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Li Y, Liu Z, Chen J, Wang R, An X, Tian C, Yang H, Zha D. Schisandrin B protect inner hair cells from cisplatin by inhibiting celluar oxidative stress and apoptosis. Toxicol In Vitro 2024; 99:105852. [PMID: 38789064 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2024.105852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Cisplatin is an effective chemotherapeutic agent; however, ototoxicity is one of its negative effects that greatly limits the use of cisplatin in clinical settings. Previous research has shown that the most important process cisplatin damage to inner ear cells, such as hair cells (HCs), is the excessive production and accumulation of ROS. Schisandrin B (SchB), is a low-toxicity, inexpensive, naturally occurring antioxidant with a variety of pharmacological effects. Therefore, the potential antioxidant effects of SchB may be useful for cisplatin ototoxicity treatment. In this study, the effects of SchB on cochlear hair cell viability, ROS levels, and expression of apoptosis-related molecules were evaluated by CCK-8, immunofluorescence, flow cytometry, and qRT-PCR, as well as auditory brainstem response (ABR) and dysmorphic product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE) tests to assess the effects on inner ear function. The results showed that SchB treatment increased cell survival, prevented apoptosis, and reduced cisplatin-induced ROS formation. SchB treatment reduced the loss of cochlear HCs caused by cisplatin in exosome culture. In addition, SchB treatment attenuated cisplatin-induced hearing loss and HC loss in mice. This study demonstrates the ability of SchB to inhibit cochlear hair cell apoptosis and ROS generation and shows its potential therapeutic effect on cisplatin ototoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Li
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710000, China
| | - Zhenzhen Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710000, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710000, China
| | - Renfeng Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710000, China
| | - Xiaogang An
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710000, China
| | - Chaoyong Tian
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710000, China
| | - Han Yang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710000, China
| | - Dingjun Zha
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710000, China.
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Faraji P, Borchert A, Ahmadian S, Kuhn H. Butylated Hydroxytoluene (BHT) Protects SH-SY5Y Neuroblastoma Cells from Ferroptotic Cell Death: Insights from In Vitro and In Vivo Studies. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:242. [PMID: 38397840 PMCID: PMC10886092 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13020242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a special kind of programmed cell death that has been implicated in the pathogenesis of a large number of human diseases. It involves dysregulated intracellular iron metabolism and uncontrolled lipid peroxidation, which together initiate intracellular ferroptotic signalling pathways leading to cellular suicide. Pharmacological interference with ferroptotic signal transduction may prevent cell death, and thus patients suffering from ferroptosis-related diseases may benefit from such treatment. Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) is an effective anti-oxidant that is frequently used in oil chemistry and in cosmetics to prevent free-radical-mediated lipid peroxidation. Since it functions as a radical scavenger, it has previously been reported to interfere with ferroptotic signalling. Here, we show that BHT prevents RSL3- and ML162-induced ferroptotic cell death in cultured human neuroblastoma cells (SH-SY5Y) in a dose-dependent manner. It prevents the RSL3-induced oxidation of membrane lipids and normalises the RSL3-induced inhibition of the intracellular catalytic activity of glutathione peroxidase 4. The systemic application of BHT in a rat Alzheimer's disease model prevented the upregulation of the expression of ferroptosis-related genes. Taken together, these data indicate that BHT interferes with ferroptotic signalling in cultured neuroblastoma cells and may prevent ferroptotic cell death in an animal Alzheimer's disease model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Faraji
- Department of Biochemistry, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (P.F.); (A.B.)
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran 1417614335, Iran
| | - Astrid Borchert
- Department of Biochemistry, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (P.F.); (A.B.)
| | - Shahin Ahmadian
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran 1417614335, Iran
| | - Hartmut Kuhn
- Department of Biochemistry, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (P.F.); (A.B.)
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3
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Bai Y, Qiao Y, Li M, Yang W, Chen H, Wu Y, Zhang H. RIPK1 inhibitors: A key to unlocking the potential of necroptosis in drug development. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 265:116123. [PMID: 38199165 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Within the field of medical science, there is a great deal of interest in investigating cell death pathways in the hopes of discovering new drugs. Over the past two decades, pharmacological research has focused on necroptosis, a cell death process that has just been discovered. Receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1), an essential regulator in the cell death receptor signalling pathway, has been shown to be involved in the regulation of important events, including necrosis, inflammation, and apoptosis. Therefore, researching necroptosis inhibitors offers novel ways to treat a variety of disorders that are not well-treated by the therapeutic medications now on the market. The research and medicinal potential of RIPK1 inhibitors, a promising class of drugs, are thoroughly examined in this study. The journey from the discovery of Necrostatin-1 (Nec-1) to the recent advancements in RIPK1 inhibitors is marked by significant progress, highlighting the integration of traditional medicinal chemistry approaches with modern technologies like high-throughput screening and DNA-encoded library technology. This review presents a thorough exploration of the development and therapeutic potential of RIPK1 inhibitors, a promising class of compounds. Simultaneously, this review highlights the complex roles of RIPK1 in various pathological conditions and discusses potential inhibitors discovered through diverse pathways, emphasizing their efficacy against multiple disease models, providing significant guidance for the expansion of knowledge about RIPK1 and its inhibitors to develop more selective, potent, and safe therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinliang Bai
- Department of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, China; School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yujun Qiao
- Department of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, China
| | - Mingming Li
- Department of Neurology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, China
| | - Wenzhen Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, China
| | - Haile Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, China
| | - Yanqing Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, China
| | - Honghua Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117544, Singapore.
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4
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Banerjee S, Cabrera-Barjas G, Tapia J, Fabi JP, Delattre C, Banerjee A. Characterization of Chilean hot spring-origin Staphylococcus sp. BSP3 produced exopolysaccharide as biological additive. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2024; 14:15. [PMID: 38310179 PMCID: PMC10838260 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-024-00436-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
A type of high molecular weight bioactive polymers called exopolysaccharides (EPS) are produced by thermophiles, the extremophilic microbes that thrive in acidic environmental conditions of hot springs with excessively warm temperatures. Over time, EPS became important as natural biotechnological additives because of their noncytotoxic, emulsifying, antioxidant, or immunostimulant activities. In this article, we unravelled a new EPS produced by Staphylococcus sp. BSP3 from an acidic (pH 6.03) San Pedro hot spring (38.1 °C) located in the central Andean mountains in Chile. Several physicochemical techniques were performed to characterize the EPS structure including Scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), Gel permeation chromatography (GPC), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), 1D Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), and Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). It was confirmed that the amorphous surface of the BSP3 EPS, composed of rough pillar-like nanostructures, is evenly distributed. The main EPS monosaccharide constituents were mannose (72%), glucose (24%) and galactose (4%). Also, it is a medium molecular weight (43.7 kDa) heteropolysaccharide. NMR spectroscopy demonstrated the presence of a [→ 6)-⍺-D-Manp-(1 → 6)-⍺-D-Manp-(1 →] backbone 2-O substituted with 1-⍺-D-Manp. A high thermal stability of EPS (287 °C) was confirmed by TGA analysis. Emulsification, antioxidant, flocculation, water-holding (WHC), and oil-holding (OHC) capacities are also studied for biotechnological industry applications. The results demonstrated that BSP3 EPS could be used as a biodegradable material for different purposes, like flocculation and natural additives in product formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srijan Banerjee
- Instituto de Química de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Talca, CP 3460000, Talca, Chile
| | - Gustavo Cabrera-Barjas
- Universidad San Sebastián Campus Las Tres Pascualas, Facultad de Ciencias Para el Cuidado de la Salud, Lientur 1457, CP 4080871, Concepción, Chile
| | - Jaime Tapia
- Instituto de Química de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Talca, CP 3460000, Talca, Chile
| | - João Paulo Fabi
- Department of Food Science and Experimental Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Food Research Center (FoRC), CePID-FAPESP (Research, Innovation and Dissemination Centers, São Paulo Research Foundation), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Cedric Delattre
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont Auvergne INP, CNRS, Institut Pascal, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), 1 Rue Descartes, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Aparna Banerjee
- Instituto de Ciencias Aplicadas, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, CP 3467987, Talca, Chile.
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Abd-Alrahman AM, Ramadan MM, Maraay MF, Salem R, Saleh FM, Hashim MA, Zhernyakova A, El-Messery TM. Production of natural flavor compounds using Bacillus subtilis-fermented soybean meal extract and their biological potential: a comprehensive in vitro study. Front Nutr 2024; 10:1280209. [PMID: 38299181 PMCID: PMC10829107 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1280209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the production of natural flavor compounds through the utilization of Bacillus subtilis-fermented soybean meal extract and evaluate their biological potential. The experiment involved a comprehensive in vitro investigation to assess the capabilities and effects of the produced flavor compounds. The resulting flavor compounds were subjected to various in vitro tests to assess their properties, including cytotoxicity, antioxidant activity, anticancer potential, antiviral activity, and antimicrobial activity. To enhance the fermentation process, soybean meal extract was fortified with a combination of L-Lysine and L-Threonine. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis was conducted on the fermented soybean meal using two strains of Bacillus subtilis, namely NRCH123 and NRCZ144. This analysis revealed the presence of various volatile compounds in all extracts, including Butylated hydroxytoluene. The fermented soybean extract with bacillus subtilis NRCZ144 (B2) fortified with a combination of 2.5% (w/w) L-Lysine and 2.5% w/w L-threonine (SLT2) exhibited a rich profile of flavor compounds, with Eucalyptol being identified as the predominant compound. The antioxidant activity of the SLT2 extract was found to be 72.04% at a concentration of 100 μg/mL, indicating significant antioxidant potential. Furthermore, when tested against the human liver cancer cell line HepG2, the extract demonstrated anticancer activity with an IC50 value of 2.26 μg/mL. The extract exhibited potent cytotoxicity, with an IC50 value of 1.02 μg/mL. Importantly, the SLT2 extract displayed strong antibacterial and antifungal activity, even at very low concentrations. The extract's antimicrobial properties indicate its potential for inhibiting the growth of bacteria and fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer M. Abd-Alrahman
- Department Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Home Economics, Al-Azhar University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Manal M. Ramadan
- Department Chemistry of Flavor and Aroma, Food Industry and Nutrition, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Rabab Salem
- Department Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Home Economics, Al-Azhar University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Fatma M. Saleh
- Department Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Home Economics, Al-Azhar University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Mahmood A Hashim
- International Research Centre “Biotechnologies of the Third Millennium,” Faculty of Biotechnologies (BioTech), ITMO University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Agricultural Research Center, Food Technology Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anastasia Zhernyakova
- International Research Centre “Biotechnologies of the Third Millennium,” Faculty of Biotechnologies (BioTech), ITMO University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Tamer M. El-Messery
- International Research Centre “Biotechnologies of the Third Millennium,” Faculty of Biotechnologies (BioTech), ITMO University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
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6
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Jantas D, Warszyński P, Lasoń W. Carnosic Acid Shows Higher Neuroprotective Efficiency than Edaravone or Ebselen in In Vitro Models of Neuronal Cell Damage. Molecules 2023; 29:119. [PMID: 38202702 PMCID: PMC10779571 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29010119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
This study compared the neuroprotective efficacy of three antioxidants-the plant-derived carnosic acid (CA), and two synthetic free radical scavengers: edaravone (ED) and ebselen (EB)-in in vitro models of neuronal cell damage. Results showed that CA protected mouse primary neuronal cell cultures against hydrogen peroxide-induced damage more efficiently than ED or EB. The neuroprotective effects of CA were associated with attenuation of reactive oxygen species level and increased mitochondrial membrane potential but not with a reduction in caspase-3 activity. None of the tested substances was protective against glutamate or oxygen-glucose deprivation-evoked neuronal cell damage, and EB even increased the detrimental effects of these insults. Further experiments using the human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells showed that CA but not ED or EB attenuated the cell damage induced by hydrogen peroxide and that the composition of culture medium is the critical factor in evaluating neuroprotective effects in this model. Our data indicate that the neuroprotective potential of CA, ED, and EB may be revealed in vitro only under specific conditions, with their rather narrow micromolar concentrations, relevant cellular model, type of toxic agent, and exposure time. Nevertheless, of the three compounds tested, CA displayed the most consistent neuroprotective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danuta Jantas
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, 31-343 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Piotr Warszyński
- Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 30-239 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Władysław Lasoń
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, 31-343 Krakow, Poland;
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Weber J, Buske J, Mäder K, Garidel P, Diederichs T. Oxidation of polysorbates - An underestimated degradation pathway? Int J Pharm X 2023; 6:100202. [PMID: 37680877 PMCID: PMC10480556 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpx.2023.100202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
To ensure the stability of biologicals over their entire shelf-life, non-ionic surface-active compounds (surfactants) are added to protect biologics from denaturation and particle formation. In this context, polysorbate 20 and 80 are the most used detergents. Despite their benefits of low toxicity and high biocompatibility, specific factors are influencing the intrinsic stability of polysorbates, leading to degradation, loss in efficacy, or even particle formation. Polysorbate degradation can be categorized into chemical or enzymatic hydrolysis and oxidation. Under pharmaceutical relevant conditions, hydrolysis is commonly originated from host cell proteins, whereas oxidative degradation may be caused by multiple factors such as light, presence of residual metal traces, peroxides, or temperature, which can be introduced upon manufacturing or could be already present in the raw materials. In this review, we provide an overview of the current knowledge on polysorbates with a focus on oxidative degradation. Subsequently, degradation products and key characteristics of oxidative-mediated polysorbate degradation in respect of different types and grades are summarized, followed by an extensive comparison between polysorbate 20 and 80. A better understanding of the radical-induced oxidative PS degradation pathway could support specific mitigation strategies. Finally, buffer conditions, various stressors, as well as appropriate mitigation strategies, reagents, and alternative stabilizers are discussed. Prior manufacturing, careful consideration and a meticulous risk-benefit analysis are highly recommended in terms of polysorbate qualities, buffers, storage conditions, as well as mitigation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Weber
- Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biosciences, Wolfgang-Langenbeck-Strasse 4, Halle (Saale) 06120, Germany
| | - Julia Buske
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Innovation Unit, TIP, Birkendorfer Straße 65, Biberach an der Riss 88397, Germany
| | - Karsten Mäder
- Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biosciences, Wolfgang-Langenbeck-Strasse 4, Halle (Saale) 06120, Germany
| | - Patrick Garidel
- Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biosciences, Wolfgang-Langenbeck-Strasse 4, Halle (Saale) 06120, Germany
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Innovation Unit, TIP, Birkendorfer Straße 65, Biberach an der Riss 88397, Germany
| | - Tim Diederichs
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Innovation Unit, TIP, Birkendorfer Straße 65, Biberach an der Riss 88397, Germany
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8
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Wang W, Le T, Wang WW, Yin JF, Jiang HY. The Effects of Structure and Oxidative Polymerization on Antioxidant Activity of Catechins and Polymers. Foods 2023; 12:4207. [PMID: 38231595 DOI: 10.3390/foods12234207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols are key free radical scavengers in tea. This study screened the antioxidant active groups of catechins and dimers and analyzed the effects of the degree of oxidative polymerization and oxidative dimerization reaction on their antioxidant activities. ABTS+· free radical scavenging activity, DPPH free radical scavenging activity, and total antioxidant capacity of catechins and polymers were systematically analyzed and compared in this study. Results manifested antioxidant activities of catechins were dominated by B-ring pyrogallol and 3-galloyl, but were not decided by geometrical isomerism. 3-galloyl had a stronger antioxidant activity than B-ring pyrogallol in catechins. The number, not the position, of the galloyl group was positively correlated with the antioxidant activities of theaflavins. Theasinensin A has more active groups than (-)-epigallocatechin gallate and theaflavin-3,3'-digallate, so it had a stronger antioxidant activity. Additionally, the higher the degree of oxidation polymerization, the weaker the antioxidant activities of the samples. The oxidative dimerization reaction hindered the antioxidant activities of the substrate-catechin mixture by reducing the number of active groups of the substrate and increasing the molecular structure size of the product. Overall, pyrogallol and galloyl groups were antioxidant active groups. The degree of oxidative polymerization and the oxidative dimerization reaction weakened the antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 9 Meiling South Road, Xihu District, Hangzhou 310008, China
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Cangshan District, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Ting Le
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 9 Meiling South Road, Xihu District, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Wei-Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 9 Meiling South Road, Xihu District, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Jun-Feng Yin
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 9 Meiling South Road, Xihu District, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - He-Yuan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 9 Meiling South Road, Xihu District, Hangzhou 310008, China
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9
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Zhang XJ, Diao MN, Zhang YF. A review of the occurrence, metabolites and health risks of butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA). JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2023; 103:6150-6166. [PMID: 37127924 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) is mainly used as a food additive due to its antioxidant properties, which prevent or delay oxidation reactions and extend the storage life of products. The widespread use of BHA has led to its extensive presence in various environmental matrices and human tissues. Food intake is the main route of human exposure to BHA. Under different conditions, BHA can produce different metabolites, with tert-butyl hydroquinone (TBHQ) being one of the major products. Several studies have shown that BHA could cause thyroid system damage, metabolic and growth disorders, neurotoxicity, and carcinogenesis. Mechanisms such as endocrine disruption, genotoxicity, disturbances of energy metabolism, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, signaling pathways, and imbalances in calcium homeostasis appear to be associated with the toxic effects of BHA. Avoiding the toxic effects of BHA to the maximum extent possible is a top priority. Finding safe, non-toxic and environmentally friendly alternatives to BHA should be the focus of subsequent research. In all, this review summarized the current situation related to BHA and might make recommendations for future research directions. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jing Zhang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Mei-Ning Diao
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yin-Feng Zhang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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10
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Sandoval-Rivas D, Morales DV, Hepp MI. Toxicity evaluation of Pinus radiata D.Don bark wax for potential cosmetic application. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 178:113896. [PMID: 37339695 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.113896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
Radiata pine bark is a widely available organic waste, requiring alternative uses due to its environmental impact on soil, fauna, and forest fires. Pine bark waxes could be used as cosmetic substitutes, but their toxicity requires evaluation since pine bark may contain toxic substances or xenobiotics, depending on the extraction process. This study evaluates the toxicity of radiata pine bark waxes obtained through various extraction methods on human skin cells grown in vitro. The assessment includes using XTT to evaluate mitochondrial activity, violet crystal dye to assess cell membrane integrity, and ApoTox-Glo triple assay to measure cytotoxicity, viability, and apoptosis signals. Pine bark waxes extracted via T3 (acid hydrolysis and petroleum ether incubation) and T9 (saturated steam cycle, alkaline hydrolysis, and petroleum ether incubation) exhibit non-toxicity up to 2% concentration, making them a potential substitute for petroleum-based cosmetic materials. Integrating the forestry and cosmetic industries through pine bark wax production under circular economy principles could promote development while replacing petroleum-based materials. Extraction methodology affects pine bark wax toxicity in human skin cells due to the retention of xenobiotic compounds including methyl 4-ketohex-5-enoate; 1-naphthalenol; dioctyl adipate; eicosanebioic acid dimethyl ester; among others. Future research will investigate whether the extraction methodology alters the molecular structure of the bark, affecting the release of toxic compounds in the wax mixture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Sandoval-Rivas
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas y Morfología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción, 4090541, Chile; Facultad de Ingeniería, Arquitectura y Diseño, Universidad San Sebastián, Lientur 1457, Concepción, Chile
| | - Daniela V Morales
- Departamento de Química Ambiental, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción, 4090541, Chile; Centro de energía, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción, 4090541, Chile
| | - Matías I Hepp
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas y Morfología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción, 4090541, Chile.
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11
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Spoorthi Shetty S, Halagali P, Johnson AP, Spandana KMA, Gangadharappa HV. Oral insulin delivery: Barriers, strategies, and formulation approaches: A comprehensive review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023:125114. [PMID: 37263330 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes Mellitus is characterized by a hyperglycemic condition which can either be caused by the destruction of the beta cells or by the resistance developed against insulin in the cells. Insulin is a peptide hormone that regulates the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus needs the use of Insulin for efficient management. However invasive methods of administration may lead to reduced adherence by the patients. Hence there is a need for a non-invasive method of administration. Oral Insulin has several merits over the conventional method including patient compliance, and reduced cost, and it also mimics endogenous insulin and hence reaches the liver by the portal vein at a higher concentration and thereby showing improved efficiency. However oral Insulin must pass through several barriers in the gastrointestinal tract. Some strategies that could be utilized to bypass these barriers include the use of permeation enhancers, absorption enhancers, use of suitable polymers, use of suitable carriers, and other agents. Several formulation types have been explored for the oral delivery of Insulin like hydrogels, capsules, tablets, and patches which have been described briefly by the article. A lot of attempts have been made for developing oral insulin delivery however none of them have been commercialized due to numerous shortcomings. Currently, there are several formulations from the companies that are still in the clinical phase, the success or failure of some is yet to be seen in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Spoorthi Shetty
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India
| | - Praveen Halagali
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India
| | - Asha P Johnson
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India
| | - K M Asha Spandana
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India
| | - H V Gangadharappa
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India.
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12
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Zhang C, Zhang Q, Luo M, Wang Q, Wu X. Bacillus cereus WL08 immobilized on tobacco stem charcoal eliminates butylated hydroxytoluene in soils and alleviates the continuous cropping obstacle of Pinellia ternata. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 450:131091. [PMID: 36870095 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), as an emerging contaminant in ecosystems, has potential influences on animals, aquatic organisms, and public health, and has been proven to be a major allelochemical of Pinellia ternata. In this study, Bacillus cereus WL08 was used to rapidly degrade BHT in liquid culture. Strain WL08 immobilized on tobacco stem charcoal (TSC) particles notably accelerated BHT removal in contract to its free cells, and exhibited excellent reutilization and storage capacities. The optimal removal parameters of TSC WL08 were ascertained to be pH 7.0, 30 °C, 50 mg L-1 BHT and 0.14 mg L-1 TSC WL08. Moreover, TSC WL08 significantly accelerated the degradation of 50 mg L-1 BHT in sterile and non-sterile soils compared to that of free WL08 or natural dissipation, and notably shortened their half-lives by 2.47- or 362.14- fold, and 2.20- or 14.99- fold, respectively. Simultaneously, TSC WL08 was introduced into the continuous cropping soils of P. ternata, which accelerated the elimination of allelochemical BHT, and notably enhanced the photosynthesis, growth, yield, and quality of P. ternata. This study provides new insights and strategies for the rapid in situ remediation of BHT-polluted soils and effective alleviation of P. ternata cropping obstacles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China; Institute of Crop Protection, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Qinghai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Ming Luo
- Institute of Modern Chinese Herbal Medicines, Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Qiuping Wang
- Institute of Crop Protection, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China; Department of Food and Medicine, Guizhou Vocational College of Agriculture, Qingzhen, Guizhou 551400, China
| | - Xiaomao Wu
- Institute of Crop Protection, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China.
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13
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Iglesias-Carres L, Racine KC, Chadwick S, Nunn C, Kalambur SB, Neilson AP, Ferruzzi MG. Mechanism of off-color formation in potato chips fried in oil systems containing ascorbic acid as a stabilizer. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2023.114682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2023]
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14
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Xue W, Macleod J, Blaxland J. The Use of Ozone Technology to Control Microorganism Growth, Enhance Food Safety and Extend Shelf Life: A Promising Food Decontamination Technology. Foods 2023; 12:foods12040814. [PMID: 36832889 PMCID: PMC9957223 DOI: 10.3390/foods12040814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The need for microorganism control in the food industry has promoted research in food processing technologies. Ozone is considered to be a promising food preserving technique and has gained great interest due to its strong oxidative properties and significant antimicrobial efficiency, and because its decomposition leaves no residues in foods. In this ozone technology review, the properties and the oxidation potential of ozone, and the intrinsic and extrinsic factors that affect the microorganism inactivation efficiency of both gaseous and aqueous ozone, are explained, as well as the mechanisms of ozone inactivation of foodborne pathogenic bacteria, fungi, mould, and biofilms. This review focuses on the latest scientific studies on the effects of ozone in controlling microorganism growth, maintaining food appearance and sensorial organoleptic qualities, assuring nutrient contents, enhancing the quality of food, and extending food shelf life, e.g., vegetables, fruits, meat, and grain products. The multifunctionality effects of ozone in food processing, in both gaseous and aqueous form, have promoted its use in the food industries to meet the increased consumer preference for a healthy diet and ready-to-eat products, although ozone may present undesirable effects on physicochemical characteristics on certain food products at high concentrations. The combined uses of ozone and other techniques (hurdle technology) have shown a promotive future in food processing. It can be concluded from this review that the application of ozone technology upon food requires increased research; specifically, the use of treatment conditions such as concentration and humidity for food and surface decontamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenya Xue
- ZERO2FIVE Food Industry Centre, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff CF5 2YB, UK
- Cardiff School of Sports and Health Science, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff CF5 2YB, UK
| | - Joshua Macleod
- ZERO2FIVE Food Industry Centre, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff CF5 2YB, UK
- Cardiff School of Sports and Health Science, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff CF5 2YB, UK
| | - James Blaxland
- ZERO2FIVE Food Industry Centre, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff CF5 2YB, UK
- Cardiff School of Sports and Health Science, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff CF5 2YB, UK
- Correspondence:
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15
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Hsieh CY, Lin JN, Kang TY, Wen YH, Yu SH, Wu CC, Wu HP. Otoprotective Effects of Fucoidan Reduce Cisplatin-Induced Ototoxicity in Mouse Cochlear UB/OC-2 Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043561. [PMID: 36834972 PMCID: PMC9959567 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin is a widely used standard chemotherapy for various cancers. However, cisplatin treatment is associated with severe ototoxicity. Fucoidan is a complex sulfated polysaccharide mainly derived from brown seaweeds, and it shows multiple bioactivities such as antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and antioxidant activities. Despite evidence of the antioxidant effects of fucoidan, research on its otoprotective effects remains limited. Therefore, the present study investigated the otoprotective effects of fucoidan in vitro using the mouse cochlear cell line UB/OC-2 to develop new strategies to attenuate cisplatin-induced ototoxicity. We quantified the cell membrane potential and analyzed regulators and cascade proteins in the apoptotic pathway. Mouse cochlear UB/OC-2 cells were pre-treated with fucoidan before cisplatin exposure. The effects on cochlear hair cell viability, mitochondrial function, and apoptosis-related proteins were determined via flow cytometry, Western blot analysis, and fluorescence staining. Fucoidan treatment reduced cisplatin-induced intracellular reactive oxygen species production, stabilized mitochondrial membrane potential, inhibited mitochondrial dysfunction, and successfully protected hair cells from apoptosis. Furthermore, fucoidan exerted antioxidant effects against oxidative stress by regulating the Nrf2 pathway. Therefore, we suggest that fucoidan may represent a potential therapeutic agent for developing a new otoprotective strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Yu Hsieh
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung 427213, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Ni Lin
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung 427213, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Ya Kang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung 427213, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsuan Wen
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970374, Taiwan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970473, Taiwan
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970473, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Hui Yu
- Department of Music, Tainan University of Technology, Tainan 710302, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Chi Wu
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100225, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Genetics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100225, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsinchu 300195, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Pin Wu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung 427213, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970374, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
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16
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Lee S, Kim MG, Hur SW, Katya K, Kim KW, Lee BJ. Assessment of Safety, Effects, and Muscle-Specific Accumulation of Dietary Butylated Hydroxytoluene (BHT) in Paralichthys olivaceus. AQUACULTURE NUTRITION 2023; 2023:1381923. [PMID: 36860975 PMCID: PMC9973148 DOI: 10.1155/2023/1381923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) is a commonly used antioxidant added to animal/fish feed to limit lipid autoxidation and peroxidation. Although there have been reviews and reports of BHT toxicity in animals, limited information is available with respect to the toxic effects and accumulation of BHT due to oral exposure in aquaculture species. Therefore, 120 days of feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary BHT on the marine fish olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus. Graded levels of BHT were added to the basal diet in increments of 0, 10, 20, 40, 80, and 160 mg BHT/kg, corresponding to 0 (BHT0), 11 (BHT11), 19 (BHT19), 35 (BHT35), 85 (BHT85), and 121 (BHT121) mg BHT/kg diets, respectively. Fish with an average weight of 77.5 ± 0.3 g (mean ± SD) were fed one of the six experimental diets in triplicate groups. Growth performance, feed utilization, and survival rate were not significantly affected by the dietary BHT levels among all experimental groups, whereas BHT concentration in the muscle tissue was found to increase in a dose-dependent manner up to 60 days of the experimental period. Thereafter, BHT accumulation in muscle tissue showed a declining trend among all treatment groups. Furthermore, the whole-body proximate composition, nonspecific immune responses, and hematological parameters (except triglycerides) were not significantly influenced by the dietary levels of BHT. Blood triglyceride content was significantly higher in fish fed the BHT-free diet compared to all other treatment groups. Thus, this study demonstrates that dietary BHT (up to 121 mg/kg) is a safe and effective antioxidant without exhibiting any adverse effects on the growth performance, body composition, and immune responses in the marine fish olive flounder, P. olivaceus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seunghan Lee
- Aquafeed Research Center, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Pohang 37517, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Gi Kim
- Aquafeed Research Center, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Pohang 37517, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Woo Hur
- Aquafeed Research Center, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Pohang 37517, Republic of Korea
| | - Kumar Katya
- Malaysian Aquaponics Research Center, Semenyih, Kuala Lumpur 43500, Malaysia
| | - Kang-Woong Kim
- Aquafeed Research Center, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Pohang 37517, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong-Joo Lee
- Department of Smart Fisheries Resources, Kongju National University, Yesan 32439, Republic of Korea
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17
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Chary MA, Barbuto AF, Izadmehr S, Tarsillo M, Fleischer E, Burns MM. COVID-19 Therapeutics: Use, Mechanism of Action, and Toxicity (Xenobiotics). J Med Toxicol 2023; 19:26-36. [PMID: 36525217 PMCID: PMC9756926 DOI: 10.1007/s13181-022-00918-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 emerged in 2019 and led to the COVID-19 pandemic. Efforts to develop therapeutics against SARS-Cov-2 led to both new treatments and attempts to repurpose existing medications. Here, we provide a narrative review of the xenobiotics and alternative remedies used or proposed to treat COVID-19. Most repositioned xenobiotics have had neither the feared toxicity nor the anticipated efficacy. Repurposed viral replication inhibitors are not efficacious and frequently associated with nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Antiviral medications designed specifically against SARS-CoV-2 may prevent progression to severe disease in at-risk individuals and appear to have a wide therapeutic index. Colloidal silver, zinc, and ivermectin have no demonstrated efficacy. Ivermectin has a wide therapeutic index but is not efficacious and acquiring it from veterinary sources poses additional danger. Chloroquine has a narrow therapeutic index and no efficacy. A companion review covers vaccines, monoclonal antibodies, and immunotherapies. Together, these two reviews form an update to our 2020 review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A. Chary
- Division of Medical Toxicology, Department of Emergency Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA USA ,Regional Center for Poison Control and Prevention Serving Massachusetts and Rhode Island, Boston, MA USA ,Division of Medical Toxicology, Department of Emergency Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY USA
| | - Alexander F. Barbuto
- Division of Medical Toxicology, Department of Emergency Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA USA ,Regional Center for Poison Control and Prevention Serving Massachusetts and Rhode Island, Boston, MA USA ,Department of Emergency Medicine, Carl R. Darnall Army Medical Center, Fort Hood, TX USA
| | - Sudeh Izadmehr
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA
| | - Marc Tarsillo
- Division of Medical Toxicology, Department of Emergency Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY USA
| | - Eduardo Fleischer
- Division of Medical Toxicology, Department of Emergency Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA USA
| | - Michele M. Burns
- Division of Medical Toxicology, Department of Emergency Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA USA ,Regional Center for Poison Control and Prevention Serving Massachusetts and Rhode Island, Boston, MA USA ,Department of Emergency Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA USA
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18
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Fahim SA, Ibrahim S, Tadros SA, Badary OA. Protective effects of butylated hydroxytoluene on the initiation of N-nitrosodiethylamine-induced hepatocellular carcinoma in albino rats. Hum Exp Toxicol 2023; 42:9603271231165664. [PMID: 36943693 DOI: 10.1177/09603271231165664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Diethylnitrosamine (DEN), a hepatocarcinogen, is found in a variety of smoked and fried foods and was reported to be hepatotoxic in mice. Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) is a potent antioxidant used in cosmetic formulations and as a food additive and preservative. As a result, BHT was studied as a potential inhibitor in the early stages of diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced HCC. Male Wistar albino rats (n = 24) were equally subdivided. Group 1 was the negative control; Group 2 and 3 administered BHT and DEN, respectively; Group 4 received BHT followed by DEN. Blood samples and rat livers were taken for biochemical and histological investigation. Hepatotoxicity was assessed by increased liver enzymes and HCC indicators, along with reduced antioxidant and pro-apoptotic factors. AFP, AFPL3, GPC3, GSH, SOD, MDA, CASP3 and BAX expression increased significantly after DEN treatment. DEN also reduced GPx, CAT, and CYP2E1 activity, and BCl-2 expression. Moreover, in the hepatic parenchyma, the DEN caused histological alterations. Pretreatment with BHT enhanced antioxidant status while preventing histopathological and most biochemical alterations. BHT pretreatment suppresses DEN-initiated HCC by decreasing oxidative stress, triggering intrinsic mitotic apoptosis, and preventing histopathological changes in liver tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally A Fahim
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy, 485624Newgiza University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Samar Ibrahim
- Clinical Pharmacy Practice Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, 267119Ahram Canadian University, 6th of October City, Egypt
| | - Samer A Tadros
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, 110123October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), 6th of October City, Egypt
| | - Osama A Badary
- Clinical Pharmacy Practice Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, 120633The British University in Egypt (BUE), Cairo, Egypt
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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19
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Yan H, Ma H, Li Y, Zhao L, Lin J, Jia Q, Hu Q, Han D. Oxidative stress facilitates infection of the unicellular alga Haematococcus pluvialis by the fungus Paraphysoderma sedebokerense. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2022; 15:56. [PMID: 35596207 PMCID: PMC9123766 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-022-02140-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Background The green microalga Haematococcus pluvialis is used as a cell factory for producing astaxanthin, the high-value carotenoid with multiple biological functions. However, H. pluvialis is prone to the infection by a parasitic fungus Paraphysoderma sedebokerense, which is the most devastating threat to the mass culture of H. pluvialis all over the world. Through dissecting the mechanisms underlying the infection process, effective measures could be developed to mitigate the pathogen threatening for the natural astaxanthin industry. By far, understanding about the interaction between the algal host and fungal pathogen remains very limited. Results We observed that there were heat-stable substances with small molecular weight produced during the infection process and enhanced the susceptibility of H. pluvialis cells to the pathogen. The infection ratio increased from 10.2% (for the algal cells treated with the BG11 medium as the control) to 52.9% (for the algal cells treated with supernatant contained such substances) on the second day post-infection, indicating the yet unknown substances in the supernatant stimulated the parasitism process. Systematic approaches including multi-omics, biochemical and imaging analysis were deployed to uncover the identity of the metabolites and the underlying mechanisms. Two metabolites, 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid and hordenine were identified and proved to stimulate the infection via driving oxidative stress to the algal cells. These metabolites generated hydroxyl radicals to disrupt the subcellular components of the algal cells and to make the algal cells more susceptible to the infection. Based on these findings, a biosafe and environment-friendly antioxidant butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) was selected to inhibit the fungal infection, which completely abolished the infection at 12 ppm. By applying 7 ppm BHA every 2 days to the algal cell culture infected with P. sedebokerense in the 100 L open raceway ponds, the biomass of H. pluvialis reached 0.448 g/L, which was comparable to that of the control (0.473 g/L). Conclusions This study provides for the first time, a framework to dissect the functions of secondary metabolites in the interaction between the unicellular alga H. pluvialis and its fungal parasite, indicating that oxidative degradation is a strategy used for the fungal infest. Eliminating the oxidative burst through adding antioxidant BHA could be an effective measure to reduce parasitic infection in H. pluvialis mass culture. Graphical Abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13068-022-02140-y.
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20
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He WS, Sun Y, Li Z, Yang H, Li J, Wang Q, Tan C, Zou B. Enhanced antioxidant capacity of lipoic acid in different food systems through lipase-mediated esterification with phytosterols. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2022; 102:7115-7125. [PMID: 35704042 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND α-Lipoic acid has excellent antioxidant activity, but its poor lipid solubility greatly limits its practical application. This study was undertaken (i) to develop a novel and efficient enzymatic synthesis of lipophilic lipoic acid esters using Candida sp. 99-125 lipase as a catalyst; and (ii) to systematically evaluate their antioxidant potential against bulk oil, oil-in-water emulsion (O/W) and cooked ground meat. RESULTS Lipophilic lipoic acid esters were successfully and efficiently synthesized using phytosterols as acyl receptor in the presence of Candida sp. 99-125 lipase. The product was identified as phytosterol lipoate by mass spectrometry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance. The maximum conversion of phytosterol lipoate surpassed 90% within 12 h and its final yield exceeded 81%. Interestingly, the oil solubility of lipoic acid was increased at least 25-fold and other physicochemical properties were significantly improved. Most importantly, phytosterol lipoate exhibited higher antioxidant activity than lipoic acid in bulk oil, O/W emulsions and cooked ground meat. CONCLUSION The antioxidant capacity of lipoic acid can be significantly enhanced by esterification with phytosterols. Therefore, phytosterol lipoate could be further developed as a new antioxidant for use in oil- and fat-based foods. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Sen He
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuying Sun
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhishuo Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haonan Yang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Junjie Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qingzhi Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chen Tan
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing, China
| | - Bin Zou
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
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21
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Ponnampalam EN, Kiani A, Santhiravel S, Holman BWB, Lauridsen C, Dunshea FR. The Importance of Dietary Antioxidants on Oxidative Stress, Meat and Milk Production, and Their Preservative Aspects in Farm Animals: Antioxidant Action, Animal Health, and Product Quality-Invited Review. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12233279. [PMID: 36496798 PMCID: PMC9738477 DOI: 10.3390/ani12233279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The biological effects of oxidative stress and associated free radicals on farm animal performance, productivity, and product quality may be managed via dietary interventions-specifically, the provision of feeds, supplements, and forages rich in antioxidants. To optimize this approach, it is important first to understand the development of free radicals and their contributions to oxidative stress in tissue systems of farm animals or the human body. The interactions between prooxidants and antioxidants will impact redox homeostasis and, therefore, the well-being of farm animals. The impact of free radical formation on the oxidation of lipids, proteins, DNA, and biologically important macromolecules will likewise impact animal performance, meat and milk quality, nutritional value, and longevity. Dietary antioxidants, endogenous antioxidants, and metal-binding proteins contribute to the 'antioxidant defenses' that control free radical formation within the biological systems. Different bioactive compounds of varying antioxidant potential and bio-accessibility may be sourced from tailored feeding systems. Informed and successful provision of dietary antioxidants can help alleviate oxidative stress. However, knowledge pertaining to farm animals, their unique biological systems, and the applications of novel feeds, specialized forages, bioactive compounds, etc., must be established. This review summarized current research to direct future studies towards more effective controls for free radical formation/oxidative stress in farm animals so that productivity and quality of meat and milk can be optimized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric N. Ponnampalam
- Animal Production Sciences, Agriculture Victoria Research, Department of Jobs, Precincts and Regions, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia
- Correspondence:
| | - Ali Kiani
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Lorestan University, Khorramabad P.O. Box 465, Iran
| | - Sarusha Santhiravel
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL A1C 5S7, Canada
| | - Benjamin W. B. Holman
- Wagga Wagga Agricultural Institute, NSW Department of Primary Industries, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia
| | - Charlotte Lauridsen
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Aarhus University, P.O. Box 50, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - Frank R. Dunshea
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
- The Faculty of Biological Sciences, The University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
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22
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Kobets T, Smith BPC, Williams GM. Food-Borne Chemical Carcinogens and the Evidence for Human Cancer Risk. Foods 2022; 11:foods11182828. [PMID: 36140952 PMCID: PMC9497933 DOI: 10.3390/foods11182828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Commonly consumed foods and beverages can contain chemicals with reported carcinogenic activity in rodent models. Moreover, exposures to some of these substances have been associated with increased cancer risks in humans. Food-borne carcinogens span a range of chemical classes and can arise from natural or anthropogenic sources, as well as form endogenously. Important considerations include the mechanism(s) of action (MoA), their relevance to human biology, and the level of exposure in diet. The MoAs of carcinogens have been classified as either DNA-reactive (genotoxic), involving covalent reaction with nuclear DNA, or epigenetic, involving molecular and cellular effects other than DNA reactivity. Carcinogens are generally present in food at low levels, resulting in low daily intakes, although there are some exceptions. Carcinogens of the DNA-reactive type produce effects at lower dosages than epigenetic carcinogens. Several food-related DNA-reactive carcinogens, including aflatoxins, aristolochic acid, benzene, benzo[a]pyrene and ethylene oxide, are recognized by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) as causes of human cancer. Of the epigenetic type, the only carcinogen considered to be associated with increased cancer in humans, although not from low-level food exposure, is dioxin (TCDD). Thus, DNA-reactive carcinogens in food represent a much greater risk than epigenetic carcinogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetyana Kobets
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-914-594-3105; Fax: +1-914-594-4163
| | - Benjamin P. C. Smith
- Future Ready Food Safety Hub, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Gary M. Williams
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
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Ableitung eines HBM-I-Wertes für Butylhydroxytoluol (BHT) für Erwachsene – Stellungnahme der Kommission Human-Biomonitoring des Umweltbundesamtes. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 2022; 65:946-950. [PMID: 36048211 DOI: 10.1007/s00103-022-03569-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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24
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Cross Talk between Synthetic Food Colors (Azo Dyes), Oral Flora, and Cardiovascular Disorders. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12147084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic food colors are important ingredients in the food industry. These synthetic food colorants are azo dyes, majorly acidic in nature such as Allura red and Tartrazine. They are present in sweets, carbonated drinks, meat products, and candies to attract the consumers. This review article is an attempt to explain the adverse effects of azo dyes and their association with oral cavities and cardiovascular disorders. These synthetic dyes (azo dyes) have staining effects on dentin. Poor dental care accelerates the bacterial accumulation on the dental crown (Gram-negative bacteria P. gingivalis, T. denticola, and T. forsythia and Gram-positive bacteria Strep. Gordonii), causing the washing of enamel, forming dental plaque. Bacterial pathogens (P. ginigivalis and F. nacleatum) release different chemicals (FadA and Fap2) that bind to protein on the cell by producing an inflammatory response through different line-host defenses, such as Gingival epithelial cells (ECs), Hemi-desmosomes, and desmosomes, which helps the bacterium migration from the cell–cell junction. This makes the junctions slightly open up and makes the whole vessel permeable, through which the bacterium enters into the blood stream line. This leads to different major arteries, such as the carotid artery, and causes the accumulation of plaque in major cardiac arteries, which causes different cardiovascular disorders. These bacterial species present in gums cause cardiovascular diseases, such as ischemic heart disease, coronary artery disease, heart attacks and strokes, and arrhythmias, which can lead to death.
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Antimicrobial Impacts of Microbial Metabolites on the Preservation of Fish and Fishery Products: A Review with Current Knowledge. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10040773. [PMID: 35456823 PMCID: PMC9028172 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10040773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbial metabolites have proven effects to inhibit food spoilage microbiota, without any development of antimicrobial resistance. This review provides a recent literature update on the preservative action of metabolites derived from microorganisms on seafood. Fish and fishery products are regarded as a myriad of nutrition, while being highly prone to spoilage. Several proven controversies (antimicrobial resistance and health issues) related to the use of synthetic preservatives have caused an imminent problem. The demand for minimally processed and naturally preserved clean-label fish and fishery products is on rise. Metabolites derived from microorganisms have exhibited diverse preservation capacities on fish and fishery products’ spoilage. Inclusions with other preservation techniques, such as hurdle technology, for the shelf-life extension of fish and fishery products are also summarized.
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Durner J, Schrickel K, Watts DC, Becker M, Draenert ME. Direct and indirect eluates from bulk fill resin-based-composites. Dent Mater 2022; 38:489-507. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2022.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Green Extraction of Antioxidant Flavonoids from Pigeon Pea ( Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.) Seeds and Its Antioxidant Potentials Using Ultrasound-Assisted Methodology. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26247557. [PMID: 34946637 PMCID: PMC8703396 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26247557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Pigeon pea is an important pea species in the Fabaceae family that has long been used for food, cosmetic, and other phytopharmaceutical applications. Its seed is reported as a rich source of antioxidants and anti-inflammatory flavonoids, especially isoflavones, i.e., cajanin, cajanol, daidzein, and genistein. In today’s era of green chemistry and green cosmetic development, the development and optimization of extraction techniques is increasing employed by the industrial sectors to provide environmentally friendly products for their customers. Surprisingly, there is no research report on improving the extraction of these isoflavonoids from pigeon pea seeds. In this present study, ultrasound-assisted extraction (USAE) methodology, which is a green extraction that provides a shorter extraction time and consumes less solvent, was optimized and compared with the conventional methods. The multivariate strategy, the Behnken–Box design (BBD) combined with response surface methodology, was employed to determine the best extraction conditions for this USAE utilizing ethanol as green solvent. Not only in vitro but also cellular antioxidant activities were evaluated using different assays and approaches. The results indicated that USAE provided a substantial gain of ca 70% in the (iso)flavonoids extracted and the biological antioxidant activities were preserved, compared to the conventional method. The best extraction conditions were 39.19 min with a frequency of 29.96 kHz and 63.81% (v/v) aqueous ethanol. Both the antioxidant and anti-aging potentials of the extract were obtained under optimal USAE at a cellular level using yeast as a model, resulting in lower levels of malondialdehyde. These results demonstrated that the extract can act as an effective activator of the cell longevity protein (SIR2/SIRT1) and cell membrane protector against oxidative stress. This finding supports the potential of pigeon pea seeds and USAE methodology to gain potential antioxidant and anti-aging (iso)flavonoids-rich sources for the cosmetic and phytopharmaceutical sectors.
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Fallah M, Davoodvandi A, Nikmanzar S, Aghili S, Mirazimi SMA, Aschner M, Rashidian A, Hamblin MR, Chamanara M, Naghsh N, Mirzaei H. Silymarin (milk thistle extract) as a therapeutic agent in gastrointestinal cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 142:112024. [PMID: 34399200 PMCID: PMC8458260 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Silymarin contains a group of closely-related flavonolignan compounds including silibinin, and is extracted from Silybum marianum species, also called milk thistle. Silymarin has been shown to protect the liver in both experimental models and clinical studies. The chemopreventive activity of silymarin has shown some efficacy against cancer both in vitro and in vivo. Silymarin can modulate apoptosis in vitro and survival in vivo, by interfering with the expression of cell cycle regulators and apoptosis-associated proteins. In addition to its anti-metastatic activity, silymarin has also been reported to exhibit anti-inflammatory activity. The chemoprotective effects of silymarin and silibinin (its major constituent) suggest they could be applied to reduce the side effects and increase the anti-cancer effects of chemotherapy and radiotherapy in various cancer types, especially in gastrointestinal cancers. This review examines the recent studies and summarizes the mechanistic pathways and down-stream targets of silymarin in the therapy of gastrointestinal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Fallah
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran; Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Davoodvandi
- Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran; Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahin Nikmanzar
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sarehnaz Aghili
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Ali Mirazimi
- Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran; School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10463, USA
| | - Amir Rashidian
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa
| | - Mohsen Chamanara
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Toxicology Research Center, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Navid Naghsh
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
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Wu L, Zhang C, Long Y, Chen Q, Zhang W, Liu G. Food additives: From functions to analytical methods. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:8497-8517. [PMID: 34058921 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1929823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Food additives refer to all kinds of trace substances used in food or food processing to preserve flavor or enhance food taste, appearance, or other qualities. At present, artificial synthetic food additives have gradually replaced the natural food additives and many problems related to food additives, involving the abuse of food additives, excessive additives or even toxic additives. Obviously, food additives can bring people great sensory enjoyment and commercial convenience, but they may also cause potential risks to human health. So, it is of high significance to conduct quantitative analysis on the content of food additives. According to their functions and the regulatory requirements of food additives, this review starts from the classification and structures of various food additives involving colorants, preservatives, antioxidants, sweeteners, emulsifiers, stabilizers, thickeners, gelling agents. It then summarizes and discusses analytical methods for quantification of food additives including modern immunoassays and other biotechnological methods. The proposed review aspires to fill in the knowledge gap of food additives between academia and industry by covering all kinds of analytical methods for quantifying food additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Wu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province, Haikou, Hainan, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), College of Bioengineering and Food, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Chenghui Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province, Haikou, Hainan, P.R. China
| | - Yingxi Long
- School of Life and Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, P.R. China
| | - Qi Chen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province, Haikou, Hainan, P.R. China
| | - Weimin Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province, Haikou, Hainan, P.R. China
| | - Guozhen Liu
- School of Life and Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, P.R. China
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30
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen‐Sen He
- School of Food and Biological Engineering Jiangsu University 301 Xuefu Road Zhenjiang Jiangsu 212013 China
- School of Life Sciences The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin, New Territories Hong Kong China
| | - Jiaxin Rui
- School of Food and Biological Engineering Jiangsu University 301 Xuefu Road Zhenjiang Jiangsu 212013 China
| | - Qingzhi Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering Jiangsu University 301 Xuefu Road Zhenjiang Jiangsu 212013 China
| | - Zhen‐Yu Chen
- School of Life Sciences The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin, New Territories Hong Kong China
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Turan E, Şimşek A. Effects of lyophilized black mulberry water extract on lipid oxidation, metmyoglobin formation, color stability, microbial quality and sensory properties of beef patties stored under aerobic and vacuum packaging conditions. Meat Sci 2021; 178:108522. [PMID: 33957374 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2021.108522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The objective was to determine the effects of different concentrations of lyophilized black mulberry water extract (BMWE) on lipid oxidation, metmyoglobin (MMb) formation, color stability, microbial quality, and sensory properties of aerobic (AP) and vacuum (VP) packaged beef patties during 15 days of chilled storage. Compared to control, incorporating of BMWE decreased (P < .01) the pH, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), MMb, and hue angle values of both AP and VP beef patties, while improving the redness (a*) and chroma values (P < .01). Addition of BMWE contributed significantly to extending the shelf life of beef patties by limiting lipid oxidation, discoloration and microbial growth during storage compared to control (P < .01). Although the lowest TAMB (total aerobic mesophylic bacteria) counts, TBARS and MMb values were determined in 0.4% BMWE groups, 0.2% BMWE was the most favourable concentration considering sensory acceptability and instrumental redness. These results showed that BMWE could be used as a promising natural colorant, antioxidant and antimicrobial agent in beef patties instead of synthetic additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emre Turan
- Ordu University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Food Engineering, Ordu, Turkey.
| | - Atilla Şimşek
- Ordu University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Food Engineering, Ordu, Turkey
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32
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Vijayakumar K, Rengarajan RL, Suganthi N, Prasanna B, Velayuthaprabhu S, Shenbagam M, Vijaya Anand A. Acute toxicity studies and protective effects of Cinnamon cassia bark extract in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Drug Chem Toxicol 2021; 45:2086-2096. [PMID: 33849352 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2021.1907908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The medicinal properties of Cinnamon cassia (C. cassia) bark have been reported for their clinical importance for many diseases including diabetes. However, there is no clear evidence so far regarding dose selection for its hepato- and nephroprotective effect in diabetic condition. Hence, the present study aims at evaluating in vitro antioxidant activity, the acute toxicity, and dose fixation of C. cassia bark for their effective medicinal values in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced rats. All the extracts exhibited potential in vitro antioxidant activity and showed a dose-dependent (1000, 2000, 3000, 4000, and 5000 mg/kg BW) acute toxicity by in vivo model. The levels of aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), urea, and creatinine showed a significant elevation in animals treated with the highest dose. In further studies along with histopathological studies, animals treated with STZ (60 mg/kg BW) followed by a different dose (300, 400, and 500 mg/kg BW) of ethanolic extract of the C. cassia bark and glibenclamide (3 mg/kg BW) revealed that the altered level of mitochondrial enzymes, hepatic, and renal marker in STZ-induced animals were restored in C. cassia bark extract-treated group as of control. These results could be of scientific support for the use of the ethanolic extract of the C. cassia bark in folk medicine for the management of diabetes and its associated complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Vijayakumar
- Department of Chemistry, Sri Meenakshi Vidiyal Arts and Science College, Tiruchirappalli, India
| | - R L Rengarajan
- Department of Animal Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, India
| | - N Suganthi
- Department of Nanoscience and Technology, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, India
| | - B Prasanna
- Department of Biochemistry, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Thirunelveli, India
| | - S Velayuthaprabhu
- Department of Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India
| | - M Shenbagam
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Annamalai University, Chidambaram, India
| | - A Vijaya Anand
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India
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Felter SP, Zhang X, Thompson C. Butylated hydroxyanisole: Carcinogenic food additive to be avoided or harmless antioxidant important to protect food supply? Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2021; 121:104887. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2021.104887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Viana da Silva M, Santos MRC, Alves Silva IR, Macedo Viana EB, Dos Anjos DA, Santos IA, Barbosa de Lima NG, Wobeto C, Jorge N, Lannes SCDS. Synthetic and Natural Antioxidants Used in the Oxidative Stability of Edible Oils: An Overview. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2020.1869775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcondes Viana da Silva
- Department of Exact and Natural Sciences (DCEN), State University of Southwest Bahia, Bairro Primavera, Itapetinga, Brasil
| | - Mariana Romana Correia Santos
- Department of Exact and Natural Sciences (DCEN), State University of Southwest Bahia, Bairro Primavera, Itapetinga, Brasil
| | - Izis Rafaela Alves Silva
- Department of Exact and Natural Sciences (DCEN), State University of Southwest Bahia, Bairro Primavera, Itapetinga, Brasil
| | - Eduardo Bruno Macedo Viana
- Department of Exact and Natural Sciences (DCEN), State University of Southwest Bahia, Bairro Primavera, Itapetinga, Brasil
| | - Dioneire Amparo Dos Anjos
- Department of Exact and Natural Sciences (DCEN), State University of Southwest Bahia, Bairro Primavera, Itapetinga, Brasil
| | - Ingrid Alves Santos
- Department of Exact and Natural Sciences (DCEN), State University of Southwest Bahia, Bairro Primavera, Itapetinga, Brasil
| | | | - Carmen Wobeto
- Universidade Federal De Mato Grosso - Campus De Sinop, Universidade Federal De Mato Grosso, Sinop, BR
| | - Neuza Jorge
- Paulista State University Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Institute of Biosciences Letters and Exact Sciences, São José Do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Suzana Caetano Da Silva Lannes
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical-Biochemical Technology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, BR
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Albergamo A, Salvo A, Carabetta S, Arrigo S, Di Sanzo R, Costa R, Dugo G, Russo M. Development of an antioxidant formula based on peanut by-products and effects on sensory properties and aroma stability of fortified peanut snacks during storage. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2021; 101:638-647. [PMID: 32691876 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An antioxidant formula based on peanut skins and hulls was developed and characterized for total and single polyphenols, as well as antioxidant power, considering the contribution provided by each peanut by-product. Subsequently, it was evaluated for its effect on the sensory properties and aroma stability of peanut bars over a 100-day period. To this purpose, snacks fortified, or not, with the natural additive were experimentally produced. RESULTS Peanut hulls contributed to a greater extent than skins with respect to boosting the content of bioactives and the antioxidnt activity of the antioxidant formula, which was marked by a phenol content of (approximately 807 mg gallic acid equivalents g-1 ) and a 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl activity similar to that of butylated hydroxytoluene (85.96% and 89.30%, respectively). From a sensory perspective, the incorporation of the formulation in snacks caused only a slightly stronger perception of astringent and bitter notes. Pyrazines, phenol, furan and pyrrole derivatives defined the aroma of snacks, being more abundant in fortified than in conventional samples. Such volatiles faded over storage, with different trends in the examined products. For example, the sum of 2,5-dimethylpyrazine, 2-ethylpyrazine and 2,3-dimethylpyrazine was 9.49 and 8.87 ppm at day 15; 5.57 and 7.16 ppm at day 45; and 5.03 and 4.65 ppm at day 100, respectively, in fortified and conventional snacks. Hydroxymethylfurfural decreased constantly over storage in conventional samples and only after day 45 in fortified bars. CONCLUSION Overall, the antioxidant formulation did not compromise the sensory desirability of peanut snacks and induced a preservative effect on their aroma, especially during the first 15 days of storage. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambrogina Albergamo
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Images Sciences (BIOMORF), University of Messina - Viale Annunziata, Messina, Italy
- Science4Life S.r.l., spin-off of the University of Messina - Via Leonardo Sciascia, Messina, Italy
| | - Andrea Salvo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technologies, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Sonia Carabetta
- Department of Agriculture, Food Chemistry, Safety and Sensoromic Laboratory (FoCuSS Lab), University Mediterranea of Reggio Calabria, Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Sara Arrigo
- Science4Life S.r.l., spin-off of the University of Messina - Via Leonardo Sciascia, Messina, Italy
| | - Rosa Di Sanzo
- Department of Agriculture, Food Chemistry, Safety and Sensoromic Laboratory (FoCuSS Lab), University Mediterranea of Reggio Calabria, Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Rosaria Costa
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Images Sciences (BIOMORF), University of Messina - Viale Annunziata, Messina, Italy
| | - Giacomo Dugo
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Images Sciences (BIOMORF), University of Messina - Viale Annunziata, Messina, Italy
- Science4Life S.r.l., spin-off of the University of Messina - Via Leonardo Sciascia, Messina, Italy
| | - Mariateresa Russo
- Department of Agriculture, Food Chemistry, Safety and Sensoromic Laboratory (FoCuSS Lab), University Mediterranea of Reggio Calabria, Reggio Calabria, Italy
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Leow Y, Yew PYM, Chee PL, Loh XJ, Kai D. Recycling of spent coffee grounds for useful extracts and green composites. RSC Adv 2021; 11:2682-2692. [PMID: 35424216 PMCID: PMC8693820 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra09379c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Large amounts of spent coffee grounds (SCGs) are often discarded and there is a need to find alternative disposal methods due to environmental concerns. This project aims to develop sustainable materials by re-purposing spent coffee grounds (SCGs). Oil extraction was performed using different organic solvents and yielded approximately 10% coffee oil. Coffee oil contains potentially useful chemical compounds such as fatty acids and caffeine. They also exhibited antioxidant properties. Extracted SCGs (ESCGs) were blended with epoxy resin to form composites. ESCG composites displayed a general decrease in mechanical properties relative to epoxy. However, improvements were observed when comparing ESCG composites and SCG composites. The greatest improvement belongs to epoxy composite filled with acetone-ESCGs, where the tensile strength, flexural modulus and flexural strength increased to 23.4 MPa, 3.02 GPa and 42.9 MPa respectively. This study presents a way to exploit waste materials which contributes to the goal of sustainability. Spent coffee grounds are mostly discarded as waste. Here we recycle them for chemical compounds and as composite material fillers. Our study evaluated the chemical composition of coffee oil extracts and mechanical properties of composites formed.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihao Leow
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), ASTAR 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03 Innovis 138634 Singapore .,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore 9 Engineering Drive 1 117576 Singapore
| | - Pek Yin Michelle Yew
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), ASTAR 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03 Innovis 138634 Singapore
| | - Pei Lin Chee
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), ASTAR 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03 Innovis 138634 Singapore
| | - Xian Jun Loh
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), ASTAR 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03 Innovis 138634 Singapore
| | - Dan Kai
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), ASTAR 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03 Innovis 138634 Singapore
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Lamponi S, Baratto MC, Miraldi E, Baini G, Biagi M. Chemical Profile, Antioxidant, Anti-Proliferative, Anticoagulant and Mutagenic Effects of a Hydroalcoholic Extract of Tuscan Rosmarinus officinalis. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10010097. [PMID: 33418860 PMCID: PMC7825123 DOI: 10.3390/plants10010097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to characterize the chemical profile of an ethanolic extract of Tuscan Rosmarinus officinalis (Roex) and to determine its in vitro bioactivity. The content of phenolic and flavonoid compounds, hydroxycinnamic acids and triterpenoids was determined, and high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection (HPLC-DAD) analysis revealed that rosmarinic acid and other hydroxycinnamic derivatives were the main constituents of the extract. Roex demonstrated to have both antioxidant activity and the capability to scavenge hydrogen peroxide in a concentration dependent manner. Moreover, NIH3T3 mouse fibroblasts and human breast adenocarcinoma cells MDA-MB-231 viability was influenced by the extract with an IC50 of 2.4 × 10-1 mg/mL and 4.8 × 10-1 mg/mL, respectively. The addition of Roex to the culture medium of both the above cell lines, resulted also in the reduction of cell death after H2O2 pre-treatment. The Ames test demonstrated that Roex was not genotoxic towards both TA98 and TA100 strains, with and without S9 metabolic activation. The extract, by inactivating thrombin, showed to also have an anti-coagulating effect at low concentration values. All these biological activities exerted by Roex are tightly correlated to its phytochemical profile, rich in bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Lamponi
- Department of Biotechnologies, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0577-234386; Fax: +39-0577-234254
| | - Maria Camilla Baratto
- Department of Biotechnologies, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy;
| | - Elisabetta Miraldi
- Department of Physical Sciences, Earth and Environment, University of Siena, Strada Laterina 8, 53100 Siena, Italy; (E.M.); (G.B.); (M.B.)
| | - Giulia Baini
- Department of Physical Sciences, Earth and Environment, University of Siena, Strada Laterina 8, 53100 Siena, Italy; (E.M.); (G.B.); (M.B.)
| | - Marco Biagi
- Department of Physical Sciences, Earth and Environment, University of Siena, Strada Laterina 8, 53100 Siena, Italy; (E.M.); (G.B.); (M.B.)
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Fungi as a Gold Mine of Antioxidants. Fungal Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-85603-8_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Robertson H, Dinkova-Kostova AT, Hayes JD. NRF2 and the Ambiguous Consequences of Its Activation during Initiation and the Subsequent Stages of Tumourigenesis. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E3609. [PMID: 33276631 PMCID: PMC7761610 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12123609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
NF-E2 p45-related factor 2 (NRF2, encoded in the human by NFE2L2) mediates short-term adaptation to thiol-reactive stressors. In normal cells, activation of NRF2 by a thiol-reactive stressor helps prevent, for a limited period of time, the initiation of cancer by chemical carcinogens through induction of genes encoding drug-metabolising enzymes. However, in many tumour types, NRF2 is permanently upregulated. In such cases, its overexpressed target genes support the promotion and progression of cancer by suppressing oxidative stress, because they constitutively increase the capacity to scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS), and they support cell proliferation by increasing ribonucleotide synthesis, serine biosynthesis and autophagy. Herein, we describe cancer chemoprevention and the discovery of the essential role played by NRF2 in orchestrating protection against chemical carcinogenesis. We similarly describe the discoveries of somatic mutations in NFE2L2 and the gene encoding the principal NRF2 repressor, Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1) along with that encoding a component of the E3 ubiquitin-ligase complex Cullin 3 (CUL3), which result in permanent activation of NRF2, and the recognition that such mutations occur frequently in many types of cancer. Notably, mutations in NFE2L2, KEAP1 and CUL3 that cause persistent upregulation of NRF2 often co-exist with mutations that activate KRAS and the PI3K-PKB/Akt pathway, suggesting NRF2 supports growth of tumours in which KRAS or PKB/Akt are hyperactive. Besides somatic mutations, NRF2 activation in human tumours can occur by other means, such as alternative splicing that results in a NRF2 protein which lacks the KEAP1-binding domain or overexpression of other KEAP1-binding partners that compete with NRF2. Lastly, as NRF2 upregulation is associated with resistance to cancer chemotherapy and radiotherapy, we describe strategies that might be employed to suppress growth and overcome drug resistance in tumours with overactive NRF2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly Robertson
- Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Division of Cellular Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, Scotland, UK; (H.R.); (A.T.D.-K.)
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Albena T. Dinkova-Kostova
- Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Division of Cellular Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, Scotland, UK; (H.R.); (A.T.D.-K.)
| | - John D. Hayes
- Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Division of Cellular Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, Scotland, UK; (H.R.); (A.T.D.-K.)
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Effectuality of chitosan biopolymer and its derivatives during antioxidant applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 164:1342-1369. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.07.197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Abstract
This review covers the latest developments and challenges in the field of broad-spectrum sunscreens and how sunscreens based on lignin address their requirements in terms of sunlight protection, antioxidants, and preservatives.
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Nazir S, Jan H, Tungmunnithum D, Drouet S, Zia M, Hano C, Abbasi BH. Callus Culture of Thai Basil Is an Effective Biological System for the Production of Antioxidants. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25204859. [PMID: 33096885 PMCID: PMC7588007 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25204859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Thai basil is a renowned medicinal plant and a rich source of bioactive antioxidant compounds with several health benefits, with actions to prevent of cancer, diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Plant cell and tissue culture technologies can be routinely established as an important, sustainable and low-cost biomass source to produce high-value phytochemicals. The current study aimed at developing an effective protocol to produce Thai basil leaf-derived callus cultures with sustainable and high production of biomass and antioxidants as an alternative of leaves production. MS basal medium with various concentrations of plant growth regulators (PGRs) compatible with nutraceutical applications (i.e., gibberellic acid (GA3) and 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) either alone or in combination with naphthalene acetic acid (NAA)) were evaluated. Among all tested PGRs, the combination BAP:NAA (5 mg/L:1 mg/L) yields the maximum biomass accumulation (fresh weight (FW): 190 g/L and dry weight (DW): 13.05 g/L) as well as enhanced phenolic (346.08 mg/L) production. HPLC quantification analysis indicated high productions of chicoric acid (35.77 mg/g DW) and rosmarinic acid (7.35 mg/g DW) under optimized callus culture conditions. Antioxidant potential was assessed using both in vitro cell free and in vivo cellular antioxidant assays. Maximum in vitro antioxidant activity DPPH (93.2% of radical scavenging activity) and ABTS (1322 µM Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity) was also observed for the extracts from callus cultures grown in optimal conditions. In vivo cellular antioxidant activity assay confirmed the effective protection against oxidative stress of the corresponding extract by the maximum inhibition of ROS and RNS production. Compared to commercial leaves, callus extracts showed higher production of chicoric acid and rosmarinic acid associated with higher antioxidant capacity. In addition, this biological system also has a large capacity for continuous biomass production, thus demonstrating its high potential for possible nutraceutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saher Nazir
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (S.N.); (H.J.); (M.Z.)
| | - Hasnain Jan
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (S.N.); (H.J.); (M.Z.)
| | - Duangjai Tungmunnithum
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand;
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures, INRAE USC1328, University of Orleans, CEDEX 02, 45067 Orléans, France;
| | - Samantha Drouet
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures, INRAE USC1328, University of Orleans, CEDEX 02, 45067 Orléans, France;
| | - Muhammad Zia
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (S.N.); (H.J.); (M.Z.)
| | - Christophe Hano
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures, INRAE USC1328, University of Orleans, CEDEX 02, 45067 Orléans, France;
- Correspondence: (C.H.); (B.H.A.); Tel.: +33-237-309-753 (C.H.); +33-77-698-41-48 (B.H.A.)
| | - Bilal Haider Abbasi
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (S.N.); (H.J.); (M.Z.)
- Correspondence: (C.H.); (B.H.A.); Tel.: +33-237-309-753 (C.H.); +33-77-698-41-48 (B.H.A.)
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Liu R, Mabury SA. Synthetic Phenolic Antioxidants: A Review of Environmental Occurrence, Fate, Human Exposure, and Toxicity. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:11706-11719. [PMID: 32915564 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c05077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic phenolic antioxidants (SPAs) are widely used in various industrial and commercial products to retard oxidative reactions and lengthen product shelf life. In recent years, numerous studies have been conducted on the environmental occurrence, human exposure, and toxicity of SPAs. Here, we summarize the current understanding of these issues and provide recommendations for future research directions. SPAs have been detected in various environmental matrices including indoor dust, outdoor air particulates, sea sediment, and river water. Recent studies have also observed the occurrence of SPAs, such as 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol (BHT) and 2,4-di-tert-butyl-phenol (DBP), in humans (fat tissues, serum, urine, breast milk, and fingernails). In addition to these parent compounds, some transformation products have also been detected both in the environment and in humans. Human exposure pathways include food intake, dust ingestion, and use of personal care products. For breastfeeding infants, breast milk may be an important exposure pathway. Toxicity studies suggest some SPAs may cause hepatic toxicity, have endocrine disrupting effects, or even be carcinogenic. The toxicity effects of some transformation products are likely worse than those of the parent compound. For example, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-benzoquinone (BHT-Q) can cause DNA damage at low concentrations. Future studies should investigate the contamination and environmental behaviors of novel high molecular weight SPAs, toxicity effects of coexposure to several SPAs, and toxicity effects on infants. Future studies should also develop novel SPAs with low toxicity and low migration ability, decreasing the potential for environmental pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runzeng Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Scott A Mabury
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
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Suleman R, Wang Z, Aadil RM, Hui T, Hopkins DL, Zhang D. Effect of cooking on the nutritive quality, sensory properties and safety of lamb meat: Current challenges and future prospects. Meat Sci 2020; 167:108172. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2020.108172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Chmykh Y, Nadeau JL. Characterization of Retinol Stabilized in Phosphatidylcholine Vesicles with and without Antioxidants. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:18367-18375. [PMID: 32743212 PMCID: PMC7391946 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c02102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Retinol stability has been reported to be improved by encapsulation in liposomes, both with and without cholesterol. However, this improvement is limited because of lipid peroxidation. In this study, we compare the stability of retinol in phosphatidylcholine liposomes under ultraviolet (UV) light or standard room air, with and without the addition of antioxidants. Both butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) and a proprietary mix (StoppOx) improved the shelf stability from <10 to over 30 d. The addition of cholesterol had no effect. Fluorescence imaging showed a heterogeneous distribution of retinol within the vesicles, including within the aqueous layer. Fluorescence lifetimes were equally heterogeneous. Under UV irradiation, StoppOx protected retinol for significantly longer than BHT and via different mechanisms. This suggests that natural antioxidants work well to improve the retinol stability, but that further work to determine the optimal vesicle structure remains to be performed.
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Achar JC, Nam G, Jung J, Klammler H, Mohamed MM. Microbubble ozonation of the antioxidant butylated hydroxytoluene: Degradation kinetics and toxicity reduction. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 186:109496. [PMID: 32304926 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) is recognized as a crucial pollutant in aquatic environments, but efforts to achieve its complete removal are without success. The aim of this study was to investigate the degradation efficiency of BHT in water using ozone microbubbles (OMB), coupled with toxicity change assessment at sub-lethal BHT concentrations (0.34, 0.45 and 0.90 μM) based on oxidative stress biomarkers in Daphnia magna. The efficiency of OMB on ozone gas mass transfer was assessed and the contribution of hydroxyl radicals (·OH) in the degradation of BHT was determined using p-chlorobenzoic acid (pCBA) probe compound and a ·OH radical scavenger (sodium carbonate, Na2CO3). The ozone gas mass transfer coefficient (kLa = 1.02 × 10-2 s-1) was much larger than the ozone self-decomposition rate (kd = 8 × 10-4 s-1) implying little influence of self-decomposing ozone in the volumetric ozone transfer during OMB generation. Generally, OMB improved ozone gas mass transfer (1.3-19-fold) relative to conventional ozone techniques, while indirect reaction of BHT with ·OH was dominant (82%) over the direct reaction with molecular ozone. Addition of 15, 25 and 35 mM Na2CO3 reduced BHT degradation by 30, 50 and 65%, respectively, indicating the significance of ·OH in the degradation of BHT. Increase in initial BHT concentration correspondingly reduced its removal rate by OMB possibly due to increase in metabolites produced during ozonation. Post BHT treatment exposure tests recorded significant (p < 0.05) reductions in oxidative stress (according to enzyme activities changes) in D. magna compared to pretreatment tests, demonstrating the effectiveness of OMB in detoxification of BHT. Overall, the results of the study indicate that OMB is extremely efficient in complete degradation of BHT in water and, consequently, significantly (p < 0.05) reducing its toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerry Collince Achar
- Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwiwoong Nam
- Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinho Jung
- Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Harald Klammler
- Department of Geosciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Mohamed M Mohamed
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, College of Engineering, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates; National Water Center, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.
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Liu Y, Chen Y, Wang Y, Chen J, Huang Y, Yan Y, Li L, Li Z, Ren Y, Xiao Y. Total phenolics, capsaicinoids, antioxidant activity, and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of three varieties of pepper seeds. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2020.1775646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yida Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Yulian Chen
- Department of Research and Development, Hunan Yancun Ecological Farming Technology Co., Ltd, Changsha, China
| | - Yuanliang Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Food Science and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Jiaxu Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuxin Huang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Yingzi Yan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Luoming Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Zongjun Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Food Science and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Youhua Ren
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Yu Xiao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
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Lu L, Luo K, Yang W, Zhang S, Wang W, Xu H, Wu S. Insight into the anti-aging mechanisms of natural phenolic antioxidants in natural rubber composites using a screening strategy based on molecular simulation. RSC Adv 2020; 10:21318-21327. [PMID: 35518775 PMCID: PMC9054403 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra03425h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The failure of materials upon aging has led to the accumulation of waste and environmental pollution. Adding antioxidants (AOs) to the composites is one of the most effective ways to retard aging. However, traditional synthetic AOs are always detrimental to the environment and human health. The selection of antioxidants from streams by experiments will also definitely cost a lot of time and money. In addition, the complexity of thermo-oxidative aging factors along with the lack of quantitative tools significantly hampers its applications. So, building a screening strategy to quickly and easily find an appropriate and eco-friendly AO is imperative. In this study, we chose natural rubber (NR) as a matrix and provided a screening strategy based on diverse natural phenolic antioxidants to evaluate their ability in protecting NR composites. Thymol, α-tocopherol, and lipid-soluble epigallocatechin gallate (lsEGCG) were chosen from 18 natural phenolic antioxidants as potential alternative candidates. They were proved, indeed, to enhance the oxidative time in NR from experiments. Our results emphasized that thymol, α-tocopherol, and lsEGCG were promising alternatives for AOs in NR, and the in vitro toxicity test suggested that they are biocompatible. This study may develop a new strategy preference for screening the antioxidants by combining molecular simulation with the validation of experimental approaches, and therefore guide the AO molecular design with a more accurate theoretical prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 P. R. China
| | - Kaiqiang Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 P. R. China
| | - Wei Yang
- Global Energy Interconnection Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Power Transmission Technology Beijing 102211 P. R. China
| | - Sidian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 P. R. China
| | - Wencai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 P. R. China
| | - Haiyan Xu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College Beijing 100005 P. R. China
| | - Sizhu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 P. R. China
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AOP1, a New Live Cell Assay for the Direct and Quantitative Measure of Intracellular Antioxidant Effects. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9060471. [PMID: 32492957 PMCID: PMC7346189 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9060471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Taking advantage of Light Up Cell System (LUCS) technology, which allows for fine monitoring of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production inside live cells, a new assay called Anti Oxidant Power 1 (AOP1) was developed to specifically measure ROS and/or free-radical scavenging effects inside living cells. This method is quantitative and EC50s obtained from AOP1 dose-response experiments were determined in order to classify the intracellular antioxidant efficacy of 15 well known antioxidant compounds with different hydrophilic properties. Six of them (epigallocatechin gallate, quercetin, butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), ethoxyquin, resveratrol) gave EC50s in the range of 7–64 μM, four (Trolox, catechin, epicatechin, EUK134) in the range of 0.14 to 1 mM, and 5 (sulforaphane, astaxanthin, α- and γ-tocopherols, vitamin E acetate) showed only partial or no effect. Interestingly, effects with measurable EC50s were observed for compounds with hydrophilic properties (LogP ≤ 5.3), while all antioxidants known to act at the plasma membrane level (LogP ≥ 10.3) had partial or no effect. Sulforaphane, a hydrophilic but strict Keap1/Nrf2 pathway enhancer, did not show any effect either. Importantly, AOP1 assay captures both antioxidant and prooxidant effects. Taken together, these results led us to the conclusion that AOP1 assay measures antioxidant effect of compounds that selectively enter the cell, and act as free radical scavengers in the cytosol and/or nucleus level.
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