1
|
Masuda A, Nishida K, Ajima R, Saga Y, Bakhtan M, Klar A, Hirata T, Zhu Y. A global gene regulatory program and its region-specific regulator partition neurons into commissural and ipsilateral projection types. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadk2149. [PMID: 38781326 PMCID: PMC11114196 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adk2149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the genetic programs that drive neuronal diversification into classes and subclasses is key to understand nervous system development. All neurons can be classified into two types: commissural and ipsilateral, based on whether their axons cross the midline or not. However, the gene regulatory program underlying this binary division is poorly understood. We identified a pair of basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors, Nhlh1 and Nhlh2, as a global transcriptional mechanism that controls the laterality of all floor plate-crossing commissural axons in mice. Mechanistically, Nhlh1/2 play an essential role in the expression of Robo3, the key guidance molecule for commissural axon projections. This genetic program appears to be evolutionarily conserved in chick. We further discovered that Isl1, primarily expressed in ipsilateral neurons within neural tubes, negatively regulates the Robo3 induction by Nhlh1/2. Our findings elucidate a gene regulatory strategy where a conserved global mechanism intersects with neuron class-specific regulators to control the partitioning of neurons based on axon laterality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aki Masuda
- National Institute of Genetics, Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Sokendai, Yata 1111, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Nishida
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1010, Japan
| | - Rieko Ajima
- National Institute of Genetics, Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Sokendai, Yata 1111, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan
| | - Yumiko Saga
- National Institute of Genetics, Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Sokendai, Yata 1111, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan
| | - Marah Bakhtan
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, IMRIC, Hebrew University - Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Avihu Klar
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, IMRIC, Hebrew University - Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Tatsumi Hirata
- National Institute of Genetics, Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Sokendai, Yata 1111, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan
| | - Yan Zhu
- National Institute of Genetics, Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Sokendai, Yata 1111, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hu L, Liu XY, Zhao L, Hu ZB, Li ZX, Liu WT, Song NN, Hu YQ, Jiang LP, Zhang L, Tao YC, Zhang Q, Chen JY, Lang B, Wang YB, Yue L, Ding YQ. Ventricular Netrin-1 deficiency leads to defective pyramidal decussation and mirror movement in mice. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:343. [PMID: 38760361 PMCID: PMC11101614 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06719-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
The corticospinal tract (CST) is the principal neural pathway responsible for conducting voluntary movement in the vertebrate nervous system. Netrin-1 is a well-known guidance molecule for midline crossing of commissural axons during embryonic development. Families with inherited Netrin-1 mutations display congenital mirror movements (CMM), which are associated with malformations of pyramidal decussation in most cases. Here, we investigated the role of Netrin-1 in CST formation by generating conditional knockout (CKO) mice using a Gfap-driven Cre line. A large proportion of CST axons spread laterally in the ventral medulla oblongata, failed to decussate and descended in the ipsilateral spinal white matter of Ntn1Gfap CKO mice. Netrin-1 mRNA was expressed in the ventral ventricular zone (VZ) and midline, while Netrin-1 protein was transported by radial glial cells to the ventral medulla, through which CST axons pass. The level of transported Netrin-1 protein was significantly reduced in Ntn1Gfap CKO mice. In addition, Ntn1Gfap CKO mice displayed increased symmetric movements. Our findings indicate that VZ-derived Netrin-1 deletion leads to an abnormal trajectory of the CST in the spinal cord due to the failure of CST midline crossing and provides novel evidence supporting the idea that the Netrin-1 signalling pathway is involved in the pathogenesis of CMM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Hu
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Xi-Yue Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Li Zhao
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zhi-Bin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ze-Xuan Li
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Wei-Tang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ning-Ning Song
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yun-Qing Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Luo-Peng Jiang
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, Ministry of Education, East Hospital, and Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yun-Chao Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Qiong Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jia-Yin Chen
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Bing Lang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Yu-Bing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, Ministry of Education, East Hospital, and Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Lei Yue
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, Ministry of Education, East Hospital, and Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yu-Qiang Ding
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Mutalik SP, O'Shaughnessy EC, Ho CT, Gupton SL. TRIM9 controls growth cone responses to netrin through DCC and UNC5C. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.08.593135. [PMID: 38765979 PMCID: PMC11100671 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.08.593135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
The guidance cue netrin-1 promotes both growth cone attraction and growth cone repulsion. How netrin-1 elicits these diverse axonal responses, beyond engaging the attractive receptor DCC and repulsive receptors of the UNC5 family, remains elusive. Here we demonstrate that murine netrin-1 induces biphasic axonal responses in cortical neurons: attraction at lower concentrations and repulsion at higher concentrations using both a microfluidic-based netrin-1 gradient and bath application of netrin-1. TRIM9 is a brain-enriched E3 ubiquitin ligase previously shown to bind and cluster the attractive receptor DCC at the plasma membrane and regulate netrin-dependent attractive responses. However, whether TRIM9 also regulated repulsive responses to netrin-1 remained to be seen. In this study, we show that TRIM9 localizes and interacts with both the attractive netrin receptor DCC and the repulsive netrin receptor, UNC5C, and that deletion of murine Trim9 alters both attractive and repulsive responses to murine netrin-1. TRIM9 was required for netrin-1-dependent changes in surface levels of DCC and total levels of UNC5C in the growth cone during morphogenesis. We demonstrate that DCC at the membrane regulates growth cone area and show that TRIM9 negatively regulates FAK activity in the absence of netrin-1. We investigate membrane dynamics of the UNC5C receptor using pH-mScarlet fused to the extracellular domain of UNC5C. Minutes after netrin addition, levels of UNC5C at the plasma membrane drop in a TRIM9-independent fashion, however TRIM9 regulated the mobility of UNC5C in the plasma membrane in the absence of netrin-1. Together this work demonstrates that TRIM9 interacts with and regulates both DCC and UNC5C during attractive and repulsive axonal responses to netrin-1.
Collapse
|
4
|
Hooper KM, Lundquist EA. Short- and long-range roles of UNC-6/Netrin in dorsal-ventral axon guidance in vivo in Caenorhabditis elegans. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.23.590737. [PMID: 38712249 PMCID: PMC11071391 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.23.590737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Recent studies in vertebrates and Caenorhabditis elegans have reshaped models of how the axon guidance cue UNC-6/Netrin functions in dorsal-ventral axon guidance, which was traditionally thought to form a ventral-to-dorsal concentration gradient that was actively sensed by growing axons. In the vertebrate spinal cord, floorplate Netrin1 was shown to be largely dispensable for ventral commissural growth. Rather, short range interactions with Netrin1 on the ventricular zone radial glial stem cells was shown to guide ventral commissural axon growth. In C. elegans, analysis of dorsally-migrating growth cones during outgrowth has shown that growth cone polarity of filopodial extension is separable from the extent of growth cone protrusion. Growth cones are first polarized by UNC-6/Netrin, and subsequent regulation of protrusion by UNC-6/Netrin is based on this earlier-established polarity (the Polarity/Protrusion model). In both cases, short-range or even haptotactic mechanisms are invoked: in vertebrate spinal cord, interactions of growth cones with radial glia expressing Netrin-1; and in C. elegans, a potential close-range interaction that polarizes the growth cone. To explore potential short-range and long-range functions of UNC-6/Netrin, a potentially membrane-anchored transmembrane UNC-6 (UNC-6(TM)) was generated by genome editing. Unc-6(tm) was hypomorphic for dorsal VD/DD axon pathfinding, indicating that it retained some unc-6 function. Polarity of VD growth cone filopodial protrusion was initially established in unc-6(tm), but was lost as the growth cones migrated away from the unc-6(tm) source in the ventral nerve cord. In contrast, ventral guidance of the AVM and PVM axons was equally severe in unc-6(tm) and unc-6(null). Together, these results suggest that unc-6(tm) retains short-range functions but lacks long-range functions. Finally, ectopic unc-6(+) expression from non-ventral sources could rescue dorsal and ventral guidance defects in unc-6(tm) and unc-6(null). Thus, a ventral directional source of UNC-6 was not required for dorsal-ventral axon guidance, and UNC-6 can act as a permissive, not instructive, cue for dorsal-ventral axon guidance. Possibly, UNC-6 is a permissive signal that activates cell-intrinsic polarity; or UNC-6 acts with another signal that is required in a directional manner. In either case, the role of UNC-6 is to polarize the pro-protrusive activity of UNC-40/DCC in the direction of outgrowth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey M. Hooper
- University of Kansas, Department of Molecular Biosciences, Program in Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology
| | - Erik A. Lundquist
- University of Kansas, Department of Molecular Biosciences, Program in Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Priest JM, Nichols EL, Smock RG, Hopkins JB, Mendoza JL, Meijers R, Shen K, Özkan E. Structural insights into the formation of repulsive netrin guidance complexes. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadj8083. [PMID: 38363837 PMCID: PMC10871540 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adj8083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Netrins dictate attractive and repulsive responses during axon growth and cell migration, where the presence of the receptor Uncoordinated-5 (UNC-5) on target cells results in repulsion. Here, we showed that UNC-5 is a heparin-binding protein, determined its structure bound to a heparin fragment, and could modulate UNC-5-heparin affinity using a directed evolution platform or structure-based rational design. We demonstrated that UNC-5 and UNC-6/netrin form a large, stable, and rigid complex in the presence of heparin, and heparin and UNC-5 exclude the attractive UNC-40/DCC receptor from binding to UNC-6/netrin to a large extent. Caenorhabditis elegans with a heparin-binding-deficient UNC-5 fail to establish proper gonad morphology due to abrogated cell migration, which relies on repulsive UNC-5 signaling in response to UNC-6. Combining UNC-5 mutations targeting heparin and UNC-6/netrin contacts results in complete cell migration and axon guidance defects. Our findings establish repulsive netrin responses to be mediated through a glycosaminoglycan-regulated macromolecular complex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M. Priest
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Institute for Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Ev L. Nichols
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Robert G. Smock
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Hamburg Site, c/o DESY, 22603 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jesse B. Hopkins
- The Biophysics Collaborative Access Team (BioCAT), Argonne National Laboratory, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL 60616, USA
- Department of Physics, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL 60616, USA
| | - Juan L. Mendoza
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Rob Meijers
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Hamburg Site, c/o DESY, 22603 Hamburg, Germany
- Institute for Protein Innovation (IPI), Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kang Shen
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Engin Özkan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Institute for Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wang M, Fan J, Shao Z. Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Synaptic Subcellular Specificity. Brain Sci 2024; 14:155. [PMID: 38391729 PMCID: PMC10886843 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14020155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Chemical synapses are essential for neuronal information storage and relay. The synaptic signal received or sent from spatially distinct subcellular compartments often generates different outcomes due to the distance or physical property difference. Therefore, the final output of postsynaptic neurons is determined not only by the type and intensity of synaptic inputs but also by the synaptic subcellular location. How synaptic subcellular specificity is determined has long been the focus of study in the neurodevelopment field. Genetic studies from invertebrates such as Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) have uncovered important molecular and cellular mechanisms required for subcellular specificity. Interestingly, similar molecular mechanisms were found in the mammalian cerebellum, hippocampus, and cerebral cortex. This review summarizes the comprehensive advances in the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying synaptic subcellular specificity, focusing on studies from C. elegans and rodents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengqing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 131 Dong An Rd, Research Building B4017, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jiale Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 131 Dong An Rd, Research Building B4017, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhiyong Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 131 Dong An Rd, Research Building B4017, Shanghai 200032, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Collins Hutchinson ML, St-Onge J, Schlienger S, Boudrahem-Addour N, Mougharbel L, Michaud JF, Lloyd C, Bruneau E, Roux C, Sahly AN, Osterman B, Myers KA, Rouleau GA, Jimenez Cruz DA, Rivière JB, Accogli A, Charron F, Srour M. Defining the Genetic Landscape of Congenital Mirror Movements in 80 Affected Individuals. Mov Disord 2024; 39:400-410. [PMID: 38314870 DOI: 10.1002/mds.29669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Congenital mirror movements (CMM) is a rare neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by involuntary movements from one side of the body that mirror voluntary movements on the opposite side. To date, five genes have been associated with CMM, namely DCC, RAD51, NTN1, ARHGEF7, and DNAL4. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to characterize the genetic landscape of CMM in a large group of 80 affected individuals. METHODS We screened 80 individuals with CMM from 43 families for pathogenic variants in CMM genes. In large CMM families, we tested for presence of pathogenic variants in multiple affected and unaffected individuals. In addition, we evaluated the impact of three missense DCC variants on binding between DCC and Netrin-1 in vitro. RESULTS Causal pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants were found in 35% of probands overall, and 70% with familial CMM. The most common causal gene was DCC, responsible for 28% of CMM probands and 80% of solved cases. RAD51, NTN1, and ARHGEF7 were rare causes of CMM, responsible for 2% each. Penetrance of CMM in DCC pathogenic variant carriers was 68% and higher in males than females (74% vs. 54%). The three tested missense variants (p.Ile164Thr; p.Asn176Ser; and p.Arg1343His) bind Netrin-1 similarly to wild type DCC. CONCLUSIONS A genetic etiology can be identified in one third of CMM individuals, with DCC being the most common gene involved. Two thirds of CMM individuals were unsolved, highlighting that CMM is genetically heterogeneous and other CMM genes are yet to be discovered. © 2024 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meagan L Collins Hutchinson
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Judith St-Onge
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | | | - Lina Mougharbel
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Clara Lloyd
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Elena Bruneau
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Cedric Roux
- Bioinformatics Platform, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ahmed N Sahly
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Neurology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Neurosciences, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bradley Osterman
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Neurology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Kenneth A Myers
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Neurology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Guy A Rouleau
- Montréal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Jean-Baptiste Rivière
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Specialized Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Andrea Accogli
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Specialized Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Frederic Charron
- Montreal Clinical Research Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Myriam Srour
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Neurology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Bui DT, Ton ANV, Nguyen CTD, Nguyen SH, Tran HK, Nguyen XT, Nguyen HT, Pham GLT, Tran DS, Harrington J, Pham HN, Pham TNV, Cao TA. Pathogenic/likely pathogenic mutations identified in Vietnamese children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder using high-resolution SNP genotyping platform. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2360. [PMID: 38287090 PMCID: PMC10825208 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52777-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Among the most prevalent neurodevelopmental disorders, Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is highly diverse showing a broad phenotypic spectrum. ASD also couples with a broad range of mutations, both de novo and inherited. In this study, we used a proprietary SNP genotyping chip to analyze the genomic DNA of 250 Vietnamese children diagnosed with ASD. Our Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) genotyping chip directly targets more than 800 thousand SNPs in the genome. Our primary focus was to identify pathogenic/likely pathogenic mutations that are potentially linked to more severe symptoms of autism. We identified and validated 23 pathogenic/likely pathogenic mutations in this initial study. The data shows that these mutations were detected in several cases spanning multiple biological pathways. Among the confirmed SNPs, mutations were identified in genes previously known to be strongly associated with ASD such as SLCO1B1, ACADSB, TCF4, HCP5, MOCOS, SRD5A2, MCCC2, DCC, and PRKN while several other mutations are known to associate with autistic traits or other neurodevelopmental disorders. Some mutations were found in multiple patients and some patients carried multiple pathogenic/likely pathogenic mutations. These findings contribute to the identification of potential targets for therapeutic solutions in what is considered a genetically heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Duyen T Bui
- Genetica Research Foundation, National Innovation Center, Hanoi, Vietnam.
- Gene Friend Way Inc, San Francisco, USA.
| | - Anh N V Ton
- Pediatric Center Hue Central Hospital, Hue City, Thua Thien Hue, Vietnam
- Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Thua Thien Hue, Vietnam
| | - Chi T D Nguyen
- Pediatric Center Hue Central Hospital, Hue City, Thua Thien Hue, Vietnam
| | - Son H Nguyen
- Pediatric Center Hue Central Hospital, Hue City, Thua Thien Hue, Vietnam
| | - Hao K Tran
- Pediatric Center Hue Central Hospital, Hue City, Thua Thien Hue, Vietnam
| | - Xuan T Nguyen
- Pediatric Center Hue Central Hospital, Hue City, Thua Thien Hue, Vietnam
| | - Hang T Nguyen
- Genetica Research Foundation, National Innovation Center, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Gene Friend Way Inc, San Francisco, USA
| | - Giang L T Pham
- Genetica Research Foundation, National Innovation Center, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Gene Friend Way Inc, San Francisco, USA
| | - Dong S Tran
- Genetica Research Foundation, National Innovation Center, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Gene Friend Way Inc, San Francisco, USA
| | - Jillian Harrington
- Genetica Research Foundation, National Innovation Center, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Gene Friend Way Inc, San Francisco, USA
| | - Hiep N Pham
- Pediatric Center Hue Central Hospital, Hue City, Thua Thien Hue, Vietnam
| | - Tuyen N V Pham
- Pediatric Center Hue Central Hospital, Hue City, Thua Thien Hue, Vietnam
| | - Tuan A Cao
- Genetica Research Foundation, National Innovation Center, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Gene Friend Way Inc, San Francisco, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Gavrish M, Kustova A, Celis Suescún JC, Bessa P, Mitina N, Tarabykin V. Molecular mechanisms of corpus callosum development: a four-step journey. Front Neuroanat 2024; 17:1276325. [PMID: 38298831 PMCID: PMC10827913 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2023.1276325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The Corpus Callosum (CC) is a bundle of axons connecting the cerebral hemispheres. It is the most recent structure to have appeared during evolution of placental mammals. Its development is controlled by a very complex interplay of many molecules. In humans it contains almost 80% of all commissural axons in the brain. The formation of the CC can be divided into four main stages, each controlled by numerous intracellular and extracellular molecular factors. First, a newborn neuron has to specify an axon, leave proliferative compartments, the Ventricular Zone (VZ) and Subventricular Zone (SVZ), migrate through the Intermediate Zone (IZ), and then settle at the Cortical Plate (CP). During the second stage, callosal axons navigate toward the midline within a compact bundle. Next stage is the midline crossing into contralateral hemisphere. The last step is targeting a defined area and synapse formation. This review provides an insight into these four phases of callosal axons development, as well as a description of the main molecular players involved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Gavrish
- Laboratory of Genetics of Brain Development, Research Institute of Neurosciences, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Angelina Kustova
- Laboratory of Genetics of Brain Development, Research Institute of Neurosciences, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Juan C. Celis Suescún
- Laboratory of Genetics of Brain Development, Research Institute of Neurosciences, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Paraskevi Bessa
- Charité Hospital, Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Natalia Mitina
- Laboratory of Genetics of Brain Development, Research Institute of Neurosciences, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Victor Tarabykin
- Charité Hospital, Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Anggraini D, Zhang T, Liu X, Okano K, Tanaka Y, Inagaki N, Li M, Hosokawa Y, Yamada S, Yalikun Y. Guided axon outgrowth of neurons by molecular gradients generated from femtosecond laser-fabricated micro-holes. Talanta 2024; 267:125200. [PMID: 37738745 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Transplantation of scaffold-embedded guided neurons has been reported to increase neuronal regeneration following brain injury. However, precise axonal integration between host and transplant neurons to form functional synapses remains a major problem. Thus, a high-precision tool to actuate neuronal axon outgrowth in real-time conditions is required to attain robust axon regeneration. This study aims to establish a microfluidic platform for precise and real-time axon outgrowth guidance. METHODS A microfluidic device with a 4 μm thick thin-glass sheet as the neuron culture substrate is fabricated. Surface of the glass sheet is chemically modified to facilitate neuron attachment. Femtosecond (fs) laser is used to engrave the glass sheet to achieve micro-holes, where netrin-1 is released for directing the movement of the neuronal axon. RESULTS Numerical simulation and experimental data demonstrate that netrin-1 gradient is formed after it passes through the micro-hole. The neuronal response results show the outgrowth rate of the axon is significantly increased by netrin-1 gradient. Furthermore, a majority of neuronal axons exhibit guided outgrowth characterized by positive turning angles of axon displacement in the direction of netrin-1 gradients. CONCLUSION Integrating fs laser and microfluidic device facilitates controlled and instantaneous axon outgrowth in a non-invasive manner. SIGNIFICANCE The developed real-time microfluidic platform shows potential in the application for on-site neuronal transplantation, which is significant for the treatment of a range of neurological disorders and injuries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dian Anggraini
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, 630-0192, Japan
| | - Tianlong Zhang
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212100, China
| | - Xun Liu
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, 630-0192, Japan
| | - Kazunori Okano
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, 630-0192, Japan
| | - Yo Tanaka
- Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), RIKEN, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Inagaki
- Division of Biological Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, 630-0192, Japan
| | - Ming Li
- School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, 2122, Australia
| | - Yoichiroh Hosokawa
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, 630-0192, Japan
| | - Sohei Yamada
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, 630-0192, Japan.
| | - Yaxiaer Yalikun
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, 630-0192, Japan; Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), RIKEN, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Huang H, Majumder T, Khot B, Suriyaarachchi H, Yang T, Shao Q, Tirukovalluru S, Liu G. The role of microtubule-associated protein tau in netrin-1 attractive signaling. J Cell Sci 2024; 137:jcs261244. [PMID: 38197773 PMCID: PMC10906489 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.261244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Direct binding of netrin receptors with dynamic microtubules (MTs) in the neuronal growth cone plays an important role in netrin-mediated axon guidance. However, how netrin-1 (NTN1) regulates MT dynamics in axon turning remains a major unanswered question. Here, we show that the coupling of netrin-1 receptor DCC with tau (MAPT)-regulated MTs is involved in netrin-1-promoted axon attraction. Tau directly interacts with DCC and partially overlaps with DCC in the growth cone of primary neurons. Netrin-1 induces this interaction and the colocalization of DCC and tau in the growth cone. The netrin-1-induced interaction of tau with DCC relies on MT dynamics and TUBB3, a highly dynamic β-tubulin isotype in developing neurons. Netrin-1 increased cosedimentation of DCC with tau and TUBB3 in MTs, and knockdown of either tau or TUBB3 mutually blocked this effect. Downregulation of endogenous tau levels by tau shRNAs inhibited netrin-1-induced axon outgrowth, branching and commissural axon attraction in vitro, and led to defects in spinal commissural axon projection in vivo. These findings suggest that tau is a key MT-associated protein coupling DCC with MT dynamics in netrin-1-promoted axon attraction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huai Huang
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, M. S. 601, 2801 W. Bancroft St., Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - Tanushree Majumder
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, M. S. 601, 2801 W. Bancroft St., Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - Bhakti Khot
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, M. S. 601, 2801 W. Bancroft St., Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - Harindi Suriyaarachchi
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, M. S. 601, 2801 W. Bancroft St., Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - Tao Yang
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, M. S. 601, 2801 W. Bancroft St., Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - Qiangqiang Shao
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, M. S. 601, 2801 W. Bancroft St., Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - Shraddha Tirukovalluru
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, M. S. 601, 2801 W. Bancroft St., Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - Guofa Liu
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, M. S. 601, 2801 W. Bancroft St., Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Smith CS, Álvarez Z, Qiu R, Sasselli IR, Clemons T, Ortega JA, Vilela-Picos M, Wellman H, Kiskinis E, Stupp SI. Enhanced Neuron Growth and Electrical Activity by a Supramolecular Netrin-1 Mimetic Nanofiber. ACS NANO 2023; 17:19887-19902. [PMID: 37793046 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c04572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Neurotrophic factors are essential not only for guiding the organization of the developing nervous system but also for supporting the survival and growth of neurons after traumatic injury. In the central nervous system (CNS), inhibitory factors and the formation of a glial scar after injury hinder the functional recovery of neurons, requiring exogenous therapies to promote regeneration. Netrin-1, a neurotrophic factor, can initiate axon guidance, outgrowth, and branching, as well as synaptogenesis, through activation of deleted in colorectal cancer (DCC) receptors. We report here the development of a nanofiber-shaped supramolecular mimetic of netrin-1 with monomers that incorporate a cyclic peptide sequence as the bioactive component. The mimetic structure was found to activate the DCC receptor in primary cortical neurons using low molar ratios of the bioactive comonomer. The supramolecular nanofibers enhanced neurite outgrowth and upregulated maturation as well as pre- and postsynaptic markers over time, resulting in differences in electrical activity similar to neurons treated with the recombinant netrin-1 protein. The results suggest the possibility of using the supramolecular structure as a therapeutic to promote regenerative bioactivity in CNS injuries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cara S Smith
- Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Zaida Álvarez
- Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
- Biomaterials for Neural Regeneration, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Ruomeng Qiu
- Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Ivan R Sasselli
- Centro de Fisica de Materiales (CFM), CSIC-UPV/EHU, San Sebastián 20018, Spain
| | - Tristan Clemons
- Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - J Alberto Ortega
- Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
- The Ken & Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona 08907, Spain
| | - Marcos Vilela-Picos
- Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
| | - Haley Wellman
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Evangelos Kiskinis
- Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
- The Ken & Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
| | - Samuel I Stupp
- Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Martínez-Mármol R, Muhaisen A, Cotrufo T, Roselló-Busquets C, Ros O, Hernaiz-Llorens M, Pérez-Branguli F, Andrés RM, Parcerisas A, Pascual M, Ulloa F, Soriano E. Syntaxin-1 is necessary for UNC5A-C/Netrin-1-dependent macropinocytosis and chemorepulsion. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1253954. [PMID: 37829513 PMCID: PMC10565356 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1253954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Brain connectivity requires correct axonal guidance to drive axons to their appropriate targets. This process is orchestrated by guidance cues that exert attraction or repulsion to developing axons. However, the intricacies of the cellular machinery responsible for the correct response of growth cones are just being unveiled. Netrin-1 is a bifunctional molecule involved in axon pathfinding and cell migration that induces repulsion during postnatal cerebellar development. This process is mediated by UNC5 homolog receptors located on external granule layer (EGL) tracts. Methods Biochemical, imaging and cell biology techniques, as well as syntaxin-1A/B (Stx1A/B) knock-out mice were used in primary cultures and brain explants. Results and discussion Here, we demonstrate that this response is characterized by enhanced membrane internalization through macropinocytosis, but not clathrin-mediated endocytosis. We show that UNC5A, UNC5B, and UNC5C receptors form a protein complex with the t-SNARE syntaxin-1. By combining botulinum neurotoxins, an shRNA knock-down strategy and Stx1 knock-out mice, we demonstrate that this SNARE protein is required for Netrin1-induced macropinocytosis and chemorepulsion, suggesting that Stx1 is crucial in regulating Netrin-1-mediated axonal guidance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ramón Martínez-Mármol
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology and Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Ashraf Muhaisen
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology and Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED-CIBER), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Tiziana Cotrufo
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology and Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED-CIBER), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Roselló-Busquets
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology and Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oriol Ros
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology and Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marc Hernaiz-Llorens
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology and Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Pérez-Branguli
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology and Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
- IZKF Junior Research Group and BMBF Research Group Neuroscience, IZKF, Friedrich-Alexander-Universitaet Erlangen-Nuernberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Rosa Maria Andrés
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology and Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED-CIBER), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antoni Parcerisas
- Tissue Repair and Regeneration Laboratory (TR2Lab), Institut de Recerca i Innovació en Ciències de la Vida i de la Salut a la Catalunya Central (IRIS-CC), Vic, Spain
- Biosciences Department, Faculty of Sciences, Technology and Engineerings, University of Vic - Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), Vic, Spain
| | - Marta Pascual
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology and Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED-CIBER), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fausto Ulloa
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology and Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED-CIBER), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduardo Soriano
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology and Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED-CIBER), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Taskinen JH, Ruhanen H, Matysik S, Käkelä R, Olkkonen VM. Systemwide effects of ER-intracellular membrane contact site disturbance in primary endothelial cells. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2023; 232:106349. [PMID: 37321512 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2023.106349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Membrane contact sites (MCS) make up a crucial route of inter-organelle non-vesicular transport within the cell. Multiple proteins are involved in this process, which includes the ER-resident proteins vesicle associated membrane protein associated protein A and -B (VAPA/B) that form MCS between the ER and other membrane compartments. Currently most functional data on VAP depleted phenotypes have shown alterations in lipid homeostasis, induction of ER stress, dysfunction of UPR and autophagy, as well as neurodegeneration. Literature on concurrent silencing of VAPA/B is still sparse; therefore, we investigated how it affects the macromolecule pools of primary endothelial cells. Our transcriptomics results showed significant upregulation in genes related to inflammation, ER and Golgi dysfunction, ER stress, cell adhesion, as well as Coat Protein Complex-I and -II (COP-I, COP-II) vesicle transport. Genes related to cellular division were downregulated, as well as key genes of lipid and sterol biosynthesis. Lipidomics analyses revealed reductions in cholesteryl esters, very long chain highly unsaturated and saturated lipids, whereas increases in free cholesterol and relatively short chain unsaturated lipids were evident. Furthermore, the knockdown resulted in an inhibition of angiogenesis in vitro. We speculate that ER MCS depletion has led to multifaceted outcomes, which include elevated ER free cholesterol content and ER stress, alterations in lipid metabolism, ER-Golgi function and vesicle transport, which have led to a reduction in angiogenesis. The silencing also induced an inflammatory response, consistent with upregulation of markers of early atherogenesis. To conclude, ER MCS mediated by VAPA/B play a crucial role in maintaining cholesterol traffic and sustain normal endothelial functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juuso H Taskinen
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Tukholmankatu 8, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hanna Ruhanen
- Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 1, PO BOX 65, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland; Helsinki University Lipidomics Unit (HiLIPID), Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE) and Biocenter Finland, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 1, PO BOX 65, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Silke Matysik
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Reijo Käkelä
- Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 1, PO BOX 65, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland; Helsinki University Lipidomics Unit (HiLIPID), Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE) and Biocenter Finland, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 1, PO BOX 65, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Vesa M Olkkonen
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Tukholmankatu 8, 00290 Helsinki, Finland; Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00290 Helsinki, Finland.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Reynolds LM, Hernandez G, MacGowan D, Popescu C, Nouel D, Cuesta S, Burke S, Savell KE, Zhao J, Restrepo-Lozano JM, Giroux M, Israel S, Orsini T, He S, Wodzinski M, Avramescu RG, Pokinko M, Epelbaum JG, Niu Z, Pantoja-Urbán AH, Trudeau LÉ, Kolb B, Day JJ, Flores C. Amphetamine disrupts dopamine axon growth in adolescence by a sex-specific mechanism in mice. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4035. [PMID: 37419977 PMCID: PMC10329029 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39665-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Initiating drug use during adolescence increases the risk of developing addiction or other psychopathologies later in life, with long-term outcomes varying according to sex and exact timing of use. The cellular and molecular underpinnings explaining this differential sensitivity to detrimental drug effects remain unexplained. The Netrin-1/DCC guidance cue system segregates cortical and limbic dopamine pathways in adolescence. Here we show that amphetamine, by dysregulating Netrin-1/DCC signaling, triggers ectopic growth of mesolimbic dopamine axons to the prefrontal cortex, only in early-adolescent male mice, underlying a male-specific vulnerability to enduring cognitive deficits. In adolescent females, compensatory changes in Netrin-1 protect against the deleterious consequences of amphetamine on dopamine connectivity and cognitive outcomes. Netrin-1/DCC signaling functions as a molecular switch which can be differentially regulated by the same drug experience as function of an individual's sex and adolescent age, and lead to divergent long-term outcomes associated with vulnerable or resilient phenotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M Reynolds
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Plasticité du Cerveau CNRS UMR8249, École supérieure de physique et de chimie industrielles de la Ville de Paris (ESPCI Paris), Paris, France
| | | | - Del MacGowan
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Christina Popescu
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Dominique Nouel
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Santiago Cuesta
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Samuel Burke
- CNS Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Katherine E Savell
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Janet Zhao
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Jose Maria Restrepo-Lozano
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Michel Giroux
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Sonia Israel
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Taylor Orsini
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Susan He
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Radu G Avramescu
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Matthew Pokinko
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Julia G Epelbaum
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Zhipeng Niu
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Andrea Harée Pantoja-Urbán
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Louis-Éric Trudeau
- CNS Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Bryan Kolb
- Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Jeremy J Day
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Cecilia Flores
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, QC, Canada.
- Department of Psychiatry and Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Teixeira-Castro A, Sousa JC, Vieira C, Pereira-Sousa J, Vilasboas-Campos D, Marques F, Pinto-do-Ó P, Maciel P. Learning the Biochemical Basis of Axonal Guidance: Using Caenorhabditis elegans as a Model. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1731. [PMID: 37371826 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11061731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Experimental models are a powerful aid in visualizing molecular phenomena. This work reports how the worm Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) can be effectively explored for students to learn how molecular cues dramatically condition axonal guidance and define nervous system structure and behavior at the organism level. Summary of work: A loosely oriented observational activity preceded detailed discussions on molecules implied in axonal migration. C. elegans mutants were used to introduce second-year medical students to the deleterious effects of gene malfunctioning in neuron response to extracellular biochemical cues and to establish links between molecular function, nervous system structure, and animal behavior. Students observed C. elegans cultures and associated animal behavior alterations with the lack of function of specific axon guidance molecules (the soluble cue netrin/UNC-6 or two receptors, DCC/UNC-40 and UNC-5H). Microscopical observations of these strains, in combination with pan-neuronal GFP expression, allowed optimal visualization of severely affected neurons. Once the list of mutated genes in each strain was displayed, students could also relate abnormal patterns in axon migration/ventral and dorsal nerve cord neuron formation in C. elegans with mutated molecular components homologous to those in humans. SUMMARY OF RESULTS Students rated the importance and effectiveness of the activity very highly. Ninety-three percent found it helpful to grasp human axonal migration, and all students were surprised with the power of the model in helping to visualize the phenomenon.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreia Teixeira-Castro
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4806-909 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - João Carlos Sousa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4806-909 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Cármen Vieira
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4806-909 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Joana Pereira-Sousa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4806-909 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Daniela Vilasboas-Campos
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4806-909 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Fernanda Marques
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4806-909 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Perpétua Pinto-do-Ó
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Maciel
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4806-909 Guimarães, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Nickerson KR, Tom I, Cortés E, Abolafia JR, Özkan E, Gonzalez LC, Jaworski A. WFIKKN2 is a bifunctional axon guidance cue that signals through divergent DCC family receptors. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.15.544950. [PMID: 37398498 PMCID: PMC10312737 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.15.544950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Axon pathfinding is controlled by attractive and repulsive molecular cues that activate receptors on the axonal growth cone, but the full repertoire of axon guidance molecules remains unknown. The vertebrate DCC receptor family contains the two closely related members DCC and Neogenin with prominent roles in axon guidance and three additional, divergent members - Punc, Nope, and Protogenin - for which functions in neural circuit formation have remained elusive. We identified a secreted Punc/Nope/Protogenin ligand, WFIKKN2, which guides mouse peripheral sensory axons through Nope-mediated repulsion. In contrast, WFIKKN2 attracts motor axons, but not via Nope. These findings identify WFIKKN2 as a bifunctional axon guidance cue that acts through divergent DCC family members, revealing a remarkable diversity of ligand interactions for this receptor family in nervous system wiring. One-Sentence Summary WFIKKN2 is a ligand for the DCC family receptors Punc, Nope, and Prtg that repels sensory axons and attracts motor axons.
Collapse
|
18
|
Schlienger S, Yam PT, Balekoglu N, Ducuing H, Michaud JF, Makihara S, Kramer DK, Chen B, Fasano A, Berardelli A, Hamdan FF, Rouleau GA, Srour M, Charron F. Genetics of mirror movements identifies a multifunctional complex required for Netrin-1 guidance and lateralization of motor control. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadd5501. [PMID: 37172092 PMCID: PMC10181192 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.add5501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Mirror movements (MM) disorder is characterized by involuntary movements on one side of the body that mirror intentional movements on the opposite side. We performed genetic characterization of a family with autosomal dominant MM and identified ARHGEF7, a RhoGEF, as a candidate MM gene. We found that Arhgef7 and its partner Git1 bind directly to Dcc. Dcc is the receptor for Netrin-1, an axon guidance cue that attracts commissural axons to the midline, promoting the midline crossing of axon tracts. We show that Arhgef7 and Git1 are required for Netrin-1-mediated axon guidance and act as a multifunctional effector complex. Arhgef7/Git1 activates Rac1 and Cdc42 and inhibits Arf1 downstream of Netrin-1. Furthermore, Arhgef7/Git1, via Arf1, mediates the Netrin-1-induced increase in cell surface Dcc. Mice heterozygous for Arhgef7 have defects in commissural axon trajectories and increased symmetrical paw placements during skilled walking, a MM-like phenotype. Thus, we have delineated how ARHGEF7 mutation causes MM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Schlienger
- Montreal Clinical Research Institute (IRCM), 110 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada
| | - Patricia T. Yam
- Montreal Clinical Research Institute (IRCM), 110 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Nursen Balekoglu
- Montreal Clinical Research Institute (IRCM), 110 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Hugo Ducuing
- Montreal Clinical Research Institute (IRCM), 110 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Jean-Francois Michaud
- Montreal Clinical Research Institute (IRCM), 110 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Shirin Makihara
- Montreal Clinical Research Institute (IRCM), 110 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Daniel K. Kramer
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Baoyu Chen
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Alfonso Fasano
- Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease, Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, UHN, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Neurology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Krembil Brain Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Alfredo Berardelli
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (IS), Italy
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Fadi F. Hamdan
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, CHU Sainte-Justine and University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T1C5, Canada
| | - Guy A. Rouleau
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, CHU Sainte-Justine and University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T1C5, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Myriam Srour
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Neurology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
- McGill University Health Center Research Institute, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Frederic Charron
- Montreal Clinical Research Institute (IRCM), 110 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Koss KM, Son T, Li C, Hao Y, Cao J, Churchward MA, Zhang ZJ, Wertheim JA, Derda R, Todd KG. Toward discovering a novel family of peptides targeting neuroinflammatory states of brain microglia and astrocytes. J Neurochem 2023:10.1111/jnc.15840. [PMID: 37171455 PMCID: PMC10640667 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Microglia are immune-derived cells critical to the development and healthy function of the brain and spinal cord, yet are implicated in the active pathology of many neuropsychiatric disorders. A range of functional phenotypes associated with the healthy brain or disease states has been suggested from in vivo work and were modeled in vitro as surveying, reactive, and primed sub-types of primary rat microglia and mixed microglia/astrocytes. It was hypothesized that the biomolecular profile of these cells undergoes a phenotypical change as well, and these functional phenotypes were explored for potential novel peptide binders using a custom 7 amino acid-presenting M13 phage library (SX7) to identify unique peptides that bind differentially to these respective cell types. Surveying glia were untreated, reactive were induced with a lipopolysaccharide treatment, recovery was modeled with a potent anti-inflammatory treatment dexamethasone, and priming was determined by subsequently challenging the cells with interferon gamma. Microglial function was profiled by determining the secretion of cytokines and nitric oxide, and expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase. After incubation with the SX7 phage library, populations of SX7-positive microglia and/or astrocytes were collected using fluorescence-activated cell sorting, SX7 phage was amplified in Escherichia coli culture, and phage DNA was sequenced via next-generation sequencing. Binding validation was done with synthesized peptides via in-cell westerns. Fifty-eight unique peptides were discovered, and their potential functions were assessed using a basic local alignment search tool. Peptides potentially originated from proteins ranging in function from a variety of supportive glial roles, including synapse support and pruning, to inflammatory incitement including cytokine and interleukin activation, and potential regulation in neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K M Koss
- Comprehensive Transplant Center and Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Illinois, Chicago, USA
- Neurochemical Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Arizona, Tucson, USA
| | - T Son
- Comprehensive Transplant Center and Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Illinois, Chicago, USA
| | - C Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Dr NW, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Y Hao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Dr NW, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - J Cao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Dr NW, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada
- 48Hour Discovery Inc, 11421 Saskatchewan Dr NW, Edmonton, AB T6G 2M9, Canada
| | - M A Churchward
- Neurochemical Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Department of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Concordia University of Edmonton, Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Z J Zhang
- Comprehensive Transplant Center and Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Illinois, Chicago, USA
| | - J A Wertheim
- Comprehensive Transplant Center and Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Illinois, Chicago, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Arizona, Tucson, USA
| | - R Derda
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Dr NW, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada
- 48Hour Discovery Inc, 11421 Saskatchewan Dr NW, Edmonton, AB T6G 2M9, Canada
| | - K G Todd
- Neurochemical Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alberta, Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Dailey-Krempel B, Martin AL, Jo HN, Junge HJ, Chen Z. A tug of war between DCC and ROBO1 signaling during commissural axon guidance. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112455. [PMID: 37149867 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Dynamic and coordinated axonal responses to changing environments are critical for establishing neural connections. As commissural axons migrate across the CNS midline, they are suggested to switch from being attracted to being repelled in order to approach and to subsequently leave the midline. A molecular mechanism that is hypothesized to underlie this switch in axonal responses is the silencing of Netrin1/Deleted in Colorectal Carcinoma (DCC)-mediated attraction by the repulsive SLIT/ROBO1 signaling. Using in vivo approaches including CRISPR-Cas9-engineered mouse models of distinct Dcc splice isoforms, we show here that commissural axons maintain responsiveness to both Netrin and SLIT during midline crossing, although likely at quantitatively different levels. In addition, full-length DCC in collaboration with ROBO3 can antagonize ROBO1 repulsion in vivo. We propose that commissural axons integrate and balance the opposing DCC and Roundabout (ROBO) signaling to ensure proper guidance decisions during midline entry and exit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrew L Martin
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Ha-Neul Jo
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Neurosciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Harald J Junge
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Neurosciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Zhe Chen
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Kim SH, Nichols KD, Anderson EN, Liu Y, Ramesh N, Jia W, Kuerbis CJ, Scalf M, Smith LM, Pandey UB, Tibbetts RS. Axon guidance genes modulate neurotoxicity of ALS-associated UBQLN2. eLife 2023; 12:e84382. [PMID: 37039476 PMCID: PMC10147378 DOI: 10.7554/elife.84382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the ubiquitin (Ub) chaperone Ubiquilin 2 (UBQLN2) cause X-linked forms of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) through unknown mechanisms. Here, we show that aggregation-prone, ALS-associated mutants of UBQLN2 (UBQLN2ALS) trigger heat stress-dependent neurodegeneration in Drosophila. A genetic modifier screen implicated endolysosomal and axon guidance genes, including the netrin receptor, Unc-5, as key modulators of UBQLN2 toxicity. Reduced gene dosage of Unc-5 or its coreceptor Dcc/frazzled diminished neurodegenerative phenotypes, including motor dysfunction, neuromuscular junction defects, and shortened lifespan, in flies expressing UBQLN2ALS alleles. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) harboring UBQLN2ALS knockin mutations exhibited lysosomal defects while inducible motor neurons (iMNs) expressing UBQLN2ALS alleles exhibited cytosolic UBQLN2 inclusions, reduced neurite complexity, and growth cone defects that were partially reversed by silencing of UNC5B and DCC. The combined findings suggest that altered growth cone dynamics are a conserved pathomechanism in UBQLN2-associated ALS/FTD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sang Hwa Kim
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadisonUnited States
| | - Kye D Nichols
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadisonUnited States
| | - Eric N Anderson
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical CenterPittsburghUnited States
| | - Yining Liu
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadisonUnited States
| | - Nandini Ramesh
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical CenterPittsburghUnited States
| | - Weiyan Jia
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadisonUnited States
| | - Connor J Kuerbis
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadisonUnited States
| | - Mark Scalf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonUnited States
| | - Lloyd M Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonUnited States
| | - Udai Bhan Pandey
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical CenterPittsburghUnited States
| | - Randal S Tibbetts
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadisonUnited States
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Meier M, Gupta M, Akgül S, McDougall M, Imhof T, Nikodemus D, Reuten R, Moya-Torres A, To V, Ferens F, Heide F, Padilla-Meier GP, Kukura P, Huang W, Gerisch B, Mörgelin M, Poole K, Antebi A, Koch M, Stetefeld J. The dynamic nature of netrin-1 and the structural basis for glycosaminoglycan fragment-induced filament formation. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1226. [PMID: 36869049 PMCID: PMC9984387 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36692-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Netrin-1 is a bifunctional chemotropic guidance cue that plays key roles in diverse cellular processes including axon pathfinding, cell migration, adhesion, differentiation, and survival. Here, we present a molecular understanding of netrin-1 mediated interactions with glycosaminoglycan chains of diverse heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) and short heparin oligosaccharides. Whereas interactions with HSPGs act as platform to co-localise netrin-1 close to the cell surface, heparin oligosaccharides have a significant impact on the highly dynamic behaviour of netrin-1. Remarkably, the monomer-dimer equilibrium of netrin-1 in solution is abolished in the presence of heparin oligosaccharides and replaced with highly hierarchical and distinct super assemblies leading to unique, yet unknown netrin-1 filament formation. In our integrated approach we provide a molecular mechanism for the filament assembly which opens fresh paths towards a molecular understanding of netrin-1 functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Markus Meier
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Monika Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Serife Akgül
- Center for Biochemistry II, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Imhof
- Center for Biochemistry II, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Denise Nikodemus
- Faculty of Biology, Institute of Biology II, Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Raphael Reuten
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Obsterics and Gynecology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Vu To
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Fraser Ferens
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Fabian Heide
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | | | - Philipp Kukura
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QZ, UK
| | - Wenming Huang
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Birgit Gerisch
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Kate Poole
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert Roessle Str 10, Berlin-Buch, Germany.,EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Adam Antebi
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany. .,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, Cologne, 50931, Germany.
| | - Manuel Koch
- Center for Biochemistry II, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany. .,Institute for Dental Research and Oral Musculoskeletal Biology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany. .,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Jörg Stetefeld
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Mizumoto K, Jin Y, Bessereau JL. Synaptogenesis: unmasking molecular mechanisms using Caenorhabditis elegans. Genetics 2023; 223:iyac176. [PMID: 36630525 PMCID: PMC9910414 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/iyac176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is a research model organism particularly suited to the mechanistic understanding of synapse genesis in the nervous system. Armed with powerful genetics, knowledge of complete connectomics, and modern genomics, studies using C. elegans have unveiled multiple key regulators in the formation of a functional synapse. Importantly, many signaling networks display remarkable conservation throughout animals, underscoring the contributions of C. elegans research to advance the understanding of our brain. In this chapter, we will review up-to-date information of the contribution of C. elegans to the understanding of chemical synapses, from structure to molecules and to synaptic remodeling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kota Mizumoto
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Yishi Jin
- Department of Neurobiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jean-Louis Bessereau
- Univ Lyon, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5284, INSERM U 1314, Melis, 69008 Lyon, France
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Neogenin suppresses tumor progression and metastasis via inhibiting Merlin/YAP signaling. Cell Death Dis 2023; 9:47. [PMID: 36746934 PMCID: PMC9902585 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01345-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
From in situ growth to invasive dissemination is the most lethal attribute of various tumor types. This transition is majorly mediated by the dynamic interplay between two cancer hallmarks, EMT and cell cycle. In this study, we applied nonlinear association analysis in 33 cancer types and found that most signaling receptors simultaneously associating with EMT and cell cycle are potential tumor suppressors. Here we find that a top co-associated receptor, Neogenin (NEO1), inhibits colorectal cancer (CRC) and Glioma in situ growth and metastasis by forming a complex with Merlin (NF2), and subsequent simultaneous promoting the phosphorylation of YAP. Furthermore, Neogenin protein level is associated with good prognosis and correlates with Merlin status in CRC and Glioma. Collectively, our results define Neogenin as a tumor suppressor in CRC and Glioma that acts by restricting oncogenic signaling by the Merlin-YAP pathway, and suggest Neogenin as a candidate therapeutic agent for CRC and Glioma.
Collapse
|
25
|
Díaz MM, Tsenkina Y, Arizanovska D, Mehlen P, Liebl DJ. DCC/netrin-1 regulates cell death in oligodendrocytes after brain injury. Cell Death Differ 2023; 30:397-406. [PMID: 36456775 PMCID: PMC9950151 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-022-01091-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Hallmark pathological features of brain trauma are axonal degeneration and demyelination because myelin-producing oligodendrocytes (OLs) are particularly vulnerable to injury-induced death signals. To reveal mechanisms responsible for this OL loss, we examined a novel class of "death receptors" called dependence receptors (DepRs). DepRs initiate pro-death signals in the absence of their respective ligand(s), yet little is known about their role after injury. Here, we investigated whether the deleted in colorectal cancer (DCC) DepR contributes to OL loss after brain injury. We found that administration of its netrin-1 ligand is sufficient to block OL cell death. We also show that upon acute injury, DCC is upregulated while netrin-1 is downregulated in perilesional tissues. Moreover, after genetically silencing pro-death activity using DCCD1290N mutant mice, we observed greater OL survival, greater myelin integrity, and improved motor function. Our findings uncover a novel role for the netrin-1/DCC pathway in regulating OL loss in the traumatically injured brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Madelen M Díaz
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Yanina Tsenkina
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Dena Arizanovska
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Patrick Mehlen
- Apoptosis, Cancer and Development Laboratory - Equipe labellisée 'La Ligue', LabEx DEVweCAN, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052-CNRS UMR5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Université de Lyon, Université de Lyon1, Lyon, France.
| | - Daniel J Liebl
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Furtado J, Geraldo LH, Leser FS, Poulet M, Park H, Pibouin-Fragner L, Eichmann A, Boyé K. Netrin-1 binding to Unc5B regulates Blood-Retina Barrier integrity. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.21.525006. [PMID: 36711611 PMCID: PMC9882365 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.21.525006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Background The blood brain barrier (BBB) preserves neuronal function in the central nervous system (CNS) by tightly controlling metabolite exchanges with the blood. In the eye, the retina is likewise protected by the blood-retina barrier (BRB) to maintain phototransduction. We showed that the secreted guidance cue Netrin-1 regulated BBB integrity, by binding to endothelial Unc5B and regulating canonical β-catenin dependent expression of BBB gene expression. Objective Here, we investigated if Netrin-1-binding to endothelial Unc5B also controlled BRB integrity, and if this process involved Norrin/β-catenin signaling, which is the major known driver of BRB development and maintenance. Methods We analyzed Tamoxifen-inducible loss- and gain- of-function alleles of Unc5B, Ntn1 and Ctnnb1 in conjunction with tracer injections and biochemical signaling studies. Results Inducible endothelial Unc5B deletion, and inducible global Ntn1 deletion in postnatal mice reduced phosphorylation of the Norrin receptor LRP5, leading to reduced β-catenin and LEF1 expression, conversion of retina endothelial cells from a barrier-competent Claudin-5+/PLVAP- state to a Claudin-5-/PLVAP+ leaky phenotype, and extravasation of injected low molecular weight tracers. Inducible Ctnnb1 gain of function rescued vascular leak in Unc5B mutants, and Ntn1 overexpression induced BRB tightening. Unc5B expression in pericytes contributed to BRB permeability, via regulation of endothelial Unc5B. Mechanistically, Netrin-1-Unc5B signaling promoted β-catenin dependent BRB signaling by enhancing phosphorylation of the Norrin receptor LRP5 via the Discs large homologue 1 (Dlg1) intracellular scaffolding protein. Conclusions The data identify Netrin1-Unc5B as novel regulators of BRB integrity, with implications for diseases associated with BRB disruption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Furtado
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven CT, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven CT, USA
| | - Luiz Henrique Geraldo
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven CT, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven CT, USA
| | | | - Mathilde Poulet
- Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Inserm U970, Université Paris, France
| | - Hyojin Park
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven CT, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven CT, USA
| | | | - Anne Eichmann
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven CT, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven CT, USA
- Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Inserm U970, Université Paris, France
| | - Kevin Boyé
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven CT, USA
- Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Inserm U970, Université Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Janssen R, Budd GE. Expression of netrin and its receptors uncoordinated-5 and frazzled in arthropods and onychophorans suggests conserved and diverged functions in neuronal pathfinding and synaptogenesis. Dev Dyn 2023; 252:172-185. [PMID: 35112412 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Development of the nervous system and the correct connection of nerve cells require coordinated axonal pathfinding through an extracellular matrix. Outgrowing axons exhibit directional growth toward or away from external guidance cues such as Netrin. Guidance cues can be detected by growth cones that are located at the end of growing axons through membrane-bound receptors such as Uncoordianted-5 and Frazzled. Binding of Netrin causes reformation of the cytoskeleton and growth of the axon toward (or away from) the source of Netrin production. RESULTS Here, we investigate the embryonic mRNA expression patterns of netrin genes and their potential receptors, uncoordinated-5 and frazzled in arthropod species that cover all main branches of Arthropoda, that is, Pancrustacea, Myriapoda, and Chelicerata. We also studied the expression patterns in a closely related outgroup species, the onychophoran Euperipatoides kanangrensis, and provide data on expression profiles of these genes in larval tissues of the fly Drosophila melanogaster including the brain and the imaginal disks. CONCLUSION Our data reveal conserved and diverged aspects of neuronal guidance in Drosophila with respect to the other investigated species and suggest a conserved function in nervous system patterning of the developing appendages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Janssen
- Department of Earth Sciences, Palaeobiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Graham E Budd
- Department of Earth Sciences, Palaeobiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Dang P, Barnes DT, Cheng RP, Xu A, Moon YJ, Kodukula SS, Raper JA. Netrins and Netrin Receptors are Essential for Normal Targeting of Sensory Axons in the Zebrafish Olfactory Bulb. Neuroscience 2023; 508:19-29. [PMID: 35940453 PMCID: PMC9839495 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Olfactory sensory neurons that express related odorant receptors specifically target large identifiable neuropils called protoglomeruli when they first reach the olfactory bulb in the zebrafish. This crude odorant receptor-related mapping is further refined as odorant receptor-specific glomeruli segregate from protoglomeruli later in development. Netrins are a prominent class of axon guidance molecules whose contribution to olfactory circuit formation is poorly studied. Morpholino knock down experiments have suggested that Netrin/Dcc signaling is involved in normal protoglomerular targeting. Here we extend these findings with more detailed characterization and modeling of netrin expression, and by examining protoglomerular targeting in mutant lines fornetrin1a (ntn1a), netrin1b (ntn1b), and their receptorsunc5b,dcc, andneo1a. We confirm thatntn1a,ntn1b, anddccare required for normal protoglomerular guidance of a subset of olfactory sensory neurons that are labeled with the Tg(or111-7:IRES:Gal4) transgene. We also observe errors in the targeting of these axons inunc5bmutants, but not inneo1a mutants. Our findings are consistent with ntn1a andntn1bacting primarily as attractants for olfactory sensory neurons targeting the central zone protoglomerulus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Puneet Dang
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Daniel T Barnes
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ryan P Cheng
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Alison Xu
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Yoon Ji Moon
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sai Sripad Kodukula
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jonathan A Raper
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Zang Y, Chaudhari K, Bashaw GJ. Tace/ADAM17 is a bi-directional regulator of axon guidance that coordinates distinct Frazzled and Dcc receptor signaling outputs. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111785. [PMID: 36476876 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Frazzled (Fra) and deleted in colorectal cancer (Dcc) are homologous receptors that promote axon attraction in response to netrin. In Drosophila, Fra also acts independently of netrin by releasing an intracellular domain (ICD) that activates gene transcription. How neurons coordinate these pathways to make accurate guidance decisions is unclear. Here we show that the ADAM metalloprotease Tace cleaves Fra, and this instructs the switch between the two pathways. Genetic manipulations that either increase or decrease Tace levels disrupt midline crossing of commissural axons. These conflicting phenotypes reflect Tace's function as a bi-directional regulator of axon guidance, a function conserved in its vertebrate homolog ADAM17: while Tace induces the formation of the Fra ICD to activate transcription, excessive Tace cleavage of Fra and Dcc suppresses the response to netrin. We propose that Tace and ADAM17 are key regulators of midline axon guidance by establishing the balance between netrin-dependent and netrin-independent signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Zang
- Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Karina Chaudhari
- Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Greg J Bashaw
- Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Dong F, Liu Y, Yan W, Meng Q, Song X, Cheng B, Yao R. Netrin-4: Focus on Its Role in Axon Guidance, Tissue Stability, Angiogenesis and Tumors. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2022:10.1007/s10571-022-01279-4. [DOI: 10.1007/s10571-022-01279-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
31
|
Rastegar-Pouyani S, Kennedy TE, Kania A. Somatotopy of Mouse Spinothalamic Innervation and the Localization of a Noxious Stimulus Requires Deleted in Colorectal Carcinoma Expression by Phox2a Neurons. J Neurosci 2022; 42:7885-7899. [PMID: 36028316 PMCID: PMC9617615 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1164-22.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Anterolateral system (AS) neurons transmit pain signals from the spinal cord to the brain. Their morphology, anatomy, and physiological properties have been extensively characterized and suggest that specific AS neurons and their brain targets are concerned with the discriminatory aspects of noxious stimuli, such as their location or intensity, and their motivational/emotive dimension. Among the recently unraveled molecular markers of AS neurons is the developmentally expressed transcription factor Phox2a, providing us with the opportunity to selectively disrupt the embryonic wiring of AS neurons to gain insights into the logic of their adult function. As mice with a spinal-cord-specific loss of the netrin-1 receptor deleted in colorectal carcinoma (DCC) have increased AS neuron innervation of ipsilateral brain targets and defective noxious stimulus localization or topognosis, we generated mice of either sex carrying a deletion of Dcc in Phox2a neurons. Such DccPhox2a mice displayed impaired topognosis along the rostrocaudal axis but with little effect on left-right discrimination and normal aversive responses. Anatomical tracing experiments in DccPhox2a mice revealed defective targeting of cervical and lumbar AS axons within the thalamus. Furthermore, genetic labeling of AS axons revealed their expression of DCC on their arrival in the brain, at a time when many of their target neurons are being born and express Ntn1 Our experiments suggest a postcommissural crossing function for netrin-1:DCC signaling during the formation of somatotopically ordered maps and are consistent with a discriminatory function of some of the Phox2a AS neurons.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT How nociceptive (pain) signals are relayed from the body to the brain remains an important question relevant to our understanding of the basic physiology of pain perception. Previous studies have demonstrated that the AS is a main effector of this function. It is composed of AS neurons located in the spinal cord that receive signals from nociceptive sensory neurons that detect noxious stimuli. In this study, we generate a genetic miswiring of mouse AS neurons that results in a decreased ability to perceive the location of a painful stimulus. The precise nature of this defect sheds light on the function of different kinds of AS neurons and how pain information may be organized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shima Rastegar-Pouyani
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Montréal Québec H2W 1R7, Canada
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montréal Québec H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Timothy E Kennedy
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montréal Québec H3A 2B4, Canada
- Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal Quebéc H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Artur Kania
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Montréal Québec H2W 1R7, Canada
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montréal Québec H3A 2B4, Canada
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montréal Québec H3A 2B2, Canada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montréal QC H3A 0C7, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Liu F, Bouznad N, Kaller M, Shi X, König J, Jaeckel S, Hermeking H. Csf1r mediates enhancement of intestinal tumorigenesis caused by inactivation of Mir34a. Int J Biol Sci 2022; 18:5415-5437. [PMID: 36147476 PMCID: PMC9461672 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.75503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The CSF1 receptor (CSF1R) encoding mRNA represents a direct target of miR-34a. However, the in vivo relevance of the suppression of CSF1R by miR-34a for intestinal tumor suppression mediated by the p53/miR-34a pathway has remained unknown. Here, ApcMin/+ mice with intestinal-epithelial cell (IEC)-specific deletions of Mir34a showed increased formation of adenomas and decreased survival, whereas deletion of Csf1r decreased adenoma formation and increased survival. In adenomas deletion of Mir34a enhanced proliferation, STAT3 signaling, infiltration with fibroblasts, immune cells and microbes, and tumor stem cell abundance and decreased apoptosis. Deletion of Csf1r had the opposite effects. In addition, homeostasis of intestinal secretory and stem cells, and tumoroid formation were affected in opposite directions by deletion of Mir34a and CSF1R. Concomitant deletion of Csf1r and Mir34a neutralized the effects of the single deletions. mRNAs containing Mir34a seed-matching sites, which encode proteins related to EMT (epithelial-mesenchymal transition), stemness and Wnt signaling, were enriched after Mir34a inactivation in adenomas and derived tumoroids. Netrin-1/Ntn1 and Transgelin/Tagln were characterized as direct targets of Mir34a and Csf1r signaling. Mir34a-inactivation related expression signatures were associated with CMS4/CRISB+D, stage 4 CRCs and poor patient survival. In tumoroids the loss of Mir34a conferred resistance to 5-FU which was mediated by Csf1r. This study provides genetic evidence for a requirement of Mir34a-mediated Csf1r suppression for intestinal stem/secretory cell homeostasis and tumor suppression, and suggests that therapeutic targeting of CSF1R may be effective for the treatment of CRCs with defects in the p53/miR-34a pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fangteng Liu
- Experimental and Molecular Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University München, Germany
| | - Nassim Bouznad
- Experimental and Molecular Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University München, Germany
| | - Markus Kaller
- Experimental and Molecular Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University München, Germany
| | - Xiaolong Shi
- Experimental and Molecular Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University München, Germany
| | - Janine König
- Experimental and Molecular Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University München, Germany
| | - Stephanie Jaeckel
- Experimental and Molecular Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University München, Germany
| | - Heiko Hermeking
- Experimental and Molecular Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University München, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Triantopoulou N, Vidaki M. Local mRNA translation and cytoskeletal reorganization: Mechanisms that tune neuronal responses. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:949096. [PMID: 35979146 PMCID: PMC9376447 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.949096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurons are highly polarized cells with significantly long axonal and dendritic extensions that can reach distances up to hundreds of centimeters away from the cell bodies in higher vertebrates. Their successful formation, maintenance, and proper function highly depend on the coordination of intricate molecular networks that allow axons and dendrites to quickly process information, and respond to a continuous and diverse cascade of environmental stimuli, often without enough time for communication with the soma. Two seemingly unrelated processes, essential for these rapid responses, and thus neuronal homeostasis and plasticity, are local mRNA translation and cytoskeletal reorganization. The axonal cytoskeleton is characterized by high stability and great plasticity; two contradictory attributes that emerge from the powerful cytoskeletal rearrangement dynamics. Cytoskeletal reorganization is crucial during nervous system development and in adulthood, ensuring the establishment of proper neuronal shape and polarity, as well as regulating intracellular transport and synaptic functions. Local mRNA translation is another mechanism with a well-established role in the developing and adult nervous system. It is pivotal for axonal guidance and arborization, synaptic formation, and function and seems to be a key player in processes activated after neuronal damage. Perturbations in the regulatory pathways of local translation and cytoskeletal reorganization contribute to various pathologies with diverse clinical manifestations, ranging from intellectual disabilities (ID) to autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and schizophrenia (SCZ). Despite the fact that both processes are essential for the orchestration of pathways critical for proper axonal and dendritic function, the interplay between them remains elusive. Here we review our current knowledge on the molecular mechanisms and specific interaction networks that regulate and potentially coordinate these interconnected processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikoletta Triantopoulou
- Division of Basic Sciences, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas (IMBB-FORTH), Heraklion, Greece
| | - Marina Vidaki
- Division of Basic Sciences, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas (IMBB-FORTH), Heraklion, Greece
- *Correspondence: Marina Vidaki,
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Spinal TRPA1 Contributes to the Mechanical Hypersensitivity Effect Induced by Netrin-1. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126629. [PMID: 35743067 PMCID: PMC9224357 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Netrin-1, a chemoattractant expressed by floor plate cells, and one of its receptors (deleted in colorectal cancer) has been associated with pronociceptive actions in a number of pain conditions. Here, we addressed the question of whether spinal TRPC4/C5 or TRPA1 are among the downstream receptors contributing to pronociceptive actions induced by netrin-1. The experiments were performed on rats using a chronic intrathecal catheter for administration of netrin-1 and antagonists of TRPC4/C5 or TRPA1. Pain sensitivity was assessed behaviorally by using mechanical and heat stimuli. Effect on the discharge rate of rostral ventromedial medullary (RVM) pain control neurons was studied in lightly anesthetized animals. Netrin-1, in a dose-related fashion, induced mechanical hypersensitivity that lasted up to three weeks. Netrin-1 had no effect on heat nociception. Mechanical hypersensitivity induced by netrin-1 was attenuated by TRPA1 antagonist Chembridge-5861528 and by the control analgesic compound pregabalin both during the early (first two days) and late (third week) phase of hypersensitivity. TRPC4/C5 antagonist ML-204 had a weak antihypersensitivity effect that was only in the early phase, whereas TRPC4/C5 antagonist HC-070 had no effect on hypersensitivity induced by netrin-1. The discharge rate in pronociceptive ON-like RVM neurons was increased by netrin-1 during the late but not acute phase, whereas netrin-1 had no effect on the discharge rate of antinociceptive RVM OFF-like neurons. The results suggest that spinal TRPA1 receptors and pronociceptive RVM ON-like neurons are involved in the maintenance of submodality-selective pronociceptive actions induced by netrin-1 in the spinal cord.
Collapse
|
35
|
Transsynaptic cerebellin 4-neogenin 1 signaling mediates LTP in the mouse dentate gyrus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2123421119. [PMID: 35544694 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2123421119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
SignificanceSynapses are controlled by transsynaptic adhesion complexes that mediate bidirectional signaling between pre- and postsynaptic compartments. Long-term potentiation (LTP) of synaptic transmission is thought to enable synaptic modifications during memory formation, but the signaling mechanisms involved remain poorly understood. We show that binding of cerebellin-4 (Cbln4), a secreted ligand of presynaptic neurexin adhesion molecules, to neogenin-1, a postsynaptic surface protein known as a developmental netrin receptor, is essential for normal LTP at entorhinal cortex→dentate gyrus synapses in mice. Cbln4 and neogenin-1 are dispensable for basal synaptic transmission and not involved in establishing synaptic connections as such. Our data identify a netrin receptor as a postsynaptic organizer of synaptic plasticity that collaborates specifically with the presynaptic neurexin-ligand Cbln4.
Collapse
|
36
|
Heterozygous Dcc Mutant Mice Have a Subtle Locomotor Phenotype. eNeuro 2022; 9:ENEURO.0216-18.2021. [PMID: 35115383 PMCID: PMC8906791 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0216-18.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Axon guidance receptors such as deleted in colorectal cancer (DCC) contribute to the normal formation of neural circuits, and their mutations can be associated with neural defects. In humans, heterozygous mutations in DCC have been linked to congenital mirror movements, which are involuntary movements on one side of the body that mirror voluntary movements of the opposite side. In mice, obvious hopping phenotypes have been reported for bi-allelic Dcc mutations, while heterozygous mutants have not been closely examined. We hypothesized that a detailed characterization of Dcc heterozygous mice may reveal impaired corticospinal and spinal functions. Anterograde tracing of the Dcc+/− motor cortex revealed a normally projecting corticospinal tract, intracortical microstimulation (ICMS) evoked normal contralateral motor responses, and behavioral tests showed normal skilled forelimb coordination. Gait analyses also showed a normal locomotor pattern and rhythm in adult Dcc+/− mice during treadmill locomotion, except for a decreased occurrence of out-of-phase walk and an increased duty cycle of the stance phase at slow walking speed. Neonatal isolated Dcc+/− spinal cords had normal left-right and flexor-extensor coupling, along with normal locomotor pattern and rhythm, except for an increase in the flexor-related motoneuronal output. Although Dcc+/− mice do not exhibit any obvious bilateral impairments like those in humans, they exhibit subtle motor deficits during neonatal and adult locomotion.
Collapse
|
37
|
Lo PS, Rymar VV, Kennedy TE, Sadikot AF. The Netrin-1 Receptor DCC Promotes the Survival of a Subpopulation of Midbrain Dopaminergic Neurons: Relevance for Ageing and Parkinson's Disease. J Neurochem 2022; 161:254-265. [PMID: 35118677 PMCID: PMC9305203 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Mechanisms that determine the survival of midbrain dopaminergic (mDA) neurons in the adult central nervous system (CNS) are not fully understood. Netrins are a family of secreted proteins that are essential for normal neural development. In the mature CNS, mDA neurons express particularly high levels of netrin‐1 and its receptor Deleted in Colorectal Cancer (DCC). Recent findings indicate that overexpressing netrin‐1 protects mDA neurons in animal models of Parkinson’s disease (PD), with a proposed pro‐apoptotic dependence function for DCC that triggers cell death in the absence of a ligand. Here, we sought to determine if DCC expression influences mDA neuron survival in young adult and ageing mice. To circumvent the perinatal lethality of DCC null mice, we selectively deleted DCC from mDA neurons utilizing DATcre/loxP gene‐targeting and examined neuronal survival in adult and aged animals. Reduced numbers of mDA neurons were detected in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) of young adult DATcre/DCCfl/fl mice, with further reduction in aged DATcre/DCCfl/fl animals. In contrast to young adults, aged mice also exhibited a gene dosage effect, with fewer SNc mDA neurons in DCC heterozygotes (DATcre/DCCfl/wt). Notably, loss of mDA neurons in the SN was not uniform. Neuronal loss in the SN was limited to ventral tier mDA neurons, while mDA neurons in the dorsal tier of the SN, which resist degeneration in PD, were spared from the effect of DCC deletion in both young and aged mice. In the ventral tegmental area (VTA), young adult mice with conditional deletion of DCC had normal mDA neuronal numbers, while significant loss occurred in aged DATcre/DCCfl/fl and DATcre/DCCfl/wt mice compared to age‐matched wild‐type mice. Our results indicate that expression of DCC is required for the survival of subpopulations of mDA neurons and may be relevant to the degenerative processes in PD.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pik-Shan Lo
- Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Qc, Canada.,Cone Laboratory, Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Vladimir V Rymar
- Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Qc, Canada.,Cone Laboratory, Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Timothy E Kennedy
- Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Qc, Canada
| | - Abbas F Sadikot
- Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Qc, Canada.,Cone Laboratory, Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Associations between genetic loci, environment factors and mental disorders: a genome-wide survival analysis using the UK Biobank data. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:17. [PMID: 35017462 PMCID: PMC8752606 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-01782-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well-accepted that both environment and genetic factors contribute to the development of mental disorders (MD). However, few genetic studies used time-to-event data analysis to identify the susceptibility genetic variants associated with MD and explore the role of environment factors in these associations. In order to detect novel genetic loci associated with MD based on the time-to-event data and identify the role of environmental factors in them, this study recruited 376,806 participants from the UK Biobank cohort. The MD outcomes (including overall MD status, anxiety, depression and substance use disorders (SUD)) were defined based on in-patient hospital, self-reported and death registry data collected in the UK Biobank. SPACOX approach was used to identify the susceptibility loci for MD using the time-to-event data of the UK Biobank cohort. And then we estimated the associations between identified candidate loci, fourteen environment factors and MD through a phenome-wide association study and mediation analysis. SPACOX identified multiple candidate loci for overall MD status, depression and SUD, such as rs139813674 (P value = 8.39 × 10-9, ZNF684) for overall MD status, rs7231178 (DCC, P value = 2.11 × 10-9) for depression, and rs10228494 (FOXP2, P value = 6.58 × 10-10) for SUD. Multiple environment factors could influence the associations between identified loci and MD, such as confide in others and felt hated. Our study identified novel candidate loci for MD, highlighting the strength of time-to-event data based genetic association studies. We also observed that multiple environment factors could influence the association between susceptibility loci and MD.
Collapse
|
39
|
Hirsch D, Kohl A, Wang Y, Sela-Donenfeld D. Axonal Projection Patterns of the Dorsal Interneuron Populations in the Embryonic Hindbrain. Front Neuroanat 2022; 15:793161. [PMID: 35002640 PMCID: PMC8738170 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2021.793161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Unraveling the inner workings of neural circuits entails understanding the cellular origin and axonal pathfinding of various neuronal groups during development. In the embryonic hindbrain, different subtypes of dorsal interneurons (dINs) evolve along the dorsal-ventral (DV) axis of rhombomeres and are imperative for the assembly of central brainstem circuits. dINs are divided into two classes, class A and class B, each containing four neuronal subgroups (dA1-4 and dB1-4) that are born in well-defined DV positions. While all interneurons belonging to class A express the transcription factor Olig3 and become excitatory, all class B interneurons express the transcription factor Lbx1 but are diverse in their excitatory or inhibitory fate. Moreover, within every class, each interneuron subtype displays its own specification genes and axonal projection patterns which are required to govern the stage-by-stage assembly of their connectivity toward their target sites. Remarkably, despite the similar genetic landmark of each dINs subgroup along the anterior-posterior (AP) axis of the hindbrain, genetic fate maps of some dA/dB neuronal subtypes uncovered their contribution to different nuclei centers in relation to their rhombomeric origin. Thus, DV and AP positional information has to be orchestrated in each dA/dB subpopulation to form distinct neuronal circuits in the hindbrain. Over the span of several decades, different axonal routes have been well-documented to dynamically emerge and grow throughout the hindbrain DV and AP positions. Yet, the genetic link between these distinct axonal bundles and their neuronal origin is not fully clear. In this study, we reviewed the available data regarding the association between the specification of early-born dorsal interneuron subpopulations in the hindbrain and their axonal circuitry development and fate, as well as the present existing knowledge on molecular effectors underlying the process of axonal growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dana Hirsch
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel.,Department of Veterinary Resources, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ayelet Kohl
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yuan Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Program in Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Dalit Sela-Donenfeld
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Netrin-1: An Emerging Player in Inflammatory Diseases. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2022; 64:46-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2022.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
41
|
Quinta HR. Locomotor recovery after spinal cord injury: intimate dependence between axonal regeneration and re-connection. Neural Regen Res 2022; 17:553-554. [PMID: 34380886 PMCID: PMC8504387 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.320977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hector Ramiro Quinta
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, CONICET; Laboratorio de Medicina Experimental "Dr. Jorge E. Toblli", Hospital Alemán, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Ahmed G, Shinmyo Y. Multiple Functions of Draxin/Netrin-1 Signaling in the Development of Neural Circuits in the Spinal Cord and the Brain. Front Neuroanat 2021; 15:766911. [PMID: 34899198 PMCID: PMC8655782 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2021.766911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Axon guidance proteins play key roles in the formation of neural circuits during development. We previously identified an axon guidance cue, named draxin, that has no homology with other axon guidance proteins. Draxin is essential for the development of various neural circuits including the spinal cord commissure, corpus callosum, and thalamocortical projections. Draxin has been shown to not only control axon guidance through netrin-1 receptors, deleted in colorectal cancer (Dcc), and neogenin (Neo1) but also modulate netrin-1-mediated axon guidance and fasciculation. In this review, we summarize the multifaceted functions of draxin and netrin-1 signaling in neural circuit formation in the central nervous system. Furthermore, because recent studies suggest that the distributions and functions of axon guidance cues are highly regulated by glycoproteins such as Dystroglycan and Heparan sulfate proteoglycans, we discuss a possible function of glycoproteins in draxin/netrin-1-mediated axon guidance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giasuddin Ahmed
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Yohei Shinmyo
- Department of Medical Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Khoury S, Parisien M, Thompson SJ, Vachon-Presseau E, Roy M, Martinsen AE, Winsvold BS, Mundal IP, Zwart JA, Kania A, Mogil JS, Diatchenko L. Genome-wide analysis identifies impaired axonogenesis in chronic overlapping pain conditions. Brain 2021; 145:1111-1123. [PMID: 34788396 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awab359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic pain is often present at more than one anatomical location, leading to chronic overlapping pain conditions (COPC). Whether COPC represents a distinct pathophysiology from the occurrence of pain at only one site is unknown. Using genome-wide approaches, we compared genetic determinants of chronic single-site vs. multisite pain in the UK Biobank. We found that different genetic signals underlie chronic single-site and multisite pain with much stronger genetic contributions for the latter. Among 23 loci associated with multisite pain, 9 loci replicated in the HUNT cohort, with the DCC netrin-1 receptor (DCC) as the top gene. Functional genomics identified axonogenesis in brain tissues as the major contributing pathway to chronic multisite pain. Finally, multimodal structural brain imaging analysis showed that DCC is most strongly expressed in subcortical limbic regions and is associated with alterations in the uncinate fasciculus microstructure, suggesting that DCC-dependent axonogenesis may contribute to COPC via cortico-limbic circuits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samar Khoury
- Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Anesthesia, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Marc Parisien
- Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Anesthesia, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Scott J Thompson
- Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Anesthesiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Etienne Vachon-Presseau
- Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Anesthesia, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Mathieu Roy
- Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Amy E Martinsen
- K. G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Research, Innovation and Education, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bendik S Winsvold
- K. G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Research, Innovation and Education, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Ingunn P Mundal
- Department of Health Science, Molde University College, Molde, Norway
| | - John-Anker Zwart
- K. G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Research, Innovation and Education, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Artur Kania
- Institut de recherches cliniques de Montreal (IRCM), Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, and Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jeffrey S Mogil
- Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Luda Diatchenko
- Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Anesthesia, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Fahed D, Chettab A, Mathe D, Denis M, Traverse-Glehen A, Karlin L, Perrial E, Dumontet C. Netrin-1 expression and targeting in multiple myeloma. Leuk Lymphoma 2021; 63:395-403. [PMID: 34585999 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2021.1984459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Deleted in colorectal cancer (DCC) and uncoordinated-5 (UNC5) receptors, play a key role in tumor progression of several solid tumors by inducing apoptosis when unbound to their ligand netrin-1. Netrin 1 is currently being evaluated as a therapeutic target. These receptors, known as dependence receptors, and their ligands, have not yet been extensively explored in hematological malignancies. Here, we performed a screening of various human myeloma cell lines and bone marrow samples from multiple myeloma patients for netrin-1 and its receptors to determine the expression of netrin 1 and its receptors in multiple myeloma as well as to assess the potential anti-myeloma activity of a novel anti-netrin-1 treatment (NP137). Our results showed heterogeneous expression of netrin-1 and its receptors DCC and UNC5H2(B) in six human myeloma lines. Additionally, immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry showed expression of these molecules in a majority of myeloma patient samples. In vitro NP137 did not induce apoptosis of myeloma cell lines yet enhanced the cytotoxicity of bortezomib and dexamethasone. In vivo, NP137 treatment of SCID mice with established RPMI8226 myeloma tumors led to a reduction of tumor size compared to controls. Ex vivo, NP137 lowered the plasma cells percentage in bone marrow aspirates in a fraction of the patient samples analyzed. These results suggest that netrin signaling could constitute a novel therapeutic target in multiple myeloma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Fahed
- Anticancer Antibodies Team, CRCL, CNRS UMR5286, CLB, UCBL, Lyon, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Emeline Perrial
- Anticancer Antibodies Team, CRCL, CNRS UMR5286, CLB, UCBL, Lyon, France
| | - Charles Dumontet
- Anticancer Antibodies Team, CRCL, CNRS UMR5286, CLB, UCBL, Lyon, France.,Antineo, Lyon, France.,Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Jeong S. Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Motor Axon Guidance in Drosophila. Mol Cells 2021; 44:549-556. [PMID: 34385406 PMCID: PMC8424136 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2021.0129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Decoding the molecular mechanisms underlying axon guidance is key to precise understanding of how complex neural circuits form during neural development. Although substantial progress has been made over the last three decades in identifying numerous axon guidance molecules and their functional roles, little is known about how these guidance molecules collaborate to steer growth cones to their correct targets. Recent studies in Drosophila point to the importance of the combinatorial action of guidance molecules, and further show that selective fasciculation and defasciculation at specific choice points serve as a fundamental strategy for motor axon guidance. Here, I discuss how attractive and repulsive guidance cues cooperate to ensure the recognition of specific choice points that are inextricably linked to selective fasciculation and defasciculation, and correct pathfinding decision-making.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sangyun Jeong
- Division of Life Sciences (Molecular Biology Major), Department of Bioactive Material Sciences, and Research Center of Bioactive Materials, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Netrin1 and reelin signaling are required for the migration of anterolateral system neurons in the embryonic spinal cord. Pain 2021; 163:e527-e539. [PMID: 34471084 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Projection neurons of the spinal cord dorsal horn which transmit pain, itch, and temperature information to the brain comprise the anterolateral system (AS). A recent molecular and genetic study showed that many developing AS neurons express the transcription factor Phox2a and provided insights into the mechanisms of their ontogeny and wiring of nociceptive neuronal circuits. Here, we show that the loss of the axonal guidance and neuronal migration signal netrin1 results in impaired migration of mouse Phox2a+ AS neurons into the spinal lamina I. Furthermore, we show that in the absence of Dab1, an intracellular transducer of the neuronal migration signal reelin, the migration of spinal lamina V and lateral spinal nucleus Phox2a+ AS neurons is impaired, in line with deficits in nociception seen in mice with a loss of reelin signaling. Together, these results provide evidence that netrin1 and reelin control the development of spinal nociceptive projection neurons, suggesting a mechanistic explanation for studies that link sequence variations in human genes encoding these neurodevelopmental signals and abnormal pain sensation.
Collapse
|
47
|
Schlegel M, Sharma M, Brown EJ, Newman AAC, Cyr Y, Afonso MS, Corr EM, Koelwyn GJ, van Solingen C, Guzman J, Farhat R, Nikain CA, Shanley LC, Peled D, Schmidt AM, Fisher EA, Moore KJ. Silencing Myeloid Netrin-1 Induces Inflammation Resolution and Plaque Regression. Circ Res 2021; 129:530-546. [PMID: 34289717 PMCID: PMC8529357 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.121.319313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Rationale: Therapeutic efforts to decrease atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk have focused largely on reducing atherogenic lipoproteins, yet lipid-lowering therapies alone are insufficient to fully regress plaque burden. We postulate that arterial repair requires resolution of a maladaptive immune response and that targeting factors that hinder inflammation resolution will facilitate plaque regression. Objective: The guidance molecule Ntn1 (netrin-1) is secreted by macrophages in atherosclerotic plaques, where it sustains inflammation by enhancing macrophage survival and blocking macrophage emigration. We tested whether silencing Ntn1 in advanced atherosclerosis could resolve arterial inflammation and regress plaques. Methods and Results: To temporally silence Ntn1 in myeloid cells, we generated genetically modified mice in which Ntn1 could be selectively deleted in monocytes and macrophages using a tamoxifen-induced CX3CR1-driven cre recombinase (Ntn1fl/flCx3cr1creERT2+) and littermate control mice (Ntn1fl/flCx3cr1WT). Mice were fed Western diet in the setting of hepatic PCSK9 (proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9) overexpression to render them atherosclerotic and then treated with tamoxifen to initiate deletion of myeloid Ntn1 (MøΔNtn1) or not in controls (MøWT). Morphometric analyses performed 4 weeks later showed that myeloid Ntn1 silencing reduced plaque burden in the aorta (−50%) and plaque complexity in the aortic root. Monocyte-macrophage tracing experiments revealed lower monocyte recruitment, macrophage retention, and proliferation in MøΔNtn1 compared with MøWT plaques, indicating a restructuring of monocyte-macrophage dynamics in the artery wall upon Ntn1 silencing. Single-cell RNA sequencing of aortic immune cells before and after Ntn1 silencing revealed upregulation of gene pathways involved in macrophage phagocytosis and migration, including the Ccr7 chemokine receptor signaling pathway required for macrophage emigration from plaques and atherosclerosis regression. Additionally, plaques from MøΔNtn1 mice showed hallmarks of inflammation resolution, including higher levels of proresolving macrophages, IL (interleukin)-10, and efferocytosis, as compared to plaques from MøWT mice. Conclusion: Our data show that targeting Ntn1 in advanced atherosclerosis ameliorates atherosclerotic inflammation and promotes plaque regression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Schlegel
- NYU Cardiovascular Research Center, The Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine (M. Schlegel, M. Sharma, E.J.B., A.A.C.N., Y.C., M.S.A., E.M.C., G.J.K., C.v.S., J.G., R.F., C.A.N., L.C.S., D.P., E.A.F., K.J.M.)
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Germany (M. Schlegel)
| | - Monika Sharma
- NYU Cardiovascular Research Center, The Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine (M. Schlegel, M. Sharma, E.J.B., A.A.C.N., Y.C., M.S.A., E.M.C., G.J.K., C.v.S., J.G., R.F., C.A.N., L.C.S., D.P., E.A.F., K.J.M.)
| | - Emily J Brown
- NYU Cardiovascular Research Center, The Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine (M. Schlegel, M. Sharma, E.J.B., A.A.C.N., Y.C., M.S.A., E.M.C., G.J.K., C.v.S., J.G., R.F., C.A.N., L.C.S., D.P., E.A.F., K.J.M.)
| | - Alexandra A C Newman
- NYU Cardiovascular Research Center, The Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine (M. Schlegel, M. Sharma, E.J.B., A.A.C.N., Y.C., M.S.A., E.M.C., G.J.K., C.v.S., J.G., R.F., C.A.N., L.C.S., D.P., E.A.F., K.J.M.)
| | - Yannick Cyr
- NYU Cardiovascular Research Center, The Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine (M. Schlegel, M. Sharma, E.J.B., A.A.C.N., Y.C., M.S.A., E.M.C., G.J.K., C.v.S., J.G., R.F., C.A.N., L.C.S., D.P., E.A.F., K.J.M.)
| | - Milessa Silva Afonso
- NYU Cardiovascular Research Center, The Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine (M. Schlegel, M. Sharma, E.J.B., A.A.C.N., Y.C., M.S.A., E.M.C., G.J.K., C.v.S., J.G., R.F., C.A.N., L.C.S., D.P., E.A.F., K.J.M.)
| | - Emma M Corr
- NYU Cardiovascular Research Center, The Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine (M. Schlegel, M. Sharma, E.J.B., A.A.C.N., Y.C., M.S.A., E.M.C., G.J.K., C.v.S., J.G., R.F., C.A.N., L.C.S., D.P., E.A.F., K.J.M.)
| | - Graeme J Koelwyn
- NYU Cardiovascular Research Center, The Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine (M. Schlegel, M. Sharma, E.J.B., A.A.C.N., Y.C., M.S.A., E.M.C., G.J.K., C.v.S., J.G., R.F., C.A.N., L.C.S., D.P., E.A.F., K.J.M.)
| | - Coen van Solingen
- NYU Cardiovascular Research Center, The Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine (M. Schlegel, M. Sharma, E.J.B., A.A.C.N., Y.C., M.S.A., E.M.C., G.J.K., C.v.S., J.G., R.F., C.A.N., L.C.S., D.P., E.A.F., K.J.M.)
| | - Jonathan Guzman
- NYU Cardiovascular Research Center, The Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine (M. Schlegel, M. Sharma, E.J.B., A.A.C.N., Y.C., M.S.A., E.M.C., G.J.K., C.v.S., J.G., R.F., C.A.N., L.C.S., D.P., E.A.F., K.J.M.)
| | - Rubab Farhat
- NYU Cardiovascular Research Center, The Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine (M. Schlegel, M. Sharma, E.J.B., A.A.C.N., Y.C., M.S.A., E.M.C., G.J.K., C.v.S., J.G., R.F., C.A.N., L.C.S., D.P., E.A.F., K.J.M.)
| | - Cyrus A Nikain
- NYU Cardiovascular Research Center, The Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine (M. Schlegel, M. Sharma, E.J.B., A.A.C.N., Y.C., M.S.A., E.M.C., G.J.K., C.v.S., J.G., R.F., C.A.N., L.C.S., D.P., E.A.F., K.J.M.)
| | - Lianne C Shanley
- NYU Cardiovascular Research Center, The Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine (M. Schlegel, M. Sharma, E.J.B., A.A.C.N., Y.C., M.S.A., E.M.C., G.J.K., C.v.S., J.G., R.F., C.A.N., L.C.S., D.P., E.A.F., K.J.M.)
| | - Daniel Peled
- NYU Cardiovascular Research Center, The Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine (M. Schlegel, M. Sharma, E.J.B., A.A.C.N., Y.C., M.S.A., E.M.C., G.J.K., C.v.S., J.G., R.F., C.A.N., L.C.S., D.P., E.A.F., K.J.M.)
| | - Ann Marie Schmidt
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, New York University (A.M.S.). K.J. Moore, M. Schlegel, M. Sharma, A.M. Schmidt, and E.A. Fisher designed the study and performed data analysis and interpretation. M. Schlegel, M. Sharma, M.S. Afonso, E.J. Brown, E.M. Corr, C. van Solingen, G.J. Koelwyn, A.A.C. Newman, Y. Cyr, R. Farhat, J. Guzman, L.C. Shanley, and D. Peled conducted experiments, acquired data, and performed analyses. E.J. Brown analyzed the RNA-sequencing data. K.J. Moore and M. Schlegel wrote the article with input from all authors
| | - Edward A Fisher
- NYU Cardiovascular Research Center, The Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine (M. Schlegel, M. Sharma, E.J.B., A.A.C.N., Y.C., M.S.A., E.M.C., G.J.K., C.v.S., J.G., R.F., C.A.N., L.C.S., D.P., E.A.F., K.J.M.)
| | - Kathryn J Moore
- NYU Cardiovascular Research Center, The Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine (M. Schlegel, M. Sharma, E.J.B., A.A.C.N., Y.C., M.S.A., E.M.C., G.J.K., C.v.S., J.G., R.F., C.A.N., L.C.S., D.P., E.A.F., K.J.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Rapti G. A perspective on C. elegans neurodevelopment: from early visionaries to a booming neuroscience research. J Neurogenet 2021; 34:259-272. [PMID: 33446023 DOI: 10.1080/01677063.2020.1837799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The formation of the nervous system and its striking complexity is a remarkable feat of development. C. elegans served as a unique model to dissect the molecular events in neurodevelopment, from its early visionaries to the current booming neuroscience community. Soon after being introduced as a model, C. elegans was mapped at the level of genes, cells, and synapses, providing the first metazoan with a complete cell lineage, sequenced genome, and connectome. Here, I summarize mechanisms underlying C. elegans neurodevelopment, from the generation and diversification of neural components to their navigation and connectivity. I point out recent noteworthy findings in the fields of glia biology, sex dimorphism and plasticity in neurodevelopment, highlighting how current research connects back to the pioneering studies by Brenner, Sulston and colleagues. Multifaceted investigations in model organisms, connecting genes to cell function and behavior, expand our mechanistic understanding of neurodevelopment while allowing us to formulate emerging questions for future discoveries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Rapti
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Unit of Developmental Biology, Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Zhang L, Qi Z, Li J, Li M, Du X, Wang S, Zhou G, Xu B, Liu W, Xi S, Xu Z, Deng Y. Roles and Mechanisms of Axon-Guidance Molecules in Alzheimer's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:3290-3307. [PMID: 33675023 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02311-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease that is characterized by progressive memory decline and cognitive dysfunctions. Although the causes of AD have not yet been established, many mechanisms have been proposed. Axon-guidance molecules play the roles in the occurrence and development of AD by participating in different mechanisms. Therefore, what roles do axon-guidance molecules play in AD? This study aimed at elucidating how axon-guidance molecules Netrins, Slits, Semaphorins, and Ephrins regulate the levels of Aβ, hyperphosphorylation of tau protein, Reelin, and other ways through different signaling pathways, in order to show the roles of axon-guidance molecules in the occurrence and development of AD. And it is hoped that this study can provide a theoretical basis and new perspectives in the search for new therapeutic targets for AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhipeng Qi
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Jiashuo Li
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Minghui Li
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Xianchao Du
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Guoyu Zhou
- Department of Geriatric Neurology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Bin Xu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Shuhua Xi
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhaofa Xu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Yu Deng
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Company V, Andreu-Cervera A, Madrigal MP, Andrés B, Almagro-García F, Chédotal A, López-Bendito G, Martinez S, Echevarría D, Moreno-Bravo JA, Puelles E. Netrin 1-Mediated Role of the Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta and Ventral Tegmental Area in the Guidance of the Medial Habenular Axons. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:682067. [PMID: 34169076 PMCID: PMC8217627 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.682067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The fasciculus retroflexus is an important fascicle that mediates reward-related behaviors and is associated with different psychiatric diseases. It is the main habenular efference and constitutes a link between forebrain regions, the midbrain, and the rostral hindbrain. The proper functional organization of habenular circuitry requires complex molecular programs to control the wiring of the habenula during development. However, the mechanisms guiding the habenular axons toward their targets remain mostly unknown. Here, we demonstrate the role of the mesodiencephalic dopaminergic neurons (substantia nigra pars compacta and ventral tegmental area) as an intermediate target for the correct medial habenular axons navigation along the anteroposterior axis. These neuronal populations are distributed along the anteroposterior trajectory of these axons in the mesodiencephalic basal plate. Using in vitro and in vivo experiments, we determined that this navigation is the result of netrin 1 attraction generated by the mesodiencephalic dopaminergic neurons. This attraction is mediated by the receptor deleted in colorectal cancer (DCC), which is strongly expressed in the medial habenular axons. The increment in our knowledge on the fasciculus retroflexus trajectory guidance mechanisms opens the possibility of analyzing if its alteration in mental health patients could account for some of their symptoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Company
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, Alicante, Spain
| | - Abraham Andreu-Cervera
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, Alicante, Spain
| | - M Pilar Madrigal
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, Alicante, Spain
| | - Belén Andrés
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, Alicante, Spain
| | | | - Alain Chédotal
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
| | | | - Salvador Martinez
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, Alicante, Spain
| | - Diego Echevarría
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, Alicante, Spain
| | - Juan A Moreno-Bravo
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, Alicante, Spain
| | - Eduardo Puelles
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, Alicante, Spain
| |
Collapse
|