1
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Chakraborty S, Rudra Paul A, Majumdar S. Base and metal free true recyclable medium for Knoevenagel condensation reaction in SDS-ionic liquid-aqueous miceller composite system. RESULTS IN CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2022.100294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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2
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Zhong JX, Chen J, Rao X, Duan L. Dichotomous roles of co-stimulatory molecules in diabetes mellitus. Oncotarget 2018; 9:2902-2911. [PMID: 29416823 PMCID: PMC5788691 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have established the importance of immune dysfunction in the development of diabetes mellitus, including typ1 and typ2 diabetes, and it is worth noting that T cell activation acts a key role in the pathogenesis of loss of β cell mass, adipose inflammation and insulin resistance. Regarding as an important checkpoint in the process of T cell activation, co-stimulatory molecules interaction between antigen present cells and T cells have been identified the critical role in the development of diabetes mellitus. Thus, blockage of co-stimulatory dyads interaction between antigen present cells and T cells was supposed to a potential of therapeutic strategies. However, studies also showed that inhibition or deletion of some co-stimulatory molecules do not always reduce the development of diabetes, and even exacerbate the disease activity. Here, in this context, we highlight the dichotomous role of co-stimulatory molecules interaction in the pathogenesis of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Xin Zhong
- Department of Endocrinology, Central Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, Hubei, China 430061
| | - Jie Chen
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA 44106
- Basic Medical Department of Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China 361102
| | - Xiaoquan Rao
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA 44106
| | - Lihua Duan
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China 361003
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3
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Guerreiro-Cacais AO, Laaksonen H, Flytzani S, N'diaye M, Olsson T, Jagodic M. Translational utility of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis: recent developments. J Inflamm Res 2015; 8:211-25. [PMID: 26622189 PMCID: PMC4654535 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s76707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex autoimmune condition with firmly established genetic and environmental components. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have revealed a large number of genetic polymorphisms in the vicinity of, and within, genes that associate to disease. However, the significance of these single-nucleotide polymorphisms in disease and possible mechanisms of action remain, with a few exceptions, to be established. While the animal model for MS, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), has been instrumental in understanding immunity in general and mechanisms of MS disease in particular, much of the translational information gathered from the model in terms of treatment development (glatiramer acetate and natalizumab) has been extensively summarized. In this review, we would thus like to cover the work done in EAE from a GWAS perspective, highlighting the research that has addressed the role of different GWAS genes and their pathways in EAE pathogenesis. Understanding the contribution of these pathways to disease might allow for the stratification of disease subphenotypes in patients and in turn open the possibility for new and individualized treatment approaches in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre Ortlieb Guerreiro-Cacais
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hannes Laaksonen
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sevasti Flytzani
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marie N'diaye
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tomas Olsson
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maja Jagodic
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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4
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Muthian G, Raikwar HP, Rajasingh J, Bright JJ. 1,25 Dihydroxyvitamin-D3 modulates JAK-STAT pathway in IL-12/IFNgamma axis leading to Th1 response in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. J Neurosci Res 2006; 83:1299-309. [PMID: 16547967 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.20826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) is a Th1 cell-mediated autoimmune disease model of multiple sclerosis (MS). Vitamin D deficiency is commonly observed in MS patients and vitamin D supplements reduce the clinical symptoms of EAE and MS. Earlier studies have shown that in vivo treatment with vitamin D analogs ameliorates EAE in association with the inhibition of IL-12 production and Th1 differentiation. The mechanisms in the regulation of Th1 response by vitamin D in EAE/MS are, however, not known. We show that in vivo treatment of C57BL/6 and SJL/J mice (i.p.) with 100 ng of 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3, on every other day from Day 0-30, ameliorates EAE in association with the inhibition of IL-12 production and neural antigen-specific Th1 response. In vitro treatment with 1,25(OH)2D3 inhibited IFNgamma-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT1, without affecting JAK2, in EOC-20 microglial cells. Treatment of activated T cells with 1,25(OH)2D3 also inhibited the IL-12-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of JAK2, TYK2, STAT3, and STAT4 in association with a decrease in T cell proliferation in vitro. These findings highlight the fact that vitamin D modulates JAK-STAT signaling pathway in IL-12/IFNgamma axis leading to Th1 differentiation and further suggest its use in the treatment of MS and other Th1 cell-mediated autoimmune diseases.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Calcitriol/metabolism
- Calcitriol/pharmacology
- Cells, Cultured
- Disease Models, Animal
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/immunology
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/metabolism
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/physiopathology
- Female
- Immunity, Cellular/drug effects
- Immunity, Cellular/immunology
- Interferon-gamma/immunology
- Interferon-gamma/metabolism
- Interleukin-12/immunology
- Interleukin-12/metabolism
- Janus Kinase 2
- Lymphocyte Activation/drug effects
- Lymphocyte Activation/immunology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Microglia/drug effects
- Microglia/immunology
- Microglia/metabolism
- Phosphorylation/drug effects
- Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/immunology
- Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/immunology
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/metabolism
- STAT1 Transcription Factor/immunology
- STAT1 Transcription Factor/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Signal Transduction/immunology
- Th1 Cells/drug effects
- Th1 Cells/immunology
- Th1 Cells/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Gladson Muthian
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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5
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Sánchez AJ, Puerta C, Ballester S, González P, Arriaga A, García-Merino A. Rolipram impairs NF-κB activity and MMP-9 expression in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J Neuroimmunol 2005; 168:13-20. [PMID: 16182379 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2005.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2004] [Accepted: 03/09/2005] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Rolipram suppresses experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and diminishes cell infiltration of the central nervous system (CNS). In Lewis rats with EAE, rolipram reduced matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) gene expression in lymph node cells (LNCs) and spinal cord, decreased basal levels of nuclear (p50/p65) NF-kappaB in LNCs from treated rats, and impaired CD3 mediated NF-kappaB translocation. Rolipram reduced the luciferase activity directed by the NF-kappaB binding site of the MMP-9 gene in lymphocytes. It also diminished NF-kappaB activity and the ability of a myelin basic protein (MBP) specific cell line to migrate across artificial basement membranes. IL-2 induced MMP-9 proteolytic activity was only slightly reduced indicating that additional factors contribute to inhibit cell migration mediated by rolipram.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cell Movement/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured
- Disease Models, Animal
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Drug Interactions
- Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay/methods
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/chemically induced
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/drug therapy
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/metabolism
- Gene Expression/drug effects
- Luciferases/metabolism
- Lymph Nodes/cytology
- Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 9/genetics
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 9/metabolism
- Myelin Basic Protein/metabolism
- NF-kappa B/metabolism
- Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors/administration & dosage
- RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis
- Rats
- Rats, Inbred Lew
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods
- Rolipram/administration & dosage
- Spinal Cord/drug effects
- Spinal Cord/metabolism
- Transfection/methods
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio J Sánchez
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Hospital Puerta de Hierro, San Martín de Porres 4, 28035, Madrid, Spain
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6
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Twig G, Graf SA, Messerli MA, Smith PJS, Yoo SH, Shirihai OS. Synergistic amplification of beta-amyloid- and interferon-gamma-induced microglial neurotoxic response by the senile plaque component chromogranin A. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2004; 288:C169-75. [PMID: 15342341 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00308.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Activation of the microglial neurotoxic response by components of the senile plaque plays a critical role in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Microglia induce neurodegeneration primarily by secreting nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha), and hydrogen peroxide. Central to the activation of microglia is the membrane receptor CD40, which is the target of costimulators such as interferon-gamma (IFNgamma). Chromogranin A (CGA) is a recently identified endogenous component of the neurodegenerative plaques of AD and Parkinson's disease. CGA stimulates microglial secretion of NO and TNFalpha, resulting in both neuronal and microglial apoptosis. Using electrochemical recording from primary rat microglial cells in culture, we have shown in the present study that CGA alone induces a fast-initiating oxidative burst in microglia. We compared the potency of CGA with that of beta-amyloid (betaA) under identical conditions and found that CGA induces 5-7 times greater NO and TNFalpha secretion. Coapplication of CGA with betaA or with IFNgamma resulted in a synergistic effect on NO and TNFalpha secretion. CD40 expression was induced by CGA and was further increased when betaA or IFNgamma was added in combination. Tyrphostin A1 (TyrA1), which inhibits the CD40 cascade, exerted a dose-dependent inhibition of the CGA effect alone and in combination with IFNgamma and betaA. Furthermore, CGA-induced mitochondrial depolarization, which precedes microglial apoptosis, was fully blocked in the presence of TyrA1. Our results demonstrate the involvement of CGA with other components of the senile plaque and raise the possibility that a narrowly acting agent such as TyrA1 attenuates plaque formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilad Twig
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
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7
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Abstract
Microbial infection is sensed by Toll-like receptors (TLRs) on innate immune cells. Among the ten so far defined TLRs, TLR9 and its ligand are peculiar. TLR9 recognises bacterial DNA characterised by the abundance of unmethylated CpG dinucleotides, which distinguish bacterial DNA (CpG DNA) from mammalian DNA. Moreover, TLR9 shows a restricted cellular and subcellular pattern of expression. In contrast to other TLR agonists, CpG DNA is superior in activation of dendritic dells and induction of costimulatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-12 and IL-18. This qualifies CpG DNA as a Th1-promoting adjuvant. During infection, recognition of CpG DNA of intracellular pathogens skews and fine-tunes the ongoing immune response and induces long-lasting Th1 milieus. Thus, CpG DNA might play an important role in driving the immune system to a Th1 profile, preventing undesired Th2 milieus that might favour induction of allergic responses. Since CpG DNA can be synthesised with high purity and sequence fidelity, synthetic CpG DNA will become an important agent for Th1 instruction and be an effective adjuvant during vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Dalpke
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
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8
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Sen P, Bhattacharyya S, Wallet M, Wong CP, Poligone B, Sen M, Baldwin AS, Tisch R. NF-kappa B hyperactivation has differential effects on the APC function of nonobese diabetic mouse macrophages. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2003; 170:1770-80. [PMID: 12574341 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.170.4.1770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes is characterized by a chronic inflammatory response resulting in the selective destruction of the insulin-producing beta cells. We have previously demonstrated that dendritic cells (DCs) prepared from nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice, a model for spontaneous type 1 diabetes, exhibit hyperactivation of NF-kappaB resulting in an increased capacity to secrete proinflammatory cytokines and stimulate T cells compared with DCs of nondiabetic strains of mice. In the current study, the activational status of NF-kappaB and its role in regulating the APC function of macrophages (Mphi) prepared from NOD, nonobese resistant (NOR), and BALB/c mice was investigated. Independent of the stimulus, splenic and bone marrow-derived Mphi prepared from NOD mice exhibited increased NF-kappaB activation relative to NOR and BALB/c Mphi. This hyperactivation was detected for different NF-kappaB complexes and correlated with increased IkappaBalpha degradation. Furthermore, increased NF-kappaB activation resulted in an enhanced capacity of NOD vs NOR or BALB/c Mphi to secrete IL-12(p70), TNF-alpha, and IL-1alpha, which was inhibited upon infection with an adenoviral recombinant encoding a modified form of IkappaBalpha. In contrast, elevated NF-kappaB activation had no significant effect on the capacity of NOD Mphi to stimulate CD4(+) or CD8(+) T cells in an Ag-specific manner. These results demonstrate that in addition to NOD DCs, NOD Mphi exhibit hyperactivation of NF-kappaB, which correlates with an increased ability to mediate a proinflammatory response. Furthermore, NF-kappaB influences Mphi APC function by regulating cytokine secretion but not T cell stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradip Sen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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9
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Whalen BJ, Marounek J, Mordes JP, Rossini AA, Greiner DL. Type 1 cytokines polarize thymocytes during T cell development in adult thymus organ cultures. J Autoimmun 2003; 20:27-42. [PMID: 12604310 PMCID: PMC7125593 DOI: 10.1016/s0896-8411(02)00091-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral T cells can be polarized towards type 1 or type 2 cytokine immune responses during TCR engagement. Because T cell selection by peptide plus self-MHC in the thymus requires TCR engagement, we hypothesized that type 1 cytokines may polarize developing T cells. We cultured thymi from BBDR rats in adult thymus organ cultures (ATOC) under type 1 cytokine conditions in the absence of exogenous antigen. Type 1 cytokine-conditioned ATOC generated cells that spontaneously secreted high levels of IFNgamma, but not IL-4. A second exposure to type 1 cytokines further increased IFNgamma secretion by these cells, most of which were blasts that expressed the activation markers CD25, CD71, CD86, and CD134. Studies using blocking antibodies and pharmacological inhibitors suggested that both IL-18 and cognate TCR-MHC/ligand interactions were important for activation. Blocking anti-MHC class I plus anti-MHC class II antibodies, neutralizing anti-IL-18 antibody, and the p38 MAP-kinase inhibitor SB203580 each reduced IFNgamma production by approximately 75-80%. Cyclosporin A, which prevents TCR signaling, inhibited IFNgamma production by approximately 50%. These data demonstrate that exposure to type 1 cytokines during intrathymic development can polarize differentiating T cells, and suggest a mechanism by which intrathymic exposure to type 1 cytokines may modulate T cell development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara J Whalen
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Biotech II, Suite 218, 373 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
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10
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Brok HPM, van Meurs M, Blezer E, Schantz A, Peritt D, Treacy G, Laman JD, Bauer J, 't Hart BA. Prevention of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in common marmosets using an anti-IL-12p40 monoclonal antibody. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2002; 169:6554-63. [PMID: 12444167 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.169.11.6554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model in the common marmoset approximates recognized features of the human disease multiple sclerosis (MS) with regard to its clinical presentation as well as neuropathological and radiological aspects of the lesions in brain and spinal cord. IL-12 is a proinflammatory cytokine that is produced by APC and promotes differentiation of Th1 effector cells. IL-12 is produced in the developing lesions of patients with MS as well as in EAE-affected animals. Previously it was shown that interference in IL-12 pathways effectively prevents EAE in rodents. In this study we report that in vivo neutralization of IL-12p40 using a novel Ab has beneficial effects in the myelin-induced EAE model in common marmosets. The Ab was injected i.v. at 7-day intervals starting well after immunization (day 14) and was continued until the end of the study (day 86). Stable levels of the Ab were measured 3 days after each injection throughout the study period. During this period anti-Ab responses could not be detected. We demonstrate that anti-IL-12p40 treatment has a protective effect on the neurological dysfunction as well as on neuropathological changes normally observed in the brain and spinal cord of EAE-affected individuals.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic/biosynthesis
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/administration & dosage
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacology
- B-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Brain/immunology
- Brain/pathology
- Callithrix
- Cross Reactions
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/etiology
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/immunology
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/pathology
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/prevention & control
- Humans
- Interleukin-12/antagonists & inhibitors
- Interleukin-12 Subunit p40
- Multiple Sclerosis/etiology
- Multiple Sclerosis/immunology
- Myelin Proteins/immunology
- Protein Subunits/antagonists & inhibitors
- Spinal Cord/immunology
- Spinal Cord/pathology
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Herbert P M Brok
- Department of Immunobiology, Biomedical Primate Research Center, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
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11
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Wesemann DR, Dong Y, O'Keefe GM, Nguyen VT, Benveniste EN. Suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 inhibits cytokine induction of CD40 expression in macrophages. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2002; 169:2354-60. [PMID: 12193701 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.169.5.2354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CD40 is a type I membrane-bound molecule belonging to the TNFR superfamily that is expressed on various immune cells including macrophages and microglia. The aberrant expression of CD40 is involved in the initiation and maintenance of various human diseases including multiple sclerosis, arthritis, atherosclerosis, and Alzheimer's disease. Inhibition of CD40 signaling has been shown to provide a significant beneficial effect in a number of animal models of human diseases including the aforementioned examples. We have previously shown that IFN-gamma induces CD40 expression in macrophages and microglia. IFN-gamma leads to STAT-1alpha activation directly and up-regulation of NF-kappaB activity due to the secretion and subsequent autocrine signaling of TNF-alpha. However, TNF-alpha alone is not capable of inducing CD40 expression in these cells. Suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 protein (SOCS-1) is a cytokine-inducible Src homology 2-containing protein that regulates cytokine receptor signaling by inhibiting STAT-1alpha activation via a specific interaction with activated Janus kinase 2. Given the important role of CD40 in inflammatory events in the CNS as well as other organ systems, it is imperative to understand the molecular mechanisms contributing to both CD40 induction and repression. We show that ectopic expression of SOCS-1 abrogates IFN-gamma-induced CD40 protein expression, mRNA levels, and promoter activity. Additionally, IFN-gamma-induced TNF-alpha secretion, as well as STAT-1alpha and NF-kappaB activation, are inhibited in the presence of SOCS-1. We conclude that SOCS-1 inhibits cytokine-induced CD40 expression by blocking IFN-gamma-mediated STAT-1alpha activation, which also then results in suppression of IFN-gamma-induced TNF-alpha secretion and subsequent NF-kappaB activation.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, CD/genetics
- Antigens, CD/physiology
- CD40 Antigens/biosynthesis
- CD40 Antigens/genetics
- Carrier Proteins/biosynthesis
- Carrier Proteins/genetics
- Carrier Proteins/physiology
- Cell Line
- Cytokines/antagonists & inhibitors
- Cytokines/physiology
- DNA-Binding Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Down-Regulation/genetics
- Down-Regulation/immunology
- Immunosuppressive Agents/pharmacology
- Interferon-Stimulated Gene Factor 3
- Interferon-gamma/antagonists & inhibitors
- Interferon-gamma/physiology
- Macrophages/immunology
- Macrophages/metabolism
- Mice
- NF-kappa B/antagonists & inhibitors
- NF-kappa B/metabolism
- Promoter Regions, Genetic/immunology
- Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Proteins/genetics
- Proteins/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/antagonists & inhibitors
- RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis
- Receptor-Interacting Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor/genetics
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor/physiology
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I
- Repressor Proteins
- Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 1 Protein
- Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling Proteins
- Transcription Factors/antagonists & inhibitors
- Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Transfection
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/antagonists & inhibitors
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/pharmacology
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Duane R Wesemann
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Alabama, Birmingham 35294, USA
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12
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Natarajan C, Bright JJ. Curcumin inhibits experimental allergic encephalomyelitis by blocking IL-12 signaling through Janus kinase-STAT pathway in T lymphocytes. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2002; 168:6506-13. [PMID: 12055272 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.168.12.6506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) is a CD4(+) Th1 cell-mediated inflammatory demyelinating autoimmune disease of the CNS that serves as an animal model for multiple sclerosis (MS). IL-12 is a proinflammatory cytokine that plays a crucial role in the induction of neural Ag-specific Th1 differentiation and pathogenesis of CNS demyelination in EAE and MS. Curcumin (1,7-Bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1,6-heptadiene-3,5-dione) is a naturally occurring polyphenolic phytochemical isolated from the rhizome of the medicinal plant Curcuma longa. It has profound anti-inflammatory activity and been traditionally used to treat inflammatory disorders. In this study we have examined the effect and mechanism of action of curcumin on the pathogenesis of CNS demyelination in EAE. In vivo treatment of SJL/J mice with curcumin significantly reduced the duration and clinical severity of active immunization and adoptive transfer EAE. Curcumin inhibited EAE in association with a decrease in IL-12 production from macrophage/microglial cells and differentiation of neural Ag-specific Th1 cells. In vitro treatment of activated T cells with curcumin inhibited IL-12-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of Janus kinase 2, tyrosine kinase 2, and STAT3 and STAT4 transcription factors. The inhibition of Janus kinase-STAT pathway by curcumin resulted in a decrease in IL-12-induced T cell proliferation and Th1 differentiation. These findings highlight the fact that curcumin inhibits EAE by blocking IL-12 signaling in T cells and suggest its use in the treatment of MS and other Th1 cell-mediated inflammatory diseases.
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MESH Headings
- Adoptive Transfer
- Animals
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/administration & dosage
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/therapeutic use
- Cells, Cultured
- Central Nervous System/drug effects
- Central Nervous System/pathology
- Curcumin/administration & dosage
- Curcumin/therapeutic use
- DNA-Binding Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Demyelinating Diseases/enzymology
- Demyelinating Diseases/immunology
- Demyelinating Diseases/pathology
- Demyelinating Diseases/prevention & control
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/enzymology
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/immunology
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/pathology
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/prevention & control
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/immunology
- Female
- Immunosuppressive Agents/administration & dosage
- Immunosuppressive Agents/therapeutic use
- Injections, Intraperitoneal
- Interleukin-12/antagonists & inhibitors
- Interleukin-12/biosynthesis
- Interleukin-12/physiology
- Janus Kinase 1
- Macrophages/drug effects
- Macrophages/immunology
- Macrophages/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred Strains
- Microglia/drug effects
- Microglia/immunology
- Microglia/metabolism
- Myelin Basic Protein/administration & dosage
- Myelin Basic Protein/immunology
- Phosphorylation/drug effects
- Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors
- Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/physiology
- STAT3 Transcription Factor
- STAT4 Transcription Factor
- Signal Transduction/immunology
- Spleen/drug effects
- Spleen/immunology
- Spleen/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes/drug effects
- T-Lymphocytes/enzymology
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Trans-Activators/antagonists & inhibitors
- Trans-Activators/metabolism
- Tyrosine/metabolism
- Vaccination
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandramohan Natarajan
- Division of Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37212, USA
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13
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Nguyen VT, Benveniste EN. Critical role of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and NF-kappa B in interferon-gamma -induced CD40 expression in microglia/macrophages. J Biol Chem 2002; 277:13796-803. [PMID: 11830590 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111906200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
CD40 is a member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor superfamily. CD40 expression on antigen-presenting cells (including macrophages and microglia) is crucial for T-cell activation. Aberrant expression of CD40 has been associated with autoimmune inflammatory diseases such as multiple sclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis. We have recently shown that the cytokine interferon (IFN)-gamma is the most potent inducer of CD40 expression in macrophages and microglia, and this induction is mediated by the IFN-gamma-activated transcription factor STAT-1alpha and constitutively expressed PU.1 and/or Spi-B. In this study, we have discovered that a major component of IFN-gamma-induced CD40 expression involves the endogenous production of the cytokine TNF-alpha. The inclusion of anti-TNF-alpha-neutralizing antibody significantly inhibits IFN-gamma-induced CD40 mRNA and CD40 promoter activity. IFN-gamma-induced CD40 protein expression is attenuated in TNF-alpha-deficient microglia and can be restored with exogenous TNF-alpha. Site-directed mutagenesis studies demonstrate that three of the four NF-kappaB elements in the CD40 promoter are required for IFN-gamma-induced CD40 promoter activity. IFN-gamma treatment leads to the activation of NF-kappaB in a time-dependent manner, which is inhibited in the presence of anti-TNF-alpha-neutralizing antibody. These results indicate that IFN-gamma-induced TNF-alpha production and subsequent NF-kappaB activation are integral parts of the mechanism of IFN-gamma-induced CD40 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vince T Nguyen
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, USA
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Natarajan C, Bright JJ. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonists inhibit experimental allergic encephalomyelitis by blocking IL-12 production, IL-12 signaling and Th1 differentiation. Genes Immun 2002; 3:59-70. [PMID: 11960303 DOI: 10.1038/sj.gene.6363832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2001] [Revised: 10/30/2001] [Accepted: 10/30/2001] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) is a nuclear receptor transcription factor that regulates adipocyte differentiation and glucose homeostasis. PPARgamma agonists are potent therapeutic agents for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and obesity. PPARgamma agonists also prevent inflammation in animal models, suggesting their use for the treatment of human inflammatory diseases. Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) is a Th1 cell-mediated inflammatory demyelinating disease model of multiple sclerosis (MS) and IL-12 plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of EAE and MS. In this study we have examined the effect of PPARgamma agonists on the pathogenesis of EAE. In vivo treatment of SJL/J mice with PPARgamma agonists, 15-deoxydelta(12,14) prostaglandin J2 or Ciglitazone, decreased the duration and clinical severity of active immunization and adoptive transfer models of EAE. PPARgamma agonists inhibited EAE in association with a decrease in IL-12 production and differentiation of neural antigen-specific Th1 cells. In vitro treatment of activated T cells with PPARgamma agonists inhibited IL-12-induced activation of JAK-STAT signaling pathway and Th1 differentiation. These findings highlight the fact that PPARgamma agonists regulate central nervous system inflammation and demyelination by inhibiting IL-12 production, IL-12 signaling and Th1 differentiation in EAE.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Natarajan
- Division of Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37212, USA
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