1
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Lei J, He W, Liu Y, Zhang Q, Liu Y, Ou Q, Wu X, Li F, Liao J, Xiao Y. The potential protective role of Parkinson's disease against hypothyroidism: co-localisation and bidirectional Mendelian randomization study. Front Aging Neurosci 2024; 16:1377719. [PMID: 38808034 PMCID: PMC11130391 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2024.1377719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The association between hypothyroidism and Parkinson's disease (PD) has sparked intense debate in the medical community due to conflicting study results. A better understanding of this association is crucial because of its potential implications for both pathogenesis and treatment strategies. Methods To elucidate this complex relationship, we used Bayesian co-localisation (COLOC) and bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. COLOC was first used to determine whether hypothyroidism and PD share a common genetic basis. Subsequently, genetic variants served as instrumental variables in a bidirectional MR to explore causal interactions between these conditions. Results COLOC analysis revealed no shared genetic variants between hypothyroidism and PD, with a posteriori probability of hypothesis 4 (PPH4) = 0.025. Furthermore, MR analysis indicated that hypothyroidism does not have a substantial causal effect on PD (OR = 0.990, 95% CI = 0.925, 1.060, p = 0.774). Conversely, PD appears to have a negative causal effect on hypothyroidism (OR = 0.776, 95% CI = 0.649, 0.928, p = 0.005). Conclusion Our findings suggest the absence of shared genetic variants between hypothyroidism and PD. Interestingly, PD may inversely influence the risk of developing hypothyroidism, a finding that may inform future research and clinical approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Lei
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Wenxuan He
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yao Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Qinxin Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yingyao Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Qican Ou
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Xianli Wu
- Department of Neurology, The First People’s Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, China
| | - Fenglin Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jiajia Liao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Jiangbin Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Yousheng Xiao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
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2
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Kim DK, Choi H, Lee W, Choi H, Hong SB, Jeong JH, Han J, Han JW, Ryu H, Kim JI, Mook-Jung I. Brain hypothyroidism silences the immune response of microglia in Alzheimer's disease animal model. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadi1863. [PMID: 38489366 PMCID: PMC10942107 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi1863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Thyroid hormone (TH) imbalance is linked to the pathophysiology of reversible dementia and Alzheimer's disease (AD). It is unclear whether tissue hypothyroidism occurs in the AD brain and how it affects on AD pathology. We find that decreased iodothyronine deiodinase 2 is correlated with hippocampal hypothyroidism in early AD model mice before TH alterations in the blood. TH deficiency leads to spontaneous activation of microglia in wild-type mice under nonstimulated conditions, resulting in lowered innate immune responses of microglia in response to inflammatory stimuli or amyloid-β. In AD model mice, TH deficiency aggravates AD pathology by reducing the disease-associated microglia population and microglial phagocytosis. We find that TH deficiency reduces microglial ecto-5'-nucleotidase (CD73) and inhibition of CD73 leads to impaired innate immune responses in microglia. Our findings reveal that TH shapes microglial responses to inflammatory stimuli including amyloid-β, and brain hypothyroidism in early AD model mice aggravates AD pathology by microglial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Kyu Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Convergence Dementia Research Center, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyunjung Choi
- Convergence Dementia Research Center, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Woochan Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hayoung Choi
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Convergence Dementia Research Center, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seok Beom Hong
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Convergence Dementia Research Center, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - June-Hyun Jeong
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Convergence Dementia Research Center, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jihui Han
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Convergence Dementia Research Center, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong Won Han
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Convergence Dementia Research Center, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hoon Ryu
- Center for Neuroscience, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong-Il Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Inhee Mook-Jung
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Convergence Dementia Research Center, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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3
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Bennett SN, Chang AB, Rogers FD, Jones P, Peña CJ. Thyroid hormones mediate the impact of early-life stress on ventral tegmental area gene expression and behavior. Horm Behav 2024; 159:105472. [PMID: 38141539 PMCID: PMC10922504 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2023.105472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
Proper thyroid function is essential to the developing brain, including dopamine neuron differentiation, growth, and maintenance. Stress across the lifespan impacts thyroid hormone signaling and anxiety disorders and depression have been associated with thyroid dysfunction (both hypo- and hyper-active). However, less is known about how stress during postnatal development impacts thyroid function and related brain development. Our previous work in mice demonstrated that early-life stress (ELS) transiently impinged on expression of a transcription factor in dopamine neurons, Otx2, shown to be regulated by thyroid hormones. We hypothesized that thyroid hormone signaling may link experience of ELS with transcriptional dysregulation within the dopaminergic midbrain, and ultimately behavior. Here, we find that ELS transiently increases thyroid-stimulating hormone levels (inversely related to thyroid signaling) in both male and female mice at P21, an effect which recovers by adolescence. We next tested whether transient treatment of ELS mice with synthetic thyroid hormone (levothyroxine, LT4) could ameliorate the impact of ELS on sensitivity to future stress, and on expression of genes related to dopamine neuron development and maintenance, thyroid signaling, and plasticity within the ventral tegmental area. Among male mice, but not females, juvenile LT4 treatment prevented hypersensitivity to adult stress. We also found that rescuing developmental deficits in thyroid hormone signaling after ELS restored levels of some genes altered directly by ELS, and prevented alterations in expression of other genes sensitive to the second hit of adult stress. These findings suggest that thyroid signaling mediates the deleterious impact of ELS on VTA development, and that temporary treatment of hypothyroidism after ELS may be sufficient to prevent future stress hypersensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Austin B Chang
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, USA
| | - Forrest D Rogers
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, USA; Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, USA
| | - Parker Jones
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, USA
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4
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Custodio RJP, Hengstler JG, Cheong JH, Kim HJ, Wascher E, Getzmann S. Adult ADHD: it is old and new at the same time - what is it? Rev Neurosci 2024; 35:225-241. [PMID: 37813870 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2023-0071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Even though the number of studies aiming to improve comprehension of ADHD pathology has increased in recent years, there still is an urgent need for more effective studies, particularly in understanding adult ADHD, both at preclinical and clinical levels, due to the increasing evidence that adult ADHD is highly distinct and a different entity from childhood ADHD. This review paper outlines the symptoms, diagnostics, and neurobiological mechanisms of ADHD, with emphasis on how adult ADHD could be different from childhood-onset. Data show a difference in the environmental, genetic, epigenetic, and brain structural changes, when combined, could greatly impact the behavioral presentations and the severity of ADHD in adults. Furthermore, a crucial aspect in the quest to fully understand this disorder could be through longitudinal analysis. In this way, we will determine if and how the pathology and pharmacology of ADHD change with age. This goal could revolutionize our understanding of the disorder and address the weaknesses in the current clinical classification systems, improving the characterization and validity of ADHD diagnosis, specifically those in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raly James Perez Custodio
- Networking Group Aging, Department of Ergonomics, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at TU Dortmund (IfADo), Ardeystrasse 67, Dortmund 44139, Germany
| | - Jan G Hengstler
- Systems Toxicology, Department of Toxicology, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at TU Dortmund (IfADo), Ardeystrasse 67, Dortmund 44139, Germany
| | - Jae Hoon Cheong
- Institute for New Drug Development, School of Pharmacy, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do 54896, South Korea
| | - Hee Jin Kim
- Uimyung Research Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacy, Sahmyook University, 815 Hwarangro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01795, South Korea
| | - Edmund Wascher
- Experimental Ergonomics, Department of Ergonomics, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at TU Dortmund (IfADo), Ardeystrasse 67, Dortmund 44139, Germany
| | - Stephan Getzmann
- Networking Group Aging, Department of Ergonomics, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at TU Dortmund (IfADo), Ardeystrasse 67, Dortmund 44139, Germany
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5
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Bennett SN, Chang AB, Rogers FD, Jones P, Peña CJ. Thyroid hormones mediate the impact of early-life stress on ventral tegmental area gene expression and behavior. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.25.554785. [PMID: 37662236 PMCID: PMC10473690 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.25.554785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Proper thyroid function is essential to the developing brain, including dopamine neuron differentiation, growth, and maintenance. Stress across the lifespan impacts thyroid hormone signaling and anxiety disorders and depression have been associated with thyroid dysfunction (both hypo- and hyper-active). However, less is known about how stress during postnatal development impacts thyroid function and related brain development. Our previous work in mice demonstrated that early-life stress (ELS) transiently impinged on expression of a transcription factor in dopamine neurons shown to be regulated by thyroid hormones. We hypothesized that thyroid hormone signaling may link experience of ELS with transcriptional dysregulation within the dopaminergic midbrain, and ultimately behavior. Here, we find that ELS transiently increases thyroid-stimulating hormone levels (inversely related to thyroid signaling) in both male and female mice at P21, an effect which recovers by adolescence. We next tested whether transient treatment of ELS mice with synthetic thyroid hormone (levothyroxine, LT4) could ameliorate the impact of ELS on sensitivity to future stress, and on expression of genes related to dopamine neuron development and maintenance, thyroid signaling, and plasticity within the ventral tegmental area. Among male mice, but not females, juvenile LT4 treatment prevented hypersensitivity to adult stress. We also found that rescuing developmental deficits in thyroid hormone signaling after ELS restored levels of some genes altered directly by ELS, and prevented alterations in expression of other genes sensitive to the second hit of adult stress. These findings suggest that thyroid signaling mediates the deleterious impact of ELS on VTA development, and that temporary treatment of hypothyroidism after ELS may be sufficient to prevent future stress hypersensitivity.
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6
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Alcaide Martin A, Mayerl S. Local Thyroid Hormone Action in Brain Development. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12352. [PMID: 37569727 PMCID: PMC10418487 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Proper brain development essentially depends on the timed availability of sufficient amounts of thyroid hormone (TH). This, in turn, necessitates a tightly regulated expression of TH signaling components such as TH transporters, deiodinases, and TH receptors in a brain region- and cell-specific manner from early developmental stages onwards. Abnormal TH levels during critical stages, as well as mutations in TH signaling components that alter the global and/or local thyroidal state, result in detrimental consequences for brain development and neurological functions that involve alterations in central neurotransmitter systems. Thus, the question as to how TH signaling is implicated in the development and maturation of different neurotransmitter and neuromodulator systems has gained increasing attention. In this review, we first summarize the current knowledge on the regulation of TH signaling components during brain development. We then present recent advances in our understanding on how altered TH signaling compromises the development of cortical glutamatergic neurons, inhibitory GABAergic interneurons, cholinergic and dopaminergic neurons. Thereby, we highlight novel mechanistic insights and point out open questions in this evolving research field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Steffen Mayerl
- Department of Endocrinology Diabetes & Metabolism, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45147 Essen, Germany
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7
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Custodio RJP, Kim M, Chung YC, Kim BN, Kim HJ, Cheong JH. Thrsp Gene and the ADHD Predominantly Inattentive Presentation. ACS Chem Neurosci 2023; 14:573-589. [PMID: 36716294 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.2c00710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
There are three presentations of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): the predominantly inattention (ADHD-PI), predominantly hyperactive-impulsive (ADHD-HI), and combined (ADHD-C) presentations of ADHD. These may represent distinct childhood-onset neurobehavioral disorders with separate etiologies. ADHD diagnoses are behaviorally based, so investigations into potential etiologies should be founded on behavior. Animal models of ADHD demonstrate face, predictive, and construct validity when they accurately reproduce elements of the symptoms, etiology, biochemistry, and disorder treatment. Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR/NCrl) fulfill many validation criteria and compare well with clinical cases of ADHD-C. Compounding the difficulty of selecting an ideal model to study specific presentations of ADHD is a simple fact that our knowledge regarding ADHD neurobiology is insufficient. Accordingly, the current review has explored a potential animal model for a specific presentation, ADHD-PI, with acceptable face, predictive, and construct validity. The Thrsp gene could be a biomarker for ADHD-PI presentation, and THRSP OE mice could represent an animal model for studying this distinct ADHD presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raly James Perez Custodio
- Department of Ergonomics, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors─IfADo, Ardeystraße 67, 44139 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Mikyung Kim
- Department of Chemistry & Life Science, Sahmyook University, 815 Hwarang-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01795, Republic of Korea.,Uimyung Research Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacy, Sahmyook University, 815 Hwarangro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01795, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Chul Chung
- Department of Psychiatry, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Bung-Nyun Kim
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, 101 Daehakro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jin Kim
- Uimyung Research Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacy, Sahmyook University, 815 Hwarangro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01795, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hoon Cheong
- Institute for New Drug Development, School of Pharmacy, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do 54896, Republic of Korea
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8
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Xu J, Zhao C, Liu Y, Xu C, Qin B, Liang H. Genetic correlation between thyroid hormones and Parkinson's disease. Clin Exp Immunol 2022; 208:372-379. [PMID: 35511827 PMCID: PMC9226140 DOI: 10.1093/cei/uxac044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) was reported to be connected with thyroid diseases clinically, which might be a critical clew to immune pathogenesis of PD. However, there was no further research to study the pathogenesis correlation between PD and thyroid diseases. In this study, except for investigating the difference in thyroid hormone between PD and the control group, we explored genetic correlation between thyroid and PD. We tried to find their shared molecular pathway by analyzing the effect of PD risk genes on thyroid function. Interestingly, most of those 12 meaningful SNPs we found could affect PD and thyroid function through immune mechanism, which is consistent with our original conjecture and provides significant evidence for the immune pathogenesis of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyi Xu
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China.,Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Cheng Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Ye Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Congjie Xu
- Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, P.R. China.,Hainan Province Clinical Medical Center, Haikou, P.R. China
| | - Bin Qin
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Hui Liang
- Department of Neurology, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, P.R. China.,Hainan Province Clinical Medical Center and Hainan Academician Innovation Platform, Haikou, P.R. China
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9
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Kim HK, Song J. Hypothyroidism and Diabetes-Related Dementia: Focused on Neuronal Dysfunction, Insulin Resistance, and Dyslipidemia. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23062982. [PMID: 35328405 PMCID: PMC8952212 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23062982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of dementia is steadily increasing worldwide. The risk factors for dementia are diverse, and include genetic background, environmental factors, sex differences, and vascular abnormalities. Among the subtypes of dementia, diabetes-related dementia is emerging as a complex type of dementia related to metabolic imbalance, due to the increase in the number of patients with metabolic syndrome and dementia worldwide. Thyroid hormones are considered metabolic regulatory hormones and affect various diseases, such as liver failure, obesity, and dementia. Thyroid dysregulation affects various cellular mechanisms and is linked to multiple disease pathologies. In particular, hypothyroidism is considered a critical cause for various neurological problems-such as metabolic disease, depressive symptoms, and dementia-in the central nervous system. Recent studies have demonstrated the relationship between hypothyroidism and brain insulin resistance and dyslipidemia, leading to diabetes-related dementia. Therefore, we reviewed the relationship between hypothyroidism and diabetes-related dementia, with a focus on major features of diabetes-related dementia such as insulin resistance, neuronal dysfunction, and dyslipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Kyung Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, 264 Seoyangro, Hwasun 58128, Korea;
| | - Juhyun Song
- Department of Anatomy, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Korea
- BioMedical Sciences Graduate Program (BMSGP), Chonnam National University, 264 Seoyangro, Hwasun 58128, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-61-379-2706; Fax: +82-61-375-5834
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Butruille L, Vancamp P, Demeneix BA, Remaud S. Thyroid hormone regulation of adult neural stem cell fate: A comparative analysis between rodents and primates. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2021; 116:133-192. [PMID: 33752817 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2021.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid hormone (TH) signaling, a highly conserved pathway across vertebrates, is crucial for brain development and function throughout life. In the adult mammalian brain, including that of humans, multipotent neural stem cells (NSCs) proliferate and generate neuronal and glial progenitors. The role of TH has been intensively investigated in the two main neurogenic niches of the adult mouse brain, the subventricular and the subgranular zone. A key finding is that T3, the biologically active form of THs, promotes NSC commitment toward a neuronal fate. In this review, we first discuss the roles of THs in the regulation of adult rodent neurogenesis, as well as how it relates to functional behavior, notably olfaction and cognition. Most research uncovering these roles of TH in adult neurogenesis was conducted in rodents, whose genetic background, brain structure and rate of neurogenesis are considerably different from that of humans. To bridge the phylogenetic gap, we also explore the similarities and divergences of TH-dependent adult neurogenesis in non-human primate models. Lastly, we examine how photoperiodic length changes TH homeostasis, and how that might affect adult neurogenesis in seasonal species to increase fitness. Several aspects by which TH acts on adult NSCs seem to be conserved among mammals, while we only start to uncover the molecular pathways, as well as how other in- and extrinsic factors are intertwined. A multispecies approach delivering more insights in the matter will pave the way for novel NSC-based therapies to combat neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucile Butruille
- UMR 7221 Phyma, CNRS/Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
| | - Pieter Vancamp
- UMR 7221 Phyma, CNRS/Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
| | - Barbara A Demeneix
- UMR 7221 Phyma, CNRS/Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
| | - Sylvie Remaud
- UMR 7221 Phyma, CNRS/Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France.
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11
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Mechanism of Chinese yam for the treatment of aging-related diseases based on network pharmacology. Eur J Integr Med 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eujim.2020.101254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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12
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Kim JH, Lee HS, Ahn JH, Oh JK, Chang IB, Song JH, Wee JH, Min CY, Yoo DM, Choi HG. Association Between Thyroid Diseases and Parkinson's Disease: A Nested Case-Control Study Using a National Health Screening Cohort. JOURNAL OF PARKINSONS DISEASE 2020; 11:211-220. [PMID: 33104041 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-202265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the dopaminergic system is interconnected with the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis, few studies have explained the causal relationship between thyroid disease and Parkinson's disease (PD). OBJECTIVE The goal of this study was to investigate the association between thyroid diseases and PD in Korean residents. METHODS The Korean National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort, which includes individuals aged ≥40 years, was assessed from 2002 to 2015. A total of 5,586 PD patients were matched by age, sex, income, and the region of residence with 22,344 control participants at a ratio of 1:4. In the PD and control groups, previous histories of levothyroxine treatment, goiter, hypothyroidism, thyroiditis, and hyperthyroidism were investigated. RESULTS The rates of levothyroxine treatment for more than 3 months, hypothyroidism, and hyperthyroidism were higher in the PD group than the control group (3.2%, 3.8%, and 2.8% vs. 2.5%, 2.9%, and 1.9%, respectively, p < 0.05). The adjusted odds ratios (ORs) in model 2, which was adjusted for all potential confounders, for hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism in the PD group were 1.25 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01-1.55, p = 0.044) and 1.37 (95% CI 1.13-1.67, p = 0.002), respectively. In subgroup analyses, the association between hypothyroidism and PD was maintained in men older than 70 years and the association between hyperthyroidism and PD was maintained in women younger than 70 years. CONCLUSION Both hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism were associated with higher risk of PD, particularly for women younger than 70 years and men older than 70 years, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hee Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Korea
| | - Heui Seung Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Korea
| | - Jun Hyong Ahn
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Korea
| | - Jae Keun Oh
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Korea
| | - In Bok Chang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Korea
| | - Joon Ho Song
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Korea
| | - Jee Hye Wee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Korea
| | - Chan Yang Min
- Hallym Data Science Laboratory, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Korea
| | - Dae Myoung Yoo
- Hallym Data Science Laboratory, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Korea
| | - Hyo Geun Choi
- Hallym Data Science Laboratory, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Korea.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Korea
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13
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Chen SF, Yang YC, Hsu CY, Shen YC. Risk of Parkinson's disease in patients with hypothyroidism: A nationwide population-based cohort study. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2020; 74:28-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2020.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Lee EH, Kim SM, Kim CH, Pagire SH, Pagire HS, Chung HY, Ahn JH, Park CH. Dopamine neuron induction and the neuroprotective effects of thyroid hormone derivatives. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13659. [PMID: 31541140 PMCID: PMC6754465 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49876-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive movement disturbances caused by the selective loss of dopamine (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra. Despite the identification of the causal mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of PD, effective treatments remain elusive. In this study, we observed that a low level of fetal bovine serum (FBS) effectively induced DA neurons in rat neural precursor cells (NPCs) by enhancing nuclear receptor-related 1 protein (NURR1) expression. Among the various components of FBS, the thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) were identified as key factors for the induction of DA neurons. Since an overdose of thyroid hormones can cause hyperthyroidism, we synthesized several thyroid hormone derivatives that can partially activate thyroid hormone receptors and induce the complete differentiation of NPCs into DA neurons. Two derivatives (#3 and #9) showed positive effects on the induction and maturation of DA neurons without showing significant affinity for the thyroid hormone receptor. They also effectively protected and restored DA neurons from neurotoxic insults. Taken together, these observations demonstrate that thyroid hormone derivatives can strongly induce DA neuron differentiation while avoiding excessive thyroid stimulation and might therefore be useful candidates for PD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Hye Lee
- Hanyang Biomedical Research Institute, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Korea
| | - Sang-Mi Kim
- Hanyang Biomedical Research Institute, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Korea
| | | | - Suvarna H Pagire
- Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Korea
| | - Haushabhau S Pagire
- Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Korea
| | - Hee Yong Chung
- Hanyang Biomedical Research Institute, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Korea. .,Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Korea. .,Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Korea.
| | - Jin Hee Ahn
- Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Korea.
| | - Chang-Hwan Park
- Hanyang Biomedical Research Institute, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Korea. .,Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Korea. .,Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Korea.
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Miterko LN, Sillitoe RV. Climbing Fiber Development Is Impaired in Postnatal Car8 wdl Mice. THE CEREBELLUM 2019; 17:56-61. [PMID: 28940157 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-017-0886-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The cerebellum is critical for an array of motor functions. During postnatal development, the Purkinje cells (PCs) guide afferent topography to establish the final circuit. Perturbing PC morphogenesis or activity during development can result in climbing fiber (CF) multi-innervation or mis-patterning. Structural defects during circuit formation typically have long-term effects on behavior as they contribute to the phenotype of movement disorders such as cerebellar ataxia. The Car8 wdl mouse is one model in which early circuit destruction influences movement. However, although the loss of Car8 leads to the mis-wiring of afferent maps and abnormal PC firing, adult PC morphology is largely intact and there is no neurodegeneration. Here, we sought to uncover how defects in afferent connectivity arise in Car8 wdl mutants to resolve how functional deficits persist in motor diseases with subtle neuropathology. To address this problem, we analyzed CF development during the first 3 weeks of life. By immunolabeling CF terminals with VGLUT2, we found evidence of premature CF synapse elimination and delayed translocation from PC somata at postnatal day (P) 10 in Car8 wdl mice. Surprisingly, by P15, the wiring normalized, suggesting that CAR8 regulates the early but not the late stages of CF development. The data support the hypothesis of a defined sequence of events for cerebellar circuits to establish function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren N Miterko
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute of Texas Children's Hospital, 1250 Moursund Street, Suite 1325, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute of Texas Children's Hospital, 1250 Moursund Street, Suite 1325, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Roy V Sillitoe
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute of Texas Children's Hospital, 1250 Moursund Street, Suite 1325, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. .,Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute of Texas Children's Hospital, 1250 Moursund Street, Suite 1325, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. .,Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute of Texas Children's Hospital, 1250 Moursund Street, Suite 1325, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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16
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Miterko LN, White JJ, Lin T, Brown AM, O'Donovan KJ, Sillitoe RV. Persistent motor dysfunction despite homeostatic rescue of cerebellar morphogenesis in the Car8 waddles mutant mouse. Neural Dev 2019; 14:6. [PMID: 30867000 PMCID: PMC6417138 DOI: 10.1186/s13064-019-0130-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Purkinje cells play a central role in establishing the cerebellar circuit. Accordingly, disrupting Purkinje cell development impairs cerebellar morphogenesis and motor function. In the Car8wdl mouse model of hereditary ataxia, severe motor deficits arise despite the cerebellum overcoming initial defects in size and morphology. Methods To resolve how this compensation occurs, we asked how the loss of carbonic anhydrase 8 (CAR8), a regulator of IP3R1 Ca2+ signaling in Purkinje cells, alters cerebellar development in Car8wdl mice. Using a combination of histological, physiological, and behavioral analyses, we determined the extent to which the loss of CAR8 affects cerebellar anatomy, neuronal firing, and motor coordination during development. Results Our results reveal that granule cell proliferation is reduced in early postnatal mutants, although by the third postnatal week there is enhanced and prolonged proliferation, plus an upregulation of Sox2 expression in the inner EGL. Modified circuit patterning of Purkinje cells and Bergmann glia accompany these granule cell adjustments. We also find that although anatomy eventually normalizes, the abnormal activity of neurons and muscles persists. Conclusions Our data show that losing CAR8 only transiently restricts cerebellar growth, but permanently damages its function. These data support two current hypotheses about cerebellar development and disease: (1) Sox2 expression may be upregulated at sites of injury and contribute to the rescue of cerebellar structure and (2) transient delays to developmental processes may precede permanent motor dysfunction. Furthermore, we characterize waddles mutant mouse morphology and behavior during development and propose a Sox2-positive, cell-mediated role for rescue in a mouse model of human motor diseases. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13064-019-0130-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren N Miterko
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute of Texas Children's Hospital, 1250 Moursund Street, Suite 1325, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute of Texas Children's Hospital, 1250 Moursund Street, Suite 1325, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute of Texas Children's Hospital, 1250 Moursund Street, Suite 1325, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Joshua J White
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute of Texas Children's Hospital, 1250 Moursund Street, Suite 1325, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute of Texas Children's Hospital, 1250 Moursund Street, Suite 1325, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute of Texas Children's Hospital, 1250 Moursund Street, Suite 1325, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Tao Lin
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute of Texas Children's Hospital, 1250 Moursund Street, Suite 1325, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute of Texas Children's Hospital, 1250 Moursund Street, Suite 1325, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Amanda M Brown
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute of Texas Children's Hospital, 1250 Moursund Street, Suite 1325, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute of Texas Children's Hospital, 1250 Moursund Street, Suite 1325, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute of Texas Children's Hospital, 1250 Moursund Street, Suite 1325, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Kevin J O'Donovan
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, United States Military Academy, West Point, New York, 10996, USA.,Burke Neurological Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, White Plains, 10605, USA
| | - Roy V Sillitoe
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute of Texas Children's Hospital, 1250 Moursund Street, Suite 1325, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. .,Department of Neuroscience, Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute of Texas Children's Hospital, 1250 Moursund Street, Suite 1325, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. .,Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute of Texas Children's Hospital, 1250 Moursund Street, Suite 1325, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. .,Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute of Texas Children's Hospital, 1250 Moursund Street, Suite 1325, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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17
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DiBacco ML, Roullet JB, Kapur K, Brown MN, Walters DC, Gibson KM, Pearl PL. Age-related phenotype and biomarker changes in SSADH deficiency. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2018; 6:114-120. [PMID: 30656189 PMCID: PMC6331944 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Succinic Semialdehyde Dehydrogenase (SSADH) deficiency is a disorder of elevated gamma‐amino butyric acid (GABA) and gamma hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) and a complex neuropsychiatric profile. Adult reports suggest worsening epilepsy and high SUDEP risk. Methods Subjects with confirmed SSADH deficiency were recruited into a longitudinal study. Plasma thyroid hormone and total GABA/GHB were quantified by standard clinical chemistry methodologies and mass spectrometry, respectively. Results A total of 133 subjects with SSADH deficiency are enrolled in the registry; 49 participated in the longitudinal study. The age range of the population is 8 weeks to 63 years (median 7.75 year; 44% male). There is a significant difference in proportions among the age groups in subjects affected with hypotonia, compulsive behavior, sleep disturbances, and seizures. Epilepsy is present in 50% of the total population, and more prevalent in subjects 12 years and older (P = 0.001). The median age of onset for absence seizures was 2 years, and 12 years for generalized tonic‐clonic seizures (P < 0.01). The SUDEP rate in adults was 12% (4/33). There was a significant age‐dependent negative correlation between GABA and T3 levels. Interpretation There is an age‐dependent association with worsening of epilepsy, behavioral disturbances including obsessive‐compulsive behavior, and sleep disturbances with age in SSADH deficiency. There is a high risk of SUDEP. We have observed more absence seizures in younger patients, compared to tonic‐clonic in the older cohort, which correlates with age‐related changes in GABA and GHB concentration and thyroid function, as well as the natural history of seizures in the murine model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa L DiBacco
- Department of Neurology Boston Children's Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts
| | - Jean-Baptiste Roullet
- Department of Pharmacotherapy College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Washington State University Spokane Washington
| | - Kush Kapur
- Department of Neurology Boston Children's Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts
| | - Madalyn N Brown
- Department of Pharmacotherapy College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Washington State University Spokane Washington
| | - Dana C Walters
- Department of Pharmacotherapy College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Washington State University Spokane Washington
| | - K Michael Gibson
- Department of Pharmacotherapy College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Washington State University Spokane Washington
| | - Phillip L Pearl
- Department of Neurology Boston Children's Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts
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18
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Chen C, Ma Q, Deng P, Yang J, Yang L, Lin M, Yu Z, Zhou Z. Critical role of TRPC1 in thyroid hormone-dependent dopaminergic neuron development. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2017; 1864:1900-1912. [PMID: 28779972 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2017.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Thyroid hormones play a crucial role in midbrain dopaminergic (DA) neuron development. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain largely unknown. In this study, we revealed that thyroid hormone treatment evokes significant calcium entry through canonical transient receptor potential (TRPC) channels in ventral midbrain neural stem cells and this calcium signaling is essential for thyroid hormone-dependent DA neuronal differentiation. We also found that TRPC1 is the dominant TRPC channel expressed in ventral midbrain neural stem cells which responds to thyroid hormone. In addition, thyroid hormone increases TRPC1 expression through its receptor alpha 1 during DA neuron differentiation, and, importantly, produces calcium signals by activating TRPC1 channels. In vivo and in vitro gene silencing experiments indicate that TRPC1-mediated calcium signaling is required for thyroid hormone-dependent DA neuronal differentiation. Finally, we confirmed that the activation of OTX2, a determinant of DA neuron development and the expression of which is induced by thyroid hormone, is dependent on TRPC1-mediated calcium signaling. These data revealed the molecular mechanisms of how thyroid hormone regulates DA neuron development from ventral midbrain neural stem cells, particularly endowing a novel physiological relevance to TRPC1 channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhai Chen
- Department of Occupational Health, Third Military Medical University, No.30 Gaotanyan Street, Chongqing 400038, China.
| | - Qinglong Ma
- Department of Occupational Health, Third Military Medical University, No.30 Gaotanyan Street, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Ping Deng
- Department of Occupational Health, Third Military Medical University, No.30 Gaotanyan Street, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Jianjing Yang
- Department of Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 6000 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390-9148, USA
| | - Lingling Yang
- Department of Occupational Health, Third Military Medical University, No.30 Gaotanyan Street, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Min Lin
- Department of Occupational Health, Third Military Medical University, No.30 Gaotanyan Street, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Zhengping Yu
- Department of Occupational Health, Third Military Medical University, No.30 Gaotanyan Street, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Zhou Zhou
- Department of Occupational Health, Third Military Medical University, No.30 Gaotanyan Street, Chongqing 400038, China.
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19
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Chen C, Ma Q, Chen X, Zhong M, Deng P, Zhu G, Zhang Y, Zhang L, Yang Z, Zhang K, Guo L, Wang L, Yu Z, Zhou Z. Thyroid Hormone-Otx2 Signaling Is Required for Embryonic Ventral Midbrain Neural Stem Cells Differentiated into Dopamine Neurons. Stem Cells Dev 2015; 24:1751-65. [PMID: 25867707 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2014.0489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Midbrain dopamine (DA) neurons are essential for maintaining multiple brain functions. These neurons have also been implicated in relation with diverse neurological disorders. However, how these neurons are developed from neuronal stem cells (NSCs) remains largely unknown. In this study, we provide both in vivo and in vitro evidence that the thyroid hormone, an important physiological factor for brain development, promotes DA neuron differentiation from embryonic ventral midbrain (VM) NSCs. We find that thyroid hormone deficiency during development reduces the midbrain DA neuron number, downregulates the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and the dopamine transporter (DAT), and impairs the DA neuron-dependent motor behavior. In addition, thyroid hormone treatment during VM NSC differentiation in vitro increases the production of DA neurons and upregulates the expression of TH and DAT. We also found that the thyroid hormone enhances the expression of Otx2, an important determinant of DA neurogenesis, during DA neuron differentiation. Our in vitro gene silencing experiments indicate that Otx2 is required for thyroid hormone-dependent DA neuron differentiation from embryonic VM NSCs. Finally, we revealed both in vivo and in vitro that the thyroid hormone receptor alpha 1 is expressed in embryonic VM NSCs. Furthermore, it participates in the effects of thyroid hormone-induced Otx2 upregulation and DA neuron differentiation. These data demonstrate the role and molecular mechanisms of how the thyroid hormone regulates DA neuron differentiation from embryonic VM NSCs, particularly providing new mechanisms and a potential strategy for generating dopamine neurons from NSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhai Chen
- 1 Department of Occupational Health, Third Military Medical University , Chongqing, China
| | - Qinglong Ma
- 1 Department of Occupational Health, Third Military Medical University , Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaowei Chen
- 2 Brain Research Center, Third Military Medical University , Chongqing, China
| | - Min Zhong
- 1 Department of Occupational Health, Third Military Medical University , Chongqing, China
| | - Ping Deng
- 1 Department of Occupational Health, Third Military Medical University , Chongqing, China
| | - Gang Zhu
- 1 Department of Occupational Health, Third Military Medical University , Chongqing, China
| | - Yanwen Zhang
- 1 Department of Occupational Health, Third Military Medical University , Chongqing, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- 1 Department of Occupational Health, Third Military Medical University , Chongqing, China
| | - Zhiqi Yang
- 2 Brain Research Center, Third Military Medical University , Chongqing, China
| | - Kuan Zhang
- 2 Brain Research Center, Third Military Medical University , Chongqing, China
| | - Lu Guo
- 3 Department of Neurology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University , Chongqing, China
| | - Liting Wang
- 4 Biomedical Analysis Center, Third Military Medical University , Chongqing, China
| | - Zhengping Yu
- 1 Department of Occupational Health, Third Military Medical University , Chongqing, China
| | - Zhou Zhou
- 1 Department of Occupational Health, Third Military Medical University , Chongqing, China
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20
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Karlsson AC, Svemer F, Eriksson J, Darras VM, Andersson L, Jensen P. The Effect of a Mutation in the Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Receptor (TSHR) on Development, Behaviour and TH Levels in Domesticated Chickens. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0129040. [PMID: 26053744 PMCID: PMC4460094 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0129040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The thyroid stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR) has been suggested to be a “domestication locus” in the chicken, due to a strong selective sweep over the gene found in domesticated chickens, differentiating them from their wild ancestor the Red Junglefowl (RJF). We investigated the effect of the mutation on development (incubation time), behaviour and thyroid hormone levels in intercross chickens homozygous for the mutation (d/d), wild type homozygotes (w/w) or heterozygotes (d/w). This allowed an assessment of the effect of genotype at this locus against a random mix of RJF and WL genotypes throughout the rest of the genome, controlling for family effects. The d/d genotype showed a longer incubation time, less fearful behaviours, lower number of aggressive behaviours and decreased levels of the thyroid hormone T4, in comparison to the w/w genotype. The difference between TSHR genotypes (d/d vs. w/w) in these respects mirrors the differences in development and behaviour between pure domesticated White Leghorns and pure RJF chickens. Higher individual T3 and T4 levels were associated with more aggression. Our study indicates that the TSHR mutation affects typical domestication traits, possibly through modifying plasma levels of thyroid hormones, and may therefore have been important during the evolution of the domestic chicken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Carin Karlsson
- IFM Biology, Division of Zoology, Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping Sweden
| | - Frida Svemer
- IFM Biology, Division of Zoology, Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping Sweden
| | - Jonas Eriksson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Box 582, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Veerle M. Darras
- Laboratory of Comparative Endocrinology, Department of Biology, Division of Animal Physiology and Neurobiology, KU Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Leif Andersson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Box 582, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Per Jensen
- IFM Biology, Division of Zoology, Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping Sweden
- * E-mail:
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Liang F, Diao L, Liu J, Jiang N, Zhang J, Wang H, Zhou W, Huang G, Ma D. Paternal ethanol exposure and behavioral abnormities in offspring: associated alterations in imprinted gene methylation. Neuropharmacology 2014; 81:126-33. [PMID: 24486713 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2014.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2013] [Revised: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Research confirms that maternal ethanol (EtOH) exposure can induce physical and mental disorders in offspring, yet the effect of paternal ethanol exposure on offspring is unclear. Methylation alterations in imprinted genes may be related to the well-documented teratogenic effects of ethanol. Here, we report that ethanol (0, 1.1, 3.3 g/kg) was administered intragastrically to male mice and a behavioral study was performed on their F1 generation. Data show that F1 mice with fathers exposed to the highest dose of ethanol had delayed cognitive performance and increased anxiety and depression. A specific circling behavior was observed in the offspring of the paternally ethanol-exposed group. The degree of methylation and mRNA expression of H19, Peg3, Ndn and Snrpn were assessed in paternal sperm and in the cerebral cortices of each offspring. It did affect methylation in paternal sperm (H19 and Peg3) and in the offspring's cerebral cortices (CpG7 and CpG11 in Peg3 and Snrpn), but the level of mRNA expression has not changed. In the circling mice, the highest ethanol exposure increase in methylation (CpG 1, 2, 7 and 11) and decreases in mRNA of Peg3.Thus, chronic paternal ethanol exposure can affect the methylation of imprinted genes in sire sperm that may be passed on to offspring, giving rise to mental deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Liang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Lei Diao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Nan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Huijun Wang
- Children Hospital, Fudan University, 200032, China
| | - Wenhao Zhou
- Children Hospital, Fudan University, 200032, China
| | | | - Duan Ma
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Children Hospital, Fudan University, 200032, China.
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Seidah NG, Sadr MS, Chrétien M, Mbikay M. The multifaceted proprotein convertases: their unique, redundant, complementary, and opposite functions. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:21473-81. [PMID: 23775089 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.r113.481549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The secretory proprotein convertase (PC) family comprises nine members: PC1/3, PC2, furin, PC4, PC5/6, PACE4, PC7, SKI-1/S1P, and PCSK9. The first seven PCs cleave their substrates at single or paired basic residues, and SKI-1/S1P cleaves its substrates at non-basic residues in the Golgi. PCSK9 cleaves itself once, and the secreted inactive protease escorts specific receptors for lysosomal degradation. It regulates the levels of circulating LDL cholesterol and is considered a major therapeutic target in phase III clinical trials. In vivo, PCs exhibit unique and often essential functions during development and/or in adulthood, but certain convertases also exhibit complementary, redundant, or opposite functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabil G Seidah
- Laboratory of Biochemical Neuroendocrinology, Clinical Research Institute of Montreal (IRCM, affiliated with the University of Montreal), Montreal, Quebec H2W 1R7, Canada.
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Hassan WA, Aly MS, Rahman TA, Shahat AS. Impact of experimental hypothyroidism on monoamines level in discrete brain regions and other peripheral tissues of young and adult male rats. Int J Dev Neurosci 2013; 31:225-33. [PMID: 23411049 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2013.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2012] [Revised: 01/17/2013] [Accepted: 02/01/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The levels of dopamine (DA), norepinephrine (NE) and serotonin (5-HT) in different brain regions as well as in blood plasma, cardiac muscle and adrenal gland of young and adult male albino rats were measured following experimentally induced hypothyroidism. Hypothyroidism induced by daily oral administration of propylthiouracil (PTU, 5mg/kg body wt) caused a significant reduction in DA levels in most of the tissues examined of both young and adult rats after 21 and 28 days, in NE levels after all the time intervals studied in young rats, and after 21 and 28 days in adult rats. 5-HT exhibited a significant reduction in the selected brain regions and blood plasma after 21 and 28 days and in cardiac muscle after all the time intervals in the two age groups of animals. It may be suggested that the changes in monoamine levels induced by hypothyroidism may be due to disturbance in the synthesis and release of these amines through the neurons impairment or may be due to an alteration pattern of their synthesizing and/or degradative enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wafaa A Hassan
- National Organization for Drug Control and Research, Hormone Evaluation Department, Cairo 11511, Egypt.
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Fetal and neonatal exposure to three typical environmental chemicals with different mechanisms of action: Mixed exposure to phenol, phthalate, and dioxin cancels the effects of sole exposure on mouse midbrain dopaminergic nuclei. Toxicol Lett 2009; 189:40-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2009.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2008] [Revised: 04/01/2009] [Accepted: 04/02/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Chaudhry AM, Marsh-Rollo SE, Aksenov V, Rollo CD, Szechtman H. Modifier Selection by Transgenes: The Case of Growth Hormone Transgenesis and Hyperactive Circling Mice. Evol Biol 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s11692-008-9036-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Minai OA, Malik N, Foldvary N, Bair N, Golish JA. Prevalence and characteristics of restless legs syndrome in patients with pulmonary hypertension. J Heart Lung Transplant 2008; 27:335-40. [PMID: 18342758 DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2007.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2007] [Revised: 12/04/2007] [Accepted: 12/17/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH) have an increased prevalence of risk factors for restless legs syndrome (RLS). We performed a cross-sectional study to determine the prevalence and characteristics of RLS in this population. METHODS Patients filled out two questionnaires during a visit: (1) a diagnostic tool for RLS, based on the core clinical features; and (2) a 10-question rating scale used to assess severity. Data were obtained by medical record review with regard to demographics, characteristics of PH and known RLS risk factors. RESULTS Restless legs syndrome was found in 43.6% (24 of 55) (mean age +/- SD: 49 +/- 14 years; 41 women, 14 men) of patients and 54% of these had moderate or severe RLS. Patients with RLS were younger but gender differences were not appreciated. Presence of RLS did not correlate with measures of PH severity; however, patients with RLS were more likely to have a better 6-minute walk distance (p = 0.015) and lower BNP level (p = 0.07) and less likely to be WHO Class IV or require oxygen during the 6-minute walk test. Patients with a history of hypothyroidism (67%; p = 0.04) and those on opioids for relief of leg pain (69%) were more likely to have RLS. CONCLUSIONS Patients with PH had a very high prevalence of RLS and most had moderate or severe symptoms. RLS was more common in more active patients and those who were hypothyroid or on opioids for relief of leg pain. Patients with PH should be screened for RLS because good treatment options are available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar A Minai
- Department of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine and Sleep Disorders Center, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio 44195-5038, USA.
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Ahmed OM, El‐Gareib A, El‐bakry A, Abd El‐Tawab S, Ahmed R. Thyroid hormones states and brain development interactions. Int J Dev Neurosci 2007; 26:147-209. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2007.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2007] [Revised: 09/17/2007] [Accepted: 09/26/2007] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Osama M. Ahmed
- Zoology Department, Faculty of ScienceBeni Suef UniversityEgypt
| | - A.W. El‐Gareib
- Zoology Department, Faculty of ScienceCairo UniversityEgypt
| | - A.M. El‐bakry
- Zoology Department, Faculty of ScienceBeni Suef UniversityEgypt
| | | | - R.G. Ahmed
- Zoology Department, Faculty of ScienceBeni Suef UniversityEgypt
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Scott SA, Diaz NM, Ahmad SO. Stereologic analysis of cell number and size during postnatal development in the rat substantia nigra. Neurosci Lett 2007; 419:34-7. [PMID: 17481811 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2007.03.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2007] [Revised: 03/03/2007] [Accepted: 03/20/2007] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is characterized by age-related atrophy and loss of dopaminergic neurons within the compact portion of the substantia nigra (SNpc) projecting to neostriatum. Despite numerous studies using rodent models to examine mechanisms underlying this disorder, the fundamental question of whether development- or age-related changes occur in the rodent SNpc remains unanswered. The present study used a three-level, optical fractionator approach to estimate the number and size of SNpc neurons immunoreactive for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in eight young (2-month) and eight older (7-month) Sprague-Dawley rats. Following standard protocols for animal care and tissue harvesting, every eighth 60-microm section from a gapless coronal series was treated immunohistochemically for TH along with a thionin counterstain. Neither the ventral tegmental area nor the lateral part of the SN was included in the analysis. The total bilateral number of SNpc TH+ neurons (approximately 8000) was equivalent between groups, whereas mean TH+ neuronal volume decreased significantly in the older group (approximately 18%). In contrast, volume of the SNpc increased with age by 17%, as did volume of the entire brain (24%). TH+ cells in the SNpc were also significantly larger on the left versus right side of the brain. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that age-related volumetric expansion of the SNpc is accounted for by an increase in the ratio between neuropil and average neuron somal size during intermediate postnatal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel A Scott
- School of Physical Therapy, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, United States.
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Minai OA, Golish JA, Yataco JC, Budev MM, Blazey H, Giannini C. Restless legs syndrome in lung transplant recipients. J Heart Lung Transplant 2007; 26:24-9. [PMID: 17234513 DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2006.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2006] [Revised: 10/03/2006] [Accepted: 10/19/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Given the increased incidence of steroid-induced diabetes and drug-induced anemia, renal dysfunction and neuropathy, we believed that lung transplant recipients would be at an increased risk of developing restless legs syndrome (RLS). We performed a cross-sectional, observational study to determine the prevalence and characteristics of RLS in this population. METHODS Patients filled out two questionnaires during a routine visit: (1) a diagnostic tool for RLS, based on the core clinical features; and (2) a 10-question rating scale used to assess severity. Data were obtained by medical record review with regard to demographics, lung transplant characteristics and known risk factors for RLS. RESULTS Forty-two lung transplant recipients (age 46.6 +/- 15.4 years [mean +/- SD]; 24 women, 18 men) without a family history of RLS were recruited. RLS was found in 47.6% (20 of 42) of the patients and 80% had moderate or severe RLS. Seventy-five percent of those with RLS were women (p = 0.03). RLS patients had a serum calcium level that was higher than those without RLS (p = 0.05) and were more likely to be recipient (p = 0.02) or donor positive (p = 0.07) for cytomegalovirus (CMV). All 4 hypothyroid patients on replacement therapy were in the RLS group. The prevalence of diabetes mellitus and chronic renal failure were not significantly different between the RLS and non-RLS groups. CONCLUSIONS There was a very high prevalence of RLS in our lung transplant population and most patients had moderate or severe symptoms. RLS patients were more likely to be women, donor or recipient positive for CMV, hypothyroid, and to have an elevated serum calcium level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar A Minai
- Department of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195-5038, USA.
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Song L, McGee JA, Walsh EJ. Consequences of combined maternal, fetal and persistent postnatal hypothyroidism on the development of auditory function in Tshrhyt mutant mice. Brain Res 2006; 1101:59-72. [PMID: 16780814 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2006.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2006] [Revised: 05/06/2006] [Accepted: 05/09/2006] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Tshrhyt/hyt mutant mice express a point mutation in the gene encoding the thyrotropin receptor, and affected animals are congenitally hypothyroid and profoundly deaf as a consequence when the condition is untreated. In this investigation, a previously unrecognized developmental stage was identified in the hypothyroid, mutant progeny of hypothyroid dams by tracking developmental changes in the auditory brainstem response (ABR). ABR thresholds develop rapidly in normal, euthyroid animals, decreasing as much as 80 dB between P12 (postnatal day 12) and P15, with mature sensitivity being gradually acquired by P18. In contrast, Tshrhyt/hyt mutant mice remained profoundly deaf on P24 and although thresholds improved by approximately 30 dB by P60, residual frequency-dependent deficits of 20-70 dB were observed in animals exhibiting end-stage disease. The rate of threshold improvement in mutant mice was approximately ten times slower than in normal mice. While ABR wave latencies and interpeak intervals decreased early in postnatal life, values decreased over a delayed and protracted time period, reaching adult values well after those of controls attained maturity. As with normal mice, slopes of wave I latency-intensity curves were significantly steeper in immature animals than those observed in adults and decreased during development, but failed to achieve normal adult values and remained significantly steeper than those for controls. Findings reported here suggest that passive aspects of electromechanical transduction achieve maturity in Tshrhyt/hyt progeny of Tshrhyt/hyt mice and that development, limited as it may be, occurs most prominently in the basal half of the cochlea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Song
- Boys Town National Research Hospital, and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Creighton University School of Medicine, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, NE 68178, USA
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Siesser WB, Cheng SY, McDonald MP. Hyperactivity, impaired learning on a vigilance task, and a differential response to methylphenidate in the TRbetaPV knock-in mouse. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2005; 181:653-63. [PMID: 15983791 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-005-0024-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2004] [Accepted: 04/05/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE The thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) play a critical role in brain development, and thyroid abnormalities have been linked to a variety of psychiatric and neuropsychological disorders. Among patients with the rare genetic syndrome resistance to thyroid hormone (RTH), 40-70% meet the diagnostic criteria for attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). RTH is caused by a mutation in the thyroid receptor beta (Thrb) gene that results in reduced binding of T3 to its receptor and elevated concentrations of T3, T4, and thyroid-stimulating hormone. OBJECTIVES We tested a knock-in (KI) mouse expressing a mutant TRbeta allele (TRbetaPV) for the behavioral features of ADHD and their response to methylphenidate (MPH). METHODS The locomotor activity of the TRbetaPV KI mice was measured in activity monitors over multiple sessions. Sustained attention and the effects of MPH on attention were assessed using a vigilance task. RESULTS The TRbetaPV KI mice are hyperactive and have learning deficits on a vigilance task. Doses of MPH that impair the vigilance performance of wild-type mice do not affect the performance of the TRbetaPV KI mice. CONCLUSIONS The TRbetaPV KI mice provide a tool for studying the underlying neural deficits that contribute to thyroid-related neurological disorders, hyperactivity, and altered responsiveness to MPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- William B Siesser
- Program in Neuroscience, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232-0325, USA
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Tan EK, Ho SC, Koh L, Pavanni R. An urge to move with L-thyroxine: clinical, biochemical, and polysomnographic correlation. Mov Disord 2005; 19:1365-7. [PMID: 15378680 DOI: 10.1002/mds.20219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
We report on the cause and effect relationship of restless legs syndrome (RLS) with L-thyroxine treatment in a hypothyroid patient with low serum ferritin. Upon challenge and withdrawal of L-thyroxine, there was a significant change in the International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group severity score (26/40 to 6/40), the periodic limb movements (PMLS) index (20/hour to 10/hour), the number of arousals due to PLMS (59 to 22), sleep efficiency (74 to 85%), and biochemical parameters. RLS symptoms can complicate thyroxine replacement in at-risk hypothyroid patients with low serum ferritin. Early diagnosis and iron replacement could significantly reduce patient morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eng-King Tan
- Department of Neurology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore.
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Tan EK, Ho SC, Eng P, Loh LM, Koh L, Lum SY, Teoh ML, Yih Y, Khoo D. Restless legs symptoms in thyroid disorders. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2004; 10:149-51. [PMID: 15036169 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2003.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2003] [Revised: 11/20/2003] [Accepted: 11/25/2003] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Dopaminergic dysfunction is associated with thyroid disorders and restless legs syndrome (RLS). In a 'face-to-face' interview, we evaluated for RLS using the diagnostic criteria of the International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group (IRLSSG) in patients diagnosed biochemically with either hyper- or hypothyroidism, and in controls without thyroid disorders. Amongst 146 consecutive patients with biochemically confirmed thyroid disorders, none satisfied all the IRLSSG criteria of RLS, similar to the control population (0.2%, 1/434). However, we found 8.2% (12/146) with RLS-like symptoms (satisfied the first 3 IRLSSG criteria) compared to 0.9% (4/434) in the controls (p < 0.0001). Four (33.3%) of these patients reported complete resolution of these symptoms after treatment for their thyroid condition. In conclusion, while RLS-like symptoms were observed in some patients with thyroid disorders, our study demonstrates no significant difference of RLS prevalence between patients with thyroid disorders and euthyroid controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- E K Tan
- Department of Neurology, Division of Medicine, Singapore General Hospital, Outram Road, Singapore, Singapore 169608.
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Abstract
1. In addition to its role in cellular metabolic activity, thyroid hormone (TH) is critically involved in growth, development, and function of the central nervous system. In the brain, as in other structures, TH is described to exert its major action by the binding of L-3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3), considered as the bioactive form of the hormone, to nuclear thyroid hormone receptors (TR) that function as ligand-dependent transcription factors. 2. The transcription of numerous brain genes was indeed shown to be positively or negatively regulated by TH, turning these TR-mediated effects one explanation for the physiological effects of TH. In this context, the knowledge from TR-knockout studies provides some surprising results, since neonatal hypothyroidism is associated to more significant abnormalities than is TR deficiency. Some (nonexclusive) hypotheses include a permissive effect of TH, allowing derepression of unliganded-TR effects and non-TR-mediated effects of the hormone, further emphasizing the importance of a controlled accessibility of neural cells to TH. 3. On the other hand, T3 was demonstrated to directly act not only on neuronal but also on glial cells proliferation and differentiation, contributing to the harmonious development of the brain. Interestingly, in addition to these direct actions on neuronal and glial cells, several lines of evidence, notably developped in our laboratory, point out the role of thyroid hormone in neuronal-glial interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra König
- Departamento de Anatomia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21949-590, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Fuji JI, Fukuda R, Imoto F, Ooshima Y. New behavioral mutant rat exhibiting circling behavior (clx) controlled by a sex-linked recessive gene. Congenit Anom (Kyoto) 2002; 42:187-93. [PMID: 12502898 DOI: 10.1111/j.1741-4520.2002.tb00892.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
A male rat showing intermittent circling behavior was discovered among the Jcl:Wistar rats in our laboratories, and among its backcross offspring individuals showing the same behavior were found. The abnormalities in these animals were characterized by intermittent circling behavior (walking and/or running in circles) and head tossing with the neck twisted. No abnormalities were observed in fertility, delivery or pup mortality. The results of mating experiments indicated that the circling behavior phenotype is controlled by a single sex-linked recessive gene, and the mutant was named "circling behavior linked to X-chromosome (gene symbol: clx)." This circling behavior mutant is considered to be different from the previously reported mutants, the behavior in all of which has been found to be autosomally inherited. Sib-mating is continuing to produce an inbred strain with this newly discovered circling behavior mutant gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Ichiro Fuji
- Hikari Branch, Drug Safety Research Laboratories, Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Chemical Industries, Ltd., Hikari, Yamaguchi 743-8502, Japan.
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