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Ma Y, Bendl J, Hartley BJ, Fullard JF, Abdelaal R, Ho SM, Kosoy R, Gochman P, Rapoport J, Hoffman GE, Brennand KJ, Roussos P. Activity-Dependent Transcriptional Program in NGN2+ Neurons Enriched for Genetic Risk for Brain-Related Disorders. Biol Psychiatry 2024; 95:187-198. [PMID: 37454787 PMCID: PMC10787819 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2023.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Converging evidence from large-scale genetic and postmortem studies highlights the role of aberrant neurotransmission and genetic regulation in brain-related disorders. However, identifying neuronal activity-regulated transcriptional programs in the human brain and understanding how changes contribute to disease remain challenging. METHODS To better understand how the activity-dependent regulome contributes to risk for brain-related disorders, we profiled the transcriptomic and epigenomic changes following neuronal depolarization in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived glutamatergic neurons (NGN2) from 6 patients with schizophrenia and 5 control participants. RESULTS Multiomic data integration associated global patterns of chromatin accessibility with gene expression and identified enhancer-promoter interactions in glutamatergic neurons. Within 1 hour of potassium chloride-induced depolarization, independent of diagnosis, glutamatergic neurons displayed substantial activity-dependent changes in the expression of genes regulating synaptic function. Depolarization-induced changes in the regulome revealed significant heritability enrichment for schizophrenia and Parkinson's disease, adding to mounting evidence that sequence variation within activation-dependent regulatory elements contributes to the genetic risk for brain-related disorders. Gene coexpression network analysis elucidated interactions among activity-dependent and disease-associated genes and pointed to a key driver (NAV3) that interacted with multiple genes involved in axon guidance. CONCLUSIONS Overall, we demonstrated that deciphering the activity-dependent regulome in glutamatergic neurons reveals novel targets for advanced diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan Ma
- Center for Disease Neurogenomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Department of Genetics and Genomic Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Jaroslav Bendl
- Center for Disease Neurogenomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Department of Genetics and Genomic Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Brigham J Hartley
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Black Family Stem Cell Institute, New York, New York
| | - John F Fullard
- Center for Disease Neurogenomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Department of Genetics and Genomic Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Rawan Abdelaal
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Black Family Stem Cell Institute, New York, New York
| | - Seok-Man Ho
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Black Family Stem Cell Institute, New York, New York
| | - Roman Kosoy
- Center for Disease Neurogenomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Department of Genetics and Genomic Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Peter Gochman
- Childhood Psychiatry Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Judith Rapoport
- Childhood Psychiatry Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Gabriel E Hoffman
- Center for Disease Neurogenomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Department of Genetics and Genomic Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Kristen J Brennand
- Center for Disease Neurogenomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Black Family Stem Cell Institute, New York, New York.
| | - Panos Roussos
- Center for Disease Neurogenomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Department of Genetics and Genomic Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Center for Dementia Research, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, New York; Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, New York.
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2
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Sandeep P, Sharma P, Luhach K, Dhiman N, Kharkwal H, Sharma B. Neuron navigators: A novel frontier with physiological and pathological implications. Mol Cell Neurosci 2023; 127:103905. [PMID: 37972804 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2023.103905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuron navigators are microtubule plus-end tracking proteins containing basic and serine rich regions which are encoded by neuron navigator genes (NAVs). Neuron navigator proteins are essential for neurite outgrowth, neuronal migration, and overall neurodevelopment along with some other functions as well. The navigator proteins are substantially expressed in the developing brain and have been reported to be differentially expressed in various tissues at different ages. Over the years, the research has found neuron navigators to be implicated in a spectrum of pathological conditions such as developmental anomalies, neurodegenerative disorders, neuropathic pain, anxiety, cancers, and certain inflammatory conditions. The existing knowledge about neuron navigators remains sparse owing to their differential functions, undiscovered modulators, and unknown molecular mechanisms. Investigating the possible role of neuron navigators in various physiological processes and pathological conditions pose as a novel field that requires extensive research and might provide novel mechanistic insights and understanding of these aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parth Sandeep
- Department of Pharmacology, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India
| | - Poonam Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India
| | - Kanishk Luhach
- Department of Pharmacology, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India
| | - Neerupma Dhiman
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India
| | - Harsha Kharkwal
- Amity Natural and Herbal Product Research, Amity Institute of Phytochemistry and Phytomedicine, Amity University, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Bhupesh Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India.
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3
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Bugaeva O, Maliniemi P, Prestvik WS, Leivo E, Kluger N, Salava A, Virtanen S, Jäntti K, Saksela O, Lehti K, Kujala P, Krohn K, Ranki A. Tumour Suppressor Neuron Navigator 3 and Matrix Metalloproteinase 14 are Co-expressed in Most Melanomas but Downregulated in Thick Tumours. Acta Derm Venereol 2023; 103:adv00883. [PMID: 36883877 PMCID: PMC10010123 DOI: 10.2340/actadv.v103.298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is a highly metastatic tumour originating from neural crest-derived melanocytes. The aim of this study was to analyse the expression of neuron navigator 3 (NAV3) in relation to membrane type-1 matrix metalloproteinase MMP14, a major regulator of invasion, in 40 primary melanomas, 15 benign naevi and 2 melanoma cell lines. NAV3 copy number changes were found in 18/27 (67%) primary melanomas, so that deletions dominated (16/27 of samples, 59%). NAV3 protein was found to be localized at the leading edge of migrating melanoma cells in vitro. Silencing of NAV3 reduced both melanoma cell migration in 2-dimensional conditions, as well as sprouting in 3-dimensional collagen I. NAV3 protein expression correlated with MMP14 in 26/37 (70%) primary melanomas. NAV3 and MMP14 were co-expressed in all tumours with Breslow thickness < 1 mm, in 11/23 of mid-thickness tumours (1-5 mm), but in only 1/6 samples of thick (> 5 mm) melanomas. Altogether, NAV3 number changes are frequent in melanomas, and NAV3 and MMP14, while expressed in all thin melanomas, are often downregulated in thicker tumours, suggesting that the lack of both NAV3 and MMP14 favours melanoma progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Bugaeva
- 1Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Research Program Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Pilvi Maliniemi
- 1Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland,
| | - Wenche S Prestvik
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Eeva Leivo
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nicolas Kluger
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Alexander Salava
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Kirsi Jäntti
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Olli Saksela
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kaisa Lehti
- 1Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Research Program Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Kaj Krohn
- Clinical Research Institute HUCH, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Annamari Ranki
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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4
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Signaling pathways in rheumatoid arthritis: implications for targeted therapy. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:68. [PMID: 36797236 PMCID: PMC9935929 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01331-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an incurable systemic autoimmune disease. Disease progression leads to joint deformity and associated loss of function, which significantly impacts the quality of life for sufferers and adds to losses in the labor force. In the past few decades, RA has attracted increased attention from researchers, the abnormal signaling pathways in RA are a very important research field in the diagnosis and treatment of RA, which provides important evidence for understanding this complex disease and developing novel RA-linked intervention targets. The current review intends to provide a comprehensive overview of RA, including a general introduction to the disease, historical events, epidemiology, risk factors, and pathological process, highlight the primary research progress of the disease and various signaling pathways and molecular mechanisms, including genetic factors, epigenetic factors, summarize the most recent developments in identifying novel signaling pathways in RA and new inhibitors for treating RA. therapeutic interventions including approved drugs, clinical drugs, pre-clinical drugs, and cutting-edge therapeutic technologies. These developments will hopefully drive progress in new strategically targeted therapies and hope to provide novel ideas for RA treatment options in the future.
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5
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Powers RM, Hevner RF, Halpain S. The Neuron Navigators: Structure, function, and evolutionary history. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 15:1099554. [PMID: 36710926 PMCID: PMC9877351 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.1099554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuron navigators (Navigators) are cytoskeletal-associated proteins important for neuron migration, neurite growth, and axon guidance, but they also function more widely in other tissues. Recent studies have revealed novel cellular functions of Navigators such as macropinocytosis, and have implicated Navigators in human disorders of axon growth. Navigators are present in most or all bilaterian animals: vertebrates have three Navigators (NAV1-3), Drosophila has one (Sickie), and Caenorhabditis elegans has one (Unc-53). Structurally, Navigators have conserved N- and C-terminal regions each containing specific domains. The N-terminal region contains a calponin homology (CH) domain and one or more SxIP motifs, thought to interact with the actin cytoskeleton and mediate localization to microtubule plus-end binding proteins, respectively. The C-terminal region contains two coiled-coil domains, followed by a AAA+ family nucleoside triphosphatase domain of unknown activity. The Navigators appear to have evolved by fusion of N- and C-terminal region homologs present in simpler organisms. Overall, Navigators participate in the cytoskeletal response to extracellular cues via microtubules and actin filaments, in conjunction with membrane trafficking. We propose that uptake of fluid-phase cues and nutrients and/or downregulation of cell surface receptors could represent general mechanisms that explain Navigator functions. Future studies developing new models, such as conditional knockout mice or human cerebral organoids may reveal new insights into Navigator function. Importantly, further biochemical studies are needed to define the activities of the Navigator AAA+ domain, and to study potential interactions among different Navigators and their binding partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina M. Powers
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States,Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Robert F. Hevner
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA, United States,Department of Pathology, UC San Diego School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Shelley Halpain
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States,Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA, United States,*Correspondence: Shelley Halpain, ✉
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6
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Lee EH, Zinshteyn D, Miglo F, Wang MQ, Reinach J, Chau CM, Grosstephan JM, Correa I, Costa K, Vargas A, Johnson A, Longo SM, Alexander JI, O'Reilly AM. Sequential events during the quiescence to proliferation transition establish patterns of follicle cell differentiation in the Drosophila ovary. Biol Open 2023; 12:bio059625. [PMID: 36524613 PMCID: PMC9867896 DOI: 10.1242/bio.059625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells cycle between periods of quiescence and proliferation to promote tissue health. In Drosophila ovaries, quiescence to proliferation transitions of follicle stem cells (FSCs) are exquisitely feeding-dependent. Here, we demonstrate feeding-dependent induction of follicle cell differentiation markers, eyes absent (Eya) and castor (Cas) in FSCs, a patterning process that does not depend on proliferation induction. Instead, FSCs extend micron-scale cytoplasmic projections that dictate Eya-Cas patterning. We identify still life and sickie as necessary and sufficient for FSC projection growth and Eya-Cas induction. Our results suggest that sequential, interdependent events establish long-term differentiation patterns in follicle cell precursors, independently of FSC proliferation induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric H. Lee
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
- Immersion Science Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Daniel Zinshteyn
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Fred Miglo
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
- Immersion Science Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Melissa Q. Wang
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
- Immersion Science Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Jessica Reinach
- Immersion Science Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Cindy M. Chau
- Immersion Science Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | | | - Iliana Correa
- Immersion Science Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Kelly Costa
- Immersion Science Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Alberto Vargas
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Aminah Johnson
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Sheila M. Longo
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
- Drexel University College of Medicine, Molecular and Cellular Biology and Genetics Graduate Program, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA
| | - Jennifer I. Alexander
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
- Immersion Science Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Alana M. O'Reilly
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
- Immersion Science Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
- Drexel University College of Medicine, Molecular and Cellular Biology and Genetics Graduate Program, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA
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7
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NAV3 Is a Novel Prognostic Biomarker Affecting the Immune Status of the Tumor Microenvironment in Colorectal Cancer. J Immunol Res 2022; 2022:8337048. [PMID: 35812247 PMCID: PMC9262578 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8337048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignant tumors in the world. Tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a crucial role in the development of CRC. With the deep understanding of TME function, growing studies have demonstrated that alteration in tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TICs) and gene expressions are associated with clinical outcomes of various tumors. In this study, we aimed to recognize critical prognostic genes involved in immune states in TME of CRC. Hence, the proportion of TICs and the number of immune and stromal components in CRC samples from TCGA datasets were calculated by the use of CIBERSORT and ESTIMATE calculation methods. Different assays were applied to collect differential expression genes (DEGs) shared by the ImmuneScore and StromalScore. DEGs were further analyzed by the use of univariate Cox regression. Our attention focused on neuron navigator 3 (NAV3) which was highly expressed in CRC specimens and associated with an advanced clinical stage and poor prognosis of CRC patients. KEGG assays revealed that NAV3 may be involved in Alzheimer disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington disease, FoxO signaling pathway, and human papillomavirus infection. Correlation assays showed that macrophage M0 and B cells memory, NK cells activated, dendritic cells resting, T cells CD4 memory activated, and T cells CD8 were correlated with NAV3 expression, indicating that NAV3 may represent the immune status of TME. Finally, RT-PCR confirmed that NAV3 expression was distinctly increased in CRC cells, and its knockdown suppressed the proliferation of CRC cells. Overall, NAV3 could be used as a novel predictor for TME of CRC and might be a novel prognostic biomarker. In the future, drugs targeting NAV3 might be developed as a potential immunotherapy for CRC patients.
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Sánchez-Huertas C, Bonhomme M, Falco A, Fagotto-Kaufmann C, van Haren J, Jeanneteau F, Galjart N, Debant A, Boudeau J. The +TIP Navigator-1 is an actin-microtubule crosslinker that regulates axonal growth cone motility. J Cell Biol 2021; 219:151835. [PMID: 32497170 PMCID: PMC7480110 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201905199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Microtubule (MT) plus-end tracking proteins (+TIPs) are central players in the coordination between the MT and actin cytoskeletons in growth cones (GCs) during axon guidance. The +TIP Navigator-1 (NAV1) is expressed in the developing nervous system, yet its neuronal functions remain poorly elucidated. Here, we report that NAV1 controls the dynamics and motility of the axonal GCs of cortical neurons in an EB1-dependent manner and is required for axon turning toward a gradient of netrin-1. NAV1 accumulates in F-actin-rich domains of GCs and binds actin filaments in vitro. NAV1 can also bind MTs independently of EB1 in vitro and crosslinks nonpolymerizing MT plus ends to actin filaments in axonal GCs, preventing MT depolymerization in F-actin-rich areas. Together, our findings pinpoint NAV1 as a key player in the actin-MT crosstalk that promotes MT persistence at the GC periphery and regulates GC steering. Additionally, we present data assigning to NAV1 an important role in the radial migration of cortical projection neurons in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Sánchez-Huertas
- Centre de Recherche en Biologie Cellulaire de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Montpellier, France
| | - Marion Bonhomme
- Centre de Recherche en Biologie Cellulaire de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Montpellier, France
| | - Amandine Falco
- Centre de Recherche en Biologie Cellulaire de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Montpellier, France
| | - Christine Fagotto-Kaufmann
- Centre de Recherche en Biologie Cellulaire de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Montpellier, France
| | - Jeffrey van Haren
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Freddy Jeanneteau
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, University of Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Montpellier, France
| | - Niels Galjart
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Anne Debant
- Centre de Recherche en Biologie Cellulaire de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Montpellier, France
| | - Jérôme Boudeau
- Centre de Recherche en Biologie Cellulaire de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Montpellier, France
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9
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Gomes-Duarte A, Bauer S, Venø MT, Norwood BA, Henshall DC, Kjems J, Rosenow F, Vangoor VR, Pasterkamp RJ. Enrichment of Circular RNA Expression Deregulation at the Transition to Recurrent Spontaneous Seizures in Experimental Temporal Lobe Epilepsy. Front Genet 2021; 12:627907. [PMID: 33584828 PMCID: PMC7876452 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.627907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (mTLE) is a common form of epilepsy and is characterized by recurrent spontaneous seizures originating from the temporal lobe. The majority of mTLE patients develop pharmacoresistance to available anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs) while exhibiting severe pathological changes that can include hippocampal atrophy, neuronal death, gliosis and chronic seizures. The molecular mechanisms leading to mTLE remain incompletely understood, but are known to include defects in post-transcriptional gene expression regulation, including in non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a class of recently rediscovered ncRNAs with high levels of expression in the brain and proposed roles in diverse neuronal processes. To explore a potential role for circRNAs in epilepsy, RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) was performed on hippocampal tissue from a rat perforant pathway stimulation (PPS) model of TLE at different post-stimulation time points. This analysis revealed 218 differentially expressed (DE) circRNAs. Remarkably, the majority of these circRNAs were changed at the time of the occurrence of the first spontaneous seizure (DOFS). The expression pattern of two circRNAs, circ_Arhgap4 and circ_Nav3, was further validated and linked to miR-6328 and miR-10b-3p target regulation, respectively. This is the first study to examine the regulation of circRNAs during the development of epilepsy. It reveals an intriguing link between circRNA deregulation and the transition of brain networks into the state of spontaneous seizure activity. Together, our results provide a molecular framework for further understanding the role and mechanism-of-action of circRNAs in TLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreia Gomes-Duarte
- Affiliated Partner of the European Reference Network EpiCARE, Department of Translational Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Sebastian Bauer
- Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main, Neurocenter, University Hospital Frankfurt and Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.,Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Morten T Venø
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Centre, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Omiics ApS, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Braxton A Norwood
- Department of Neuroscience, Expesicor Inc., Kalispell, MT, United States.,Diagnostics Development, FYR Diagnostics, Missoula, MT, United States
| | - David C Henshall
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.,FutureNeuro, The Science Foundation Ireland Research Centre for Chronic and Rare Neurological Diseases, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jørgen Kjems
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Centre, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Felix Rosenow
- Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main, Neurocenter, University Hospital Frankfurt and Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.,Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Vamshidhar R Vangoor
- Affiliated Partner of the European Reference Network EpiCARE, Department of Translational Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - R Jeroen Pasterkamp
- Affiliated Partner of the European Reference Network EpiCARE, Department of Translational Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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Pook C, Ahrens JM, Clagett-Dame M. Expression pattern of Nav2 in the murine CNS with development. Gene Expr Patterns 2020; 35:119099. [PMID: 32081718 DOI: 10.1016/j.gep.2020.119099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Neuron navigator 2 (NAV2, RAINB1, POMFIL2, HELAD1, unc53H2) is essential for nervous system development. In the present study the spatial distribution of Nav2 transcript in mouse CNS during embryonic, postnatal and adult life is examined. Because multiple NAV2 proteins are predicted based on alternate promoter usage and RNA splicing, in situ hybridization was performed using probes designed to the 5' and 3' ends of the Nav2 transcript, and PCR products using primer sets spanning the length of the mRNA were also examined by real time PCR (qPCR). These studies support full-length Nav2 transcript as the predominant form in the wild-type mouse CNS. The developing cortex, hippocampus, thalamus, olfactory bulb, and granule cells (GC) within the cerebellum show the highest expression, with a similar staining pattern using either the 5'Nav2 or 3'Nav2 probe. Nav2 is expressed in GC precursors migrating over the cerebellar primordium as well as in the postmitotic premigratory cells of the external granule cell layer (EGL). It is expressed in the cornu ammonis (CA) and dentate gyrus (DG) throughout hippocampal development. In situ hybridization was combined with immunohistochemistry for Ki67, CTIP2 and Nissl staining to follow Nav2 transcript location during cortical development, where it is observed in neuroepithelial cells exiting the germinal compartments, as well as later in the cortical plate (CP) and developing cortical layers. The highest levels of Nav2 in all brain regions studied are observed in late gestation and early postnatal life which coincides with times when neurons are migrating and differentiating. A hypomorphic mouse that lacks the full-length transcript but expresses shorter transcript shows little staining in the CNS with either probe set except at the base of the cerebellum, where a shorter Nav2 transcript is detected. Using dual fluorescent probe in situ hybridization studies, these cells are identified as oligodendrocytes and are detected using both Olig1 and the 3'Nav2 probe. The identification of full-length Nav2 as the primary transcript in numerous brain regions suggests NAV2 could play a role in CNS development beyond that of its well-established role in the cerebellum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin Pook
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA; Medical College of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Campus, Wauwatosa, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Jamie M Ahrens
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Margaret Clagett-Dame
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA; Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, 53706, USA.
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p73 - NAV3 axis plays a critical role in suppression of colon cancer metastasis. Oncogenesis 2020; 9:12. [PMID: 32029709 PMCID: PMC7005187 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-020-0193-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
p73 is a member of the p53 tumor suppressor family, which transactivates p53-responsive genes and mediates DNA damage response. Recent evidences suggest that p73 exerts its tumor suppressor functions by suppressing metastasis, but the exact mechanism remains unknown. Here, we identify Navigator-3 (NAV3), a microtubule-binding protein, as a novel transcriptional target of p73, which gets upregulated by DNA damage in a p73-dependent manner and plays a vital role in p73-mediated inhibition of cancer cell invasion, migration, and metastasis. Induction of p73 in response to DNA damage leads to rapid increase in endogenous NAV3 mRNA and protein levels. Through bioinformatic analysis, we identified two p73-binding sites in NAV3 promoter. Consistent with this, p73 binding to NAV3 promoter was confirmed through luciferase, Chromatin Immunoprecipitation, and site-directed mutagenesis assays. Abrogation of NAV3 and p73 expression significantly increased the invasion and migration rate of colorectal cancer cells as confirmed by wound-healing, cell invasion, and cell migration assays. Also, knockdown of NAV3 decreased the expression of E-cadherin and increased the expression of other prominent mesenchymal markers such as N-cadherin, Snail, Vimentin, and Fibronectin. Immunohistochemistry analysis revealed the downregulation of both NAV3 and p73 expression in metastatic colon cancer tissues as compared to non-metastatic cancer tissues. Additionally, the expression pattern of NAV3 and p73 showed extensively significant correlation in both non-metastatic and metastatic human colon cancer tissue samples. Taken together, our study provide conclusive evidence that Navigator-3 is a direct transcriptional target of p73 and plays crucial role in response to genotoxic stress in p73-mediated inhibition of cancer cell invasion, migration, and metastasis.
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van Reij RRI, Hoofwijk DMN, Rutten BPF, Weinhold L, Leber M, Joosten EAJ, Ramirez A, van den Hoogen NJ. The association between genome-wide polymorphisms and chronic postoperative pain: a prospective observational study. Anaesthesia 2020; 75 Suppl 1:e111-e120. [PMID: 31903573 PMCID: PMC6973279 DOI: 10.1111/anae.14832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Chronic postoperative pain is common and can have a negative impact on quality of life. Recent studies show that genetic risk factors are likely to play a role, although only gene‐targeted analysis has been used to date. This is the first genome‐wide association study to identify single‐nucleotide polymorphisms associated with the development of chronic postoperative pain based on two independent cohorts. In a discovery cohort, 330 women scheduled for hysterectomy were genotyped. A case–control association analysis compared patients without chronic postoperative pain and the 34 who had severe chronic postoperative pain 3 months after surgery. No single‐nucleotide polymorphisms reached genome‐wide significance, but several showed suggestive associations with chronic postoperative pain (p < 1 × 10−5). Single‐nucleotide polymorphisms with significance p < 1 × 10−5 were followed up in a replication cohort consisting of 203 men and women scheduled for orthopaedic or abdominal surgery. Ten of these patients developed severe chronic postoperative pain. A single‐nucleotide polymorphism in NAV3 was significantly replicated with chronic postoperative pain in the replication cohort (p = 0.009). Meta‐analysis revealed that two loci (IQGAP1 and CRTC3) were significantly associated with chronic postoperative pain at 3 months (IQGAP1 p = 3.93 × 10−6 β = 2.3863, CRTC3 p = 2.26 × 10−6, β = 2.4209). The present genome‐wide association study provides initial evidence for genetic risk factors of chronic postoperative pain and supports follow‐up studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- R R I van Reij
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Management, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - D M N Hoofwijk
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - B P F Rutten
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - L Weinhold
- Department of Medical Biometry, Informatics and Epidemiology, University Hospital Bonn, Germany
| | - M Leber
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Germany
| | - E A J Joosten
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Management, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - A Ramirez
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Germany
| | - N J van den Hoogen
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Management, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
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NAV3, a Tumor Suppressor Gene, Is Decreased in Uterine Leiomyoma Tissue and Cells. Reprod Sci 2020; 27:925-934. [PMID: 32046415 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-019-00096-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
NAV 3 is a tumor suppressor of unknown function in leiomyomas. The objective of this study is to assess NAV3 expression and its potential role in human uterine leiomyomas. NAV3 protein expression was examined in patient leiomyoma and patient-matched myometrial tissue samples by Western blot and immunohistochemistry. NAV3 mRNA and protein expression was assessed in leuprolide acetate- and cetrorelix-treated cell line leiomyoma samples. RNAseq analysis of placebo-treated leiomyoma compared with myometrium demonstrated the presence of transcripts encoding for several neuronal proteins. For NAV3, RNA sequence analysis demonstrated decreased expression in leiomyoma as compared with myometrium (0.86 ± 0.03 fold). Presence of NAV3 mRNA was also decreased in leiomyoma surgical samples (0.43 fold ± 0.05, p = 0.026) compared with patient-matched myometrium. Confirmatory qRT-PCR results on immortalized leiomyoma and myometrial cell lines similarly demonstrated a decrease in expression of NAV3 in leiomyomas (0.28 ± 0.02, p = 0.00075). Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated a significant decrease in NAV 3 protein in leiomyomas (H-score 154.7 ± 6.2) as compared with myometrium (H-score; 312.5 ± 14.7, p < 0.0001). Leuprolide acetate-treated leiomyoma cells demonstrated an increase in NAV 3 mRNA expression (1.53 ± 0.13, p < 0.0001). Similarly, Western blot analysis on leuprolide-treated leiomyoma cells showed a non-significant increase in NAV 3 protein expression (1.26 ± 0.09, p = 0.063). NAV 3, a tumor suppressor in numerous cancers, is decreased in leiomyoma cells and tissue compared with myometrium, and increased by GnRH analog treatment, suggesting that NAV3 may mediate steroid hormone-independent leiomyoma regulation by GnRH analogs.
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Dehghani R, Rahmani F, Rezaei N. MicroRNA in Alzheimer's disease revisited: implications for major neuropathological mechanisms. Rev Neurosci 2018; 29:161-182. [PMID: 28941357 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2017-0042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Pathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) goes far beyond neurotoxicity resulting from extracellular deposition of amyloid β (Aβ) plaques. Aberrant cleavage of amyloid precursor protein and accumulation of Aβ in the form of the plaque or neurofibrillary tangles are the known primary culprits of AD pathogenesis and target for various regulatory mechanisms. Hyper-phosphorylation of tau, a major component of neurofibrillary tangles, precipitates its aggregation and prevents its clearance. Lipid particles, apolipoproteins and lipoprotein receptors can act in favor or against Aβ and tau accumulation by altering neural membrane characteristics or dynamics of transport across the blood-brain barrier. Lipids also alter the oxidative/anti-oxidative milieu of the central nervous system (CNS). Irregular cell cycle regulation, mitochondrial stress and apoptosis, which follow both, are also implicated in AD-related neuronal loss. Dysfunction in synaptic transmission and loss of neural plasticity contribute to AD. Neuroinflammation is a final trail for many of the pathologic mechanisms while playing an active role in initiation of AD pathology. Alterations in the expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) in AD and their relevance to AD pathology have long been a focus of interest. Herein we focused on the precise pathomechanisms of AD in which miRNAs were implicated. We performed literature search through PubMed and Scopus using the search term: ('Alzheimer Disease') OR ('Alzheimer's Disease') AND ('microRNAs' OR 'miRNA' OR 'MiR') to reach for relevant articles. We show how a limited number of common dysregulated pathways and abnormal mechanisms are affected by various types of miRNAs in AD brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reihaneh Dehghani
- Molecular Immunology Research Center, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1419783151, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Rahmani
- Students Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Molecular Immunology Research Center, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1419783151, Iran
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15
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Miya Shaik M, Tamargo IA, Abubakar MB, Kamal MA, Greig NH, Gan SH. The Role of microRNAs in Alzheimer's Disease and Their Therapeutic Potentials. Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:genes9040174. [PMID: 29561798 PMCID: PMC5924516 DOI: 10.3390/genes9040174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short, endogenous, non-coding RNAs that post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression by base pairing with mRNA targets. Altered miRNA expression profiles have been observed in several diseases, including neurodegeneration. Multiple studies have reported altered expressions of miRNAs in the brains of individuals with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) as compared to those of healthy elderly adults. Some of the miRNAs found to be dysregulated in AD have been reported to correlate with neuropathological changes, including plaque and tangle accumulation, as well as altered expressions of species that are known to be involved in AD pathology. To examine the potentially pathogenic functions of several dysregulated miRNAs in AD, we review the current literature with a focus on the activities of ten miRNAs in biological pathways involved in AD pathogenesis. Comprehensive understandings of the expression profiles and activities of these miRNAs will illuminate their roles as potential therapeutic targets in AD brain and may lead to the discovery of breakthrough treatment strategies for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munvar Miya Shaik
- School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Malaysia.
| | - Ian A Tamargo
- Drug Design and Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
| | - Murtala B Abubakar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, PMB 2254 Sokoto, Nigeria.
| | - Mohammad A Kamal
- Metabolomics and Enzymology Unit, Fundamental and Applied Biology Group, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80216, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Nigel H Greig
- Drug Design and Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
| | - Siew Hua Gan
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor, Malaysia.
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16
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Wang KS, Liu Y, Xu C, Liu X, Luo X. Family-based association analysis of NAV2 gene with the risk and age at onset of Alzheimer's disease. J Neuroimmunol 2017; 310:60-65. [PMID: 28778446 PMCID: PMC6167010 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2017.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The neuron navigator 2 (NAV2) gene is highly expressed in brain and involved in the nervous system development and may play a role in Alzheimer's disease (AD). We aimed to investigate the associations of 317 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the NAV2 gene with the risk and age at onset (AAO) of AD using a family-based sample (1266 AD cases and 1279 healthy relatives). Association with the risk of AD was assessed using family-based association test -generalized estimating equations (FBAT- GEE) statistics while the association with AAO as a quantitative trait was evaluated using the FBAT-Wilcoxon statistic. Single marker analysis showed that 20 SNPs were significantly associated with the risk of AD (top SNP rs7112354 with p=8.46×10-4) and 11 SNPs were associated with AAO (top SNP rs1354269 with p=2.87×10-3). Interestingly, two SNPs rs17614100 and rs12364788 were associated with both the risk (p=1.7×10-2 and 2.71×10-2; respectively) and AAO (p=1.85×10-3 and 6.06×10-3; respectively). Haplotype analyses further supported the results of single marker analyses. In addition, functional analysis showed that NAV2 mRNA had significant expression across ten human brain regions examined and significantly correlated with APOE expression in four of ten regions. The present study is the first study providing evidence of several genetic variants within the NAV2 gene influencing the risk and AAO of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Sheng Wang
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, College of Public Health, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
- Biological Psychiatry Research Center, Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, College of Public Health, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
| | - Chun Xu
- Department of Health and Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Affairs, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX 78520, USA
| | - Xuefeng Liu
- Department of Systems Leadership and Effectiveness Science, School of Nursing, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5482, USA
| | - Xingguang Luo
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06516, USA
- Biological Psychiatry Research Center, Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China
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17
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van de Willige D, Hoogenraad CC, Akhmanova A. Microtubule plus-end tracking proteins in neuronal development. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:2053-77. [PMID: 26969328 PMCID: PMC4834103 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2168-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2015] [Revised: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Regulation of the microtubule cytoskeleton is of pivotal importance for neuronal development and function. One such regulatory mechanism centers on microtubule plus-end tracking proteins (+TIPs): structurally and functionally diverse regulatory factors, which can form complex macromolecular assemblies at the growing microtubule plus-ends. +TIPs modulate important properties of microtubules including their dynamics and their ability to control cell polarity, membrane transport and signaling. Several neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative diseases are associated with mutations in +TIPs or with misregulation of these proteins. In this review, we focus on the role and regulation of +TIPs in neuronal development and associated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dieudonnée van de Willige
- Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Casper C Hoogenraad
- Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Anna Akhmanova
- Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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18
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Müller-Calleja N, Rossmann H, Müller C, Wild P, Blankenberg S, Pfeiffer N, Binder H, Beutel ME, Manukyan D, Zeller T, Lackner KJ. Antiphospholipid antibodies in a large population-based cohort: genome-wide associations and effects on monocyte gene expression. Thromb Haemost 2016; 116:115-23. [PMID: 27098658 DOI: 10.1160/th15-12-0947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is characterised by venous and/or arterial thrombosis and pregnancy morbidity in women combined with the persistent presence of antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL). We aimed to identify genetic factors associated with the presence of aPL in a population based cohort. Furthermore, we wanted to clarify if the presence of aPL affects gene expression in circulating monocytes. Titres of IgG and IgM against cardiolipin, β2glycoprotein 1 (anti-β2GPI), and IgG against domain 1 of β2GPI (anti-domain 1) were determined in approx. 5,000 individuals from the Gutenberg Health Study (GHS) a population based cohort of German descent. Genotyping was conducted on Affymetrix Genome-Wide Human SNP 6.0 arrays. Monocyte gene expression was determined in a subgroup of 1,279 individuals by using the Illumina HT-12 v3 BeadChip. Gene expression data were confirmed in vitro and ex vivo by qRT-PCR. Genome wide analysis revealed significant associations of anti-β2GPI IgG and APOH on chromosome 17, which had been previously identified by candidate gene approaches, and of anti-domain1 and MACROD2 on chromosome 20 which has been listed in a previous GWAS as a suggestive locus associated with the occurrence of anti-β2GPI antibodies. Expression analysis confirmed increased expression of TNFα in monocytes and identified and confirmed neuron navigator 3 (NAV3) as a novel gene induced by aPL. In conclusion, MACROD2 represents a novel genetic locus associated with aPL. Furthermore, we show that aPL induce the expression of NAV3 in monocytes and endothelial cells. This will stimulate further research into the role of these genes in the APS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Karl J Lackner
- Dr. Karl J. Lackner, Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, D-55131 Mainz, Germany, Tel.: +49 6131 177190, E-mail:
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19
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Theme 11 ALS Pathogenesis and Neurotoxicity. Amyotroph Lateral Scler Frontotemporal Degener 2015; 16 Suppl 1:186-205. [DOI: 10.3109/21678421.2015.1098816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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20
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Ligocki AJ, Rivas JR, Rounds WH, Guzman AA, Li M, Spadaro M, Lahey L, Chen D, Henson PM, Graves D, Greenberg BM, Frohman EM, Ward ES, Robinson W, Meinl E, White CL, Stowe AM, Monson NL. A Distinct Class of Antibodies May Be an Indicator of Gray Matter Autoimmunity in Early and Established Relapsing Remitting Multiple Sclerosis Patients. ASN Neuro 2015; 7:7/5/1759091415609613. [PMID: 26489686 PMCID: PMC4710131 DOI: 10.1177/1759091415609613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
*These authors contributed equally to the work in this manuscript.We have previously identified a distinct class of antibodies expressed by B cells in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of early and established relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) patients that is not observed in healthy donors. These antibodies contain a unique pattern of mutations in six codons along VH4 antibody genes that we termed the antibody gene signature (AGS). In fact, patients who have such B cells in their CSF are identified as either having RRMS or developing RRMS in the future. As mutations in antibody genes increase antibody affinity for particular antigens, the goal for this study was to investigate whether AGS(+) antibodies bind to brain tissue antigens. Single B cells were isolated from the CSF of 10 patients with early or established RRMS. We chose 32 of these B cells that expressed antibodies enriched for the AGS for further study. We generated monoclonal full-length recombinant human antibodies (rhAbs) and used both immunological assays and immunohistochemistry to investigate the capacity of these AGS(+) rhAbs to bind brain tissue antigens. AGS(+) rhAbs did not recognize myelin tracts in the corpus callosum. Instead, AGS(+) rhAbs recognized neuronal nuclei and/or astrocytes, which are prevalent in the cortical gray matter. This pattern was unique to the AGS(+) antibodies from early and established RRMS patients, as AGS(+) antibodies from an early neuromyelitis optica patient did not display the same reactivity. Prevalence of CSF-derived B cells expressing AGS(+) antibodies that bind to these cell types may be an indicator of gray matter-directed autoimmunity in early and established RRMS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann J Ligocki
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jacqueline R Rivas
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - William H Rounds
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Alyssa A Guzman
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Min Li
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Melania Spadaro
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, Ludwig-Maximilian-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Lauren Lahey
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University, CA, USA
| | - Ding Chen
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Paul M Henson
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Donna Graves
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Benjamin M Greenberg
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Elliot M Frohman
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - E Sally Ward
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - William Robinson
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University, CA, USA
| | - Edgar Meinl
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, Ludwig-Maximilian-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Charles L White
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Ann M Stowe
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Nancy L Monson
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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21
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Bearce EA, Erdogan B, Lowery LA. TIPsy tour guides: how microtubule plus-end tracking proteins (+TIPs) facilitate axon guidance. Front Cell Neurosci 2015; 9:241. [PMID: 26175669 PMCID: PMC4485311 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2015.00241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The growth cone is a dynamic cytoskeletal vehicle, which drives the end of a developing axon. It serves to interpret and navigate through the complex landscape and guidance cues of the early nervous system. The growth cone’s distinctive cytoskeletal organization offers a fascinating platform to study how extracellular cues can be translated into mechanical outgrowth and turning behaviors. While many studies of cell motility highlight the importance of actin networks in signaling, adhesion, and propulsion, both seminal and emerging works in the field have highlighted a unique and necessary role for microtubules (MTs) in growth cone navigation. Here, we focus on the role of singular pioneer MTs, which extend into the growth cone periphery and are regulated by a diverse family of microtubule plus-end tracking proteins (+TIPs). These +TIPs accumulate at the dynamic ends of MTs, where they are well-positioned to encounter and respond to key signaling events downstream of guidance receptors, catalyzing immediate changes in microtubule stability and actin cross-talk, that facilitate both axonal outgrowth and turning events.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Burcu Erdogan
- Department of Biology, Boston College Chestnut Hill, MA, USA
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22
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Worman HJ, Schirmer EC. Nuclear membrane diversity: underlying tissue-specific pathologies in disease? Curr Opin Cell Biol 2015; 34:101-12. [PMID: 26115475 PMCID: PMC4522394 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2015.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Revised: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Human 'laminopathy' diseases result from mutations in genes encoding nuclear lamins or nuclear envelope (NE) transmembrane proteins (NETs). These diseases present a seeming paradox: the mutated proteins are widely expressed yet pathology is limited to specific tissues. New findings suggest tissue-specific pathologies arise because these widely expressed proteins act in various complexes that include tissue-specific components. Diverse mechanisms to achieve NE tissue-specificity include tissue-specific regulation of the expression, mRNA splicing, signaling, NE-localization and interactions of potentially hundreds of tissue-specific NETs. New findings suggest these NETs underlie tissue-specific NE roles in cytoskeletal mechanics, cell-cycle regulation, signaling, gene expression and genome organization. This view of the NE as 'specialized' in each cell type is important to understand the tissue-specific pathology of NE-linked diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Howard J Worman
- Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, USA; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, USA
| | - Eric C Schirmer
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
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23
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Cohen-Dvashi H, Ben-Chetrit N, Russell R, Carvalho S, Lauriola M, Nisani S, Mancini M, Nataraj N, Kedmi M, Roth L, Köstler W, Zeisel A, Yitzhaky A, Zylberg J, Tarcic G, Eilam R, Wigelman Y, Will R, Lavi S, Porat Z, Wiemann S, Ricardo S, Schmitt F, Caldas C, Yarden Y. Navigator-3, a modulator of cell migration, may act as a suppressor of breast cancer progression. EMBO Mol Med 2015; 7:299-314. [PMID: 25678558 PMCID: PMC4364947 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201404134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Revised: 01/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dissemination of primary tumor cells depends on migratory and invasive attributes. Here, we identify Navigator-3 (NAV3), a gene frequently mutated or deleted in human tumors, as a regulator of epithelial migration and invasion. Following induction by growth factors, NAV3 localizes to the plus ends of microtubules and enhances their polarized growth. Accordingly, NAV3 depletion trimmed microtubule growth, prolonged growth factor signaling, prevented apoptosis and enhanced random cell migration. Mathematical modeling suggested that NAV3-depleted cells acquire an advantage in terms of the way they explore their environment. In animal models, silencing NAV3 increased metastasis, whereas ectopic expression of the wild-type form, unlike expression of two, relatively unstable oncogenic mutants from human tumors, inhibited metastasis. Congruently, analyses of > 2,500 breast and lung cancer patients associated low NAV3 with shorter survival. We propose that NAV3 inhibits breast cancer progression by regulating microtubule dynamics, biasing directionally persistent rather than random migration, and inhibiting locomotion of initiated cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadas Cohen-Dvashi
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Nir Ben-Chetrit
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Roslin Russell
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Research Institute Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Silvia Carvalho
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Mattia Lauriola
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Sophia Nisani
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Maicol Mancini
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Nishanth Nataraj
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Merav Kedmi
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Lee Roth
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Wolfgang Köstler
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Amit Zeisel
- Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Assif Yitzhaky
- Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Jacques Zylberg
- Chemical Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Gabi Tarcic
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Raya Eilam
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yoav Wigelman
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Rainer Will
- Division of Molecular Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sara Lavi
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ziv Porat
- Biological Services, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Stefan Wiemann
- Division of Molecular Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sara Ricardo
- IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, Medical Faculty of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Fernando Schmitt
- IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, Medical Faculty of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carlos Caldas
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Research Institute Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Yosef Yarden
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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24
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Halder D, Mandal C, Lee BH, Lee JS, Choi MR, Chai JC, Lee YS, Jung KH, Chai YG. PCDHB14- and GABRB1-like nervous system developmental genes are altered during early neuronal differentiation of NCCIT cells treated with ethanol. Hum Exp Toxicol 2015; 34:1017-27. [PMID: 25566775 DOI: 10.1177/0960327114566827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Ethanol (EtOH) exposure during embryonic development causes dysfunction of the central nervous system (CNS). Here, we examined the effects of chronic EtOH on gene expression during early stages of neuronal differentiation. Human embryonic carcinoma (NCCIT) cells were differentiated into neuronal precursors/lineages in the presence or absence of EtOH and folic acid. Gene expression profiling and pathway analysis demonstrated that EtOH deregulates many genes and pathways that are involved in early brain development. EtOH exposure downregulated several important genes, such as PCDHB14, GABRB1, CTNND2, NAV3, RALDH1, and OPN5, which are involved in CNS development, synapse assembly, synaptic transmission, and neurotransmitter receptor activity. GeneGo pathway analysis revealed that the deregulated genes mapped to disease pathways that were relevant to fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD, such as neurotic disorders, epilepsy, and alcohol-related disorders). In conclusion, these findings suggest that the impairment of the neurological system or suboptimal synapse formation resulting from EtOH exposure could underlie the neurodevelopmental disorders in individuals with FASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Halder
- Department of Molecular and Life Sciences, Hanyang University, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - C Mandal
- Department of Molecular and Life Sciences, Hanyang University, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - B H Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Gangnam Eulji Hospital, Eulji University, Seoul, Republic of Korea KARF Hospital, the Korean Alcohol Research Foundation, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - J S Lee
- KARF Hospital, the Korean Alcohol Research Foundation, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - M R Choi
- Department of Molecular and Life Sciences, Hanyang University, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - J C Chai
- Department of Molecular and Life Sciences, Hanyang University, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Y S Lee
- Department of Molecular and Life Sciences, Hanyang University, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - K H Jung
- Institute of Natural Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Y G Chai
- Department of Molecular and Life Sciences, Hanyang University, Ansan, Republic of Korea Department of Nanobiotechnology, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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25
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De Lorenzi L, Rossi E, Gimelli S, Parma P. De novo reciprocal translocation t(5;6)(q13;q34) in cattle: cytogenetic and molecular characterization. Cytogenet Genome Res 2013; 142:95-100. [PMID: 24280638 DOI: 10.1159/000356209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The cytogenetic analysis of a phenotypically normal bull from the Marchigiana breed revealed the presence of an abnormal karyotype due to the presence of a very long chromosome. This finding, identified in all the metaphases observed, was associated with the 2n = 60, XY karyotype, suggesting the presence of a reciprocal translocation. RBG- banding analyses identified a de novo reciprocal translocation involving BTA5 and BTA6, t(5;6)(q13;q34), while FISH analyses using cattle-specific BACs as probes enabled the confirmation and narrowed down the breakpoint regions. Array-CGH analysis also established that neither deletions nor duplications were present in the regions including the breakpoints, nor were they present elsewhere in the genome, confirming the balanced state of the translocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- L De Lorenzi
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Milan University, Milan, Italy
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26
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de Las Heras JI, Meinke P, Batrakou DG, Srsen V, Zuleger N, Kerr AR, Schirmer EC. Tissue specificity in the nuclear envelope supports its functional complexity. Nucleus 2013; 4:460-77. [PMID: 24213376 PMCID: PMC3925691 DOI: 10.4161/nucl.26872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear envelope links to inherited disease gave the conundrum of how mutations in near-ubiquitous proteins can yield many distinct pathologies, each focused in different tissues. One conundrum-resolving hypothesis is that tissue-specific partner proteins mediate these pathologies. Such partner proteins may have now been identified with recent proteome studies determining nuclear envelope composition in different tissues. These studies revealed that the majority of the total nuclear envelope proteins are tissue restricted in their expression. Moreover, functions have been found for a number these tissue-restricted nuclear envelope proteins that fit with mechanisms proposed to explain how the nuclear envelope could mediate disease, including defects in mechanical stability, cell cycle regulation, signaling, genome organization, gene expression, nucleocytoplasmic transport, and differentiation. The wide range of functions to which these proteins contribute is consistent with not only their involvement in tissue-specific nuclear envelope disease pathologies, but also tissue evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose I de Las Heras
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology and Institute of Cell Biology; University of Edinburgh; Edinburgh, UK
| | - Peter Meinke
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology and Institute of Cell Biology; University of Edinburgh; Edinburgh, UK
| | - Dzmitry G Batrakou
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology and Institute of Cell Biology; University of Edinburgh; Edinburgh, UK
| | - Vlastimil Srsen
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology and Institute of Cell Biology; University of Edinburgh; Edinburgh, UK
| | - Nikolaj Zuleger
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology and Institute of Cell Biology; University of Edinburgh; Edinburgh, UK
| | - Alastair Rw Kerr
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology and Institute of Cell Biology; University of Edinburgh; Edinburgh, UK
| | - Eric C Schirmer
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology and Institute of Cell Biology; University of Edinburgh; Edinburgh, UK
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27
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14-3-3ε and NAV2 interact to regulate neurite outgrowth and axon elongation. Arch Biochem Biophys 2013; 540:94-100. [PMID: 24161943 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2013.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2013] [Revised: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Neuron navigator 2 (NAV2) is required for all-trans retinoic acid (atRA) to induce neurite outgrowth in human neuroblastoma cells. Further, ectopic overexpression of full-length human NAV2 rescues an axonal elongation defect in the Caenorhabditis elegans unc-53 (NAV2 ortholog) mutant. Using a region of NAV2 that independently associates with the cytoskeleton as bait in a yeast-two-hybrid screen, 14-3-3ε was identified as a novel NAV2 interacting partner. Amino acids 761-960 of NAV2 are sufficient to confer a positive interaction with 14-3-3ε as evidenced by a two-hybrid screen and co-immunoprecipitation assay. Knockdown of 14-3-3ε leads to a decrease in atRA-mediated neurite outgrowth, similar to the elongation defects observed when NAV2 is depleted or mutated. Likewise, posterior lateral microtubule (PLM) defects in C. elegans fed unc-53 RNAi are similar to those fed ftt-2 (14-3-3 homolog) RNAi. The discovery of an interaction between NAV2 and 14-3-3ε could provide insight into the mechanism by which NAV2 participates in promoting cell migration and neuronal elongation.
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28
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Quilter CR, Sargent CA, Bauer J, Bagga MR, Reiter CP, Hutchinson EL, Southwood OI, Evans G, Mileham A, Griffin DK, Affara NA. An association and haplotype analysis of porcine maternal infanticide: a model for human puerperal psychosis? Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2012; 159B:908-27. [PMID: 22976950 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2012] [Accepted: 08/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
An association analysis using the Illumina porcine SNP60 beadchip was performed to identify SNPs significantly associated with porcine maternal infanticide. We previously hypothesised that this was a good animal model for human puerperal psychosis, an extreme form of postnatal mood disorder. Animals were selected from carefully phenotyped unrelated infanticide and control groups (representing extremes of the phenotypic spectrum), from four different lines. Permutation and sliding window analyses and an analysis to see which haplotypes were in linkage disequilibrium (LD) were compared to identify concordant regions. Across all analyses, intervals on SSCs 1, 3, 4, 10, and 13 were constant, contained genes associated with psychiatric or neurological disorders and were significant in multiple lines. The strongest (near GWS) consistent candidate region across all analyses and all breeds was the one located on SSC3 with one peak at 23.4 Mb, syntenic to a candidate region for bipolar disorder and another at 31.9 Mb, syntenic to a candidate region for human puerperal psychosis (16p13). From the haplotype/LD analysis, two regions reached genome wide significance (GWS): the first on SSC4 (KHDRBS3 to FAM135B), which was significant (-logP 5.57) in one Duroc based breed and is syntenic to a region in humans associated with cognition and neurotism; the second on SSC15, which was significant (-log10P 5.68) in two breeds and contained PAX3, which is expressed in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- C R Quilter
- Human Molecular Genetics Group, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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29
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Carlsson E, Krohn K, Ovaska K, Lindberg P, Häyry V, Maliniemi P, Lintulahti A, Korja M, Kivisaari R, Hussein S, Sarna S, Niiranen K, Hautaniemi S, Haapasalo H, Ranki A. Neuron navigator 3 alterations in nervous system tumors associate with tumor malignancy grade and prognosis. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2012; 52:191-201. [DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2012] [Accepted: 09/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Carlsson
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, HUS FI‐00029, Finland
| | - Kai Krohn
- Department of Pathology, Centre for Laboratory Medicine, Tampere FI‐33521, Finland
- CliniXion Oy, Tampere FI‐33520, Finland
| | - Kristian Ovaska
- Computational Systems Biology Laboratory, Institute of Biomedicine and Genome‐Scale Biology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Valtteri Häyry
- Department of Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI‐00014, Finland
| | - Pilvi Maliniemi
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, HUS FI‐00029, Finland
| | - Anu Lintulahti
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, HUS FI‐00029, Finland
| | - Miikka Korja
- Department of Neurosurgery, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki FI‐00029, Finland
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Turku, Turku FI‐20520, Finland
| | - Riku Kivisaari
- Department of Neurosurgery, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki FI‐00029, Finland
| | - Samer Hussein
- Department of Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI‐00014, Finland
| | - Seppo Sarna
- Department of Public Health, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI‐00014, Finland
| | - Kirsi Niiranen
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, HUS FI‐00029, Finland
| | - Sampsa Hautaniemi
- Computational Systems Biology Laboratory, Institute of Biomedicine and Genome‐Scale Biology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hannu Haapasalo
- Department of Pathology, Centre for Laboratory Medicine, Tampere FI‐33521, Finland
| | - Annamari Ranki
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, HUS FI‐00029, Finland
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30
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Gene expression profile of THP-1 monocytes following knockdown of DAP12, a causative gene for Nasu-Hakola disease. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2011; 32:337-43. [PMID: 22080356 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-011-9769-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2011] [Accepted: 11/01/2011] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Nasu-Hakola disease (NHD), also designated polycystic lipomembranous osteodysplasia with sclerosing leukoencephalopathy, is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by progressive presenile dementia and formation of multifocal bone cysts, caused by a loss-of-function mutation of DAP12 or TREM2. TREM2 and DAP12 constitute a receptor/adaptor complex expressed on osteoclasts, dendritic cells, macrophages, monocytes, and microglia. At present, the precise molecular mechanisms underlying development of leukoencephalopathy and bone cysts in NHD remain largely unknown. We established THP-1 human monocyte clones that stably express small interfering RNA targeting DAP12 for serving as a cellular model of NHD. Genome-wide transcriptome analysis identified a set of 22 genes consistently downregulated in DAP12 knockdown cells. They constituted the molecular network closely related to the network defined by cell-to-cell signaling and interaction, hematological system development and function, and inflammatory response, where NF-κB acts as a central regulator. These results suggest that a molecular defect of DAP12 in human monocytes deregulates the gene network pivotal for maintenance of myeloid cell function in NHD.
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31
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Maliniemi P, Carlsson E, Kaukola A, Ovaska K, Niiranen K, Saksela O, Jeskanen L, Hautaniemi S, Ranki A. NAV3 copy number changes and target genes in basal and squamous cell cancers. Exp Dermatol 2011; 20:926-31. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0625.2011.01358.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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32
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McNeill EM, Roos KP, Moechars D, Clagett-Dame M. Nav2 is necessary for cranial nerve development and blood pressure regulation. Neural Dev 2010; 5:6. [PMID: 20184720 PMCID: PMC2843687 DOI: 10.1186/1749-8104-5-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2009] [Accepted: 02/25/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND All-trans retinoic acid (atRA) is required for nervous system development, including the developing hindbrain region. Neuron navigator 2 (Nav2) was first identified as an atRA-responsive gene in human neuroblastoma cells (retinoic acid-induced in neuroblastoma 1, Rainb1), and is required for atRA-mediated neurite outgrowth. In this paper, we explore the importance of Nav2 in nervous system development and function in vivo. RESULTS Nav2 hypomorphic homozygous mutants show decreased survival starting at birth. Nav2 mutant embryos show an overall reduction in nerve fiber density, as well as specific defects in cranial nerves IX (glossopharyngeal) and X (vagus). Nav2 hypomorphic mutant adult mice also display a blunted baroreceptor response compared to wild-type controls. CONCLUSIONS Nav2 functions in mammalian nervous system development, and is required for normal cranial nerve development and blood pressure regulation in the adult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M McNeill
- Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
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33
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Shioya M, Obayashi S, Tabunoki H, Arima K, Saito Y, Ishida T, Satoh J. Aberrant microRNA expression in the brains of neurodegenerative diseases: miR-29a decreased in Alzheimer disease brains targets neurone navigator 3. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2010; 36:320-30. [PMID: 20202123 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2990.2010.01076.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIMS MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that regulate translational repression of target mRNAs. Accumulating evidence indicates that various miRNAs, expressed in a spatially and temporally controlled that manner in the brain plays a key role in neuronal development. However, at present, the pathological implication of aberrant miRNA expression in neurodegenerative events remains largely unknown. To identify miRNAs closely associated with neurodegeneration, we performed miRNA expression profiling of brain tissues of various neurodegenerative diseases. METHODS We initially studied the frontal cortex derived from three amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients by using a microarray of 723 human miRNAs. This was followed by enlargement of study population with quantitative RT-PCR analysis (n = 21). RESULTS By microarray analysis, we identified up-regulation of miR-29a, miR-29b and miR-338-3p in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis brains, but due to a great interindividual variation, we could not validate these results by quantitative RT-PCR. However, we found significant down-regulation of miR-29a in Alzheimer disease (AD) brains. The database search on TargetScan, PicTar and miRBase Target identified neurone navigator 3 (NAV3), a regulator of axon guidance, as a principal target of miR-29a, and actually NAV3 mRNA levels were elevated in AD brains. MiR-29a-mediated down-regulation of NAV3 was verified by the luciferase reporter assay. By immunohistochemistry, NAV3 expression was most evidently enhanced in degenerating pyramidal neurones in the cerebral cortex of AD. CONCLUSIONS These observations suggest the hypothesis that underexpression of miR-29a affects neurodegenerative processes by enhancing neuronal NAV3 expression in AD brains.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Shioya
- Department of Bioinformatics and Molecular Neuropathology, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Kiyose, Tokyo 204-8588, Japan
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34
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Nord H, Hartmann C, Andersson R, Menzel U, Pfeifer S, Piotrowski A, Bogdan A, Kloc W, Sandgren J, Olofsson T, Hesselager G, Blomquist E, Komorowski J, von Deimling A, Bruder CEG, Dumanski JP, Díaz de Ståhl T. Characterization of novel and complex genomic aberrations in glioblastoma using a 32K BAC array. Neuro Oncol 2010; 11:803-18. [PMID: 19304958 DOI: 10.1215/15228517-2009-013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastomas (GBs) are malignant CNS tumors often associated with devastating symptoms. Patients with GB have a very poor prognosis, and despite treatment, most of them die within 12 months from diagnosis. Several pathways, such as the RAS, tumor protein 53 (TP53), and phosphoinositide kinase 3 (PIK3) pathways, as well as the cell cycle control pathway, have been identified to be disrupted in this tumor. However, emerging data suggest that these aberrations represent only a fraction of the genetic changes involved in gliomagenesis. In this study, we have applied a 32K clone-based genomic array, covering 99% of the current assembly of the human genome, to the detailed genetic profiling of a set of 78 GBs. Complex patterns of aberrations, including high and narrow copy number amplicons, as well as a number of homozygously deleted loci, were identified. Amplicons that varied both in number (three on average) and in size (1.4 Mb on average) were frequently detected (81% of the samples). The loci encompassed not only previously reported oncogenes (EGFR, PDGFRA, MDM2, and CDK4) but also numerous novel oncogenes as GRB10, MKLN1, PPARGC1A, HGF, NAV3, CNTN1, SYT1, and ADAMTSL3. BNC2, PTPLAD2, and PTPRE, on the other hand, represent novel candidate tumor suppressor genes encompassed within homozygously deleted loci. Many of these genes are already linked to several forms of cancer; others represent new candidate genes that may serve as prognostic markers or even as therapeutic targets in the future. The large individual variation observed between the samples demonstrates the underlying complexity of the disease and strengthens the demand for an individualized therapy based on the genetic profile of the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Nord
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-75185 Uppsala, Sweden
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35
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Gouveia SM, Akhmanova A. Cell and Molecular Biology of Microtubule Plus End Tracking Proteins. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2010; 285:1-74. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-381047-2.00001-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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36
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Satoh JI. MicroRNAs and Their Therapeutic Potential for Human Diseases: Aberrant MicroRNA Expression in Alzheimer’s Disease Brains. J Pharmacol Sci 2010; 114:269-75. [DOI: 10.1254/jphs.10r11fm] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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37
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Stringham EG, Schmidt KL. Navigating the cell: UNC-53 and the navigators, a family of cytoskeletal regulators with multiple roles in cell migration, outgrowth and trafficking. Cell Adh Migr 2009; 3:342-6. [PMID: 19684480 DOI: 10.4161/cam.3.4.9451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in cell shape are associated with a variety of processes including cell migration, axon outgrowth, cell division and vesicle trafficking. C. elegans UNC-53 and its vertebrate homologs, the Navigators, are required for the migration of cells and the outgrowth of neuronal processes. The identification of novel molecular interactions and live imaging studies have revealed that UNC-53/NAVs are signal transducers associated with actin filaments, microtubules and intermediate filaments. In addition to modulating cytoskeletal dynamics at the leading edge of migrating or outgrowing cells, both UNC-53 and the navigators are expressed in adult cells, conspicuously those with specialized roles in endocytosis or secretion. Collectively, these results suggest that UNC-53/NAVs may be a central regulator of cytoskeletal dynamics, responsible for integrating signaling cues to multiple components of the cytoskeleton to coordinate rearrangement during cell outgrowth or trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eve G Stringham
- Department of Biology, Trinity Western University, Langley, BC, Canada.
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38
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van Haren J, Draegestein K, Keijzer N, Abrahams JP, Grosveld F, Peeters PJ, Moechars D, Galjart N. Mammalian Navigators are microtubule plus-end tracking proteins that can reorganize the cytoskeleton to induce neurite-like extensions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 66:824-38. [DOI: 10.1002/cm.20370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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39
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Muley PD, McNeill EM, Marzinke MA, Knobel KM, Barr MM, Clagett-Dame M. The atRA-responsive gene neuron navigator 2 functions in neurite outgrowth and axonal elongation. Dev Neurobiol 2009; 68:1441-53. [PMID: 18726912 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.20670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Neuron navigator 2 (Nav2) was first identified as an all-trans retinoic acid (atRA)-responsive gene in human neuroblastoma cells (retinoic acid-induced in neuroblastoma 1, RAINB1) that extend neurites after exposure to atRA. It is structurally related to the Caenorhabditis elegans unc-53 gene that is required for cell migration and axonal outgrowth. To gain insight into NAV2 function, the full-length human protein was expressed in C. elegans unc-53 mutants under the control of a mechanosensory neuron promoter. Transgene expression of NAV2 rescued the defects in unc-53 mutant mechanosensory neuron elongation, indicating that Nav2 is an ortholog of unc-53. Using a loss-of-function approach, we also show that Nav2 induction is essential for atRA to induce neurite outgrowth in SH-SY5Y cells. The NAV2 protein is located both in the cell body and along the length of the growing neurites of SH-SY5Y cells in a pattern that closely mimics that of neurofilament and microtubule proteins. Transfection of Nav2 deletion constructs in Cos-1 cells reveals a region of the protein (aa 837-1065) that directs localization with the microtubule cytoskeleton. Collectively, this work supports a role for NAV2 in neurite outgrowth and axonal elongation and suggests this protein may act by facilitating interactions between microtubules and other proteins such as neurofilaments that are key players in the formation and stability of growing neurites.
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Affiliation(s)
- P D Muley
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706-1544, USA
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Hahtola S, Burghart E, Puputti M, Karenko L, Abdel-Rahman WM, Väkevä L, Jeskanen L, Virolainen S, Karvonen J, Salmenkivi K, Kinnula V, Joensuu H, Peltomäki P, Klein CA, Ranki A. Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma-associated lung cancers show chromosomal aberrations differing from primary lung cancer. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2008; 47:107-17. [PMID: 17985357 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.20513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) patients have an increased risk of certain secondary cancers, the most common of which are lung cancers, especially small cell lung cancer. To reveal the molecular pathogenesis underlying CTCL-associated lung cancer, we analyzed genomic aberrations in CTCL-associated and reference lung cancer samples. DNA derived from microdissected lung cancer cells of five CTCL-associated lung cancers and five reference lung cancers without CTCL association was analyzed by comparative genomic hybridization (CGH). Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH), immunohistochemistry (IHC), and loss of heterozygosity (LOH) analysis were performed for selected genes. In CTCL-associated lung cancer, CGH revealed chromosomal aberrations characterizing both lung cancer and CTCL, but also losses of 1p, and 19, and gains of 4q and 7, hallmarks of CTCL. LOH for the CTCL-associated NAV3 gene was detected in two of the four informative primary lung cancers. FISH revealed increased copy number of the KIT gene in 3/4 of CTCL-associated lung cancers and 1/5 of primary lung cancers. PDGFRA and VEGFR2 copy numbers were also increased. IHC showed moderate KIT expression when the gene copy number was increased. CTCL-associated lung cancer shows chromosomal aberrations different from primary lung cancer, especially amplifications of 4q, a chromosome arm frequently deleted in the latter tumor type. Copy numbers and expression of selected genes in chromosome 4 differed between CTCL-associated and reference lung cancers. These preliminary observations warrant further prospective studies to identify the common underlying factors between CTCL and CTCL-associated lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Hahtola
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
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Correction: NAV3 Gene Deletion/Translocation in CTCL. Cancer Res 2008. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-68-18-cor1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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42
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Karenko L, Hahtola S, Ranki A. Molecular cytogenetics in the study of cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCL). Cytogenet Genome Res 2007; 118:353-61. [DOI: 10.1159/000108320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2006] [Accepted: 11/30/2006] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
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Rabut G, Lénárt P, Ellenberg J. Dynamics of nuclear pore complex organization through the cell cycle. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2005; 16:314-21. [PMID: 15145357 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2004.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In eukaryotic cells, all macromolecules that traffic between the nucleus and the cytoplasm cross the double nuclear membrane through nuclear pore complexes (NPCs). NPCs are elaborate gateways that allow efficient, yet selective, translocation of many different macromolecules. Their protein composition has been elucidated, but how exactly these nucleoporins come together to form the pore is largely unknown. Recent data suggest that NPCs are composed of an extremely stable scaffold on which more dynamic, exchangeable parts are assembled. These could be targets for molecular rearrangements that change nuclear pore transport properties and, ultimately, the state of the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwénaël Rabut
- Gene Expression and Cell Biology/Biophysics Programmes, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstrasse 1, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
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Karenko L, Hahtola S, Päivinen S, Karhu R, Syrjä S, Kähkönen M, Nedoszytko B, Kytölä S, Zhou Y, Blazevic V, Pesonen M, Nevala H, Nupponen N, Sihto H, Krebs I, Poustka A, Roszkiewicz J, Saksela K, Peterson P, Visakorpi T, Ranki A. Primary Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphomas Show a Deletion or Translocation AffectingNAV3, the HumanUNC-53Homologue. Cancer Res 2005; 65:8101-10. [PMID: 16166283 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-04-0366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Multicolor fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) was used to identify acquired chromosomal aberrations in 12 patients with mycosis fungoides or Sézary syndrome, the most common forms of primary cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL). The most frequently affected chromosome was 12, which showed clonal deletions or translocations with a break point in 12q21 or 12q22 in five of seven consecutive Sézary syndrome patients and a clonal monosomy in the sixth patient. The break point of a balanced translocation t(12;18)(q21;q21.2), mapped in the minimal common region of two deletions, fine mapped to 12q2. By locus-specific FISH, the translocation disrupted one gene, NAV3 (POMFIL1), a human homologue of unc-53 in Caenorhabditis elegans. A missense mutation in the remaining NAV3 allele was found in one of six cases with a deletion or translocation. With locus-specific FISH, NAV3 deletions were found in the skin lesions of four of eight (50%) patients with early mycosis fungoides (stages IA-IIA) and in the skin or lymph node of 11 of 13 (85%) patients with advanced mycosis fungoides or Sézary syndrome. Preliminary functional studies with lentiviral small interfering RNA-based NAV3 silencing in Jurkat cells and in primary lymphocytes showed enhanced interleukin 2 expression (but not CD25 expression). Thus, NAV3 may contribute to the growth, differentiation, and apoptosis of CTCL cells as well as to the skewing from Th1-type to Th2-type phenotype during disease progression. NAV3, a novel putative haploinsufficient tumor suppressor gene, is disrupted in most cases of the commonest types of CTCL and may thus provide a new diagnostic tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leena Karenko
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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Martínez-López MJ, Alcántara S, Mascaró C, Pérez-Brangulí F, Ruiz-Lozano P, Maes T, Soriano E, Buesa C. Mouse neuron navigator 1, a novel microtubule-associated protein involved in neuronal migration. Mol Cell Neurosci 2005; 28:599-612. [PMID: 15797708 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2004.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2004] [Revised: 09/28/2004] [Accepted: 09/29/2004] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of the nervous system (NS) requires the coordinated migration of multiple waves of neurons and subsequent processes of neurite maturation, both involving selective guidance mechanisms. In Caenorhabditis elegans, unc-53 codes for a new multidomain protein involved in the directional migration of a subset of cells. We describe here the first functional characterization of the mouse homologue, mouse Neuron navigator 1 (mNAV1), whose expression is largely restricted to the NS during development. EGFP-mNAV1 associates with microtubules (MTs) plus ends present in the growth cone through a new microtubule-binding (MTB) domain. Moreover, its overexpression in transfected cells leads to MT bundling. The abolition of mNAV1 causes loss of directionality in the leading processes of pontine-migrating cells, providing evidence for a role of mNAV1 in mediating Netrin-1-induced directional migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- María José Martínez-López
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cell Signaling Group, School of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Spain
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Kishi M, Kummer TT, Eglen SJ, Sanes JR. LL5beta: a regulator of postsynaptic differentiation identified in a screen for synaptically enriched transcripts at the neuromuscular junction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 169:355-66. [PMID: 15851520 PMCID: PMC2171857 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.200411012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
In both neurons and muscle fibers, specific mRNAs are concentrated beneath and locally translated at synaptic sites. At the skeletal neuromuscular junction, all synaptic RNAs identified to date encode synaptic components. Using microarrays, we compared RNAs in synapse-rich and -free regions of muscles, thereby identifying transcripts that are enriched near synapses and that encode soluble membrane and nuclear proteins. One gene product, LL5β, binds to both phosphoinositides and a cytoskeletal protein, filamin, one form of which is concentrated at synaptic sites. LL5β is itself associated with the cytoplasmic face of the postsynaptic membrane; its highest levels border regions of highest acetylcholine receptor (AChR) density, which suggests a role in “corraling” AChRs. Consistent with this idea, perturbing LL5β expression in myotubes inhibits AChR aggregation. Thus, a strategy designed to identify novel synaptic components led to identification of a protein required for assembly of the postsynaptic apparatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Kishi
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Washington University Medical Center, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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Peeters PJ, Baker A, Goris I, Daneels G, Verhasselt P, Luyten WHML, Geysen JJGH, Kass SU, Moechars DWE. Sensory deficits in mice hypomorphic for a mammalian homologue of unc-53. BRAIN RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENTAL BRAIN RESEARCH 2004; 150:89-101. [PMID: 15158073 DOI: 10.1016/j.devbrainres.2004.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/20/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The migration of cells and the extension of cellular processes along pathways to their defined destinations are crucial in the development of higher organisms. Caenorhabditis elegans unc-53 plays an important role in cell migration and the outgrowth of cellular processes such as axons. To gain further insight into the biological function of unc53H2, a recently identified mammalian homologue of unc-53, we have generated mice carrying a mutation of unc53H2 and provide evidence that unc53H2 is involved in neuronal development and, more specifically, the development of different sensory systems. The unc53H2 hypomorphic mouse showed a general impaired acuity of several sensory systems (olfactory, auditory, visual and pain sensation) which in case of the visual system was corroborated by the morphological observation of hypoplasia of the optic nerve. We hypothesize that in analogy with its C. elegans homologue, unc53H2 may play a role in the processes of cellular outgrowth and migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter J Peeters
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development, A Division of Janssen Pharmaceutica N.V., Turnhoutseweg 30, B-2340 Beerse, Belgium
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Olsson M, Schéele S, Ekblom P. Limited expression of nuclear pore membrane glycoprotein 210 in cell lines and tissues suggests cell-type specific nuclear pores in metazoans. Exp Cell Res 2004; 292:359-70. [PMID: 14697343 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2003.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The nuclear pore complex (NPC) is the only known gateway for nucleocytoplasmic traffic. The nuclear pore membrane glycoprotein 210 (POM210/gp210) is considered to be important for the assembly and structure of pore complexes in metazoan cells. However, here we demonstrate cell-type specific expression of the gp210 protein during mouse organogenesis. As shown previously for its mRNA, distinct expression of the gp210 was seen in developing epithelia and some other cell types, whereas it was undetectable in nuclei of several other embryonic tissue compartments. In sharp contrast, monoclonal antibody 414 recognizing four non-membrane nucleoporins, stained the nuclear envelope of all cell types. In four cultured mouse cell lines, gp210 mRNA and protein were below detection levels, in contrast to some other nucleoporins tested. Distinct expression of gp210 mRNA and protein was seen in cultured mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells. These findings support the view of cell-type specific NPCs in metazoans and that the gp210 gene is regulated by cell-type specific control elements not shared by other nucleoporins. Although it cannot be excluded that very low expression levels of gp210 are sufficient to allow attachment of NPCs, a more likely alternative is that it has cell-type specific functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magnus Olsson
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, BMC B12, Lund University, SE-221 84, Lund, Sweden
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