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Lee CY, So YS, Yoo SH, Lee BH, Seo DH. Impact of artificial sweeteners and rare sugars on the gut microbiome. Food Sci Biotechnol 2024; 33:2047-2064. [PMID: 39130663 PMCID: PMC11315849 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-024-01597-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Alternative sugars are often used as sugar substitutes because of their low calories and glycemic index. Recently, consumption of these sweeteners in diet foods and beverages has increased dramatically, raising concerns about their health effects. This review examines the types and characteristics of artificial sweeteners and rare sugars and analyzes their impact on the gut microbiome. In the section on artificial sweeteners, we have described the chemical structures of different sweeteners, their digestion and absorption processes, and their effects on the gut microbiota. We have also discussed the biochemical properties and production methods of rare sugars and their positive and negative effects on gut microbial communities. Finally, we have described how artificial sweeteners and rare sugars alter the gut microbiome and how these changes affect the gut environment. Our observations aim to improve our understanding regarding the potential health implications of the consumption of artificial sweeteners and low-calorie sugars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Young Lee
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896 Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Sang So
- Department of Food Science & Biotechnology, and Carbohydrate Bioproduct Research Center, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006 Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Ho Yoo
- Department of Food Science & Biotechnology, and Carbohydrate Bioproduct Research Center, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006 Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Hoo Lee
- Department of Food Science & Biotechnology, Gachon University, Seongnam, 13120 Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Ho Seo
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896 Republic of Korea
- Department of Food Science & Biotechnology, and Carbohydrate Bioproduct Research Center, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006 Republic of Korea
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2
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Jing W, Hou F, Wu X, Zheng M, Zheng Y, Lu F, Liu F. A Critical Review on Immobilized Sucrose Isomerase and Cells for Producing Isomaltulose. Foods 2024; 13:1228. [PMID: 38672899 PMCID: PMC11048954 DOI: 10.3390/foods13081228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Isomaltulose is a novel sweetener and is considered healthier than the common sugars, such as sucrose or glucose. It has been internationally recognized as a safe food product and holds vast potential in pharmaceutical and food industries. Sucrose isomerase is commonly used to produce isomaltulose from the substrate sucrose in vitro and in vivo. However, free cells/enzymes were often mixed with the product, making recycling difficult and leading to a significant increase in production costs. Immobilized cells/enzymes have the following advantages including easy separation from products, high stability, and reusability, which can significantly reduce production costs. They are more suitable than free ones for industrial production. Recently, immobilized cells/enzymes have been encapsulated using composite materials to enhance their mechanical strength and reusability and reduce leakage. This review summarizes the advancements made in immobilized cells/enzymes for isomaltulose production in terms of refining traditional approaches and innovating in materials and methods. Moreover, innovations in immobilized enzyme methods include cross-linked enzyme aggregates, nanoflowers, inclusion bodies, and directed affinity immobilization. Material innovations involve nanomaterials, graphene oxide, and so on. These innovations circumvent challenges like the utilization of toxic cross-linking agents and enzyme leakage encountered in traditional methods, thus contributing to enhanced enzyme stability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Fufeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; (W.J.); (F.H.); (X.W.); (M.Z.); (Y.Z.); (F.L.)
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3
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Corbee RJ, Mes JJ, de Jong GAH, van den Dool RTM, Neumer F, Theis S, Bosch G. Brush border enzyme hydrolysis and glycaemic effects of isomaltulose compared to other saccharides in dogs. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2023; 107:1456-1464. [PMID: 37448186 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Digestible carbohydrates differ in glycaemic response, therewith having the potential to influence metabolic conditions such as insulin resistance and diabetes mellitus. Isomaltulose has been proven to lower the glycaemic response in humans, which to date has not been studied in dogs. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to characterise the digestibility, as well as the physiological effects of isomaltulose in dogs, in comparison to other saccharides. To this end, three studies were performed. Study 1 was an in vitro study, evaluating the small intestinal hydrolysis of isomaltulose compared to other relevant carbohydrate sources. Three of these saccharides, having close and low-moderate degrees of hydrolysis by brush border enzymes, were also evaluated in vivo for their glycaemic effects by measuring plasma levels of glucose, insulin and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) 0-180 min after administration of a single dosage after an overnight fast (i.e., isomaltulose, sucrose and maltodextrin in a 3 × 3 Latin-square design, in 9 dogs, Study 2). To understand if digestive enzymes, underlying glycaemic responses for isomaltulose and sucrose can be upregulated, we exposed dogs to these saccharides for 2 weeks and repeated the measurements after an overnight fast in 18 dogs (Study 3). Isomaltulose was hydrolysed by intestinal enzyme preparation from all three dogs, but the degrading activity was low (e.g., 3.95 ± 1.03 times lower vs. sucrose), indicating a slower rate of hydrolysis. Isomaltulose had a low glycaemic response, in line with in vitro data. In vitro hydrolysis of sucrose was comparable or even higher than maltodextrin in contrast to the more pronounced glycaemic response to maltodextrin observed in vivo. The numerically higher blood glucose response to sucrose after continuous consumption, might indicate an adaptive response. In conclusion, the current work provides valuable insights into the digestion physiology of various saccharides in dogs. Further investigations on related benefits are thus warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald J Corbee
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jurriaan J Mes
- Wageningen Food and Biobased Research, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Govardus A H de Jong
- Wageningen Food and Biobased Research, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Ronald T M van den Dool
- Wageningen Food and Biobased Research, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Guido Bosch
- Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
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4
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Heiss DR, Amoah E, Badu-Tawiah AK. Two-dimensional isomer differentiation using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry with in-source, droplet-based derivatization. Analyst 2023; 148:5270-5278. [PMID: 37740330 PMCID: PMC10696534 DOI: 10.1039/d3an01276j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Saccharides are increasingly used as biomarkers and for therapeutic purposes. Their characterization is challenging due to their low ionization efficiencies and inherent structural heterogeneity. Here, we illustrate how the coupling of online droplet-based reaction, in a form of contained electrospray (ES) ion source, with liquid chromatography (LC) tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) allows the comprehensive characterization of sucrose isomers. We used the reaction between phenylboronic acid and cis-diols for on-the-fly derivatization of saccharides eluting from the LC column followed by in situ MS/MS analysis, which afforded diagnostic fragment ions that enabled differentiation of species indistinguishable by chromatography or mass spectrometry alone. For example, chromatograms differing only by 2% in retention times were flagged to be different based on incompatible MS/MS fragmentation patterns. This orthogonal LC-contained-ES-MS/MS method was applied to confirm the presence of turanose, palatinose, maltulose, and maltose, which are structural isomers of sucrose, in three different honey samples. The reported workflow does not require modification to existing mass spectrometers, and the contained-ES platform itself acts both as the ion source and the reactor, all promising widespread application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derik R Heiss
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.
- Battelle Memorial Institute, 505 King Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43201, USA
| | - Enoch Amoah
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.
| | - Abraham K Badu-Tawiah
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.
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Sardiña-Peña AJ, Mesa-Ramos L, Iglesias-Figueroa BF, Ballinas-Casarrubias L, Siqueiros-Cendón TS, Espinoza-Sánchez EA, Flores-Holguín NR, Arévalo-Gallegos S, Rascón-Cruz Q. Analyzing Current Trends and Possible Strategies to Improve Sucrose Isomerases' Thermostability. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14513. [PMID: 37833959 PMCID: PMC10572972 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to their ability to produce isomaltulose, sucrose isomerases are enzymes that have caught the attention of researchers and entrepreneurs since the 1950s. However, their low activity and stability at temperatures above 40 °C have been a bottleneck for their industrial application. Specifically, the instability of these enzymes has been a challenge when it comes to their use for the synthesis and manufacturing of chemicals on a practical scale. This is because industrial processes often require biocatalysts that can withstand harsh reaction conditions, like high temperatures. Since the 1980s, there have been significant advancements in the thermal stabilization engineering of enzymes. Based on the literature from the past few decades and the latest achievements in protein engineering, this article systematically describes the strategies used to enhance the thermal stability of sucrose isomerases. Additionally, from a theoretical perspective, we discuss other potential mechanisms that could be used for this purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amado Javier Sardiña-Peña
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Circuito Universitarios s/n Nuevo Campus Universitario, Chihuahua 31125, Mexico; (A.J.S.-P.); (B.F.I.-F.); (L.B.-C.); (T.S.S.-C.); (E.A.E.-S.); (S.A.-G.)
| | - Liber Mesa-Ramos
- Laboratorio de Microbiología III, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Circuito Universitarios s/n Nuevo Campus Universitario, Chihuahua 31125, Mexico;
| | - Blanca Flor Iglesias-Figueroa
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Circuito Universitarios s/n Nuevo Campus Universitario, Chihuahua 31125, Mexico; (A.J.S.-P.); (B.F.I.-F.); (L.B.-C.); (T.S.S.-C.); (E.A.E.-S.); (S.A.-G.)
| | - Lourdes Ballinas-Casarrubias
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Circuito Universitarios s/n Nuevo Campus Universitario, Chihuahua 31125, Mexico; (A.J.S.-P.); (B.F.I.-F.); (L.B.-C.); (T.S.S.-C.); (E.A.E.-S.); (S.A.-G.)
| | - Tania Samanta Siqueiros-Cendón
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Circuito Universitarios s/n Nuevo Campus Universitario, Chihuahua 31125, Mexico; (A.J.S.-P.); (B.F.I.-F.); (L.B.-C.); (T.S.S.-C.); (E.A.E.-S.); (S.A.-G.)
| | - Edward Alexander Espinoza-Sánchez
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Circuito Universitarios s/n Nuevo Campus Universitario, Chihuahua 31125, Mexico; (A.J.S.-P.); (B.F.I.-F.); (L.B.-C.); (T.S.S.-C.); (E.A.E.-S.); (S.A.-G.)
| | - Norma Rosario Flores-Holguín
- Laboratorio Virtual NANOCOSMOS, Departamento de Medio Ambiente y Energía, Centro de Investigación en Materiales Avanzados, Chihuahua 31136, Mexico;
| | - Sigifredo Arévalo-Gallegos
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Circuito Universitarios s/n Nuevo Campus Universitario, Chihuahua 31125, Mexico; (A.J.S.-P.); (B.F.I.-F.); (L.B.-C.); (T.S.S.-C.); (E.A.E.-S.); (S.A.-G.)
| | - Quintín Rascón-Cruz
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Circuito Universitarios s/n Nuevo Campus Universitario, Chihuahua 31125, Mexico; (A.J.S.-P.); (B.F.I.-F.); (L.B.-C.); (T.S.S.-C.); (E.A.E.-S.); (S.A.-G.)
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6
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Onuma N, Shindo D, Matsuo E, Sakazaki M, Nagai Y, Yamanaka K. Pre-exercise isomaltulose intake affects carbohydrate oxidation reduction during endurance exercise and maximal power output in the subsequent Wingate test. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2023; 15:89. [PMID: 37488656 PMCID: PMC10364385 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-023-00702-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ingestion of low-glycemic index (GI) isomaltulose (ISO) not only suppresses subsequent carbohydrate (CHO) oxidation but also inversely retains more CHO after prolonged endurance exercise. Therefore, ISO intake may affect anaerobic power output after prolonged endurance exercise. This study aimed to clarify the time course of CHO utilization during endurance exercise after a single intake of ISO or sucrose (SUC) and the anaerobic power output at the end of endurance exercise. METHODS After an intake of either ISO or SUC, 13 athletes were kept at rest for 60 min. Thereafter, they performed a 90-min of treadmill running at their individual target level of % [Formula: see text]max. During the experimental session, the expired gas was recorded, and the energy expenditure (EE) and CHO oxidation rate were estimated. Immediately after 90 min of running, a 30-s Wingate test was performed, and the maximal anaerobic power output was compared between the ISO and SUC conditions. RESULTS The percentage of CHO-derived EE increased rapidly after CHO intake and then decreased gradually throughout the experiment. The slopes of the regression lines calculated from the time course in the CHO-derived EE were significantly (negatively) larger in the SUC condition (-19.4 ± 9.6 [%/h]) than in the ISO condition (-13.3 ± 7.5 [%/h]). Furthermore, the maximal power output in the Wingate test immediately after the endurance exercise was significantly higher in the ISO condition than in the SUC condition (peak power: 12.0 ± 0.6 vs. 11.5 ± 0.9 [W/kg]). CONCLUSION Compared with SUC intake, ISO intake does not produce an abrupt decline in the percentage of CHO-derived EE during prolonged endurance exercise; it remains relatively high until the final exercise phase. Additionally, anaerobic power output at the end of the exercise, largely contributed by anaerobic glycolysis, was greater after ISO intake than after SUC intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoko Onuma
- School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, Funabashi, Chiba, Japan
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Showa Women's University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Shindo
- School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, Funabashi, Chiba, Japan
| | - Eriko Matsuo
- College of Sports Sciences, Nihon University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | - Kentaro Yamanaka
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Showa Women's University, Tokyo, Japan.
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7
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Kim E. Effects of Natural Alternative Sweeteners on Metabolic Diseases. Clin Nutr Res 2023; 12:229-243. [PMID: 37593210 PMCID: PMC10432160 DOI: 10.7762/cnr.2023.12.3.229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The rising prevalence of obesity and diabetes is a significant health concern both in globally and is now regarded as a worldwide epidemic. Added sugars like sucrose and high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS) are a major concern due to their link with an increased incidence of diet-induced obesity and diabetes. The purpose of this review is to provide insight into the effects of natural sweeteners as alternatives to sucrose and HFCS, which are known to have negative impacts on metabolic diseases and to promote further research on sugar consumption with a focus on improving metabolic health. The collective evidences suggest that natural alternative sweeteners have positive impacts on various markers associated with obesity and diabetes, including body weight gain, hepatic fat accumulation, abnormal blood glucose or lipid homeostasis, and insulin resistance. Taken together, natural alternative sweeteners can be useful substitutes to decrease the risk of obesity and diabetes compared with sucrose and HFCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunju Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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8
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Sclafani A, Castillo A, Carata I, Pines R, Berglas E, Joseph S, Sarker J, Nashed M, Roland M, Arzayus S, Williams N, Glendinning JI, Bodnar RJ. Conditioned preference and avoidance induced in mice by the rare sugars isomaltulose and allulose. Physiol Behav 2023; 267:114221. [PMID: 37146897 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2023.114221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Isomaltulose, a slowly digested isocaloric analog of sucrose, and allulose, a noncaloric fructose analog, are promoted as "healthful" sugar alternatives in human food products. Here we investigated the appetite and preference conditioning actions of these sugar analogs in inbred mouse strains. In brief-access lick tests (Experiment 1), C57BL/6 (B6) mice showed similar concentration dependent increases in licking for allulose and fructose, but less pronounced concentration-dependent increases in licking for isomaltulose than sucrose. In Experiment 2, B6 male were given one-bottle training with a CS+ flavor (e.g., grape) mixed with 8% isomaltulose or allulose and a CS- flavor (e.g., cherry) mixed in water followed by two-bottle CS flavor tests. The isomaltulose mice showed only a weak CS+ flavor preference but a strong preference for the sugar over water. The allulose mice strongly preferred the CS- flavor and water over the sugar. The allulose avoidance may be due to gut discomfort as reported in humans consuming high amounts of the sugar. Experiment 3 found that the preference for 8% sucrose over 8% isomaltulose could be reversed or blocked by adding different concentrations of a noncaloric sweetener mixture (sucralose + saccharin, SS) to the isomaltulose. Experiment 4 revealed that the preference of B6 or FVB/N mice for isomaltulose+0.01%SS or sucrose over 0.1%SS increased after separate experience with the sugars and SS. This indicates that isomaltulose, like sucrose, has postoral appetition effects that enhances the appetite for the sugar. In Experiments 5 and 6, the appetition actions of the two sugars were directly compared by giving mice isomaltulose+0.05%SS vs. sucrose choice tests before and after separate experience with the two sugars. In general, the initial preference the mice displayed for isomaltulose+0.05%SS was reduced or reversed after separate experience with the two sugars although some strain and sex differences were obtained. This indicates that isomaltulose has weaker postoral appetition effects than sucrose.
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Amoah E, Kulyk DS, Callam CS, Hadad CM, Badu-Tawiah AK. Mass Spectrometry Approach for Differentiation of Positional Isomers of Saccharides: Toward Direct Analysis of Rare Sugars. Anal Chem 2023; 95:5635-5642. [PMID: 36947664 PMCID: PMC10696529 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c05375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
Rare sugars have gained popularity in recent years due to their use in antiaging treatments, their ability to sweeten with few calories, and their ability to heal infections. Rare sugars are found in small quantities in nature, and they exist typically as isomeric forms of traditional sugars, rendering some challenges in their isolation, synthesis, and characterization. In this work, we present the first direct mass spectrometric approach for differentiating structural isomers of sucrose that differ only by their glycosidic linkages. The method employed a noncontact nanoelectrospray (nESI) platform capable of analyzing minuscule volumes (5 μL) of saccharides via the formation of halide adducts ([M+X]-; X = Cl and Br). Tandem mass spectrometry analysis of the five structural isomers of sucrose afforded diagnostic fragment ions that can be used to distinguish each isomer. Detailed mechanisms showcasing the distinct fragmentation pattern for each isomer are discussed. The method was applied to characterize and confirm the presence of all five selected rare sugars in raw honey complex samples. Aside from the five natural α isomers of sucrose, the method was also suitable for differentiating some β isomers of the same glycosidic linkages, provided the monomeric sugar units are different. The halide adduct formation via the noncontact nESI source was also proven to be effective for oligosaccharides such as raffinose, β-cyclodextrin, and maltoheptaose. The results from this study encourage the future development of methods that function with simple operation to enable straightforward characterization of small quantities of rare sugars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enoch Amoah
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Dmytro S. Kulyk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Christopher S. Callam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Christopher M. Hadad
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Abraham K. Badu-Tawiah
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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10
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Kawakami Y, Mazuka M, Yasuda A, Sato M, Hosaka T, Arai H. Acute effect of fructose, sucrose, and isomaltulose on uric acid metabolism in healthy participants. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2023; 72:61-67. [PMID: 36777082 PMCID: PMC9899922 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.22-41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Fructose is associated with hyperuricemia and gout development. Focusing on fructose and fructose-containing disaccharides, we investigated the effects of three different types of carbohydrates (fructose, sucrose, and isomaltulose) on uric acid metabolism and gene expression profiling in peripheral white blood cells. In a randomized crossover study, ten healthy participants ingested test drinks of fructose, sucrose, and isomaltulose, each containing 25 g of fructose. Plasma glucose, serum and urine uric acid, and xanthine/hypoxanthine concentrations were measured. Microarray analysis in peripheral white blood cells and real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction were examined at 0 and 120 in after the intake of test drinks. Serum uric acid concentrations for group fructose were significantly higher than group sucrose at 30-120 min and were significantly higher than those for group isomaltulose at 30-240 min. Several genes involved in the "nuclear factor-kappa B signaling pathway" were markedly changed in group fructose. No significant differences in the mRNA expression levels of tumor necrosis factor, nuclear factor-kappa B, interleukin-1β, and interleukin-18 were noted. This study indicated that fructose intake (monosaccharide) elevated serum uric acid concentrations compared with disaccharide intake. Differences in the quality of carbohydrates might reduce the rapid increase of postprandial serum uric acid concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Kawakami
- Laboratory of Clinical Nutrition and Management, Graduate Division of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, and Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, The University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Megumi Mazuka
- Laboratory of Clinical Nutrition and Management, Graduate Division of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, and Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, The University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Arisa Yasuda
- Laboratory of Clinical Nutrition and Management, Graduate Division of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, and Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, The University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Megumi Sato
- Laboratory of Clinical Nutrition and Management, Graduate Division of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, and Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, The University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Toshio Hosaka
- Laboratory of Clinical Nutrition, Graduate Division of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, and Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, The University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Arai
- Laboratory of Clinical Nutrition and Management, Graduate Division of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, and Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, The University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan,To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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11
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Chen S, Wu F, Yang C, Zhao C, Cheng N, Cao W, Zhao H. Alternative to Sugar, Honey Does Not Provoke Insulin Resistance in Rats Based on Lipid Profiles, Inflammation, and IRS/PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathways Modulation. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:10194-10208. [PMID: 35971648 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c03639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Insulin resistance (IR) is the central link to metabolic syndrome (MS), and IR prevention has become the key to overcoming this worldwide public health problem. A diet rich in simple sugars is an important pathogenic factor in IR development. To investigate the effect of honey on IR compared to the sugar-water diet, we analyzed phenolics and oligosaccharides in jujube honey and rape honey based on LC-MS and silane derivatization/GC-MS. The effects of different diets on glucose and lipid profile, histopathology and IR-related mechanism pathways were analyzed and compared by equal sugar levels intervention of fructose, fructose + glucose and two kinds of unifloral honey (high-/low-dose) in rats. The results suggested that sugar-equivalent honey, which differs from sugar solution, especially 17.1 g/kg BW jujube honey rich in phenolics (1.971 mg/100 g of isoquercitrin) and oligosaccharides (2.18 g/100 g of turanose), suppressed IR via maintaining glucose (OGTT and ITT) and lipid (TC, TG, LDL-C, HDL-C, and NEFA) homeostasis, improving histological structural abnormalities of the liver, adipose and skeletal muscle, reducing oxidative stress (GSH-Px and MDA) and inflammation (IL-6 and TNF-α), modulating the NF-κB (NF-κB gene expression was down-regulated to 0.94) and IRS/PI3K/AKT signaling pathways (e.g., AKT and GLUT2 expression in liver increased by 4.56 and 13.37 times, respectively) as well as reshaping the gut microbiota. These revealed a potential nutritional contribution of substituting honey for simple sugar in the diet, providing a theoretical basis for controlling IR development via dietary modification and supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinan Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, 229 North TaiBai Road, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Fanhua Wu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, 229 North TaiBai Road, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Chenchen Yang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, 229 North TaiBai Road, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Cheng Zhao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, 229 North TaiBai Road, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Ni Cheng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, 229 North TaiBai Road, Xi'an 710069, China
- Bee Product Research Center of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an 710065, China
| | - Wei Cao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, 229 North TaiBai Road, Xi'an 710069, China
- Bee Product Research Center of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an 710065, China
| | - Haoan Zhao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, 229 North TaiBai Road, Xi'an 710069, China
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12
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Hu M, Liu F, Wang Z, Shao M, Xu M, Yang T, Zhang R, Zhang X, Rao Z. Sustainable isomaltulose production in Corynebacterium glutamicum by engineering the thermostability of sucrose isomerase coupled with one-step simplified cell immobilization. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:979079. [PMID: 36033839 PMCID: PMC9399683 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.979079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Sucrose isomerase (SI), catalyzing sucrose to isomaltulose, has been widely used in isomaltulose production, but its poor thermostability is still resisted in sustainable batches production. Here, protein engineering and one-step immobilized cell strategy were simultaneously coupled to maintain steady state for long-term operational stabilities. First, rational design of Pantoea dispersa SI (PdSI) for improving its thermostability by predicting and substituting the unstable amino acid residues was investigated using computational analysis. After screening mutagenesis library, two single mutants (PdSIV280L and PdSIS499F) displayed favorable characteristics on thermostability, and further study found that the double mutant PdSIV280L/S499F could stabilize PdSIWT better. Compared with PdSIWT, PdSIV280L/S499F displayed a 3.2°C-higher T m , and showed a ninefold prolonged half-life at 45°C. Subsequently, a one-step simplified immobilization method was developed for encapsulation of PdSIV280L/S499F in food-grade Corynebacterium glutamicum cells to further enhance the recyclability of isomaltulose production. Recombinant cells expressing combinatorial mutant (RCSI2) were successfully immobilized in 2.5% sodium alginate without prior permeabilization. The immobilized RCSI2 showed that the maximum yield of isomaltulose by batch conversion reached to 453.0 g/L isomaltulose with a productivity of 41.2 g/l/h from 500.0 g/L sucrose solution, and the conversion rate remained 83.2% after 26 repeated batches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Xian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Zhiming Rao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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13
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Zhou Z, Yu S, Cui L, Shao K, Pang H, Wang Z, He N, Li S. Isomaltulose alleviates acute colitis via modulating gut microbiota and the Treg/Th17 balance in mice. Food Funct 2022; 13:8572-8584. [PMID: 35894244 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo01157c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Food-grade isomaltulose exhibits significant modulation of gut microbiota and its metabolites in healthy populations. This study further explored the preventive therapeutic effect and anti-colitis potential of isomaltulose on dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in mice. Our results suggested that isomaltulose played a significant role in preventing colon shortening, reducing intestinal epithelial destruction and inhibiting inflammatory cell infiltration. Meanwhile, the isomaltulose supplement greatly reduced the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and restored the balance between T helper type 17 (Th17) cells and regulatory T (Treg) cells. Pathway enrichment analysis for differentially expressed genes (DEGs) also indicated that the anti-inflammatory effect of isomaltulose was closely related to intestinal immunity. Moreover, the disturbed gut microbiota in ulcerative colitis (UC) was partially restored after treatment with isomaltulose. These results suggest that isomaltulose is a promising therapeutic agent for the prevention and adjunctive treatment of UC by maintaining intestinal immune homeostasis and remodeling the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihan Zhou
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China.
| | - Shengnan Yu
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China.
| | - Luwen Cui
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China.
| | - Kaidi Shao
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China.
| | - Hao Pang
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China.
| | - Zhipeng Wang
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China.
| | - Ningning He
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China.
| | - Shangyong Li
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China.
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14
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Campbell GJ, Lucic Fisher SG, Brandon AE, Senior AM, Bell-Anderson KS. Sex-specific effects of maternal dietary carbohydrate quality on fetal development and offspring metabolic phenotype in mice. Front Nutr 2022; 9:917880. [PMID: 35942169 PMCID: PMC9356227 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.917880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives In utero glycemia is an important determinant of fetal growth. Women with gestational diabetes are more likely to deliver large-for-gestational age babies that are at increased risk for obesity. The maternal nutritional state modulates the development of offspring biological systems during the critical periods of gestation and lactation. Carbohydrate typically contributes most of the dietary energy, however, there are very few mechanistic studies investigating the effects of maternal dietary carbohydrate quality on fetal and offspring outcomes. Therefore, we sought to investigate the direct effects of maternal carbohydrate quality on sex-specific offspring metabolic programming. Methods Female C57BL/6 mice were fed one of five isocaloric diets: four high-sugar diets based on glucose, sucrose, isomaltulose or fructose (all containing 60% energy as carbohydrate), or a standard, minimally processed, chow diet, and were mated with chow-fed males. Half of the dams were sacrificed for fetus dissection and placental collection, with the remaining giving live birth. All dams were metabolically profiled before and during pregnancy, and pups were similarly profiled at 12 weeks of age. Results Overall, glucose-fed dams were heavier and fatter than chow or isomaltulose-fed dams. Female fetuses from glucose and isomaltulose-fed mothers weighed less and had smaller livers, than those from chow-fed mothers, with isomaltulose-fed female fetuses also having decreased placental mass. In contrast, male fetuses responded differently to the maternal diets, with heart mass being significantly increased when their mothers were fed fructose-containing diets, that is, sucrose, isomaltulose and fructose. High-sugar fed female offspring weighed the same, but were significantly fatter, than chow-fed offspring at 12 weeks of age, while glucose and isomaltulose-fed male pups displayed a similar phenotype to their mothers’. Conclusion While both glucose and isomaltulose diets constrained fetal growth in females, only placentas from isomaltulose-fed dams were significantly smaller than those from chow-fed mothers, suggesting the mechanisms through which fetal growth is reduced may be different. Female fetuses of isomaltulose-fed mothers were also lighter than sucrose-fed fetuses suggesting the glycemic index, or rate of glucose digestion and absorption, may be an important factor in determining nutrient availability to the growing fetus.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Jean Campbell
- Charles Perkins Centre and School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sophie G. Lucic Fisher
- Charles Perkins Centre and School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Amanda E. Brandon
- Charles Perkins Centre and Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Alistair M. Senior
- Charles Perkins Centre and School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kim S. Bell-Anderson
- Charles Perkins Centre and School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- *Correspondence: Kim S. Bell-Anderson,
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15
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Fels L, Ruf F, Bunzel M. Quantification of Isomaltulose in Food Products by Using Heteronuclear Single Quantum Coherence NMR-Experiments. Front Nutr 2022; 9:928102. [PMID: 35832046 PMCID: PMC9271938 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.928102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Isomaltulose is a commonly used sweetener in sports nutrition and in products intended for consumption by diabetics. Because previously established chromatographic methods for quantification of isomaltulose suffer from long analysis times (60–210 min), faster quantitative approaches are required. Here, an HSQC (heteronuclear single quantum coherence) experiment with reduced interscan delay was established in order to quantify isomaltulose next to potential additional sugars such as d-glucose, d-fructose, d-galactose, sucrose, lactose, and maltose in 53 min. By using HSQC coupled to non-uniform sampling (NUS) as well as ASAP-HSQC (acceleration by sharing adjacent polarization), analysis times were reduced to a few minutes. Application of NUS-HSQC with reduced interscan delay takes 27 min, resulting in accurate and precise data. In principle, application of ASAP-HSQC approaches (with analysis times as low as 6 min) can be used; however, precision data may not suffice all applications.
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16
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Kokubo E, Morita S, Nagashima H, Oshio K, Iwamoto H, Miyaji K. Blood Glucose Response of a Low-Carbohydrate Oral Nutritional Supplement with Isomaltulose and Soluble Dietary Fiber in Individuals with Prediabetes: A Randomized, Single-Blind Crossover Trial. Nutrients 2022; 14:2386. [PMID: 35745116 PMCID: PMC9227094 DOI: 10.3390/nu14122386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A high-energy-type oral dietary supplement (ONS), with a low proportion of available carbohydrate (LC-ONS), which contains a slowly digestible carbohydrate, isomaltulose, and is fortified with soluble dietary fiber, was newly developed for individuals with diabetes or prediabetes. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of LC-ONS on blood glucose levels after ingestion in individuals with prediabetes. A single-blind, randomized crossover clinical trial was performed on 20 individuals with prediabetes. After overnight fasting, all subjects ingested one serving (200 kcal/125 mL) of either LC-ONS (40% energy proportion of available carbohydrates) or standard ONS (ST-ONS, 54% energy proportion of available carbohydrates) on two separate days. The incremental area under the curve of blood glucose levels for 120 min was significantly lower after LC-ONS ingestion compared to ST-ONS (2207 ± 391 mg/dL·min (least mean square value ± standard error) and 3735 ± 391 mg/dL·min, respectively; p < 0.001). The LC-ONS showed significantly lower blood glucose levels than the ST-ONS at all time points, except at baseline. Similarly, the incremental area under the curve of plasma insulin was significantly lower after LC-ONS ingestion. These results suggest that LC-ONS is useful as an ONS for energy supply in individuals with postprandial hyperglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eri Kokubo
- Health Care & Nutritional Science Institute, R&D Division, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., 5-1-83 Higashihara, Zama, Kanagawa 252-8583, Japan; (S.M.); (H.I.); (K.M.)
| | - Shunsuke Morita
- Health Care & Nutritional Science Institute, R&D Division, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., 5-1-83 Higashihara, Zama, Kanagawa 252-8583, Japan; (S.M.); (H.I.); (K.M.)
| | - Hirotaka Nagashima
- Medical Corporation Chiseikai Tokyo Center Clinic, 1-1-8 Yaesu, Chuou-ku, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan;
| | - Kazutaka Oshio
- R&D Planning Department, R&D Division, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., 5-1-83 Higashihara, Zama, Kanagawa 252-8583, Japan;
| | - Hiroshi Iwamoto
- Health Care & Nutritional Science Institute, R&D Division, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., 5-1-83 Higashihara, Zama, Kanagawa 252-8583, Japan; (S.M.); (H.I.); (K.M.)
| | - Kazuhiro Miyaji
- Health Care & Nutritional Science Institute, R&D Division, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., 5-1-83 Higashihara, Zama, Kanagawa 252-8583, Japan; (S.M.); (H.I.); (K.M.)
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17
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Amano T, Watanabe D, Otsuka J, Okamoto Y, Takada S, Fujii N, Kenny GP, Enoki Y, Maejima D. Comparison of hydration efficacy of carbohydrate-electrolytes beverages consisting of isomaltulose and sucrose in healthy young adults: A randomized crossover trial. Physiol Behav 2022; 249:113770. [PMID: 35247444 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2022.113770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Isomaltulose is a low glycemic and insulinaemic carbohydrate now used as an alternative sweetener in beverages. However, it remains unclear if hydration status may be impacted differently with the consumption of beverages containing isomaltulose as compared to sucrose, a common beverage sweetener. Thirteen young adults (7 women) consumed 1 L of a carbohydrate beverage (with low electrolyte content) containing either 6.5%-sucrose, 6.5%-isomaltulose, or water within a 15 min period. For each beverage, beverage hydration index (BHI, a composite measure of fluid balance after consuming a test beverage relative to water) was calculated from urine volume produced over a 3 h period following ingestion of the carbohydrate beverages relative to water. The change in plasma volume (ΔPV), blood glucose, and lactate concentrations were assessed every 30 min post-beverage consumption. Isomaltulose ingestion attenuated urine production as compared to water and sucrose (P ≤ 0.005) over the 3 h post-ingestion period. However, no differences were observed between sucrose and water (P = 0.055). BHI was 1.53 ± 0.44 for isomaltulose (P ≤ 0.022 vs. sucrose and water) and 1.20±0.29 for sucrose (P = 0.210 vs. water). A transient reduction in ΔPV was observed following the ingestion of the isomaltulose beverage (at 30 min, P = 0.007 vs. sucrose). Thereafter, no differences in ΔPV between beverages were measured. Increases in blood glucose and lactate, indices of absorption and utility of glucose, were delayed in the isomaltulose as compared to sucrose beverage. In summary, we demonstrated a greater BHI with a carbohydrate-electrolyte beverage containing isomaltulose as compared to sucrose. This may in part be attributed to a delayed absorption of isomaltulose reducing diuresis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuro Amano
- Laboratory for Exercise and Environmental Physiology, Faculty of Education, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan.
| | - Daichi Watanabe
- Laboratory for Exercise and Environmental Physiology, Faculty of Education, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Junto Otsuka
- Laboratory for Exercise and Environmental Physiology, Faculty of Education, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yumi Okamoto
- Laboratory for Exercise and Environmental Physiology, Faculty of Education, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Shota Takada
- Laboratory for Exercise and Environmental Physiology, Faculty of Education, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Naoto Fujii
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Glen P Kenny
- Human and Environmental Physiology Research Unit, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Yasuaki Enoki
- Advanced Research Institutes, Bourbon Corporation, Niigata, Japan
| | - Daisuke Maejima
- Advanced Research Institutes, Bourbon Corporation, Niigata, Japan
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18
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Isomaltulose: From origin to application and its beneficial properties – A bibliometric approach. Food Res Int 2022; 155:111061. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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19
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Macedo LL, Corrêa JLG, Vimercati WC, Araújo C. The impact of using vacuum and isomaltulose as an osmotic agent on mass exchange during osmotic dehydration and their effects on qualitative parameters of strawberries. J FOOD PROCESS ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpe.14057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Cintia Araújo
- Department of Food Science Federal University of Lavras Lavras Minas Gerais Brazil
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20
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Wongkaew M, Tangjaidee P, Leksawasdi N, Jantanasakulwong K, Rachtanapun P, Seesuriyachan P, Phimolsiripol Y, Chaiyaso T, Ruksiriwanich W, Jantrawut P, Sommano SR. Mango Pectic Oligosaccharides: A Novel Prebiotic for Functional Food. Front Nutr 2022; 9:798543. [PMID: 35399687 PMCID: PMC8987974 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.798543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Prebiotics are functional food ingredients that assist probiotic growth and render many other health benefits. Mango peel is the biomass of the processing industry and has recently been value-added as a dietary fiber pectin. Besides its general use as a food additive, mango peel pectin (MPP) is partially hydrolyzed by pectinase to obtain pectic oligosaccharides (POSs) that have recently gained attention as novel prebiotic products and in medical research. This review describes probiotic candidates responsible for the digestion of pectin derivatives and the advantages of POSs as functional additives and their current best retrieval options. Mango pectic oligosaccharide (MPOS) recovery from low methoxyl MPP from mango with prebiotic performance both in vivo and in vitro environments is discussed. Current research gaps and potential developments in the field are also explored. The overall worthiness of this article is the potential use of the cheap-green food processing bioresource for high-value components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malaiporn Wongkaew
- Program in Food Production and Innovation, College of Integrated Science and Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology Lanna, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Plant Bioactive Compound Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Pipat Tangjaidee
- Faculty of Agro-Industry, School of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Noppol Leksawasdi
- Faculty of Agro-Industry, School of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Cluster of Agro Bio-Circular-Green Industry (Agro BCG), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Kittisak Jantanasakulwong
- Faculty of Agro-Industry, School of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Cluster of Agro Bio-Circular-Green Industry (Agro BCG), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Pornchai Rachtanapun
- Faculty of Agro-Industry, School of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Cluster of Agro Bio-Circular-Green Industry (Agro BCG), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Phisit Seesuriyachan
- Faculty of Agro-Industry, School of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Cluster of Agro Bio-Circular-Green Industry (Agro BCG), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Yuthana Phimolsiripol
- Faculty of Agro-Industry, School of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Cluster of Agro Bio-Circular-Green Industry (Agro BCG), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Thanongsak Chaiyaso
- Faculty of Agro-Industry, School of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Cluster of Agro Bio-Circular-Green Industry (Agro BCG), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Warintorn Ruksiriwanich
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Cluster of Research and Development of Pharmaceutical and Natural Products Innovation for Human or Animal, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Pensak Jantrawut
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Cluster of Research and Development of Pharmaceutical and Natural Products Innovation for Human or Animal, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Sarana Rose Sommano
- Plant Bioactive Compound Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Cluster of Research and Development of Pharmaceutical and Natural Products Innovation for Human or Animal, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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21
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Laokuldilok N, Surin S, Damrongwattanakool N. Effect of using riceberry flour and xanthan gum on physical properties and estimated glycemic index of steamed rice cakes: optimization by D-optimal mixture design approach. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022; 59:724-734. [PMID: 35153313 PMCID: PMC8814073 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-021-05067-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Riceberry, a Thai black rice variety (Oryza Sativa L.) has been developed with the aim to provide high iron and low glucose to consumers. Therefore, riceberry could potentially be used to produce healthier processed foods. In this regard, a D-optimal mixture design was employed for the optimization of the steamed rice cakes which included ten combinations of riceberry flour (RF), xanthan gum (XG) and glutinous rice flour (GRF). The influence of RF substitution for GRF with XG addition on the texture, physicochemical and sensory properties, as well as the estimated glycemic index (eGI) of the steamed rice cakes, were studied. The results demonstrated that RF, XG, and GRF had a noticeable effect on eGI, textural, and sensory properties of the steamed rice cakes. XG was the variable that most affected hardness, adhesiveness, cohesiveness, and gumminess of the steamed rice cakes by the positive effect. XG had a negative effect on hydrolysis index and eGI. The optimum mixture obtained on a basis of overall liking, hardness, adhesiveness, gumminess, and eGI value contained 39% RF, 1% XG, and 60% GRF with desirability equal to 0.673. For filling, the red bean paste with 100% isomaltulose substitution for sucrose indicated the lowest value of eGI and the highest score of the overall liking. The optimum steamed rice cakes stuffed with the red bean paste used isomaltulose as a sucrose replacer were classified as the medium GI food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natcha Laokuldilok
- grid.443852.c0000 0000 8889 2779Division of Food and Business Innovation, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Lampang Rajabhat University, Lampang, 52100 Thailand
| | - Siriluck Surin
- grid.440403.70000 0004 0646 5810Division of Food Science and Technology Management, Faculty of Science and Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi, Khlong Luang, Pathumthani 12110 Thailand
| | - Nanthina Damrongwattanakool
- grid.443852.c0000 0000 8889 2779Division of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Lampang Rajabhat University, Lampang, 52100 Thailand
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22
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Ahmed A, Khan TA, Dan Ramdath D, Kendall CWC, Sievenpiper JL. Rare sugars and their health effects in humans: a systematic review and narrative synthesis of the evidence from human trials. Nutr Rev 2022; 80:255-270. [PMID: 34339507 PMCID: PMC8754252 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuab012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Rare sugars are monosaccharides and disaccharides (found in small quantities in nature) that have slight differences in their chemical structure compared with traditional sugars. Little is known about their unique physiological and cardiometabolic effects in humans. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to conduct a systematic review and synthesis of controlled intervention studies of rare sugars in humans, using PRISMA guidelines. DATA SOURCES MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched through October 1, 2020. Studies included both post-prandial (acute) and longer-term (≥1 week duration) human feeding studies that examined the effect of rare sugars (including allulose, arabinose, tagatose, trehalose, and isomaltulose) on cardiometabolic and physiological risk factors. DATA EXTRACTION In all, 50 studies in humans focusing on the 5 selected rare sugars were found. A narrative synthesis of the selected literature was conducted, without formal quality assessment or quantitative synthesis. DATA SYNTHESIS The narrative summary included the food source of each rare sugar, its effect in humans, and the possible mechanism of effect. Overall, these rare sugars were found to offer both short- and long-term benefits for glycemic control and weight loss, with effects differing between healthy individuals, overweight/obese individuals, and those with type 2 diabetes. Most studies were of small size and there was a lack of large randomized controlled trials that could confirm the beneficial effects of these rare sugars. CONCLUSION Rare sugars could offer an opportunity for commercialization as an alternative sweetener, especially for those who are at high cardiometabolic risk. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION OSF registration no. 10.17605/OSF.IO/FW43D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amna Ahmed
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tauseef A Khan
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - D Dan Ramdath
- Guelph Research & Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC), Guelph, Canada
| | - Cyril W C Kendall
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - John L Sievenpiper
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Nagsuwanchart P, Nakornchai S, Thaweboon S, Surarit R. Mogroside, palatinose, erythritol, and xylitol differentially affect dental plaque pH in caries-active and caries-free children: An in vitro study. PEDIATRIC DENTAL JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdj.2021.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Turck D, Bohn T, Castenmiller J, De Henauw S, Hirsch‐Ernst KI, Knutsen HK, Maciuk A, Mangelsdorf I, McArdle HJ, Naska A, Pelaez C, Pentieva K, Thies F, Tsabouri S, Vinceti M, Bresson J, Siani A. Isomaltulose and normal energy-yielding metabolism: evaluation of a health claim pursuant to Article 13(5) of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006. EFSA J 2021; 19:e06849. [PMID: 34707719 PMCID: PMC8527366 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2021.6849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Following an application from BENEO GmbH submitted for authorisation of a health claim pursuant to Article 13(5) of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006 via the Competent Authority of Germany, the EFSA Panel on Nutrition, Novel Foods and Food Allergens (NDA) was asked to deliver an opinion on the scientific substantiation of a health claim related to isomaltulose and normal energy-yielding metabolism. The scope of the application was proposed to fall under a health claim based on newly developed scientific evidence. The food proposed by the applicant as the subject of the health claim is isomaltulose. The Panel considers that isomaltulose is sufficiently characterised. The claimed effect proposed by the applicant is 'normal energy-yielding metabolism'. The Panel considers that contribution to normal energy-yielding metabolism is a beneficial physiological effect. A number of human studies applying indirect calorimetry measurements or stable isotope methodologies have shown the postprandial metabolic utilisation of isomaltulose as energy source. However, all energy-containing macronutrients (i.e. carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids) supply the body with energy and this property is not specific to isomaltulose. The Panel concludes that a cause and effect relationship has been established between the intake of isomaltulose and contribution to energy-yielding metabolism. The following wording reflects the scientific evidence: 'isomaltulose contributes to normal energy-yielding metabolism'. Since the contribution to energy-yielding metabolism is not specific to isomaltulose but applies to all energy containing macronutrients (i.e. carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids) that supply the body with metabolisable energy and any amount would contribute to the claimed effect, the Panel cannot set conditions of use for this claim. The applicant proposes that isomaltulose should replace other sugars in foods and/or beverages. The target population is the general population.
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Kim H, Lee S, Han SH, Suh HJ. Physicochemical properties and glucose tolerance of low‐calorie cookies containing palatinose. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.15958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hyo‐Won Kim
- Division of Biotechnology, Food Technology, Graduate School Korea University Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Seog‐Won Lee
- Department of Hotel Tourism & Culinary Arts, Culinary Arts and Food Service Management Major Yuhan University Bucheon Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Hee Han
- Institute of Human Behavior & Genetic, College of Medicine Korea University Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Joo Suh
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School Korea University Seoul Republic of Korea
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Improved Glycemic Control and Variability: Application of Healthy Ingredients in Asian Staples. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13093102. [PMID: 34578981 PMCID: PMC8468310 DOI: 10.3390/nu13093102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A reduction in carbohydrate intake and low-carbohydrate diets are often advocated to prevent and manage diabetes. However, limiting or eliminating carbohydrates may not be a long-term sustainable and maintainable approach for everyone. Alternatively, diet strategies to modulate glycemia can focus on the glycemic index (GI) of foods and glycemic load (GL) of meals. To assess the effect of a reduction in glycemic load of a 24 h diet by incorporating innovative functional ingredients (β-glucan, isomaltulose) and alternative low GI Asian staples (noodles, rice)on glycemic control and variability, twelve Chinese men (Age: 27.0 ± 5.1 years; BMI:21.6 ± 1.8kg/m2) followed two isocaloric, typically Asian, 24h diets with either a reduced glycemic load (LGL) or high glycemic load (HGL) in a randomized, single-blind, controlled, cross-over design. Test meals included breakfast, lunch, snack and dinner and the daily GL was reduced by 37% in the LGL diet. Continuous glucose monitoring provided 24 h glycemic excursion and variability parameters: incremental area under the curve (iAUC), max glucose concentration (Max), max glucose range, glucose standard deviation (SD), and mean amplitude of glycemic excursion (MAGE), time in range (TIR). Over 24h, the LGL diet resulted in a decrease in glucose Max (8.12 vs. 6.90 mmol/L; p = 0.0024), glucose range (3.78 vs. 2.21 mmol/L; p = 0.0005), glucose SD (0.78 vs. 0.43 mmol/L; p = 0.0002), mean amplitude of glycemic excursion (2.109 vs. 1.008; p < 0.0001), and increase in 4.5-6.5mmol/L TIR (82.2 vs. 94.6%; p = 0.009), compared to the HGL diet. The glucose iAUC, MAX, range and SD improved during the 2 h post-prandial window of each LGL meal, and this effect was more pronounced later in the day. The current results validate the dietary strategy of incorporating innovative functional ingredients (β-glucan, isomaltulose) and replacing Asian staples with alternative low GI carbohydrate sources to reduce daily glycemic load to improve glycemic control and variability as a viable alternative to the reduction in carbohydrate intake alone. These observations provide substantial public health support to encourage the consumption of staples of low GI/GL to reduce glucose levels and glycemic variability. Furthermore, there is growing evidence that the role of chrononutrition, as reported in this paper, requires further examination and should be considered as an important addition to the understanding of glucose homeostasis variation throughout the day.
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Comparisons of isomaltulose, sucrose, and mixture of glucose and fructose ingestions on postexercise hydration state in young men. Eur J Nutr 2021; 60:4519-4529. [PMID: 34129073 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-021-02614-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Isomaltulose is a low glycemic and insulinaemic carbohydrate available as a constituent in sports drink. However, it remains unclear whether postexercise rehydration achieved by isomaltulose drink ingestion alone differs as compared to other carbohydrates. METHODS Thirteen young men performed intermittent exercise in the heat (35 °C and relative humidity 40%) to induce a state of hypohydration as defined by a 2% loss in body mass. Thereafter, participants were rehydrated by ingesting drinks equal to the volume of body mass loss with either a mixture of 3.25% glucose and 3.25% fructose, 6.5% sucrose (SUC), or 6.5% isomaltulose (ISO) within the first 30 min of a 3-h recovery. The change in plasma volume (ΔPV) from pre-exercise baseline, blood glucose, and plasma insulin concentration were assessed every 30-min. RESULTS ΔPV was lower in ISO as compared to SUC until 90 min of the recovery (all P ≤ 0.038) with no difference thereafter (all P ≥ 0.391). The ΔPV were paralleled by concomitant changes in blood glucose levels that were greater in ISO as compared to other drinks after 90 min of the recovery (all P ≤ 0.035). Plasma insulin secretion, which potentially enhances renal sodium reabsorption and fluid retention, did not differ between the trials (interaction, P = 0.653). ISO induced a greater net fluid volume retention as compared to SUC (P = 0.010). CONCLUSION We showed that rehydration with an isomaltulose drink following exercise-heat stress induces comparable recovery of PV and a greater net fluid retention as compared to other drinks, albeit this response is delayed. The delayed water transport along with glucose absorption may modulate this response. This trial was registered in 25th Sep 2019 at https://www.umin.ac.jp/ as UMIN000038099. (249/250).
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Notbohm HL, Feuerbacher JF, Papendorf F, Friese N, Jacobs MW, Predel HG, Zacher J, Bloch W, Schumann M. Metabolic, hormonal and performance effects of isomaltulose ingestion before prolonged aerobic exercise: a double-blind, randomised, cross-over trial. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2021; 18:38. [PMID: 34001166 PMCID: PMC8130436 DOI: 10.1186/s12970-021-00439-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Isomaltulose has been discussed as a low glycaemic carbohydrate but evidence concerning performance benefits and physiological responses has produced varying results. Therefore, we primarily aimed to investigate the effects of isomaltulose ingestion compared to glucose and maltodextrin on fat and carbohydrate oxidation rates, blood glucose levels and serum hormone concentrations of insulin and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP). As secondary aims, we assessed running performance and gastrointestinal discomfort. METHODS Twenty-one male recreational endurance runners performed a 70-min constant load trial at 70% maximal running speed (Vmax), followed by a time to exhaustion (TTE) test at 85% Vmax after ingesting either 50 g isomaltulose, maltodextrin or glucose. Fat and carbohydrate oxidation rates were calculated from spiroergometric data. Venous blood samples for measurement of GIP and insulin were drawn before, after the constant load trial and after the TTE. Capillary blood samples for glucose concentrations and subjective feeling of gastrointestinal discomfort were collected every 10 min during the constant load trial. RESULTS No between-condition differences were observed in the area under the curve analysis of fat (p = 0.576) and carbohydrate oxidation rates (p = 0.887). Isomaltulose ingestion led to lower baseline postprandial concentrations of blood glucose compared to maltodextrin (percent change [95% confidence interval], - 16.7% [- 21.8,-11.6], p < 0.001) and glucose (- 11.5% [- 17.3,-5.7], p = 0.001). Similarly, insulin and GIP concentrations were also lower following isomaltulose ingestion compared to maltodextrin (- 40.3% [- 50.5,-30.0], p = 0.001 and - 69.1% [- 74.3,-63.8], p < 0.001, respectively) and glucose (- 32.6% [- 43.9,-21.2], p = 0.012 and - 55.8% [- 70.7,-40.9], p < 0.001, respectively). Furthermore, glucose fluctuation was lower after isomaltulose ingestion compared to maltodextrin (- 26.0% [- 34.2,-17.8], p < 0.001) and glucose (- 17.4% [- 29.1,-5.6], p < 0.001). However, during and after exercise, no between-condition differences for glucose (p = 0.872), insulin (p = 0.503) and GIP (p = 0.244) were observed. No between-condition differences were found for TTE (p = 0.876) or gastrointestinal discomfort (p = 0.119). CONCLUSION Isomaltulose ingestion led to lower baseline postprandial concentrations of glucose, insulin and GIP compared to maltodextrin and glucose. Consequently, blood glucose fluctuations were lower during treadmill running after isomaltulose ingestion, while no between-condition differences were observed for CHO and fat oxidation rates, treadmill running performance and gastrointestinal discomfort. Further research is required to provide specific guidelines on supplementing isomaltulose in performance and health settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah L Notbohm
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933, Cologne, Germany
| | - Joshua F Feuerbacher
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933, Cologne, Germany
| | - Finn Papendorf
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933, Cologne, Germany
| | - Nils Friese
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933, Cologne, Germany
| | - Mats W Jacobs
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933, Cologne, Germany
| | - Hans-Georg Predel
- Department of Preventative and Rehabilitative Sports and Performance Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jonas Zacher
- Department of Preventative and Rehabilitative Sports and Performance Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Wilhelm Bloch
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933, Cologne, Germany
| | - Moritz Schumann
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933, Cologne, Germany.
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Su HH, Xu RY, Yang ZD, Guo YS, Gao JY, Mo LZ, Gao YF, Cheng H, Zhang PJ, Huang JS. Green synthesis of isomaltulose from cane molasses by an immobilized recombinant Escherichia coli strain and its prebiotic activity. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.111054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Castelló ML, Echevarrías A, Rubio-Arraez S, Ortolá MD. How isomaltulose and oligofructose affect physicochemical and sensory properties of muffins? J Texture Stud 2021; 52:410-419. [PMID: 33866553 DOI: 10.1111/jtxs.12602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This article analyses, the replacement of sucrose in muffins with nine different combinations of isomaltulose and oligofructose. Being a structural isomer of sucrose with approx. 50% of sucrose sweetness, isomaltulose is non-cariogenic and with a low glycemic profile but having the same calories as sucrose. Oligofructose is composed of fructose polymers, with a reduced caloric value and prebiotic effect. Specifically, height, percentage of alveoli, water content, Aw , mechanical, and optical properties have been measured along with a sensory evaluation. The results showed that all combinations of sweeteners gave place to softer muffins than control ones. Moreover, isomaltulose caused a darkening of the products likely due to an enhancement of the Maillard reactions. The highest amount of isomaltulose and the absence of sucrose meant the worst score in sweetness and flavor due to the low sweetening powder of isomaltulose.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Luisa Castelló
- Institute of Food Engineering for Development, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Andrea Echevarrías
- Institute of Food Engineering for Development, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Susana Rubio-Arraez
- Institute of Food Engineering for Development, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - María Dolores Ortolá
- Institute of Food Engineering for Development, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
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Sokołowska E, Sadowska A, Sawicka D, Kotulska-Bąblińska I, Car H. A head-to-head comparison review of biological and toxicological studies of isomaltulose, d-tagatose, and trehalose on glycemic control. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:5679-5704. [PMID: 33715524 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1895057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is the most common metabolic disorder contributing to significant morbidity and mortality in humans. Different preventive and therapeutic agents, as well as various pharmacological strategies or non-pharmacological tools, improve the glycemic profile of diabetic patients. Isomaltulose, d-tagatose, and trehalose are naturally occurring, low glycemic sugars that are not synthesized by humans but widely used in food industries. Various studies have shown that these carbohydrates can regulate glucose metabolism and provide support in maintaining glucose homeostasis in patients with diabetes, but also can improve insulin response, subsequently leading to better control of hyperglycemia. In this review, we discussed the anti-hyperglycemic effects of isomaltulose, D-tagatose, and trehalose, comparing their properties with other known sweeteners, and highlighting their importance for the development of the pharmaceutical and food industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Sokołowska
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Anna Sadowska
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Diana Sawicka
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | | | - Halina Car
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
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Liu G, Zhang Y, Gong H, Li S, Pan Y, Davis C, Jing HC, Wu L, Godwin ID. Stem vacuole-targetted sucrose isomerase enhances sugar content in sorghum. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2021; 14:53. [PMID: 33648580 PMCID: PMC7923521 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-021-01907-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sugar content is critically important in determining sugar crop productivity. However, improvement in sugar content has been stagnant among sugar crops for decades. Sorghum, especially sweet sorghum with high biomass, shown great potential for biofuel, has lower sugar content than sugarcane. To enhance sugar content, the sucrose isomerase (SI) gene, driven by stem-specific promoters (A2 or LSG) with a vacuole-targetted signal peptide, was transformed into the sorghum inbred line (T×430). RESULTS The study demonstrated that transgenic lines of grain sorghum, containing 50-60% isomaltulose, accumulated up to eightfold (1000 mM) more total sugar than the control T×430 did (118 mM) in stalks of T0 generation. Subsequently, the elite engineered lines (A5, and LSG9) were crossed with sweet sorghum (Rio, and R9188). Total sugar contents (over 750 mM), were notably higher in F1, and F2 progenies than the control Rio (480 mM). The sugar contents of the engineered lines (over 750 mM), including T0, T1, F1, and F2, are surprisingly higher than that of the field-grown sugarcane (normal range 600-700 mmol/L). Additionally, analysis of physiological characterization demonstrated that the superior progenies had notably higher rates of photosynthesis, sucrose transportation, and sink strength than the controls. CONCLUSIONS The genetic engineering approach has dramatically enhanced total sugar content in grain sorghum (T0, and T1) and hybrid sorghum (F1, and F2), demonstrating that sorghum can accumulate as high or higher sugar content than sugarcane. This research illustrates that the SI gene has enormous potential on improvement of sugar content in sorghum, particularly in hybirds and sweet sorghum. The substantial increase on sugar content would lead to significant financial benefits for industrial utilization. This study could have a substantial impact on renewable bioenergy. More importantly, our results demonstrated that the phenotype of high sugar content is inheritable and shed light on improvement for other sugar crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoquan Liu
- Centre for Crop Science, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Yan Zhang
- Centre for Crop Science, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Queensland, Australia
| | - Hao Gong
- Centre for Crop Science, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Queensland, Australia
| | - Shan Li
- Centre for Crop Science, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Queensland, Australia
| | - Yunrong Pan
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Queensland, Australia
| | - Christopher Davis
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Queensland, Australia
| | - Hai-Chun Jing
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Luguang Wu
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ian D Godwin
- Centre for Crop Science, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Queensland, Australia
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The 4R's Framework of Nutritional Strategies for Post-Exercise Recovery: A Review with Emphasis on New Generation of Carbohydrates. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 18:ijerph18010103. [PMID: 33375691 PMCID: PMC7796021 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18010103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Post-exercise recovery is a broad term that refers to the restoration of training capacity. After training or competition, there is fatigue accumulation and a reduction in sports performance. In the hours and days following training, the body recovers and performance is expected to return to normal or improve. ScienceDirect, PubMed/MEDLINE, and Google Scholar databases were reviewed to identify studies and position declarations examining the relationship between nutrition and sports recovery. As an evidence-based framework, a 4R’s approach to optimizing post-exercise recovery was identified: (i) Rehydration—a fundamental process that will depend on the athlete, environment and sports event; (ii) Refuel—the consumption of carbohydrates is not only important to replenish the glycogen reserves but also to contribute to the energy requirements for the immune system and tissue reparation. Several bioengineered carbohydrates were discussed but further research is needed; (iii) Repair—post-exercise ingestion of high-quality protein and creatine monohydrate benefit the tissue growth and repair; and (iv) Rest—pre-sleep nutrition has a restorative effect that facilitates the recovery of the musculoskeletal, endocrine, immune, and nervous systems. Nutritional consultancy based on the 4R’s is important for the wise stewardship of the hydration, feeding, and supplementation strategies to achieve a timely recovery.
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Sharma R, Martins N, Chaudhary A, Garg N, Sharma V, Kuca K, Nepovimova E, Tuli HS, Bishayee A, Chaudhary A, Prajapati PK. Adjunct use of honey in diabetes mellitus: A consensus or conundrum? Trends Food Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2020.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Abstract
Probiotics and prebiotics are microbiota-management instruments for improving human health once they may be beneficial for maintaining a healthy community of gut microbiota and bowel function. Probiotic’s main target is the gut, via the gastrointestinal tract, although direct application to other body zones such as the vaginal tract, the oral cavity, and skin have been studied. The major source of probiotics is fermented dairy products, however, currently, there is a need for novel and non-dairy probiotics, due to the increasing number of lactose-intolerant persons in the world population, tied with the adverse effect of cholesterol contained in fermented dairy foods as well as the increasing number of strict vegetarians. In this review, we describe gut-derived effects in humans of possible microorganisms isolated from wine, such as Saccharomyces and non-Saccharomyces yeasts and bacteria, and other non-dairy fermented beverages. Those microorganisms can be grown and consumed as recommended probiotics, moreover, wine, and other beverages may also be a source of prebiotics such as polyphenols.
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Liu L, Bilal M, Luo H, Zhao Y, Duan X. Studies on Biological Production of Isomaltulose Using Sucrose Isomerase: Current Status and Future Perspectives. Catal Letters 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-020-03439-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Optimization of Osmotic Dehydration of Tomatoes in Solutions of Non-Conventional Sweeteners by Response Surface Methodology and Desirability Approach. Foods 2020; 9:foods9101393. [PMID: 33019673 PMCID: PMC7599634 DOI: 10.3390/foods9101393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The osmotic dehydration (OD) of tomatoes in solutions of alternative sweeteners was investigated using Response Surface Methodology (RSM), while selected desirability functions were implemented in order to define the optimum process parameters (temperature/duration of osmotic treatment, osmotic solution composition and concentration). Mass exchange, color and texture were measured during the process. Changes in color occurred rapidly at the beginning of the process, while firmness was significantly increased, indicating that OD processing led to tomato texture improvement. Color and firmness changes were adequately modeled using a polynomial model. RSM coupled with desirability functions was applied to optimize OD procedure in terms of color retention and maximum solid gain, a requirement for candied products. A maximum desirability was obtained by incorporating oligofructose into the osmotic solution, at relatively short treatment times. Results were validated and sensory analysis was conducted at the optimized conditions to assess samples’ organoleptic acceptance.
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Cognitive performance, mood and satiety following ingestion of beverages imparting different glycaemic responses: a randomised double-blind crossover trial. Eur J Clin Nutr 2020; 75:602-610. [PMID: 32943769 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-020-00749-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE The relationship between postprandial glycaemic responses and cognitive performance, mood and satiety are inconsistent. The objective of this study is to compare the effects of different glycaemic responses, induced by beverages with different glycaemic index (GI) (sucrose and isomaltulose), and a non-glycaemic control (sucralose), on cognition, mood and satiety. SUBJECTS/METHODS In this double-blinded, randomised crossover trial, healthy adults (n = 55) received sucrose (GI 65), isomaltulose (GI 32) and sucralose (non-caloric negative control) drinks on separate occasions. The Complex Figure test, the Word Recall test, Trail Making Test Part B and the Stroop test were administered 60 min after beverages ingestion. Mood and satiety were tested along with cognitive performance. RESULTS Comparing between isomaltulose and sucrose, there were no significant differences in the mean (95% CI) for the following: Complex Figure: immediate recall -0.6 (-1.7, 0.5), delayed recall -0.8 (-1.9, 0.3); Word recall: immediate recall 0.2 (-0.7, 1.1), delayed recall 0.5 (-0.4, 1.4); Trail Making: completing time -2.4 (-7.5, 2.7) s; Stroop: time used for correct congruent responses -9 (-31, 14) ms and correct incongruent responses -18 (-42, 6) ms. No differences among beverages were found in the mood and satiety scores with exception that participants felt more energetic 60 min after isomaltulose ingestion (p = 0.028 for difference with sucrose) and hungrier 30 min after isomaltulose ingestion (p = 0.036 for difference with sucrose; p = 0.022 for difference with sucralose). CONCLUSION Under these study conditions there is no convincing evidence for an effect of glycaemic response on cognitive performance, mood or satiety.
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Crha T, Pazourek J. Rapid HPLC Method for Determination of Isomaltulose in the Presence of Glucose, Sucrose, and Maltodextrins in Dietary Supplements. Foods 2020; 9:foods9091164. [PMID: 32846904 PMCID: PMC7555359 DOI: 10.3390/foods9091164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper presents a rapid HPLC method for the separation of isomaltulose (also known as Palatinose) from other common edible carbohydrates such as sucrose, glucose, and maltodextrins, which are commonly present in food and dietary supplements. This method was applied to determine isomaltulose in selected food supplements for special diets and athletic performance. Due to the selectivity of the separation system, this method can also be used for rapid profiling analysis of mono-, di-, and oligosaccharides in food.
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Brouns F. Saccharide Characteristics and Their Potential Health Effects in Perspective. Front Nutr 2020; 7:75. [PMID: 32733909 PMCID: PMC7357269 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.00075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
To understand the effects of saccharides on our metabolism and health, we need a clear understanding of what they are, how they differ, and why some types are deemed "less healthy" and others "better for health." There are various ways to look at this topic. Firstly, saccharides can be classified according to their degree of polymerization (DP). This classification is useful when qualitative or quantitative analysis and calculation of intakes are required or for food-labeling definitions. However, it does not account for the fact that saccharides with a similar DP can differ in molecular composition, which will influence digestion, absorption, and metabolism. Secondly, another approach widely used in the biomedical and nutritional sciences is therefore a physiological classification, which addresses the rate and degree of digestibility and absorption, the glycemic response, and the metabolic fate. The individual health status also plays a role in this respect. An active, lean person will have a metabolic response that differs from an inactive person with overweight and insulin resistance. However, this approach will not give a complete answer either because the characteristics of the matrix/meal in which these carbohydrates (CHOs) are present will also influence the responses of our body. Thirdly, one can also rank CHOs by comparing their functional/technological properties, such as relative sweetness, viscosity, and solubility. Understanding CHO characteristics and related physiological responses will help understand health and disease implications. Therefore, a brief outline of different carbohydrate classifications is presented. This outline will be placed in the context of potential overall effects after consumption. The answer to the question whether we should we eat less of certain sugars depends on the angle from which you look at this matter; for example, do you address this question from a single molecular characteristic point of view or from a meal quality perspective? Looking at one particular CHO characteristic will almost always lead to a different conclusion (e.g., the labeling of fructose as toxic) than evaluating from a "total perspective" (fructose has adverse effects in certain conditions). Examples are given to help understand this matter for the benefit of justified dietary/food-based recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fred Brouns
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
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Sakazaki M, Miyasaka K, Nagai Y. The Effect of Palatinose on Inhibiting Postprandial Hyperglycemia: A Qualitative Systematic Review. J JPN SOC FOOD SCI 2020. [DOI: 10.3136/nskkk.67.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miki Sakazaki
- Research Section, Research & Development Division, Mitsui Sugar Co., Ltd
| | - Kiyoaki Miyasaka
- Research Section, Research & Development Division, Mitsui Sugar Co., Ltd
| | - Yukie Nagai
- Research Section, Research & Development Division, Mitsui Sugar Co., Ltd
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Ng SW, Selvarajah GT, Cheah YK, Mustaffa Kamal F, Omar AR. Cellular Metabolic Profiling of CrFK Cells Infected with Feline Infectious Peritonitis Virus Using Phenotype Microarrays. Pathogens 2020; 9:E412. [PMID: 32466289 PMCID: PMC7281222 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9050412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is a fatal feline immune-mediated disease caused by feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV). Little is known about the biological pathways associated in FIP pathogenesis. This is the first study aiming to determine the phenotypic characteristics on the cellular level in relation to specific metabolic pathways of importance to FIP pathogenesis. METHODS The internalization of type II FIPV WSU 79-1146 in Crandell-Rees Feline Kidney (CrFK) cells was visualized using a fluorescence microscope, and optimization prior to phenotype microarray (PM) study was performed. Then, four types of Biolog Phenotype MicroArray™ plates (PM-M1 to PM-M4) precoated with different carbon and nitrogen sources were used to determine the metabolic profiles in FIPV-infected cells. RESULTS The utilization of palatinose was significantly low in FIPV-infected cells; however, there were significant increases in utilizing melibionic acid, L-glutamine, L-glutamic acid and alanyl-glutamine (Ala-Gln) compared to non-infected cells. CONCLUSION This study has provided the first insights into the metabolic profiling of a feline coronavirus infection in vitro using PMs and deduced that glutamine metabolism is one of the essential metabolic pathways for FIPV infection and replication. Further studies are necessary to develop strategies to target the glutamine metabolic pathway in FIPV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shing Wei Ng
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia;
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia
| | - Gayathri Thevi Selvarajah
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia;
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia
| | - Yoke Kqueen Cheah
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia;
| | - Farina Mustaffa Kamal
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia; (F.M.K.); (A.R.O.)
| | - Abdul Rahman Omar
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia; (F.M.K.); (A.R.O.)
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia
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Antunes MM, Fernandes A, Ribeiro MF, Lin Z, Valente AA. Modified Versions of AM‐4 for the Aqueous Phase Isomerization of Aldo‐Saccharides. Eur J Inorg Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202000038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Margarida M. Antunes
- Department of Chemistry CICECO – Aveiro Institute of Materials University of Aveiro Campus Santiago 3810‐193 Aveiro Portugal
| | - Auguste Fernandes
- Centro de Química Estrutural Instituto Superior Técnico Universidade de Lisboa Av. Rovisco Pais 1049‐001 Lisboa Portugal
| | - M. Filipa Ribeiro
- Centro de Química Estrutural Instituto Superior Técnico Universidade de Lisboa Av. Rovisco Pais 1049‐001 Lisboa Portugal
| | - Zhi Lin
- Department of Chemistry CICECO – Aveiro Institute of Materials University of Aveiro Campus Santiago 3810‐193 Aveiro Portugal
| | - Anabela A. Valente
- Department of Chemistry CICECO – Aveiro Institute of Materials University of Aveiro Campus Santiago 3810‐193 Aveiro Portugal
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Jang J, Jo K, Hong KB, Jung EY. Animal and Clinical Studies Evaluating Blood Glucose Control With Palatinose-Based Alternative Sweeteners. Front Nutr 2020; 7:52. [PMID: 32411718 PMCID: PMC7199504 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.00052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal and clinical studies were performed to determine whether Palatinose-based alternative sweeteners with increased sweetness contributed to blood glucose elevations. In the animal study, male Sprague-Dawley rats (6 weeks old) received an oral load of 2 g of glucose or Palatinose-based alternative sweeteners per kilogram of body weight. Thirty minutes after the glucose load, the rat blood glucose levels in the Palatinose-based alternative sweetener groups were significantly lower than those in the glucose groups (p < 0.05). Palatinose-based alternative sweeteners significantly improved glucose tolerance in rats. However, significant differences in the blood glucose levels were not observed among the Palatinose-based alternative sweeteners. In the clinical study, 14 healthy volunteers (21.4 ± 1.3 years) consumed glucose or Palatinose-based alternative sweeteners (50 g). At 60 min, when Palatinose-based alternative sweeteners were ingested, blood glucose was significantly lower compared to when glucose was ingested (Palatinose-L, 123.1 mg/dL; Palatinose-IS, 125.9 mg/dL; Palatinose-FOS. 129.1 mg/dL vs. glucose, 154.8 mg/dL, p < 0.05). The glycaemic index of Palatinose-L, Palatinose-IS and Palatinose-FOS was 43.9, 58.1, and 49.2, respectively. Palatinose-based alternative sweeteners could help maintain health as the postprandial blood glucose levels are constantly maintained owing to slow hydrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaehyi Jang
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Sciences, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyungae Jo
- BK21 Plus, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ki-Bae Hong
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Dongduk Women's University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eun Young Jung
- Department of Home Economic Education, Jeonju University, Jeonju, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Eun Young Jung
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Pilak P, Schiefner A, Seiboth J, Oehrlein J, Skerra A. Engineering a Highly Active Sucrose Isomerase for Enhanced Product Specificity by Using a "Battleship" Strategy. Chembiochem 2020; 21:2161-2169. [PMID: 32181549 PMCID: PMC7496859 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202000007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The sucrose isomerase SmuA from Serratia plymuthica efficiently catalyses the isomerisation of sucrose into isomaltulose, an artificial sweetener used in the food industry. However, the formation of a hygroscopic by‐product, trehalulose, necessitates additional separation to obtain a crystalline product. Therefore, we have improved the product specificity of SmuA by first introducing a few exploratory amino acid exchanges around the active site and investigating their influence. Then, we devised a second set of mutations, either at promising positions from the preceding cycle, but with a different side chain, or at alternative positions in the vicinity. After seven iterative cycles involving just 55 point mutations, we obtained the triple mutant Y219L/D398G/V465E which showed 2.3 times less trehalulose production but still had high catalytic efficiency (kcat/KM=11.8 mM−1 s−1). Not only does this mutant SmuA appear attractive as an industrial biocatalyst, but our semirational protein‐engineering strategy, which resembles the battleship board game, should be of interest for other challenging enzyme optimization endeavours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Pilak
- Lehrstuhl für Biologische Chemie, Technische Universität München, Emil-Erlenmeyer-Forum 5, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - André Schiefner
- Lehrstuhl für Biologische Chemie, Technische Universität München, Emil-Erlenmeyer-Forum 5, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Judith Seiboth
- Lehrstuhl für Biologische Chemie, Technische Universität München, Emil-Erlenmeyer-Forum 5, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | | | - Arne Skerra
- Lehrstuhl für Biologische Chemie, Technische Universität München, Emil-Erlenmeyer-Forum 5, 85354, Freising, Germany
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Lee SJ, Yu WK, Park HR, Kim H, Kim JH, Park J, Shin KS. Improved effect of palatinose syrup bioconverted from sucrose on hyperglycemia and regulation of hepatic lipogenesis in male C57BL/6J mice. J Food Biochem 2020; 44:e13201. [PMID: 32391610 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we prepared palatinose-sucrose (PS) mixtures from sucrose by enzymatic bioconversion to improve the low sweetness of palatinose and to develop sweeteners that can lower blood sugar levels. We hypothesized that PS mixtures containing 30% or 50% palatinose might demonstrate improvement of hyperglycemia. The physiological changes in C57BL/6J mice fed with these concentrations of PS mixture were recorded. After feeding the mice the different diets for 5 weeks, the diet with a higher palatinose content was observed to have resulted in lower serum glucose levels. The expression levels of various genes and proteins related to hepatic lipogenesis and cholesterol homeostasis were measured. The diet containing the 50% PS mixture induced lower expression of HMGCR, CYP7A1, and PPARγ as compared to the diet containing the 30% PS mixture. In conclusion, the ingestion of palatinose resulted in lower lipid levels compared to that of sucrose; therefore, palatinose would be a good alternative to sucrose as a healthy sweetener. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Palatinose (isomaltulose), along with tagatose, allulose, and allose, is a well-known sugar substitute. Many studies have reported that palatinose has various beneficial effects on postprandial glucose metabolism, such as glycemic index, fat accumulation, hyperglycemia, and hyperinsulinemia. Although there are many advantages, including desirable biological functions, palatinose has limitations as a complete alternative for sucrose because of higher production costs, lower solubility, and lower sweetness. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the possibility of developing a sucrose substitute by preparing PS mixtures bioconverted using α-glucosyltransferase from sucrose and to promote the industrial application of palatinose. Our results suggest that 50% palatinose syrup may be a new candidate as a sugar substitute for industrial application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sue Jung Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyonggi University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Kyu Yu
- Yonsei University Dairy R&D Center, Asan, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Ryung Park
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyonggi University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoon Kim
- Skin-Biotechnology Center, Kyunghee University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Jiyong Park
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Soon Shin
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyonggi University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
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Keyhani-Nejad F, Barbosa Yanez RL, Kemper M, Schueler R, Pivovarova-Ramich O, Rudovich N, Pfeiffer AFH. Endogenously released GIP reduces and GLP-1 increases hepatic insulin extraction. Peptides 2020; 125:170231. [PMID: 31870938 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2019.170231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
GIP was proposed to play a key role in the development of non- alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in response to sugar intake. Isomaltulose, is a 1,6-linked glucose-fructose dimer which improves glucose homeostasis and prevents NAFLD compared to 1,2-linked sucrose by reducing glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP) in mice. We compared effects of sucrose vs. isomaltulose on GIP and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) secretion, hepatic insulin clearance (HIC) and insulin sensitivity in normal (NGT), impaired glucose tolerant (IGT) and Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) participants. A randomized crossover study was performed in 15 NGT, 10 IGT and 10 T2DM subjects. In comparison to sucrose, peak glucose concentrations were reduced by 2.3, 2.1 and 2.5 mmol/l (all p < 0.05) and insulin levels were 88% (p < 0.01, NGT), 32% (p < 0.05, IGT) and 55% (T2DM) lower after the isomaltulose load. Postprandial GIPiAUC concentrations were decreased (56%, p < 0.01 in NGT; 42%, p < 0.05 in IGT and 40%,p < 0.001 in T2DM) whereas GLP-1iAUC was 77%, 85% and 85% higher compared to sucrose (p < 0.01), respectively. This resulted in ∼35 - 50% improved insulin sensitivity and reduced insulinogenic index after isomaltulose, which correlated closely with improved HIC, respectively (r = 0.62, r=-0.70; p < 0.001). HIC was inversely related to GIP (r=-0.44, p < 0.001) and positively related to GLP-1 levels (r = 0.40, p = 0.001). CONCLUSION: Endogenously released GIP correlated with reduced, and GLP-1 with increased hepatic insulin extraction. Increased peripheral insulin levels may contribute to insulin resistance and obesity. We propose that the unfavorable effects of high glycemic index Western diets are related to increased GIP-release and reduced HIC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farnaz Keyhani-Nejad
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Nuthetal, Germany; Department for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Charité - University of Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Renate Luisa Barbosa Yanez
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Nuthetal, Germany; Department for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Charité - University of Medicine, Berlin, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Potsdam, Berlin, Germany
| | - Margrit Kemper
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Nuthetal, Germany; Department for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Charité - University of Medicine, Berlin, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Potsdam, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rita Schueler
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Olga Pivovarova-Ramich
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Nuthetal, Germany; Department for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Charité - University of Medicine, Berlin, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Potsdam, Berlin, Germany; Reseach Group Molecular Nutritional Medicine, Dept. of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Natalia Rudovich
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Nuthetal, Germany; Department for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Charité - University of Medicine, Berlin, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Potsdam, Berlin, Germany; Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Spital Bülach, 8180, Bülach, Switzerland
| | - Andreas F H Pfeiffer
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Nuthetal, Germany; Department for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Charité - University of Medicine, Berlin, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Potsdam, Berlin, Germany.
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Song JY, Kim YM, Lee BH, Yoo SH. Increasing the dietary fiber contents in isomaltooligosaccharides by dextransucrase reaction with sucrose as a glucosyl donor. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 230:115607. [PMID: 31887903 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Isomaltooligosaccharides (IMOs) have been widely used as alternative sweeteners owing to their stabilities, low calorigenic, and prebiotic properties. The aim of this research was to improve the functionality of conventionally produced IMOs by increasing dietary fiber (DF) content with newly synthesized α-(1,6)-linkages through the dextransucrase reaction. To optimize the reaction conditions, various combinations of IMO and sucrose concentrations were applied as acceptor and donor molecules, respectively. Soluble DF content in the enzymatically-modified IMOs increased significantly with the initial substrate mixture of 10 % sucrose and 20 % IMOs; both DF and IMO contents increased to 35 % and 54 %, respectively. It was clearly suggested a simple dextransucrase-involved bioprocess could be applied to increase the DF content to the IMOs produced via a conventional process without scarifying the original IMO contents. Thus, it will be expected that the DF-enhanced IMO products are potentially applicable as functional ingredients as sugar substitutes in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Young Song
- Department of Food Science & Biotechnology, and Carbohydrate Bioproduct Research Center, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Min Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Hoo Lee
- Department of Food Science & Biotechnology, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sang-Ho Yoo
- Department of Food Science & Biotechnology, and Carbohydrate Bioproduct Research Center, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea.
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Efficacy of Isomaltulose Compared to Sucrose in Modulating Endothelial Function in Overweight Adults. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12010141. [PMID: 31947853 PMCID: PMC7019610 DOI: 10.3390/nu12010141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperglycemia is linked to impaired arterial endothelial function (EF), an early sign of cardiovascular disease. We compared the efficacy of low-glycemic index isomaltulose (Palatinose™) with that of sucrose in modulating EF, as assessed by flow-mediated dilation (FMD). In this double-blinded cross-over study, 80 overweight mildly hypertensive subjects were randomized to receive 50 g of either isomaltulose or sucrose. On two non-consecutive days, brachial artery ultrasound FMD scans were obtained prior to and hourly (T0-T3) after carbohydrate load. Blood was drawn immediately after scanning. Glucose and insulin levels were analyzed. Overall, the FMD decrease was attenuated by isomaltulose compared to sucrose (ΔFMD = -0.003% and -0.151%; p > 0.05 for the interaction treatment x period). At T2, FMD was significantly higher after isomaltulose administration compared to that after sucrose administration (FMD = 5.9 ± 2.9% and 5.4 ± 2.6%, p = 0.047). Pearson correlations between FMD and blood glucose showed a trend for a negative association at T0 and T2 independently of the carbohydrate (r-range = -0.20 to -0.23, p < 0.1). Sub-analysis suggested a lower FMD in insulin-resistant (IR) compared to insulin-sensitive subjects. Isomaltulose attenuated the postprandial decline of FMD, particularly in IR persons. These data support the potential of isomaltulose to preserve the endothelial function postprandially and consequently play a favorable role in cardiovascular health.
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Peris M, Rubio-Arraez S, Castelló ML, Ortolá MD. From the Laboratory to the Kitchen: New Alternatives to Healthier Bakery Products. Foods 2019; 8:foods8120660. [PMID: 31835412 PMCID: PMC6963723 DOI: 10.3390/foods8120660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the growing interest in improving the nutritional profile of bakery products, we have dealt with the most recent and relevant contributions regarding potential replacements for carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. Focusing on the influence of carbohydrates on metabolism, their excess implies obesity, diabetes and tooth decay. However, they are technologically important, since they are responsible for the structure of many bakery products. Regarding of the lipid profile, saturated fats have a great impact on the appearance of cardiovascular disease. Fortunately, nature and the food industry offer alternatives to traditional oils/butters with large amounts of omega 3 and other components that can mitigate these problems. Other relevant aspects are related to allergies concerning egg proteins, gluten or even requirements for vegan consumers. Several studies have been performed in this line, replacing eggs with milk serum, different mucilages obtained from legumes or some gums, etc. In conclusion, many papers have been published showing the possibility of successfully replacing (both at technological and sensory levels) less healthy ingredients with others that are nutritionally better. The challenge now is to combine these better components in a given product, as well as to evaluate possible interactions among them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Peris
- Department of Chemistry, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera, s/n. 46022 Valencia, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Susana Rubio-Arraez
- Institute of Food Engineering for Development, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera, s/n. 46022 Valencia, Spain; (S.R.-A.); (M.L.C.); (M.D.O.)
| | - María Luisa Castelló
- Institute of Food Engineering for Development, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera, s/n. 46022 Valencia, Spain; (S.R.-A.); (M.L.C.); (M.D.O.)
| | - María Dolores Ortolá
- Institute of Food Engineering for Development, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera, s/n. 46022 Valencia, Spain; (S.R.-A.); (M.L.C.); (M.D.O.)
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