Institute of Environment and Ecology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Nagarajan Ramasamy
- Department of Applied Geology, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Curtin University, Miri, Malaysia
- Curtin Malaysia Research Institute, Curtin University, Miri, Malaysia
| | - Daolin Du
- School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Institute of Environment and Ecology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, People's Republic of China.
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Ali J, Khan S, Khan A, Waqas M, Nasir MJ. Contamination of soil with potentially toxic metals and their bioaccumulation in wheat and associated health risk. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2020; 192:138. [PMID: 31980942 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-020-8096-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to investigate the concentrations of potential toxic metals (PTMs) in agricultural soil (n = 25) and their bioaccumulation in wheat crop (n = 25) collected from alongside the Kurram River, Pakistan. The highest concentrations of Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn in soil samples were 0.16, 19.5, 14.7, 46.5, 13.5, 14.5, 14.0, and 19.7 mg kg-1, respectively. In the edible tissues of cultivated wheat crop, the highest concentrations of Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn were 0.15, 10.00, 8.75, 22.25, 11.00, 11.25, 10.50, and 7.50 mg kg-1, respectively. The selected PTM concentrations in soil samples were observed within their respective permissible limits set by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and State Environmental Protection Administration (SEPA) China, while in wheat crops, the Cr and Pb concentrations were above the permissible limits of both FAO and SEPA China. The results showed that the orders of PTMs were Fe > Zn > Cr > Cu > Ni > Pb > Mn in soil and Fe > Ni > Mn > Pb > Cr > Cu > Zn in wheat. The highest PTM concentrations were reported in the sample collected near dumping sites. The results of different soil pollution indices including geo-accumulation index (Igeo), contamination factor (CF), and enrichment factor (EF) indicated that the soil of the study area was moderately to severely contaminated. The ADI values of wheat crops were less than 1, while the HQ varied among different PTMs with the highest value of 2.118 for Pb, and the lowest for Zn (0.007). The results indicated that anthropogenic intervention has made a substantial contribution to soil contamination with PTMs and subsequent uptake by wheat, which may exert potential human health risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jawad Ali
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences, Quetta, Pakistan
| | - Sardar Khan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan.
| | - Anwarzeb Khan
- Department of Environmental and Conservation Sciences, University of Swat, Swat, 19200, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Waqas
- Department of Environmental and Conservation Sciences, University of Swat, Swat, 19200, Pakistan
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Mahmood-Ul-Hassan M, Yousra M, Saman L, Ahmad R. Floriculture: alternate non-edible plants for phyto-remediation of heavy metal contaminated soils. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2020; 22:725-732. [PMID: 31916455 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2019.1707772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Contamination of pre-urban arable land, by untreated municipal/industrial effluents derived heavy metals, is causing serious health hazards to human beings and abiotic components of the ecosystem. In this study, phytoremedial potential of four non-eatable floriculture plants, i.e. antirrhinum, pansy, calendula, and marigold, was explored by growing in heavy metal contaminated soil (collected from pre-urban area under untreated wastewater irrigation for more than 20 years) amended with bacterial inoculum and EDTA amended soils under greenhouse conditions for 75 days. Bacterial inoculation gave a maximum increase in the root (47.1%) and shoot (30.9%) biomass, while EDTA amendment gave 37.1 and 21.4%, respectively. However, EDTA application increases more metal concentrations in the root (65%) and shoot (36%) than that of bacterial inoculum, i.e. 37 and 27%, respectively. The values of bioconcentration factor (BCF) of all the plants for Cd, Cr, Ni and Pb were significantly increased by EDTA application and bacterial inoculum over control. The BCF values were either ≈1 or >1 in all the treatments in case of Cr. Ni and Pb. Contrarily, reduction in translocation factor (TF) values of all the flowering plants for all the metals were observed over control when the growth medium was treated with EDTA and bacterial inoculum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Mahmood-Ul-Hassan
- Land Resources Research Institute, National Agricultural Research Center, Islamabad, Pakistan
- PARC Institute of Advanced Studies in Agriculture, National Agricultural Research Center, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Munazza Yousra
- Land Resources Research Institute, National Agricultural Research Center, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Laraib Saman
- PARC Institute of Advanced Studies in Agriculture, National Agricultural Research Center, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Rizwan Ahmad
- Land Resources Research Institute, National Agricultural Research Center, Islamabad, Pakistan
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15
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A MEMS-Based Multi-Parameter Integrated Chip and Its Portable System for Water Quality Detection. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:mi11010063. [PMID: 31948112 PMCID: PMC7019632 DOI: 10.3390/mi11010063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
As an important means to protect water resources, water quality detection is of great social and economic significance. Water quality detection sensors processed by micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) technology have the advantages of low-cost, small size, and high sensitivity. In this paper, a multi-parameter water quality detection integrated sensor chip is further studied, and a portable detection system using this chip is developed. Temperature, pH, oxidation-reduction potential (ORP), conductivity and concentration of copper ions (Cu2+) are selected as typical water quality parameters. Experiments of sensor calibrations using this portable detection system were performed in standard solutions. The sensor has a sensitivity of −57.34 mV/pH in pH detection and 5.95 Ω/°C in temperature response. ORP is directly detected by Pt microelectrode on the chip and the relative error is less than 3%. The electrode constant of the sensor is 1.416 cm−1 and the linearity is 0.9995 in conductivity detection. With the gold nanoparticles deposited on the electrode, the detection peak of Cu2+ appears at 280 mV and the sensor shows good linearity to the concentration of Cu2+ in the range of 0–0.6 mg/L. The detection limit of Cu2+ concentration is 2.33 μg/L. Through measurement and calculation, the accuracy of the portable system is within 4%. This portable multi-parameter water quality detection system with the MEMS-based integrated chip shows great potential in the field and fast detection.
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Jacques MT, Bornhorst J, Soares MV, Schwerdtle T, Garcia S, Ávila DS. Reprotoxicity of glyphosate-based formulation in Caenorhabditis elegans is not due to the active ingredient only. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 252:1854-1862. [PMID: 31326750 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.06.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides guarantee us high productivity in agriculture, but the long-term costs have proved too high. Acute and chronic intoxication of humans and animals, contamination of soil, water and food are the consequences of the current demand and sales of these products. In addition, pesticides such as glyphosate are sold in commercial formulations which have inert ingredients, substances with unknown composition and proportion. Facing this scenario, toxicological studies that investigate the interaction between the active principle and the inert ingredients are necessary. The following work proposed comparative toxicology studies between glyphosate and its commercial formulation using the alternative model Caenorhabditis elegans. Worms were exposed to different concentrations of the active ingredient (glyphosate in monoisopropylamine salt) and its commercial formulation. Reproductive capacity was evaluated through brood size, morphological analysis of oocytes and through the MD701 strain (bcIs39), which allows the visualization of germ cells in apoptosis. In addition, the metal composition in the commercial formulation was analyzed by ICP-MS. Only the commercial formulation of glyphosate showed significant negative effects on brood size, body length, oocyte size, and the number of apoptotic cells. Metal analysis showed the presence of Hg, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, As, Cd and Pb in the commercial formulation, which did not cause reprotoxicity at the concentrations found. However, metals can bioaccumulate in soil and water and cause environmental impacts. Finally, we demonstrated that the addition of inert ingredients increased the toxic profile of the active ingredient glyphosate in C. elegans, which reinforces the need of components description in the product labels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio Tavares Jacques
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Toxicologia em Caenorhabditis Elegans, Federal University of Pampa, BR 472, Km 592, PO BOX 118, Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil; Laboratório de Experimentação em Neuropatologia, Department of Biochemistry, CCB, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Block C, Trindade, Florianópolis, SC, CEP 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Julia Bornhorst
- Department of Food Chemistry, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany; TraceAge - DFG Research Unit FOR 2558, Berlin-Potsdam-Jena, Germany; Department of Food Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Wuppertal, Gaußstraße 20, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Marcell Valandro Soares
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Toxicologia em Caenorhabditis Elegans, Federal University of Pampa, BR 472, Km 592, PO BOX 118, Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil
| | - Tanja Schwerdtle
- Department of Food Chemistry, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany; TraceAge - DFG Research Unit FOR 2558, Berlin-Potsdam-Jena, Germany
| | - Solange Garcia
- Laboratory of Toxicology (LATOX), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Ipiranga 2752, Santa Cecília, Porto Alegre, RS, 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Daiana Silva Ávila
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Toxicologia em Caenorhabditis Elegans, Federal University of Pampa, BR 472, Km 592, PO BOX 118, Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil.
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Vajdi M, Farhangi MA. Gender-specific difference among socio-demographic determinants of malnutrition and anemia among hospitalized children. MEDITERRANEAN JOURNAL OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM 2019. [DOI: 10.3233/mnm-180272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Vajdi
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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18
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Shi J, Xing C, Chen Y, Xu Z, Du Q, Cui Y. Pb 2+ adsorption on TiO 2 @HF-waste building bricks: Kinetics, thermodynamics, and mechanisms. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2019; 91:788-796. [PMID: 30929294 DOI: 10.1002/wer.1109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Pb2+ pollution poses severe threats to human health and ecosystem. In this study, based on the waste building bricks (WBB), the TiO2 @HF-WBB was prepared for Pb2+ adsorption removal from wastewater. The adsorption of Pb2+ on TiO2 @HF-WBB followed the pseudo-second-order kinetics and the Freundlich isotherm model. The thermodynamic parameters indicated that the adsorption process was endothermic, spontaneous, and irreversible, and also included physical adsorption and chemical adsorption simultaneously. Ca2+ and Mg2+ had little effect on Pb2+ adsorption. The effluent of fixed-bed was below 3 μg/L within 1,000 BV. The desorption rate could reach 90% by simple operation. The possible mechanisms included the electrostatic interaction and the complexation. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Waste building bricks were utilized for Pb2+ removal from wastewater. The effluent of fixed-bed was below 3 μg/L within 1,000 BV. TiO2 @HF-WBB has excellent adsorption property and desorption property. Possible mechanisms are electrostatic interaction and the complexation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Shi
- School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chao Xing
- School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yating Chen
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhengwen Xu
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiong Du
- School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yixin Cui
- School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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19
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20
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Rai PK, Lee SS, Zhang M, Tsang YF, Kim KH. Heavy metals in food crops: Health risks, fate, mechanisms, and management. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 125:365-385. [PMID: 30743144 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.01.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 657] [Impact Index Per Article: 131.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Food security is a high-priority issue for sustainable global development both quantitatively and qualitatively. In recent decades, adverse effects of unexpected contaminants on crop quality have threatened both food security and human health. Heavy metals and metalloids (e.g., Hg, As, Pb, Cd, and Cr) can disturb human metabolomics, contributing to morbidity and even mortality. Therefore, this review focuses on and describes heavy metal contamination in soil-food crop subsystems with respect to human health risks. It also explores the possible geographical pathways of heavy metals in such subsystems. In-depth discussion is further offered on physiological/molecular translocation mechanisms involved in the uptake of metallic contaminants inside food crops. Finally, management strategies are proposed to regain sustainability in soil-food subsystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabhat Kumar Rai
- Department of Environmental Science, Mizoram University, Aizawl 796004, India
| | - Sang Soo Lee
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Republic of Korea
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Yiu Fai Tsang
- Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Ki-Hyun Kim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea.
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21
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Gupta N, Yadav KK, Kumar V, Kumar S, Chadd RP, Kumar A. Trace elements in soil-vegetables interface: Translocation, bioaccumulation, toxicity and amelioration - A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 651:2927-2942. [PMID: 30463144 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The contamination of soil and vegetables with trace elements is one of the most severe ecological problems in developing industrialized countries. Trace elements are released into the environment from natural and anthropogenic activities and accumulated in soil and vegetables through various pathways which ultimately affects the human health. The present review aimed at 1) discussing the anthropogenic sources in detail, 2) describing the bioaccumulation, absorption, and transportation of trace elements, 3) exploring the options to reduce the health risk due to consumption of contaminated vegetables, 4) identifying the research and policy gaps related to soil and vegetables contamination with trace elements. Besides these objectives, the present review also detailed the several factors which affect the rate of accumulation, toxicity mechanism, and effects of trace elements on vegetables and humans. Various toxicity indices for health risk assessment have also been described. It is suggested to evaluate the trace metals concentration in irrigation water and soil prior to plant the vegetable to minimize the possible contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Gupta
- Institute of Environment and Development Studies, Bundelkhand University, Kanpur Road, Jhansi 284128, India.
| | - Krishna Kumar Yadav
- Institute of Environment and Development Studies, Bundelkhand University, Kanpur Road, Jhansi 284128, India
| | - Vinit Kumar
- Institute of Environment and Development Studies, Bundelkhand University, Kanpur Road, Jhansi 284128, India
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Centre for Environment Science and Climate Resilient Agriculture, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Richard P Chadd
- Environment Agency of England, Stepping Stone Walk, Winfrey Avenue, Spalding, Lincolnshire PE11 1DA, United Kingdom
| | - Amit Kumar
- Department of Botany, Dayalbagh Educational Institute, Agra 282005, India
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22
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Hattab S, Bougattass I, Hassine R, Dridi-Al-Mohandes B. Metals and micronutrients in some edible crops and their cultivation soils in eastern-central region of Tunisia: A comparison between organic and conventional farming. Food Chem 2019; 270:293-298. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Naveed S, Rehim A, Imran M, Anwar MF, Hussain S. Effect of distillery spentwash fertigation on crop growth, yield, and accumulation of potentially toxic elements in rice. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:31113-31124. [PMID: 30187412 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3067-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The safe disposal of industrial effluents always remained a challenging process because of their high level of nutrients, toxic elements, and salts. A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of various concentrations (5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%) of sugar industry effluent spentwash (SW) fertigated with tab water (TW), on soil properties, crop growth, physiological parameters, yield components, and accumulation of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in rice (Oryza sativa L.) grains and straw. The results showed that soil physico-chemical properties were modified with rise in SW concentration. Application of 5% SW significantly enhanced the plant growth, and yield components. Photosynthesis rate, transpiration rate, and stomatal conductance were significantly higher under 5% SW concentration in comparison with control. However, SW concentrations of > 5% showed inhibitory effects for all growth, physiological, and yield components. Accumulation of PTEs showed increasing trend with rise in SW concentration. However, under 5% SW concentration, all the PTEs in rice grain and straw were within the permissible limits (PLs) recommended by FAO/WHO and no health hazards were detected by health risk assessment. Based on the study results, 5% SW fertigation with TW can be applied as fertilizer for enhancing the growth and productivity of rice. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadiq Naveed
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
- Department of Soil Science, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Abdur Rehim
- Department of Soil Science, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Department of Soil Science, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan.
- Soil and Water Testing Laboratory, Khanewal, Pakistan.
| | | | - Saddam Hussain
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Punjab, 38040, Pakistan
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24
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Arrieta A, Guillen J. The birthweight toll of mining pollution: evidence from the most contaminated mine site in the Andean region. BJOG 2018; 125:1272-1278. [PMID: 29700946 DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.15257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the effect of mining pollution on birthweight. DESIGN A retrospective before-and-after study with an untreated comparison group. SETTING La Oroya, a mining town in the Peruvian Andes, considered the most contaminated town in the Andean region. POPULATION All pregnant women who delivered in the social security healthcare system in years 2005, 2006, 2008 and 2009. A total of 214 983 births records were used, 957 from La Oroya and 214 026 from the rest of the country. METHODS A difference-in-difference estimation is used to assess the effect of mining pollution on birthweight before and after two business policy changes: a partial environmental improvement and a subsequent closure of smelter operations in La Oroya. Birthweight was compared with a group not affected by the environmental changes in La Oroya. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Birthweight in grams. RESULTS A steep reduction in mining pollution due to the closure of smelter operations in La Oroya showed an increased birthweight of 71.6 g after controlling for socio-economic and medical characteristics. None of the environmental improvements prior to the closure had a statistically significant effect on birthweight. CONCLUSIONS Mining pollution in La Oroya had a negative impact on birthweight. Partial environmental improvements were not enough to improve birthweight. Only after the closure of all mining and smelter operations in La Oroya was a significant gain in birthweight shown. TWEETABLE ABSTRACT The closure of the most contaminated mine site in the Andean region increased birthweight by 72 g.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Arrieta
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - J Guillen
- Graduate School of Business, ESAN, Lima, Peru
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25
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Afolayan AO. Accumulation of Heavy Metals from Battery Waste in Topsoil, Surface Water, and Garden Grown Maize at Omilende Area, Olodo, Nigeria. GLOBAL CHALLENGES (HOBOKEN, NJ) 2018; 2:1700090. [PMID: 31565324 PMCID: PMC6607236 DOI: 10.1002/gch2.201700090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Land pollution is a threat to sustainable agricultural development and food security in developing countries. Consumption of farm products from contaminated areas can generate health hazards to the diverse consumers along the food chain through the different pollutants in the products. This study is designed to determine the accumulation of Pb, Cd, and Fe in topsoil, surface water, and maize leaf, stem, grains, and root, cultivated in a garden nearby Ori-Ile battery waste dumpsite, Omilende Area, Olodo, Nigeria. Soil samples, garden maize parts, and surface water samples are collected from the study area using standard procedures. Corresponding reference samples are collected from Moor Plantation, Ibadan. All collected samples are analysed for Pb, Cd, and Fe concentrations. Mean Pb, Cd, and Fe concentrations in topsoil are found to be significantly higher than 157.0 ± 39.8, 2.2 ± 1.2, and 976.3 ± 353.9 mg kg-1, respectively, which are obtained from reference soil and National Environmental Standards and Regulations Enforcement Agency limits (Pb: 164 mg kg-1 and Cd: 50 mg kg-1). The soil contamination factor values obtained are greater than 6, indicating severe pollution. Downstream has the highest Pb, Cd, and Fe concentrations. In maize parts, the root has the highest concentration of Pb (40.95 ± 1.98 mg L-1) and Cd (2.84 ± 0.19 mg L-1), which are significantly higher (p ≤ 0.05) than those from the reference site. A high concentration of heavy metals found in topsoil further bio-accumulates in maize parts. Consequently, this garden maize is unfit for consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adedotun Onoyinka Afolayan
- Tissue Culture/Biotechnology UnitNational Centre for Genetic Resources and BiotechnologyP.M.B. 5382, Moor PlantationIbadanOyo State+234‐02Nigeria
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26
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Jia Y, Wang L, Qu Z, Yang Z. Distribution, contamination and accumulation of heavy metals in water, sediments, and freshwater shellfish from Liuyang River, Southern China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:7012-7020. [PMID: 29273990 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-1068-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal distributions in water, sediments, and freshwater shellfish collected from Liuyang River in China have been investigated. The concentrations of heavy metals including Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, and Pb were determined by ICP-MS. The distribution pattern of heavy metals in sediments was different from that in water. Large coefficients of variation of heavy metal concentrations were observed in water due to the susceptibility to discharge fluctuation and seasonal variation. Multivariate statistical analysis such as Pearson's correlation analysis, hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), and principal component analysis (PCA) were employed to identify the possible sources of heavy metals in sediments. These heavy metals were categorized into three distinct groups, one was derived from natural existence and two were associated with anthropogenic activities. Five shellfish species including three species of gastropod mollusks (Parafossarulus eximius, Semisulcospira cancellata, and Pomacea canaliculata) and two species of bivalve mollusks (Corbicula fluminea and Anodonta woodiana) were collected and investigated. The distribution pattern of heavy metals in shellfish species was visualized by the nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) plot. The metal pollution index (MPI) values for the shellfish species were in the descending order of C. fluminea > A. woodiana > S. cancellata > P. eximius > P. canaliculata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyu Jia
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Lin Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China.
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Efficient and Clean Utilization of Manganese Resources, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China.
| | - Zhipeng Qu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Zhaoguang Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China.
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Efficient and Clean Utilization of Manganese Resources, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China.
- Center for Environment and Water Resources, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China.
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27
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Exploring the Potential of Spectral Classification in Estimation of Soil Contaminant Elements. REMOTE SENSING 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/rs9060632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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28
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Belapurkar P, Goyal P, Kar A. In vitro evaluation of bioremediation capacity of a commercial probiotic, Bacillus coagulans, for chromium (VI) and lead (II) toxicity. JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND BIOALLIED SCIENCES 2016; 8:272-276. [PMID: 28216949 PMCID: PMC5314824 DOI: 10.4103/0975-7406.199344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Revised: 04/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The bioaccumulation of heavy metals including chromium (VI) (Cr (VI)) and lead (II) (Pb (II)) causes fatal toxicity in humans. Some naturally occurring bacterial genera such as Bacillus and Pseudomonas help in bioremediation of these heavy metals and some of the species of Bacillus are proven probiotics. However, no study has been conducted on Bacillus coagulans, which is a proven probiotic species of genus Bacillus. OBJECTIVES The primary objective of the present study was to assess the potential of a proven probiotic, B. coagulans, marketed as "Sporlac-DS," to survive in the presence of Cr (VI) and Pb (II) and its ability to reduce its concentration in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS The Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the organism for Cr (VI) and Pb (II) was determined followed by its biochemical and morphological characterization. Its antibiotic sensitivity and probiotic efficacy were assessed. Further, its bioremediation capacity was observed in vitro by determining the residual Cr (VI) and Pb (II) concentration after 72 h. RESULTS B. coagulans could tolerate up to 512 ppm concentration of Cr (VI) and had an MIC of 128 ppm for Pb (II). After 72 h, the organism reduced 32 ppm Cr (VI) and 64 ppm Pb (II) by 93% and 89%, respectively. When B. coagulans was studied before and after growing on Cr (VI) and Pb (II) for 24 h, an increase was seen in sensitivity toward the tested antibiotics whereas no change was observed in morphological and biochemical characters. It also showed no change in their bile and acid tolerance, indicating that it retains its probiotic efficacy. CONCLUSION The tested probiotic B. coagulans may have a potential role in bioremediation of Cr (VI) and Pb (II), in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pragya Goyal
- Department of Biotechnology, IPS Academy, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Anand Kar
- School of Life Sciences, Devi Ahilya Vishwavidyalaya, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
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Islam MS, Ahmed MK, Habibullah-Al-Mamun M, Raknuzzaman M. The concentration, source and potential human health risk of heavy metals in the commonly consumed foods in Bangladesh. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2015; 122:462-9. [PMID: 26406870 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Revised: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Seven food items, namely, meat, egg, fish, milk, vegetables, cereals and fruits were collected from Bogra district, Bangladesh to evaluate the levels of heavy metal and associated health risk to the adults and children. The samples were analyzed for the quantification of selected heavy metals (Cr, Ni, Cu, As, Cd and Pb) on inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer followed by acid digestion. In general, the highest concentrations of the studied metals were detected in vegetables, cereals, and fruits. The range of Cr, Ni, Cu, As, Cd, and Pb in the foods were 0.058-10, 0.036-25, 0.045-40, 0.005-7.1, 0.001-5.5 and 0.005-13 mg/kg fw, respectively. Multivariate principal component analysis (PCA) revealed three major groups of the studied metals and showed significant anthropogenic contributions of the Ni, Cu, and As in foods. Health risk assessment was evaluated in terms of target hazard quotient and target carcinogenic risk (TR) which showed that the intake of some metals through foods were higher than the recommended values, consequently consumption of the foods may be associated with non-carcinogenic health risks. Nonetheless, elevated levels of As and Pb were also found to be associated with lifetime carcinogenic risk to the consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Saiful Islam
- Department of Soil Science, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Bangladesh; Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, 79-7 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 240-8501, Japan.
| | - Md Kawser Ahmed
- Department of Oceanography, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Md Habibullah-Al-Mamun
- Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, 79-7 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 240-8501, Japan; Department of Fisheries, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Raknuzzaman
- Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, 79-7 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 240-8501, Japan; Department of Fisheries, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
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Ma L, Sun J, Yang Z, Wang L. Heavy metal contamination of agricultural soils affected by mining activities around the Ganxi River in Chenzhou, Southern China. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2015; 187:731. [PMID: 26547321 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-015-4966-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal contamination attracted a wide spread attention due to their strong toxicity and persistence. The Ganxi River, located in Chenzhou City, Southern China, has been severely polluted by lead/zinc ore mining activities. This work investigated the heavy metal pollution in agricultural soils around the Ganxi River. The total concentrations of heavy metals were determined by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. The potential risk associated with the heavy metals in soil was assessed by Nemerow comprehensive index and potential ecological risk index. In both methods, the study area was rated as very high risk. Multivariate statistical methods including Pearson's correlation analysis, hierarchical cluster analysis, and principal component analysis were employed to evaluate the relationships between heavy metals, as well as the correlation between heavy metals and pH, to identify the metal sources. Three distinct clusters have been observed by hierarchical cluster analysis. In principal component analysis, a total of two components were extracted to explain over 90% of the total variance, both of which were associated with anthropogenic sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ma
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Jing Sun
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Zhaoguang Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Lin Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China.
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Hossain MS, Ahmed F, Abdullah ATM, Akbor MA, Ahsan MA. Public Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metal Uptake by Vegetables Grown at a Waste-water-Irrigated Site in Dhaka, Bangladesh. J Health Pollut 2015; 5:78-85. [PMID: 30524779 PMCID: PMC6221497 DOI: 10.5696/2156-9614-5-9.78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wastewater is often used in developing countries for irrigation of crops. This wastewater often contains a number of heavy metals which are harmful to human health due to their non-biodegradable nature, long biological half-lives and their potential to accumulate in different body parts. There are many potential risks to human health from heavy metal contamination of vegetables grown at waste-water-irrigated sites. OBJECTIVES This study was carried out to assess the concentration of heavy metals and the risk to human health by heavy metals (lead (Pb), nickel (Ni) and arsenic (As)) through the intake of locally grown vegetables collected from wastewater irrigated agricultural fields. The objectives of the present study were to determine concentrations of heavy metals in vegetables collected from the wastewater-irrigated fields, to calculate daily intake of heavy metals from the consumption of vegetables for both adults and children, and to evaluate their potential health risk. METHODS Twenty-seven samples of nine different types of vegetables were analyzed by an Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (AAS) (Varian AAS 240 F S). RESULTS The range of various metals in waste-water irrigated vegetables were not detected (ND)-0.188, 0.072-1.069 and ND-0.076 mg/kg for Pb, Ni and As, respectively. The highest mean concentration of all metals was detected in jute leaf, except for Pb which was found in the stem amaranth leaf. The mean concentration of all metals in all vegetables was within the safe limits of the World Health Organization/Food and Agricultural Organization (WHO/FAO) and China's national standards. The health risk index was more than 1 for As in jute leaf for both adults and children. The metal pollution index was highest (0.16 mg/kg) in jute leaf, whereas green papaya showed the lowest metal pollution index (MPI) value (0.005 mg/kg). Among all vegetables tested, the highest intake values of Ni and As were from consumption of jute leaf and the highest intake values of Pb from consumption of stem amaranth leaf for both adults and children. CONCLUSIONS Higher values in the metal pollution index and health risk index indicate heavy metal contamination in wastewater-irrigated soils that present the potential for a significant negative impact on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fahad Ahmed
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Abu Tareq Mohammad Abdullah
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Ahedul Akbor
- Analytical Research Division, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Aminul Ahsan
- Analytical Research Division, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Reddy UA, Prabhakar PV, Rao GS, Rao PR, Sandeep K, Rahman MF, Kumari SI, Grover P, Khan HA, Mahboob M. Biomarkers of oxidative stress in rat for assessing toxicological effects of heavy metal pollution in river water. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:13453-63. [PMID: 25940462 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-4381-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Increasing use of heavy metals in various fields, their environmental persistency, and poor regulatory efforts have significantly increased their fraction in river water. We studied the effect of Musi river water pollution on oxidative stress biomarkers and histopathology in rat after 28 days repeated oral treatment. River water analysis showed the presence of Zn and Pb at mg/l concentration and Ag, As, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Mo, Ni, Sn, and Sb at μg/l concentration. River water treatment resulted in a dose-dependent accumulation of metals in rat organs, being more in liver followed by kidney and brain. Metal content in both control and low-dose group rat organs was below limit of detection. However, metal bioaccumulation in high- and medium-dose group organs as follows: liver-Zn (21.4 & 14.5 μg/g), Cu (8.3 & 3.6 μg/g), and Pb (8.2 & 0.4 μg/g); kidney-Zn (16.2 & 7.9 μg/g), Cu (3.5 & 1.4 μg/g), Mn (2.9 & 0.5 μg/g), and Pb (2.6 & 0.5 μg/g); and brain-Zn (2.4 & 1.1 μg/g), and Ni (1 & 0.3 μg/g). These metals were present at high concentrations in respective organs than other metals. The increased heavy metal concentration in treated rat resulted significant increase in superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, glutathione S transferase enzymes activity, and lipid peroxidation in a dose-dependent manner. However, glutathione content and catalase activity were significantly decreased in treated rat organs. Histopathological examination also confirmed morphological changes in rat organs due to polluted river water treatment. In conclusion, the findings of this study clearly indicate the oxidative stress condition in rat organs due to repeated oral treatment of polluted Musi river water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Utkarsh A Reddy
- Toxicology Unit, Biology Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500007, India
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Khan A, Khan S, Khan MA, Qamar Z, Waqas M. The uptake and bioaccumulation of heavy metals by food plants, their effects on plants nutrients, and associated health risk: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:13772-99. [PMID: 26194234 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-4881-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 324] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal contamination is a globally recognized environmental issue, threatening human life very seriously. Increasing population and high demand for food resulted in release of various contaminants into environment that finally contaminate the food chain. Edible plants are the major source of diet, and their contamination with toxic metals may result in catastrophic health hazards. Heavy metals affect the human health directly and/or indirectly; one of the indirect effects is the change in plant nutritional values. Previously, a number of review papers have been published on different aspects of heavy metal contamination. However, no related information is available about the effects of heavy metals on the nutritional status of food plants. This review paper is focused upon heavy metal sources, accumulation, transfer, health risk, and effects on protein, amino acids, carbohydrates, fats, and vitamins in plants. The literature about heavy metals in food plants shows that both leafy and nonleafy vegetables are good accumulators of heavy metals. In nonleafy vegetables, the bioaccumulation pattern was leaf > root ≈ stem > tuber. Heavy metals have strong influence on nutritional values; therefore, plants grown on metal-contaminated soil were nutrient deficient and consumption of such vegetables may lead to nutritional deficiency in the population particularly living in developing countries which are already facing the malnutrition problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anwarzeb Khan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan
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Asgari K, Cornelis WM. Heavy metal accumulation in soils and grains, and health risks associated with use of treated municipal wastewater in subsurface drip irrigation. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2015; 187:410. [PMID: 26050062 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-015-4565-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Constant use of treated wastewater (TWW) for irrigation over prolonged periods may cause buildup of heavy metals up to toxic levels for plants and animals, and entails environmental hazards in different aspects. However, application of TWW on agricultural land might be an effective and sustainable strategy in arid and semi-arid countries where fresh water resources are under great pressure, as long as potential harmful effects on the environment including soil, plants, and fresh water resources, and health risks to humans are minimized. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of deep emitters on limiting potential heavy metal accumulation in soils and grains, and health risk under drip irrigation with treated municipal wastewater. A field experiment was conducted according to a split block design with two treatments (fresh and wastewater) and three sub-treatments (0, 15, and 30 cm depth of emitters) in four replicates on a sandy loam Calcic Argigypsids, in Esfahan, Iran. The annual rainfall is about 123 mm, mean annual ETo is 1457 mm, and the elevation is 1590 m above sea level. A two-crop rotation of wheat (Triticum spp.) and corn (Zea mays) was established on each plot with wheat growing from February to June and corn from July to September. Soil samples were collected before planting and after harvesting for each crop in each year. Edible grain samples of corn and wheat were collected at harvest. Elemental concentrations (Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb, Cr, Ni) in soil and grains were determined using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Results showed that the concentrations of heavy metals in the wastewater-irrigated soils were not significantly different (P > 0.05) compared with the freshwater-irrigated soils. No significant difference (P > 0.05) in heavy metal content in soil between different depths of emitters was found. A pollution load index (PLI) showed that there was no substantial buildup of heavy metals in the wastewater-irrigated soils compared to the freshwater-irrigated soils. Cu, Pb, and Zn concentrations in wheat and corn grains were within the permissible US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) limits, but concentrations of Cd (in wheat and corn) and Cr (in corn) were above the safe limits of the EPA. In addition, concentrations of Ni in wheat and corn seeds were several folds higher than the EPA standards. A health risk index (HRI) which is usually adopted to assess the health risk to hazard materials in foods showed values higher than 1 for Cd, particularly for wheat grain (HRI >2.5). Results also showed that intake of Cu through consumption of edible wheat grains posed a relatively high potential health risk to children (HRI >1.4), whereas children might also be exposed to health risk from Cd and Cr from corn grains (HRI >1.4). Based on aforementioned results, it can be concluded that the emitter depth in drip irrigation does not play a significant role in the accumulation of heavy metals from TWW in our sandy loam soil. Although their accumulation in the soil was limited and similar to using freshwater, uptake of Cd and Cr by wheat and corn was relatively large and hence resulted in health risk. The results suggest that more attention should be directed towards cultivation of other crops with drip irrigation system for a safe and more productive use of wastewater for irrigation. Alternatively, methods that filter the wastewater before it enters the soil environment might be an option that needs further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamran Asgari
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Khorasgan (Isfahan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran,
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Irshad M, Ruqia B, Hussain Z. Phytoaccumulation of Heavy Metals in Natural Vegetation at the Municipal Wastewater Site in Abbottabad, Pakistan. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2015; 17:1269-1273. [PMID: 26366840 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2014.950409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal accumulation in crops and soils from wastewater irrigation poses a significant threat to the human health. A study was carried out to investigate the removal potential of heavy metals (HM) by native plant species, namely Cannabis sativa L., Chenopodium album L., Datura stramonium L., Sonchus asper L., Amaranthus viridus L., Oenothera rosea (LHer), Xanthium stramonium L., Polygonum macalosa L., Nasturtium officinale L. and Conyza canadensis L. growing at the municipal wastewater site in Abbottabad city, Pakistan. The HM concentrations varied among plants depending on the species. Metal concentrations across species varied in the order iron (Fe) > zinc (Zn) > chromium (Cr) > nickel (Ni) > cadmium (Cd). Majority of the species accumulated more HM in roots than shoots. Among species, the concentrations (both in roots and shoots) were in the order C. sativa > C. album > X. stramonium > C. canadensis > A. viridus > N. officinale > P. macalosa > D. stramonium > S. asper > O. rosea. No species was identified as a hyperaccumulator. All species exhibited a translocation factor (TF) less than 1. Species like C. sativa, C. album and X. stramonium gave higher (> 1) biological concentration factor (BCF) and biological accumulation coefficient (BAC) especially for Fe, Cr and Cd than other species. Higher accumulation of heavy metals in these plant species signifies the general application of these species for phytostabilization and phytoextraction of HM from polluted soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Irshad
- a Department of Environmental Sciences , COMSATS Institute of Information Technology (CIIT) , Abbottabad , Pakistan
| | - Bibi Ruqia
- a Department of Environmental Sciences , COMSATS Institute of Information Technology (CIIT) , Abbottabad , Pakistan
| | - Zahid Hussain
- b Department of Development Studies , COMSATS Institute of Information Technology (CIIT) , Abbottabad , Pakistan
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Garg VK, Yadav P, Mor S, Singh B, Pulhani V. Heavy metals bioconcentration from soil to vegetables and assessment of health risk caused by their ingestion. Biol Trace Elem Res 2014; 157:256-65. [PMID: 24464601 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-014-9892-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The present study was undertaken to assess the non-carcinogenic human health risk of heavy metals through the ingestion of locally grown and commonly used vegetables viz. Raphanus sativus (root vegetable), Daucus carota (root vegetable), Benincasa hispida (fruit vegetable) and Brassica campestris leaves (leafy vegetable) in a semi-urbanized area of Haryana state, India. Heavy metal quantification of soil and vegetable samples was done using flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Lead, cadmium and nickel concentration in vegetable samples varied in range of 0.12-6.54 mg kg(-1), 0.02-0.67 mg kg(-1) and <0.05-0.41 mg kg(-1), respectively. Cadmium and lead concentration in some vegetable samples exceeded maximum permissible limit given by World Health Organization/Food and Agriculture Organization and Indian standards. Much higher concentrations of Pb (40-190.5 mg kg(-1)), Cd (0.56-9.85 mg kg(-1)) and Ni (3.21-45.87 mg kg(-1)) were reported in corresponding vegetable fields' soils. Correlation analysis revealed the formation of three primary clusters, i.e. Cu-Cd, Cd-Pb and Ni-Zn in vegetable fields' soils further supported by cluster analysis and principal component analysis. Bioconcentration factor revealed that heavy metals' uptake was more by leafy vegetable than root and fruit vegetables. Hazard index of all the vegetables was less than unity; thus, the ingestion of these vegetables is unlikely to pose health risks to the target population.
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Affiliation(s)
- V K Garg
- Centre for Radio-Ecology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, 125001, Haryana, India,
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Ghosh AK, Bhatt MA, Agrawal HP. Effect of long-term application of treated sewage water on heavy metal accumulation in vegetables grown in northern India. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2012; 184:1025-1036. [PMID: 21494830 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-011-2018-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2010] [Accepted: 03/16/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Use of industrial and wastewater for irrigation is on the rise in India and other developing countries because of scarcity of good-quality irrigation water. Wastewaters contain plant nutrients that favour crop growth but leave a burden of heavy metals which can enter the food chain and is a cause of great concern. The present study was undertaken on the long-term impact of irrigation with treated sewage water for growing vegetables and the potential health risk associated with consumption of such vegetable. Treated sewage water (TSW), groundwater (GW), soil and plant samples were collected from peri urban vegetable growing areas of Northern India (Varanasi) and analysed to assess the long-term effect of irrigation with TSW on Cd, Cr, Ni and Pb build-up in soils and its subsequent transfer into commonly grown vegetable crops. Results indicate that TSW was richer in essential plant nutrients but contained Cd, Cr and Ni in amounts well above the permissible limits for its use as irrigation water. Long-term application of TSW resulted in significant build-up of total and DTPA extractable Cd, Cr, Ni and Pb over GW irrigated sites. TSW also resulted in slight lowering in pH, increase in organic carbon (1.6 g kg(-1)) and cation exchange capacity (5.2 cmol kg(-1)). The tissue metal concentration and relative efficiency of transfer of heavy metals from soil to plant (transfer factor) for various groups of vegetables were worked out. Radish, turnip and spinach were grouped as hyper accumulator of heavy metals whereas brinjal and cauliflower accumulated less heavy metals. Health risk assessment by consumption of vegetables grown with TSW indicated that all the vegetables were safe for human consumption. However, significant accumulation of these heavy metals in soil and plant needs to be monitored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amlan Kr Ghosh
- Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India.
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Performance of Compton suppression system (CSS) and applicability in food matrices. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-011-1286-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Asghar S, Khan AKA, Ali SMK, Sayeed MA, Bhowmik B, Diep ML, Shi Z, Hussain A. Incidence of diabetes in Asian-Indian subjects: a five year follow-up study from Bangladesh. Prim Care Diabetes 2011; 5:117-124. [PMID: 21306967 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcd.2011.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2009] [Revised: 05/11/2010] [Accepted: 01/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To determine the incidence of Type 2 diabetes and its risk factors. Further, to examine the effect of relative changes in obesity (BMI and waist circumference). METHODS A sample of 2011 non-diabetic adults aged 20 and above were randomly selected and followed from 1999 to 2004. Fasting blood glucose including biophysical and anthropometric measures was measured. RESULTS The overall 5 year cumulative incidence of diabetes was 16.4 per 1000 person-years and 65.1 per 1000 person-years in those with impaired fasting glucose adjusted for age and sex. Among obesity measures, only waist >85in. increased the risk for diabetes in males (RR=3.0). Relative changes stratified by loss in BMI and WC ≥5% or gain of BMI >15% from the baseline values for men were significantly associated with the incidental cases of diabetes. Increased hip circumference for men was significantly associated with a protective effect while an opposite association was observed for women. CONCLUSION Relative change in both loss and excessive gain of BMI were risks for increased diabetes. Targeted intervention in those with impaired fasting blood glucose will expectedly reduce the incidental cases. Further investigations are needed for non obese related diabetes in Asian Indian subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaheen Asghar
- Inst of Health and Society/Dept. of International Health, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Khan S, Rehman S, Khan AZ, Khan MA, Shah MT. Soil and vegetables enrichment with heavy metals from geological sources in Gilgit, northern Pakistan. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2010; 73:1820-7. [PMID: 20810165 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2010.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2009] [Revised: 08/02/2010] [Accepted: 08/13/2010] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the concentrations of heavy metals in soil and vegetables, and human health risks through ingestion of contaminated vegetables. Soil and vegetable samples were collected from different locations in Gilgit, northern Pakistan, and analyzed for Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn. Plant transfer factors (PTF), daily intake of metals (DIM) and health risk index (HRI) were also calculated. The concentrations of Cd, Cu and Zn exceeded their respective permissible limits in soil samples. The highest concentrations of Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn were observed in the edible parts of Malva neglecta, Brassica oleracea, Mintha sylvestris and Brassica campestris, respectively. PTF values were lower for all the selected heavy metals, except for Cd. Furthermore, the HRI values were within the safe limit (<1) except for Pb; therefore, the health risks of metals through ingestion of vegetables were of great concern in the study area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sardar Khan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan.
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Gilbert M, MacPhail R, Baldwin J, Moser V, Chernoff N. Moderate developmental undernutrition: Impact on growth and cognitive function in youth and old age. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2010; 32:362-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2009.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2009] [Revised: 10/29/2009] [Accepted: 12/21/2009] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Chen ZF, Zhao Y, Zhu Y, Yang X, Qiao J, Tian Q, Zhang Q. Health risks of heavy metals in sewage-irrigated soils and edible seeds in Langfang of Hebei province, China. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2010; 90:314-320. [PMID: 20355048 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.3817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human exposure to heavy metals is attributed to consumption of food crops grown in polluted soil environment. The objective of our study was to assess the health risks of heavy metals in edible seeds of crops grown in sewage-irrigated soils located in the Langfang of Hebei province, China. Here, heavy metal contents in soils and plants were determined using an internal standard and high-resolution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. RESULTS There was a relative buildup of heavy metals in sewage-irrigated soils in the study area; in particular, all Cr and partial Zn and Cu showed higher concentrations than the limits proposed by the World Health Organization, European Union (EU) and UK. Heavy metal concentrations in edible seeds of plants grown in sewage-irrigated soils partly exceeded the permissible limits set by the EU, UK and the State Environmental Protection Administration in China. With the exception of Cu, health risk index values of each heavy metal investigated by intake of the edible seeds were less than 1. Here, a health risk index of < 1 is considered safe for human consumption. CONCLUSION The study indicated that there was a relative absence of health risks associated with the ingestion of sewage-irrigated edible seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Fan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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Reproductive effects of maternal and pre-weaning undernutrition in rat offspring: age at puberty, onset of female reproductive senescence and intergenerational pup growth and viability. Reprod Toxicol 2009; 28:489-94. [PMID: 19539024 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2009.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2009] [Revised: 05/13/2009] [Accepted: 06/05/2009] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Maternal and/or postnatal undernutrition are widespread in human populations and are components of many experimental developmental and reproductive toxicology bio-assays. This study investigated in utero and/or pre-weaning undernutrition effects on reproductive maturation and senescence in the Sprague-Dawley rat as well as potential intergenerational effects. Pregnant rats were given food ad libitum or at 50% of normal dietary intake throughout pregnancy. Their offspring (control or IUGR) were cross-fostered to control dams with litter sizes of 8 or 16 pups (control and undernourished). Offspring body weights were reduced and onset of male puberty slightly delayed in animals from large postnatal litters. Similar body weight effects were observed in females but there was no difference in the age of vaginal opening. Female reproductive senescence as measured by onset of estrus acyclicity occurred at a younger age in IUGR-8-pup and Control-16-pup groups compared to Control-8-pup or IUGR-16-pup groups. Females were bred to control males and no evidence of adverse reproductive effects was found in any F2 groups. The offspring of the F1 generation did not show an intergenerational effect as documented in humans.
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Fett CA, Fett WCR, Padovan GJ, Marchini JS. Mudanças no estilo de vida e fatores de risco para doenças crônicas não transmissíveis e sistema imune de mulheres sedentárias. REV NUTR 2009. [DOI: 10.1590/s1415-52732009000200007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJETIVO: Observar os efeitos de dois meses de um programa de reeducação de hábitos sobre variáveis do sistema imunológico e de risco para doenças crônicas não transmissíveis e as associações destas entre si e com a composição corporal. MÉTODOS: Cinqüenta mulheres sedentárias, com idade de 36 anos (DP=10), e índice de massa corporal de 31kg/m² (DP=12) participaram do estudo. Foram avaliados a composição corporal (antropometria e bioimpedância), o hemograma, o perfil lipídico, as concentrações plasmáticas das vitaminas A, C, betacaroteno, do zinco, do ácido úrico e da glicemia. O treinamento consistia de circuito de peso ou caminhada por 1h, três vezes por semana no primeiro mês e 1h, quatro vezes por semana no segundo mês, mais reeducação alimentar. RESULTADOS: A gordura corporal, as concentrações plasmáticas do ácido úrico, do colesterol total e da lipoproteína de alta densidade foram significativamente reduzidas. Os triglicérides, a lipoproteína de baixa densidade e as variáveis do sistema imunológico não foram alterados. O zinco não foi associado a qualquer variável. Os glóbulos brancos, os linfócitos, as plaquetas e a vitamina C foram positivamente associados à gordura corporal e negativamente, quando divididos pela massa corporal (kg). O colesterol total e a lipoproteína de baixa densidade divididos pela concentração de vitamina A e do betacaroteno foram negativamente correlacionados à gordura corporal. A vitamina C teve a maior correlação com outros fatores bioquímicos de risco. CONCLUSÃO: Houve redução dos fatores de risco para doenças crônicas não transmissíveis, mas não nos marcadores do sistema imunológico. O aumento da gordura corporal foi associado negativamente aos marcadores do sistema imunológico e das vitaminas.
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Waszkowiak K, Szymandera-Buszka K. Effect of storage conditions on potassium iodide stability in iodised table salt and collagen preparations. Int J Food Sci Technol 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2007.01538.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Khan S, Cao Q, Zheng YM, Huang YZ, Zhu YG. Health risks of heavy metals in contaminated soils and food crops irrigated with wastewater in Beijing, China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2008; 152:686-92. [PMID: 17720286 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2007.06.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 875] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2007] [Revised: 06/23/2007] [Accepted: 06/26/2007] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Consumption of food crops contaminated with heavy metals is a major food chain route for human exposure. We studied the health risks of heavy metals in contaminated food crops irrigated with wastewater. Results indicate that there is a substantial buildup of heavy metals in wastewater-irrigated soils, collected from Beijing, China. Heavy metal concentrations in plants grown in wastewater-irrigated soils were significantly higher (P<or=0.001) than in plants grown in the reference soil, and exceeded the permissible limits set by the State Environmental Protection Administration (SEPA) in China and the World Health Organization (WHO). Furthermore, this study highlights that both adults and children consuming food crops grown in wastewater-irrigated soils ingest significant amount of the metals studied. However, health risk index values of less than 1 indicate a relative absence of health risks associated with the ingestion of contaminated vegetables.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Khan
- Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Road, Beijing 100085, China
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Freitas MC, Pacheco AMG, Bacchi MA, Dionísio I, Landsberger S, Braisted J, Fernandes EAN. Compton suppression instrumental neutron activation analysis performance in determining trace- and minor-element contents in foodstuff. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-007-0424-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Elemental contents in hair of children from Zanzibar in Tanzania as bio-indicator of their nutritional status. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-007-0420-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Jeremiah ZA, Buseri FI, Uko EK. Iron deficiency anaemia and evaluation of the utility of iron deficiency indicators among healthy Nigerian children. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 12:249-53. [PMID: 17558702 DOI: 10.1080/110245330601111821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The hemoglobin (Hb), serum iron (SI), total iron binding capacity (TIBC), transferrin saturation (TS) and serum ferritin (SF) values of 240 apparently healthy children were determined in a prospective cross-sectional study conducted in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. Standard colorimetric and enzyme immunoassay procedures were used for the estimation all variables. The mean values of all parameters in this study population were; Hb (11.2 +/- 1.83 gldl), TIBC (361.4 +/- 245.7 ugldl, log(c) SI (1.807 +/- 0.45), log(c) SF (1.51 +/- 0.47) and TS (29.3 +/- 18.5%). There was an age-dependent statistical significant difference in the Hb, TIBC and TS values (P < 0.01). Sex was not found to exert any significant influence on the parameters except TIBC. TS had the highest sensitivity and efficiency values of 48 and 95%, respectively. Positive predictive value (PPV), likelihood ratio (LR(+)) and post-test probability values were highest with SF (58%, 3.3 and 62.2%, respectively) as a diagnostic indicator. Hb values correlated positively and significantly with TS (P < 0.01), log(c) SI and log(c) SF concentrations (P < 0.05). Log(c) SF also correlated positively and significantly with Hb and TIBC (P < 0.05). The overall prevalence of iron deficiency anaemia among these children was 33.75%. We conclude that there is a high prevalence of iron deficiency anaemia among apparently healthy children under the age of five years in this part of the world and these results may justify the need for the introduction of a broad intervention programme for this highly vulnerable group. This study is also in support of the hypothesis that SF is the best test for diagnosing or excluding iron deficiency anaemia. The combination of SF, Hb and TS determinations may prove more useful in a resource-limited moderate setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaccheaus A Jeremiah
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Rivers State University of Science & Technology, Nkpolu-Oroworukwo, Port Harcourt, Nigeria.
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Abstract
Vitamins are essential to life. Inadequate eating habits, high caloric intake and metabolic defects lead to micronutrient deficiencies, affecting more than two billion people worldwide. The increasing intake of industrialized foods, combined with low vitamin stability has led to the common practice of adding these nutrients to processed foods. This review discusses the terminology, availability, intake and risk of hypervitaminosis, due to the intake and nutritional importance of foods fortified with vitamins. The addition of nutrients should occur in foods that are effectively consumed by the target population and must meet the real needs of a significant segment of the population. In Brazil, a total of 166 products available in supermarkets are vitamin-enriched. A 10-year study involving children and adolescents in Germany showed that 90% of those surveyed used at least one fortified food. During this 10-year period, 472 fortified products were consumed. The enrichment of foods should be based on the needs of each country and, if possible, regional needs. For instance, in order to increase its intake, Vitamin D is added to foods in Denmark during the winter, mainly for the elderly. However, in Brazil, there is no evidence of the need to fortify food with this vitamin. A survey showed that of the 76 enriched dairy products, 37 contained vitamin D. Food-fortification is a very important strategy to solve nutritional deficiency problems, but it can also cause many health problems.
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