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Cesar MB, Poli H, Piazza RD, Marques RFC, Herculano RD, Grøndahl L. Dispersion of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles in natural rubber latex and poly lactic acid based matrices. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Biondi Cesar
- Bioprocess and Biotechnology Engineering Department, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences São Paulo State University (UNESP) São Paulo Brazil
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences University of Queensland St. Lucia Queensland Australia
| | - Hamish Poli
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences University of Queensland St. Lucia Queensland Australia
| | - Rodolfo Debone Piazza
- Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Colloids, Department of Physical Chemistry Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University, (UNESP) São Paulo Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Fernando Costa Marques
- Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Colloids, Department of Physical Chemistry Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University, (UNESP) São Paulo Brazil
| | - Rondinelli Donizetti Herculano
- Bioprocess and Biotechnology Engineering Department, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences São Paulo State University (UNESP) São Paulo Brazil
| | - Lisbeth Grøndahl
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences University of Queensland St. Lucia Queensland Australia
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3
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Idrees H, Zaidi SZJ, Sabir A, Khan RU, Zhang X, Hassan SU. A Review of Biodegradable Natural Polymer-Based Nanoparticles for Drug Delivery Applications. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E1970. [PMID: 33027891 PMCID: PMC7600772 DOI: 10.3390/nano10101970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Biodegradable natural polymers have been investigated extensively as the best choice for encapsulation and delivery of drugs. The research has attracted remarkable attention in the pharmaceutical industry. The shortcomings of conventional dosage systems, along with modified and targeted drug delivery methods, are addressed by using polymers with improved bioavailability, biocompatibility, and lower toxicity. Therefore, nanomedicines are now considered to be an innovative type of medication. This review critically examines the use of natural biodegradable polymers and their drug delivery systems for local or targeted and controlled/sustained drug release against fatal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Humaira Idrees
- Department of Polymer Engineering and Technology, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan; (A.S.); (R.U.K.)
| | - Syed Zohaib Javaid Zaidi
- Institute of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54000, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Aneela Sabir
- Department of Polymer Engineering and Technology, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan; (A.S.); (R.U.K.)
| | - Rafi Ullah Khan
- Department of Polymer Engineering and Technology, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan; (A.S.); (R.U.K.)
- Institute of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54000, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Xunli Zhang
- Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK;
| | - Sammer-ul Hassan
- Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK;
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Hughes EAB, Parkes A, Williams RL, Jenkins MJ, Grover LM. Formulation of a covalently bonded hydroxyapatite and poly(ether ether ketone) composite. J Tissue Eng 2018; 9:2041731418815570. [PMID: 30574291 PMCID: PMC6299303 DOI: 10.1177/2041731418815570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal fusion devices can be fabricated from composites based on combining hydroxyapatite and poly(ether ether ketone) phases. These implants serve as load-bearing scaffolds for the formation of new bone tissue between adjacent vertebrae. In this work, we report a novel approach to covalently bond hydroxyapatite and poly(ether ether ketone) to produce a novel composite formulation with enhanced interfacial adhesion between phases. Compared to non-linked composites (HA_PEEK), covalently linked composites (HA_L_PEEK), loaded with 1.25 vol% hydroxyapatite, possessed a greater mean flexural strength (170 ± 5.4 vs 171.7 ± 14.8 MPa (mean ± SD)) and modulus (4.8 ± 0.2 vs 5.0 ± 0.3 GPa (mean ± SD)). Although the mechanical properties were not found to be significantly different (p > 0.05), PEEK_L_HA contained substantially larger hydroxyapatite inclusions (100-1000 µm) compared to HA_PEEK (50-200 µm), due to the inherently agglomerative nature of the covalently bonded hydroxyapatite and poly(ether ether ketone) additive. Larger inclusions would expectedly weaken the HA_L_PEEK composite; however, there is no significant difference between the flexural modulus of poly(ether ether ketone) with respect to HA_L_PEEK (p = 0.13). In addition, the flexural modulus of HA_PEEK is significantly lower compared to poly(ether ether ketone) (p = 0.03). Ultimately, covalent linking reduces hydroxyapatite particulate de-bonding from the polymeric matrix and inhibits micro-crack development, culminating in enhanced transfer of stiffness between hydroxyapatite and poly(ether ether ketone) under loading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik AB Hughes
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- NIHR Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - Andrew Parkes
- School of Metallurgy and Materials, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Richard L Williams
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Mike J Jenkins
- School of Metallurgy and Materials, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Liam M Grover
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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Ma XY, Feng YF, Wang TS, Lei W, Li X, Zhou DP, Wen XX, Yu HL, Xiang LB, Wang L. Involvement of FAK-mediated BMP-2/Smad pathway in mediating osteoblast adhesion and differentiation on nano-HA/chitosan composite coated titanium implant under diabetic conditions. Biomater Sci 2018; 6:225-238. [PMID: 29231215 DOI: 10.1039/c7bm00652g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nanophase HA/CS composite coated porous titanium implant exhibited superior biological performance under diabetic conditions compared to pure Ti.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Yu Ma
- Department of Orthopedics
- General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command of Chinese PLA
- Shenyang
- China
- Department of Orthopedics of the 463 Hospital of PLA
| | - Ya-Fei Feng
- Department of Orthopedics
- Xijing Hospital
- Fourth Military Medical University
- Xi'an
- China
| | - Tian-Sheng Wang
- Department of Orthopedics of the 463 Hospital of PLA
- Shenyang
- China
| | - Wei Lei
- Department of Orthopedics
- Xijing Hospital
- Fourth Military Medical University
- Xi'an
- China
| | - Xiang Li
- School of Mechanical Engineering
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Da-Peng Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics
- General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command of Chinese PLA
- Shenyang
- China
| | - Xin-Xin Wen
- Department of Orthopedics of the 463 Hospital of PLA
- Shenyang
- China
- Department of Orthopedics
- Xijing Hospital
| | - Hai-Long Yu
- Department of Orthopedics
- General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command of Chinese PLA
- Shenyang
- China
| | - Liang-Bi Xiang
- Department of Orthopedics
- General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command of Chinese PLA
- Shenyang
- China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Orthopedics
- Xijing Hospital
- Fourth Military Medical University
- Xi'an
- China
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7
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Gitelman Povimonsky A, Rapaport H. Peptide coating applied on the spot improves osseointegration of titanium implants. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:2096-2105. [DOI: 10.1039/c6tb03093a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
On the spot osseointegrating peptide coating applicable to any size and shape of titanium bone implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Gitelman Povimonsky
- Avram and Stella Goldstein-Goren Department of Biotechnology Engineering
- Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
- Beer-Sheva 84105
- Israel
| | - Hanna Rapaport
- Avram and Stella Goldstein-Goren Department of Biotechnology Engineering
- Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
- Beer-Sheva 84105
- Israel
- Ilse Katz Institute for Nano-Science and Technology (IKI)
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8
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Pourmollaabbassi B, Karbasi S, Hashemibeni B. Evaluate the growth and adhesion of osteoblast cells on nanocomposite scaffold of hydroxyapatite/titania coated with poly hydroxybutyrate. Adv Biomed Res 2016; 5:156. [PMID: 27761431 PMCID: PMC5070039 DOI: 10.4103/2277-9175.188486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The generation of bioartificial bone tissues may help to overcome the problems related to donor site morbidity and size limitations. Materials and Methods: In this paper, hydroxyapatite (HA) powder was made out of bovine bone by thermal analysis at 900°C and first, and then, porous HA (50 weight percentage) was produced by polyurethane sponge replication method. In order to improve the scaffold mechanical properties, they have been coated with poly hydroxybutyrate. In terms of phase studies, morphology, and specifying agent groups, the specific characterization devices such as X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared, were employed. To compare the behavior of cellular scaffolds, they were divided into four groups of scaffolds. The osteoblast cells were cultured. To perform phase studies, analysis of Methylthiazole tetrazolium (MTT) and Trypan blue were carried out for the viability and attachment on the surface of the scaffold, and the specification of Scanning electron microscopy was employed for the morphology of the cells. Results: The results of MTT analysis performed on four groups of scaffolds have shown that Titanium oxide (Tio2) had no effect on cell growth alone and HA was the main factor of growth and cell osteoblast adhesion on the scaffold. Moreover, the results showed that the use of coating with poly-3-hydroxybutyrate saved the factors and placed the osteoblasts within the pore. Since the main part of bone consists of HA, the TiO2 accelerates the formation of apatite crystals at the scaffold surface which is the evidence for bone tissue regeneration. Conclusions: It is likely that the relation between HA and TiO2 leads to an increase in osteoblast adhesion and growth of cells on the scaffold surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babak Pourmollaabbassi
- Department of Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Basic Science and Nuclear Engineering, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad Branch, Najafabad, Iran
| | - Saeed Karbasi
- Department of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, School of Advance Technology in Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Batool Hashemibeni
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Meagher MJ, Weiss-Bilka HE, Best ME, Boerckel JD, Wagner DR, Roeder RK. Acellular hydroxyapatite-collagen scaffolds support angiogenesis and osteogenic gene expression in an ectopic murine model: Effects of hydroxyapatite volume fraction. J Biomed Mater Res A 2016; 104:2178-88. [PMID: 27112109 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Revised: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Acellular hydroxyapatite (HA) reinforced collagen scaffolds were previously reported to induce angiogenesis and osteogenesis after ectopic implantation but the effect of the HA volume fraction was not investigated. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the effect of HA volume fraction on in vivo angiogenesis and osteogenesis in acellular collagen scaffolds containing 0, 20, and 40 vol % HA after subcutaneous ectopic implantation for up to 12 weeks in mice. Endogenous cell populations were able to completely and uniformly infiltrate the entire scaffold within 6 weeks independent of the HA content, but the cell density was increased in scaffolds containing HA versus collagen alone. Angiogenesis, remodeling of the original scaffold matrix, mineralization, and osteogenic gene expression were evident in scaffolds containing HA, but were not observed in collagen scaffolds. Moreover, HA promoted a dose-dependent increase in measured vascular density, cell density, matrix deposition, and mineralization. Therefore, the results of this study suggest that HA promoted the recruitment and differentiation of endogenous cell populations to support angiogenic and osteogenic activity in collagen scaffolds after subcutaneous ectopic implantation. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 104A: 2178-2188, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Meagher
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, Bioengineering Graduate Program, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, 46556
| | - Holly E Weiss-Bilka
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, Bioengineering Graduate Program, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, 46556
| | - Margaret E Best
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, Bioengineering Graduate Program, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, 46556
| | - Joel D Boerckel
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, Bioengineering Graduate Program, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, 46556
| | - Diane R Wagner
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indiana University Purdue University at Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, 46202
| | - Ryan K Roeder
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, Bioengineering Graduate Program, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, 46556
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Chan KW, Liao CZ, Wong HM, Kwok Yeung KW, Tjong SC. Preparation of polyetheretherketone composites with nanohydroxyapatite rods and carbon nanofibers having high strength, good biocompatibility and excellent thermal stability. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra22134j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The WST-1 assay shows that the PEEK/15 vol% nHA–1.9 vol% CNF hybrid composite has excellent biocompatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang Chan
- Department of Physics and Materials Science
- City University of Hong Kong
- Kowloon
- Hong Kong
| | - Cheng Zhu Liao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- South University of Science and Technology of China
- Shenzhen
- China
| | - Hoi Man Wong
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology
- Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine
- The University of Hong Kong
- Hong Kong
| | - Kelvin Wai Kwok Yeung
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology
- Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine
- The University of Hong Kong
- Hong Kong
| | - Sie Chin Tjong
- Department of Physics and Materials Science
- City University of Hong Kong
- Kowloon
- Hong Kong
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11
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Khanal SP, Mahfuz H, Rondinone AJ, Leventouri T. Improvement of the fracture toughness of hydroxyapatite (HAp) by incorporation of carboxyl functionalized single walled carbon nanotubes (CfSWCNTs) and nylon. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2015; 60:204-210. [PMID: 26706523 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2015.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Revised: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The potential of improving the fracture toughness of synthetic hydroxyapatite (HAp) by incorporating carboxyl functionalized single walled carbon nanotubes (CfSWCNTs) and polymerized ε-caprolactam (nylon) was studied. A series of HAp samples with CfSWCNTs concentrations varying from 0 to 1.5 wt.%, without, and with nylon addition was prepared. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) were used to characterize the samples. The three point bending test was applied to measure the fracture toughness of the composites. A reproducible value of 3.6±0.3 MPa.√m was found for samples containing 1 wt.% CfSWCNTs and nylon. This value is in the range of the cortical bone fracture toughness. Increase of the CfSWCNTs content results to decrease of the fracture toughness, and formation of secondary phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- S P Khanal
- Department of Physics, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, United States.
| | - H Mahfuz
- Department of Ocean and Mechanical Engineering, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, United States
| | - A J Rondinone
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, United States
| | - Th Leventouri
- Department of Physics, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, United States
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Abstract
In recent years, a significant achievement has been made in developing biomaterials, in particular the design of bioceramics, from natural sources for various biomedical applications. In this review, we discuss the fundamentals of structure, function and characteristics of human bone, its calcium and phosphate composition, role and importance of bioceramics for bone repairing or regeneration. This review also outlines various isolation techniques and the application of novel marine-derived hydroxyapatite (HA) and tri-calcium phosphate (TCP) for biocomposites engineering, and their potentials for bone substitute and bone regeneration.
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13
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Dorozhkin SV. Calcium Orthophosphate-Containing Biocomposites and Hybrid Biomaterials for Biomedical Applications. J Funct Biomater 2015; 6:708-832. [PMID: 26262645 PMCID: PMC4598679 DOI: 10.3390/jfb6030708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 08/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The state-of-the-art on calcium orthophosphate (CaPO4)-containing biocomposites and hybrid biomaterials suitable for biomedical applications is presented. Since these types of biomaterials offer many significant and exciting possibilities for hard tissue regeneration, this subject belongs to a rapidly expanding area of biomedical research. Through the successful combinations of the desired properties of matrix materials with those of fillers (in such systems, CaPO4 might play either role), innovative bone graft biomaterials can be designed. Various types of CaPO4-based biocomposites and hybrid biomaterials those are either already in use or being investigated for biomedical applications are extensively discussed. Many different formulations in terms of the material constituents, fabrication technologies, structural and bioactive properties, as well as both in vitro and in vivo characteristics have been already proposed. Among the others, the nano-structurally controlled biocomposites, those containing nanodimensional compounds, biomimetically fabricated formulations with collagen, chitin and/or gelatin, as well as various functionally graded structures seem to be the most promising candidates for clinical applications. The specific advantages of using CaPO4-based biocomposites and hybrid biomaterials in the selected applications are highlighted. As the way from a laboratory to a hospital is a long one and the prospective biomedical candidates have to meet many different necessities, the critical issues and scientific challenges that require further research and development are also examined.
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Hermán V, González G, Noris-Suárez K, Albano C, Karam A, Romero K, Yndriago L, Marquez A, Lozada L. Biocompatibility studies of HDPE–HA composites with different HA content. Polym Bull (Berl) 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-015-1454-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Furtos G, Naghiu MA, Declercq H, Gorea M, Prejmerean C, Pana O, Tomoaia-Cotisel M. Nano forsterite biocomposites for medical applications: Mechanical properties and bioactivity. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2015; 104:1290-301. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.33396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Revised: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Furtos
- Department of Dental Materials; Raluca Ripan Institute of Research in Chemistry, Babes-Bolyai University; Cluj-Napoca Romania
| | - Marieta-Adriana Naghiu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Babes-Bolyai University; Cluj-Napoca Romania
| | - Heidi Declercq
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Tissue Engineering Group; Ghent University; Ghent Belgium
| | - Maria Gorea
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Babes-Bolyai University; Cluj-Napoca Romania
| | - Cristina Prejmerean
- Department of Dental Materials; Raluca Ripan Institute of Research in Chemistry, Babes-Bolyai University; Cluj-Napoca Romania
| | - Ovidiu Pana
- Physics of Nanostructured Systems Department; National Institute for R&D of Isotopic and Molecular Technology; Cluj-Napoca Romania
| | - Maria Tomoaia-Cotisel
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Babes-Bolyai University; Cluj-Napoca Romania
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Barati D, Walters JD, Shariati SRP, Moeinzadeh S, Jabbari E. Effect of organic acids on calcium phosphate nucleation and osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells on peptide functionalized nanofibers. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:5130-5140. [PMID: 25879768 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b00615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Carboxylate-rich organic acids play an important role in controlling the growth of apatite crystals and the extent of mineralization in the natural bone. The objective of this work was to investigate the effect of organic acids on calcium phosphate (CaP) nucleation on nanofiber microsheets functionalized with a glutamic acid peptide and osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) seeded on the CaP-nucleated microsheets. High molecular weight poly(dl-lactide) (DL-PLA) was mixed with low molecular weight L-PLA conjugated with Glu-Glu-Gly-Gly-Cys peptide, and the mixture was electrospun to generate aligned nanofiber microsheets. The nanofiber microsheets were incubated in a modified simulated body fluid (mSBF) supplemented with different organic acids for nucleation and growth of CaP crystals on the nanofibers. Organic acids included citric acid (CA), hydroxycitric acid (HCA), tartaric acid (TART), malic acid (MA), ascorbic acid (AsA), and salicylic acid (SalA). HCA microsheets had the highest CaP content at 240 ± 10% followed by TART and CA with 225 ± 8% and 225 ± 10%, respectively. The Ca/P ratio and percent crystallinity of the nucleated CaP in TART microsheets was closest to that of stoichiometric hydroxyapatite. The extent of CaP nucleation and growth on the nanofiber microsheets depended on the acidic strength and number of hydrogen-bonding hydroxyl groups of the organic acids. Compressive modulus and degradation of the CaP nucleated microsheets were related to percent crystallinity and CaP content. Osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs seeded on the microsheets and cultured in osteogenic medium increased only for those microsheets nucleated with CaP by incubation in CA or AsA-supplemented mSBF. Further, only CA microsheets stimulated bone nodule formation by the seeded hMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danial Barati
- Biomimetic Materials and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Joshua D Walters
- Biomimetic Materials and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Seyed Ramin Pajoum Shariati
- Biomimetic Materials and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Seyedsina Moeinzadeh
- Biomimetic Materials and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Esmaiel Jabbari
- Biomimetic Materials and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
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17
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Ma R, Tang S, Tan H, Lin W, Wang Y, Wei J, Zhao L, Tang T. Preparation, characterization, and in vitro osteoblast functions of a nano-hydroxyapatite/polyetheretherketone biocomposite as orthopedic implant material. Int J Nanomedicine 2014; 9:3949-61. [PMID: 25170265 PMCID: PMC4145828 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s67358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A bioactive composite was prepared by incorporating 40 wt% nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA) into polyetheretherketone (PEEK) through a process of compounding, injection, and molding. The mechanical and surface properties of the nHA/PEEK composite were characterized, and the in vitro osteoblast functions in the composite were investigated. The mechanical properties (elastic modulus and compressive strength) of the nHA/PEEK composite increased significantly, while the tensile strength decreased slightly as compared with PEEK. Further, the addition of nHA into PEEK increased the surface roughness and hydrophilicity of the nHA/PEEK composite. In cell tests, compared with PEEK and ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene, it was found that the nHA/PEEK composite could promote the functions of MC3T3-E1 cells, including cell attachment, spreading, proliferation, alkaline phosphatase activity, calcium nodule formation, and expression of osteogenic differentiation-related genes. Incorporation of nHA into PEEK greatly improved the bioperformance of PEEK. The nHA/PEEK composite might be a promising orthopedic implant material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Ma
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implants, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, People's Republic of China
| | - Songchao Tang
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education and The State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Honglue Tan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implants, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, People's Republic of China
| | - Wentao Lin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implants, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, People's Republic of China
| | - Yugang Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implants, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Wei
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education and The State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Liming Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education and The State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Tang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implants, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, People's Republic of China
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18
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Frandsen CJ, Brammer KS, Noh K, Johnston G, Jin S. Tantalum coating on TiO2 nanotubes induces superior rate of matrix mineralization and osteofunctionality in human osteoblasts. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2014; 37:332-41. [PMID: 24582257 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2014.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2013] [Revised: 12/28/2013] [Accepted: 01/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nanostructured surface geometries have been the focus of a multitude of recent biomaterial research, and exciting findings have been published. However, only a few publications have directly compared nanostructures of various surface chemistries. The work herein directly compares the response of human osteoblast cells to surfaces of identical nanotube geometries with two well-known orthopedic biomaterials: titanium oxide (TiO2) and tantalum (Ta). The results reveal that the Ta surface chemistry on the nanotube architecture enhances alkaline phosphatase activity, and promotes a ~30% faster rate of matrix mineralization and bone-nodule formation when compared to results on bare TiO2 nanotubes. This study implies that unique combinations of surface chemistry and nanostructure may influence cell behavior due to distinctive physico-chemical properties. These findings are of paramount importance to the orthopedics field for understanding cell behavior in response to subtle alterations in nanostructure and surface chemistry, and will enable further insight into the complex manipulation of biomaterial surfaces. With increased focus in the field of orthopedic materials research on nanostructured surfaces, this study emphasizes the need for careful and systematic review of variations in surface chemistry in concurrence with nanotopographical changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine J Frandsen
- Materials Science & Engineering, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States
| | - Karla S Brammer
- Materials Science & Engineering, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States
| | - Kunbae Noh
- Corporate Research Institute, Cheil Industries, Inc., Gocheon-Dong, Uiwang-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, 437-711, Republic of Korea
| | - Gary Johnston
- Materials Science & Engineering, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States
| | - Sungho Jin
- Materials Science & Engineering, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States; Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States.
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Zhou S, Li YB, Wang YY, Zuo Y, Gao SB, Zhang L. Injection-molded porous hydroxyapatite/polyamide-66 scaffold for bone repair and investigations on the experimental conditions. POLYM ENG SCI 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.23636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Song Zhou
- Analytical and Testing Center, Sichuan University; Chengdu 610064 People's Republic of China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University; Chengdu 610500 People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Bao Li
- Analytical and Testing Center, Sichuan University; Chengdu 610064 People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Ying Wang
- Analytical and Testing Center, Sichuan University; Chengdu 610064 People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Zuo
- Analytical and Testing Center, Sichuan University; Chengdu 610064 People's Republic of China
| | - Shi-Bo Gao
- Analytical and Testing Center, Sichuan University; Chengdu 610064 People's Republic of China
| | - Li Zhang
- Analytical and Testing Center, Sichuan University; Chengdu 610064 People's Republic of China
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20
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Kim DH, Kim P, Suh K, Kyu Choi S, Ho Lee S, Kim B. Modulation of adhesion and growth of cardiac myocytes by surface nanotopography. CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS : ... ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL CONFERENCE 2012; 2005:4091-4. [PMID: 17281132 DOI: 10.1109/iembs.2005.1615362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We have introduced well-defined nanopillar arrays of polyethylene glycol (PEG) as a platform for studying the adhesion and growth of cultured cardiomyocytes. The nanopillar arrays were fabricated by using a simple molding technique involving the placement of a patterned polyurethane acrylate mold on top of a drop-dispensed ultraviolet (UV) curable PEG polymer followed by UV exposure and mold removal. The adhesion and growth of cardiomyocytes turned out be guided by an external nanotopography, which has been characterized in terms of cell morphology and cytoskeletal arrangement. In particular, the nanopillars provided guiding posts to both elongating filopodia and expanding lamellipodia. Interestingly, the 3D growth of cardiomyocytes was mediated by the increased hydrophobicity of the nanostructured PEG substrate, indicating that the cell adhesion and growth is very sensitive to the nanotopography. The precise nanostructures of PEG-based polymer with controlled geometrical features presented in this study not only open opportunities for understanding and tailoring cell adhesion and growth, but could serve as a template for better tissue engineering by controlling cellular activities at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deok-Ho Kim
- Member, IEEE, Microsystem Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 138-791, Korea
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21
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Obata A, Hasegawa D, Nakamura J, Jones JR, Kasuga T. Induction of hydroxycarbonate apatite formation on polyethylene or alumina substrates by spherical vaterite particles deposition. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2012; 32:1976-1981. [PMID: 34062684 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2012.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2011] [Revised: 04/10/2012] [Accepted: 05/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Hydroxycarbonate apatite (HCA) layers were formed on polyethylene (PE) or alumina substrates by depositing spherical sub-micron vaterite particles and then immersing in simulated body fluid (SBF). HCA formation on vaterite-coated PE was faster than that on coated alumina (3days for PE and 7days for alumina). The adsorption of phosphate ions on the vaterite particles in SBF was studied by monitoring changes in the concentration of phosphorous in SBF and the surface charges of vaterite during the SBF immersion. The phosphorous concentration of SBF in which a vaterite-coated PE was immersed for 1h was lower than that in which a vaterite-coated alumina was immersed. Zeta potential of the vaterite surface deposited on PE drastically decreased after 1h immersion in SBF. The vaterite particles deposited on each substrate immediately adsorbed phosphate ions in SBF. The amount of ions adsorbing on the vaterite surfaces deposited on PE was larger than that on alumina. This was attributed to differences in the surface charges between PE (-16mV) and alumina (+38mV). The phosphate adsorption was predominantly electrostatic therefore related to the surface charge of vaterite particles. The surface charges of substrates may affect the charge of vaterite particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Obata
- Department of Frontier Materials, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8555, Japan; Department of Materials, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
| | - Daiki Hasegawa
- Department of Frontier Materials, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8555, Japan
| | - Jin Nakamura
- Department of Frontier Materials, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8555, Japan
| | - Julian R Jones
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Toshihiro Kasuga
- Department of Frontier Materials, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8555, Japan
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22
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Alhashimi RA, Mannocci F, Foxton RM, Deb S. Synthesis and Preliminary Evaluation of a Polyolefin-based Core for Carrier-based Root Canal Obturation. J Endod 2012; 38:983-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2012.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2012] [Revised: 04/05/2012] [Accepted: 04/10/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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23
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Acevedo-Morantes CY, Irizarry-Ortiz RA, Caceres-Valencia PG, Singh SP, Ramirez-Vick JE. Combinatorial growth of oxide nanoscaffolds and its influence in osteoblast cell adhesion. JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS 2012; 111:102810-1028107. [PMID: 22670064 PMCID: PMC3365913 DOI: 10.1063/1.4714727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2011] [Accepted: 08/26/2011] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We report a novel method for high-throughput investigations on cell-material interactions based on metal oxide nanoscaffolds. These scaffolds possess a continuous gradient of various titanium alloys allowing the compositional and morphological variation that could substantially improve the formation of an osseointegrative interface with bone. The model nanoscaffold has been fabricated on commercially pure titanium (cp-Ti) substrate with a compositional gradients of tin (Sn), chromium (Cr), and niobium (Nb) deposited using a combinatorial approach followed by annealing to create native oxide surface. As an invitro test system, the human fetal osteoblastic cell line (hFOB 1.19) has been used. Cell-adhesion of hFOB 1.19 cells and the suitability of these alloys have been evaluated for cell-morphology, cell-number, and protein adsorption. Although, cell-morphology was not affected by surface composition, cell-proliferation rates varied significantly with surface metal oxide composition; with the Sn- and Nb-rich regions showing the highest proliferation rate and the Cr-rich regions presenting the lowest. The results suggest that Sn and Nb rich regions on surface seems to promote hFOB 1.19 cell proliferation and may therefore be considered as implant material candidates that deserve further analysis.
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24
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Zhou S, Zhang L, Wang YY, Zuo Y, Gao SB, Li YB. A Novel Hydroxyapatite/Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate/Copolymer 66 Composite for Hard Tissue Regeneration. J MACROMOL SCI B 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/00222348.2011.562116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Song Zhou
- a Analytical and Testing Center , Sichuan University , Chengdu, P. R. China
- b School of Materials Science and Engineering , Southwest Petroleum University , Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Li Zhang
- a Analytical and Testing Center , Sichuan University , Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Yan-Ying Wang
- a Analytical and Testing Center , Sichuan University , Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Yi Zuo
- a Analytical and Testing Center , Sichuan University , Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Shi-Bo Gao
- a Analytical and Testing Center , Sichuan University , Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Bao Li
- a Analytical and Testing Center , Sichuan University , Chengdu, P. R. China
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Abstract
The state-of-the-art of biocomposites and hybrid biomaterials based on calcium orthophosphates that are suitable for biomedical applications is presented in this review. Since these types of biomaterials offer many significant and exciting possibilities for hard tissue regeneration, this subject belongs to a rapidly expanding area of biomedical research. Through successful combinations of the desired properties of matrix materials with those of fillers (in such systems, calcium orthophosphates might play either role), innovative bone graft biomaterials can be designed. Various types of biocomposites and hybrid biomaterials based on calcium orthophosphates, either those already in use or being investigated for biomedical applications, are extensively discussed. Many different formulations, in terms of the material constituents, fabrication technologies, structural and bioactive properties as well as both in vitro and in vivo characteristics, have already been proposed. Among the others, the nanostructurally controlled biocomposites, those containing nanodimensional compounds, biomimetically fabricated formulations with collagen, chitin and/or gelatin as well as various functionally graded structures seem to be the most promising candidates for clinical applications. The specific advantages of using biocomposites and hybrid biomaterials based on calcium orthophosphates in the selected applications are highlighted. As the way from the laboratory to the hospital is a long one, and the prospective biomedical candidates have to meet many different necessities, this review also examines the critical issues and scientific challenges that require further research and development.
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26
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Brydone AS, Meek D, Maclaine S. Bone grafting, orthopaedic biomaterials, and the clinical need for bone engineering. Proc Inst Mech Eng H 2011; 224:1329-43. [PMID: 21287823 DOI: 10.1243/09544119jeim770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
As the population ages, the number of operations performed on bone is expected to increase. Diseases such as arthritis, tumours, and trauma can lead to defects in the skeleton requiring an operation to replace or restore the lost bone. Surgeons can use autografts, allografts, and/or bone graft substitutes to restore areas of bone loss. Surgical implants are also used in addition or in isolation to replace the diseased bone. This review considers the application of available bone grafts in different clinical settings. It also discusses recently introduced bioactive biomaterials and highlights the clinical difficulties and technological deficiencies that exist in our current surgical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Brydone
- Southern General Hospital, 1345 Govan Road, Glasgow G51 4TF, UK
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27
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Machado HB, Correia RN, Covas JA. Synthesis, extrusion and rheological behaviour of PU/HA composites for biomedical applications. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2010; 21:2057-2066. [PMID: 20405172 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-010-4079-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2008] [Accepted: 04/01/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Biostable polyurethane/hydroxyapatite (PU/HA) composites with potential application as bone replacement materials were synthesized in bulk and processed in a screw extruder. The polyurethanes (PU) were prepared by reacting an aliphatic diisocyanate, 4-methylene-bis-diisocyanate (MDI), with poly-(epsilon-caprolactone) (PCL) diols and polytetramethylene oxide (PTMO) of different molecular weights, extended with 1, 4-butanediol (BDO). Glass-transition temperatures were measured by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The specific PU groups were assessed by total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR). The effects of polymer chemistry and filler content on the rheological behaviour were studied by oscillatory rheometry. Polymers with larger chain lengths showed higher viscosity and, for identical chain lengths, polyether urethanes seem to have higher viscosities than polyester based urethanes. A lubricating effect was found for composites containing 50% weight of filler, whereas at higher filler contents a solid-like behaviour was measured. Polymer chemistry seems to be affected by ageing but not so by the presence of filler. Ageing is characterized by a decrease in the concentration of hydrogen bonds involving between urethane linkages.
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Affiliation(s)
- H B Machado
- Department of Ceramic Engineering, Univ. Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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28
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Perrier A, Dumas V, Linossier MT, Fournier C, Jurdic P, Rattner A, Vico L, Guignandon A. Apatite content of collagen materials dose-dependently increases pre-osteoblastic cell deposition of a cement line-like matrix. Bone 2010; 47:23-33. [PMID: 20303420 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2010.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2010] [Revised: 03/08/2010] [Accepted: 03/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Bone matrix, mainly composed of type I collagen and apatite, is constantly modified during the bone remodeling process, which exposes bone cells to various proportions of mineralized collagen within bone structural units. Collagen-mineralized substrates have been shown to increase osteoblast activities. We hypothesized that such effects may be explained by a rapid secretion of specific growth factors and/or deposition of specific matrix proteins. Using MC3T3-E1 seeded for 32h on collagen substrates complexed with various apatite contents, we found that pre-osteoblasts in contact with mineralized collagen gave rise to a dose-dependent deposit of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-A (VEGF-A) and RGD-containing proteins such as osteopontin (OPN) and fibronectin (FN). This RGD-matrix deposition reinforced the cell adhesion to collagen-mineralized substrates. It was also observed that, on these substrates, this matrix was elaborated concomitantly to an increased cell migration, allowing a homogeneous coverage of the sample. This particular surface activation was probably done firstly to reinforce cell survival (VEGF-A) and adhesion (OPN, FN) and secondly to recruit and prepare surfaces for subsequent bone cell activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Perrier
- Université de Lyon, F42023, Saint-Etienne, France
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29
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Tanner KE. Bioactive ceramic-reinforced composites for bone augmentation. J R Soc Interface 2010; 7 Suppl 5:S541-57. [PMID: 20591846 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2010.0229.focus] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomaterials have been used to repair the human body for millennia, but it is only since the 1970s that man-made composites have been used. Hydroxyapatite (HA)-reinforced polyethylene (PE) is the first of the 'second-generation' biomaterials that have been developed to be bioactive rather than bioinert. The mechanical properties have been characterized using quasi-static, fatigue, creep and fracture toughness testing, and these studies have allowed optimization of the production method. The in vitro and in vivo biological properties have been investigated with a range of filler content and have shown that the presence of sufficient bioactive filler leads to a bioactive composite. Finally, the material has been applied clinically, initially in the orbital floor and later in the middle ear. From this initial combination of HA in PE other bioactive ceramic polymer composites have been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- K E Tanner
- School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
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30
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31
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Jayabalan M, Shalumon KT, Mitha MK, Ganesan K, Epple M. The effect of radiation processing and filler morphology on the biomechanical stability of a thermoset polyester composite. Biomed Mater 2010; 5:25009. [DOI: 10.1088/1748-6041/5/2/025009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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32
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Converse GL, Conrad TL, Merrill CH, Roeder RK. Hydroxyapatite whisker-reinforced polyetherketoneketone bone ingrowth scaffolds. Acta Biomater 2010; 6:856-63. [PMID: 19665061 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2009.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2008] [Revised: 07/30/2009] [Accepted: 08/03/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Hydroxyapatite (HA) whisker-reinforced polyetherketoneketone (PEKK) bone ingrowth scaffolds were prepared and characterized. High levels of porosity (75-90%) and HA whisker reinforcement (0-40 vol.%) were attained using a powder processing approach to mix the HA whiskers, PEKK powder and a NaCl porogen, followed by compression molding at 350-375 degrees Celsius and particle leaching to remove the porogen. The scaffold architecture and microstructure exhibited characteristics known to be favorable for osteointegration. Scaffold porosity was interconnected with a mean pore size in the range 200-300 microm as measured by micro-computed tomography. HA whiskers were embedded within and exposed on the surface of scaffold struts, producing a microscale surface topography, shown by von Kossa staining and scanning electron microscopy. Therefore, HA whisker-reinforced PEKK bone ingrowth scaffolds may be advantageous for orthopedic implant fixation, including interbody spinal fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel L Converse
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
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33
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Zhang Y, Hao L, Savalani MM, Harris RA, Di Silvio L, Tanner KE. In vitro biocompatibility of hydroxyapatite-reinforced polymeric composites manufactured by selective laser sintering. J Biomed Mater Res A 2010; 91:1018-27. [PMID: 19107791 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.32298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The selective laser sintering (SLS) technique was used to manufacture hydroxyapatite-reinforced polyethylene and polyamide composites as potential customized maxillofacial implants. In vitro tests were carried out to assess cellular responses, in terms of cell attachment, morphology, proliferation, differentiation, and mineralized nodule formation, using primary human osteoblast cells. This study showed that the SLS composite processed was biocompatible, with no adverse effects observed on cell viability and metabolic activity, supporting a normal metabolism and growth pattern for osteoblasts. Positive von Kossa staining demonstrated the presence of bone-like mineral on the SLS materials. Higher hydroxyapatite content composites enhanced cell proliferation, increased alkaline phosphatase activity, and produced more osteocalcin. The present findings showed that SLS materials have good in vitro biocompatibility and hence demonstrated biologically the potential of SLS for medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Zhang
- Department of Materials, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK
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35
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Jack KS, Velayudhan S, Luckman P, Trau M, Grøndahl L, Cooper-White J. The fabrication and characterization of biodegradable HA/PHBV nanoparticle-polymer composite scaffolds. Acta Biomater 2009; 5:2657-67. [PMID: 19375396 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2009.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2008] [Revised: 03/05/2009] [Accepted: 03/17/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This study reports the fabrication and characterization of nano-sized hydroxyapatite (HA)/poly(hydroxyabutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) polymer composite scaffolds with high porosity and controlled pore architectures. These scaffolds were prepared using a modified thermally induced phase-separation technique. This investigation focuses on the effect of fabrication conditions on the overall pore architecture of the scaffolds and the dispersion of HA nanocrystals within the composite scaffolds. The morphologies, mechanical properties and in vitro bioactivity of the composite scaffolds were investigated. It was noted that the pore architectures could be manipulated by varying phase-separation parameters. The HA particles were dispersed in the pore walls of the scaffolds and were well bonded to the polymer. The introduction of HA greatly increased the stiffness and strength, and improved the in vitro bioactivity of the scaffolds. The results suggest these newly developed nano-HA/PHBV composite scaffolds may serve as an effective three-dimensional substrate in bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin S Jack
- Centre for Nanotechnology and Biomaterials (Level 4E), The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia
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36
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Kane RJ, Converse GL, Roeder RK. Effects of the reinforcement morphology on the fatigue properties of hydroxyapatite reinforced polymers. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2009; 1:261-8. [PMID: 19578474 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2008.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to examine the effects of the hydroxyapatite (HA) reinforcement morphology and content on the fatigue behavior of HA reinforced high density polyethylene (HDPE). To this end, HDPE was reinforced with 20 and 40 vol% of either HA whiskers or an equiaxed HA powder, and tested in four-point bending fatigue under simulated physiological conditions. The fatigue life, mechanical property degradation and failure surfaces were compared between experimental groups. HDPE reinforced with HA whiskers exhibited a four- to five-fold increase (p < 0.001, T-test) in fatigue life compared to an equiaxed powder for either the 20 and 40 vol% reinforcement level. Composites containing 40 vol% HA exhibited decreased fatigue life compared to those with 20 vol% HA for either reinforcement morphology (p < 0.0001, ANOVA). HA whisker reinforced HDPE exhibited less stiffness loss, permanent deformation (creep) and energy dissipation at a given number of cycles compared to HA powder. Thus, HA whisker reinforced HDPE was more tolerant of fatigue damage due to either microcracking or polymer plasticity. Scanning electron microscopy of failure surfaces and surface microcracks showed evidence of toughening by uncracked ligaments, crack tip plasticity, polymer fibril bridging and HA whisker pullout. The results of this study suggest that the use of HA whiskers, in place of HA powder, is a straightforward means to improve the fatigue life and damage tolerance of HA reinforced polymers for synthetic bone substitutes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Kane
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, The University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA.
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Turco G, Marsich E, Bellomo F, Semeraro S, Donati I, Brun F, Grandolfo M, Accardo A, Paoletti S. Alginate/Hydroxyapatite Biocomposite For Bone Ingrowth: A Trabecular Structure With High And Isotropic Connectivity. Biomacromolecules 2009; 10:1575-83. [DOI: 10.1021/bm900154b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Turco
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Giorgieri 1, Trieste I-34127, Italy, Department of Electrotechnics, Electronics and Informatics, University of Trieste, Via A. Valerio 10, Trieste I-34127, Italy, and Sector of Neurobiology, International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), 34014 Trieste, Italy
| | - Eleonora Marsich
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Giorgieri 1, Trieste I-34127, Italy, Department of Electrotechnics, Electronics and Informatics, University of Trieste, Via A. Valerio 10, Trieste I-34127, Italy, and Sector of Neurobiology, International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), 34014 Trieste, Italy
| | - Francesca Bellomo
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Giorgieri 1, Trieste I-34127, Italy, Department of Electrotechnics, Electronics and Informatics, University of Trieste, Via A. Valerio 10, Trieste I-34127, Italy, and Sector of Neurobiology, International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), 34014 Trieste, Italy
| | - Sabrina Semeraro
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Giorgieri 1, Trieste I-34127, Italy, Department of Electrotechnics, Electronics and Informatics, University of Trieste, Via A. Valerio 10, Trieste I-34127, Italy, and Sector of Neurobiology, International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), 34014 Trieste, Italy
| | - Ivan Donati
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Giorgieri 1, Trieste I-34127, Italy, Department of Electrotechnics, Electronics and Informatics, University of Trieste, Via A. Valerio 10, Trieste I-34127, Italy, and Sector of Neurobiology, International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), 34014 Trieste, Italy
| | - Francesco Brun
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Giorgieri 1, Trieste I-34127, Italy, Department of Electrotechnics, Electronics and Informatics, University of Trieste, Via A. Valerio 10, Trieste I-34127, Italy, and Sector of Neurobiology, International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), 34014 Trieste, Italy
| | - Micaela Grandolfo
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Giorgieri 1, Trieste I-34127, Italy, Department of Electrotechnics, Electronics and Informatics, University of Trieste, Via A. Valerio 10, Trieste I-34127, Italy, and Sector of Neurobiology, International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), 34014 Trieste, Italy
| | - Agostino Accardo
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Giorgieri 1, Trieste I-34127, Italy, Department of Electrotechnics, Electronics and Informatics, University of Trieste, Via A. Valerio 10, Trieste I-34127, Italy, and Sector of Neurobiology, International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), 34014 Trieste, Italy
| | - Sergio Paoletti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Giorgieri 1, Trieste I-34127, Italy, Department of Electrotechnics, Electronics and Informatics, University of Trieste, Via A. Valerio 10, Trieste I-34127, Italy, and Sector of Neurobiology, International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), 34014 Trieste, Italy
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38
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Ning C, Zhou Y. Correlations between the in vitro and in vivo bioactivity of the Ti/HA composites fabricated by a powder metallurgy method. Acta Biomater 2008; 4:1944-52. [PMID: 18502711 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2008.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2007] [Revised: 03/22/2008] [Accepted: 04/04/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Ti/HA composites were successfully prepared by a powder metallurgy method and the effect of phase composition on the in vitro and in vivo bioactivity of the Ti/HA composites was investigated in the present study. The correlations between the in vitro and in vivo biological behaviors were highlighted. The results showed that the in vitro and in vivo bioactivity of the Ti/HA composites was dependent on their phase composition. The in vitro bioactivity of the Ti/HA composites was evaluated in simulated body fluid with ion concentrations similar to those of human plasma. After immersion in the simulated body fluid for a certain time, apatite precipitations formed on the surface of the composites with an initial titanium content of 50 and 70 wt.%, and no apatite was found on the surface of the composite with 30% titanium. Ti(2)O was responsible for the apatite formation on the surfaces of the composites. For in vivo analysis, Ti/HA cylinders were implanted in the metaphases of the rabbit femur. At the early stage of implantation, the new bone formed on the surface of the composite with 30% titanium was much less than that on the surfaces of the composites with 50% and 70% titanium. All the Ti/HA composites formed a chemical bone-bonding interface with the host bone by 6 months after implantation. The Ti/HA composites formed the bone-bonding interface with the surrounding bone through an apatite layer. The results in the present study suggested that the in vivo results agreed well with the in vitro results.
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39
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Albano C, Cataño L, Figuera L, Perera R, Karam A, González G, Noris K. EVALUATION OF A COMPOSITE BASED ON HIGH-DENSITY POLYETHYLENE FILLED WITH SURFACE-TREATED HYDROXYAPATITE. Polym Bull (Berl) 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-008-1011-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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40
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Suwanprateeb J, Sanngam R, Suwanpreuk W. Fabrication of bioactive hydroxyapatite/bis-GMA based composite via three dimensional printing. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2008; 19:2637-2645. [PMID: 18197365 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-007-3362-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2007] [Accepted: 12/28/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxyapatite/bis-GMA composites were processed by new technique which comprised three dimensional printing (3DP) of hydroxyapatite and then impregnation by bis-GMA based resin. Two types of composites which used either as-fabricated green 3DP samples or 1,300 degrees C sintered 3DP samples were studied. It was found that both 3DP composites have higher flexural modulus, strength and strain at break than the initial 3DP hydroxyapatite sample. Composites produced from sintered sample has higher hydroxyapatite content, higher density and greater modulus, but lower strength and strain at break than composite produced from green 3DP sample. In vitro toxicity shows that 3DP hydroxyapatite/bis-GMA based composites are non-toxic. Osteoblast cells were observed to attach and attain normal morphology on the surface of composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Suwanprateeb
- National Metal and Materials Technology Center, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Ministry of Science and Technology, Klong, Klongluang, Pathumthani, Thailand.
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41
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Zhao CX, Zhang WD. Preparation of waterborne polyurethane nanocomposites: Polymerization from functionalized hydroxyapatite. Eur Polym J 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2008.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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42
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Yari Sadi A, Shokrgozar MA, Homaeigohar SS, Khavandi A. Biological evaluation of partially stabilized zirconia added HA/HDPE composites with osteoblast and fibroblast cell lines. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2008; 19:2359-2365. [PMID: 18157686 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-007-3336-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2007] [Accepted: 11/21/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, the biocompatibility of partially stabilized zirconia (PSZ) added hydroxyapatite (HA)--high density polyethylene (HDPE) composites was evaluated by proliferation and cell attachment assays on two osteoblast cell lines (G-292, Saos-2) and a type of fibroblast cell isolated from bone tissue namely HBF in different time intervals. Cell-material interactions on the surface of the composites were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The effect of composites on the behavior of osteoblast and fibroblast cells was compared with those of HDPE and Tissue Culture Poly Styrene (TPS) (as negative control) samples. Results showed that the composite samples supported a higher proliferation rate of osteoblast cells in the presence of composite samples as compared to the HDPE and TPS samples after 3, 7 and 14 days of incubation period. It was showed that an equal or in some cases an even higher proliferation rate of G-292 and Saos-2 osteoblast cells on composite samples in compare to negative controls in culture period (P < 0.05). The number of adhered cells on the composite samples was equal and in some cases higher than the number adhered on the HDPE and TPS samples after the above mentioned incubation periods (P < 0.05). Adhered cells presented a normal morphology by SEM and many of the cells were seen to be undergoing cell division.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Yari Sadi
- National Cell Bank of Iran, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
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43
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Burguera EF, Xu HHK, Sun L. Injectable calcium phosphate cement: effects of powder-to-liquid ratio and needle size. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2008; 84:493-502. [PMID: 17635038 PMCID: PMC2652762 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.30896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Calcium phosphate cement (CPC) sets in situ and forms apatite with excellent osteoconductivity and bone-replacement capability. The objectives of this study were to formulate an injectable tetracalcium phosphate-dicalcium phosphate cement (CPC(D)), and investigate the powder/liquid ratio and needle-size effects. The injection force (mean +/- SD; n = 4) to extrude the paste increased from (8 +/- 2) N using a 10-gauge needle to (144 +/- 17) N using a 21-gauge needle (p < 0.05). With the 10-gauge needle, the mass percentage of extruded paste was (95 +/- 4)% at a powder/liquid ratio of 3; it decreased to (70 +/- 12)% at powder/liquid = 3.5 (p < 0.05). A relationship was established between injection force, F, and needle lumen cross-sectional area, A: F = 5.0 + 38.7/A(0.8). Flexural strength, S, (mean +/- SD; n = 5) increased from (5.3 +/- 0.8) MPa at powder/liquid= 2 to (11.0 +/- 0.8) MPa at powder/liquid = 3.5 (p < 0.05). Pore volume fraction, P, ranged from 62.4% to 47.9%. A relationship was established: S = 47.7 x (1 - P)(2.3). The strength of the injectable CPC(D) matched/exceeded the reported strengths of sintered porous hydroxyapatite implants that required machining. The novel injectable CPC(D) with a relatively high strength may be useful in filling defects with limited accessibility such as periodontal repair and tooth root-canal fillings, and in minimally-invasive techniques such as percutaneous vertebroplasty to fill the lesions and to strengthen the osteoporotic bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena F Burguera
- Paffenbarger Research Center, American Dental Association Foundation, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899-8546, USA
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44
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Dimitrievska S, Petit A, Ajji A, Bureau MN, Yahia L. Biocompatibility of novel polymer-apatite nanocomposite fibers. J Biomed Mater Res A 2008; 84:44-53. [PMID: 17600325 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.31338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
On the basis of the bioactivity of hydroxyapatite (HA) and the excellent mechanical and biocompatible performance of polyethylene terephthalate (PET), composite microfibers made of nanograde HA with PET was designed and fabricated to mimic the structure of biological bone, which exhibits a composite of nanograde apatite crystals and natural polymer. The PET/HA nanocomposite was molded into fibers so that the bulk structures' mechanical properties can be custom tailored by changing the final 3D orientation of the fibbers. This study focused on the in vitro biocompatibility evaluation of the PET/HA composite fibers as potential bone fixation biomaterial for total hip replacement prosthesis surfaces. The MTT assay was performed with the extracts of the composite fibers in order to evaluate the short-term effects of the degradation products. The cell morphology of L929 mouse fibroblast cell line was analyzed after direct contact with the fiber scaffolds for different time periods, and the cell viability was also analyzed by the Alamar Blue assay. The release of the inflammatory cytokine, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), from RAW 264.7 macrophages in the presence of fiber extracts and fibers was used as a measure of the inflammatory response. The ability of the fiber matrices to support L929 attachment, spreading, and growth in vitro, combined with the compatible degradation extracts and low inflammation potential of the fibers and extracts, suggests potential use of these fibers as load-baring bone fixation biomaterial structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sashka Dimitrievska
- Ecole Polytechnique de Montréal, Laboratoire d'Innovation et d'Analyse de Bioperformance-LIAB-Institut de génie biomédical-Ecole Polytechnique de Montréal, Quebec, Canada H3C3A7
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45
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Jing Xi, Ling Zhang, Zhenhu An Zheng, Guoqiang Chen, Yandao Gong, Nanming Zhao, Xiufang Zhang. Preparation and Evaluation of Porous Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate)— Hydroxyapatite Composite Scaffolds. J Biomater Appl 2008; 22:293-307. [DOI: 10.1177/0885328207075425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) (PHBHHx) and PHBHHx—hydroxyapatite (HAP) composite scaffolds have been prepared by phase separation and subsequent sublimation of the solvent for bone tissue engineering. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), porosity measurement, mechanical tests, and thermogravimertric analysis (TGA) are used to analyze the physical properties of the scaffolds. The biocompatibility and osteoconductivity are assessed by examining the morphology, proliferation, and differentiation of MC3T3-E1 osteoprogenitor cells seeded on the scaffolds. The PHBHHx—HAP composite scaffolds show better mechanical properties, biocompatibility, and osteoconductivity than the PHBHHx scaffolds. The results suggest that PHBHHx—HAP composite scaffolds can be employed as a promising candidate for bone reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xi
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhenhu An Zheng
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Guoqiang Chen
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yandao Gong
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Nanming Zhao
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiufang Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China,
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46
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Converse GL, Yue W, Roeder RK. Processing and tensile properties of hydroxyapatite-whisker-reinforced polyetheretherketone. Biomaterials 2007; 28:927-35. [PMID: 17113143 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2006.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2006] [Accepted: 10/30/2006] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) was reinforced with 0-50 vol% hydroxyapatite (HA) whiskers using a novel powder processing and compression molding technique which enabled uniform mixing at high whisker content. Texture analysis showed that viscous flow during compression molding produced a preferred orientation of whiskers along the specimen tensile axis. Consequently, the elastic modulus or ultimate tensile strength of HA-whisker-reinforced PEEK was able to be tailored to mimic human cortical bone. PEEK reinforced with 40 and 50 vol% HA whiskers exhibited elastic moduli of 17 and 23 GPa, respectively. Elastic constants were measured using ultrasonic wave propagation and revealed an orthotropic anisotropy also similar to that measured in human cortical bone. PEEK reinforced with 10 and 20 vol% HA whiskers exhibited an ultimate tensile strength of 90 and 75 MPa, respectively. Tensile specimen fracture surfaces showed evidence of brittle failure in both reinforced and un-reinforced PEEK. Whisker pullout was observed with PEEK adhered to HA whiskers, suggesting a relatively strong interface between the PEEK matrix and HA whisker reinforcements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel L Converse
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, The University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
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47
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Abstract
Stem cells play increasingly prominent roles in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Pluripotent embryonic stem (ES) cells theoretically allow every cell type in the body to be regenerated. Adult stem cells have also been identified and isolated from every major tissue and organ, some possessing apparent pluripotency comparable to that of ES cells. However, a major limitation in the translation of stem cell technologies to clinical applications is the supply of cells. Advances in biomaterials engineering and scaffold fabrication enable the development of ex vivo cell expansion systems to address this limitation. Progress in biomaterial design has also allowed directed differentiation of stem cells into specific lineages. In addition to delivering biochemical cues, various technologies have been developed to introduce micro- and nano-scale features onto culture surfaces to enable the study of stem cell responses to topographical cues. Knowledge gained from these studies portends the alteration of stem cell fate in the absence of biological factors, which would be valuable in the engineering of complex organs comprising multiple cell types. Biomaterials may also play an immunoprotective role by minimizing host immunoreactivity toward transplanted cells or engineered grafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chou Chai
- Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kam W Leong
- Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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48
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Zhang Y, Tanner KE, Gurav N, Di Silvio L. In vitro osteoblastic response to 30 vol% hydroxyapatite-polyethylene composite. J Biomed Mater Res A 2007; 81:409-17. [PMID: 17117474 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.31078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Hydroxyapatite-reinforced high-density polyethylene (HA-HDPE) composite, as a bone replacement material, has successfully been used clinically as middle ear prostheses and orbital floor implants. The aim of this study was to examine its in vitro biocompatibility in order to develop a further application, that is, as skull reconstruction implants. Human osteoblast cells isolated from femoral heads and crania were used to determine the biological response of the composites. HA-HDPE composites (30 vol %) with two grades of HA filler that had different surface morphologies were selected for this in vitro assessment. The results showed that HA-HDPE composite was bioactive and supported osteoblast attachment, proliferation, and differentiation. The composite with rough-surfaced HA filler demonstrated slightly better cellular response than the composite with smooth-surfaced HA filler. Although osteoblastic cells derived from skull showed an overall slower response compared with those from femoral heads, these in vitro results show that HA-HDPE composite potentially could be used as a skull implant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Zhang
- Department of Materials, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom.
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49
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Hao L, Savalani MM, Zhang Y, Tanner KE, Harris RA. Selective laser sintering of hydroxyapatite reinforced polyethylene composites for bioactive implants and tissue scaffold development. Proc Inst Mech Eng H 2006; 220:521-31. [PMID: 16808068 DOI: 10.1243/09544119jeim67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Selective laser sintering (SLS) has been investigated for the production of bioactive implants and tissue scaffolds using composites of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) reinforced with hydroxyapatite (HA) with the aim of achieving the rapid manufacturing of customized implants. Single-layer and multilayer block specimens made of HA-HDPE composites with 30 and 40 vol % HA were sintered successfully using a CO2 laser sintering system. Laser power and scanning speed had a significant effect on the sintering behaviour. The degree of particle fusion and porosity were influenced by the laser processing parameters, hence control can be attained by varying these parameters. Moreover, the SLS processing allowed exposure of HA particles on the surface of the composites and thereby should provide bioactive products. Pores existed in the SLS-fabricated composite parts and at certain processing parameters a significant fraction of the pores were within the optimal sizes for tissue regeneration. The results indicate that the SLS technique has the potential not only to fabricate HA-HDPE composite products but also to produce appropriate features for their application as bioactive implants and tissue scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Hao
- Rapid Manufacturing Research Group, Wolfson School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, UK.
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50
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Ozeki K, Aoki H, Fukui Y. Dissolution behavior and in vitro evaluation of sputtered hydroxyapatite films subject to a low temperature hydrothermal treatment. J Biomed Mater Res A 2006; 76:605-13. [PMID: 16278871 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.30574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Hydroxyapatite (HA) was coated onto titanium substrates using radio frequency sputtering. Some of the as-sputtered films were hydrothermally recrystallized at 110 degrees C. In immersion tests, the as-sputtered film completely dissolved after 2 days in a culture medium, whereas the thickness of hydrothermally treated films increased with an increase in immersion period, reaching a thickness of 127% after a period of 4 weeks. The proliferation and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity of MC3T3-E1 osteoblast-like cells on the as-sputtered and hydrothermally treated films were investigated, and the cell morphology was also observed using scanning electron microscopy. The proliferation of MC3T3-E1 cells on the as-sputtered films was suppressed, whereas proliferation on the hydrothermally treated films was comparable to that on control and titanium substrate. The suppression of cell proliferation is associated with an increase in pH of the culture medium caused by dissolution of the as-sputtered film. After a 96-h culture time, the ALP activity of the cells on the hydrothermally treated film was higher than that on the control, titanium substrate, and as-sputtered film samples. From scanning electron microscopic observations, it was found that the MC3T3-E1 cells on the hydrothermally treated films were elongated and had established more intricate filopodia networks with each other, which were also observed for MC3T3-E1 cells on the as-sputtered films after a period of 24 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Ozeki
- Frontier Research and Development Center, Tokyo Denki University, Ishizaka, Hatoyama, Hiki, Saitama, 350-0394, Japan.
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