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Liu G, Zhu G, Wu X, Tang Z, Shao W, Wang M, Xia H, Sun Q, Yan M. Thy-1 knockdown promotes the osteogenic differentiation of GMSCs via the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. J Cell Mol Med 2023; 27:3805-3815. [PMID: 37786319 PMCID: PMC10718136 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Gingival mesenchymal stem cells (GMSCs) are newly developed seed cells for tissue engineering owing to their easy isolation, abundance and high growth rates. Thy-1 is an important regulatory molecule in the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). In this study, we investigated the function of Thy-1 in the osteogenic differentiation of GMSCs by reducing the expression of Thy-1 using a lentivirus. The results demonstrated that Thy-1 knockdown promoted the osteogenic differentiation of GMSCs in vitro. Validation by RNA-seq revealed an obvious decrease in Vcam1 and Sox9 gene expression with Thy-1 knockdown. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis suggested that the differentially expressed genes were enriched in the Wnt signalling pathway. We further demonstrated that Thy-1 knockdown promoted osteogenic differentiation of GMSCs by activating the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway. Therefore, Thy-1 has a key regulatory role in the differentiation of GMSCs and maybe a core molecule connecting transcription factors related to the differentiation of MSCs. Our study also highlighted the potential of Thy-1 to modify MSCs, which may help improve their use in tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gufeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of StomatologyWuhan UniversityWuhanPeople's Republic of China
| | - Guixin Zhu
- The State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Xiaoyi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of StomatologyWuhan UniversityWuhanPeople's Republic of China
| | - Ziqiao Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of StomatologyWuhan UniversityWuhanPeople's Republic of China
| | - Wenjun Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of StomatologyWuhan UniversityWuhanPeople's Republic of China
| | - Min Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of StomatologyWuhan UniversityWuhanPeople's Republic of China
- Department of Oral Implantology, Hospital and School of StomatologyWuhan UniversityWuhanPeople's Republic of China
| | - Haibin Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of StomatologyWuhan UniversityWuhanPeople's Republic of China
- Department of Oral Implantology, Hospital and School of StomatologyWuhan UniversityWuhanPeople's Republic of China
| | - Quan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of StomatologyWuhan UniversityWuhanPeople's Republic of China
- Center for Prosthodontics and Implant Dentistry, Optics Valley Branch, School and Hospital of StomatologyWuhan UniversityWuhanPeople's Republic of China
| | - Mingdong Yan
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial & Stomatological Key lab of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of StomatologyFujian Medical UniversityFuzhouPeople's Republic of China
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Wu T, Xu W, Chen H, Li S, Dou R, Shen H, Liu X, Liu X, Hong Y, He J. Comparison of the differentiation of dental pulp stem cells and periodontal ligament stem cells into neuron-like cells and their effects on focal cerebral ischemia. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2020; 52:1016-1029. [PMID: 32845287 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmaa082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have reported an increasing incidence of ischemic stroke, particularly in younger age groups. Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) and periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) are the most common stem cells acquired from the teeth of adults, even elderly people. However, there are no detailed reports on whether DPSCs or PDLSCs are suitable for the treatment of ischemic stroke. In this study, the in vitro differentiation of DPSCs and PDLSCs into neuron-like cells was evaluated. Then, we established a rat model of cerebral ischemia. DPSCs or PDLSCs were administered to animals, and the therapeutic effects of these two types of cells were investigated. The results showed that PDLSCs had a higher differentiation rate than DPSCs. Immunofluorescence studies showed that the expression of the neuronal differentiation marker Thy-1 was higher in PDLSCs than in DPSCs, and other gene markers of neuronal differentiation showed corresponding trends, which were confirmed by western blot analysis. In this process, the Notch and Wnt signaling pathways were inhibited and activated, respectively. Finally, rats with transient occlusion of the right middle cerebral artery were used as a model to assess the therapeutic effect of PDLSCs and DPSCs on ischemia. The results showed that rats in the PDLSC-treated group emitted significantly greater red fluorescence signal than the DPSC-treated group. PDLSC transplantation promoted the recovery of neurological function more effectively than DPSC transplantation. Hence, PDLSCs represent an autogenous source of adult mesenchymal stem cells with desirable biological properties and may be an ideal candidate for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Wu
- Stomatologic Hospital & College, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Wanting Xu
- Stomatologic Hospital & College, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Hanlin Chen
- Stomatologic Hospital & College, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Shasha Li
- Stomatologic Hospital & College, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Rengang Dou
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230061, China
| | - Hongtao Shen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230061, China
| | - Xue Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230061, China
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- Stomatologic Hospital & College, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Yongfeng Hong
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230061, China
| | - Jiacai He
- Stomatologic Hospital & College, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Hefei 230001, China
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Tan C, Jiang M, Wong SS, Espinoza CR, Kim C, Li X, Connors E, Hagood JS. Soluble Thy-1 reverses lung fibrosis via its integrin-binding motif. JCI Insight 2019; 4:131152. [PMID: 31672942 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.131152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss of Thy-1 expression in fibroblasts correlates with lung fibrogenesis; however, the clinical relevance of therapeutic targeting of myofibroblasts via Thy-1-associated pathways remains to be explored. Using single (self-resolving) or repetitive (nonresolving) intratracheal administration of bleomycin in type 1 collagen-GFP reporter mice, we report that Thy-1 surface expression, but not mRNA, is reversibly diminished in activated fibroblasts and myofibroblasts in self-resolving fibrosis. However, Thy-1 mRNA expression is silenced in lung with nonresolving fibrosis following repetitive bleomycin administration, associated with persistent activation of αv integrin. Thy1-null mice showed progressive αv integrin activation and myofibroblast accumulation after a single dose of bleomycin. In vitro, targeting of αv integrin by soluble Thy-1-Fc (sThy-1), but not RLE-mutated Thy-1 or IgG, reversed TGF-β1-induced myofibroblast differentiation in a dose-dependent manner, suggesting that Thy-1's integrin-binding RGD motif is required for the reversibility of myofibroblast differentiation. In vivo, treatment of established fibrosis induced either by single-dose bleomycin in WT mice or by induction of active TGF-β1 by doxycycline in Cc10-rtTA-tTS-Tgfb1 mice with sThy-1 (1000 ng/kg, i.v.) promoted resolution of fibrosis. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that sThy-1 therapeutically inhibits the αv integrin-driven feedback loop that amplifies and sustains fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunting Tan
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Respiratory Medicine, UCSD, San Diego, California, USA.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Min Jiang
- Department of Pediatrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Simon S Wong
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Respiratory Medicine, UCSD, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Celia R Espinoza
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Respiratory Medicine, UCSD, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Ceonne Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Respiratory Medicine, UCSD, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Xiaoping Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Respiratory Medicine, UCSD, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Edward Connors
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Respiratory Medicine, UCSD, San Diego, California, USA
| | - James S Hagood
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Respiratory Medicine, UCSD, San Diego, California, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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Saalbach A, Anderegg U. Thy‐1: more than a marker for mesenchymal stromal cells. FASEB J 2019; 33:6689-6696. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.201802224r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anja Saalbach
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology, and AllergologyFaculty of MedicineLeipzig UniversityLeipzigGermany
| | - Ulf Anderegg
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology, and AllergologyFaculty of MedicineLeipzig UniversityLeipzigGermany
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Fiore VF, Wong SS, Tran C, Tan C, Xu W, Sulchek T, White ES, Hagood JS, Barker TH. αvβ3 Integrin drives fibroblast contraction and strain stiffening of soft provisional matrix during progressive fibrosis. JCI Insight 2018; 3:97597. [PMID: 30333317 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.97597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis is characterized by persistent deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) by fibroblasts. Fibroblast mechanosensing of a stiffened ECM is hypothesized to drive the fibrotic program; however, the spatial distribution of ECM mechanics and their derangements in progressive fibrosis are poorly characterized. Importantly, fibrosis presents with significant histopathological heterogeneity at the microscale. Here, we report that fibroblastic foci (FF), the regions of active fibrogenesis in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), are surprisingly of similar modulus as normal lung parenchyma and are nonlinearly elastic. In vitro, provisional ECMs with mechanical properties similar to those of FF activate both normal and IPF patient-derived fibroblasts, whereas type I collagen ECMs with similar mechanical properties do not. This is mediated, in part, by αvβ3 integrin engagement and is augmented by loss of expression of Thy-1, which regulates αvβ3 integrin avidity for ECM. Thy-1 loss potentiates cell contractility-driven strain stiffening of provisional ECM in vitro and causes elevated αvβ3 integrin activation, increased fibrosis, and greater mortality following fibrotic lung injury in vivo. These data suggest a central role for αvβ3 integrin and provisional ECM in overriding mechanical cues that normally impose quiescent phenotypes, driving progressive fibrosis through physical stiffening of the fibrotic niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent F Fiore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Simon S Wong
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Coleen Tran
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Chunting Tan
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Wenwei Xu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Todd Sulchek
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Eric S White
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - James S Hagood
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.,Rady Children's Hospital of San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Thomas H Barker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
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Liu X, Wong SS, Taype CA, Kim J, Shentu TP, Espinoza CR, Finley JC, Bradley JE, Head BP, Patel HH, Mah EJ, Hagood JS. Thy-1 interaction with Fas in lipid rafts regulates fibroblast apoptosis and lung injury resolution. J Transl Med 2017; 97:256-267. [PMID: 28165468 PMCID: PMC5663248 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2016.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2015] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Thy-1-negative lung fibroblasts are resistant to apoptosis. The mechanisms governing this process and its relevance to fibrotic remodeling remain poorly understood. By using either sorted or transfected lung fibroblasts, we found that Thy-1 expression is associated with downregulation of anti-apoptotic molecules Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL, as well as increased levels of cleaved caspase-9. Addition of rhFasL and staurosporine, well-known apoptosis inducers, caused significantly increased cleaved caspase-3, -8, and PARP in Thy-1-transfected cells. Furthermore, rhFasL induced Fas translocation into lipid rafts and its colocalization with Thy-1. These in vitro results indicate that Thy-1, in a manner dependent upon its glycophosphatidylinositol anchor and lipid raft localization, regulates apoptosis in lung fibroblasts via Fas-, Bcl-, and caspase-dependent pathways. In vivo, Thy-1 deficient (Thy1-/-) mice displayed persistence of myofibroblasts in the resolution phase of bleomycin-induced fibrosis, associated with accumulation of collagen and failure of lung fibrosis resolution. Apoptosis of myofibroblasts is decreased in Thy1-/- mice in the resolution phase. Collectively, these findings provide new evidence regarding the role and mechanisms of Thy-1 in initiating myofibroblast apoptosis that heralds the termination of the reparative response to bleomycin-induced lung injury. Understanding the mechanisms regulating fibroblast survival/apoptosis should lead to novel therapeutic interventions for lung fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiu Liu
- Respiratory Department, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Simon S Wong
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Carmen A Taype
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jeeyeon Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Tzu-Pin Shentu
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Celia R Espinoza
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - John E Bradley
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama-Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Brian P Head
- Department of Anesthesiology, UCSD, San Diego, CA, USA.,VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Hemal H Patel
- Department of Anesthesiology, UCSD, San Diego, CA, USA.,VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Emma J Mah
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - James S Hagood
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.,Division of Respiratory Medicine, Rady Children's Hospital of San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
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7
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Thy-1-Interacting Molecules and Cellular Signaling in Cis and Trans. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2013; 305:163-216. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-407695-2.00004-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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8
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Herrera-Molina R, Frischknecht R, Maldonado H, Seidenbecher CI, Gundelfinger ED, Hetz C, Aylwin MDLL, Schneider P, Quest AFG, Leyton L. Astrocytic αVβ3 integrin inhibits neurite outgrowth and promotes retraction of neuronal processes by clustering Thy-1. PLoS One 2012; 7:e34295. [PMID: 22479590 PMCID: PMC3316703 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0034295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2011] [Accepted: 02/28/2012] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Thy-1 is a membrane glycoprotein suggested to stabilize or inhibit growth of neuronal processes. However, its precise function has remained obscure, because its endogenous ligand is unknown. We previously showed that Thy-1 binds directly to α(V)β(3) integrin in trans eliciting responses in astrocytes. Nonetheless, whether α(V)β(3) integrin might also serve as a Thy-1-ligand triggering a neuronal response has not been explored. Thus, utilizing primary neurons and a neuron-derived cell line CAD, Thy-1-mediated effects of α(V)β(3) integrin on growth and retraction of neuronal processes were tested. In astrocyte-neuron co-cultures, endogenous α(V)β(3) integrin restricted neurite outgrowth. Likewise, α(V)β(3)-Fc was sufficient to suppress neurite extension in Thy-1(+), but not in Thy-1(-) CAD cells. In differentiating primary neurons exposed to α(V)β(3)-Fc, fewer and shorter dendrites were detected. This effect was abolished by cleavage of Thy-1 from the neuronal surface using phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C (PI-PLC). Moreover, α(V)β(3)-Fc also induced retraction of already extended Thy-1(+)-axon-like neurites in differentiated CAD cells as well as of axonal terminals in differentiated primary neurons. Axonal retraction occurred when redistribution and clustering of Thy-1 molecules in the plasma membrane was induced by α(V)β(3) integrin. Binding of α(V)β(3)-Fc was detected in Thy-1 clusters during axon retraction of primary neurons. Moreover, α(V)β(3)-Fc-induced Thy-1 clustering correlated in time and space with redistribution and inactivation of Src kinase. Thus, our data indicates that α(V)β(3) integrin is a ligand for Thy-1 that upon binding not only restricts the growth of neurites, but also induces retraction of already existing processes by inducing Thy-1 clustering. We propose that these events participate in bi-directional astrocyte-neuron communication relevant to axonal repair after neuronal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Herrera-Molina
- Programa de Biología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Centro de Estudios Moleculares de la Célula, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departament of Neurochemistry and Molecular Biology, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Renato Frischknecht
- Departament of Neurochemistry and Molecular Biology, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Horacio Maldonado
- Programa de Biología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Centro de Estudios Moleculares de la Célula, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Constanze I. Seidenbecher
- Departament of Neurochemistry and Molecular Biology, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Eckart D. Gundelfinger
- Departament of Neurochemistry and Molecular Biology, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Claudio Hetz
- Programa de Biología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Centro de Estudios Moleculares de la Célula, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - María de la Luz Aylwin
- Programa de Fisiología y Biofísica, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Centro de Neurociencias Integradas, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pascal Schneider
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Andrew F. G. Quest
- Programa de Biología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Centro de Estudios Moleculares de la Célula, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Lisette Leyton
- Programa de Biología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Centro de Estudios Moleculares de la Célula, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Bozdagi O, Nagy V, Kwei KT, Huntley GW. In vivo roles for matrix metalloproteinase-9 in mature hippocampal synaptic physiology and plasticity. J Neurophysiol 2007; 98:334-44. [PMID: 17493927 PMCID: PMC4415272 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00202.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular proteolysis is an important regulatory nexus for coordinating synaptic functional and structural plasticity, but the identity of such proteases is incompletely understood. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) have well-known, mostly deleterious roles in remodeling after injury or stroke, but their role in nonpathological synaptic plasticity and function in intact adult brains has not been extensively investigated. Here we address the role of MMP-9 in hippocampal synaptic plasticity using both gain- and loss-of-function approaches in urethane-anesthetized adult rats. Acute blockade of MMP-9 proteolytic activity with inhibitors or neutralizing antibodies impairs maintenance, but not induction, of long-term potentiation (LTP) at synapses formed between Schaffer-collaterals and area CA1 dendrites. LTP is associated with significant increases in levels of MMP-9 and proteolytic activity within the potentiated neuropil. By introducing a novel application of gelatin-substrate zymography in vivo, we find that LTP is associated with significantly elevated numbers of gelatinolytic puncta in the potentiated neuropil that codistribute with immunolabeling for MMP-9 and for markers of synapses and dendrites. Such increases in proteolytic activity require NMDA receptor activation. Exposing intact area CA1 neurons to recombinant-active MMP-9 induces a slow synaptic potentiation that mutually occludes, and is occluded by, tetanically evoked potentiation. Taken together, our data reveal novel roles for MMP-mediated proteolysis in regulating nonpathological synaptic function and plasticity in mature hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozlem Bozdagi
- Fishberg Dept of Neuroscience, The Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA
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10
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Yang SH, Chen YJ, Tung PY, Lai WL, Chen Y, Jeng CJ, Wang SM. Anti-Thy-1 antibody-induced neurite outgrowth in cultured dorsal root ganglionic neurons is mediated by the c-Src-MEK signaling pathway. J Cell Biochem 2007; 103:67-77. [PMID: 17486586 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.21387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Our previous study has shown that anti-Thy-1 antibody promotes neurite outgrowth of cultured dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons in a protein kinase A (PKA)-dependent manner. The present study provided another intracellular signaling pathway for the neurotrophic effect of anti-Thy-1 antibody. In DMSO-treated control cells, Thy-1 was enriched in microdomain-like structures on cell membranes by immunofluorescence observation. Treatment of DRG neurons with anti-Thy-1 antibody not only stimulated neurite outgrowth, but also increased the branching complexity of the neurites in both small and large neurons. We have previously shown that anti-Thy-1 antibody causes a time-dependent activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MEK) and of cyclic AMP response-element binding protein (CREB). Here, anti-Thy-1 antibody elicited a transient activation of c-Src kinase, and the activation of c-Src kinase appeared occurring upstream of the activation of MEK and CREB, since pretreatment with the Src kinase inhibitor, PP2, effectively abolished the anti-Thy-1 antibody-induced neurite outgrowth and the phosphorylation of MEK and CREB. CREB phosphorylation might result in upregulation of certain neurite outgrowth-related proteins. We therefore conclude that anti-Thy-1 antibody activates the c-Src kinase-MEK-CREB cascade and overcomes the inhibitory effect of Thy-1 on neurite outgrowth in DRG neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Hung Yang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10051, Taiwan
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11
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Rege TA, Hagood JS. Thy-1, a versatile modulator of signaling affecting cellular adhesion, proliferation, survival, and cytokine/growth factor responses. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2006; 1763:991-9. [PMID: 16996153 PMCID: PMC1781924 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2006.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2006] [Revised: 08/13/2006] [Accepted: 08/16/2006] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Thy-1 is a 25-37 kDa glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored protein involved in T cell activation, neurite outgrowth, apoptosis, tumor suppression, wound healing, and fibrosis. To mediate these diverse effects, Thy-1 participates in multiple signaling cascades. In this review, we discuss Thy-1 signaling primarily in non-immunologic cell types, including neurons, mesangial cells, ovarian cancer cells, nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells, endothelial cells, and fibroblasts. We review the current literature regarding Thy-1 signaling via integrins, protein tyrosine kinases, and cytokines and growth factors; and the roles of these signaling pathways in cellular adhesion, apoptosis, cell proliferation, and cell adhesion and migration. We also discuss the role of Thy-1 localization to lipid rafts, and of the GPI anchor in Thy-1 signaling. Ongoing research on the mechanisms of Thy-1 signaling will add to our understanding of the diverse physiologic and pathologic processes in which Thy-1 plays a role.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - James S. Hagood
- *Correspondence: Department of Pediatrics & Cell Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, VH 648A, 1670 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL 35294-0019, Tel. 205-934-6458, Fax 205-996-2333,
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Rege TA, Hagood JS. Thy-1 as a regulator of cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions in axon regeneration, apoptosis, adhesion, migration, cancer, and fibrosis. FASEB J 2006; 20:1045-54. [PMID: 16770003 DOI: 10.1096/fj.05-5460rev] [Citation(s) in RCA: 251] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Thy-1 (CD90) is a 25-37 kDa glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) -anchored glycoprotein expressed on many cell types, including T cells, thymocytes, neurons, endothelial cells, and fibroblasts. Activation of Thy-1 can promote T cell activation, and this role of Thy-1 is reviewed elsewhere. Thy-1 also affects numerous nonimmunologic biological processes, including cellular adhesion, neurite outgrowth, tumor growth, migration, and cell death. In reviewing the nonimmunologic functions of Thy-1, we discuss the phenotype of the Thy-1 null mouse, signaling pathways modulated by Thy-1, the role of the GPI anchor in Thy-1 localization to lipid rafts and signaling, and regulation of Thy-1 expression. Thy-1 is an important regulator of cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions, with important roles in nerve regeneration, metastasis, inflammation, and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya A Rege
- The Department Cell Biology and Medical Scientist Training Program, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, VH 648A, 1670 University Blvd., Birmingham, Alabama 35294-0019, USA
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Aponte PM, van Bragt MPA, de Rooij DG, van Pelt AMM. Spermatogonial stem cells: characteristics and experimental possibilities. APMIS 2006; 113:727-42. [PMID: 16480445 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0463.2005.apm_302.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The continuation of the spermatogenic process throughout life relies on a proper regulation of self-renewal and differentiation of the spermatogonial stem cells. These are single cells situated on the basal membrane of the seminiferous epithelium. Only 0.03% of all germ cells are spermatogonial stem cells. They are the only cell type that can repopulate and restore fertility to congenitally infertile recipient mice following transplantation. Although numerous expression markers have been helpful in isolating and enriching spermatogonial stem cells, such as expression of THY-1 and GFRalpha-1 and absence of c-kit, no specific marker for this cell type has yet been identified. Much effort has been put into developing a protocol for the maintenance of spermatogonial cells in vitro. Recently, coculture systems of testicular cells on various feeder cells have made it possible to culture spermatogonial stem cells for a long period of time, as was demonstrated by the transplantation assay. Even expansion of testicular cells, including the spermatogonial stem cells, has been achieved. In these culture systems, hormones and growth factors are investigated for their role in the process of proliferation of spermatogonial stem cells. At the moment the best culture system known still consists of a mixture of testicular cells with about 1.33% spermatogonial stem cells. Recently pure SV40 large T immortalized spermatogonial stem cell lines have been established. These c-kit-negative cell lines did not show any differentiation in vitro or in vivo. A telomerase immortalized c-kit-positive spermatogonial cell line has been established that was able to differentiate in vitro. Spermatocytes and even spermatids were formed. However, spermatogonial stem cell activity by means of the transplantation assay was not tested for this cell line. Both the primary long-term cultures and immortalized cell lines have represented a major step forward in investigating the regulation of spermatogonial self-renewal and differentiation, and will be useful for identifying specific molecular markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro M Aponte
- Department of Endocrinology, Faculty of Biology, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
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Díaz-López A, Rivas C, Iniesta P, Morán A, García-Aranda C, Megías D, Sánchez-Pernaute A, Torres A, Díaz-Rubio E, Benito M, De Juan C. Characterization of MDGA1, a novel human glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored protein localized in lipid rafts. Exp Cell Res 2005; 307:91-9. [PMID: 15922729 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2005.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2004] [Revised: 02/03/2005] [Accepted: 02/10/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
We report the characterization of the novel human protein MDGA1 encoded by MDGA1 (MAM domain containing glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor-1) gene, firstly termed as GPIM. MDGA1 has been mapped to 6p21 and it is expressed in human tissues and tumors. The deduced polypeptide consists of 955 amino acids and exhibits structural features found in different types of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs), such as the presence of both immunoglobulin domains and a MAM domain or the capacity to anchor to the cell membrane by a GPI (glycosylphosphatidylinositol) motif. Our results demonstrate that human MDGA1 (hMDGA1) is localized in the membrane of eukaryotic cells. The protein follows the secretion pathway and finally it is retained in the cell membrane by a GPI anchor, susceptible to be cleavaged by phospholipase C (PI-PLC). Moreover, our results reveal that hMDGA1 is localized specifically into membrane microdomains known as lipid rafts. Finally, as other proteins of the secretory pathway, hMDGA1 undergoes other post-translational modification consisting of N-glycosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Díaz-López
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular II, Facultad de Farmacia, Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Chen CH, Wang SM, Yang SH, Jeng CJ. Role of Thy-1 in in vivo and in vitro neural development and regeneration of dorsal root ganglionic neurons. J Cell Biochem 2005; 94:684-94. [PMID: 15547945 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.20341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
We have examined the expression of Thy-1, an abundant glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored glycoprotein, in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and associated nerve fascicles, during postnatal development and following a nerve crush. The expression levels of Thy-1 in DRG neurons, dorsal roots, and central processes in spinal cord were rather low at postnatal day 2, and gradually increased as DRG neurons matured. During early development, the expression of Thy-1 within DRG neurons was low and equally distributed between plasma membrane and cytosol. With maturation, the staining intensities of Thy-1 in both the plasma membrane and the cytosol of DRG neurons became increased. We also studied Thy-1 expression in the regeneration of mature DRG neurons following the crush injury of sciatic nerve. Two days after the crush injury, Thy-1 expression dramatically decreased in the DRG neurons on the lesion side. Between 4 and 7 days after the injury, the expression of Thy-1 gradually increased and returned to a normal level 1 week after the sciatic nerve crush. The time course of the up-regulation of Thy-1 expression during regeneration matched that of the recovery of sensory functions, such as pain withdraw reflex, placing reflex, and the score of Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan Locomotor Rating Scale. Taken together, our results suggest that Thy-1 expression is developmentally regulated and is closely associated with the functional maturation of DRG neurons during both postnatal development and nerve regeneration. Furthermore, perturbation of Thy-1 function with anti-Thy-1 antibodies promoted neurite outgrowth from primary cultured DRG neurons, again confirming the inhibitory role of Thy-1 on neurite outgrowth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Hsing Chen
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Reuter A, Málaga-Trillo E, Binkle U, Rivera-Milla E, Beltre R, Zhou Y, Bastmeyer M, Stuermer CA. Evolutionary Analysis and Expression of Teleost Thy-1. Zebrafish 2004; 1:191-201. [DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2004.1.191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Reuter
- Department of Biology, Neurobiology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | | | - Ulrike Binkle
- Department of Biology, Neurobiology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Eric Rivera-Milla
- Department of Biology, Neurobiology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Rosanna Beltre
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children’s Hospital Boston and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yi Zhou
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children’s Hospital Boston and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Martin Bastmeyer
- Department of Biology, Neurobiology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
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Deininger SO, Rajendran L, Lottspeich F, Przybylski M, Illges H, Stuermer CAO, Reuter A. Identification of teleost Thy-1 and association with the microdomain/lipid raft reggie proteins in regenerating CNS axons. Mol Cell Neurosci 2003; 22:544-54. [PMID: 12727449 DOI: 10.1016/s1044-7431(03)00028-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
During regeneration, retinal ganglion cell axons in fish upregulate a cell surface protein that is recognized by the monoclonal antibody (mAB) M802. M802 antigen appeared to be linked to the intracellular, membrane-associated lipid raft/microdomain proteins reggie-1 and reggie-2 that were previously shown to be reexpressed in axon-regenerating neurons [Development 124 (1997), 577]. Here, we report the isolation of the M802 antigen and its identification as the teleost homolog of mammalian Thy-1. Fish Thy-1 is detected in the same detergent-insoluble lipid raft fractions from a fibroblast cell line and from axon regenerating retinae as reggie-1 and 2. Importantly, mAB M802 coimmunoprecipitates reggie-1 and 2 from this lipid raft fraction, implying that fish Thy-1 and reggies interact. This correlates with their colocalization in growing cell processes after M802 antigen/Thy-1 activation with mAB M802. These findings suggest a role of clustered M802 antigen/Thy-1 in reggie raft microdomains for cell growth and axon regeneration.
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