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Gattuso DT, Polisca A, Interlandi CD, Rizzo M, Tabbì M, Giudice E, Cristarella S, Rifici C, Quartuccio M, Zappone V. Influence of dietary supplementation with Lepidium meyenii (Maca) on sperm quality in dogs. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1375146. [PMID: 38487706 PMCID: PMC10937364 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1375146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Maca is a traditional Andean crop used as a nutraceutical for the fertility-enhancing properties that are linked with antioxidant activity. The aim of this study was to evaluate, for the first time, the potential beneficial effects of oral Maca (Lepidium meyenii or Lepidium peruvianum) supplementation in improving reproductive performance in male dogs. Forty-eight male dogs of different breeds were enrolled in the study, fed the same maintenance diet, and exposed to the same environmental conditions. The subjects were divided into four groups of 12 dogs each: Subfertile treatment group, Subfertile control group, Normofertile treatment group, and Normofertile control group. The dogs in the treatment groups received Lepidium meyenii in their diet in a capsule formulation [75 mg/kg Maca extract 10:1, thickening agent (hydroxypropyl methylcellulose), ground rice], while the control groups received placebo capsule (starch). For each subject included in the study, the spermiogram was analyzed at three time points of the sperm cycle: at day 0 (T0), day 31 (T31), and day 62 (T62). Dietary supplementation with Maca in subfertile subjects resulted in a significant increase in ejaculate volume and total sperm count compared to the control group. This increase was also observed in normofertile subjects in the treatment group. In addition, total and progressive motility as well as sperm morphology were significantly improved in the groups treated with Maca compared to the control groups. The results thus highlight, for the first time, the potential efficacy of supplementation with 75 mg/kg of Maca extract daily in improving semen quality in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Angela Polisca
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Maria Rizzo
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Marco Tabbì
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Giudice
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Santo Cristarella
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Claudia Rifici
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Marco Quartuccio
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Viola Zappone
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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2
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Langarizadeh MA, Salary A, Tavakoli MR, Nejad BG, Fadaei S, Jahani Z, Forootanfar H. An overview of the history, current strategies, and potential future treatment approaches in erectile dysfunction: a comprehensive review. Sex Med Rev 2023:7131122. [PMID: 37076171 DOI: 10.1093/sxmrev/qead014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Erectile dysfunction (ED) is one of the most common urologic problems in men worldwide, with an approximately high incidence rate, significantly affecting patients' quality of life and their sexual partners. OBJECTIVES Due to the association of this disorder with essential diseases such as cardiovascular disease and diabetes, its prevention and treatment are vital for overall human physiologic and psychological health. Along with reviewing the history of treatment and current methods, we seek new approaches to curb this issue in the future. METHODS In this review, investigations were based on the focus of each section's content or conducted on an ad hoc basis. Searches were performed in Scopus and PubMed. RESULTS In recent years, many treatments for ED have been reported besides oral administration of phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors such as sildenafil and tadalafil (approved by the Food and Drug Administration). Common oral medications, intracavernous injections, herbal therapies (eg, herbal phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors), and topical/transdermal medications are routine ED treatment approaches. Moreover, some novel medications are innovative candidates for completing ED's treatment protocols: stem cell injection, low-intensity extracorporeal shock wave therapy, platelet-rich plasma injection, gene therapy, amniotic fluid matrices, rho-kinase inhibitors, melanocortin receptor antagonists, maxi-K channel activators (ie, large-conductance calcium-activated potassium channels), guanylate cyclase activators, and nitric oxide donors. CONCLUSION Due to the importance of this complicated problem in men's society, a faster course of treatment trends toward new methods is needed to increase efficiency. Combining the mentioned treatments and attentively examining their efficacy through programmed clinical trials can be a big step toward solving this global problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Amin Langarizadeh
- Pharmaceutical Sciences and Cosmetic Products Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman 7616913555, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Salary
- Student Research Committee, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman 7616913555, Iran
| | | | - Behnam Ghorbani Nejad
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman Medical University, Kerman 7616913555, Iran
| | - Shirin Fadaei
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman 7616913555, Iran
| | - Zahra Jahani
- Student Research Committee, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman 7616913555, Iran
| | - Hamid Forootanfar
- Pharmaceutical Sciences and Cosmetic Products Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman 7616913555, Iran
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Shin D, Jeon SH, Piao J, Park HJ, Tian WJ, Moon DG, Ahn ST, Jeon KH, Zhu GQ, Park I, Park HJ, Bae WJ, Cho HJ, Hong SH, Kim SW. Efficacy and Safety of Maca ( Lepidium meyenii) in Patients with Symptoms of Late-Onset Hypogonadism: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial. World J Mens Health 2023:41.e11. [PMID: 36593713 DOI: 10.5534/wjmh.220112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluated the efficacy and safety of gelatinized Maca (Lepidium meyenii) for eugonadal patients with late onset hypogonadism symptoms (LOH). MATERIALS AND METHODS Participants were instructed to receive 1,000 mg of Maca or placebo, two pills at a time, three times per day for 12 weeks before food intake. To evaluate the efficacy of the drug, Aging Males' Symptoms scale (AMS), Androgen Deficiency in the Aging Males (ADAM), International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), and International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) questionnaires, serologic tests (total testosterone and free testosterone, total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride), body weight, and waist circumference were assessed at 4 and 12 weeks after treatment. RESULTS A total of 80 participants were enrolled and randomly assigned to Maca treated group (n=41) or the placebo group (n=39). AMS, IIEF, and IPSS were significantly (p<0.05) improved in Maca treated group than in the placebo group. ADAM positive rate was also significantly (p<0.0001) decreased in Maca treated group. CONCLUSIONS Maca may be considered an effective and safe treatment for eugonadal patients with late onset hypogonadism symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongho Shin
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Hwan Jeon
- Catholic Integrative Medicine Research Institute, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Junjie Piao
- Catholic Integrative Medicine Research Institute, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyo Jung Park
- Catholic Integrative Medicine Research Institute, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Wen Jie Tian
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Chang Chun, China
| | - Du Geon Moon
- Department of Urology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun Tae Ahn
- Department of Urology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung-Hwa Jeon
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Guan Qun Zhu
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ilbum Park
- Yuhan Care Co., Ltd., Yuhan Care R&D Center, Yongin, Korea
| | - Hyun-Je Park
- Yuhan Care Co., Ltd., Yuhan Natural Product R&D Center, Andong, Korea
| | - Woong Jin Bae
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,Catholic Integrative Medicine Research Institute, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyuk Jin Cho
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung-Hoo Hong
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sae Woong Kim
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,Catholic Integrative Medicine Research Institute, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,Green Medicine Co., Ltd, Busan, Korea.
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Zhu H, Liu C, Qian H. Pharmaceutical Potential of High-Altitude Plants for Fatigue-Related Disorders: A Review. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11152004. [PMID: 35956482 PMCID: PMC9370126 DOI: 10.3390/plants11152004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Natural plants from plateaus have been the richest source of secondary metabolites extensively used in traditional and modern health care systems. They were submitted to years of natural selection, co-evolved within that habitat, and show significant anti-fatigue-related pharmacological effects. However, currently, no review on high-altitude plants with anti-fatigue related properties has been published yet. This study summarized several Chinese traditional high-altitude plants, including Rhodiola rosea L., Crocus sativus L., Lepidium meyenii W., Hippophaerhamnoides L., which are widely used in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau and surrounding mountains, as well as herbal markets in the plains. Based on phytopharmacology studies, deeper questions can be further revealed regarding how these plants regulate fatigue and related mental or physical disease conditions. Many active derivatives in high-altitude medical plants show therapeutic potential for the management of fatigue and related disorders. Therefore, high-altitude plants significantly relieve central or peripheral fatigue by acting as neuroprotective agents, energy supplements, metabolism regulators, antioxidant, and inflammatory response inhibitors. Their applications on the highland or flatland and prospects in natural medicine are further forecast, which may open treatments to reduce or prevent fatigue-related disorders in populations with sub-optimal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongkang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (H.Z.); (C.L.)
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Chang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (H.Z.); (C.L.)
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - He Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (H.Z.); (C.L.)
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Correspondence:
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Todorova V, Ivanov K, Ivanova S. Comparison between the Biological Active Compounds in Plants with Adaptogenic Properties ( Rhaponticum carthamoides, Lepidium meyenii, Eleutherococcus senticosus and Panax ginseng). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:64. [PMID: 35009068 PMCID: PMC8747685 DOI: 10.3390/plants11010064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the 1960s, research into plant adaptogens began. Plants with adaptogenic properties have rich phytochemical compositions and have been used by humanity since ancient times. However, it is not still clear whether the adaptogenic properties are because of specific compounds or because of the whole plant extracts. The aim of this review is to compare the bioactive compounds in the different parts of these plants. METHODS The search strategy was based on studies related to the isolation of bioactive compounds from Rhaponticum carthamoides, Lepidium meyenii, Eleutherococcus senticosus, and Panax ginseng. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed. RESULTS This review includes data from 259 articles. The phytochemicals isolated from Rhaponticum carthamoides, Lepidium meyenii, Eleutherococcus senticosus, and Panax ginseng were described and classified in several categories. CONCLUSIONS Plant species have always played an important role in drug discovery because their effectiveness is based on the hundreds of years of experience with folk medicine in different nations. In our view, there is great potential in the near future for some of the phytochemicals found in these plants species to become pharmaceutical agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Velislava Todorova
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University-Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (K.I.); (S.I.)
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6
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Melnikovova I, Russo D, Fait T, Kolarova M, Tauchen J, Kushniruk N, Falabella R, Milella L, Fernández Cusimamani E. Evaluation of the effect of Lepidium meyenii Walpers in infertile patients: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Phytother Res 2021; 35:6359-6368. [PMID: 34585449 PMCID: PMC9293450 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Male infertility refers to the inability to conceive a natural pregnancy in a fertile female, and approximately 15% of reproductive‐aged couples worldwide face this problem. Several plants were used to treat fertility disorders and, among them, Lepidium meyenii, a folk medicament of Andean regions, is still used to enhance vitality and treat sterility in humans and domestic animals. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of L. meyenii Walpers on infertile patients by a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial. Fifty patients suffering from various reproductive‐related problems were enrolled for 16 weeks to evaluate the effect of yellow maca on semen quality and serum hormone levels. Treatment with maca improved the percentage of sperm concentration by 40%, whereas the placebo improved by 76% after 8 and 16 weeks of treatment, but the results were statistically non‐significant. No statistically significant change in hormone levels was reported by using maca, except a decrease in the level of free testosterone. Results are not sufficient to assess the efficacy of maca on male fertility. Further investigation and trials are required to obtain conclusive results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Melnikovova
- Department of Crop Sciences and Agroforestry, Faculty of Tropical AgriSciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Daniela Russo
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Potenza, Italy.,Spinoff BioActiPlants.r.l., Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Potenza, Italy
| | - Tomas Fait
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague 5, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Kolarova
- Department of Agroecology and Biometeorology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Tauchen
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Nataliya Kushniruk
- First Medical Faculty of Charles University Prague, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Roberto Falabella
- Urology Unit, San Carlo Hospital, Via Potito Petrone, Potenza, Italy
| | - Luigi Milella
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Potenza, Italy
| | - Eloy Fernández Cusimamani
- Department of Crop Sciences and Agroforestry, Faculty of Tropical AgriSciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague 6, Czech Republic
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7
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1H qNMR-based quantitative analysis of total macamides in five maca (Lepidium meyenii Walp.) dried naturally. J Food Compost Anal 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2021.103917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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8
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da Silva Leitão Peres N, Cabrera Parra Bortoluzzi L, Medeiros Marques LL, Formigoni M, Fuchs RHB, Droval AA, Reitz Cardoso FA. Medicinal effects of Peruvian maca (Lepidium meyenii): a review. Food Funct 2020; 11:83-92. [PMID: 31951246 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo02732g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Peruvian maca (Lepidium meyenii) is a root native to the Andean region, cultivated for at least 2000 years. Maca is rich in fiber, a large number of essential amino acids, fatty acids, and other nutrients, including vitamin C, copper, iron, and calcium. Besides these essential nutrients, this root contains bioactive compounds responsible for benefits to the human body, which has caused a considerable increase in its consumption in the last 20 years worldwide. This review documents the Peruvian maca composition and the recent findings regarding the medicinal effects of this root in sexual dysfunction regulation, neuroprotective effects, action in memory enhancement, antidepressant, antioxidant, anti-cancer, and anti-inflammatory activities, and skin protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natália da Silva Leitão Peres
- Department of Food Engineering, Federal University of Technology - Paraná (UTFPR), Campo Mourão, Paraná 87301-005, Brazil.
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Zhu Y, Du P, Yang J, Yin Q, Yang Y. Screening of multiclass pesticide residues in maca and Moringa oleifera by a modified QuEChERS sample preparation procedure and UPLC-ESI-MS/MS analysis. RSC Adv 2020; 10:36906-36919. [PMID: 35517969 PMCID: PMC9057067 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra06375d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, a modified QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) method was proposed for the simultaneous analysis of 75 pesticides in maca and Moringa oleifera with ultra-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-MS/MS). The developed method was validated in accordance with linearity, linear range, limit of detection, limit of quantification, accuracy, precision, and matrix effect. Each analyte had good linearity (R2 > 0.99) in the corresponding concentration range. The method LOD and LOQ values of all the analytes ranged from 0.01 μg kg−1 to 303.35 μg kg−1 and 0.03 μg kg−1 to 1011.15 μg kg−1, respectively. The recoveries (n = 6) of the analyzed pesticides were in the range of 75.92–113.43%. The RSDs of precision were between 0.60% and 7.36%. All matrix effect values ranged from 81.79% to 118.71% and 80.36% to 119.64% in maca and Moringa oleifera, respectively. The analysis of 103 samples showed the presence of isofenphos-methyl in some of them. The method had a good application prospect and could be used as a general approach for the quantitative determination of pesticide residues in food. In the present study, a modified QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) method was proposed for the simultaneous analysis of 75 pesticides in maca and Moringa oleifera with UPLC-ESI-MS/MS.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqin Zhu
- Research Center for Analysis and Measurement, Kunming University of Science and Technology Kunming 650093 China +86-87165113971 +86-87165113971.,Analysis and Test Center of Yunnan Province Kunming 650093 China.,Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology Kunming 650500 China
| | - Ping Du
- Research Center for Analysis and Measurement, Kunming University of Science and Technology Kunming 650093 China +86-87165113971 +86-87165113971.,Analysis and Test Center of Yunnan Province Kunming 650093 China
| | - Jun Yang
- Research Center for Analysis and Measurement, Kunming University of Science and Technology Kunming 650093 China +86-87165113971 +86-87165113971.,Analysis and Test Center of Yunnan Province Kunming 650093 China
| | - Qinhong Yin
- Faculty of Narcotics Control, Yunnan Police College Kunming 650223 China
| | - Yaling Yang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology Kunming 650500 China
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Schmeda-Hirschmann G, Burgos-Edwards A, Jiménez-Aspee F, Mieres-Castro D, Theoduloz C, Pormetter L, Fogel R, Céspedes C, Soria N, Valdez S. Iridoids and Amino Acid Derivatives from the Paraguayan Crude Drug Adenocalymma marginatum (ysypó hû). Molecules 2020; 25:E180. [PMID: 31906356 PMCID: PMC6983124 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25010180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The crude drug ysypó hû (Adenocalymma marginatum DC., Bignoniaceae) is used traditionally by the Guarani of Eastern Paraguayan as a male sexual enhancer. The aim of the present study was to identify the main constituents of the crude drug and to evaluate the in vitro inhibitory activity towards the enzyme phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE-5). The main compounds were isolated by counter-current chromatography (CCC). The metabolites were identified by spectroscopic and spectrometric means. The chemical profiling of the extracts was assessed by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). The crude extract and main isolated compounds were tested for their PDE-5 inhibitory activity using commercial kits. The iridoid theviridoside and 4-hydroxy-1-methylproline were isolated as the main constituent of the crude drug. Four chlortheviridoside hexoside derivatives were detected for the first time as natural products. Chemical profiling by HPLC-MS/MS led to the tentative identification of nine iridoids, six phenolics, and five amino acids. The crude extracts and main compounds were inactive towards PDE-5 at concentrations up to 500 µg/mL. Iridoids and amino acid derivatives were the main compounds occurring in the Paraguayan crude drug. The potential of ysypó hû as a male sexual enhancer cannot be discarded, since other mechanisms may be involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Schmeda-Hirschmann
- Laboratorio de Química de Productos Naturales, Instituto de Química de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Talca, Campus Lircay, Talca 3460000, Chile; (A.B.-E.); (D.M.-C.); (L.P.)
| | - Alberto Burgos-Edwards
- Laboratorio de Química de Productos Naturales, Instituto de Química de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Talca, Campus Lircay, Talca 3460000, Chile; (A.B.-E.); (D.M.-C.); (L.P.)
| | - Felipe Jiménez-Aspee
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Talca, Campus Lircay, Talca 3460000, Chile;
| | - Daniel Mieres-Castro
- Laboratorio de Química de Productos Naturales, Instituto de Química de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Talca, Campus Lircay, Talca 3460000, Chile; (A.B.-E.); (D.M.-C.); (L.P.)
| | - Cristina Theoduloz
- Laboratorio de Cultivo Celular, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Talca, Campus Lircay, Talca 3460000, Chile;
| | - Lisa Pormetter
- Laboratorio de Química de Productos Naturales, Instituto de Química de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Talca, Campus Lircay, Talca 3460000, Chile; (A.B.-E.); (D.M.-C.); (L.P.)
| | - Ramon Fogel
- Centro de Estudios Rurales Interdisciplinarios, Oliva 1019, Edificio Lider V, Piso 17, oficina 172, Asunción 01421, Paraguay; (R.F.); (C.C.); (N.S.); (S.V.)
| | - Claudia Céspedes
- Centro de Estudios Rurales Interdisciplinarios, Oliva 1019, Edificio Lider V, Piso 17, oficina 172, Asunción 01421, Paraguay; (R.F.); (C.C.); (N.S.); (S.V.)
| | - Nelida Soria
- Centro de Estudios Rurales Interdisciplinarios, Oliva 1019, Edificio Lider V, Piso 17, oficina 172, Asunción 01421, Paraguay; (R.F.); (C.C.); (N.S.); (S.V.)
| | - Sintya Valdez
- Centro de Estudios Rurales Interdisciplinarios, Oliva 1019, Edificio Lider V, Piso 17, oficina 172, Asunción 01421, Paraguay; (R.F.); (C.C.); (N.S.); (S.V.)
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11
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Tafuri S, Cocchia N, Vassetti A, Carotenuto D, Esposito L, Maruccio L, Avallone L, Ciani F. Lepidium meyenii (Maca) in male reproduction. Nat Prod Res 2019; 35:4550-4559. [PMID: 31805775 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2019.1698572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Lepidium meyenii (Maca) is an edible root plant that grows in the Andean region of Peru. For centuries, the plant has been used as a dietary supplement for its nutritional and therapeutic properties. Maca are rich in high value nutritional elements and secondary metabolites (macaridine, macamides and glucosinolates) with high biological activity. Several studies demonstrated various biological effects of Maca mainly in the field of fertility. The aim of this review is to summarize the state of knowledge on the properties of Maca on male reproduction. Literature data was performed in PubMed with researches published from 2000 to 2019. The research showed results related to the effects of Maca on the quality and quantity of the semen, sexual behaviour and disorders of the male genital tract. Despite the numerous studies carried out on different animal species, further research is needed to clarify the mechanisms of action of Maca.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Tafuri
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Natascia Cocchia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Anastasia Vassetti
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council, Portici (Na), Italy
| | - Domenico Carotenuto
- Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas, UNMSM, Universidad Nacional Mayor San Marcos, Lima, Peru
| | - Luigi Esposito
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Lucianna Maruccio
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Avallone
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Ciani
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Zhang Y, Zhou F, Ge F. Effects of combined extracts of Lepidium meyenii and Allium tuberosum Rottl. on erectile dysfunction. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 19:135. [PMID: 31215433 PMCID: PMC6582574 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-019-2542-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sexual problems are widespread and adversely affect the interpersonal relationships and the quality of life. Currently, synthetic drugs improving sexual function are available, but expenditures for such agents are extremely high. To discover relatively inexpensive, widely available and effective natural drugs, we identified a combined extracts from Lepidium meyenii (maca) root and Allium tuberosum Rottl. (Chinese chive) seed, assessed the effects of this combined extracts on erectile dysfunction, and explored its potential mechanisms. METHODS The extracts were obtained via supercritical fluid extraction. Male BALB/c mice received doses of extract from single plant or the combined extracts (200 mg/kg) by gastric gavage for 14 d, and Viagra was used as the positive control drug. Sexual behaviour was observed, and concentrations of serum testosterone, nitric oxide (NO), and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) in serum as well as in penis were measured. In addition, weights of genital organs were also measured. RESULTS The combined extracts of maca root and Chinese chive seed (1:1, w/w) had a 45-fold increase in macamide content compared with maca extract. It also led to significantly higher ejaculation frequency (P < 0.05) than single extract from maca root or Chinese chive seed, with no corresponding effect on genital indices. In addition, the NO level in serum (P < 0.01) and penis (P < 0.05) increased notably, as well as the level of cGMP in penis (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The results indicated that the combined extracts produced better synergistic effects on male sexual function than maca extract or Chinese chive extract alone. These positive effects may involve the upregulation of NO and cGMP concentrations in penis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006 China
| | - Feixian Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006 China
| | - Fahuan Ge
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006 China
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Chemical Analysis of Lepidium meyenii (Maca) and Its Effects on Redox Status and on Reproductive Biology in Stallions †. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24101981. [PMID: 31126050 PMCID: PMC6571579 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24101981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was conducted to assess the chemical composition of Yellow Maca (Lepidium meyenii) and its biological activity on stallions following oral administration of hypocotyl powder. Maca was subjected to methanolic extraction and the chemical analysis was carried out by LC-MS-QTOF (liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry). Our results showed that Maca contains some effective antioxidants, a high percentage of glucosinolates, and other important components with a high antioxidant capacity. To evaluate the plant biological activity in stallions fed with Maca powder for 60 days, the redox status and some reproductive parameters were investigated. Blood and semen samples were collected at 0, 30, 60, and 90 days from the beginning of this study. Blood samples showed a decrease of the reactive oxygen metabolites, evaluated by d-ROMs test, and an increase of the antioxidant barrier in terms of biological antioxidant potential (BAP test), powerful oxidant capacity (OXY-Adsorbent test), and thiols evaluation (-SHp test). Furthermore, semen samples showed a positive trend during Maca administration in the following parameters: ejaculate volumes and sperm concentrations, total and progressive motility, and acrosome integrity.
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14
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Chemical composition and health effects of maca (Lepidium meyenii). Food Chem 2019; 288:422-443. [PMID: 30902313 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.02.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Maca (Lepidium meyenii Walpers) has emerged as a popular functional plant food due to various claimed health effects. This review details the major (i.e., starch, dietary fiber, and protein) and minor constituents (i.e., minerals, non-starch polysaccharides, polyphenols (flavonolignans), macaenes, macamides, glucosinolates, and alkaloids) of maca (root and aerial parts). Diverse health effects of maca are also summarized. Various bioactivities of maca include enhanced reproductive health, antifatigue, antioxidation, neuroprotection, antimicrobial activity, anticancer, hepatoprotection, immunomodulation, and improving skin health and digestive system's function. Plant genetics, botanical parts, processing, extraction, and experimental protocols represent the major factors affecting the chemical composition, physicochemical attributes, and health effects of maca-based products. However, clinical studies to support the claimed health effects of maca and related mechanisms appear to be lacking. Product innovation and diversification in food and non-food utilization of different parts of maca to maximize the value perceptions are suggested.
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Kale OE, Awodele O, Akindele AJ. Acridocarpus Smeathmannii (DC.) Guill. & Perr. Root enhanced reproductive behavior and sexual function in male wistar rats: Biochemical and pharmacological mechanisms. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 230:95-108. [PMID: 30389468 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 10/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Novel therapeutic opportunities from medicinal agents continue to arouse scientific interest in recent times. Still, there is a dearth of information as regards experimental evidence generated from medicinal plants that would yield pharmacological agents for the treatment of erectile dysfunction. Acridocarpus Smeathmannii (DC.) Guill. & Perr. Root (ASR) has a long history as an aphrodisiac in African traditional medicine. Thus, this study investigated the reproductive potentials and associated biochemical mechanisms of its hydroethanolic extract (HEASR) in male Wistar rats. Also, the bioactive compounds were identified. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty-four male albino rats (180 ± 20 g) were divided into nine groups of six rats/group. Control, group 1 received normal saline (10 mL/kg). Groups 2-6 rats were administered sildenafil (1.43 mg/kg/day), mesterolone (0.36 mg/kg/day), doxazocin (0.03 mg/kg/day), HEASR1 (50 mg/kg/day) and HEASR2 (200 mg/kg/day) respectively. Others received co-administration of HEASR2 with standard drugs. Treatment lasted for 28 days via oral gavage. RESULTS An acute oral toxicity of HEASR up to 2 g/kg produced no mortality in mice p.o. while the median lethal dose was estimated to be 810 mg/kg i.p. HEASR2 administration or in combination with sildenafil, mesterolone and doxazocin increased mounting frequencies on day 28 by 77.44%, 122.65%, 148.5% and 93.88% and sperm counts by 38.29%, 55.21%, 42.48%, and 48.98% respectively in treated rats. HEASR2 + sildenafil elevated testosterone and follicle stimulating hormone levels by 36.33% and 24.55% while HEASR2 + doxazocin elevated luteinizing hormone levels by 97.44% in rats. HEASR modulated prostate-specific antigen and malondialdehyde levels respectively. Reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase, and catalase activities were raised in five selected organs. Serum nitric oxide but not cyclooxygenase-2 or tumor necrosis factor-α levels was moderately improved in rats. CONCLUSION Overall, the results obtained demonstrated the potential of HEASR as a male reproductive enhancer, thus justify its folklore applications. Further, octadecanoic acid ethyl ester was the most abundant bioactive component present.
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Affiliation(s)
- O E Kale
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics & Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, P.M.B 12003 Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria.
| | - O Awodele
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics & Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, P.M.B 12003 Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria.
| | - A J Akindele
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics & Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, P.M.B 12003 Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria.
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16
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Preparation from Lepidium meyenii Walpers using high-speed countercurrent chromatography and thermal stability of macamides in air at various temperatures. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2019; 164:768-776. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.11.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Effect of dietary inclusion of small quantities of Mucuna pruriens seed meal on sexual behavior, semen characteristics, and biochemical parameters in rabbit bucks (Oryctolagus cuniculus). Trop Anim Health Prod 2019; 51:1195-1202. [PMID: 30659457 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-019-01808-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to investigate the effects of Mucuna pruriens seed meal (MSM) on sexual behavior, semen, and biochemical parameters in rabbit bucks. Twenty-four 12-week-old rabbit bucks weighing 1002 to 1156 g were randomly allocated to three experimental diets containing 0, 1.5, and 3% of MSM in a 3-month trial. Sexual behavior parameters such as mounting latency, mounting frequency, successful mounting frequency, intromission latency, and post ejaculatory interval were monitored at the end of the experiment by mating with receptive females. Thereafter, rabbits were weighed, stunned, and humanely sacrificed and testes, epididymis, and vas deferens were harvested for evaluation of organ weights and semen characteristics. Results indicate that supplementing rabbit diet with MSM induced a significant decrease (P < 0.05) in mounting latency (69.7%) and intromission latency (19.7%), while it significantly (P < 0.05) increased successful mounting frequency (60%) as well as relative weight of testis (33.3%) and vas deferens (54.5%). There was a dose-dependent increase (P < 0.05) in sperm motility (35.7%) and concentration (65.9%), serum albumin (19.1%) and protein concentration (9.9%), and a decrease in sperm morphological alterations (68.3%), serum cholesterol (13.4%), and urea (11.6%) in treatment groups where MSM was supplemented at 3% compared to controls. From the findings, it appears MSM is a potential enhancer of male reproductive performance that can be recommended to rabbit farmers for improving reproductive performance and quality of semen, hence a boon to reproduction and production in rabbit farming industry.
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Bhat IA, Ahmad I, Mir IN, Bhat RAH, P GB, Goswami M, J K S, Sharma R. Chitosan-eurycomanone nanoformulation acts on steroidogenesis pathway genes to increase the reproduction rate in fish. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2019; 185:237-247. [PMID: 30253226 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2018.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 09/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The study was undertaken to explore the molecular mechanism of eurycomanone, a major compound of Eurycoma longifolia plant in increasing the reproductive processes in the male fish model. Chitosan-nanoconjugated eurycomanone nanoparticles with a significant particle size [130 nm (CED1); 144.1 nm (CED2)] and stable zeta potentials (+49.1 mV and +30 mV) were synthesized and evaluated against naked eurycomanone (ED1 and ED2). In present study, short-term and long-term experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of nano-formulation on expression of endocrine-related genes, circulating hormone concentrations (Follicle stimulating hormone, FSH; luteinizing hormone, LH; progesterone, testosterone and 17-β estradiol) and reproductive capacity of male Clarias magur. In short-term experiment, the sampling of tissues was done on hourly basis after injection of eurycomanone either alone or with chitosan and long-term experiment was carried for 21 days and in this the injection was repeated after 7 days and 14 days. Treatments CED1 and CED2 showed controlled and sustained surge of the transcript level of selected genes (except aromatase) and serum hormones (except 17β-estradiol) compared to ED1 and ED2 groups. The transcript levels of aromatase and serum 17β-estradiol hormone showed the declining trend in the chitosan conjugated groups. The gonadosomatic index (GSI), reproductive capacity, intracellular calcium and selenium and cellular structure of testes were improved in CED1 and CED2 groups compared to other treatments. Furthermore, the effect of chitosan conjugated eurycomanone was evaluated in primary testicular cells and an increase in the mRNA expression level of endocrine-related genes was detected. This is the first report of the use of chitosan conjugated eurycomanone and present study elucidates the molecular mechanism of eurycomanone in increasing the reproductive output in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irfan Ahmad Bhat
- Division of Fish Genetics and Biotechnology, ICAR- Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, 400061, India
| | - Irshad Ahmad
- Division of Fish Genetics and Biotechnology, ICAR- Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, 400061, India
| | - Ishfaq Nazir Mir
- Department of Fish Nutrition, Biochemistry and Physiology, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, 400061, India
| | - Raja Aadil Hussain Bhat
- Fish Pathology discipline, ICAR-Directorate of Cold Water Fisheries, Rd to Vikas Bhawan, Block Road Area, Bhimtal, Uttarakhand, 263136, India
| | - Gireesh-Babu P
- Division of Fish Genetics and Biotechnology, ICAR- Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, 400061, India
| | - Mukunda Goswami
- Division of Fish Genetics and Biotechnology, ICAR- Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, 400061, India
| | - Sundaray J K
- Division of Fish Genetics and Biotechnology, ICAR- Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Kausalyaganga, Bhubaneswar, 751002, Odisha, India
| | - Rupam Sharma
- Division of Fish Genetics and Biotechnology, ICAR- Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, 400061, India.
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Aoki Y, Tsujimura A, Nagashima Y, Hiramatsu I, Uesaka Y, Nozaki T, Ogishima T, Shirai M, Shoyama Y, Tanaka H, Horie S. Effect of Lepidium meyenii on in vitro fertilization via improvement in acrosome reaction and motility of mouse and human sperm. Reprod Med Biol 2019; 18:57-64. [PMID: 30655722 PMCID: PMC6332831 DOI: 10.1002/rmb2.12251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The direct effects of Lepidium meyenii (Maca) on sperm remain unclear. Herein, we examined the direct effect of Maca on in vitro fertilization. METHODS We examined the fertilization rate in a mouse model and the rate of acrosome reaction in sperm from transgenic mice expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) in a Maca extract-containing human tubal fluid (HTF) medium. Using human sperm, we assessed acrosome status via fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated peanut agglutinin (FITC-PNA) staining and performed detailed analysis using a sperm motility analysis system (SMAS). RESULTS In the mouse model, the fertilization rate in the Maca extract-containing HTF was significantly higher than that in the control medium. The acrosome reaction rate in sperm from transgenic mice expressing EGFP was also significantly higher in the Maca extract-containing HTF than that in the control medium. Similarly, a high acrosome reaction rate, identified via FITC-PNA staining of human sperm samples, was found in the Maca extract-containing HTF compared with that in the control medium. Human sperm motility in the Maca extract-containing HTF was also increased compared with that in the control medium as measured using an SMAS. CONCLUSIONS Maca improved in vitro fertilization rates by inducing an acrosome reaction and increasing sperm motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Aoki
- Department of UrologyJuntendo University Urayasu HospitalUrayasuChibaJapan
- Department of UrologyJuntendo University Graduate School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Akira Tsujimura
- Department of UrologyJuntendo University Urayasu HospitalUrayasuChibaJapan
| | - Yuki Nagashima
- Department of UrologyJuntendo University Urayasu HospitalUrayasuChibaJapan
| | - Ippei Hiramatsu
- Department of UrologyJuntendo University Urayasu HospitalUrayasuChibaJapan
- Department of UrologyJuntendo University Graduate School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Yuka Uesaka
- Department of UrologyJuntendo University Urayasu HospitalUrayasuChibaJapan
| | - Taiji Nozaki
- Department of UrologyJuntendo University Urayasu HospitalUrayasuChibaJapan
| | - Tatsuya Ogishima
- Department of UrologyJuntendo University Urayasu HospitalUrayasuChibaJapan
| | - Masato Shirai
- Department of UrologyJuntendo University Urayasu HospitalUrayasuChibaJapan
| | - Yukihiro Shoyama
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical SciencesNagasaki International UniversitySaseboNagasakiJapan
| | - Hiromitsu Tanaka
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical SciencesNagasaki International UniversitySaseboNagasakiJapan
| | - Shigeo Horie
- Department of UrologyJuntendo University Graduate School of MedicineTokyoJapan
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Chen Q, Li M, Wang C, Li Z, Xu J, Zheng Q, Liu P, Zhou H. Combining Targeted Metabolites Analysis and Transcriptomics to Reveal Chemical Composition Difference and Underlying Transcriptional Regulation in Maca ( Lepidium Meyenii Walp.) Ecotypes. Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:genes9070335. [PMID: 29970867 PMCID: PMC6071217 DOI: 10.3390/genes9070335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 06/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Maca (Lepidium meyenii Walp.) is a traditional Andean crop with great potential for various sanitarian and medical functions, which is attracting increased research attention. The majority of previous Maca studies were focused on biochemistry and pharmacodynamics, while the genetic basis of its unique characteristics lagged due to a lack of genome information. The authors perform gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis in the hypocotyls of three Maca ecotypes and identify 79 compounds. Among them, 62 compounds have distinct profiles among Maca ecotypes. To reveal the underlying regulatory mechanism of the chemical composition differences, de novo transcriptome sequencing is performed and the transcription profiles of three Maca ecotypes are comparatively analyzed. Functional analysis indicates several key pathways, including “starch and sucrose metabolism,” “phenylpropanoid biosynthesis,” “phenylalanine metabolism” and “plant-pathogen interaction,” are involved in regulating the chemical compositions of Maca. Combining metabolomics and transcriptomics analysis indicates transcription factors such as MYB and WRKY and mediators such as protein kinase and bifunctional inhibitors might be critical regulators of chemical composition in Maca. The transcriptome reference genome and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) obtained in this study might serve as an initial step to illustrate the genetic differences in nutrient component, secondary metabolites content, medicinal function and stress resistance in Maca.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiansi Chen
- Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou 450000, China.
| | - Meng Li
- College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China.
| | - Chen Wang
- Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou 450000, China.
| | - Zefeng Li
- Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou 450000, China.
| | - Jiayang Xu
- Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou 450000, China.
| | - Qingxia Zheng
- Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou 450000, China.
| | - Pingping Liu
- Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou 450000, China.
| | - Huina Zhou
- Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou 450000, China.
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Bhat IA, Nazir MI, Ahmad I, Pathakota GB, Chanu TI, Goswami M, Sundaray JK, Sharma R. Fabrication and characterization of chitosan conjugated eurycomanone nanoparticles: In vivo evaluation of the biodistribution and toxicity in fish. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 112:1093-1103. [PMID: 29447967 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.02.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) have been proven considerable delivery agents due to their remarkable physicochemical properties. Present study reports the fabrication of CNPs by ionic gelation process and their characterization by different approaches. The constructed nanoparticles were successfully conjugated with eurycomanone with significant entrapment efficiency. Particle size of chitosan and chitosan conjugated eurycomanone nanoparticles were 126.2nm and 130nm respectively. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the particles were spherical in shape and well dispersed. Cross-linking between CNPs and eurycomanone (CENPs) were confirmed by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Fluorescent nanoparticles were prepared by using Rhodamine-6G dye, characterised by SEM and confirmed for conjugation by FTIR. Biodistribution of CENPs showed the presence of fluorescent nanoparticles in liver, kidney, testes and brain of C. magur. The toxicity of CENPs was evaluated by comparing the histological sections of catfish testes collected from treated and control group. No signs of toxicity were seen in testes after the delivery of CENPs. Molecular docking study revealed high spontaneous binding ability of chitosan with eurycomanone and aromatase enzyme. The study reports that CNPs can act as a stabilizing agent for eurycomanone formulation and could be a promising approach to increase the reproductive performance of the fishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irfan Ahmad Bhat
- Division of Fish Genetics and Biotechnology, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai 400061, India
| | - Mir Ishfaq Nazir
- Division of Fish Nutrition and Feed Technology, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai 400061, India
| | - Irshad Ahmad
- Division of Aquaculture, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai 400061, India
| | - Gireesh-Babu Pathakota
- Division of Fish Genetics and Biotechnology, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai 400061, India
| | - T I Chanu
- Aquaculture, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Balabhadrapuram, Kakinada 533343, India
| | - Mukunda Goswami
- Division of Fish Genetics and Biotechnology, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai 400061, India
| | - J K Sundaray
- Division of Fish Genetics and Biotechnology, ICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Kausalyaganga, Bhubaneswar 751002, Odisha, India
| | - Rupam Sharma
- Division of Fish Genetics and Biotechnology, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai 400061, India.
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Beharry S, Heinrich M. Is the hype around the reproductive health claims of maca (Lepidium meyenii Walp.) justified? JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 211:126-170. [PMID: 28811221 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 07/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Maca - Lepidium meyenii Walp. has been cultivated and used by Andean people for over 1300-2000 years in Peru as food and medicine. Starting in the late 1990's it has developed into an important herbal medicine in China and is now cultivated there widely, too AIM OF STUDY: This study aims to provide an insight into the emergence of maca on the global market as an alternative remedy to treat reproductive health related problems in both men and women and to critically assess these health claims. METHODOLOGY A search of electronic databases such as EMBASE and a hand-search was done to acquire peer-reviewed articles and reports about maca. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Lepidium meyenii is used traditionally as a tonic, fertility enhancer for both humans and cattle, and to treat a variety of ailments such as rheumatism, respiratory disorders and anaemia among others. Maca root is cooked, baked, fermented as a drink and made into porridge. In the last twenty years, maca was introduced onto the global market and demand has dramatically grown over this time with its promotion on the internet, as the 'Peruvian Ginseng' for libido and fertility enhancement. It has also been said to treat menopausal symptoms, erectile dysfunction and benign prostatic hyperplasia. The sky-rocketing demand for the plant has seen a shift from traditional cultivation methods to mass production practices with the use of fertilisers and also pesticides; as maca is now grown in areas other than the Andes such as in the Yunnan province in China. This can potentially affect the phytochemistry and composition of the plant and thus, the quality, safety and efficacy of maca products. Meanwhile, research into maca's medicinal properties has followed the spike in popularity of maca and has been focused mainly on maca's aphrodisiac and fertility enhancing properties. So far, the in vivo studies and clinical trials conducted have yielded inconclusive results. Some of the key limitations reside in methodology and sample size. Chemical profiling, led to the discovery of new compounds unique to maca, such as, 'macamides' and also other active metabolites like the glucosinolates; to which the medicinal effects of maca have been ascribed but cannot be confirmed due to lack of data. CONCLUSIONS To date, the health claims of maca cannot be fully supported from a scientific standpoint and more research is needed. It appears that the indigenous local knowledge about the health benefits of maca has been dragged out of context to fit the demands of a growing market for herbal remedies. This globalisation (or hype esp. in China) also has had serious consequences for the local producers in Peru. The lack of protocols to regulate the production and marketing of maca during this rapid expansion, poses a threat to both the safety of consumers and the sustainability of supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruti Beharry
- Research Cluster Biodiversity and Medicines/Research Group Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy, UCL School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Sq., London WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Heinrich
- Research Cluster Biodiversity and Medicines/Research Group Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy, UCL School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Sq., London WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom.
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23
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Del Prete C, Tafuri S, Ciani F, Pasolini MP, Ciotola F, Albarella S, Carotenuto D, Peretti V, Cocchia N. Influences of dietary supplementation withLepidium meyenii(Maca) on stallion sperm production and on preservation of sperm quality during storage at 5 °C. Andrology 2018; 6:351-361. [DOI: 10.1111/andr.12463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Del Prete
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions; University of Naples ‘Federico II’; Naples Italy
| | - S. Tafuri
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions; University of Naples ‘Federico II’; Naples Italy
| | - F. Ciani
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions; University of Naples ‘Federico II’; Naples Italy
| | - M. P. Pasolini
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions; University of Naples ‘Federico II’; Naples Italy
| | - F. Ciotola
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions; University of Naples ‘Federico II’; Naples Italy
| | - S. Albarella
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions; University of Naples ‘Federico II’; Naples Italy
| | - D. Carotenuto
- UNMSM; Universidad Nacional Mayor San Marcos; Lima Peru
| | - V. Peretti
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions; University of Naples ‘Federico II’; Naples Italy
| | - N. Cocchia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions; University of Naples ‘Federico II’; Naples Italy
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Onaolapo AY, Oladipo BP, Onaolapo OJ. Cyclophosphamide-induced male subfertility in mice: An assessment of the potential benefits of Maca supplement. Andrologia 2017; 50. [PMID: 29047156 DOI: 10.1111/and.12911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Effects of Lepidium meyenii (Maca) on cyclophosphamide (CYP)-induced gonadal toxicity in male mice were investigated. Mice were assigned to six treatment groups: Vehicle control, CYP control, CYP plus oral Maca (500 or 1,000 mg/kg), and oral Maca (500 or 1,000 mg/kg). CYP was administered via the intraperitoneal route (days 1-2), while vehicle or Maca were administered daily for 28 days. On day 28, half of the animals in each group were either sacrificed or paired with age-matched females for fertility assessment. Plasma testosterone assay, sperm analysis and assessment of tissue antioxidant/morphological status were also carried out. CYP administration was associated with oxidative stress, subfertility and morphometric/morphological indices of gonadal injury, while administration of Maca mitigated CYP-induced gonadal toxicity and subfertility. This study shows that Maca is beneficial in the mitigation of CYP-induced male gonadal insufficiency and/or testicular morphological changes; however, further studies will be needed to ascertain its usability for this purpose in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Y Onaolapo
- Department of Anatomy, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - B P Oladipo
- Department of Pharmacology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - O J Onaolapo
- Department of Pharmacology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria
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Abstract
In the East, many herbal tonics and preparations are used to assist the aging male improve his sexual drive or ability to perform penetrative sex by increasing sexual stimulation, erectile, ejaculatory, orgasmic and other responses for sexual function and satisfaction. The herbs and tonics act as or as “pick-me-ups” and energizing tonics which help the tired and fatigued male and those with sexual asthenia. The myths and realities concerning Tongkat Ali, sea horse, cobra meat and blood, animal penises and testicles amongst many other herbs and portions for oral intake or local application used by traditional “medical” practitioners and village doctors will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter H C Lim
- Andrology, Urology and Continence Center, Gleneagles Hospital, Singapore
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Yoshida K, Ohta Y, Kawate N, Takahashi M, Inaba T, Hatoya S, Morii H, Takahashi K, Ito M, Tamada H. Long-term feeding of hydroalcoholic extract powder of Lepidium meyenii (maca) enhances the steroidogenic ability of Leydig cells to alleviate its decline with ageing in male rats. Andrologia 2017; 50. [PMID: 28295471 DOI: 10.1111/and.12803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined whether feeding hydroalcoholic extract of Lepidium meyenii (maca) to 8-week-old (sexually maturing) or 18-week-old (mature) male rats for more than a half year affects serum testosterone concentration and testosterone production by Leydig cells cultured with hCG, 22R-hydroxycholesterol or pregnenolone. Testosterone concentration was determined in the serum samples obtained before and 6, 12, 18 and 24 weeks after the feeding, and it was significantly increased only at the 6 weeks in the group fed with the maca extract to maturing rats when it was compared with controls. Testosterone production by Leydig cells significantly increased when cultured with hCG by feeding the maca extract to maturing rats for 27 weeks (35 weeks of age) and when cultured with 22R-hydroxycholesterol by feeding it to mature rats for 30 weeks (48 weeks of age). Overall testosterone production by cultured Leydig cells decreased to about a half from 35 to 48 weeks of age. These results suggest that feeding the maca extract for a long time to male rats may enhance the steroidogenic ability of Leydig cells to alleviate its decline with ageing, whereas it may cause only a transient increase in blood testosterone concentration in sexually maturing male rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Yoshida
- Department of Advanced Pathobiology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Y Ohta
- Department of Advanced Pathobiology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan
| | - N Kawate
- Department of Advanced Pathobiology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan
| | - M Takahashi
- Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Japan
| | - T Inaba
- Department of Advanced Pathobiology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan
| | - S Hatoya
- Department of Advanced Pathobiology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan
| | - H Morii
- Towa Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - M Ito
- Towa Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - H Tamada
- Department of Advanced Pathobiology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan
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Chain F, Iramain MA, Grau A, Catalán CA, Brandán SA. Evaluation of the structural, electronic, topological and vibrational properties of N-(3,4-dimethoxybenzyl)-hexadecanamide isolated from Maca (Lepidium meyenii) using different spectroscopic techniques. J Mol Struct 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2016.09.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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The Nutritional Composition of Maca in Hypocotyls (Lepidium meyeniiWalp.) Cultivated in Different Regions of China. J FOOD QUALITY 2017. [DOI: 10.1155/2017/3749627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Maca (Lepidium meyeniiWalp.) was introduced to China in the recent two decades. Proximate compositions and secondary metabolites in dried maca tuber powders of different cultivation areas and colour types were analyzed and compared in order to provide the scientific guideline for its application. Cultivation region significantly affects the compositions of maca. The protein content of maca ranged from 9.31% to 21.02% by dry basis of maca powders and Xiaopingba-Y, Yulong-Y, and Pamirs-Y have the higher protein contents. The essential amino acids (EAA) contents ranged from 189.19 to 312.90 mg/g protein. The crude lipid content of different maca ranged from 0.59% to 1.00% and has no significant difference (P>0.05). The total dietary fiber (TDF) contents ranged from 17.82% to 26.00% and soluble dietary fiber (SDF) ranged from 2.46% to 7.88%, respectively. Maca samples were rich in Na, Mg, Ca, and K elements which ranged 138.3–187.8, 625.2–837.2, 3838.9–4502.7, and 5394.8–8063.3 mg/kg dry matter (DM). Xiaopingba-Y has the highest benzyl glucosinolate content which was 2.31 mg/g DM. Peru-Y and Xiaopingba have the higher contents of total alkaloids contents which was 2.61 and 2.56 mg/kg DM. Yongsheng-Y, Yulong-Y, and Pamirs-Y were rich in N-benzyl hexadecanamide contents, which were 0.164, 0.174, and 0.173 mg/g DM, respectively. Significant higher protein, total dietary fiber, insoluble dietary fiber, total alkaloids, and benzyl glucosinolate contents were found in purple and black maca compared to yellow maca in Pamirs, while there was no significant difference in N-benzyl hexadecanamide content.
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Pan Y, Zhang J, Li H, Wang YZ, Li WY. Characteristic fingerprinting based on macamides for discrimination of maca (Lepidium meyenii) by LC/MS/MS and multivariate statistical analysis. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2016; 96:4475-4483. [PMID: 26857797 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Revised: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Macamides with a benzylalkylamide nucleus are characteristic and major bioactive compounds in the functional food maca (Lepidium meyenii Walp). The aim of this study was to explore variations in macamide content among maca from China and Peru. Twenty-seven batches of maca hypocotyls with different phenotypes, sampled from different geographical origins, were extracted and profiled by liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection/tandem mass spectrometry (LC-UV/MS/MS). RESULTS Twelve macamides were identified by MS operated in multiple scanning modes. Similarity analysis showed that maca samples differed significantly in their macamide fingerprinting. Partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) was used to differentiate samples according to their geographical origin and to identify the most relevant variables in the classification model. The prediction accuracy for raw maca was 91% and five macamides were selected and considered as chemical markers for sample classification. CONCLUSION When combined with a PLS-DA model, characteristic fingerprinting based on macamides could be recommended for labelling for the authentication of maca from different geographical origins. The results provided potential evidence for the relationships between environmental or other factors and distribution of macamides. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Pan
- Institute of Medicinal Plants, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650200, China
- Yunnan Technical Center for Quality of Chinese Materia Medica, Kunming, 650200, China
| | - Ji Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Plants, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650200, China
- Yunnan Technical Center for Quality of Chinese Materia Medica, Kunming, 650200, China
| | - Hong Li
- Institute of Medicinal Plants, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650200, China
- Yunnan Technical Center for Quality of Chinese Materia Medica, Kunming, 650200, China
| | - Yuan-Zhong Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Plants, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650200, China
- Yunnan Technical Center for Quality of Chinese Materia Medica, Kunming, 650200, China
| | - Wan-Yi Li
- Institute of Medicinal Plants, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650200, China
- Yunnan Technical Center for Quality of Chinese Materia Medica, Kunming, 650200, China
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Díaz P, Cardenas H, Orihuela PA. Red Maca (Lepidium meyenii
) did not affect cell viability despite increased androgen receptor and prostate-specific antigen gene expression in the human prostate cancer cell line LNCaP. Andrologia 2016; 48:922-6. [DOI: 10.1111/and.12681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- P. Díaz
- Laboratorio de Inmunología de la Reproducción; Facultad de Química y Biología; Universidad de Santiago de Chile; Santiago Chile
- Centro para el Desarrollo en Nanociencia y Nanotecnología-CEDENNA; Santiago Chile
| | - H. Cardenas
- Laboratorio de Inmunología de la Reproducción; Facultad de Química y Biología; Universidad de Santiago de Chile; Santiago Chile
- Centro para el Desarrollo en Nanociencia y Nanotecnología-CEDENNA; Santiago Chile
| | - P. A. Orihuela
- Laboratorio de Inmunología de la Reproducción; Facultad de Química y Biología; Universidad de Santiago de Chile; Santiago Chile
- Centro para el Desarrollo en Nanociencia y Nanotecnología-CEDENNA; Santiago Chile
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Yi F, Tan XL, Yan X, Liu HB. In silico profiling for secondary metabolites from Lepidium meyenii (maca) by the pharmacophore and ligand-shape-based joint approach. Chin Med 2016; 11:42. [PMID: 27708692 PMCID: PMC5037646 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-016-0112-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lepidium meyenii Walpers (maca) is an herb known as a traditional nutritional supplement and widely used in Peru, North America, and Europe to enhance human fertility and treat osteoporosis. The secondary metabolites of maca, namely, maca alkaloids, macaenes, and macamides, are bioactive compounds, but their targets are undefined. METHODS The pharmacophore-based PharmaDB targets database screening joint the ligand shape similarity-based WEGA validation approach is proposed to predict the targets of these unique constituents and was performed using Discovery Studio 4.5 and PharmaDB. A compounds-targets-diseases network was established using Cytoscape 3.2. These suitable targets and their genes were calculated and analyzed using ingenuity pathway analysis and GeneMANIA. RESULTS Certain targets were identified in osteoporosis (8 targets), prostate cancer (9 targets), and kidney diseases (11 targets). This was the first study to identify the targets of these bioactive compounds in maca for cardiovascular diseases (29 targets). The compound with the most targets (46) was an amide alkaloid (MA-24). CONCLUSION In silico target fishing identified maca's traditional effects on treatment and prevention of osteoporosis, prostate cancer, and kidney diseases, and its potential function of treating cardiovascular diseases, as the most important of this herb's possible activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yi
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, 151 Malianwa N, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193 China ; Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Xiao-Lei Tan
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, 151 Malianwa N, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193 China ; Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Xin Yan
- Research Center for Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 132 East Circle at University City, Guangzhou, 510006 China
| | - Hai-Bo Liu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, 151 Malianwa N, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193 China ; Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100193 China
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Effects of the Aqueous Extract of Eremomastax speciosa (Acanthaceae) on Sexual Behavior in Normal Male Rats. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:9706429. [PMID: 27525283 PMCID: PMC4971301 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9706429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Revised: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Objective. We studied prosexual effects of Eremomastax speciosa aqueous extract in male adult rats. Materials and Methods. 100 and 500 mg/kg of extract were administered orally (days 0, 1, 4, 7, 14, and 28 (posttreatment)). The sexual behavior of rats receiving a single dose (500 mg/kg) was also evaluated after pretreatment with Lω-NAME (10 mg/kg), haloperidol (1 mg/kg), or atropine (5 mg/kg). Controls received distilled water or testosterone enanthate (20 mg/kg/day/3 days (s.c.) before the test). Results. The extract (days 1–14) had no significant effect on mount, intromission, and ejaculation frequencies but on day 28 (14 days after treatment), it increased frequency of mounts and intromissions at 500 mg/kg. Mount, intromission, and ejaculation latencies reduced and postejaculatory intervals decreased but the effect did not persist 2 weeks after treatment. Extract prosex effects were greatly reduced by atropine and completely abolished by haloperidol, while Lω-NAME increased mount latency and potentiated extract effect on intromission and ejaculation latencies. Conclusion. In summary, E. speciosa extract can have positive effects on male sexual motivation and performance when administered for two weeks at the dose of 500 mg/kg. The effects (dopaminergic and/or cholinergic dependent) tend to appear during the posttreatment period.
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Chain FE, Ladetto MF, Grau A, Catalán CA, Brandán SA. Structural, electronic, topological and vibrational properties of a series of N-benzylamides derived from Maca (Lepidium meyenii) combining spectroscopic studies with ONION calculations. J Mol Struct 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2015.10.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Pan Y, Zhang J, Li H, Wang YZ, Li WY. Simultaneous Analysis of Macamides in Maca (Lepidium meyenii) with Different Drying Process by Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-015-0346-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Yang Q, Jin W, Lv X, Dai P, Ao Y, Wu M, Deng W, Yu L. Effects of macamides on endurance capacity and anti-fatigue property in prolonged swimming mice. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2015; 54:827-834. [PMID: 26453017 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2015.1087036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Lepidium meyenii Walp. (Brassicaceae), most commonly known as "maca", has been used as a food or folk medicine to improve vitality in Peru. Previous research demonstrated that lipid-soluble extract from maca improved swimming endurance capacity. Macamides are considered the typical lipid-soluble markers for maca and proved to have several pharmacological properties, such as improving sexual performance and neuroprotective activies. OBJECTIVE The present study investigates the effects of macamides on endurance capacity and anti-fatigue property in prolonged swimming mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS The Balb/c mice were divided into seven groups: a control group, low-dose groups of N-benzyllinoleamide, N-benzyloleamide, and N-benzylpalmitamide, high-dose groups of these macamides. The macamides groups received the commercial products (12 and 40 mg/kg, ig), while the control group received vehicle for 21 d. On the 14th day, the mice were given the weight-loaded swimming test. On the 21st day, the mice were sacrificed immediately after 90 min swimming, and some biochemical parameters were measured. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Compared with the control group, exhaustive swimming time was significantly prolonged in high-dose group of N-benzyloleamide (p < 0.05); the levels of lactic acid (LD), blood ammonia (BA), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were significantly decreased (p < 0.05), whereas the levels of liver glycogen (LG) and non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) were significantly increased (p < 0.05) in high-dose group of N-benzyloleamide. The malondialdehyde (MDA) contents in the brain, muscle, and liver were significantly decreased (p < 0.05), whereas superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) activities in the brain, muscle, and liver were significantly increased in high-dose group of N-benzyloleamide (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION The results indicate that N-benzyloleamide has pharmaceutical property against exercise-induced fatigue, and this effect can be explained by the modulated energy metabolism and improved antioxidant status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Yang
- a Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Resource Biology and Biotechnology , College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , China
- b School of Physical Education and Sport , Central China Normal University , Wuhan , China
| | - Wenwen Jin
- a Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Resource Biology and Biotechnology , College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , China
- c Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics , Ministry of Education , Wuhan , China , and
- d Wuhan Huashite Industrial Biotechnology Development Co. Ltd. , Wuhan Institute of Biotechnology , Wuhan , China
| | - Xueyuan Lv
- a Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Resource Biology and Biotechnology , College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , China
| | - Pengfei Dai
- a Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Resource Biology and Biotechnology , College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , China
- d Wuhan Huashite Industrial Biotechnology Development Co. Ltd. , Wuhan Institute of Biotechnology , Wuhan , China
| | - Yanxiao Ao
- a Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Resource Biology and Biotechnology , College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , China
| | - Mengying Wu
- a Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Resource Biology and Biotechnology , College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , China
| | - Wenjing Deng
- a Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Resource Biology and Biotechnology , College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , China
| | - Longjiang Yu
- a Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Resource Biology and Biotechnology , College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , China
- c Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics , Ministry of Education , Wuhan , China , and
- d Wuhan Huashite Industrial Biotechnology Development Co. Ltd. , Wuhan Institute of Biotechnology , Wuhan , China
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Ohta Y, Yoshida K, Kamiya S, Kawate N, Takahashi M, Inaba T, Hatoya S, Morii H, Takahashi K, Ito M, Ogawa H, Tamada H. Feeding hydroalcoholic extract powder ofLepidium meyenii(maca) increases serum testosterone concentration and enhances steroidogenic ability of Leydig cells in male rats. Andrologia 2015; 48:347-54. [DOI: 10.1111/and.12453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Y. Ohta
- Department of Advanced Pathobiology; Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences; Osaka Prefecture University; Osaka Japan
| | - K. Yoshida
- Department of Advanced Pathobiology; Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences; Osaka Prefecture University; Osaka Japan
| | - S. Kamiya
- Department of Advanced Pathobiology; Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences; Osaka Prefecture University; Osaka Japan
| | - N. Kawate
- Department of Advanced Pathobiology; Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences; Osaka Prefecture University; Osaka Japan
| | - M. Takahashi
- Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine; Faculty of Agriculture; Iwate University; Morioka Japan
| | - T. Inaba
- Department of Advanced Pathobiology; Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences; Osaka Prefecture University; Osaka Japan
| | - S. Hatoya
- Department of Advanced Pathobiology; Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences; Osaka Prefecture University; Osaka Japan
| | - H. Morii
- Towa Corporation; Shinjuku-ku Tokyo Japan
| | | | - M. Ito
- Towa Corporation; Shinjuku-ku Tokyo Japan
| | - H. Ogawa
- Faculty of Human Sciences; Tezukayama Gakuin University; Harumidai; Sakai City Osaka Japan
| | - H. Tamada
- Department of Advanced Pathobiology; Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences; Osaka Prefecture University; Osaka Japan
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A double-blind placebo-controlled trial of maca root as treatment for antidepressant-induced sexual dysfunction in women. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:949036. [PMID: 25954318 PMCID: PMC4411442 DOI: 10.1155/2015/949036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Revised: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective. We sought to demonstrate that maca root may be an effective treatment for antidepressant-induced sexual dysfunction (AISD) in women. Method. We conducted a 12-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of maca root (3.0 g/day) in 45 female outpatients (mean age of 41.5 ± 12.5 years) with SSRI/SNRI-induced sexual dysfunction whose depression remitted. Endpoints were improvement in sexual functioning as per the Arizona Sexual Experience Scale (ASEX) and the Massachusetts General Hospital Sexual Function Questionnaire (MGH-SFQ). Results. 45 of 57 consented females were randomized, and 42 (30 premenopausal and 12 postmenopausal women) were eligible for a modified intent-to-treat analysis based on having had at least one postmedication visit. Remission rates by the end of treatment were higher for the maca than the placebo group, based on attainment of an ASEX total score ≤ 10 (9.5% for maca versus 4.8% for placebo), attaining an MGH-SFQ score ≤ 12 (30.0% for maca versus 20.0% for placebo) and reaching an MGH-SFQ score ≤ 8 (9.5% for maca versus 5.0% for placebo). Higher remission rates for the maca versus placebo group were associated with postmenopausal status. Maca was well tolerated. Conclusion. Maca root may alleviate SSRI-induced sexual dysfunction in postmenopausal women. This trial is registered with NCT00568126.
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A molecular docking study of phytochemical estrogen mimics from dietary herbal supplements. In Silico Pharmacol 2015; 3:4. [PMID: 25878948 PMCID: PMC4397262 DOI: 10.1186/s40203-015-0008-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study is to use a molecular docking approach to identify potential estrogen mimics or anti-estrogens in phytochemicals found in popular dietary herbal supplements. METHODS In this study, 568 phytochemicals found in 17 of the most popular herbal supplements sold in the United States were built and docked with two isoforms of the estrogen receptor, ERα and ERβ (a total of 27 different protein crystal structures). RESULTS The docking results revealed six strongly docking compounds in Echinacea, three from milk thistle (Silybum marianum), three from Gingko biloba, one from Sambucus nigra, none from maca (Lepidium meyenii), five from chaste tree (Vitex agnus-castus), two from fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum), and two from Rhodiola rosea. Notably, of the most popular herbal supplements for women, there were numerous compounds that docked strongly with the estrogen receptor: Licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) had a total of 26 compounds strongly docking to the estrogen receptor, 15 with wild yam (Dioscorea villosa), 11 from black cohosh (Actaea racemosa), eight from muira puama (Ptychopetalum olacoides or P. uncinatum), eight from red clover (Trifolium pratense), three from damiana (Turnera aphrodisiaca or T. diffusa), and three from dong quai (Angelica sinensis). Of possible concern were the compounds from men's herbal supplements that exhibited strong docking to the estrogen receptor: Gingko biloba had three compounds, gotu kola (Centella asiatica) had two, muira puama (Ptychopetalum olacoides or P. uncinatum) had eight, and Tribulus terrestris had six compounds. CONCLUSIONS This molecular docking study has revealed that almost all popular herbal supplements contain phytochemical components that may bind to the human estrogen receptor and exhibit selective estrogen receptor modulation. As such, these herbal supplements may cause unwanted side effects related to estrogenic activity.
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Bai N, He K, Roller M, Lai CS, Bai L, Pan MH. Flavonolignans and other constituents from Lepidium meyenii with activities in anti-inflammation and human cancer cell lines. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:2458-2463. [PMID: 25667964 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b00219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
From the roots of Lepidium meyenii Walpers (Brassicaceae) have been isolated and identified 2 flavonolignans, tricin 4'-O-[threo-β-guaiacyl-(7″-O-methyl)-glyceryl] ether (1) and tricin 4'-O-(erythro-β-guaiacyl-glyceryl) ether (2), along with 11 other known compounds, tricin (3), pinoresinol (4), 4-hydroxycinnamic acid (5), guanosine (6), glucotropaeolin (7), desulfoglucotropaeolin (8), 3-hydroxybenzylisothiocyanate (9), malic acid benzoate (10), 5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-furfural (11), d-phenylalanine (12), and vanillic acid 4-O-β-d-glucoside (13). Structures were elucidated on the basis of NMR and MS data. Some isolates and previously isolated lepidiline B (14) were tested for cytotoxicity in a small panel of human cancer cell lines (Hep G2, COLO 205, and HL-60) and for anti-inflammatory activities in LPS-treated RAW 264.7 macrophage. Among them, compounds 1 and 14 were modestly active for inhibiting nitrite production in macrophage. Compounds 1, 14, and 3 were demonstrated to be selectively active against HL-60 cells with IC50 values of 40.4, 52.0, and 52.1 μM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naisheng Bai
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Degradable Biomedical Materials, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Northwest University , Taibai North Road 229, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China 710069
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Khouri NA, Daradka HM, Allouh MZ, Alkofahi AS. Comparative effects of Orchis anatolica vs. the red Korean Panax ginseng treatments on testicular structure and function of adult male mice. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY & INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2014; 12:33-41. [PMID: 25418973 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2012-0035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2012] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effects of Orchis anatolica plant roots on adult male mice testicular structure and function were explored and compared with those of the red Korean Panax ginseng. METHODS Both plants were administered orally to two separate mice groups at a dose of 800 mg/kg/day for 35 days and compared with control group. After treatment, 5 mice of each group were sacrificed and total mice weights, reproductive organs' weights, spermatogenesis, and androgenic serum markers were investigated. The remaining mice from all groups were allowed to mate with virgin female mice to explore male fertility potential. RESULTS RESULTS indicated that body and organs' weights were increased significantly in mice treated with Orchis anatolica where only slight changes were observed in red Korean Panax ginseng treated and control mice. Intestinal testicular Leydig cells and germinal cells counts were elevated significantly in mice treated with Orchis anatolica plant when compared with the other two groups. Testicular dynamics parameters recorded in both testes and caudae epididymides were found to be increased only in Orchis anatolica treated mice. Although testosterone serum titer was observed to be elevated in both treated mice groups a marked elevation was observed only in Orchis anatolica treated mice. Follicular stimulating hormone blood serum titer was also elevated obtained in Orchis anatolica treated mice when compared with the other two groups. The fertility index of male mice treated with Orchis anatolica plant was enhanced to a greater value when allowed mating with virgin female mice if compared with male mice fertility index recorded in the other two groups. CONCLUSIONS We can conclude that Orchis anatolica plant could be more useful to improve testicular functions and structural parameters in mice when compared with red Korean Panax ginseng.
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Stojanovska L, Law C, Lai B, Chung T, Nelson K, Day S, Apostolopoulos V, Haines C. Maca reduces blood pressure and depression, in a pilot study in postmenopausal women. Climacteric 2014; 18:69-78. [PMID: 24931003 DOI: 10.3109/13697137.2014.929649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Lepidium meyenii (Maca) has been used for centuries for its fertility-enhancing and aphrodisiac properties. In an Australian study, Maca improved anxiety and depressive scores. The effects of Maca on hormones, lipids, glucose, serum cytokines, blood pressure, menopausal symptoms and general well-being in Chinese postmenopausal women were evaluated. METHODS A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study was conducted in 29 postmenopausal Hong Kong Chinese women. They received 3.3 g/day of Maca or placebo for 6 weeks each, in either order, over 12 weeks. At baseline, week 6 and week 12, estradiol, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), full lipid profiles, glucose and serum cytokines were measured. The Greene Climacteric, SF-36 Version 2, Women's Health Questionnaire and Utian Quality of Life Scales were used to assess the severity of menopausal symptoms and health-related quality of life. RESULTS There were no differences in estradiol, FSH, TSH, SHBG, glucose, lipid profiles and serum cytokines amongst those who received Maca as compared to the placebo group; however, significant decreases in diastolic blood pressure and depression were apparent after Maca treatment. CONCLUSIONS Maca did not exert hormonal or immune biological action in the small cohort of patients studied; however, it appeared to reduce symptoms of depression and improve diastolic blood pressure in Chinese postmenopausal women. Although results are comparable to previous similar published studies in postmenopausal women, there might be a cultural difference among the Chinese postmenopausal women in terms of symptom reporting.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Stojanovska
- * Centre for Chronic Disease Prevention and Management, College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University , Victoria , Australia
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Corazza O, Martinotti G, Santacroce R, Chillemi E, Di Giannantonio M, Schifano F, Cellek S. Sexual enhancement products for sale online: raising awareness of the psychoactive effects of yohimbine, maca, horny goat weed, and Ginkgo biloba. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:841798. [PMID: 25025070 PMCID: PMC4082836 DOI: 10.1155/2014/841798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Revised: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The use of unlicensed food and herbal supplements to enhance sexual functions is drastically increasing. This phenomenon, combined with the availability of these products over the Internet, represents a challenge from a clinical and a public health perspective. METHODS A comprehensive multilingual assessment of websites, drug fora, and other online resources was carried out between February and July 2013 with exploratory qualitative searches including 203 websites. Additional searches were conducted using the Global Public Health Intelligence Network (GPHIN). Once the active constitutes of the products were identified, a comprehensive literature search was carried out using PsycInfo and PubMed. RESULTS The most common sexual enhancement products available on the Internet were identified. Their active ingredients included yohimbine, maca, horny goat weed and Ginkgo biloba. These four substances were reported with the occurrence of adverse events and the induction of psychological symptoms, such as mood changes, anxiety, and hallucinations as well as addictive behaviours. CONCLUSIONS Uncontrolled availability of sexual enhancement products that contain potentially harmful substances is a major public health concern. The possible impact on population health, particularly among subjects with psychiatric disorders, usually at risk for sexual dysfunction, may be significant. This new trend needs to be extensively studied and monitored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ornella Corazza
- School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, College Lane, Hatfield AL10 9AB, UK
| | - Giovanni Martinotti
- Department of Neuroscience and Imaging, University “G. d'Annunzio”, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Rita Santacroce
- School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, College Lane, Hatfield AL10 9AB, UK
- Department of Neuroscience and Imaging, University “G. d'Annunzio”, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Eleonora Chillemi
- Department of Neuroscience and Imaging, University “G. d'Annunzio”, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | | | - Fabrizio Schifano
- School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, College Lane, Hatfield AL10 9AB, UK
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Ajiboye TO, Nurudeen QO, Yakubu MT. Aphrodisiac effect of aqueous root extract of Lecaniodiscus cupanioides in sexually impaired rats. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2014; 25:241-248. [PMID: 24353139 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2013-0061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2013] [Accepted: 11/02/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The phytochemical constituents of the aqueous root extract of Lecaniodiscus cupanioides Planch. Ex Bth. and its aphrodisiac activity on male rat sexual behavior and reproductive hormones in paroxetine-induced sexual dysfunction were evaluated. METHODS The extract was screened for the presence of phytochemicals. The extract (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg body weight) and the reference herbal drug PowmaxM (7.14 mg/kg body weight) were administered orally to paroxetine-induced sexually impaired male rats, once daily for 5 days, and their sexual behavior parameters were monitored and computed. The serum hormones (testosterone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and luteinizing hormone) were determined at the end of treatment period. RESULTS Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, anthraquinones, phenolics, saponins, and tannins. Mount frequency (MF), intromission frequency (IF), ejaculatory frequency (EF), and testosterone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and luteinizing hormone concentrations were reduced significantly (p<0.05) in paroxetine-treated rats. Administration of 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg body weight of the aqueous root extract of L. cupanioides significantly (p<0.05) reversed the paroxetine-mediated alterations in MF, IF, EF, mount latency (ML), intromission latency (IL), ejaculatory latency (EL), postejaculatory interval (PEI), and testosterone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and luteinizing hormone concentrations dose-dependently. The reversal of the male sexual behavior parameters by the extract compared well (p<0.05) with the PowmaxM-treated animals. CONCLUSIONS Data obtained from this study revealed that the aqueous root extract of L. cupanioides restored sexual competence in sexually impaired rats possibly by increasing sexual drive through enhanced reproductive hormones concentration, particularly testosterone, thus supporting the folkloric claim of the plant for the management of sexual disorder in males.
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Uchiyama F, Jikyo T, Takeda R, Ogata M. Lepidium meyenii (Maca) enhances the serum levels of luteinising hormone in female rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 151:897-902. [PMID: 24333960 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.11.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Revised: 11/12/2013] [Accepted: 11/30/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Lepidium meyenii (Maca) is traditionally employed in the Andean region for its supposed fertility benefits. This study investigated the effect of Maca on the serum pituitary hormone levels during the pro-oestrus phase. MATERIALS AND METHODS Maca powder was made from the tubers of Lepidium meyenii Walp collected, dried, and reduced to powder at the plantation in Junín Plateau and was purchased from Yamano del Perú SAC. The Maca powder was identified by chemical profiling and taxonomic methods. Two groups of female Sprague-Dawley rats were provided feed with normal feed containing 5%, 25%, or 50% Maca powder ad libitum for 7 weeks. At 1800h of the proestrus stage, the rats were euthanised, and blood samples were collected for serum isolation. The serum pituitary hormone levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). RESULTS No significant differences in feed intake or growth rate were observed among the rats. During the pro-oestrus stage, a 4.5-fold increase (P<0.01) in luteinising hormone (LH) and a 19-fold increase (P<0.01) in follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) were observed in the sera of rats fed with 50% Maca powder compared with the control rats. No significant differences were observed in the levels of the other pituitary hormones, including growth hormone (GH), prolactin (PRL), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). A dose-dependent increase of LH serum levels was observed within the range of 3-30g Maca/kg. Furthermore, the enhancement of the LH serum levels was specific to the pro-oestrus LH surge. CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrates that Maca uniquely enhances the LH serum levels of pituitary hormones in female rats during the pro-oestrus LH surge and acts in a pharmacological, dose-dependent manner. These findings support the traditional use of Maca to enhance fertility and suggest a potential molecular mechanism responsible for its effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumiaki Uchiyama
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Graduate School of Nutritional Sciences, Nakamura Gakuen University, 5-7-1 Befu, Jounan-Ku, Fukuoka 814-0198, Japan; Department of Molecular Biosciences, Institute of Preventive and Medicinal Dietetics, Nakamura Gakuen University, Fukuoka 814-0198, Japan.
| | - Tamaki Jikyo
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Institute of Preventive and Medicinal Dietetics, Nakamura Gakuen University, Fukuoka 814-0198, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Takeda
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Institute of Preventive and Medicinal Dietetics, Nakamura Gakuen University, Fukuoka 814-0198, Japan
| | - Misato Ogata
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Institute of Preventive and Medicinal Dietetics, Nakamura Gakuen University, Fukuoka 814-0198, Japan
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Bella AJ, Shamloul R. Traditional Plant Aphrodisiacs and Male Sexual Dysfunction. Phytother Res 2013; 28:831-5. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J Bella
- University of Ottawa; Department of Surgery Division of Urology; Civic Campus B3 Urology, 1053 Carling Avenue Ottawa Ontario Canada K1Y4E9
| | - Rany Shamloul
- University of Ottawa; Urology; Ontario Canada
- Department of Andrology; Cairo University; Cairo Egypt
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Macamides and their synthetic analogs: Evaluation of in vitro FAAH inhibition. Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 21:5188-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2013] [Revised: 06/05/2013] [Accepted: 06/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Kotta S, Ansari SH, Ali J. Exploring scientifically proven herbal aphrodisiacs. Pharmacogn Rev 2013; 7:1-10. [PMID: 23922450 PMCID: PMC3731873 DOI: 10.4103/0973-7847.112832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2012] [Revised: 12/08/2012] [Accepted: 06/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Procreation was an important moral and religious issue and aphrodisiacs were sought to ensure both male and female potency. Sexual dysfunction is an inability to achieve a normal sexual intercourse, including premature ejaculation, retrograded, retarded or inhibited ejaculation, erectile dysfunction, arousal difficulties (reduced libido), compulsive sexual behavior, orgasmic disorder, and failure of detumescence. The introduction of the first pharmacologically approved remedy for impotence, Viagra (sildenafil) in 1990s caused a wave of public attention, propelled in part by heavy advertising. The search for such substances dates back millennia. An aphrodisiac is an agent (food or drug) that arouses sexual desire. The hunt for natural supplement from medicinal plants is being intensified mainly because of its fewer side effects. In this review, we have mentioned the pharmacologically tested (either in man or animal or in both) aphrodisiac plants, which have claimed for its uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabna Kotta
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | - Shahid H. Ansari
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | - Javed Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi, India
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Abedi A, Parviz M, Karimian SM, Rodsari HRS. Aphrodisiac Activity of Aqueous Extract of <i>Phoenix dactylifera</i> Pollen in Male Rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.4236/asm.2013.31006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Goswami SK, Pandre MK, Jamwal R, Dethe S, Agarwal A, Inamdar MN. Screening for Rho-kinase 2 inhibitory potential of Indian medicinal plants used in management of erectile dysfunction. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2012; 144:483-489. [PMID: 23043981 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.07.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2012] [Revised: 07/13/2012] [Accepted: 07/21/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
THE AIM OF THE STUDY Activation of Rho-kinase 2 (ROCK-II) results in contraction of corpus cavernosum smooth muscle and ROCK-II inhibitors relax corpus cavernosum in vitro and in vivo hence, plant extracts capable of inhibiting ROCK-II enzyme may be useful in management of erectile dysfunction (ED). The aim of the study was to screen selected Indian medicinal plants, having similar ethnopharmacological use for ROCK-II inhibition. MATERIALS AND METHODS Some Indian medicinal plants reported as aphrodisiacs in Ayurveda and modern scientific literature were collected, authenticated and extracted. Direct methanol and successive aqueous extracts of these plants were screened for ROCK-II inhibitory activity using HTRF(®)KinEASE™ STK S2 Kit (Cisbio Bioassays). Relaxant effect of potent extract was recorded on isolated rat corpus cavernosum. RESULTS Methanolic and successive aqueous extracts of 30 plants were screened for ROCK-II inhibition and 15 herbal extracts showed inhibition ranging between 50 and 88% at 50 μg/mL. While IC(50) of Y-27632, a standard ROCK-II inhibitor, was found to be 163.8 ± 1.2 nM. The Methanolic extract of Terminalia chebula (METC) with IC(50) value of 6.09 ± 0.17 μg/mL was found to be most potent and relaxed isolated rat corpus cavernosum significantly (p<0.01). Chebulagic and chebulinic acid of METC were found to inhibit ROCK-II and might be responsible for the inhibitory potential of the extract. The traditional use of plants like Butea frondosa, Syzygium aromaticum, Butea superba, Chlorophytum borivilianum and Mucuna pruriens, as aphrodisiacs and for male sexual disorder (MSD) might be in part due to the ROCK II inhibitory potential of these plants. CONCLUSION Some of the Indian medicinal plants have ROCK-II inhibitory potential and those deserve further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumanta Kumar Goswami
- Department of Pharmacology, Al-Ameen College of Pharmacy, Near Lalbagh Main Gate, Bangalore-560027, India.
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Sharma V, Thakur M, Chauhan NS, Dixit VK. Effects of petroleum ether extract of Anacyclus pyrethrum DC. on sexual behavior in male rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 8:767-73. [PMID: 20727332 DOI: 10.3736/jcim20100807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The roots of Anacyclus pyrethrum DC. (Compositae) are employed in Ayurvedic system of medicine as "Vajikaran Rasayana"--a category of drugs for vitality and virility. They are believed to have aphrodisiac action. The present investigation was undertaken to evaluate their effects on sexual behavior in male rats. METHODS Thirty-two male Wistar rats were divided into control group, testosterone group, low-dose (50 mg/kg) petroleum ether extract (PEE) group and high-dose (100 mg/kg) PEE group. PEE obtained from the roots of Anacyclus pyrethrum was administered orally to albino rats once daily, and 0.5 mg/kg (body weight) of testosterone was given intramuscularly twice weekly and served as positive control. The course of treatment was 28 days. The effects of PEE and testosterone on changes in body and accessory sexual organ weights, sexual behavior, penile erection and sexual performance were studied before treatment, after 15 and 28 days of treatment and 7 and 15 days after treatment. RESULTS After 28 days of treatment, PEE and testosterone had a marked influence on body and accessory sexual organ weights as compared with arachis oil. The treated male rats were more receptive and oriented towards female rats and increased precopulatory activities like licking and sniffing of female anogenital were observed. The penile erection index was significantly increased with reduction in mount latency and intromission latency period. There were four-fold increase in mount and three-fold increase in intromission frequency in treated rats reflecting improved sexual performance. The behavioral and sexual parameters were also observed after a lapse of 7 and 15 days of discontinuance of drug treatment. CONCLUSION Unlike testosterone, the PEE of Anacyclus pyrethrum shows efficacy in rats tested after the lapse of 7 and 15 days of discontinuation of treatment. This suggests that the drug has prolonged effect and capacitate the treated rats for improved sexual potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Hari Singh Gour Vishwavidyalaya, Sagar 470003, India
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