1
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Green DM, Moeck EK, Takarangi MKT. The effect of image category and incidental arousal on boundary restriction. Conscious Cogn 2024; 122:103695. [PMID: 38761426 DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2024.103695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
People's memory for scenes has consequences, including for eyewitness testimony. Negative scenes may lead to a particular memory error, where narrowed scene boundaries lead people to recall being closer to a scene than they were. But boundary restriction-including attenuation of the opposite phenomenon boundary extension-has been difficult to replicate, perhaps because heightened arousal accompanying negative scenes, rather than negative valence itself, drives the effect. Indeed, in Green et al. (2019) arousal alone, conditioned to a particular neutral image category, increased boundary restriction for images in that category. But systematic differences between image categories may have driven these results, irrespective of arousal. Here, we clarify whether boundary restriction stems from the external arousal stimulus or image category differences. Presenting one image category (everyday-objects), half accompanied by arousal (Experiment 1), and presenting both neutral image categories (everyday-objects, nature), without arousal (Experiment 2), resulted in no difference in boundary judgement errors. These findings suggest that image features-including inherent valence, arousal, and complexity-are not sufficient to induce boundary restriction or reduce boundary extension for neutral images, perhaps explaining why boundary restriction is inconsistently demonstrated in the lab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deanne M Green
- Flinders University, Australia; The University of Adelaide, Australia.
| | - Ella K Moeck
- The University of Adelaide, Australia; The University of Melbourne, Australia
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2
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Huang Y, Zhan L, Zhong S, Sun M, Wang C, Yang C, Wu X. Sustaining attention in visuomotor timing is associated with location-based binding. Vision Res 2024; 219:108405. [PMID: 38569222 DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2024.108405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Maintaining focus of attention over prolonged periods can be challenging, especially when the target stimulus is absent from the temporal sequence. Prior research has shown that a temporal attentional cue filling in the temporal blank can improve sustained attention: in a sustained visual attention task requiring synchronizing finger tapping with a temporally regular sequence composed of brief flash disks interleaved with blank periods, task performance was improved when a continuous fixation point that served as a temporal attentional cue was presented superimposed on the disk stimulus. To test the hypothesis that binding the temporal attentional cue with the target temporal sequence by spatial overlapping is crucial for enhancing sustained attention, the present study conducted a series of three experiments that deconstructed the bound connection between the cue and the sequence stimulus. In Experiment 1, the cue was placed above or below a flash disk. In Experiment 2, the cue was between two vertically arranged flash disks. In Experiment 3, the cue was in a flash ring. No significant effect of sustained attention improvement was found in any of the three experiments. Experiment 4 further replicated these null results and the previously observed effect of sustained attention improvement when the temporal cue was superimposed on the sequence stimulus. Our finding demonstrates that binding by spatial overlapping during the temporal blank when the sequence stimulus is absent is critical for enhancing sustained attention, which should be beneficial for improving performance across a broader range of tasks that require prolonged maintenance of attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingyu Huang
- Department of Psychology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Liying Zhan
- Department of Psychology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; School of Education, Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqing, Guangdong, China
| | - Shengqi Zhong
- Department of Psychology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Mi Sun
- Department of Psychology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chaolun Wang
- Department of Psychology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chengbin Yang
- Department of Psychology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiang Wu
- Department of Psychology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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3
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Caravati E, Barbeni F, Chiarion G, Raggi M, Mesin L. Closed-Loop Transcranial Electrical Neurostimulation for Sustained Attention Enhancement: A Pilot Study towards Personalized Intervention Strategies. Bioengineering (Basel) 2024; 11:467. [PMID: 38790334 PMCID: PMC11118513 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11050467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Sustained attention is pivotal for tasks like studying and working for which focus and low distractions are necessary for peak productivity. This study explores the effectiveness of adaptive transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in either the frontal or parietal region to enhance sustained attention. The research involved ten healthy university students performing the Continuous Performance Task-AX (AX-CPT) while receiving either frontal or parietal tDCS. The study comprised three phases. First, we acquired the electroencephalography (EEG) signal to identify the most suitable metrics related to attention states. Among different spectral and complexity metrics computed on 3 s epochs of EEG, the Fuzzy Entropy and Multiscale Sample Entropy Index of frontal channels were selected. Secondly, we assessed how tDCS at a fixed 1.0 mA current affects attentional performance. Finally, a real-time experiment involving continuous metric monitoring allowed personalized dynamic optimization of the current amplitude and stimulation site (frontal or parietal). The findings reveal statistically significant improvements in mean accuracy (94.04 vs. 90.82%) and reaction times (262.93 vs. 302.03 ms) with the adaptive tDCS compared to a non-stimulation condition. Average reaction times were statistically shorter during adaptive stimulation compared to a fixed current amplitude condition (262.93 vs. 283.56 ms), while mean accuracy stayed similar (94.04 vs. 93.36%, improvement not statistically significant). Despite the limited number of subjects, this work points out the promising potential of adaptive tDCS as a tailored treatment for enhancing sustained attention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Luca Mesin
- Mathematical Biology and Physiology, Department Electronics and Telecommunications, Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Turin, Italy; (E.C.); (F.B.); (G.C.); (M.R.)
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4
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Smith JN, Jusko ML, Fosco WD, Musser ED, Raiker JS. A critical review of hot executive functioning in youth attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Methodological limitations, conceptual considerations, and future directions. Dev Psychopathol 2024; 36:601-615. [PMID: 36734223 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579422001432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Hot executive functioning (EF) - EF under emotionally or motivationally salient conditions - is a putative etiology of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), disruptive behavior problems (DBPs), and their related impairments. Despite two decades of research, the present study is the first review of the construct in youth ADHD, with a particular focus on the role of task design, age, and DBPs, as well as relevant conceptual and methodological considerations. While certain hot EF tasks have been investigated extensively (e.g., choice impulsivity), substantial inconsistency in measurement of the broader construct remains, severely limiting conclusions. Future research should a) consider the extent to which various hot EF tasks relate to one another, a higher order factor, and other related constructs; b) further investigate task design, particularly the elicitation of emotion or motivation and its anticipated effect on EF; and c) incorporate multiple levels of analysis to validate similarities and differences among tasks with regard to the affective experiences and cognitive demands they elicit. With improved measurement and conceptual clarity, hot EF has potential to advance the literature on etiological pathways to ADHD, DBPs and associated impairments and, more broadly, may represent a useful tool for understanding the influence of emotion and motivation on cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Erica D Musser
- Florida International University (FIU), USA
- FIU Center for Children and Families, USA
- FIU Embrace, USA
| | - Joseph S Raiker
- Florida International University (FIU), USA
- FIU Center for Children and Families, USA
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5
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Zhang Z, Rosenberg MD. Assessing the impact of attention fluctuations on statistical learning. Atten Percept Psychophys 2024; 86:1086-1107. [PMID: 37985597 DOI: 10.3758/s13414-023-02805-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Attention fluctuates between optimal and suboptimal states. However, whether these fluctuations affect how we learn visual regularities remains untested. Using web-based real-time triggering, we investigated the impact of sustained attentional state on statistical learning using online and offline measures of learning. In three experiments (N = 450), participants performed a continuous performance task (CPT) with shape stimuli. Unbeknownst to participants, we measured response times (RTs) preceding each trial in real time and inserted distinct shape triplets in the trial stream when RTs indicated that a participant was attentive or inattentive. We measured online statistical learning using changes in RTs to regular triplets relative to random triplets encountered in the same attentional states. We measured offline statistical learning with a target detection task in which participants responded to target shapes selected from the regular triplets and with tasks in which participants explicitly re-created the regular triplets or selected regular shapes from foils. Online learning evidence was greater in high vs. low attentional states when combining data from all three experiments, although this was not evident in any experiment alone. On the other hand, we saw no evidence of impacts of attention fluctuations on measures of statistical learning collected offline, after initial exposure in the CPT. These results suggest that attention fluctuations may impact statistical learning while regularities are being extracted online, but that these effects do not persist to subsequent tests of learning about regularities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwei Zhang
- Department of Psychology, The University of Chicago, 5848 S University Ave, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
| | - Monica D Rosenberg
- Department of Psychology, The University of Chicago, 5848 S University Ave, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
- Neuroscience Institute, The University of Chicago, 5812 South Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
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6
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Zhao S, Contadini-Wright C, Chait M. Cross-Modal Interactions Between Auditory Attention and Oculomotor Control. J Neurosci 2024; 44:e1286232024. [PMID: 38331581 PMCID: PMC10941240 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1286-23.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Microsaccades are small, involuntary eye movements that occur during fixation. Their role is debated with recent hypotheses proposing a contribution to automatic scene sampling. Microsaccadic inhibition (MSI) refers to the abrupt suppression of microsaccades, typically evoked within 0.1 s after new stimulus onset. The functional significance and neural underpinnings of MSI are subjects of ongoing research. It has been suggested that MSI is a component of the brain's attentional re-orienting network which facilitates the allocation of attention to new environmental occurrences by reducing disruptions or shifts in gaze that could interfere with processing. The extent to which MSI is reflexive or influenced by top-down mechanisms remains debated. We developed a task that examines the impact of auditory top-down attention on MSI, allowing us to disentangle ocular dynamics from visual sensory processing. Participants (N = 24 and 27; both sexes) listened to two simultaneous streams of tones and were instructed to attend to one stream while detecting specific task "targets." We quantified MSI in response to occasional task-irrelevant events presented in both the attended and unattended streams (frequency steps in Experiment 1, omissions in Experiment 2). The results show that initial stages of MSI are not affected by auditory attention. However, later stages (∼0.25 s postevent onset), affecting the extent and duration of the inhibition, are enhanced for sounds in the attended stream compared to the unattended stream. These findings provide converging evidence for the reflexive nature of early MSI stages and robustly demonstrate the involvement of auditory attention in modulating the later stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijia Zhao
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX2 6GG, United Kingdom
| | | | - Maria Chait
- Ear Institute, University College London, London WC1X 8EE, United Kingdom
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7
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Nan W, Yang W, Gong A, Kadosh RC, Ros T, Fu Y, Wan F. Successful learning of alpha up-regulation through neurofeedback training modulates sustained attention. Neuropsychologia 2024; 195:108804. [PMID: 38242318 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2024.108804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
As a fundamental attention function, sustained attention plays a critical role in general cognitive abilities and is closely linked to EEG alpha oscillations. Neurofeedback training (NFT) of alpha activity on different aspects of attention has been studied previously. However, it remains unclear how NFT with up- or down-regulation directions modulates sustained attention. Here we employed a counterbalanced single-blind sham-controlled crossover design, in which healthy young adults underwent one NFT session of alpha up-regulation, one NFT session of alpha down-regulation, and one sham-control NFT session over the posterior area. The session order was counterbalanced with a 7-day interval between each session. After each NFT session, the participants completed a visual continuous temporal expectancy task (vCTET) to assess their sustained attention performance. The results showed that compared to sham-control NFT, successful learning of alpha up-regulation resulted in increased reaction time at the beginning of the attention task but a slower increase over vCTET blocks. On the other hand, successful learning of alpha down-regulation had no impact on attention performance compared to sham-control NFT. These findings suggest that successful learning of alpha up-regulation through NFT could impair initial attention performance but slow down visual attention deterioration over time, i.e., alpha enhancement by NFT stabilizing visual attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenya Nan
- School of Psychology, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Wenjie Yang
- School of Psychology, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Anmin Gong
- School of Information Engineering, Engineering University of People's Armed Police, Xi'an, China; School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | | | - Tomas Ros
- Departments of Neuroscience and Psychiatry, University of Geneva, Campus Biotech, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Yunfa Fu
- School of Automation and Information Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China.
| | - Feng Wan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau, China
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8
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Gao K, He H, Lu B, Xie Q, Lu J, Yao D, Luo C, Li G. Discrepant changes in structure-function coupling in dancers and musicians. Cereb Cortex 2024; 34:bhae068. [PMID: 38489785 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhae068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Dance and music are well known to improve sensorimotor skills and cognitive functions. To reveal the underlying mechanism, previous studies focus on the brain plastic structural and functional effects of dance and music training. However, the discrepancy training effects on brain structure-function relationship are still blurred. Thus, proficient dancers, musicians, and controls were recruited in this study. The graph signal processing framework was employed to quantify the region-level and network-level relationship between brain function and structure. The results showed the increased coupling strength of the right ventromedial putamen in the dance and music groups. Distinctly, enhanced coupling strength of the ventral attention network, increased coupling strength of the right inferior frontal gyrus opercular area, and increased function connectivity of coupling function signal between the right and left middle frontal gyrus were only found in the dance group. Besides, the dance group indicated enhanced coupling function connectivity between the left inferior parietal lobule caudal area and the left superior parietal lobule intraparietal area compared with the music groups. The results might illustrate dance and music training's discrepant effect on the structure-function relationship of the subcortical and cortical attention networks. Furthermore, dance training seemed to have a greater impact on these networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexin Gao
- School of Life Science and Technology, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, Center for Information in Medicine, The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Xiyuan Ave, West Hi-Tech Zone, Sichuan 611731, China
| | - Hui He
- School of Life Science and Technology, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, Center for Information in Medicine, The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Xiyuan Ave, West Hi-Tech Zone, Sichuan 611731, China
| | - Bao Lu
- School of Life Science and Technology, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, Center for Information in Medicine, The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Xiyuan Ave, West Hi-Tech Zone, Sichuan 611731, China
| | - Qiushui Xie
- Beijing Dance Academy, Wanshousi Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jing Lu
- School of Life Science and Technology, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, Center for Information in Medicine, The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Xiyuan Ave, West Hi-Tech Zone, Sichuan 611731, China
| | - Dezhong Yao
- School of Life Science and Technology, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, Center for Information in Medicine, The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Xiyuan Ave, West Hi-Tech Zone, Sichuan 611731, China
| | - Cheng Luo
- School of Life Science and Technology, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, Center for Information in Medicine, The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Xiyuan Ave, West Hi-Tech Zone, Sichuan 611731, China
| | - Gujing Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, Center for Information in Medicine, The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Xiyuan Ave, West Hi-Tech Zone, Sichuan 611731, China
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9
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Huang WA, Zhou ZC, Stitt IM, Ramasamy NS, Radtke-Schuller S, Frohlich F. Causal oscillations in the visual thalamo-cortical network in sustained attention in ferrets. Curr Biol 2024; 34:727-739.e5. [PMID: 38262418 PMCID: PMC10922762 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.12.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Sustained visual attention allows us to process and react to unpredictable, behaviorally relevant sensory input. Sustained attention engages communication between the higher-order visual thalamus and its connected cortical regions. However, it remains unclear whether there is a causal relationship between oscillatory circuit dynamics and attentional behavior in these thalamo-cortical circuits. By using rhythmic optogenetic stimulation in the ferret, we provide causal evidence that higher-order visual thalamus coordinates thalamo-cortical and cortico-cortical functional connectivity during sustained attention via spike-field phase locking. Increasing theta but not alpha power in the thalamus improved accuracy and reduced omission rates in a sustained attention task. Further, the enhancement of effective connectivity by stimulation was correlated with improved behavioral performance. Our work demonstrates a potential circuit-level causal mechanism for how the higher-order visual thalamus modulates cortical communication through rhythmic synchronization during sustained attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei A Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Carolina Center for Neurostimulation, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Zhe C Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Carolina Center for Neurostimulation, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Iain M Stitt
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Nivetha S Ramasamy
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Carolina Center for Neurostimulation, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Susanne Radtke-Schuller
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Carolina Center for Neurostimulation, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Flavio Frohlich
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Carolina Center for Neurostimulation, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Neurology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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10
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Seeburger DT, Xu N, Ma M, Larson S, Godwin C, Keilholz SD, Schumacher EH. Time-varying functional connectivity predicts fluctuations in sustained attention in a serial tapping task. COGNITIVE, AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2024; 24:111-125. [PMID: 38253775 PMCID: PMC10979291 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-024-01156-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
The mechanisms for how large-scale brain networks contribute to sustained attention are unknown. Attention fluctuates from moment to moment, and this continuous change is consistent with dynamic changes in functional connectivity between brain networks involved in the internal and external allocation of attention. In this study, we investigated how brain network activity varied across different levels of attentional focus (i.e., "zones"). Participants performed a finger-tapping task, and guided by previous research, in-the-zone performance or state was identified by low reaction time variability and out-of-the-zone as the inverse. In-the-zone sessions tended to occur earlier in the session than out-of-the-zone blocks. This is unsurprising given the way attention fluctuates over time. Employing a novel method of time-varying functional connectivity, called the quasi-periodic pattern analysis (i.e., reliable, network-level low-frequency fluctuations), we found that the activity between the default mode network (DMN) and task positive network (TPN) is significantly more anti-correlated during in-the-zone states versus out-of-the-zone states. Furthermore, it is the frontoparietal control network (FPCN) switch that differentiates the two zone states. Activity in the dorsal attention network (DAN) and DMN were desynchronized across both zone states. During out-of-the-zone periods, FPCN synchronized with DMN, while during in-the-zone periods, FPCN switched to synchronized with DAN. In contrast, the ventral attention network (VAN) synchronized more closely with DMN during in-the-zone periods compared with out-of-the-zone periods. These findings demonstrate that time-varying functional connectivity of low frequency fluctuations across different brain networks varies with fluctuations in sustained attention or other processes that change over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dolly T Seeburger
- School of Psychology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Nan Xu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Marcus Ma
- College of Computing, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sam Larson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Christine Godwin
- School of Psychology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Shella D Keilholz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Eric H Schumacher
- School of Psychology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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11
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Sedley W, Kumar S, Jones S, Levy A, Friston K, Griffiths T, Goldsmith P. Migraine as an allostatic reset triggered by unresolved interoceptive prediction errors. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 157:105536. [PMID: 38185265 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Until now, a satisfying account of the cause and purpose of migraine has remained elusive. We explain migraine within the frameworks of allostasis (the situationally-flexible, forward-looking equivalent of homeostasis) and active inference (interacting with the environment via internally-generated predictions). Due to its multimodality, and long timescales between cause and effect, allostasis is inherently prone to catastrophic error, which might be impossible to correct once fully manifest, an early indicator which is elevated prediction error (discrepancy between prediction and sensory input) associated with internal sensations (interoception). Errors can usually be resolved in a targeted manner by action (correcting the physiological state) or perception (updating predictions in light of sensory input); persistent errors are amplified broadly and multimodally, to prioritise their resolution (the migraine premonitory phase); finally, if still unresolved, progressive amplification renders further changes to internal or external sensory inputs intolerably intense, enforcing physiological stability, and facilitating accurate allostatic prediction updating. As such, migraine is an effective 'failsafe' for allostasis, however it has potential to become excessively triggered, therefore maladaptive.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Sedley
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, United Kingdom.
| | - Sukhbinder Kumar
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Siobhan Jones
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Levy
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, University College London, London WC1N 3AR, United Kingdom
| | - Karl Friston
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, University College London, London WC1N 3AR, United Kingdom
| | - Tim Griffiths
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, United Kingdom; Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, University College London, London WC1N 3AR, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 4LP, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Goldsmith
- Department of Neurology, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 4LP, United Kingdom; Institute of Global Health Innovation, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
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12
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González-Fernández FT, Silva AF, Castillo Rodriguez A, Onetti-Onetti W, Clemente FM. Effects of 8 weeks pre-season training on physical fitness, heart rate variability and cognition in women soccer players. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24955. [PMID: 38312538 PMCID: PMC10835283 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to explore the variations (pre-post) of (i) Anthropometric measures: weight, body mass index, lean and muscle mass, (ii) Physical fitness: countermovement jump (CMJ) and VO2max, (iii) heart rate variability (HRV) (recumbent and sitting): mean RR, RMSSD, NN50 and NN50 %, (iv) Psychomotor Vigilance Task, and v) SART: ACC Go, ACC NoGo and reaction times in semi-professional women soccer players from the second division of the Spanish League. The analysis indicated that lean mass improved after the observation period (p = .05, d = -0.38), while no other significant changes in anthropometric measures were observed. Additionally, CMJ and aerobic power were also improved (p<.01, d>0.50). The RMSSD [recumbent (d = -0.73) and sitting (d = -0.52)] and NN50 [recumbent (d = -0.69) and sitting (d = -0.70)] increased after the period of observation (p < .05). Reaction time also significantly improved after the period of observation [PVT (d = 0.42) and SART (d = -0.89)]. Correlations performed between measures revealed that smaller body mass and body mass index were largely associated with greater NN50 (r < 0.83, p = .001). Additionally, greater CMJ and aerobic fitness were associated with greater HRV [recumbent (r = -51, p = .001) and sitting (r = -0.60, p = .01). The main findings of this study were that there was no relationship between cognitive performance and physical fitness, but HRV was related to body composition and physical fitness during the pre-season in women soccer players.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana Filipa Silva
- Escola Superior Desporto e Lazer, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Portugal
- Sport Physical Activity and Health Research & Innovation Center, Viana do Castelo, Portugal
| | - Alfonso Castillo Rodriguez
- Departamento de Didáctica de las Lenguas, Artes y Deportes, Universidad de Málaga, Andalucía-Tech, IBIMA, Málaga, Spain
| | | | - Filipe Manuel Clemente
- Escola Superior Desporto e Lazer, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Portugal
- Sport Physical Activity and Health Research & Innovation Center, Viana do Castelo, Portugal
- Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336 Gdańsk, Poland
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Corsi MC, Sorrentino P, Schwartz D, George N, Gollo LL, Chevallier S, Hugueville L, Kahn AE, Dupont S, Bassett DS, Jirsa V, De Vico Fallani F. Measuring neuronal avalanches to inform brain-computer interfaces. iScience 2024; 27:108734. [PMID: 38226174 PMCID: PMC10788504 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Large-scale interactions among multiple brain regions manifest as bursts of activations called neuronal avalanches, which reconfigure according to the task at hand and, hence, might constitute natural candidates to design brain-computer interfaces (BCIs). To test this hypothesis, we used source-reconstructed magneto/electroencephalography during resting state and a motor imagery task performed within a BCI protocol. To track the probability that an avalanche would spread across any two regions, we built an avalanche transition matrix (ATM) and demonstrated that the edges whose transition probabilities significantly differed between conditions hinged selectively on premotor regions in all subjects. Furthermore, we showed that the topology of the ATMs allows task-decoding above the current gold standard. Hence, our results suggest that neuronal avalanches might capture interpretable differences between tasks that can be used to inform brain-computer interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Constance Corsi
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM, CNRS, Inserm, APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France
- Inria, Aramis Team, Paris, France
| | - Pierpaolo Sorrentino
- Institut de Neuroscience des Systèmes, Aix-Marseille University, Inserm, Marseille, France
| | - Denis Schwartz
- Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute, ICM, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université, CENIR, Centre MEG-EEG, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie George
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM, CNRS, Inserm, APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France
- Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute, ICM, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université, CENIR, Centre MEG-EEG, Paris, France
| | - Leonardo L. Gollo
- The Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, and Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | | | - Laurent Hugueville
- Institut de Neuroscience des Systèmes, Aix-Marseille University, Inserm, Marseille, France
| | - Ari E. Kahn
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
| | - Sophie Dupont
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM, CNRS, Inserm, APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | | | - Viktor Jirsa
- Institut de Neuroscience des Systèmes, Aix-Marseille University, Inserm, Marseille, France
| | - Fabrizio De Vico Fallani
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM, CNRS, Inserm, APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France
- Inria, Aramis Team, Paris, France
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14
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Pérez-González D, Lao-Rodríguez AB, Aedo-Sánchez C, Malmierca MS. Acetylcholine modulates the precision of prediction error in the auditory cortex. eLife 2024; 12:RP91475. [PMID: 38241174 PMCID: PMC10942646 DOI: 10.7554/elife.91475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
A fundamental property of sensory systems is their ability to detect novel stimuli in the ambient environment. The auditory brain contains neurons that decrease their response to repetitive sounds but increase their firing rate to novel or deviant stimuli; the difference between both responses is known as stimulus-specific adaptation or neuronal mismatch (nMM). Here, we tested the effect of microiontophoretic applications of ACh on the neuronal responses in the auditory cortex (AC) of anesthetized rats during an auditory oddball paradigm, including cascade controls. Results indicate that ACh modulates the nMM, affecting prediction error responses but not repetition suppression, and this effect is manifested predominantly in infragranular cortical layers. The differential effect of ACh on responses to standards, relative to deviants (in terms of averages and variances), was consistent with the representational sharpening that accompanies an increase in the precision of prediction errors. These findings suggest that ACh plays an important role in modulating prediction error signaling in the AC and gating the access of these signals to higher cognitive levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Pérez-González
- Cognitive and Auditory Neuroscience Laboratory, Institute of Neuroscience of Castilla y León, Calle Pintor Fernando GallegoSalamancaSpain
- Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL)SalamancaSpain
- Department of Basic Psychology, Psychobiology and Behavioural Science Methodology, Faculty of Psychology, Campus Ciudad Jardín, University of SalamancaSalamancaSpain
| | - Ana Belén Lao-Rodríguez
- Cognitive and Auditory Neuroscience Laboratory, Institute of Neuroscience of Castilla y León, Calle Pintor Fernando GallegoSalamancaSpain
- Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL)SalamancaSpain
| | - Cristian Aedo-Sánchez
- Cognitive and Auditory Neuroscience Laboratory, Institute of Neuroscience of Castilla y León, Calle Pintor Fernando GallegoSalamancaSpain
- Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL)SalamancaSpain
| | - Manuel S Malmierca
- Cognitive and Auditory Neuroscience Laboratory, Institute of Neuroscience of Castilla y León, Calle Pintor Fernando GallegoSalamancaSpain
- Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL)SalamancaSpain
- Department of Biology and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, University of SalamancaSalamancaSpain
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15
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Johns MA, Calloway RC, Karunathilake IMD, Decruy LP, Anderson S, Simon JZ, Kuchinsky SE. Attention Mobilization as a Modulator of Listening Effort: Evidence From Pupillometry. Trends Hear 2024; 28:23312165241245240. [PMID: 38613337 PMCID: PMC11015766 DOI: 10.1177/23312165241245240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Listening to speech in noise can require substantial mental effort, even among younger normal-hearing adults. The task-evoked pupil response (TEPR) has been shown to track the increased effort exerted to recognize words or sentences in increasing noise. However, few studies have examined the trajectory of listening effort across longer, more natural, stretches of speech, or the extent to which expectations about upcoming listening difficulty modulate the TEPR. Seventeen younger normal-hearing adults listened to 60-s-long audiobook passages, repeated three times in a row, at two different signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) while pupil size was recorded. There was a significant interaction between SNR, repetition, and baseline pupil size on sustained listening effort. At lower baseline pupil sizes, potentially reflecting lower attention mobilization, TEPRs were more sustained in the harder SNR condition, particularly when attention mobilization remained low by the third presentation. At intermediate baseline pupil sizes, differences between conditions were largely absent, suggesting these listeners had optimally mobilized their attention for both SNRs. Lastly, at higher baseline pupil sizes, potentially reflecting overmobilization of attention, the effect of SNR was initially reversed for the second and third presentations: participants initially appeared to disengage in the harder SNR condition, resulting in reduced TEPRs that recovered in the second half of the story. Together, these findings suggest that the unfolding of listening effort over time depends critically on the extent to which individuals have successfully mobilized their attention in anticipation of difficult listening conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. A. Johns
- Institute for Systems Research, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - R. C. Calloway
- Institute for Systems Research, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - I. M. D. Karunathilake
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - L. P. Decruy
- Institute for Systems Research, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - S. Anderson
- Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - J. Z. Simon
- Institute for Systems Research, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - S. E. Kuchinsky
- Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
- National Military Audiology and Speech Pathology Center, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD 20889, USA
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16
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Curley TM, Borghetti L, Morris MB. Gamma Power as an Index of Sustained Attention in Simulated Vigilance Tasks. Top Cogn Sci 2024; 16:113-128. [PMID: 37801689 DOI: 10.1111/tops.12700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
Performance on the psychomotor vigilance test (PVT; Dinges & Powell, 1985)-a common index of sustained attention-is affected by the opposing forces of fatigue and sustained effort, where reaction times and error rates typically increase across trials and are sometimes offset by additional efforts deployed toward the end of the task (i.e., an "end-spurt"; cf. Bergum & Klein, 1961). In ACT-R (Adaptive Control of Thought-Rational; Anderson et al., 2004), these influences on task performance have been modeled as latent variables that are inferred from performance (e.g., Jongman, 1998; Veksler & Gunzelmann, 2018) without connections to directly observable variables. We propose the use of frontal gamma (γ) spectral power as a direct measure of vigilant effort and demonstrate its efficacy in modeling performance on the PVT in both the aggregate and in individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor M Curley
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB
- Cubic Defense, Beavercreek
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17
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Spark DL, Ma S, Nowell CJ, Langmead CJ, Stewart GD, Nithianantharajah J. Sex-Dependent Attentional Impairments in a Subchronic Ketamine Mouse Model for Schizophrenia. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY GLOBAL OPEN SCIENCE 2024; 4:229-239. [PMID: 38298794 PMCID: PMC10829638 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsgos.2023.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The development of more effective treatments for schizophrenia targeting cognitive and negative symptoms has been limited, partly due to a disconnect between rodent models and human illness. Ketamine administration is widely used to model symptoms of schizophrenia in both humans and rodents. In mice, subchronic ketamine treatment reproduces key dopamine and glutamate dysfunction; however, it is unclear how this translates into behavioral changes reflecting positive, negative, and cognitive symptoms. Methods In male and female mice treated with either subchronic ketamine or saline, we assessed spontaneous and amphetamine-induced locomotor activity to measure behaviors relevant to positive symptoms, and used a touchscreen-based progressive ratio task of motivation and the rodent continuous performance test of attention to capture specific negative and cognitive symptoms, respectively. To explore neuronal changes underlying the behavioral effects of subchronic ketamine treatment, we quantified expression of the immediate early gene product, c-Fos, in key corticostriatal regions using immunofluorescence. Results We showed that spontaneous locomotor activity was unchanged in male and female subchronic ketamine-treated animals, and amphetamine-induced locomotor response was reduced. Subchronic ketamine treatment did not alter motivation in either male or female mice. In contrast, we identified a sex-specific effect of subchronic ketamine on attentional processing wherein female mice performed worse than control mice due to increased nonselective responding. Finally, we showed that subchronic ketamine treatment increased c-Fos expression in prefrontal cortical and striatal regions, consistent with a mechanism of widespread disinhibition of neuronal activity. Conclusions Our results highlight that the subchronic ketamine mouse model reproduces a subset of behavioral symptoms that are relevant for schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisy L. Spark
- Drug Discovery Biology Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Neuroscience & Mental Health Therapeutic Program Area, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Neuromedicines Discovery Centre, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sherie Ma
- Drug Discovery Biology Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Cameron J. Nowell
- Drug Discovery Biology Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christopher J. Langmead
- Drug Discovery Biology Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Neuroscience & Mental Health Therapeutic Program Area, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Neuromedicines Discovery Centre, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gregory D. Stewart
- Drug Discovery Biology Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Neuroscience & Mental Health Therapeutic Program Area, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Neuromedicines Discovery Centre, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jess Nithianantharajah
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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18
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Xing H, Wu Z, Chang Y, Ma M, Song Z, Liu Y, Dai H. Resting-State fMRI Study of Vigilance Under Circadian and Homeostatic Modulation Based on Fractional Amplitude of Low-Frequency Fluctuation and Regional Homogeneity in Humans Under Normal Entrained Conditions. J Magn Reson Imaging 2024; 59:211-222. [PMID: 37078514 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.28750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND How brain neural activity changes at multiple time points throughout the day and the neural mechanisms underlying time-dependent modulation of vigilance are less clear. PURPOSE To explore the effect of circadian rhythms and homeostasis on brain neural activity and the potential neural basis of time-dependent modulation of vigilance. STUDY TYPE Prospective. SUBJECTS A total of 30 healthy participants (22-27 years old). FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE A 3.0 T, T1-weighted imaging, echo-planar functional MRI (fMRI). ASSESSMENT Six resting-state fMRI (rs-fMRI) scanning sessions were performed at fixed times (9:00 h, 13:00 h, 17:00 h, 21:00 h, 1:00 h, and 5:00 h) to investigate fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (fALFF) and regional homogeneity (ReHo) diurnal variation. The fALFF/ReHo and the result of the psychomotor vigilance task were used to assess local neural activity and vigilance. STATISTICAL TESTS One-way repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to assess changes in vigilance (P < 0.05) and neural activity in the whole brain (P < 0.001 at the voxel level and P < 0.01 at the cluster level, Gaussian random field [GRF] corrected). Correlation analysis was used to examine the relationship between neural activity and vigilance at all-time points of the day. RESULTS The fALFF/ReHo in the thalamus and some perceptual cortices tended to increase from 9:00 h to 13:00 h and from 21:00 h to 5:00 h, whereas the key nodes of the default mode network (DMN) tended to decrease from 21:00 h to 5:00 h. The vigilance tended to decrease from 21:00 h to 5:00 h. The fALFF/ReHo in the thalamus and some perceptual cortices was negatively correlated with vigilance at all-time points of the day, whereas the fALFF/ReHo in the key nodes of the DMN was positively correlated with vigilance. DATA CONCLUSION Neural activities in the thalamus and some perceptual cortices show similar trends throughout the day, whereas the key nodes of the DMN show roughly opposite trends. Notably, diurnal variation of the neural activity in these brain regions may be an adaptive or compensatory response to changes in vigilance. EVIDENCE LEVEL 1. TECHNICAL EFFICACY 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanqi Xing
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiwei Wu
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Chang
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengya Ma
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziyang Song
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanqing Liu
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Dai
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Medical Imaging, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Intelligent Medicine and Equipment, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
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Dutra LS, Scoralich L, Shigaeff N. Remote cognitive rehabilitation of attention: a case series pilot study with post-stroke patients. Dement Neuropsychol 2023; 17:e20230045. [PMID: 38111591 PMCID: PMC10727026 DOI: 10.1590/1980-5764-dn-2023-0045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Cognitive deficits are highly prevalent following a stroke, with memory, attention, and psychomotor speed being among the most affected functions. Prior research indicates that cognitive rehabilitation for stroke patients yields substantial improvements in cognitive performance and concurrently exerts a positive influence on reducing depressive symptoms. Objective The goal of this study was to provide a description and assessment of the influence of cognitive rehabilitation on the attentional performance and depressive symptoms of individuals diagnosed with stroke. Methods Participants underwent a neuropsychological assessment both prior to and following a 15-week remote cognitive rehabilitation intervention. This intervention involved the implementation of various cognitive tasks aimed at rehabilitating attentional skills. Results The outcomes of the individualized descriptive assessment revealed a no table inclination towards enhanced attentional performance. The comparative results indicated that the cognitive rehabilitation intervention for stroke patients proved effective in facilitating a substantial reduction in depressive symptoms and enhancing participants' alternating attention. While it is acknowledged that certain individuals may still exhibit deficiencies in various facets of attentional performance, cognitive rehabilitation contributed to the clinical amelioration of these individuals. Conclusion Clinical improvement holds profound significance in the day-to-day existence of these individuals, bolstering their autonomy and fortifying their sense of self-efficacy, as attested by their personal perceptions and self-reports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letícia Silva Dutra
- Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Grupo Interdisciplinar de Pesquisa em Neuropsicologia e Gerontologia, Juiz de Fora MG, Brazil
| | - Larissa Scoralich
- Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Grupo Interdisciplinar de Pesquisa em Neuropsicologia e Gerontologia, Juiz de Fora MG, Brazil
| | - Nadia Shigaeff
- Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Grupo Interdisciplinar de Pesquisa em Neuropsicologia e Gerontologia, Juiz de Fora MG, Brazil
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20
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Löffler BS, Stecher HI, Meiser A, Fudickar S, Hein A, Herrmann CS. Attempting to counteract vigilance decrement in older adults with brain stimulation. FRONTIERS IN NEUROERGONOMICS 2023; 4:1201702. [PMID: 38234473 PMCID: PMC10790873 DOI: 10.3389/fnrgo.2023.1201702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Against the background of demographic change and the need for enhancement techniques for an aging society, we set out to repeat a study that utilized 40-Hz transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) to counteract the slowdown of reaction times in a vigilance experiment but with participants aged 65 years and older. On an oscillatory level, vigilance decrement is linked to rising occipital alpha power, which has been shown to be downregulated using gamma-tACS. Method We applied tACS on the visual cortex and compared reaction times, error rates, and alpha power of a group stimulated with 40 Hz to a sham and a 5-Hz-stimulated control group. All groups executed two 30-min-long blocks of a visual task and were stimulated according to group in the second block. We hypothesized that the expected increase in reaction times and alpha power would be reduced in the 40-Hz group compared to the control groups in the second block (INTERVENTION). Results Statistical analysis with linear mixed models showed that reaction times increased significantly over time in the first block (BASELINE) with approximately 3 ms/min for the SHAM and 2 ms/min for the 5-Hz and 40-Hz groups, with no difference between the groups. The increase was less pronounced in the INTERVENTION block (1 ms/min for SHAM and 5-Hz groups, 3 ms/min for the 40-Hz group). Differences among groups in the INTERVENTION block were not significant if the 5-Hz or the 40-Hz group was used as the base group for the linear mixed model. Statistical analysis with a generalized linear mixed model showed that alpha power was significantly higher after the experiment (1.37 μV2) compared to before (1 μV2). No influence of stimulation (40 Hz, 5 Hz, or sham) could be detected. Discussion Although the literature has shown that tACS offers potential for older adults, our results indicate that findings from general studies cannot simply be transferred to an old-aged group. We suggest adjusting stimulation parameters to the neurophysiological features expected in this group. Next to heterogeneity and cognitive fitness, the influence of motivation and medication should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birte S. Löffler
- Assistance Systems and Medical Device Technology, Department of Health Services Research, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Heiko I. Stecher
- Experimental Psychology Lab, Department of Psychology, European Medical School, Cluster of Excellence “Hearing4all”, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Arnd Meiser
- Experimental Psychology Lab, Department of Psychology, European Medical School, Cluster of Excellence “Hearing4all”, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Fudickar
- Assistance Systems and Medical Device Technology, Department of Health Services Research, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Hein
- Assistance Systems and Medical Device Technology, Department of Health Services Research, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Christoph S. Herrmann
- Experimental Psychology Lab, Department of Psychology, European Medical School, Cluster of Excellence “Hearing4all”, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
- Research Center Neurosensory Science, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
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Gravesteijn E, Adam JJ, Mensink RP, Winkens B, Plat J. Effects of the egg protein hydrolysate NWT-03 on cognitive function in men and women with the metabolic syndrome: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Nutr Neurosci 2023; 26:1212-1221. [PMID: 36373820 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2022.2144204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: The metabolic syndrome is associated with cardiovascular diseases and cognitive decline. The egg protein hydrolysate NWT-03 has shown to improve cardiovascular risk factors in humans. This study investigated whether NWT-03 also has an effect on cognitive function.Methods: Men and women with the metabolic syndrome (n = 76) with a mean age of 60 ± 10 years participated in this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over trial with an intervention (5 g/day NWT-03) and control period (5 g/day maltodextrin) of 4 weeks separated by a wash-out period of 2-8 weeks. Cognitive function was assessed with the anti-cue reaction time test (impulse control) and psychomotor vigilance test (sustained attention) at day 0, 2, and 27 of both periods. Serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) concentrations were measured at the start and end of both periods.Results: NWT-03 consumption significantly improved the change (day 27 - day 0) in response times of the anti-cue reaction time test compared with the control period (P < 0.001), but not of the psychomotor vigilance test (P = 0.487). Serum BDNF concentrations of all subjects did not significantly change (P = 0.241).Conclusion: NWT-03 has the ability to improve cognitive function within the executive function domain. The underlying mechanism warrants further research and could either be indirect via inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) or direct via passage of small peptides over the blood-brain barrier inducing local effects.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02561663.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elske Gravesteijn
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+ (MUMC+), Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Jos J Adam
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+ (MUMC+), Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Ronald P Mensink
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+ (MUMC+), Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Bjorn Winkens
- Department of Methodology and Statistics, CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University Medical Center+ (MUMC+), Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Jogchum Plat
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+ (MUMC+), Maastricht, Netherlands
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22
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DeGutis J, Aul C, Barthelemy OJ, Davis BL, Alshuaib S, Marin A, Kinger SB, Ellis TD, Cronin-Golomb A. Side of motor symptom onset predicts sustained attention deficits and motor improvements after attention training in Parkinson's disease. Neuropsychologia 2023; 190:108698. [PMID: 37806442 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2023.108698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Parkinson's disease (PD) side of motor symptom onset has been associated with distinct cognitive deficits; individuals with left-side onset (LPD) show more visuospatial impairments, whereas those with right-side onset (RPD) show more verbal impairments. Non-spatial attention is a critical cognitive ability associated with motor functioning that is right hemisphere lateralized but has not been characterized with regard to PD side of onset. We compared individuals with LPD and RPD on non-spatial attention tasks and examined differential responses to a 4-week sustained attention training program. METHOD Participants included 9 with LPD and 12 with RPD, who performed both brief and extended go/no-go continuous performance tasks and an attentional blink task. Participants also engaged in an at-home sustained attention training program, Tonic and Phasic Alertness Training (TAPAT), 5 days/week for 4 weeks. We assessed cognitive and motor symptoms before and after training, and after a 4-week no-contact period. RESULTS At baseline, participants with LPD exhibited worse performance than those with RPD on the extended continuous performance task, indicating specific deficits in sustaining attention. Poorer attention was associated with worse clinical motor scores. Notably, side of onset had a significant effect on clinical motor changes after sustained attention training, with only LPD participants improving after training, and 4/9 showing clinically meaningful improvements. CONCLUSIONS Compared to RPD, participants with LPD had poorer sustained attention pre-training and were more likely to improve on clinical motor functioning after sustained attention training. These findings support mechanistic differences between LPD and RPD and suggest potential differential treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph DeGutis
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA; Boston Attention and Learning Laboratory (BALLAB), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Courtney Aul
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA; Boston Attention and Learning Laboratory (BALLAB), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Olivier J Barthelemy
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Breanna L Davis
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shaikhah Alshuaib
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anna Marin
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shraddha B Kinger
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Terry D Ellis
- Department of Physical Therapy, Boston University College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences: Sargent College, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alice Cronin-Golomb
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.
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23
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Kimura R. Flexible information representation to stabilize sensory perception despite minor external input variations. Neurosci Res 2023; 195:1-8. [PMID: 37236268 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2023.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Sensory information about the environment constantly changes or varies depending on circumstances. However, once we repeatedly experience objects, our brain can perceive and recognize them as identical, even if they are slightly altered or include some diversity. We can stably perceive things without interference from minor external changes or variety. Our recent study focusing on visual perception showed that repeatedly viewing the same oriented grating stimuli enables information representation for low-contrast (or weak-intensity) orientations in the primary visual cortex. We observed low contrast-preferring neurons, whose firing rates increased by reducing the luminance contrast. The number of such neurons increased after the experience, and the neuronal population, including such neurons, can represent even low-contrast orientations. This study indicated that experience leads to flexible information representations that continuously respond to inputs of various strengths at the neuronal population level in the primary sensory cortex. In this perspective article, in addition to the above mechanism, I would discuss alternative mechanisms for perceptual stabilization. The primary sensory cortex represents external information faithfully without alterations, as well as in a state distorted by experience. Both sensory representations may cooperatively and dynamically affect hierarchical downstream, resulting in stable perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rie Kimura
- International Research Center for Neurointelligence, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
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24
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Adamczyk AK, Wyczesany M. Theta-band Connectivity within Cognitive Control Brain Networks Suggests Common Neural Mechanisms for Cognitive and Implicit Emotional Control. J Cogn Neurosci 2023; 35:1656-1669. [PMID: 37584600 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_02034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
Self-control is a core aspect of adaptive human behavior. It allows the attainment of personal goals by regulating unwanted thoughts, emotions, and behavior. Previous research highlighted the crucial role of cognitive control for explicitly pursued self-control and explicit emotion regulation strategies (such as cognitive reappraisal or attentional distraction). The present study investigated whether similar neural mechanisms would be involved in an implicit self-control task that acted as a covert emotion regulation strategy. Thirty-six female participants unscrambled sentences of either neutral (no-regulation condition) or neutral and self-control-related content (regulation condition) before passively viewing negative and neutral pictures. Compared with the no-regulation condition, implicit induction of self-control reduced the amplitude of the late positive potential to negative pictures, indicating successful emotion downregulation. Crucially, implicit self-control enhanced connectivity within the two cognitive control brain networks in the theta frequency band. Specifically, for the frontoparietal network, increased connectivity from the dorsolateral PFC to the intraparietal cortex was observed. For the cingulo-opercular network, increased connectivity from dorsal anterior cingulate cortex to the left anterior insula/frontal operculum and from the right anterior insula/frontal operculum to the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex was observed. These effects were accompanied by a decrease in prestimulus alpha power in the right primary visual cortex, suggesting adjustment of attentional and perceptual processes in preparation for the upcoming affective stimulation. Together, our results indicate that self-control enhances cognitive control that is necessary for setting, maintaining, and monitoring the achievement of self-control behavior, as well as regulation of attentional and emotional processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka K Adamczyk
- Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
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25
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Neal J, Song I, Katz B, Lee TH. Association of Intrinsic Functional Connectivity between the Locus Coeruleus and Salience Network with Attentional Ability. J Cogn Neurosci 2023; 35:1557-1569. [PMID: 37584586 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_02036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
The locus coeruleus (LC) is a brainstem region associated with broad neural arousal because of norepinephrine production, but it has increasingly been associated with specific cognitive processes. These include sustained attention, with deficits associated with various neuropsychological disorders. Neural models of attention deficits have focused on interrupted dynamics between the salience network (SAL) with the frontoparietal network, which has been associated with task-switching and processing of external stimuli, respectively. Conflicting findings for these regions suggest the possibility of upstream signaling leading to attention dysfunction, and recent research suggests LC involvement. In this study, resting-state functional connectivity and behavioral performance on an attention task was examined within 584 individuals. Analysis revealed significant clusters connected to LC activity in the SAL. Given previous findings that attention deficits may be caused by SAL network switching dysfunctions, findings here further suggest that dysfunction in LC-SAL connectivity may impair attention.
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26
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Cicero NG, Riley E, Swallow KM, De Rosa E, Anderson A. Attention-dependent coupling with forebrain and brainstem neuromodulatory nuclei changes across the lifespan. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.29.560190. [PMID: 37808626 PMCID: PMC10557698 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.29.560190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Attentional states continuously reflect the predictability and uncertainty in one's environment having important consequences for learning and memory. Beyond well known cortical contributions, rapid shifts in attention are hypothesized to also originate from deep nuclei, such as the basal forebrain (BF) and locus coeruleus (LC) neuromodulatory systems. These systems are also the first to change with aging. Here we characterized the interplay between these systems and their regulation of afferent targets - the hippocampus (HPC) and posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) - across the lifespan. To examine the role of attentional salience on task-dependent functional connectivity, we used a target-distractor go/no go task presented during functional MRI. In younger adults, BF coupling with the HPC, and LC coupling with the PCC, increased with behavioral relevance (targets vs distractors). Although the strength and presence of significant regional coupling changed in middle age, the most striking change in network connectivity was in old age, such that in older adults BF and LC coupling with their cortical afferents was largely absent and replaced by stronger interconnectivity between LC-BF nuclei. Overall rapid changes in attention related to behavioral relevance revealed distinct roles of subcortical neuromodulatory systems. The pronounced changes in functional network architecture across the lifespan suggest a decrease in these distinct roles, with deafferentation of cholinergic and noradrenergic systems associated with a shift towards mutual support during attention guided to external stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elizabeth Riley
- Department of Psychology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Khena M Swallow
- Department of Psychology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Eve De Rosa
- Department of Psychology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Adam Anderson
- Department of Psychology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
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27
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Bal F. Efficacy of increasing levels of exposure therapy in the treatment of maladaptive behaviors and anxiety. MEDICINE INTERNATIONAL 2023; 3:55. [PMID: 37854724 PMCID: PMC10580115 DOI: 10.3892/mi.2023.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
The present study examined the effectiveness of increasing levels of exposure therapy, which is applied for the treatment of maladaptive behaviors and anxiety. A total of 16 sessions were applied to the study group in the experimental group three times a week for 10 weeks. Patients aged ≥18 years whom the referring clinician evaluated as meeting the criteria for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition (DSM-V-TR) Generalized Anxiety Disorder were included in the study. For the control group, demographic characteristics and Spielberger's State-Trait Anxiety Inventory were applied in the first session, followed by Spielberger's State-Trait Anxiety Inventory as a post-test and follow-up. Electroencephalography (EEG) recordings of the study group were obtained at the cortical level. Electrodes for EEG measurements were recorded using the International 10/20 Electrode Placement System. EEG data were obtained using the EEG Analysis Program software. Following the data collection phase, all data were entered into cells based on items using SPSS 25 software. When the findings obtained in the study were examined, it was determined that the increasing levels of exposure and behavioral therapy applied for maladaptive anxiety decreased the anxiety levels compared to those before therapy. This finding can be interpreted as that the cortical function-oriented application method for anxiety effectively reduced the anxiety levels of the study group. However, EEG asymmetry revealed a change in the data before and after the application. These findings demonstrate that the application affects the EEG asymmetry changes at the cortical level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatih Bal
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Sakarya University, Serdivan, Sakarya 54187, Turkey
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28
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Liu C, Downey RJ, Salminen JS, Rojas SA, Richer N, Pliner EM, Hwang J, Cruz-Almeida Y, Manini TM, Hass CJ, Seidler RD, Clark DJ, Ferris DP. Electrical Brain Activity during Human Walking with Parametric Variations in Terrain Unevenness and Walking Speed. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.31.551289. [PMID: 37577540 PMCID: PMC10418077 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.31.551289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Mobile brain imaging with high-density electroencephalography (EEG) can provide insight into the cortical processes involved in complex human walking tasks. While uneven terrain is common in the natural environment and poses challenges to human balance control, there is limited understanding of the supraspinal processes involved with traversing uneven terrain. The primary objective of this study was to quantify electrocortical activity related to parametric variations in terrain unevenness for neurotypical young adults. We used high-density EEG to measure brain activity when thirty-two young adults walked on a novel custom-made uneven terrain treadmill surface with four levels of difficulty at a walking speed tailored to each participant. We identified multiple brain regions associated with uneven terrain walking. Alpha (8 - 13 Hz) and beta (13 - 30 Hz) spectral power decreased in the sensorimotor and posterior parietal areas with increasing terrain unevenness while theta (4 - 8 Hz) power increased in the mid/posterior cingulate area with terrain unevenness. We also found that within stride spectral power fluctuations increased with terrain unevenness. Our secondary goal was to investigate the effect of parametric changes in walking speed (0.25 m/s, 0.5m/s, 0.75 m/s, 1.0 m/s) to differentiate the effects of walking speed from uneven terrain. Our results revealed that electrocortical activities only changed substantially with speed within the sensorimotor area but not in other brain areas. Together, these results indicate there are distinct cortical processes contributing to the control of walking over uneven terrain versus modulation of walking speed on smooth, flat terrain. Our findings increase our understanding of cortical involvement in an ecologically valid walking task and could serve as a benchmark for identifying deficits in cortical dynamics that occur in people with mobility deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Ryan J. Downey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jacob S. Salminen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Sofia Arvelo Rojas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Natalie Richer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Erika M. Pliner
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jungyun Hwang
- Department of Neurology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Yenisel Cruz-Almeida
- Department of Community Dentistry and Behavioral Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Pain Research and Intervention Center of Excellence (PRICE), University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Todd M. Manini
- Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Chris J. Hass
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Rachael D. Seidler
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - David J. Clark
- Department of Neurology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Brain Rehabilitation Research Center, Malcom Randall VA Medical Center, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Daniel P. Ferris
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
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29
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Tewarie PKB, Hindriks R, Lai YM, Sotiropoulos SN, Kringelbach M, Deco G. Non-reversibility outperforms functional connectivity in characterisation of brain states in MEG data. Neuroimage 2023; 276:120186. [PMID: 37268096 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.120186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Characterising brain states during tasks is common practice for many neuroscientific experiments using electrophysiological modalities such as electroencephalography (EEG) and magnetoencephalography (MEG). Brain states are often described in terms of oscillatory power and correlated brain activity, i.e. functional connectivity. It is, however, not unusual to observe weak task induced functional connectivity alterations in the presence of strong task induced power modulations using classical time-frequency representation of the data. Here, we propose that non-reversibility, or the temporal asymmetry in functional interactions, may be more sensitive to characterise task induced brain states than functional connectivity. As a second step, we explore causal mechanisms of non-reversibility in MEG data using whole brain computational models. We include working memory, motor, language tasks and resting-state data from participants of the Human Connectome Project (HCP). Non-reversibility is derived from the lagged amplitude envelope correlation (LAEC), and is based on asymmetry of the forward and reversed cross-correlations of the amplitude envelopes. Using random forests, we find that non-reversibility outperforms functional connectivity in the identification of task induced brain states. Non-reversibility shows especially better sensitivity to capture bottom-up gamma induced brain states across all tasks, but also alpha band associated brain states. Using whole brain computational models we find that asymmetry in the effective connectivity and axonal conduction delays play a major role in shaping non-reversibility across the brain. Our work paves the way for better sensitivity in characterising brain states during both bottom-up as well as top-down modulation in future neuroscientific experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prejaas K B Tewarie
- Center for Brain and Cognition, Computational Neuroscience Group, Department of Information and Communication Technologies, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Spain; Clinical Neurophysiology Group, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom.
| | - Rikkert Hindriks
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Yi Ming Lai
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Stamatios N Sotiropoulos
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, United Kingdom; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - Morten Kringelbach
- Centre for Eudaimonia and Human Flourishing, Linacre College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Center for Music in the Brain, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Gustavo Deco
- Center for Brain and Cognition, Computational Neuroscience Group, Department of Information and Communication Technologies, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Spain; Institució Catalana de la Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neuropsychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
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30
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Liu J, Malesevic N, Antfolk C. Long term sustained attention alters dynamic functional connectivity patterns. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2023; 2023:1-4. [PMID: 38083318 DOI: 10.1109/embc40787.2023.10340531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Mental fatigue has attracted much attention from researchers as it plays a key role in performance efficiency and safety situations. Functional connectivity analysis using graph theory is an effective method for revealing changes in cognition resources influenced by mental fatigue. Previous studies have revealed that functional networks are dynamically reorganized. Therefore, it is critical to explore dynamic timescales of networks related to specific cognitive abilities. In this study, we used an open EEG dataset of twenty-one subjects recorded in a 60-minutes sustained attention task. After preprocessing, we constructed connectivity matrices using the weighted phase lag index (wPLI) in the theta band and characterized them with dynamic graph measures, namely characteristic path length (CPL) and clustering coefficient (CC). The results show that the frontal-parietal brain networks in theta band are involved in a sustaining attention task. When averaging from temporal and spatial activations, CPL and CC decreased with time-on-task. Our results indicate that mental fatigue results in deteriorations in sustaining attention, and graph theory analysis can provide support for mental fatigue analysis.Clinical Relevance- Identification of the effects of long term sustained attention on dynamic brain networks may be potential for mechanism study and detection of mental states and attentional deficits caused by mental diseases.
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31
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Di Muccio F, Simonet M, Brandner C, Ruggeri P, Barral J. Cardiorespiratory fitness modulates prestimulus EEG microstates during a sustained attention task. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1188695. [PMID: 37397452 PMCID: PMC10308046 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1188695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Higher cardiorespiratory fitness is associated with an increased ability to perform sustained attention tasks and detect rare and unpredictable signals over prolonged periods. The electrocortical dynamics underlying this relationship were mainly investigated after visual stimulus onset in sustained attention tasks. Prestimulus electrocortical activity supporting differences in sustained attention performance according to the level of cardiorespiratory fitness have yet to be examined. Consequently, this study aimed to investigate EEG microstates 2 seconds before the stimulus onset in 65 healthy individuals aged 18-37, differing in cardiorespiratory fitness, while performing a psychomotor vigilance task. The analyses showed that a lower duration of the microstate A and a higher occurrence of the microstate D correlated with higher cardiorespiratory fitness in the prestimulus periods. In addition, increased global field power and occurrence of microstate A were associated with slower response times in the psychomotor vigilance task, while greater global explained variance, coverage, and occurrence of microstate D were linked to faster response times. Our collective findings showed that individuals with higher cardiorespiratory fitness exhibit typical electrocortical dynamics that allow them to allocate their attentional resources more efficiently when engaged in sustained attention tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Di Muccio
- Brain Electrophysiology Attention Movement Laboratory, Institute of Psychology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marie Simonet
- Brain Electrophysiology Attention Movement Laboratory, Institute of Psychology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Catherine Brandner
- Brain Electrophysiology Attention Movement Laboratory, Institute of Psychology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Paolo Ruggeri
- Brain Electrophysiology Attention Movement Laboratory, Institute of Psychology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jérôme Barral
- Brain Electrophysiology Attention Movement Laboratory, Institute of Psychology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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32
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Huang H, Li R, Zhang J. A review of visual sustained attention: neural mechanisms and computational models. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15351. [PMID: 37334118 PMCID: PMC10274610 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Sustained attention is one of the basic abilities of humans to maintain concentration on relevant information while ignoring irrelevant information over extended periods. The purpose of the review is to provide insight into how to integrate neural mechanisms of sustained attention with computational models to facilitate research and application. Although many studies have assessed attention, the evaluation of humans' sustained attention is not sufficiently comprehensive. Hence, this study provides a current review on both neural mechanisms and computational models of visual sustained attention. We first review models, measurements, and neural mechanisms of sustained attention and propose plausible neural pathways for visual sustained attention. Next, we analyze and compare the different computational models of sustained attention that the previous reviews have not systematically summarized. We then provide computational models for automatically detecting vigilance states and evaluation of sustained attention. Finally, we outline possible future trends in the research field of sustained attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Huang
- National Engineering Research Center for E-learning, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Rui Li
- National Engineering Research Center for E-learning, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Junsong Zhang
- Brain Cognition and Intelligent Computing Lab, Department of Artificial Intelligence, School of Informatics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
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33
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Saffari F, Zarei S, Kakaria S, Bigné E, Bruni LE, Ramsøy TZ. The Role of Stimuli-Driven and Goal-Driven Attention in Shopping Decision-Making Behaviors-An EEG and VR Study. Brain Sci 2023; 13:928. [PMID: 37371406 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13060928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The human attention system, similar to other networks in the brain, is of a complex nature. At any moment, our attention can shift between external and internal stimuli. In this study, we aimed to assess three EEG-based measures of attention (Power Spectral Density, Connectivity, and Spectral Entropy) in decision-making situations involving goal-directed and stimulus-driven attention using a Virtual Reality supermarket. We collected the EEG data of 29 participants in 2 shopping phases, planned and unplanned purchases. The three mentioned features were extracted and a statistical analysis was conducted. We evaluated the discriminatory power of these features using an SVM classifier. The results showed a significant (p-value < 0.001) increase in theta power over frontal, central, and temporal lobes for the planned purchase phase. There was also a significant decrease in alpha power over frontal and parietal lobes in the unplanned purchase phase. A significant increase in the frontoparietal connectivity during the planned purchase was observed. Additionally, an increase in spectral entropy was observed in the frontoparietal region for the unplanned purchase phase. The classification results showed that spectral entropy has the highest discriminatory power. This study can provide further insights into the attentional behaviors of consumers and how their type of attentional control can affect their decision-making processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzad Saffari
- Neurons Inc., 2630 Hoje-Taastrup, Denmark
- Augmented Cognition Lab, Aalborg University, 2450 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sahar Zarei
- Neurons Inc., 2630 Hoje-Taastrup, Denmark
- Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, 1172 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Shobhit Kakaria
- Faculty of Economics, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Enrique Bigné
- Faculty of Economics, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Luis E Bruni
- Augmented Cognition Lab, Aalborg University, 2450 Copenhagen, Denmark
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34
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Maness EB, Blumenthal SA, Burk JA. Dual orexin/hypocretin receptor antagonism attenuates NMDA receptor hypofunction-induced attentional impairments in a rat model of schizophrenia. Behav Brain Res 2023; 450:114497. [PMID: 37196827 PMCID: PMC10330488 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a neuropsychiatric condition that is associated with impaired attentional processing and performance. Failure to support increasing attentional load may result, in part, from inhibitory failure in attention-relevant cortical regions, and available antipsychotics often fail to address this issue. Orexin/hypocretin receptors are found throughout the brain and are expressed on neurons relevant to both attention and schizophrenia, highlighting them as a potential target to treat schizophrenia-associated attentional dysfunction. In the present experiment, rats (N = 14) trained in a visual sustained attention task that required discrimination of trials which presented a visual signal from trials during which no signal was presented. Once trained, rats were then co-administered the psychotomimetic N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist dizocilpine (MK-801: 0 or 0.1mg/kg, intraperitoneal injections) and the dual orexin receptor antagonist filorexant (MK-6096: 0, 0.1, or 1mM, intracerebroventricular infusions) prior to task performance across six sessions. Dizocilpine impaired overall accuracy during signal trials, slowed reaction times for correctly-responded trials, and increased the number of omitted trials throughout the task. Dizocilpine-induced increases in signal trial deficits, correct response latencies, and errors of omission were reduced following infusions of the 0.1mM, but not 1mM, dose of filorexant. As such, orexin receptor blockade may improve attentional deficits in a state of NMDA receptor hypofunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eden B Maness
- Department of Psychological Sciences, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA, 23187, USA; VA Boston Healthcare System and Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, West Roxbury, MA, 02132, USA.
| | - Sarah A Blumenthal
- Center for Translational Social Neuroscience, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Joshua A Burk
- Department of Psychological Sciences, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA, 23187, USA
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Morris MB, Jack Rhodes L, Borghetti L, Haubert A. Vigilance End-Spurt Patterns in Event-Related Potentials. Brain Res 2023; 1812:148396. [PMID: 37178743 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2023.148396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The end-spurt effect, where performance declines with time-on-task and then increases toward the end of a task, has garnered little attention in the vigilance literature. Researchers have suggested the performance enhancement is due to increased motivation or arousal with knowledge of the end of the vigil. However, recent examination of neural signature patterns during a simultaneous discrimination task, where task length was unknown, provided preliminary support that the end-spurt reflects pacing of resources. The current effort expands this previous work to an additional simultaneous task and to a successive discrimination task across two sessions, one where task length was not known and one where task length was known. Twenty-eight (Study 1) and a separate 24 (Study 2) participants completed a Simultaneous Radar task (Study 1) in one session and Simultaneous and Successive Lines tasks (Study 2) across two sessions while neural data was collected. Several event-related potentials exhibited non-monotonic patterns during the vigilance tasks, in some cases reflecting end-spurt patterns, but more commonly reflecting higher-order polynomial patterns. These patterns were more prevalent in anterior regions as opposed to posterior regions. Of note, the N1 anterior exhibited consistent general patterns across all the vigilance tasks and across sessions. Importantly, even when participants had knowledge of session length, some ERPs still exhibited higher-order polynomial trends, suggesting pacing rather than an end-spurt from motivation or arousal as the vigil ends. These insights can help inform predictive modeling of vigilance performance and the implementation of mitigation efforts to allay the vigilance decrement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan B Morris
- Air Force Research Laboratory, 2620 Q Street, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio 45433, USA.
| | - L Jack Rhodes
- Ball Aerospace, 2620 Q Street, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio 45433, USA.
| | - Lorraine Borghetti
- Air Force Research Laboratory, 2620 Q Street, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio 45433, USA.
| | - Ashley Haubert
- University of Dayton Research Institute, 300 College Park, Dayton, Ohio 45469, USA.
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Scarfo J, Ball M. 20 years on: Confirmation of P. Anderson's (2002) paediatric model of executive functioning in a healthy adult sample. Heliyon 2023; 9:e15504. [PMID: 37215787 PMCID: PMC10196486 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Executive Functioning (EF) is a construct that encompasses multiple interrelated higher order skills, however, conceptualising this nebulous construct remains challenging. This study aimed to confirm the validity of Anderson's (2002) paediatric model of EF in a healthy adult sample using congeneric modelling. Measures of EF were selected based on utility with adult populations giving rise to minor methodological differences from the original paper. Separate congeneric models were constructed using each of Anderson's constructs in order to isolate the sub-skills represented by each (Attentional Control-AC, Cognitive Flexibility-CF, Information Processing-IP, Goal Setting-GS), with a minimum of three tests per subskill. One hundred and thirty-three adults (42 males and 91 females) aged between 18 and 50 (M = 29.68, SD = 7.46) completed a cognitive test battery comprising 20 EF tests. AC revealed a good fitting model χ2(2) = 1.61, p = .447, RMSEA = 0.000, CFI = 1.000, after removing the non-significant indicator Map Search (p = .349), and BS-Bk as BS-Bk was required to covary with both BS-Fwd (M.I = 7.160, Par Change = .706), and TMT-A (M.I = 5.759, Par Change = -2.417). CF revealed a good fitting model χ2(8) = 2.90, p = .940, RMSEA = 0.000, CFI = 1.000 after covarying TSC-E and Stroop (M.I = 9.696, Par Change = .085). IP revealed a good fitting model χ2(4) = 1.15, p = .886, RMSEA = 0.000, CFI = 1.000 after covarying Animals total and FAS total (M.I. = 4.619, Par Change = 9.068). Lastly, GS indicated a good fitting model χ2(8) = 7.22, p = .513, RMSEA = 0.000, CFI = 1.000 after covarying TOH total time and PA (M.I = 4.25, Par Change = -77.868). Therefore, all four constructs were reliable and valid, and the utility of a parsimonious EF battery is suggested. Investigation of the inter-relationships between the constructs using regression techniques, de-emphasises the role of Attentional Control and argue instead for capacity bound skills.
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Kiani Haft Lang M, Mofateh R, Orakifar N, Goharpey S. Differences in Neurocognitive Functions Between Healthy Controls and Anterior Cruciate Ligament-Reconstructed Male Athletes Who Passed or Failed Return to Sport Criteria: A Preliminary Study. J Sport Rehabil 2023:1-10. [PMID: 37185456 DOI: 10.1123/jsr.2022-0288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Only 55% of anterior cruciate ligament-reconstructed (ACLR) athletes return to competitive sports. This brings into question the usefulness of current return to sport (RTS) criteria. High cognitive demand of sport environment clarifies the value of incorporating neurocognitive tests when making decisions regarding the time of RTS. This preliminary study aimed to compare the neurocognitive functions between healthy controls and ACLR male athletes who passed or failed RTS criteria. METHODS A total of 45 male football players, including 15 ACLR who passed RTS criteria, 15 ACLR who did not pass, and 15 healthy controls participated in this cross-sectional study. The Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery was used to measure a battery of neurocognitive tasks, including speed of response, sustained attention, working memory, cognitive flexibility, and response inhibition. RESULTS The results revealed that compared with both the ACLR-passed and healthy groups, the ACLR-failed group showed greater values of 5-choice movement time (P = .02, P = .01, respectively) but lower values of stop signal reaction time (P = .03, P = .001, respectively) and proportion of successful stops variables (P = .02). In addition, compared with the healthy group, both the ACLR-failed and ACLR-passed groups indicated greater values in between errors (P < .001, P = .008, respectively) and reaction latency variables (P = .002, P = .01, respectively) but lower values of A' (P < .001, P = .007, respectively), probability of hit (P < .001, P = .03, respectively), and percent correct trials variables (P = .006, P = .02, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicated deficits in neurocognitive functions in ACLR male athletes. In addition, poor performance in sustained attention, working memory, and cognitive flexibility measures observed in the ACLR-passed group highlighted the necessity for using a multimodal approach via implementation of neurocognitive measures in conjunction with the functional and muscular assessments when making RTS decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Kiani Haft Lang
- Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz,Iran
- Student Research Committee, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz,Iran
| | - Razieh Mofateh
- Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz,Iran
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz,Iran
| | - Neda Orakifar
- Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz,Iran
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz,Iran
| | - Shahin Goharpey
- Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz,Iran
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz,Iran
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Gnoni V, Mesquita M, O’Regan D, Delogu A, Chakalov I, Antal A, Young AH, Bucks RS, Jackson ML, Rosenzweig I. Distinct cognitive changes in male patients with obstructive sleep apnoea without co-morbidities. FRONTIERS IN SLEEP 2023; 2:1097946. [PMID: 38213473 PMCID: PMC7615516 DOI: 10.3389/frsle.2023.1097946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is a multisystem, debilitating, chronic disorder of breathing during sleep, resulting in a relatively consistent pattern of cognitive deficits. More recently, it has been argued that those cognitive deficits, especially in middle-aged patients, may be driven by cardiovascular and metabolic comorbidities, rather than by distinct OSA-processes, such as are for example ensuing nocturnal intermittent hypoxaemia, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and sleep fragmentation. Methods Thus, we undertook to define cognitive performance in a group of 27 middle-aged male patients with untreated OSA, who had no concomitant comorbidities, compared with seven matched controls (AHI mean ± S.D.: 1.9 ± 1.4 events/h; mean age 34.0 ± 9.3 years; mean BMI 23.8 ± 2.3 kg/m2). Of the 27 patients, 16 had mild OSA (AHI mean ± S.D.:11.7 ± 4.0 events/h; mean age 42.6 ± 8.2 years; mean BMI 26.7 ± 4.1 kg/m2), and 11 severe OSA (AHI 41.8 ± 20.7 events/h; age: 46.9 ± 10.9 years, BMI: 28.0 ± 3.2 kg/m2). Results In our patient cohort, we demonstrate poorer executive-functioning, visuospatial memory, and deficits in vigilance sustained attention, psychomotor and impulse control. Remarkably, we also report, for the first time, effects on social cognition in this group of male, middle-aged OSA patients. Conclusion Our findings suggest that distinct, OSA-driven processes may be sufficient for cognitive changes to occur as early as in middle age, in otherwise healthy individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Gnoni
- Sleep and Brain Plasticity Centre, Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - David O’Regan
- Sleep and Brain Plasticity Centre, Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Sleep Disorder Centre, Nuffield House, Guy’s Hospital, London, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alessio Delogu
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ivan Chakalov
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Andrea Antal
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Allan H. Young
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- South London and Maudsley National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Bethlem Royal Hospital, Beckenham, United Kingdom
| | - Romola S. Bucks
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- The Raine Study, School of Population and Global Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Melinda L. Jackson
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ivana Rosenzweig
- Sleep and Brain Plasticity Centre, Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Sleep Disorder Centre, Nuffield House, Guy’s Hospital, London, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
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The effect of background music and noise on alertness of children aged 5–7 years: An EEG study. COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cogdev.2022.101295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Chen R, Wang S, Fan Y, Liu X, Wang J, Lv Y, Wang D, Wu D, Cao W, Zou Q. Acute Tai Chi Chuan exercise enhances sustained attention and elicits increased cuneus/precuneus activation in young adults. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:2969-2981. [PMID: 35718539 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The potential for acute exercise to enhance attention has been discussed in the literature. However, the neural mechanisms by which acute exercise affects attention remain elusive. METHOD In this study, we first identified an optimized acute Tai Chi Chuan (ATCC) exercise protocol that enhances sustained attention performance and then aimed to determine the neural substrates of exercise-enhanced attention. Reaction time (RT) from the psychomotor vigilance test (PVT) was used to evaluate sustained attention. In Experiment 1, improvements in RTs were compared among six different exercise protocols. In Experiment 2, the participants completed the PVT in an MRI scanner on both rest and exercise days. RESULTS Experiment 1 showed that practicing TCC 3 times for a total of 20 minutes, followed by 10-minute rest periods, resulted in the largest improvements in RTs. Experiment 2 showed that ATCC enhanced sustained attention, as evidenced by shorter RTs, and resulted in greater cuneus/precuneus activation after exercise than in the rest condition. Exercise-induced changes in brain activities across a distributed network exhibited significant correlations with attention. CONCLUSION Therefore, this study indicates that ATCC effectively enhances sustained attention and underscores the key role of the cuneus/precuneus and frontoparietal-cerebellar regions in facilitating vigilance among young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Chen
- Center for MRI Research, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, 5 Yiheyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Shilei Wang
- Center for MRI Research, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, 5 Yiheyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100871, China
- Beijing City Key Lab for Medical Physics and Engineering, Institution of Heavy Ion Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, 5 Yiheyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yajun Fan
- China Wushu School, Beijing Sport University, 84 Xinxi Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xianfa Liu
- China Wushu School, Beijing Sport University, 84 Xinxi Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jinhui Wang
- Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation, South China Normal University, 55 West of Zhongshan Avenue, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Yating Lv
- Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, 126 Wenzhou Road, Hangzhou, 310015, China
| | - Dongmin Wang
- Department of Physical Education, Peking University, 5 Yiheyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Dong Wu
- China Wushu School, Beijing Sport University, 84 Xinxi Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Wentian Cao
- Beijing City Key Lab for Medical Physics and Engineering, Institution of Heavy Ion Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, 5 Yiheyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Qihong Zou
- Center for MRI Research, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, 5 Yiheyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100871, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), 51 Huayuanbei Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191 China
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Celeghin A, Palermo S, Giampaolo R, Di Fini G, Gandino G, Civilotti C. Brain Correlates of Eating Disorders in Response to Food Visual Stimuli: A Systematic Narrative Review of FMRI Studies. Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13030465. [PMID: 36979275 PMCID: PMC10046850 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13030465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
This article summarizes the results of studies in which functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was performed to investigate the neurofunctional activations involved in processing visual stimuli from food in individuals with anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN) and binge eating disorder (BED). A systematic review approach based on the PRISMA guidelines was used. Three databases—Scopus, PubMed and Web of Science (WoS)—were searched for brain correlates of each eating disorder. From an original pool of 688 articles, 30 articles were included and discussed. The selected studies did not always overlap in terms of research design and observed outcomes, but it was possible to identify some regularities that characterized each eating disorder. As if there were two complementary regulatory strategies, AN seems to be associated with general hyperactivity in brain regions involved in top-down control and emotional areas, such as the amygdala, insula and hypothalamus. The insula and striatum are hyperactive in BN patients and likely involved in abnormalities of impulsivity and emotion regulation. Finally, the temporal cortex and striatum appear to be involved in the neural correlates of BED, linking this condition to use of dissociative strategies and addictive aspects. Although further studies are needed, this review shows that there are specific activation pathways. Therefore, it is necessary to pay special attention to triggers, targets and maintenance processes in order to plan effective therapeutic interventions. Clinical implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Celeghin
- Department of Psychology, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy
| | - Sara Palermo
- Department of Psychology, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy
- Neuroradiology Unit, Department of Diagnostic and Technology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | | | - Giulia Di Fini
- Department of Psychology, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy
| | | | - Cristina Civilotti
- Department of Psychology, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy
- Faculty of Educational Science, Salesian University Institute (IUSTO), 10155 Turin, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Jayakumar M, Balusu C, Aly M. Attentional fluctuations and the temporal organization of memory. Cognition 2023; 235:105408. [PMID: 36893523 DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2023.105408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Abstract
Event boundaries and temporal context shape the organization of episodic memories. We hypothesized that attentional fluctuations during encoding serve as "events" that affect temporal context representations and recall organization. Individuals encoded trial-unique objects during a modified sustained attention task. Memory was tested with free recall. Response time variability during the encoding tasks was used to characterize "in the zone" and "out of the zone" attentional states. We predicted that: 1) "in the zone", vs. "out of the zone", attentional states should be more conducive to maintaining temporal context representations that can cue temporally organized recall; and 2) temporally distant "in the zone" states may enable more recall "leaps" across intervening items. We replicated several important findings in the sustained attention and memory fields, including more online errors during "out of the zone" vs. "in the zone" attentional states and recall that was temporally structured. Yet, across four studies, we found no evidence for either of our main hypotheses. Recall was robustly temporally organized, and there was no difference in recall organization for items encoded "in the zone" vs. "out of the zone". We conclude that temporal context serves as a strong scaffold for episodic memory, one that can support organized recall even for items encoded during relatively poor attentional states. We also highlight the numerous challenges in striking a balance between sustained attention tasks (long blocks of a repetitive task) and memory recall tasks (short lists of unique items) and describe strategies for researchers interested in uniting these two fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manasi Jayakumar
- Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, United States of America.
| | - Chinmayi Balusu
- Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, United States of America
| | - Mariam Aly
- Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, United States of America
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Pan L, Mai Z, Wang J, Ma N. Altered vigilant maintenance and reorganization of rich-clubs in functional brain networks after total sleep deprivation. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:1140-1154. [PMID: 35332913 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sleep deprivation strongly deteriorates the stability of vigilant maintenance. In previous neuroimaging studies of large-scale networks, neural variations in the resting state after sleep deprivation have been well documented, highlighting that large-scale networks implement efficient cognitive functions and attention regulation in a spatially hierarchical organization. However, alterations of neural networks during cognitive tasks have rarely been investigated. METHODS AND PURPOSES The present study used a within-participant design of 35 healthy right-handed adults and used task-based functional magnetic resonance imaging to examine the neural mechanism of attentional decline after sleep deprivation from the perspective of rich-club architecture during a psychomotor vigilance task. RESULTS We found that a significant decline in the hub disruption index was related to impaired vigilance due to sleep loss. The hierarchical rich-club architectures were reconstructed after sleep deprivation, especially in the default mode network and sensorimotor network. Notably, the relatively fast alert response compensation was correlated with the feeder organizational hierarchy that connects core (rich-club) and peripheral nodes. SIGNIFICANCES Our findings provide novel insights into understanding the relationship of alterations in vigilance and the hierarchical architectures of the human brain after sleep deprivation, emphasizing the significance of optimal collaboration between different functional hierarchies for regular attention maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leyao Pan
- Philosophy and Social Science Laboratory of Reading and Development in Children and Adolescents (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China.,Center for Sleep Research, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health & Cognitive Science, School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Zifeng Mai
- Philosophy and Social Science Laboratory of Reading and Development in Children and Adolescents (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China.,Center for Sleep Research, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health & Cognitive Science, School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Jinhui Wang
- Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Ning Ma
- Philosophy and Social Science Laboratory of Reading and Development in Children and Adolescents (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
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Maness EB, Blumenthal SA, Burk JA. Dual orexin/hypocretin receptor antagonism attenuates attentional impairments in an NMDA receptor hypofunction model of schizophrenia. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.05.527043. [PMID: 36778441 PMCID: PMC9915718 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.05.527043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a neuropsychiatric condition that is associated with impaired attentional processing and performance. Failure to support increasing attentional load may result, in part, from abnormally overactive basal forebrain projections to the prefrontal cortex, and available antipsychotics often fail to address this issue. Orexin/hypocretin receptors are expressed on corticopetal cholinergic neurons, and their blockade has been shown to decrease the activity of cortical basal forebrain outputs and prefrontal cortical cholinergic neurotransmission. In the present experiment, rats (N = 14) trained in a visual sustained attention task that required discrimination of trials which presented a visual signal from trials during which no signal was presented. Once trained, rats were then co-administered the psychotomimetic N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist dizocilpine (MK-801: 0 or 0.1 mg/kg, intraperitoneal injections) and the dual orexin receptor antagonist filorexant (MK-6096: 0, 0.1, or 1 mM, intracerebroventricular infusions) prior to task performance across six sessions. Dizocilpine impaired overall accuracy during signal trials, slowed reaction times for correctly-responded trials, and increased the number of omitted trials throughout the task. Dizocilpine-induced increases in signal trial deficits, correct response latencies, and errors of omission were reduced following infusions of the 0.1 mM, but not 1 mM, dose of filorexant. Orexin receptor blockade, perhaps through anticholinergic mechanisms, may improve attentional deficits in a state of NMDA receptor hypofunction. Highlights Schizophrenia is associated with attentional deficits that may stem from abnormally reactive BF projections to the prefrontal cortexOrexin receptor antagonists decrease acetylcholine release and reduce prefrontal cortical activityThe dual orexin receptor antagonist filorexant alleviated impairments of attention following NMDA receptor blockade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eden B. Maness
- VA Boston Healthcare System and Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, West Roxbury, MA, 02132, USA,Department of Psychological Sciences, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA, 23187, USA,Please address correspondence to: Eden B. Maness, West Roxbury VA Medical Center, 1400 Veterans of Foreign Wars Parkway, West Roxbury, MA, 02132, Tel: 857-203-4359,
| | - Sarah A. Blumenthal
- Center for Translational Social Neuroscience, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Joshua A. Burk
- Department of Psychological Sciences, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA, 23187, USA
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Brandes-Aitken A, Metser M, Braren SH, Vogel SC, Brito NH. Neurophysiology of sustained attention in early infancy: Investigating longitudinal relations with recognition memory outcomes. Infant Behav Dev 2023; 70:101807. [PMID: 36634407 PMCID: PMC9901300 DOI: 10.1016/j.infbeh.2022.101807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The ability to sustain attention is a critical cognitive domain that emerges in infancy and is predictive of a multitude of cognitive processes. Here, we used a heart rate (HR) defined measure of sustained attention to assess corresponding changes in frontal electroencephalography (EEG) power at 3 months of age. Second, we examined how the neural underpinnings of HR-defined sustained attention were associated with sustained attention engagement. Third, we evaluated if neural or behavioral sustained attention measures at 3-months predicted subsequent recognition memory scores at 9 months of age. Seventy-five infants were included at 3 months of age and provided usable attention and EEG data and 25 infants returned to the lab at 9 months and provided usable recognition memory data. The current study focuses on oscillatory power in the theta (4-6 Hz) frequency band during phases of HR-defined sustained attention and inattention phases. Results revealed that theta power was significantly higher during phases of sustained attention. Second, higher theta power during sustained attention was positively associated with proportion of time in sustained attention. Third, longitudinal analyses indicated a significant positive association between theta power during sustained attention on 9-month visual paired comparison scores such that higher theta power predicted higher visual paired comparison scores at 9-months. These results highlight the interrelation of the attention and arousal systems which have longitudinal implications for subsequent recognition memory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie Brandes-Aitken
- Department of Applied Psychology, New York University, New York, NY, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Division of Developmental Neuroscience, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Maya Metser
- Department of Applied Psychology, New York University, New York, NY, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA,Division of Developmental Neuroscience, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stephen H. Braren
- Department of Applied Psychology, New York University, New York, NY, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA,Division of Developmental Neuroscience, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sarah C. Vogel
- Department of Applied Psychology, New York University, New York, NY, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA,Division of Developmental Neuroscience, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Natalie H. Brito
- Department of Applied Psychology, New York University, New York, NY, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA,Division of Developmental Neuroscience, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
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46
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Orlandi JG, Abdolrahmani M, Aoki R, Lyamzin DR, Benucci A. Distributed context-dependent choice information in mouse posterior cortex. Nat Commun 2023; 14:192. [PMID: 36635318 PMCID: PMC9837177 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-35824-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Choice information appears in multi-area brain networks mixed with sensory, motor, and cognitive variables. In the posterior cortex-traditionally implicated in decision computations-the presence, strength, and area specificity of choice signals are highly variable, limiting a cohesive understanding of their computational significance. Examining the mesoscale activity in the mouse posterior cortex during a visual task, we found that choice signals defined a decision variable in a low-dimensional embedding space with a prominent contribution along the ventral visual stream. Their subspace was near-orthogonal to concurrently represented sensory and motor-related activations, with modulations by task difficulty and by the animals' attention state. A recurrent neural network trained with animals' choices revealed an equivalent decision variable whose context-dependent dynamics agreed with that of the neural data. Our results demonstrated an independent, multi-area decision variable in the posterior cortex, controlled by task features and cognitive demands, possibly linked to contextual inference computations in dynamic animal-environment interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier G Orlandi
- RIKEN Center for Brain Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | | | - Ryo Aoki
- RIKEN Center for Brain Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Dmitry R Lyamzin
- RIKEN Center for Brain Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Andrea Benucci
- RIKEN Center for Brain Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan. .,University of Tokyo, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Department of Mathematical Informatics, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo City, Tokyo, 113-0032, Japan.
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Hong ES, Kim HS, Hong SK, Pantazis D, Min BK. Deep learning-based electroencephalic diagnosis of tinnitus symptom. Front Hum Neurosci 2023; 17:1126938. [PMID: 37206311 PMCID: PMC10189886 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2023.1126938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Tinnitus is a neuropathological phenomenon caused by the recognition of external sound that does not actually exist. Existing diagnostic methods for tinnitus are rather subjective and complicated medical examination procedures. The present study aimed to diagnose tinnitus using deep learning analysis of electroencephalographic (EEG) signals while patients performed auditory cognitive tasks. We found that, during an active oddball task, patients with tinnitus could be identified with an area under the curve of 0.886 through a deep learning model (EEGNet) using EEG signals. Furthermore, using broadband (0.5 to 50 Hz) EEG signals, an analysis of the EEGNet convolutional kernel feature maps revealed that alpha activity might play a crucial role in identifying patients with tinnitus. A subsequent time-frequency analysis of the EEG signals indicated that the tinnitus group had significantly reduced pre-stimulus alpha activity compared with the healthy group. These differences were observed in both the active and passive oddball tasks. Only the target stimuli during the active oddball task yielded significantly higher evoked theta activity in the healthy group compared with the tinnitus group. Our findings suggest that task-relevant EEG features can be considered as a neural signature of tinnitus symptoms and support the feasibility of EEG-based deep-learning approach for the diagnosis of tinnitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eul-Seok Hong
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Seok Kim
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Kwang Hong
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Dimitrios Pantazis
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Byoung-Kyong Min
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Brain and Cognitive Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- *Correspondence: Byoung-Kyong Min,
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Yang Y, Wang D, Hou W, Li H. Cognitive Decline Associated with Aging. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1419:25-46. [PMID: 37418204 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-99-1627-6_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Cognitive decline is one of the most distinct signs of aging, and age-related cognitive decline is a heterogeneous issue varying in different cognitive domains and has significant differences among older adults. Identifying characteristics of cognitive aging is the basis of cognitive disease for early-detection and healthy aging promotion. In the current chapter, age-related decline of main cognitive domains, including sensory perception, memory, attention, executive function, language, reasoning, and space navigation ability are introduced respectively. From these aspects of cognition, we focus on the age-related effects, age-related cognitive diseases, and possible mechanisms of cognitive aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiru Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Aging Brain Rejuvenation Initiative (BABRI) Centre, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Dandan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Aging Brain Rejuvenation Initiative (BABRI) Centre, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjie Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Aging Brain Rejuvenation Initiative (BABRI) Centre, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - He Li
- Beijing Aging Brain Rejuvenation Initiative (BABRI) Centre, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Aging Brain Rejuvenation Initiative (BABRI) Centre, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
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Redžepagić Š, Ladas AI. Prospective Memory, Sustained Attention and Response Inhibition in Poly-Substance Users Stable on Methadone Maintenance Treatment. Subst Use Misuse 2023; 58:397-405. [PMID: 36645818 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2023.2165410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Background: Prospective memory and response inhibition are interrelated constructs, though studied separately in the drug addiction literature. Also, although sustained attention underlies response inhibition, its role in the relation between these functions has been largely neglected. The limited research on the cognitive effects of methadone-maintenance treatment (MMT) further stresses the importance of investigating these effects. Objective: Therefore, the current study focused on possible effects of MMT combined with long-term drug abuse on all these functions. Thirty five long term opiate/poly-substance users in MMT and thirty four drug-free controls were screened for socioeconomic status, anxiety, depression and general, non-verbal intelligence and then tested on a self-report measure of prospective memory and on the Go/No-Go task. Results: Compared to controls, the MMT group scored worse in all functions assessed. Prospective memory scores were also negatively related to Go/NoGo accuracy scores. Conclusion: As predicted, (a) the MMT participants show impairments in prospective memory, sustained attention and response inhibition and (b) prospective memory, response inhibition and sustained attention are related constructs. The results of this study could inform current rehabilitation and relapse prevention cognitive training practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Š Redžepagić
- Psychology Department, Sheffield University's International Faculty CITY College, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - A I Ladas
- Psychology Department, CITY College, University of York Europe Campus, Thessaloniki, Greece
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50
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Cognitive predictors of oral reading miscues in the text reading process in a transparent orthography: Working memory and visual retention. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-04144-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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