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Keshtkaran M, Hassanpour S, Asadollahi KP, Zendehdel M. Effects of in ovo injection of the L-carnosine on physiological indexes of neonatal broiler chicken. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103380. [PMID: 38198911 PMCID: PMC10825529 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The objective of the present investigation was to ascertain the impact of in ovo administration of L-carnosine on physiological indicators in neonatal broiler chickens. A total of 280 viable broiler eggs were allocated to 7 distinct groups: control, Sham in ovo injection of sterile water on d 7 of incubation. Groups 3 and 4 were subjected to in ovo injections of L-carnosine (25 and 50 µg) on d 7 of incubation. Group 5, functioning as a sham in ovo, received an injection of sterile water on d 18 of incubation. Groups 6 and 7 were in ovo injected with L-carnosine (25 and 50 µg) on d 18 of incubation. All eggs were subjected to incubation, and the hatching rate and body weight were measured post-hatch. Subsequently, blood samples were collected, and the levels of biochemical constituents in the serum were determined. Based on the outcomes, the administration of L-carnosine (50 µg) on d 7 of incubation led to a significant increase in post-hatch body weight compared to the control group (P < 0.05). The in ovo injection of L-carnosine (25 and 50 µg) on d 7 and 18 of incubation resulted in a significant decrease in the levels of serum glucose, triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), phosphorus (P), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alanine transaminase (ALT) in the newly hatched chickens (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the in-ovo injection of L-carnosine (25 and 50 µg) on d 7 and 18 of incubation led to a significant increase in the levels of serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL), calcium, and total protein (TP) in the newly hatched chickens (P < 0.05). Nonetheless, L-carnosine did not have a significant effect on the levels of serum IgY and IgA in the newly hatched chickens (P > 0.05). These findings indicate that the in ovo administration of L-carnosine yielded favorable outcomes in neonatal broiler chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahta Keshtkaran
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahin Hassanpour
- Division of Physiology, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Kaveh Parvandar Asadollahi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Morteza Zendehdel
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, 14155-6453 Tehran, Iran
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2
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Wang S, Niu H, Liu Y, Tan Y, Gao H, Ren S, Wang L. Clinical Efficacy and Safety of Non-Cross-Linked Hyaluronic Acid Combined with L-carnosine for Horizontal Neck Wrinkles Treatment. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2021; 45:2912-2917. [PMID: 34378075 PMCID: PMC8677633 DOI: 10.1007/s00266-021-02307-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Horizontal neck wrinkle formation is gaining more attention among cosmetic practitioners and clients. To date, hyaluronic acid products are one of the most common treatment options for this aesthetic concern. However, different therapeutic strategies should be given to solve the problem due to multiple etiological reasons. Given that oxidative damage plays a critical role in neck wrinkle formation, anti-oxidative compounds are now considered by physicians when making a treatment plan. Aims To evaluate the efficacy and safety of a non-cross-linked hyaluronic acid filler in combination with L-carnosine in treating horizontal neck wrinkles. Methods Thirteen patients with a Wrinkle Assessment Scale (WAS) of 2–5 for horizontal neck wrinkles were treated with L-carnosine-containing non-cross-linked hyaluronic acid. Participants were followed-up for 3 months after treatment. The post-treated WAS scores evaluated by physicians were collected when patient satisfaction was surveyed. Any post-treatment adverse events were recorded. Results With a single injection of the above filler, the physician-evaluated WAS scores improved by at least one score at one month and the improvement kept consistent as far as three months after injection. According to the last follow-up visit, 11/13 patients were satisfied with the treatment effect of their neck wrinkle. Moreover, adverse events were rare after filler injection, except for local complications that were considered common reactions to the filler injection procedure. Conclusion The non-cross-linked hyaluronic acid filler containing L-carnosine is safe and effective for treating horizontal neck wrinkles. Level of Evidence IV This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiwei Wang
- Department of Medical Affairs, Imeik Technology Development Co., Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Huanyun Niu
- Department of Medical Affairs, Imeik Technology Development Co., Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Yao Liu
- Department of Medical Cosmetology, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital, No. 42 Xuegong Street, Shahekou District, Dalian, 116003, Liaoning, China
| | - Yawen Tan
- Department of Medical Affairs, Imeik Technology Development Co., Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - He Gao
- Department of Medical Cosmetology, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital, No. 42 Xuegong Street, Shahekou District, Dalian, 116003, Liaoning, China
| | - Shuang Ren
- Department of Medical Cosmetology, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital, No. 42 Xuegong Street, Shahekou District, Dalian, 116003, Liaoning, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Medical Cosmetology, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital, No. 42 Xuegong Street, Shahekou District, Dalian, 116003, Liaoning, China.
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3
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Chen JW, Lin YL, Samuel Wu YH, Wang SY, Chou CH, Chen YC. Ameliorative effects of functional crude-chalaza hydrolysates on the hepatosteatosis development induced by a high-fat diet. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101009. [PMID: 33647717 PMCID: PMC7921881 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Approximately 400 metric tons of egg chalazae, a byproduct in the liquid-egg processing plant, are produced yearly but always regarded as a waste in Taiwan. Our team successfully developed a crude egg chalaza hydrolysate by protease-A digestion (CCH-A). Free branched-chain amino acids, 3-aminoisobutyric acid, and β-alanine, and anserine were assayed in the CCH-A used in this study. Besides, the in vitro bile-acid binding ability and inhibitory lipase activity of CCH-As were demonstrated. Then, high-fat diet feeding for 10 wk caused hyperlipidemia, insulin resistance, and hepatosteatosis in hamsters (P < 0.05). However, CCH-A co-treatment decreased serum/liver triglyceride levels and lipid accumulation in livers by increasing daily fecal lipid/bile-acid outputs, upregulating fatty-acid β oxidation, and downregulating fatty-acid biosynthesis in livers (P < 0.05). CCH-A co-treatment also amended insulin resistance, augmented hepatic antioxidant capacity, and decreased liver damages and inflammatory responses (P < 0.05). Taken together, our results do not only demonstrate the hepatoprotective effects of CCH-As against a chronic high-fat dietary habit, achieving effects similar to Simvastatin, but also decrease the environmental burden of handling chalazae in the liquid-egg industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jr-Wei Chen
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei City 106, Taiwan; Poultry Industry Section, Department of Animal Industry, Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan, Taipei City 100, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ling Lin
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei City 106, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsieng Samuel Wu
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei City 106, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Yao Wang
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei City 106, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Hsi Chou
- School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei City 106, Taiwan; Zoonoses Research Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei City 106, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chen Chen
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei City 106, Taiwan.
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4
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Antioxidative Characteristics of Chicken Breast Meat and Blood after Diet Supplementation with Carnosine, L-histidine, and β-alanine. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9111093. [PMID: 33171823 PMCID: PMC7695160 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9111093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of the study was to test the effect of diets supplemented with β-alanine, L-histidine, and carnosine on the histidine dipeptide content and the antioxidative status of chicken breast muscles and blood. One-day-old Hubbard Flex male chickens were assigned to five treatments: control diet (C) and control diet supplemented with 0.18% L-histidine (ExpH), 0.3% β-alanine (ExpA), a mix of L-histidine\β-alanine (ExpH+A), and 0.27% carnosine (ExpCar). After 28 days, chicken breast muscles and blood samples were analyzed for the antioxidant enzyme activity (catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD)), carnosine and anserine content, amino acid profile, and anti-radical activity (ABTS, DPPH, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP)). The results of the study showed that carnosine supplementation effectively increased body weight and breast muscle share in chicken carcasses. Carnosine and L-histidine supplementation with or without β-alanine increased carnosine content in chicken breast muscles up to 20% (p = 0.003), but the boost seems to be too low to affect the potential antioxidant capacity and amino acid content. The β-alanine-enriched diet lowered dipeptide concentration in chicken blood serum (p = 0.002) and activated catalase in chicken breast muscles in relation to the control group (p = 0.003). It can be concluded that histidine or dipeptide supplementation of chicken diets differently affected the total antioxidant potential: in breast muscles, it increased dipeptide content, while in blood cell sediment (rich in erythrocytes), increased SOD and GPx activities were observed.
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5
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Al-Sawalha NA, Alshogran OY, Awawdeh MS, Almomani BA. The effects of l-Carnosine on development of metabolic syndrome in rats. Life Sci 2019; 237:116905. [PMID: 31610198 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) is increasing in several countries. The MetS is characterized by the occurrence of at least three of the following risk factors: decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, increased blood pressure, raised fasting blood glucose, elevated triglycerides, and abdominal obesity. There is a growing evidence of the role of l-carnosine in improving lipid profile and enhancement of the antioxidant activity. However, the effects of l-carnosine on development of MetS are unknown. MAIN METHODS Male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to receive either; conventional diet (control), high-fat high-carbohydrate diet (HFHCD), l-carnosine and conventional diet (L-Car), or l-carnosine and high-fat high-carbohydrate diet (HFHCD and L-Car) for 16 weeks. Central obesity, systolic blood pressure, lipid profile, glucose hemostasis, levels of leptin and adiponectin were evaluated on week 16. KEY FINDINGS Rats that received HFHCD for 16 weeks showed MetS phenotype such as central obesity, increased blood pressure and glucose, as well as an altered lipid profile (P < 0.05). l-Carnosine supplementation to MetS rats significantly reduced abdominal obesity, blood pressure and glucose, and normalized total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (P < 0.05). Insulin, leptin and adiponectin concentrations were not affected by l-Carnosine (P > 0.05). SIGNIFICANCE l-carnosine has beneficial effects on ameliorating the manifestations of MetS in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nour A Al-Sawalha
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan.
| | - Osama Y Alshogran
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Mofleh S Awawdeh
- Department of Veterinary Pathology & Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Basima A Almomani
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
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6
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Berezhnoy DS, Stvolinsky SL, Lopachev AV, Devyatov AA, Lopacheva OM, Kulikova OI, Abaimov DA, Fedorova TN. Carnosine as an effective neuroprotector in brain pathology and potential neuromodulator in normal conditions. Amino Acids 2018; 51:139-150. [PMID: 30353356 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-018-2667-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Carnosine (b-alanyl-L-histidine) is an endogenous dipeptide widely distributed in excitable tissues, such as muscle and neural tissues-though in minor concentrations in the latter. Multiple benefits have been attributed to carnosine: direct and indirect antioxidant effect, antiglycating, metal-chelating, chaperone and pH-buffering activity. Thus, carnosine turns out to be a multipotent protector against oxidative damage. However, the role of carnosine in the brain remains unclear. The key aspects concerning carnosine in the brain reviewed are as follows: its concentration and bioavailability, mechanisms of action in neuronal and glial cells, beneficial effects in human studies. Recent literature data and the results of our own research are summarized here. This review covers studies of carnosine effects on both in vitro and in vivo models of cerebral damage, such as neurodegenerative disorders and ischemic injuries and the data on its physiological actions on neuronal signaling and cerebral functions. Besides its antioxidant and homeostatic properties, new potential roles of carnosine in the brain are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- D S Berezhnoy
- Research Center of Neurology, Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Neurochemistry, Volokolamskoe Shosse, 80, Moscow, 125367, Russia. .,Faculty of Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia.
| | - S L Stvolinsky
- Research Center of Neurology, Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Neurochemistry, Volokolamskoe Shosse, 80, Moscow, 125367, Russia
| | - A V Lopachev
- Research Center of Neurology, Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Neurochemistry, Volokolamskoe Shosse, 80, Moscow, 125367, Russia
| | - A A Devyatov
- Research Center of Neurology, Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Neurochemistry, Volokolamskoe Shosse, 80, Moscow, 125367, Russia
| | - O M Lopacheva
- Research Center of Neurology, Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Neurochemistry, Volokolamskoe Shosse, 80, Moscow, 125367, Russia
| | - O I Kulikova
- Research Center of Neurology, Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Neurochemistry, Volokolamskoe Shosse, 80, Moscow, 125367, Russia.,Faculty of Ecology, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, 117198, Russia
| | - D A Abaimov
- Research Center of Neurology, Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Neurochemistry, Volokolamskoe Shosse, 80, Moscow, 125367, Russia
| | - T N Fedorova
- Research Center of Neurology, Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Neurochemistry, Volokolamskoe Shosse, 80, Moscow, 125367, Russia
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7
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The involvement of sympathetic nervous system in essence of chicken-facilitated physiological adaption and circadian resetting. Life Sci 2018; 201:54-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.03.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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8
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Fadda LM, Mohamed AM, Ali HM, Hagar H, Aldossari M. Prophylactic administration of carnosine and melatonin abates the incidence of renal toxicity induced by an over dose of titanium dioxide nanoparticles. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2018; 32:e22040. [PMID: 29469982 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The alleviative effects of two antioxidants, carnosine (Car) and melatonin (Mel), against titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 -NPs) toxicity-induced oxidative and inflammatory renal damage were examined in rats. Administration of these antioxidants along with TiO2 -NPs effectively reduced serum urea, uric acid, creatinine, glucose, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, C-reactive protein, immunoglobulin G, vascular endothelial growth factor, and nitric oxide, as well as a significant amelioration of the decrease in glutathione levels in renal tissue was observed, compared to those in rats treated with TiO2 -NPs alone. The renoprotective properties of the antioxidants were confirmed by reduced intensity of renal damage as demonstrated by histological findings. In conclusion, Car and Mel play protective roles against TiO2 -NPs-induced renal inflammation and oxidative injury, likely due to their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laila Mohamed Fadda
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Azza M Mohamed
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science-Al Faisaliah, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,Therapeutic Chemistry Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Egypt
| | - Hanaa Mahmoud Ali
- Genetic and Cytology Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Egypt.,Common First Year Deanship, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanan Hagar
- Pharmacology Unit (31), Medical College and King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Manal Aldossari
- Master degree student at Pharmacology Department; Faculty of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, KSA
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9
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Aydın AF, Bingül İ, Küçükgergin C, Doğan-Ekici I, Doğru Abbasoğlu S, Uysal M. Carnosine decreased oxidation and glycation products in serum and liver of high-fat diet and low-dose streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Int J Exp Pathol 2017; 98:278-288. [PMID: 29205589 DOI: 10.1111/iep.12252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
High-fat diet (HFD) and low-dose streptozotocin (STZ)-treated rats provide useful animal model for type II diabetes mellitus. Oxidative stress and advanced glycation end products (AGEs) play a role in the development of diabetic complications. Carnosine (CAR) has anti-oxidant and anti-glycating properties. We investigated the effects of CAR on oxidation and glycation products in HFD+STZ rats. Rats were fed with HFD (60% of total calories from fat) for 4 weeks, and then a single dose of STZ (40 mg/kg; i.p.) was applied. Rats with blood glucose levels above 200 mg/dl were fed with HFD until the end of the 12th week. CAR (250 mg/kg body weight; i.p.; five times a week) was administered to the rats for the last four weeks. CAR significantly decreased serum triglyceride (TG) (57.7%), cholesterol (35.6%) levels and hepatic marker enzyme activities of HFD+STZ rats. It significantly reduced serum reactive oxygen species (ROS) (23.7%), AGEs (13.4%) and advanced oxidized protein products (AOPP) (35.9%) and hepatic TG (59%), ROS (26%), malondialdehyde (MDA) (11.5%), protein carbonyl (PC) (19.2%) and AGE (20.2%) levels. Liver steatosis and hepatocyte ballooning were also significantly reduced. However, CAR treatment did not alter serum glucose and blood glycated haemoglobin and hepatic anti-oxidant enzyme activities/mRNA expressions in HFD+STZ rats. Our results indicate that CAR decreased accumulation of oxidation and glycation products, such as MDA, AGE, AOPP and PC in the serum and liver and ameliorated hepatic dysfunction in HFD+STZ rats. This effect may be related to its anti-oxidative, anti-glycating, and anti-lipogenic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - İlknur Bingül
- Istanbul Medical Faculty, Department of Biochemistry, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Canan Küçükgergin
- Istanbul Medical Faculty, Department of Biochemistry, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Işın Doğan-Ekici
- Department of Pathology, Yeditepe University Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Semra Doğru Abbasoğlu
- Istanbul Medical Faculty, Department of Biochemistry, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Müjdat Uysal
- Istanbul Medical Faculty, Department of Biochemistry, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Stegen S, Stegen B, Aldini G, Altomare A, Cannizzaro L, Orioli M, Gerlo S, Deldicque L, Ramaekers M, Hespel P, Derave W. Plasma carnosine, but not muscle carnosine, attenuates high-fat diet-induced metabolic stress. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2016; 40:868-76. [PMID: 26307517 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2015-0042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
There is growing in vivo evidence that the dipeptide carnosine has protective effects in metabolic diseases. A critical unanswered question is whether its site of action is tissues or plasma. This was investigated using oral carnosine versus β-alanine supplementation in a high-fat diet rat model. Thirty-six male Sprague-Dawley rats received a control diet (CON), a high-fat diet (HF; 60% of energy from fat), the HF diet with 1.8% carnosine (HFcar), or the HF diet with 1% β-alanine (HFba), as β-alanine can increase muscle carnosine without increasing plasma carnosine. Insulin sensitivity, inflammatory signaling, and lipoxidative stress were determined in skeletal muscle and blood. In a pilot study, urine was collected. The 3 HF groups were significantly heavier than the CON group. Muscle carnosine concentrations increased equally in the HFcar and HFba groups, while elevated plasma carnosine levels and carnosine-4-hydroxy-2-nonenal adducts were detected only in the HFcar group. Elevated plasma and urine N(ε)-(carboxymethyl)lysine in HF rats was reduced by ∼50% in the HFcar group but not in the HFba group. Likewise, inducible nitric oxide synthase mRNA was decreased by 47% (p < 0.05) in the HFcar group, but not in the HFba group, compared with HF rats. We conclude that plasma carnosine, but not muscle carnosine, is involved in preventing early-stage lipoxidation in the circulation and inflammatory signaling in the muscle of rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanne Stegen
- a Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Ghent University, Watersportlaan 2, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bram Stegen
- a Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Ghent University, Watersportlaan 2, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Giancarlo Aldini
- b Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Altomare
- b Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Cannizzaro
- b Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Marica Orioli
- b Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Sarah Gerlo
- c VIB Department of Medical Protein Research, Ghent University, Albert Baertsoenkaai 3, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Louise Deldicque
- d Department of Kinesiology, Research Group in Exercise Physiology, KU Leuven, Tervuursevest 101, Box 1500, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Monique Ramaekers
- d Department of Kinesiology, Research Group in Exercise Physiology, KU Leuven, Tervuursevest 101, Box 1500, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Peter Hespel
- d Department of Kinesiology, Research Group in Exercise Physiology, KU Leuven, Tervuursevest 101, Box 1500, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wim Derave
- a Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Ghent University, Watersportlaan 2, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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11
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Baye E, Ukropcova B, Ukropec J, Hipkiss A, Aldini G, de Courten B. Physiological and therapeutic effects of carnosine on cardiometabolic risk and disease. Amino Acids 2016; 48:1131-49. [PMID: 26984320 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-016-2208-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Obesity, type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) are the most common preventable causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. They represent major public health threat to our society. Increasing prevalence of obesity and T2DM contributes to escalating morbidity and mortality from CVD and stroke. Carnosine (β-alanyl-L-histidine) is a dipeptide with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-glycation, anti-ischaemic and chelating roles and is available as an over-the-counter food supplement. Animal evidence suggests that carnosine may offer many promising therapeutic benefits for multiple chronic diseases due to these properties. Carnosine, traditionally used in exercise physiology to increase exercise performance, has potential preventative and therapeutic benefits in obesity, insulin resistance, T2DM and diabetic microvascular and macrovascular complications (CVD and stroke) as well as number of neurological and mental health conditions. However, relatively little evidence is available in humans. Thus, future studies should focus on well-designed clinical trials to confirm or refute a potential role of carnosine in the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases in humans, in addition to advancing knowledge from the basic science and animal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estifanos Baye
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, 43-51 Kanooka Grove, Clayton, Melbourne, VIC, 3168, Australia.,Department of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Barbara Ukropcova
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia.,Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jozef Ukropec
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Alan Hipkiss
- School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - Giancarlo Aldini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Barbora de Courten
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, 43-51 Kanooka Grove, Clayton, Melbourne, VIC, 3168, Australia. .,Diabetes and Vascular Medicine Unit, Monash Health, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia.
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12
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Forsberg EA, Botusan IR, Wang J, Peters V, Ansurudeen I, Brismar K, Catrina SB. Carnosine decreases IGFBP1 production in db/db mice through suppression of HIF-1. J Endocrinol 2015; 225:159-67. [PMID: 25869614 DOI: 10.1530/joe-14-0571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
IGF binding protein 1 (IGFBP1) is a member of the binding proteins for the IGF with an important role in glucose homeostasis. Circulating IGFBP1 is derived essentially from the liver where it is mainly regulated negatively by insulin. Carnosine, a natural antioxidant, has been shown to improve metabolic control in different animal models of diabetes but its mechanisms of action are still not completely unraveled. We therefore investigate the effect of carnosine treatment on the IGFBP1 regulation in db/db mice. Db/db mice and heterozygous non-diabetic mice received for 4 weeks regular water or water supplemented with carnosine. Igfbp1 mRNA expression in the liver was evaluated using qPCR and the protein levels in plasma by western blot. Plasma IGF1 and insulin were analyzed using immunoassays. HepG2 cells were used to study the in vitro effect of carnosine on IGFBP1. The modulation of hypoxia inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) which is the central mediator of hypoxia-induction of IGFBP1 was analyzed using: WB, reporter gene assay and qPCR. Carnosine decreased the circulating IGFBP1 levels and the liver expression Igfbp1, through a complex mechanism acting both directly by suppressing the HIF-1α-mediated IGFBP1 induction and indirectly through increasing circulating insulin level followed by a decrease in the blood glucose levels and increased the plasma levels or IGF1. Reduction of IGFBP1 in diabetes through insulin-dependent and insulin-independent pathways is a novel mechanism by which carnosine contributes to the improvement of the metabolic control in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabete A Forsberg
- The Rolf Luft Research Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden Department of Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ileana R Botusan
- The Rolf Luft Research Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden Department of Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jing Wang
- The Rolf Luft Research Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden Department of Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Verena Peters
- The Rolf Luft Research Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden Department of Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ishrath Ansurudeen
- The Rolf Luft Research Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden Department of Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kerstin Brismar
- The Rolf Luft Research Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden Department of Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany The Rolf Luft Research Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden Department of Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sergiu Bogdan Catrina
- The Rolf Luft Research Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden Department of Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany The Rolf Luft Research Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden Department of Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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Horii Y, Fujisaki Y, Fuyuki R, Nagai K. l-Carnosine’s dose-dependent effects on muscle sympathetic nerves and blood flow. Neurosci Lett 2015; 591:144-148. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2015.02.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Revised: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Kai S, Watanabe G, Kubota M, Kadowaki M, Fujimura S. Effect of dietary histidine on contents of carnosine and anserine in muscles of broilers. Anim Sci J 2014; 86:541-6. [DOI: 10.1111/asj.12322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shinichi Kai
- Graduate School of Science and Technology; Niigata University; Niigata Japan
| | - Genya Watanabe
- Graduate School of Science and Technology; Niigata University; Niigata Japan
| | - Masatoshi Kubota
- Center for Transdisciplinary Research; Niigata University; Niigata Japan
| | - Motoni Kadowaki
- Graduate School of Science and Technology; Niigata University; Niigata Japan
- Center for Transdisciplinary Research; Niigata University; Niigata Japan
| | - Shinobu Fujimura
- Graduate School of Science and Technology; Niigata University; Niigata Japan
- Center for Transdisciplinary Research; Niigata University; Niigata Japan
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15
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The effect of l-carnosine on the circadian resetting of clock genes in the heart of rats. Mol Biol Rep 2014; 42:87-94. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-014-3745-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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16
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Nagai K, Niijima A, Horii Y, Shen J, Tanida M. Olfactory stimulatory with grapefruit and lavender oils change autonomic nerve activity and physiological function. Auton Neurosci 2014; 185:29-35. [PMID: 25002406 DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2014.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2013] [Revised: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes the effects of olfactory stimulation with grapefruit and lavender oils on autonomic nerve activity and physiological function. Olfactory stimulation with the scent of grapefruit oil (GFO) increases the activity of sympathetic nerves that innervate white and brown adipose tissues, the adrenal glands, and the kidneys, decreases the activity of the gastric vagal nerve in rats and mice. This results in an increase in lipolysis, thermogenesis, and blood pressure, and a decrease in food intake. Olfactory stimulation with the scent of lavender oil (LVO) elicits the opposite changes in nerve activity and physiological variables. Olfactory stimulation with scent of limonene, a component of GFO, and linalool, a component of LVO, has similar effects to stimulation with GFO and LVO, respectively. The histamine H1-receptor antagonist, diphenhydramine, abolishes all GFO-induced changes in nerve activity and physiological variables, and the hitstamine H3-receptor antagonist, thioperamide, eliminates all LVO-induced changes. Lesions to the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus and anosmic treatment with ZnSO4 also abolish all GFO- and LVO-induced changes. These findings indicate that limonene and linalool might be the active substances in GFO and LVO, and suggest that the suprachiasmatic nucleus and histamine are involved in mediating the GFO- and LVO-induced changes in nerve activity and physiological variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuya Nagai
- ANBAS Corporation, 4-12-17 Toyosaki, Kita-Ku, Osaka 531-0072, Japan; Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Japan.
| | | | - Yuko Horii
- ANBAS Corporation, 4-12-17 Toyosaki, Kita-Ku, Osaka 531-0072, Japan; Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Japan
| | - Jiao Shen
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Japan
| | - Mamoru Tanida
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Japan; Kanazawa Medical University, Japan
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Brown BE, Kim CHJ, Torpy FR, Bursill CA, McRobb LS, Heather AK, Davies MJ, van Reyk DM. Supplementation with carnosine decreases plasma triglycerides and modulates atherosclerotic plaque composition in diabetic apo E(-/-) mice. Atherosclerosis 2013; 232:403-9. [PMID: 24468155 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2013.11.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2013] [Revised: 11/08/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Carnosine has been shown to modulate triglyceride and glycation levels in cell and animal systems. In this study we investigated whether prolonged supplementation with carnosine inhibits atherosclerosis and markers of lesion stability in hyperglycaemic and hyperlipidaemic mice. METHODS Streptozotocin-induced diabetic apo E(-/-) mice were maintained for 20 weeks, post-induction of diabetes. Half of the animals received carnosine (2g/L) in their drinking water. Diabetes was confirmed by significant increases in blood glucose and glycated haemoglobin, plasma triglyceride and total cholesterol levels, brachiocephalic artery and aortic sinus plaque area; and lower body mass. RESULTS Prolonged carnosine supplementation resulted in a significant (∼20-fold) increase in plasma carnosine levels, and a significant (∼23%) lowering of triglyceride levels in the carnosine-supplemented groups regardless of glycaemic status. Supplementation did not affect glycaemic status, blood cholesterol levels or loss of body mass. In the diabetic mice, carnosine supplementation did not diminish measured plaque area, but reduced the area of plaque occupied by extracellular lipid (∼60%) and increased both macrophage numbers (∼70%) and plaque collagen content (∼50%). The area occupied by α-actin-positive smooth muscle cells was not significantly increased. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that in a well-established model of diabetes-associated atherosclerosis, prolonged carnosine supplementation enhances plasma levels, and has novel and significant effects on atherosclerotic lesion lipid, collagen and macrophage levels. These data are consistent with greater lesion stability, a key goal in treatment of existing cardiovascular disease. Carnosine supplementation may therefore be of benefit in lowering triglyceride levels and suppressing plaque instability in diabetes-associated atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bronwyn E Brown
- Free Radical Group, Heart Research Institute, 7 Eliza Street, Newtown, NSW 2042, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Christine H J Kim
- Free Radical Group, Heart Research Institute, 7 Eliza Street, Newtown, NSW 2042, Australia.
| | - Fraser R Torpy
- School of the Environment, University of Technology, Sydney, PO Box 123, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia.
| | - Christina A Bursill
- Immunobiology Group, Heart Research Institute, 7 Eliza Street, Newtown, NSW 2042, Australia.
| | - Lucinda S McRobb
- Gene Regulation Group, Heart Research Institute, 7 Eliza Street, Newtown, NSW 2042, Australia.
| | - Alison K Heather
- Gene Regulation Group, Heart Research Institute, 7 Eliza Street, Newtown, NSW 2042, Australia; School of Medical and Molecular Biosciences, University of Technology, Sydney, PO Box 123, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia.
| | - Michael J Davies
- Free Radical Group, Heart Research Institute, 7 Eliza Street, Newtown, NSW 2042, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - David M van Reyk
- School of Medical and Molecular Biosciences, University of Technology, Sydney, PO Box 123, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia.
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18
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Kubomura D, Matahira Y, Nagai K, Niijima A. Effect of anserine ingestion on the hyperglycemia and autonomic nerves in rats and humans. Nutr Neurosci 2013; 13:123-8. [DOI: 10.1179/147683010x12611460764048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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19
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Invernizzi PL, Benedini S, Saronni S, Merati G, Bosio A. The Acute Administration of Carnosine and Beta-Alanine Does Not Improve Running Anaerobic Performance and has No Effect on the Metabolic Response to Exercise. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.4236/ape.2013.34028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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20
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Abstract
The special flavor and health effects of chicken essence are being widely accepted by people. Scientific researches are revealing its truth as a tonic food in traditional health preservation. Chicken essence has been found to possess many bioactivities including relief of stress and fatigue, amelioration of anxiety, promotion of metabolisms and post-partum lactation, improvement on hyperglycemia and hypertension, enhancement of immune, and so on. These activities of chicken essence are suggested to be related with its active components, including proteins, dipeptides (such as carnosine and anserine), polypeptides, minerals, trace elements, and multiple amino acids, and so on. Underlying mechanisms responsible for the bioactivities of chicken essence are mainly related with anti-stress, anti-oxidant, and neural regulation effects. However, the mechanisms are complicated and may be mediated via the combined actions of many active components, more than the action of 1 or 2 components alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y F Li
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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21
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Role of l-carnosine in the control of blood glucose, blood pressure, thermogenesis, and lipolysis by autonomic nerves in rats: involvement of the circadian clock and histamine. Amino Acids 2012; 43:97-109. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-012-1251-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2011] [Accepted: 02/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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22
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Miyaji K, Ohta M, Nagao K, Ohtani N, Bannai M. The seasonal fluctuation of plasma amino acids in aquarium-maintained bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus). J Vet Med Sci 2012; 74:871-7. [PMID: 22333514 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.11-0492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Although there has been extensive research on plasma amino acid profiles of mammals, there is currently a lack of information on seasonal differences in the concentrations of plasma amino acids specifically in cetaceans. The present study examined the response of the plasma amino acids to seasonal changes in the culture environment after controlling for the effect of sex and age. Significant seasonal changes in plasma carnosine (P=0.012), cystine (P=0.0014), isoleucine (P=0.0042), methionine (P=0.002), ornithine (P=0.0096), and taurine (P=0.032) were observed. These amino acids were mainly related to capacity for exercise, ammonia detoxification, thermoregulation, and osmoregulation. We proposed that optimizing plasma amino acids levels by supplementation of amino acids should be of considerable benefit for aquarium-maintained bottlenose dolphins. This study constitutes a first step towards improving our understanding of the metabolism of aquarium-maintained bottlenose dolphins. We also revealed that the ratio of tryptophan to large neutral amino acids significantly declined (P=0.0076), suggesting reduction in serotonin synthesis in winter and autumn. Although further studies are needed, this finding implied that bottlenose dolphins could produce behavioral changes seasonally by the alteration of serotonin activity. To better understand the metabolic machinery for amino acids that facilitate the adaptation of marine mammals to their environments, it is essential to continue monitoring of and further investigations into relationships between plasma amino acids and specific environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Miyaji
- Azabu University School of Veterinary Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
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23
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Horii Y, Shen J, Fujisaki Y, Yoshida K, Nagai K. Effects of L-carnosine on splenic sympathetic nerve activity and tumor proliferation. Neurosci Lett 2012; 510:1-5. [PMID: 22240100 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2011.12.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2011] [Revised: 12/20/2011] [Accepted: 12/28/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
l-Carnosine (β-alanyl-l-histidine), a dipeptide of the amino acids β-alanine and histidine, is found in mammalian tissues including those in the central nervous system and in skeletal muscles. In the present study, we examined the effects of intraduodenal (ID) injection of l-carnosine on splenic sympathetic nerve activity (splenic-SNA) in urethane-anesthetized rats and found that ID injection of 3.3mg/kg of body weight of l-carnosine significantly suppressed splenic-SNA. Since it has been suggested that splenic-SNA reduction increases natural killer (NK) activity of splenic cells, which in turn elevates tumor immunity, we then investigated the effect of l-carnosine on the proliferation of human colon cancer cells transplanted into athymic nude mice. The findings of this study revealed that 1mg/mL of l-carnosine solution given as the only drinking water inhibited tumor proliferation. These results suggest that l-carnosine suppresses splenic-SNA and inhibits cancer cell proliferation, probably by elevating NK activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Horii
- ANBAS Corporation, 4-12-17, Toyosaki, Kita-Ku, Osaka 531-0072, Japan.
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25
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Tanida M, Nagai K. Electrophysiological analysis of the mechanism of autonomic action by lactobacilli. Biosci Microflora 2011; 30:99-109. [PMID: 25045315 PMCID: PMC4103637 DOI: 10.12938/bifidus.30.99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Autonomic nerves, consisting of both sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves, regulate various bodily functions such as blood pressure, body temperature, glucose metabolism, energy metabolism, and digestion. Our studies in rats and mice have demonstrated that food, flavor, and music affect physiological phenomena via changes in autonomic neurotransmissions. Intestinal injection of Lactobacillus johnsonii La1 (NCC533) suppressed sympathetic nerves that innervate the adrenal gland and kidney of urethane-anesthetized rats, lowering blood glucose and blood pressure levels, and excited the gastric parasympathetic nerve, elevating appetite and body weight. In contrast, intestinal injection of Lactobacillus paracasei ST11 (NCC2461) excited sympathetic nerves that innervate white and brown fat and the adrenal gland, increasing lipolysis and body temperature, and suppressed the gastric parasympathetic nerve, reducing appetite and body weight. Interestingly, we found that the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), a master circadian clock, and histamine receptors in histaminergic neurons play important roles in peripheral autonomic control. To investigate the possible role of SCN and histamine receptors in lactobacilli-mediated pathology, we created an SCN-lesion model and experimented with histaminergic blocker injections. SCN lesion or injection of thioperamide, a histamine H3-receptor antagonist, eliminated the suppression of renal sympathetic nerve activity by NCC533, preventing blood pressure decline, and inhibited the enhancement of the gastric parasympathetic nerve induced by NCC533. In addition, diphenhydramine, a histamine H1-receptor antagonist, abolished the increases in renal sympathetic nerve activity and blood pressure caused by NCC2461. Infradiaphragmatic vagotomy eliminated the suppression of renal sympathetic nerve activity by NCC533, but did not affect the excitation of the renal sympathetic nerve by NCC2461. Collectively, these findings strongly suggest that SCN and histamine neurons are involved in the lactobacilli-mediated pathology of autonomic nerves and related physiological changes through abdominal afferent vagal pathway input to the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamoru Tanida
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
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Kim MY, Kim EJ, Kim YN, Choi C, Lee BH. Effects of α-lipoic acid and L-carnosine supplementation on antioxidant activities and lipid profiles in rats. Nutr Res Pract 2011; 5:421-8. [PMID: 22125679 PMCID: PMC3221827 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2011.5.5.421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2011] [Revised: 10/08/2011] [Accepted: 10/11/2011] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
α-Lipoic acid and L-carnosine are powerful antioxidants and are often used as a health supplement and as an ergogenic aid. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of α-lipoic acid and/or L-carnosine supplementation on antioxidant activity in serum, skin, and liver of rats and blood lipid profiles for 6 weeks. Four treatment groups received diets containing regular rat chow diet (control, CON), 0.5% α-lipoic acid (ALA), 0.25% α-lipoic acid + 0.25% L-carnosine (ALA + LC), or 0.5% L-carnosine (LC). Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and lipid peroxidation products, malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations, were analyzed in serum, skin, and liver. Blood lipid profiles were measured, including triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). Skin and liver SOD activities of the ALA and LC groups were higher than those of the CON group (P < 0.05), but serum SOD activity was higher only in the LC group compared to that in the CON group (P < 0.05). Additionally, only liver GSH-Px activity in the LC group was higher than that of the CON and the other groups. Serum and skin MDA levels in the ALA and LC groups were lower than those in the CON group (P < 0.05). Serum TG and TC in the ALA and ALA + LC groups were lower than those in the CON and LC groups (P < 0.05). The HDL-C level in the LC group was higher than that in any other group (P < 0.05). LDL-C level was lower in the ALA + LC and LC groups than that in the CON group (P < 0.05). Thus, α-lipoic acid and L-carnosine supplementation increased antioxidant activity, decreased lipid peroxidation in the serum, liver, and skin of rats and positively modified blood lipid profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Young Kim
- Department of Food & Nutrition, Chung-Ang University, 4726 Seodong-daero, Daedeok-myeon, Anseong-si, Gyeonggi 456-756, Korea
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Horii Y, Tanida M, Shen J, Fujisaki Y, Fuyuki R, Hashimoto K, Niijima A, Nakashima T, Nagai K. Skin application of urea-containing cream affected cutaneous arterial sympathetic nerve activity, blood flow, and water evaporation. Skin Res Technol 2011; 17:75-81. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0846.2010.00469.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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28
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Kubomura D, Matahira Y, Nagai K, Niijima A. Effect of anserine ingestion on hyperglycemia and the autonomic nerves in rats and humans. Nutr Neurosci 2010; 13:183-8. [PMID: 20670474 DOI: 10.1179/147683010x12611460764363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Anserine and L-carnosine are similar dipeptides synthesized by muscles of vertebrates. The functional role of anserine is unknown, although previous studies showed hypoglycemic effects of carnosine through autonomic nerves. Thus, we evaluated the effects of anserine on blood glucose levels and the neural activities. Intraperitoneal administration of specific doses of anserine to hyperglycemic rats reduced hyperglycemia and plasma glucagon concentrations, whereas thioperamide eliminated the effects of anserine. Intraduodenal injection of 0.1 mg anserine to anesthetized rats after laparotomy suppressed sympathetic nerve activity and enhanced activity of the vagal gastric efferent. In addition, oral administration of anserine reduced blood glucose levels during oral glucose tolerance testing in humans. These results suggest the possibility that anserine might be a control factor for the blood glucose, and that histaminergic nerves may be involved in the hypoglycemic effects of anserine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiki Kubomura
- R&D Functional Food Division, Yaizu Suisankagaku Industry Co. Ltd, Shizuoka, Japan.
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29
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Effect of BRAND’s Essence of Chicken on the resetting process of circadian clocks in rats subjected to experimental jet lag. Mol Biol Rep 2010; 38:1533-40. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-010-0261-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2009] [Accepted: 09/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Derave W, Everaert I, Beeckman S, Baguet A. Muscle carnosine metabolism and beta-alanine supplementation in relation to exercise and training. Sports Med 2010; 40:247-63. [PMID: 20199122 DOI: 10.2165/11530310-000000000-00000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Carnosine is a dipeptide with a high concentration in mammalian skeletal muscle. It is synthesized by carnosine synthase from the amino acids L-histidine and beta-alanine, of which the latter is the rate-limiting precursor, and degraded by carnosinase. Recent studies have shown that the chronic oral ingestion of beta-alanine can substantially elevate (up to 80%) the carnosine content of human skeletal muscle. Interestingly, muscle carnosine loading leads to improved performance in high-intensity exercise in both untrained and trained individuals. Although carnosine is not involved in the classic adenosine triphosphate-generating metabolic pathways, this suggests an important role of the dipeptide in the homeostasis of contracting muscle cells, especially during high rates of anaerobic energy delivery. Carnosine may attenuate acidosis by acting as a pH buffer, but improved contractile performance may also be obtained by improved excitation-contraction coupling and defence against reactive oxygen species. High carnosine concentrations are found in individuals with a high proportion of fast-twitch fibres, because these fibres are enriched with the dipeptide. Muscle carnosine content is lower in women, declines with age and is probably lower in vegetarians, whose diets are deprived of beta-alanine. Sprint-trained athletes display markedly high muscular carnosine, but the acute effect of several weeks of training on muscle carnosine is limited. High carnosine levels in elite sprinters are therefore either an important genetically determined talent selection criterion or a result of slow adaptation to years of training. beta-Alanine is rapidly developing as a popular ergogenic nutritional supplement for athletes worldwide, and the currently available scientific literature suggests that its use is evidence based. However, many aspects of the supplement, such as the potential side effects and the mechanism of action, require additional and thorough investigation by the sports science community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wim Derave
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
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31
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Regulation of autonomic nerve activities by central pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 161:73-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.regpep.2010.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2009] [Revised: 01/18/2010] [Accepted: 02/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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32
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Tanida M, Shen J, Nagai K. Possible role of the histaminergic system in autonomic and cardiovascular responses to neuropeptide Y. Neuropeptides 2009; 43:21-9. [PMID: 18996592 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2008.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2008] [Revised: 09/18/2008] [Accepted: 09/30/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that neuropeptide Y (NPY) affects blood pressure (BP) in anesthetized rats. Here, we examined the effects of the third cerebral ventricular (3CV) injection of various doses of NPY on renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) and BP in anesthetized rats. 3CV injection of NPY suppressed RSNA and BP in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, suppressing effects of NPY on RSNA and BP were eliminated by lateral cerebral ventricular (LCV) preinjection of thioperamide, an antagonist of histaminergic H3-receptor, not diphenhydramine, an antagonist of histaminergic H1-receptor. In addition, 3CV injection of NPY accelerated gastric vagal nerve activity (GVNA) and inhibited brown adipose tissue sympathetic nerve activity (BAT-SNA) of anesthetized rats, and lowered brown adipose tissue temperature (BAT-T) of conscious rats. Thus, these evidences suggest that central NPY affects autonomic nerves containing RSNA, GVNA or BAT-SNA, and BP by mediating central histaminergic H3-receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamoru Tanida
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan.
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Colocalization of a carnosine-splitting enzyme, tissue carnosinase (CN2)/cytosolic non-specific dipeptidase 2 (CNDP2), with histidine decarboxylase in the tuberomammillary nucleus of the hypothalamus. Neurosci Lett 2008; 445:166-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2008.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2008] [Revised: 09/03/2008] [Accepted: 09/03/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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34
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Unno H, Yamashita T, Ujita S, Okumura N, Otani H, Okumura A, Nagai K, Kusunoki M. Structural Basis for Substrate Recognition and Hydrolysis by Mouse Carnosinase CN2. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:27289-99. [DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m801657200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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35
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Tanida M, Gotoh H, Taniguchi H, Otani H, Shen J, Nakamura T, Tsuruoka N, Kiso Y, Okumura N, Nagai K. Effects of central injection of l-carnosine on sympathetic nerve activity innervating brown adipose tissue and body temperature in rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 144:62-71. [PMID: 17628717 DOI: 10.1016/j.regpep.2007.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2007] [Revised: 05/16/2007] [Accepted: 06/14/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, using urethane-anesthetized rats, we examined the effects of intralateral cerebral ventricular (LCV) injection of various doses of L-carnosine on neural activity innervating brown adipose tissue (BAT-SNA) and body temperature (BT). We found that injection of a low dose of L-carnosine (0.01 microg) suppressed BAT-SNA significantly. Conversely, a high dose (100 microg) of L-carnosine significantly elevated BAT-SNA. In the light period (14:00), brown adipose tissue temperature (BAT-T) and BT were suppressed after low and elevated after high dose injection of L-carnosine whereas in the dark period (2:00), these parameters remained unchanged with L-carnosine treatment. Bilateral lesions of the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) abolished the effects of low and high doses of L-carnosine on BAT-SNA, BAT-T and BT. Furthermore, high dose treatment with L-carnosine altered c-Fos induction in the SCN and the PVN. These results suggest that l-carnosine affects BAT-SNA, BAT-T and BT in a dose-dependent manner in the rat, and that the SCN may be involved in these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamoru Tanida
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
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. KS, . AM, . NM. Attenuation of Some Metabolic Deteriorations Induced by Diabetes Mellitus Using Carnosine. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.3923/jas.2007.2252.2260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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37
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Fouad AA, El-Rehany MAA, Maghraby HK. The hepatoprotective effect of carnosine against ischemia/reperfusion liver injury in rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2007; 572:61-8. [PMID: 17610873 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2007.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2007] [Revised: 05/26/2007] [Accepted: 06/04/2007] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The potential protective effect of the natural antioxidant, carnosine was evaluated against ischemia/reperfusion liver injury in rats. Ischemia was induced by clamping the pedicle supplying the left hepatic lobe for 60 min followed by reperfusion for 2 h. Untreated rats exposed to ischemia/reperfusion showed significant elevation of serum aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase levels, and malondialdehyde level and caspase-3 activity in liver homogenates associated with significant reduction in hepatic nitrite level, catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities as compared with sham-operated group. Pre-treatment with a single i.p. dose of carnosine (250 mg/kg), 30 min prior to the ischemic episode significantly attenuated the deterioration in the measured biochemical parameters observed with ischemia/reperfusion-induced liver injury. Also, light and electron microscopic examinations in ischemia/reperfusion untreated group revealed severe hepatic damage, such as cytoplasmic vacuolation, necrotic and apoptotic cell death, which was markedly ameliorated by pre-ischemic treatment with carnosine. These results strongly emphasize that carnosine can be useful as a prophylactic treatment to protect the liver against hypoxia-reoxygenation damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr A Fouad
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, El-Minia, Egypt.
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Zhu YY, Zhu-Ge ZB, Wu DC, Wang S, Liu LY, Ohtsu H, Chen Z. Carnosine inhibits pentylenetetrazol-induced seizures by histaminergic mechanisms in histidine decarboxylase knock-out mice. Neurosci Lett 2007; 416:211-6. [PMID: 17368719 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2007.01.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2006] [Revised: 12/08/2006] [Accepted: 01/05/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we used both histidine decarboxylase-deficient (HDC-KO) mice and wild-type (WT) mice to elucidate the possible role of carnosine in pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-induced seizures. In the acute PTZ challenge study, PTZ (75 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) to induce seizures. Carnosine (200, 500 or 1000 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly decreased seizure stage, and prolonged the latency for myoclonic jerks in WT mice in a dose-dependent manner. The effects of carnosine (500 mg/kg) were time-dependent and reached a peak at 1h. However, it had no significant effect on HDC-KO mice. Carnosine (500 mg/kg) also significantly elevated the thresholds in WT mice but not HDC-KO mice following intravenous (tail vein) administration of PTZ. We also found that alpha-fluoromethylhistidine substantially reversed the protective effects of carnosine in WT mice. In addition, carnosine pretreatment reduced the cortical EEG activity induced by PTZ (75 mg/kg, i.p.). These results indicate that carnosine can protect against PTZ-induced seizures and its action is mainly through the carnosine-histidine-histamine metabolic pathway. This suggests that carnosine may be an endogenous anticonvulsant factor in the brain and may be used as a new antiepileptic drug in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yuan Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, and Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Yamano T, Tanida M, Niijima A, Maeda K, Okumura N, Fukushima Y, Nagai K. Effects of the probiotic strain Lactobacillus johnsonii strain La1 on autonomic nerves and blood glucose in rats. Life Sci 2006; 79:1963-7. [PMID: 16893554 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2006.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2005] [Revised: 06/19/2006] [Accepted: 06/23/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Oral administration of Lactobacillus casei reportedly reduces blood glucose concentrations in a non-insulin-dependent diabetic KK-Ay mouse model. In order to determine if other lactobacillus strains affect glucose metabolism, we evaluated the effect of the probiotic strain Lactobacillus johnsonii La1 (LJLa1) strain on glucose metabolism in rats. Oral administration of LJLa1 via drinking water for 2 weeks inhibited the hyperglycemia induced by intracranial injection of 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2DG). We found that the hyperglucagonemic response induced by 2DG was also suppressed by LJLa1. Oral administration of LJLa1 for 2 weeks also reduced the elevation of blood glucose and glucagon levels after an oral glucose load in streptozotocin-diabetic rats. In addition, we recently observed that intraduodenal injection of LJLa1 reduced renal sympathetic nerve activity and enhanced gastric vagal nerve activity, suggesting that LJLa1 might affect glucose metabolism by changing autonomic nerve activity. Therefore, we evaluated the effect of intraduodenal administration of LJLa1 on adrenal sympathetic nerve activity (ASNA) in urethane-anesthetized rats, since the autonomic nervous system, including the adrenal sympathetic nerve, may be implicated in the control of the blood glucose levels. Indeed, we found that ASNA was suppressed by intraduodenal administration of LJLa1, suggesting that LJLa1 might improve glucose tolerance by reducing glucagon secretion via alteration of autonomic nerve activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiko Yamano
- Division of Protein Metabolism, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, 3-2 Yamada-Oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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40
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Yamashita T, Unno H, Ujita S, Otani H, Okumura N, Hashida-Okumura A, Nagai K, Kusunoki M. Crystallization and preliminary crystallographic study of carnosinase CN2 from mice. Acta Crystallogr Sect F Struct Biol Cryst Commun 2006; 62:996-8. [PMID: 17012794 PMCID: PMC2225185 DOI: 10.1107/s1744309106034701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2006] [Accepted: 08/29/2006] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian tissues contain several histidine-containing dipeptides, of which L-carnosine is the best characterized and is found in various tissues including the brain and skeletal muscles. However, the mechanism for its biosynthesis and degradation have not yet been fully elucidated. Crystallographic study of carnosinase CN2 from mouse has been undertaken in order to understand its enzymatic mechanism from a structural viewpoint. CN2 was crystallized by the hanging-drop vapour-diffusion technique using PEG 3350 as a precipitant. Crystals were obtained in complex with either Mn(2+) or Zn(2+). Both crystals of CN2 belong to the monoclinic space group P2(1) and have almost identical unit-cell parameters (a = 54.41, b = 199.77, c = 55.49 A, beta = 118.52 degrees for the Zn(2+) complex crystals). Diffraction data were collected to 1.7 and 2.3 A for Zn(2+) and Mn(2+) complex crystals, respectively, using synchrotron radiation. Structure determination is ongoing using the multiple-wavelength anomalous diffraction (MAD) method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuo Yamashita
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, 3-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hideaki Unno
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, 3-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Sayuri Ujita
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, 3-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiroto Otani
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, 3-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Okumura
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, 3-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Akiko Hashida-Okumura
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, 3-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Katsuya Nagai
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, 3-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masami Kusunoki
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, 3-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Correspondence e-mail:
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41
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Kurata H, Fujii T, Tsutsui H, Katayama T, Ohkita M, Takaoka M, Tsuruoka N, Kiso Y, Ohno Y, Fujisawa Y, Shokoji T, Nishiyama A, Abe Y, Matsumura Y. Renoprotective Effects of l-Carnosine on Ischemia/Reperfusion-Induced Renal Injury in Rats. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2006; 319:640-7. [PMID: 16916994 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.106.110122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined the renoprotective effects of l-carnosine (beta-alanyl-l-histidine) on ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-induced acute renal failure (ARF) in rats. Ischemic ARF was induced by occlusion of the left renal artery and vein for 45 min followed by reperfusion, 2 weeks after contralateral nephrectomy. In vehicle (0.9% saline)-treated rats, renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) was significantly augmented during the renal ischemia, and renal function was markedly decreased at 24 h after reperfusion. Intracerebroventricular injection of l-carnosine (1.5 and 5 pmol/rat) to ischemic ARF rats dose-dependently suppressed the augmented RSNA during ischemia and the renal injury at 24 h after reperfusion. N-alpha-Acetyl-l-carnosine [N-acetyl-beta-alanyl-l-histidine; 5 pmol/rat intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.)], which is resistant to enzymatic hydrolysis by carnosinase, did not affect the renal injury, and l-histidine (5 pmol/rat i.c.v.), a metabolite cleaved from l-carnosine by carnosinase, ameliorated the I/R-induced renal injury. Furthermore, a selective histamine H(3) receptor antagonist, thioperamide (30 nmol/rat i.c.v.) eliminated the preventing effects by l-carnosine (15 nmol/rat intravenously) on ischemic ARF. In contrast, a selective H(3) receptor agonist, R-alpha-methylhistamine (5 pmol/rat i.c.v.), prevented the I/R-induced renal injury as well as l-carnosine (5 pmol/rat) did. These results indicate that l-carnosine prevents the development of I/R-induced renal injury, and the effect is accompanied by suppressing the enhanced RSNA during ischemia. In addition, the present findings suggest that the renoprotective effect of l-carnosine on ischemic ARF is induced by its conversion to l-histidine and l-histamine and is mediated through the activation of histamine H(3) receptors in the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayato Kurata
- Department of Pharmacology, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan
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42
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. KMS, . MAH, . SAA. Hepatoprotective Effect of Carnosine on Liver Biochemical Parameters in Chronic Ethanol Intoxicated Rat. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2006. [DOI: 10.3923/jms.2006.528.536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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43
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TOMONAGA S, KANEKO K, KAJI Y, KIDO Y, DENBOW DM, FURUSE M. Dietary beta-alanine enhances brain, but not muscle, carnosine and anserine concentrations in broilers. Anim Sci J 2006. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1740-0929.2006.00323.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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44
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Tanida M, Yamano T, Maeda K, Okumura N, Fukushima Y, Nagai K. Effects of intraduodenal injection of Lactobacillus johnsonii La1 on renal sympathetic nerve activity and blood pressure in urethane-anesthetized rats. Neurosci Lett 2006; 389:109-14. [PMID: 16118039 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2005.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2005] [Revised: 07/14/2005] [Accepted: 07/16/2005] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Previously, it was shown that milk fermented with lactic acid bacteria lowers blood pressure, suggesting that metabolites or components of the bacteria have hypotensive action. To examine whether one of lactobacilli, Lactobacillus johnsonii La1 (LJLa1), a probiotic strain adhesive onto intestinal epithelial cells, or its metabolite has hypotensive action, and if so the mechanism of action, we determined the effects of intraduodenal injection of LJLa1 on blood pressure (BP) and the activity of autonomic nerves in urethane-anesthetized rats. Intraduodenal injection of LJLa1 reduced renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) and BP and enhanced gastric vagal nerve activity (GVNA). Pre-treatment with thioperamide, a histaminergic H3-receptor antagonist, eliminated the effects of LJLa1 on RSNA, GVNA, and BP. Furthermore, bilateral lesions of the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), the master circadian oscillator, abolished the suppression of RSNA and BP and the elevation of GVNA caused by LJLa1. These findings suggest that LJLa1 or its metabolites might lower BP by changing autonomic neurotransmission via the central histaminergic nerves and the suprachiasmatic nucleus in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamoru Tanida
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, 3-2 Yamada-Oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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45
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Tanida M, Niijima A, Shen J, Nakamura T, Nagai K. Olfactory stimulation with scent of essential oil of grapefruit affects autonomic neurotransmission and blood pressure. Brain Res 2005; 1058:44-55. [PMID: 16168968 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2005.07.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2005] [Revised: 07/22/2005] [Accepted: 07/25/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Previously, we observed that olfactory stimulation with scent of grapefruit oil (SGFO) enhances sympathetic nerve activities and suppresses gastric vagal (parasympathetic) nerve activity (GVNA), increases plasma glycerol concentration and body temperature, and decreases appetite in rats. Here, we show that olfactory stimulation with SGFO for 10 min elevates renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) and blood pressure (BP) and lowers GVNA in urethane-anesthetized rats. Olfactory stimulation with limonene, a major component of grapefruit oil, also elicited increases in RSNA and BP in urethane-anesthetized rats. Anosmic treatment with ZnSO(4) eliminated both the effects of SGFO and scent of limonene on RSNA and BP. Intracerebral administration of diphenhydramine, a histaminergic H1-antagonist, abolished SGFO- or scent of limonene-mediated increases in RSNA and BP as well as the decrease in GVNA. Moreover, bilateral lesions of the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) eliminated the SGFO- and limonene-mediated increases in RSNA and BP and decrease in GVNA, but bilateral lesions of the cerebral cortex did not have any affect on these parameters. These findings suggest that scent of grapefruit oil and its active component, limonene, affect autonomic neurotransmission and blood pressure through central histaminergic nerves and the suprachiasmatic nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamoru Tanida
- Division of Protein Metabolism, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
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46
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Hipkiss AR. Glycation, ageing and carnosine: Are carnivorous diets beneficial? Mech Ageing Dev 2005; 126:1034-9. [PMID: 15955546 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2005.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2005] [Revised: 05/02/2005] [Accepted: 05/06/2005] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Non-enzymic protein glycosylation (glycation) plays important roles in ageing and in diabetes and its secondary complications. Dietary constituents may play important roles in accelerating or suppressing glycation. It is suggested that carnivorous diets contain a potential anti-glycating agent, carnosine (beta-alanyl-histidine), whilst vegetarians may lack intake of the dipeptide. The possible beneficial effects of carnosine and related structures on protein carbonyl stress, AGE formation, secondary diabetic complications and age-related neuropathology are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan R Hipkiss
- Centre for Experimental Therapeutics, William Harvey Research Institute, John Vane Science Centre, Bart's and the London Queen Mary's School of Medicine and Dentistry, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK.
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47
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Shen J, Niijima A, Tanida M, Horii Y, Maeda K, Nagai K. Olfactory stimulation with scent of lavender oil affects autonomic nerves, lipolysis and appetite in rats. Neurosci Lett 2005; 383:188-93. [PMID: 15878236 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2005.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2005] [Revised: 03/23/2005] [Accepted: 04/03/2005] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In a previous study, we presented evidence that scent of grapefruit oil excites sympathetic nerves innervating white and brown adipose tissues and the adrenal gland, inhibits the vagal nerve innervating the stomach, increases lipolysis and heat production (energy consumption), and reduces appetite and body weight. Here, we examined the effects of olfactory stimulation with scent of lavender oil (SLVO) in rats and observed that in contrast to grapefruit oil, it inhibits the sympathetic nerves innervating the white and brown adipose tissues and adrenal gland and excites the parasympathetic gastric nerve. Local anesthesia of the nasal mucosa with xylocaine or anosmic treatment using ZnSO(4) eliminated the autonomic changes caused by SLVO. Moreover, stimulation with SLVO lowered the plasma glycerol level, and treatment with either ZnSO(4) or an intracranial injection of thioperamide, a histamine H3 receptor-antagonist, abolished SLVO-mediated glycerol decline. Furthermore, a 15-min daily exposure to SLVO increased food intake and body weight. Finally, linalool, a component of lavender oil, induced responses similar to those caused by SLVO, and the glycerol response to linalool was eliminated by thioperamide. Thus, scent of lavender oil and its active component, linalool, affect autonomic nerves, suppress lipolysis through a histaminergic response, and enhance appetite and body weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Shen
- Division of Protein Metabolism, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Japan
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48
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Tanida M, Niijima A, Fukuda Y, Sawai H, Tsuruoka N, Shen J, Yamada S, Kiso Y, Nagai K. Dose-dependent effects of l-carnosine on the renal sympathetic nerve and blood pressure in urethane-anesthetized rats. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2005; 288:R447-55. [PMID: 15498968 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00275.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The physiological function of l-carnosine (β-alanyl-l-histidine) synthesized in mammalian muscles has been unclear. Previously, we observed that intravenous (IV) injection of l-carnosine suppressed renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) in urethane-anesthetized rats, and l-carnosine administered via the diet inhibited the elevation of blood pressure (BP) in deoxycorticosterone acetate salt hypertensive rats. To identify the mechanism, we examined effects of IV or intralateral cerebral ventricular (LCV) injection of various doses of l-carnosine on RSNA and BP in urethane-anesthetized rats. Lower doses (1 μg IV; 0.01 μg LCV) of l-carnosine significantly suppressed RSNA and BP, whereas higher doses (100 μg IV; 10 μg LCV) elevated RSNA and BP. Furthermore, we examined effects of antagonists of histaminergic (H1 and H3) receptors on l-carnosine-induced effects. When peripherally and centrally given, thioperamide, an H3 receptor antagonist, blocked RSNA and BP decreases induced by the lower doses of peripheral l-carnosine, whereas diphenhydramine, an H1 receptor antagonist, inhibited increases induced by the higher doses of peripheral l-carnosine. Moreover, bilateral lesions of the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus eliminated both effects on RSNA and BP induced by the lower (1 μg) and higher (100 μg) doses of peripheral l-carnosine. These findings suggest that low-dose l-carnosine suppresses and high-dose l-carnosine stimulates RSNA and BP, that the suprachiasmatic nucleus and histaminergic nerve are involved in the activities, and that l-carnosine acts in the brain and possibly other organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamoru Tanida
- Division of Protein Metabolism, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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49
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Fujii T, Takaoka M, Tsuruoka N, Kiso Y, Tanaka T, Matsumura Y. Retraction:Dietary Supplementation of L-Carnosine Prevents Ischemia/Reperfusion-Induced Renal Injury in Rats. Biol Pharm Bull 2005; 28:361-3. [PMID: 15684500 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.28.361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The effects of dietary supplementation of L-carnosine (beta-alanyl-L-histidine) on ischemia/reperfusion-induced acute renal failure (ARF) in rats were examined. Ischemic ARF was induced by occlusion of the left renal artery and vein for 45 min followed by reperfusion, 2 weeks after contralateral nephrectomy. Renal functional parameters such as blood urea nitrogen, plasma creatinine, creatinine clearance, urine flow, urinary osmolality and fractional excretion of sodium were measured. Renal function in ARF rats markedly decreased at 1 d after reperfusion. Prior feeding of L-carnosine-containing diet (0.0001 w/w%) for 2 weeks attenuated the ischemia/reperfusion-induced renal dysfunction. Histopathological examination of the kidney of ARF rats revealed severe renal damages, such as tubular necrosis, proteinaceous casts in tubuli and medullary congestion, which were also significantly suppressed by the dietary supplementation of L-carnosine. These findings strongly suggest that L-carnosine supplementation is useful as a prophylactic treatment in the development of the ischemic ARF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihide Fujii
- Department of Pharmacology, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan
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Jin CL, Yang LX, Wu XH, Li Q, Ding MP, Fan YY, Zhang WP, Luo JH, Chen Z. Effects of carnosine on amygdaloid-kindled seizures in Sprague–Dawley rats. Neuroscience 2005; 135:939-47. [PMID: 16125861 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2005.06.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2005] [Revised: 06/26/2005] [Accepted: 06/27/2005] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The effects of carnosine (beta-alanyl-L-histidine) on amygdaloid-kindled seizures were investigated in rats. I.p. injection of carnosine (500, 1000, 1500 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly decreased seizure stage, afterdischarge duration and generalized seizure duration, and significantly prolonged generalized seizure latency of amygdaloid-kindled seizures, in a dose-dependent, and time-related manner. The protective effect of carnosine (1500 mg/kg) was completely antagonized by histamine H1-antagonists pyrilamine (2, 5 mg/kg, i.p.) and diphenhydramine (5, 10 mg/kg, i.p.), but not by histamine H2-antagonist zolantidine even at a high dose of 10 mg/kg. Carnosine (1500 mg/kg, i.p.) caused a significant increase of carnosine and histidine levels in the hypothalamus, thalamus, hippocampus, amygdala and cortex, as well as histamine levels in the hippocampus and amygdala. I.c.v. injection of alpha-fluoromethylhistidine (50 microg, i.c.v.), a selective and irreversible histidine decarboxylase inhibitor, only partially reversed the inhibition of amygdaloid-kindled seizures induced by carnosine. In addition, carnosine significantly decreased glutamate contents in the amygdala and hippocampus. These results indicate that carnosine could protect against amygdaloid-kindled seizures in rats, and its action may be due to the activation of histamine postsynaptic H1-receptors via two different mechanisms, one being carnosine's direct action, and the other being indirectly mediated by histaminergic pathway. The study suggests that carnosine may be an endogenous anticonvulsant factor in the brain and could be used as a new antiepileptic drug in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- C-L Jin
- Department of Pharmacology and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China 310031
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