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Zhang T, Liu SQ, Xia YN, Li BW, Wang X, Li JH. Aging-Related Behavioral Patterns in Tibetan Macaques. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1325. [PMID: 37887035 PMCID: PMC10604545 DOI: 10.3390/biology12101325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Aging can induce changes in social behaviors among humans and nonhuman primates (NHPs). Therefore, investigating the aging process in primate species can provide valuable evidence regarding age-related concerns in humans. However, the link between aging and behavioral patterns in nonhuman primates remains poorly comprehended. To address this gap, the present research examined aging-related behaviors exhibited by Tibetan macaques (Macaca thibetana) in their natural habitat in Huangshan, China, during the period from October 2020 to June 2021. We collected behavioral data from 25 adult macaques using different data collection methods, including focal animal sampling and ad libitum sampling methods. We found that among adult female macaques, the frequency of being attacked decreased with their age, and that the frequency of approaching other monkeys also decreased as age increased. In males, however, this was not the case. Our findings demonstrate that older female macaques exhibit active conflict avoidance, potentially attributed to a reduction in the frequency of approaching conspecifics and a decreased likelihood of engaging in conflict behaviors. This study provides some important data for investigating aging in NHPs and confirms that Macaca can exhibit a preference for social partners under aging-related contexts similar to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Zhang
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China; (T.Z.); (S.-Q.L.)
- International Collaborative Research Center for Huangshan Biodiversity and Tibetan Macaque Behavioral Ecology, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Shen-Qi Liu
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China; (T.Z.); (S.-Q.L.)
- International Collaborative Research Center for Huangshan Biodiversity and Tibetan Macaque Behavioral Ecology, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Ying-Na Xia
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China; (T.Z.); (S.-Q.L.)
- International Collaborative Research Center for Huangshan Biodiversity and Tibetan Macaque Behavioral Ecology, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Bo-Wen Li
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China; (T.Z.); (S.-Q.L.)
- International Collaborative Research Center for Huangshan Biodiversity and Tibetan Macaque Behavioral Ecology, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Xi Wang
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China; (T.Z.); (S.-Q.L.)
- International Collaborative Research Center for Huangshan Biodiversity and Tibetan Macaque Behavioral Ecology, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Jin-Hua Li
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China; (T.Z.); (S.-Q.L.)
- International Collaborative Research Center for Huangshan Biodiversity and Tibetan Macaque Behavioral Ecology, Hefei 230601, China
- School of Life Sciences, Hefei Normal University, Hefei 230601, China
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2
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Zhang Y, Qi J, Zhao J, Li M, Zhang Y, Hu H, Wei L, Zhou K, Qin H, Qu P, Cao W, Liu E. Effect of Dietetic Obesity on Testicular Transcriptome in Cynomolgus Monkeys. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14030557. [PMID: 36980830 PMCID: PMC10048326 DOI: 10.3390/genes14030557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a metabolic disorder resulting from behavioral, environmental and heritable causes, and can have a negative impact on male reproduction. There have been few experiments in mice, rats, and rabbits on the effects of obesity on reproduction, which has inhibited the development of better treatments for male subfertility caused by obesity. Nonhuman primates are most similar to human beings in anatomy, physiology, metabolism, and biochemistry and are appropriate subjects for obesity studies. In this investigation, we conducted a transcriptome analysis of the testes of cynomolgus monkeys on high-fat, high-fructose, and cholesterol-rich diets to determine the effect of obesity on gene expression in testes. The results showed that the testes of obese monkeys had abnormal morphology, and their testes transcriptome was significantly different from that of non-obese animals. We identified 507 differentially abundant genes (adjusted p value < 0.01, log2 [FC] > 2) including 163 up-regulated and 344 down-regulated genes. Among the differentially abundant genes were ten regulatory genes, including IRF1, IRF6, HERC5, HERC6, IFIH1, IFIT2, IFIT5, IFI35, RSAD2, and UBQLNL. Gene ontology (GO) and KEGG pathway analysis was conducted, and we found that processes and pathways associated with the blood testes barrier (BTB), immunity, inflammation, and DNA methylation in gametes were preferentially enriched. We also found abnormal expression of genes related to infertility (TDRD5, CLCN2, MORC1, RFX8, SOHLH1, IL2RB, MCIDAS, ZPBP, NFIA, PTPN11, TSC22D3, MAPK6, PLCB1, DCUN1D1, LPIN1, and GATM) and down-regulation of testosterone in monkeys with dietetic obesity. This work not only provides an important reference for research and treatment on male infertility caused by obesity, but also valuable insights into the effects of diet on gene expression in testes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanru Zhang
- Laboratory Animal Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Centre, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Jia Qi
- Laboratory Animal Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Centre, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Juan Zhao
- Laboratory Animal Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Centre, Xi’an 710061, China
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Miaojing Li
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Yulin Zhang
- Laboratory Animal Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Centre, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Huizhong Hu
- Laboratory Animal Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Centre, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Liangliang Wei
- Laboratory Animal Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Centre, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Kai Zhou
- Laboratory Animal Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Centre, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Hongyu Qin
- Precision Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Pengxiang Qu
- Laboratory Animal Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Centre, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Wenbin Cao
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education of China, Xi’an 710049, China
- Correspondence: (W.C.); (E.L.)
| | - Enqi Liu
- Laboratory Animal Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Centre, Xi’an 710061, China
- Correspondence: (W.C.); (E.L.)
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3
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Liang F, Yu S, Pang S, Wang X, Jie J, Gao F, Song Z, Li B, Liao WH, Yin M. Non-human primate models and systems for gait and neurophysiological analysis. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1141567. [PMID: 37188006 PMCID: PMC10175625 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1141567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) have garnered extensive interest and become a groundbreaking technology to restore movement, tactile sense, and communication in patients. Prior to their use in human subjects, clinical BCIs require rigorous validation and verification (V&V). Non-human primates (NHPs) are often considered the ultimate and widely used animal model for neuroscience studies, including BCIs V&V, due to their proximity to humans. This literature review summarizes 94 NHP gait analysis studies until 1 June, 2022, including seven BCI-oriented studies. Due to technological limitations, most of these studies used wired neural recordings to access electrophysiological data. However, wireless neural recording systems for NHPs enabled neuroscience research in humans, and many on NHP locomotion, while posing numerous technical challenges, such as signal quality, data throughout, working distance, size, and power constraint, that have yet to be overcome. Besides neurological data, motion capture (MoCap) systems are usually required in BCI and gait studies to capture locomotion kinematics. However, current studies have exclusively relied on image processing-based MoCap systems, which have insufficient accuracy (error: ≥4° and 9 mm). While the role of the motor cortex during locomotion is still unclear and worth further exploration, future BCI and gait studies require simultaneous, high-speed, accurate neurophysiological, and movement measures. Therefore, the infrared MoCap system which has high accuracy and speed, together with a high spatiotemporal resolution neural recording system, may expand the scope and improve the quality of the motor and neurophysiological analysis in NHPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengyan Liang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Hainan Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Affiliated Haikou Hospital of Xiangya Medical College, Central South University, Haikou, China
| | - Shanshan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Hainan Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Siqi Pang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Hainan Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Hainan Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Jing Jie
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Hainan Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Fei Gao
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhenhua Song
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Affiliated Haikou Hospital of Xiangya Medical College, Central South University, Haikou, China
| | - Binbin Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Affiliated Haikou Hospital of Xiangya Medical College, Central South University, Haikou, China
| | - Wei-Hsin Liao
- Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China
| | - Ming Yin
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Hainan Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, China
- *Correspondence: Ming Yin,
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4
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Tomiyama T, Yamamoto T, Takahama S, Toshima T, Itoh S, Harada N, Shimokawa M, Okuzaki D, Mori M, Yoshizumi T. Up-regulated LRRN2 expression as a marker for graft quality in living donor liver transplantation. Hepatol Commun 2022; 6:2836-2849. [PMID: 35894759 PMCID: PMC9512467 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.2033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The quality and size of liver grafts are critical factors that influence living‐donor liver transplantation (LDLT) function and safety. However, the biomarkers used for predicting graft quality are lacking. In this study, we sought to identify unique graft quality markers, aside from donor age, by using the livers of non‐human primates. Hepatic gene microarray expression data from young and elderly cynomolgus macaques revealed a total of 271 genes with significantly increased expression in the elderly. These candidate genes were then narrowed down to six through bioinformatics analyses. The expression patterns of these candidate genes in human donor liver tissues were subsequently examined. Importantly, we found that grafts exhibiting up‐regulated expression of these six candidate genes were associated with an increased incidence of liver graft failure. Multivariable analysis further revealed that up‐regulated expression of LRRN2 (encoding leucine‐rich repeat protein, neuronal 2) in donor liver tissue served as an independent risk factor for graft failure (odds ratio 4.50, confidence interval 2.08–9.72). Stratification based on graft expression of LRRN2 and donor age was also significantly associated with 6‐month graft survival rates. Conclusion: Up‐regulated LRRN2 expression of liver graft is significantly correlated with graft failure in LDLT. In addition, combination of graft LRRN2 expression and donor age may represent a promising marker for predicting LDLT graft quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Tomiyama
- Department of Surgery and Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takuya Yamamoto
- Laboratory of Immunosenescence, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan.,Laboratory of Aging and Immune Regulation, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Virology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shokichi Takahama
- Laboratory of Immunosenescence, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takeo Toshima
- Department of Surgery and Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shinji Itoh
- Department of Surgery and Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Noboru Harada
- Department of Surgery and Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Mototsugu Shimokawa
- Department of Biostatistics, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Daisuke Okuzaki
- Single Cell Genomics, Human Immunology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Genome Information Research Center, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masaki Mori
- Department of Surgery and Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tomoharu Yoshizumi
- Department of Surgery and Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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5
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Zhao T, Xie Z, Xi Y, Liu L, Li Z, Qin D. How to Model Rheumatoid Arthritis in Animals: From Rodents to Non-Human Primates. Front Immunol 2022; 13:887460. [PMID: 35693791 PMCID: PMC9174425 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.887460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. At present, rodent models are primarily used to study the pathogenesis and treatment of RA. However, the genetic divergences between rodents and humans determine differences in the development of RA, which makes it necessary to explore the establishment of new models. Compared to rodents, non-human primates (NHPs) are much more closely related to humans in terms of the immune system, metabolic conditions, and genetic make-up. NHPs model provides a powerful tool to study the development of RA and potential complications, as well as preclinical studies in drug development. This review provides a brief overview of the RA animal models, emphasizes the replication methods, pros and cons, as well as evaluates the validity of the rodent and NHPs models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Zhaohu Xie
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Yujiang Xi
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Li Liu
- Ge Jiu People's Hospital, Yunnan Honghe Prefecture Central Hospital, Gejiu, China
| | - Zhaofu Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Dongdong Qin
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
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6
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Matzkin ME, Calandra RS, Rossi SP, Bartke A, Frungieri MB. Hallmarks of Testicular Aging: The Challenge of Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Therapies Using Natural and/or Pharmacological Compounds to Improve the Physiopathological Status of the Aged Male Gonad. Cells 2021; 10:cells10113114. [PMID: 34831334 PMCID: PMC8619877 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The evolutionary theory of aging supports a trade-off relationship between reproduction and aging. Aging of the male reproductive system primarily affects the testes, leading to a decrease in the levels of sexual hormones, alterations in sperm quality and production, and a decline in fertility that does not necessarily involve a complete cessation of spermatogenesis. Inflammation, oxidation, and apoptosis are events considered as predictors of pathogenesis and the development of age-related diseases that are frequently observed in aged testes. Although the molecular mechanisms are still poorly understood, accumulating evidence points toward pro-inflammatory molecules and reactive oxygen species as primary contributing factors for testicular aging. However, the real impact of aging-related testicular alterations on fertility, reproductive health, and life span is far from being fully revealed. This work discusses the current knowledge on the impact of aging in the testis, particularly of aging-related dysregulated inflammation and oxidative damage on the functioning of its different cell populations. More interestingly, this review covers the potential benefits of anti-aging interventions and therapies using either pharmacological compounds (such as non-selective non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medication) or more natural alternatives (such as various nutraceuticals or even probiotics) that exhibit anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-apoptotic properties. Some of these are currently being investigated or are already in clinical use to delay or prevent testicular aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Eugenia Matzkin
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, CONICET, Ciudad de Buenos Aires C1428ADN, Argentina; (R.S.C.); (S.P.R.); (M.B.F.)
- Departamento de Bioquímica Humana, Cátedra I, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad de Buenos Aires C1121ABG, Argentina
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +54-114783-2869 (ext. 1209)
| | - Ricardo Saúl Calandra
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, CONICET, Ciudad de Buenos Aires C1428ADN, Argentina; (R.S.C.); (S.P.R.); (M.B.F.)
| | - Soledad Paola Rossi
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, CONICET, Ciudad de Buenos Aires C1428ADN, Argentina; (R.S.C.); (S.P.R.); (M.B.F.)
- Departamento de Bioquímica Humana, Cátedra I, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad de Buenos Aires C1121ABG, Argentina
| | - Andrzej Bartke
- Geriatrics Research, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Southern Illinois University, Springfield, IL 62794, USA;
| | - Mónica Beatriz Frungieri
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, CONICET, Ciudad de Buenos Aires C1428ADN, Argentina; (R.S.C.); (S.P.R.); (M.B.F.)
- Cátedra de Química, Ciclo Básico Común, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad de Buenos Aires C1405CAE, Argentina
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7
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Qin W, Gan Q, Yang L, Wang Y, Qi W, Ke B, Xi L. High-resolution in vivo imaging of rhesus cerebral cortex with ultrafast portable photoacoustic microscopy. Neuroimage 2021; 238:118260. [PMID: 34118393 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Revealing the structural and functional change of microvasculature is essential to match vascular response with neuronal activities in the investigation of neurovascular coupling. The increasing use of rhesus models in fundamental and clinical studies of neurovascular coupling presents an emerging need for a new imaging modality. Here we report a structural and functional cerebral vascular study of rhesus monkeys using an ultrafast, portable, and high resolution photoacoustic microscopic system with a long working distance and a special scanning mechanism to eliminate the relative displacement between the imaging interface and samples. We derived the structural and functional response of the cerebral vasculature to the alternating normoxic and hypoxic conditions by calculating the vascular diameter and functional connectivity. Both vasodilatation and vasoconstriction were observed in hypoxia. In addition to the change of vascular diameter, the decrease of functional connectivity is also an important phenomenon induced by the reduction of oxygen ventilatory. These results suggest that photoacoustic microscopy is a promising method to study the neurovascular coupling and cerebral vascular diseases due to the advanced features of high spatiotemporal resolution, excellent sensitivity to hemoglobin, and label-free imaging capability of observing hemodynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Qin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Qi Gan
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital Sichuan University, Chengdu 610040, Sichuan, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital Sichuan University, Chengdu 610040, Sichuan, China
| | - Yongchao Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Weizhi Qi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Bowen Ke
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital Sichuan University, Chengdu 610040, Sichuan, China.
| | - Lei Xi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China.
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8
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Emery Thompson M, Rosati AG, Snyder-Mackler N. Insights from evolutionarily relevant models for human ageing. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2020; 375:20190605. [PMID: 32951550 PMCID: PMC7540954 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2019.0605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
As the world confronts the health challenges of an ageing population, there has been dramatically increased interest in the science of ageing. This research has overwhelmingly focused on age-related disease, particularly in industrialized human populations and short-lived laboratory animal models. However, it has become clear that humans and long-lived primates age differently than many typical model organisms, and that many of the diseases causing death and disability in the developed world are greatly exacerbated by modern lifestyles. As such, research on how the human ageing process evolved is vital to understanding the origins of prolonged human lifespan and factors increasing vulnerability to degenerative disease. In this issue, we highlight emerging comparative research on primates, highlighting the physical, physiological, behavioural and cognitive processes of ageing. This work comprises data and theory on non-human primates, as well as under-represented data on humans living in small-scale societies, which help elucidate how environment shapes senescence. Component papers address (i) the critical processes that comprise senescence in long-lived primates; (ii) the social, ecological or individual characteristics that predict variation in the pace of ageing; and (iii) the complicated relationship between ageing trajectories and disease outcomes. Collectively, this work provides essential comparative, evolutionary data on ageing and demonstrates its unique potential to inform our understanding of the human ageing process. This article is part of the theme issue 'Evolution of the primate ageing process'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Emery Thompson
- Department of Anthropology, University of New Mexico, 500 University Boulevard NE, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Alexandra G. Rosati
- Department of Psychology and Anthropology, University of Michigan, 530 Church Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Noah Snyder-Mackler
- Center for Evolution and Medicine, Arizona State University, 427 East Tyler Mall, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, 427 East Tyler Mall, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
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9
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Machanda ZP, Rosati AG. Shifting sociality during primate ageing. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2020; 375:20190620. [PMID: 32951557 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2019.0620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Humans exhibit major age-related shifts in social relationships along with changes in social and emotional psychological processes that underpin these behavioural shifts. Does social ageing in non-human primates follow similar patterns, and if so, what are the ultimate evolutionary consequences of these social shifts? Here we synthesize empirical evidence for shifts in social behaviour and underlying psychological processes across species. Focusing on three elements of social behaviour and cognition that are important for humans-propensities to engage with others, the positive versus negative valence of these interactions, and capabilities to influence others, we find evidence for wide variation in the trajectories of these characteristics across primates. Based on this, we identify potential modulators of the primate social ageing process, including social organization, sex and dominance status. Finally, we discuss how comparative research can contextualize human social ageing. This article is part of the theme issue 'Evolution of the primate ageing process'.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexandra G Rosati
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Anthropology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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10
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Seita Y, Tsukiyama T, Azami T, Kobayashi K, Iwatani C, Tsuchiya H, Nakaya M, Tanabe H, Hitoshi S, Miyoshi H, Nakamura S, Kawauchi A, Ema M. Comprehensive evaluation of ubiquitous promoters suitable for the generation of transgenic cynomolgus monkeys†. Biol Reprod 2020; 100:1440-1452. [PMID: 30869744 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioz040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonhuman primates (NHPs) are considered to be the most valuable models for human transgenic (Tg) research into disease because human pathology is more closely recapitulated in NHPs than rodents. Previous studies have reported the generation of Tg NHPs that ubiquitously overexpress a transgene using various promoters, but it is not yet clear which promoter is most suitable for the generation of NHPs overexpressing a transgene ubiquitously and persistently in various tissues. To clarify this issue, we evaluated four putative ubiquitous promoters, cytomegalovirus (CMV) immediate-early enhancer and chicken beta-actin (CAG), elongation factor 1α (EF1α), ubiquitin C (UbC), and CMV, using an in vitro differentiation system of cynomolgus monkey embryonic stem cells (ESCs). While the EF1α promoter drove Tg expression more strongly than the other promoters in undifferentiated pluripotent ESCs, the CAG promoter was more effective in differentiated cells such as embryoid bodies and ESC-derived neurons. When the CAG and EF1α promoters were used to generate green fluorescent protein (GFP)-expressing Tg monkeys, the CAG promoter drove GFP expression in skin and hematopoietic tissues more strongly than in ΕF1α-GFP Tg monkeys. Notably, the EF1α promoter underwent more silencing in both ESCs and Tg monkeys. Thus, the CAG promoter appears to be the most suitable for ubiquitous and stable expression of transgenes in the differentiated tissues of Tg cynomolgus monkeys and appropriate for the establishment of human disease models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasunari Seita
- Department of Stem Cells and Human Disease Models, Research Center for Animal Life Science, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Tsukiyama
- Department of Stem Cells and Human Disease Models, Research Center for Animal Life Science, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan.,Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (ASHBi), Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takuya Azami
- Department of Stem Cells and Human Disease Models, Research Center for Animal Life Science, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Kenichi Kobayashi
- Department of Stem Cells and Human Disease Models, Research Center for Animal Life Science, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan.,Department of Urology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Chizuru Iwatani
- Department of Stem Cells and Human Disease Models, Research Center for Animal Life Science, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Hideaki Tsuchiya
- Department of Stem Cells and Human Disease Models, Research Center for Animal Life Science, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Masataka Nakaya
- Department of Stem Cells and Human Disease Models, Research Center for Animal Life Science, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Tanabe
- Department of Evolutionary Studies of Biosystems, School of Advanced Sciences, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Hayama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Seiji Hitoshi
- Department of Physiology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Miyoshi
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Nakamura
- Department of Stem Cells and Human Disease Models, Research Center for Animal Life Science, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Akihiro Kawauchi
- Department of Urology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Masatsugu Ema
- Department of Stem Cells and Human Disease Models, Research Center for Animal Life Science, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan.,Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (ASHBi), Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan.,PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Honcho, Saitama, Japan
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11
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Wey TW, Roberge É, Legault V, Kemnitz JW, Ferrucci L, Cohen AA. An Emergent Integrated Aging Process Conserved Across Primates. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2020; 74:1689-1698. [PMID: 31046108 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glz110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is a complex process emerging from integrated physiological networks. Recent work using principal component analysis (PCA) of multisystem biomarkers proposed a novel fundamental physiological process, "integrated albunemia," which was consistent across human populations and more strongly associated with age and mortality risk than individual biomarkers. Here we tested for integrated albunemia and associations with age and mortality across six diverse nonhuman primate species and humans. PCA of 13 physiological biomarkers recovered in all species a primary axis of variation (PC1) resembling integrated albunemia, which increased with age in all but one species but was less predictive of mortality risk. Within species, PC1 scores were often reliably recovered with a minimal biomarker subset and usually stable between sexes. Even among species, correlations in PC1 structure were often strong, but the effect of phylogeny was inconclusive. Thus, integrated albunemia likely reflects an evolutionarily conserved process across primates and appears to be generally associated with aging but not necessarily with negative impacts on survival. Integrated albunemia is unlikely to be the only conserved emergent physiological process; our findings hence have implications both for the evolution of the aging process and of physiological networks more generally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina W Wey
- Groupe de recherche PRIMUS, Department of Family Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - Émy Roberge
- Groupe de recherche PRIMUS, Department of Family Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - Véronique Legault
- Groupe de recherche PRIMUS, Department of Family Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - Joseph W Kemnitz
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison.,Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Translational Gerontology Branch, Longitudinal Studies Section, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, MedStar Harbor Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Alan A Cohen
- Groupe de recherche PRIMUS, Department of Family Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, Canada
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12
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Walker EM, Slisarenko N, Gerrets GL, Kissinger PJ, Didier ES, Kuroda MJ, Veazey RS, Jazwinski SM, Rout N. Inflammaging phenotype in rhesus macaques is associated with a decline in epithelial barrier-protective functions and increased pro-inflammatory function in CD161-expressing cells. GeroScience 2019; 41:739-757. [PMID: 31713098 PMCID: PMC6925095 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-019-00099-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of chronic inflammation, called inflammaging, contributes to the pathogenesis of age-related diseases. Although it is known that both B and T lymphocyte compartments of the adaptive immune system deteriorate with advancing age, the impact of aging on immune functions of Th17-type CD161-expressing innate immune cells and their role in inflammaging remain incompletely understood. Here, utilizing the nonhuman primate model of rhesus macaques, we report that a dysregulated Th17-type effector function of CD161+ immune cells is associated with leaky gut and inflammatory phenotype of aging. Higher plasma levels of inflammatory cytokines IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β, GM-CSF, IL-12, and Eotaxin correlated with elevated markers of gut permeability including LPS-binding protein (LBP), intestinal fatty acid binding protein (I-FABP), and sCD14 in aging macaques. Further, older macaques displayed significantly lower frequencies of circulating Th17-type immune cells comprised of CD161+ T cell subsets, NK cells, and innate lymphoid cells. Corresponding with the increased markers of gut permeability, production of the type-17 cytokines IL-17 and IL-22 was impaired in CD161+ T cell subsets and NK cells, along with a skewing towards IFN-γ cytokine production. These findings suggest that reduced frequencies of CD161+ immune cells along with a specific loss in Th17-type effector functions contribute to impaired gut barrier integrity and systemic inflammation in aging macaques. Modulating type-17 immune cell functions via cytokine therapy or dietary interventions towards reducing chronic inflammation in inflammaging individuals may have the potential to prevent or delay age-related chronic diseases and improve immune responses in the elderly population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edith M Walker
- Division of Microbiology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, USA
| | - Nadia Slisarenko
- Division of Microbiology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, USA
| | - Giovanni L Gerrets
- Division of Microbiology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, USA
| | - Patricia J Kissinger
- School of Public Health & Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Elizabeth S Didier
- Center for Comparative Medicine and California National Primate Research Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Marcelo J Kuroda
- Center for Comparative Medicine and California National Primate Research Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Ronald S Veazey
- Division of Comparative Pathology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, USA
| | | | - Namita Rout
- Division of Microbiology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, USA.
- Tulane Center for Aging, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA.
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13
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Abstract
Traditional animal models have been used to make seminal discoveries in biomedical research including a better understanding of the biology of the aging process. However, translation of these findings from laboratory to clinical populations has likely been hindered due to fundamental biological and physiological differences between common laboratory animals and humans. Non-human primates (NHP) may serve as an effective bridge towards translation, and short-lived NHP like the common marmoset offer many advantages as models for aging research. Here, we address these advantages and discuss what is currently understood about the changes in physiology and pathology that occur with age in the marmoset. In addition, we discuss how aging research might best utilize this model resource, and outline an ongoing study to address whether pharmaceutical intervention can slow aging in the marmoset. With this manuscript, we clarify how common marmosets might assist researchers in geroscience as a potential model for pre-clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinna N Ross
- Department of Science and Mathematics, Texas A&M University San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.,The Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies and The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio TX, USA
| | - Adam B Salmon
- The Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies and The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio TX, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.,Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, USA
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14
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Dansereau G, Wey TW, Legault V, Brunet MA, Kemnitz JW, Ferrucci L, Cohen AA. Conservation of physiological dysregulation signatures of aging across primates. Aging Cell 2019; 18:e12925. [PMID: 30746836 PMCID: PMC6413749 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Two major goals in the current biology of aging are to identify general mechanisms underlying the aging process and to explain species differences in aging. Recent research in humans suggests that one important driver of aging is dysregulation, the progressive loss of homeostasis in complex biological networks. Yet, there is a lack of comparative data for this hypothesis, and we do not know whether dysregulation is widely associated with aging or how well signals of homeostasis are conserved. To address this knowledge gap, we use unusually detailed longitudinal biomarker data from 10 species of nonhuman primates housed in research centers and data from two human populations to test the hypotheses that (a) greater dysregulation is associated with aging across primates and (b) physiological states characterizing homeostasis are conserved across primates to degrees associated with phylogenetic proximity. To evaluate dysregulation, we employed a multivariate distance measure, calculated from sets of biomarkers, that is associated with aging and mortality in human populations. Dysregulation scores positively correlated with age and risk of mortality in most nonhuman primates studied, and signals of homeostatic state were significantly conserved across species, declining with phylogenetic distance. Our study provides the first broad demonstration of physiological dysregulation associated with aging and mortality risk in multiple nonhuman primates. Our results also imply that emergent signals of homeostasis are evolutionarily conserved, although with notable variation among species, and suggest promising directions for future comparative studies on dysregulation and the aging process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Dansereau
- Groupe de recherche PRIMUS, Department of Family Medicine; University of Sherbrooke; Sherbrooke Quebec Canada
| | - Tina W. Wey
- Groupe de recherche PRIMUS, Department of Family Medicine; University of Sherbrooke; Sherbrooke Quebec Canada
| | - Véronique Legault
- Groupe de recherche PRIMUS, Department of Family Medicine; University of Sherbrooke; Sherbrooke Quebec Canada
| | - Marie A. Brunet
- Groupe de recherche PRIMUS, Department of Family Medicine; University of Sherbrooke; Sherbrooke Quebec Canada
- Department of Biochemistry; University of Sherbrooke; Sherbrooke Quebec Canada
- PROTEO; Quebec Network for Research on Protein Function, Structure, and Engineering; Quebec Canada
| | - Joseph W. Kemnitz
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology; University of Wisconsin; School of Medicine and Public Health; Madison Wisconsin
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center; University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison Wisconsin
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Translational Gerontology Branch, Longitudinal Studies Section; National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, MedStar Harbor Hospital; Baltimore Maryland
| | - Alan A. Cohen
- Groupe de recherche PRIMUS, Department of Family Medicine; University of Sherbrooke; Sherbrooke Quebec Canada
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15
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Park JE, Silva AC. Generation of genetically engineered non-human primate models of brain function and neurological disorders. Am J Primatol 2018; 81:e22931. [PMID: 30585654 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.22931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Research with non-human primates (NHP) has been essential and effective in increasing our ability to find cures for a large number of diseases that cause human suffering and death. Extending the availability and use of genetic engineering techniques to NHP will allow the creation and study of NHP models of human disease, as well as broaden our understanding of neural circuits in the primate brain. With the recent development of efficient genetic engineering techniques that can be used for NHP, there's increased hope that NHP will significantly accelerate our understanding of the etiology of human neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders. In this article, we review the present state of genetic engineering tools used in NHP, from the early efforts to induce exogeneous gene expression in macaques and marmosets, to the latest results in producing germline transmission of different transgenes and the establishment of knockout lines of specific genes. We conclude with future perspectives on the further development and employment of these tools to generate genetically engineered NHP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Eun Park
- Cerebral Microcirculation Section, Laboratory of Functional and Molecular Imaging, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Afonso C Silva
- Cerebral Microcirculation Section, Laboratory of Functional and Molecular Imaging, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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16
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Schino G, Pinzaglia M. Age-related changes in the social behavior of tufted capuchin monkeys. Am J Primatol 2018; 80:e22746. [DOI: 10.1002/ajp.22746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Schino
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie della Cognizione; Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche; Rome Italy
| | - Marta Pinzaglia
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie della Cognizione; Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche; Rome Italy
- Dipartimento di Biologia Ambientale; Sapienza Università di Roma; Rome Italy
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17
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Age-dependent elevations of oligomeric and phosphorylated alpha-synuclein synchronously occurs in the brain and gastrointestinal tract of cynomolgus monkeys. Neurosci Lett 2018; 662:276-282. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2017.10.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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18
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Colman RJ. Non-human primates as a model for aging. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2017; 1864:2733-2741. [PMID: 28729086 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
There has been, and continues to be, a dramatic shift in the human population towards older ages necessitating biomedical research aimed at better understanding the basic biology of aging and age-related diseases and facilitating new and improved therapeutic options. As it is not practical to perform the breadth of this research in humans, animal models are necessary to recapitulate the complexity of the aging environment. The mouse model is most frequently chosen for these endeavors, however, they are frequently not the most appropriate model. Non-human primates, on the other hand, are more closely related to humans and recapitulate the human aging process and development of age-related diseases. Extensive aging research has been performed in the well-characterized rhesus macaque aging model. More recently, the common marmoset, a small non-human primate with a shorter lifespan, has been explored as a potential aging model. This model holds particular promise as an aging disease model in part due to the successful creation of transgenic marmosets. Limitations to the use of non-human primates in aging research exist but can be mitigated somewhat by the existence of available resources supported by the National Institutes of Health. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Animal models of aging - edited by "Houtkooper Riekelt".
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricki J Colman
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Wisconsin Institutes for Medical Research, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, 1220 Capitol Court, Madison, WI 53715, USA.
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19
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Sokoloff AJ, Douglas M, Rahnert JA, Burkholder T, Easley KA, Luo Q. Absence of morphological and molecular correlates of sarcopenia in the macaque tongue muscle styloglossus. Exp Gerontol 2016; 84:40-48. [PMID: 27566374 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2016.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Revised: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Equivocal decline of tongue muscle performance with age is compatible with resistance of the tongue to sarcopenia, the loss of muscle volume and function that typically occurs with aging. To test this possibility we characterized anatomical and molecular indices of sarcopenia in the macaque tongue muscle styloglossus (SG). METHODS We quantified myosin heavy chain (MHC), muscle fiber MHC phenotype and size and total and phosphorylated growth- and atrophy-related proteins by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), immunoblot and immunohistochemistry (IHC) in the SG in twenty-four macaque monkeys (Macaca rhesus, age range 9months to 31years) categorized into Young (<8years of age), Middle-aged (15-21years of age) and Old (>22years of age) groups. RESULTS In Young, Middle and Old age groups, by SDS-PAGE MHCI comprised ~1/3 and MHCII ~2/3 of total MHC. MHCI relative frequency was lower and MHCII higher in Middle versus Young (p=0.0099) and Middle versus Old (p=0.052). Relative frequencies of MHC fiber phenotype were not different by age but were different by phenotype (rates 233, 641 and 111 per 1000 fibers for MHCI, MHCII and MHCI-II respectively, p=0.03). Few or no fibers were positive for developmental MHC. Mean cross-sectional area (CSA) was not different among the three age groups for MHCII and MHCI-II; however MHCI fibers tended to be larger in Middle versus Old and Young (mean=2257μm2,1917μm2 (p=0.05) and 1704μm2 (p=0.06), respectively). For each age group, mean CSA increased across MHC phenotype (lowest mean CSA for MHCI and highest mean CSA for MHCII). Spearman analysis demonstrated age-related increases in total p70 ribosomal protein S6 kinase (P70), phosphorylated P70421/424, phosphorylated P38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and muscle atrophy F-Box, a trend to age-related decrease in total extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), and no age-related change in total protein kinase B (Akt/PKB), phosphorylated Akt, phosphorylated ERK, phosphorylated c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK46) and phosphorylated P70389. CONCLUSION Common anatomical and molecular indices of sarcopenia are absent in our sample of macaque SG. Relative frequencies of MHCII protein and phenotype are preserved with age. Although MAFbx expression increases with age, this is not associated with fiber atrophy, perhaps reflecting compensatory growth signaling by p70. The resistant nature of the styloglossus muscle to sarcopenia may be related to routine activation of tongue muscles in respiration and swallowing and the preservation of hypoglossal motoneuron number with age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan J Sokoloff
- Department of Physiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States.
| | - Megan Douglas
- Department of Physiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Jill A Rahnert
- School of Applied Physiology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Thomas Burkholder
- School of Applied Physiology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Kirk A Easley
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Qingwei Luo
- Department of Physiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
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20
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Didier ES, MacLean AG, Mohan M, Didier PJ, Lackner AA, Kuroda MJ. Contributions of Nonhuman Primates to Research on Aging. Vet Pathol 2016; 53:277-90. [PMID: 26869153 DOI: 10.1177/0300985815622974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Aging is the biological process of declining physiologic function associated with increasing mortality rate during advancing age. Humans and higher nonhuman primates exhibit unusually longer average life spans as compared with mammals of similar body mass. Furthermore, the population of humans worldwide is growing older as a result of improvements in public health, social services, and health care systems. Comparative studies among a wide range of organisms that include nonhuman primates contribute greatly to our understanding about the basic mechanisms of aging. Based on their genetic and physiologic relatedness to humans, nonhuman primates are especially important for better understanding processes of aging unique to primates, as well as for testing intervention strategies to improve healthy aging and to treat diseases and disabilities in older people. Rhesus and cynomolgus macaques are the predominant monkeys used in studies on aging, but research with lower nonhuman primate species is increasing. One of the priority topics of research about aging in nonhuman primates involves neurologic changes associated with cognitive decline and neurodegenerative diseases. Additional areas of research include osteoporosis, reproductive decline, caloric restriction, and their mimetics, as well as immune senescence and chronic inflammation that affect vaccine efficacy and resistance to infections and cancer. The purpose of this review is to highlight the findings from nonhuman primate research that contribute to our understanding about aging and health span in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- E S Didier
- Division of Microbiology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, USA
| | - A G MacLean
- Division of Comparative Pathology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, USA
| | - M Mohan
- Division of Comparative Pathology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, USA
| | - P J Didier
- Division of Comparative Pathology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, USA
| | - A A Lackner
- Division of Comparative Pathology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, USA
| | - M J Kuroda
- Division of Immunology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, USA
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21
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Fowler CG, Chiasson KB, Colman RJ, Kemnitz JW, Beasley TM, Weindruch RH. Hyperinsulinemia/diabetes, hearing, and aging in the University of Wisconsin calorie restriction monkeys. Hear Res 2015; 328:78-86. [PMID: 26163094 PMCID: PMC4581975 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2015.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Revised: 06/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of hyperinsulinemia/Type 2 diabetes mellitus (HI-T2DM) on hearing impairment using rhesus monkeys to obtain control over diet and lifestyle factors that confound human studies. The study is a retrospective evaluation of rhesus monkeys from the Wisconsin National Primate Research Center (WNPRC) study on caloric restriction and aging. The research questions were the following: 1. Is HI-T2DM related to hearing impairment? 2. If so, what is the site of lesion in the auditory system? and 3. What physiological factors affect the risk of hearing loss in HI-T2DM? Three groups of eight monkeys each were matched by sex and age; the caloric restricted (CR) monkeys had a reduced risk of diabetes, the normal control (NL) group had a normal risk, and the hyperinsulinemia/diabetes (HI-D) group had already developed HI-T2DM. Auditory testing included distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) with f2 frequencies from 2211 to 8837 Hz and auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) obtained with clicks and tone bursts (8, 16, and 32 kHz). DPOAEs had signal-to-noise ratios 8-17 dB larger in the NL group than in the HI-D and CR groups, signifying that cochlear function was best in the NL group. ABR thresholds were 5-8 dB better in the NL group than in the HI-D group, although no significant differences across the groups were evident for the thresholds, latencies, interwave intervals, or amplitudes. Correlations were significant for quadratic relations between body mass index (BMI) and DPOAE, with largest DPOAEs for animals in the middle of the BMI range. ABR thresholds elicited with 16 and 32 kHz signals were significantly correlated, positively with BMI and HbA1c, and negatively with KG (glucose tolerance), SI (insulin sensitivity index) and DI (disposition index). These findings suggest that the hearing loss associated with HI-T2DM is predominantly cochlear, and auditory structures underlying the higher frequencies are at risk with HI-T2DM. Loss of auditory function begins in the hyperinsulinemia, pre-diabetic state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia G Fowler
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1975 Willow Drive Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
| | | | - Ricki J Colman
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1220 Capitol Court, Madison, WI 53715-1299, USA.
| | - Joseph W Kemnitz
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1220 Capitol Court, Madison, WI 53715-1299, USA; Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1220 Capitol Court, Madison, WI 53715-1299, USA.
| | - T Mark Beasley
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Ryals Public Health Bldg., University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
| | - Richard H Weindruch
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Room B72 Veterans Admin Hospital, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, 2500 Overlook Terrace, Madison, WI 53705-2286, USA.
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22
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Clay CC, Donart N, Fomukong N, Knight JB, Overheim K, Tipper J, Van Westrienen J, Hahn F, Harrod KS. Severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus infection in aged nonhuman primates is associated with modulated pulmonary and systemic immune responses. IMMUNITY & AGEING 2014; 11:4. [PMID: 24642138 PMCID: PMC3999990 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4933-11-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Background Many respiratory viruses disproportionately impact the elderly. Likewise, advanced age correlated with more adverse disease outcomes following severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) infection in humans. We used an aged African green monkey SARS-CoV infection model to better understand age-related mechanisms of increased susceptibility to viral respiratory infections. Nonhuman primates are critical translational models for such research given their similarities to humans in immune-ageing as well as lung structure. Results Significant age- and infection-dependent differences were observed in both systemic and mucosal immune compartments. Peripheral lymphocytes, specifically CD8 T and B cells were significantly lower in aged monkeys pre- and post- SARS-CoV infection, while neutrophil and monocyte numbers were not impacted by age or infection status. Serum proinflammatory cytokines were similar in both age groups, whereas significantly lower levels of IL-1beta, IL-18, IL-6, IL-12 and IL-15 were detected in the lungs of SARS-CoV-infected aged monkeys at either 5 or 10 days post infection. Total lung leukocyte numbers and relative frequency of CD8 T cells, B cells, macrophages and dendritic cells were greatly reduced in the aged host during SARS-CoV infection, despite high levels of chemoattractants for many of these cells in the aged lung. Dendritic cells and monocytes/macrophages showed age-dependent differences in activation and chemokine receptor profiles, while the CD8 T cell and B cell responses were significantly reduced in the aged host. In examination of viral titers, significantly higher levels of SARS-CoV were detected in the nasal swabs early, at day 1 post infection, in aged as compared to juvenile monkeys, but virus levels were only slightly higher in aged animals by day 3. Although there was a trend of higher titers in respiratory tissues at day 5 post infection, this did not reach statistical significance and virus was cleared from all animals by day 10, regardless of age. Conclusions This study provides unique insight into how several parameters of the systemic and mucosal immune response to SARS-CoV infection are significantly modulated by age. These immune differences may contribute to deficient immune function and the observed trend of higher SARS-CoV replication in aged nonhuman primates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Kevin S Harrod
- Work performed at Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute (LRRI), Infectious Disease Program, Albuquerque, NM, Mexico.
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Chichester L, Wylie AT, Craft S, Kavanagh K. Muscle heat shock protein 70 predicts insulin resistance with aging. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2014; 70:155-62. [PMID: 24532784 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glu015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) protects cells from accumulating damaged proteins and age-related functional decline. We studied plasma and skeletal muscle (SkM) HSP70 levels in adult vervet monkeys (life span ≈ 25 years) at baseline and after 4 years (≈10 human years). Insulin, glucose, homeostasis model assessment scores, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein and total plasma cholesterol, body weight, body mass index, and waist circumference were measured repeatedly, with change over time estimated by individual regression slopes. Low baseline SkM HSP70 was a proximal marker for developing insulin resistance and was seen in monkeys whose insulin and homeostasis model assessment increased more rapidly over time. Changes in SkM HSP70 inversely correlated with insulin and homeostasis model assessment trajectories such that a positive change in SkM level was beneficial. The strength of the relationship between changes in SkM HSP70 and insulin remained unchanged after adjustment for all covariates. Younger monkeys drove these relationships, with HSP70 alone being predictive of insulin changes with aging. Plasma and SkM HSP70 were unrelated and HSP70 release from peripheral blood mononuclear cells was positively associated with insulin concentrations in contrast to SkM. Results from aged humans confirmed this positive association of plasma HSP70 and insulin. In conclusion, higher levels of SkM HSP70 protect against insulin resistance development during healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Suzanne Craft
- Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
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Dawson DR, Branch-Mays G, Gonzalez OA, Ebersole JL. Dietary modulation of the inflammatory cascade. Periodontol 2000 2013; 64:161-97. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0757.2012.00458.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Nehete PN, Hanley PW, Nehete BP, Yang G, Ruiz JC, Williams L, Abee CR, Sastry KJ. Phenotypic and functional characterization of lymphocytes from different age groups of Bolivian squirrel monkeys (Saimiri boliviensis boliviensis). PLoS One 2013; 8:e79836. [PMID: 24282512 PMCID: PMC3839916 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0079836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2013] [Accepted: 09/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to many physiological and genetic characteristic similarities to humans, squirrel monkeys provide an ideal animal model specifically for studying malaria, and transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease). While squirrel monkeys three years and older are generally considered adult subjects suitable for use in medical research studies, little is known about the functional properties of lymphocytes in relation to the age of these animals, which could significantly impact the quality and quantity of innate and adaptive immune responses. In this study, we investigated differences in the phenotype and function of lymphocytes subsets of young (3–4 years), adult (8–10 years) and aged (16–19 years) squirrel monkeys. In general, animals in all three age groups exhibited comparable numbers of different lymphocyte subsets except for CD20+ B cells that were significantly lower in aged relative to young animals and T cells subsets expressing both CD4 and CD8 (double positive) were significantly higher in aged relative to young animals. With increasing age, phenotypic differences in central and effector memory T cells subsets were observed, that were more pronounced for the CD8+ T cells. Despite equal proportions of CD3+ T cells among the three age groups, responses of peripheral blood mononuclear cells to T cell mitogens PHA and Con A showed lower IFN-γ producing cells in the aged group than that in the young group. Furthermore, aged animals showed significantly higher plasma levels of inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-10 and IL-12. These findings suggest that while the squirrel monkeys in general share phenotypic and functional similarities of lymphocyte subsets with humans in relation to age, specific differences exist in immune function of lymphocytes between young and old animals that could potentially impact experimental outcomes for which the measurement of immunologic endpoints are critical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pramod N. Nehete
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Bastrop, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Patrick W. Hanley
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Bastrop, Texas, United States of America
| | - Bharti P. Nehete
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Bastrop, Texas, United States of America
| | - Guojun Yang
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Julio C. Ruiz
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Bastrop, Texas, United States of America
| | - Lawrence Williams
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Bastrop, Texas, United States of America
| | - Christian R. Abee
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Bastrop, Texas, United States of America
| | - K. Jagannadha Sastry
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston, Texas, United States of America
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Plate JF, Bates CM, Mannava S, Smith TL, Jorgensen MJ, Register TC, Stehle JR, High KP, Shively CA, Kaplan JR, Saul KR, Tuohy CJ. Age-related degenerative functional, radiographic, and histological changes of the shoulder in nonhuman primates. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2013; 22:1019-29. [PMID: 23352182 PMCID: PMC3679299 DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2012.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2012] [Revised: 10/30/2012] [Accepted: 11/11/2012] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonhuman primates have similar shoulder anatomy and physiology compared to humans, and may represent a previously underutilized model for shoulder research. This study sought to identify naturally occurring bony and muscular degeneration in the shoulder of nonhuman primates and to assess relationships between structural and functional aspects of the shoulder and measures of physical function of the animals. We hypothesized that age-related degenerative changes in the shoulders of nonhuman primates would resemble those observed in aging humans. METHODS Middle-aged (n = 5; ages 9.4-11.8 years) and elderly (n = 6; ages 19.8-26.4 years) female vervet monkeys were studied for changes in mobility and shoulder function, and radiographic and histologic signs of age-related degeneration. RESULTS Four out of 6 (4/6) elderly animals had degenerative changes of the glenoid compared to 0/5 of the middle-aged animals (P = .005). Elderly animals had glenoid retroversion, decreased joint space, walked slower, and spent less time climbing and hanging than middle-aged vervets (P < .05). Physical mobility and shoulder function correlated with glenoid version angle (P < .05). Supraspinatus muscles of elderly animals were less dense (P = .001), had decreased fiber cross-sectional area (P < .001), but similar amounts of nuclear material (P = .085). Degenerative rotator cuff tears were not observed in any of the eleven animals. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The vervet monkey naturally undergoes age-related functional, radiographic and histological changes of the shoulder, and may qualify as an animal model for selected translational research of shoulder osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes F. Plate
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA,The Neuroscience Program, Wake Forest University Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Christopher M. Bates
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Sandeep Mannava
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA,The Neuroscience Program, Wake Forest University Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Thomas L. Smith
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Matthew J. Jorgensen
- Department of Pathology (Comparative Medicine) and the Wake Forest Primate Center, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Thomas C. Register
- Department of Pathology (Comparative Medicine) and the Wake Forest Primate Center, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - John R. Stehle
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine ,Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Kevin P. High
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine ,Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Carol A. Shively
- Department of Pathology (Comparative Medicine) and the Wake Forest Primate Center, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Jay R. Kaplan
- Department of Pathology (Comparative Medicine) and the Wake Forest Primate Center, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Katherine R. Saul
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Christopher J. Tuohy
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
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Urbanski HF, Mattison JA, Roth GS, Ingram DK. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) as an endocrine marker of aging in calorie restriction studies. Exp Gerontol 2013; 48:1136-9. [PMID: 23318475 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2013.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2012] [Revised: 01/03/2013] [Accepted: 01/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The adrenal steroid, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), is generally regarded as being a reliable endocrine marker of aging, because in humans and nonhuman primates its circulating concentrations are very high during young adulthood, and the concentrations then decline markedly during aging. Despite promising results from early studies, we were recently surprised to find that caloric restriction (CR) did little to prevent or delay the decline of DHEAS concentrations in old rhesus macaques. Here we summarize the use of circulating DHEAS concentrations as a biomarker of aging in CR studies and suggest reasons for its limited value. Although DHEAS can reliably predict aging in animals maintained on a standard diet, dietary manipulations may affect liver enzymes involved in the metabolism of steroid hormones. Consequently, in CR studies the reliability of using DHEAS as a biomarker of aging may be compromised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henryk F Urbanski
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA.
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Didier ES, Sugimoto C, Bowers LC, Khan IA, Kuroda MJ. Immune correlates of aging in outdoor-housed captive rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta). IMMUNITY & AGEING 2012; 9:25. [PMID: 23151307 PMCID: PMC3541156 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4933-9-25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2012] [Accepted: 11/10/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Background Questions remain about whether inflammation is a cause, consequence, or coincidence of aging. The purpose of this study was to define baseline immunological characteristics from blood to develop a model in rhesus macaques that could be used to address the relationship between inflammation and aging. Hematology, flow cytometry, clinical chemistry, and multiplex cytokine/chemokine analyses were performed on a group of 101 outdoor-housed captive rhesus macaques ranging from 2 to 24 years of age, approximately equivalent to 8 to 77 years of age in humans. Results These results extend earlier reports correlating changes in lymphocyte subpopulations and cytokines/chemokines with increasing age. There were significant declines in numbers of white blood cells (WBC) overall, as well as lymphocytes, monocytes, and polymorphonuclear cells with increasing age. Among lymphocytes, there were no significant declines in NK cells and T cells, whereas B cell numbers exhibited significant declines with age. Within the T cell populations, there were significant declines in numbers of CD4+ naïve T cells and CD8+ naïve T cells. Conversely, numbers of CD4+CD8+ effector memory and CD8+effector memory T cells increased with age. New multiplex analyses revealed that concentrations of a panel of ten circulating cytokines/chemokines, IFNγ, IL1b, IL6, IL12, IL15, TNFα, MCP1, MIP1α, IL1ra, and IL4, each significantly correlated with age and also exhibited concordant pairwise correlations with every other factor within this group. To also control for outlier values, mean rank values of each of these cytokine concentrations in relation to age of each animal and these also correlated with age. Conclusions A panel of ten cytokines/chemokines were identified that correlated with aging and also with each other. This will permit selection of animals exhibiting relatively higher and lower inflammation status as a model to test mechanisms of inflammation status in aging with susceptibility to infections and vaccine efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth S Didier
- Division of Microbiology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, 18703 Three Rivers Road, Covington, LA, 70433, USA.,Department of Tropical Medicine, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Chie Sugimoto
- Division of Immunology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, 18703 Three Rivers Road, Covington, LA, 70433, USA
| | - Lisa C Bowers
- Division of Microbiology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, 18703 Three Rivers Road, Covington, LA, 70433, USA
| | - Imtiaz A Khan
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Tropical Medicine, Ross Hall Room 745, George Washington University, 2300 I Street, N.W, Washington D.C, 20037, USA
| | - Marcelo J Kuroda
- Division of Immunology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, 18703 Three Rivers Road, Covington, LA, 70433, USA
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Jin X, Zeng L, Zhang S, He S, Ren Y, Chen Y, Wei L, Wang L, Li H, Cheng J, Lu Y. Human insulin versus porcine insulin in rhesus monkeys with diabetes mellitus. J Med Primatol 2012; 42:1-9. [PMID: 23106308 DOI: 10.1111/jmp.12025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/20/2012] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Monkeys with insulin-dependent diabetes are important preclinical animal models for islet transplantation. Exogenous insulin should be administered to achieve good glycemic control and minimize the long-term vascular complications associated with diabetes until the graft function recovered completely. However, the effect of multiple daily injections of porcine or human insulin and the long-term effects of porcine insulin have not been studied in diabetic rhesus monkeys. METHODS Diabetic rhesus monkeys, using a 6-month self-control insulin comparison experiment, were used to detect the incidence of adverse events and long-term diabetes complication events after long-term administration of porcine insulin. RESULTS In this study, we found that a 20% higher dose of porcine insulin results in similar glycemic control as the human insulin regimen, and adverse events were seldom reported when porcine insulin was administered. Moreover, long-term injection with porcine insulin could delay the rate and severity of diabetes-related complications. CONCLUSIONS Porcine insulin as a competent candidate for regular insulin therapy to maintain blood glucose levels in insulin-dependent diabetic monkeys during preclinical studies of islet transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Jin
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, Ministry of Health, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Almeida D, Santos R, Scalercio S, Leão D, Haritova A, Oskam I, Domingues S. Morphological and morphometrical characterization, and estimation of population of preantral ovarian follicles from senile common squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus). Anim Reprod Sci 2012; 134:210-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2012.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2012] [Revised: 07/16/2012] [Accepted: 08/18/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Wu D, Yue F, Zhang YA. The changes of glucose and lipid metabolism in overweight middle-aged cynomolgus monkeys. J Med Primatol 2012; 41:349-55. [PMID: 22924418 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0684.2012.00556.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/23/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Excessive weight gain has been observed in middle-aged cynomolgus monkeys. This study was designed to investigate the metabolic characteristics in overweight monkeys. METHODS A total of 26 cynomolgus monkeys were grouped based on gender and body weight. Overweight was operationally defined as body weight heavier than 9.6 kg in males and 7.5 kg in females. They were monitored for glucose and insulin in fasting state, serum parameters, and somatometric measurements. RESULTS Higher measurements of weight, body mass index (BMI), waist, hip, and waist/hip ratio (WHR) were the somatometric characteristics of overweight monkeys. Abdominal fat deposition was more prominent in females. Elevated total cholesterol, HDL-C, LDL-C, and fasting glucose were observed in female overweight monkeys. Impaired insulin sensitivity occurred in overweight monkeys. CONCLUSIONS Overweight could result in impaired insulin sensitivity. The metabolic changes were more prominent in female overweight monkeys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wu
- Cell Therapy Center, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital University of Medical Science, and Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
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Carey SA, Plopper CG, Hyde DM, Islam Z, Pestka JJ, Harkema JR. Satratoxin-G from the black mold Stachybotrys chartarum induces rhinitis and apoptosis of olfactory sensory neurons in the nasal airways of rhesus monkeys. Toxicol Pathol 2012; 40:887-98. [PMID: 22552393 DOI: 10.1177/0192623312444028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Satratoxin-G (SG) is a trichothecene mycotoxin of Stachybotrys chartarum, the black mold suggested to contribute etiologically to illnesses associated with water-damaged buildings. We have reported that intranasal exposure to SG evokes apoptosis of olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) and acute inflammation in the nose and brain of laboratory mice. To further assess the potential human risk of nasal airway injury and neurotoxicity, we developed a model of SG exposure in monkeys, whose nasal airways more closely resemble those of humans. Adult, male rhesus macaques received a single intranasal instillation of 20 µg SG (high dose, n = 3), or 5 µg SG daily for four days (repeated low dose, n = 3) in one nasal passage, and saline vehicle in the contralateral nasal passage. Nasal tissues were examined using light and electron microscopy and morphometric analysis. SG induced acute rhinitis, atrophy of the olfactory epithelium (OE), and apoptosis of OSNs in both groups. High-dose and repeated low-dose SG elicited a 13% and 66% reduction in OSN volume density, and a 14-fold and 24-fold increase in apoptotic cells of the OE, respectively. This model provides new insight into the potential risk of nasal airway injury and neurotoxicity caused by exposure to water-damaged buildings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan A Carey
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA.
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Van Dam D, De Deyn PP. Animal models in the drug discovery pipeline for Alzheimer's disease. Br J Pharmacol 2012; 164:1285-300. [PMID: 21371009 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01299.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
With increasing feasibility of predicting conversion of mild cognitive impairment to dementia based on biomarker profiling, the urgent need for efficacious disease-modifying compounds has become even more critical. Despite intensive research, underlying pathophysiological mechanisms remain insufficiently documented for purposeful target discovery. Translational research based on valid animal models may aid in alleviating some of the unmet needs in the current Alzheimer's disease pharmaceutical market, which includes disease-modification, increased efficacy and safety, reduction of the number of treatment unresponsive patients and patient compliance. The development and phenotyping of animal models is indeed essential in Alzheimer's disease-related research as valid models enable the appraisal of early pathological processes - which are often not accessible in patients, and subsequent target discovery and evaluation. This review paper summarizes and critically evaluates currently available animal models, and discusses their value to the Alzheimer drug discovery pipeline. Models dealt with include spontaneous models in various species, including senescence-accelerated mice, chemical and lesion-induced rodent models, and genetically modified models developed in Drosophila melanogaster, Caenorhabditis elegans, Danio rerio and rodents. Although highly valid animal models exist, none of the currently available models recapitulates all aspects of human Alzheimer's disease, and one should always be aware of the potential dangers of uncritical extrapolating from model organisms to a human condition that takes decades to develop and mainly involves higher cognitive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debby Van Dam
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry & Behaviour, Institute Born-Bunge, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk (Antwerp), Belgium.
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Wu D, Yue F, Zou C, Chan P, Alex Zhang Y. Analysis of glucose metabolism in cynomolgus monkeys during aging. Biogerontology 2011; 13:147-55. [PMID: 22057901 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-011-9364-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2011] [Accepted: 10/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate the effect of aging on the glucose metabolism on cynomolgus (Macaca fascicularis) monkeys. A total of 33 cynomolgus monkeys in three aged groups were monitored for glucose levels, serum parameters in fasting state and somatometric measurements. Intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) and insulin tolerance test (ITT) were also performed. Aging associated changes lies in the less secretion of insulin and C-peptide during IVGTT in cynomolgus monkeys. It was also found that impaired insulin sensitivity occurred in female monkeys during aging based on HOMA-IR and K(ITT) value. In addition, triglyceride level also rose with the increase of age. Less insulin secretion and impaired insulin sensitivity in female were the characteristic during the aging of cynomolgus monkeys in this study. Body mass index, weight and waist hip rate may be the relevant factors in insulin resistance of cynomolgus monkeys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wu
- Cell Therapy Center, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital University of Medical Science, People's Republic of China
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Korkmaz B, Horwitz MS, Jenne DE, Gauthier F. Neutrophil elastase, proteinase 3, and cathepsin G as therapeutic targets in human diseases. Pharmacol Rev 2011; 62:726-59. [PMID: 21079042 DOI: 10.1124/pr.110.002733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 570] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymorphonuclear neutrophils are the first cells recruited to inflammatory sites and form the earliest line of defense against invading microorganisms. Neutrophil elastase, proteinase 3, and cathepsin G are three hematopoietic serine proteases stored in large quantities in neutrophil cytoplasmic azurophilic granules. They act in combination with reactive oxygen species to help degrade engulfed microorganisms inside phagolysosomes. These proteases are also externalized in an active form during neutrophil activation at inflammatory sites, thus contributing to the regulation of inflammatory and immune responses. As multifunctional proteases, they also play a regulatory role in noninfectious inflammatory diseases. Mutations in the ELA2/ELANE gene, encoding neutrophil elastase, are the cause of human congenital neutropenia. Neutrophil membrane-bound proteinase 3 serves as an autoantigen in Wegener granulomatosis, a systemic autoimmune vasculitis. All three proteases are affected by mutations of the gene (CTSC) encoding dipeptidyl peptidase I, a protease required for activation of their proform before storage in cytoplasmic granules. Mutations of CTSC cause Papillon-Lefèvre syndrome. Because of their roles in host defense and disease, elastase, proteinase 3, and cathepsin G are of interest as potential therapeutic targets. In this review, we describe the physicochemical functions of these proteases, toward a goal of better delineating their role in human diseases and identifying new therapeutic strategies based on the modulation of their bioavailability and activity. We also describe how nonhuman primate experimental models could assist with testing the efficacy of proposed therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brice Korkmaz
- INSERM U-618 Protéases et Vectorisation Pulmonaires, Université François Rabelais, Faculté de médecine, 10 Boulevard Tonnellé, Tours, France.
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Ortmeyer HK, Sajan MP, Miura A, Kanoh Y, Rivas J, Li Y, Standaert ML, Ryan AS, Bodkin NL, Farese RV, Hansen BC. Insulin signaling and insulin sensitizing in muscle and liver of obese monkeys: peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonist improves defective activation of atypical protein kinase C. Antioxid Redox Signal 2011; 14:207-19. [PMID: 20518698 PMCID: PMC3014763 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2010.3234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Obesity, the metabolic syndrome, and aging share several pathogenic features in both humans and non-human primates, including insulin resistance and inflammation. Since muscle and liver are considered key integrators of metabolism, we sought to determine in biopsies from lean and obese aging rhesus monkeys the nature of defects in insulin activation and, further, the potential for mitigation of such defects by an in vivo insulin sensitizer, rosiglitazone, and a thiazolidinedione activator of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma. The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonist reduced hyperinsulinemia, improved insulin sensitivity, lowered plasma triglycerides and free fatty acids, and increased plasma adiponectin. In muscle of obese monkeys, previously shown to exhibit defective insulin signaling, the insulin sensitizer improved insulin activation of atypical protein kinase C (aPKC), the defective direct activation of aPKC by phosphatidylinositol (PI)-3,4,5-(PO₄)₃, and 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase and increased carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 mRNA expression, but it did not improve insulin activation of insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-1-dependent PI 3-kinase (IRS-1/PI3K), protein kinase B, or glycogen synthase. We found that, although insulin signaling was impaired in muscle, insulin activation of IRS-1/PI3K, IRS-2/PI3K, protein kinase B, and aPKC was largely intact in liver and that rosiglitazone improved insulin signaling to aPKC in muscle by improving responsiveness to PI-3,4,5-(PO₄)₃.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi K Ortmeyer
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Greenwood PM, Parasuraman R. Neuronal and cognitive plasticity: a neurocognitive framework for ameliorating cognitive aging. Front Aging Neurosci 2010; 2:150. [PMID: 21151819 PMCID: PMC2999838 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2010.00150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2010] [Accepted: 10/22/2010] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
What is the neurocognitive basis for the considerable individual differences observed in functioning of the adult mind and brain late in life? We review the evidence that in healthy old age the brain remains capable of both neuronal and cognitive plasticity, including in response to environmental and experiential factors. Neuronal plasticity (e.g., neurogenesis, synaptogenesis, cortical re-organization) refers to neuron-level changes that can be stimulated by experience. Cognitive plasticity (e.g., increased dependence on executive function) refers to adaptive changes in patterns of cognition related to brain activity. We hypothesize that successful cognitive aging requires interactions between these two forms of plasticity. Mechanisms of neural plasticity underpin cognitive plasticity and in turn, neural plasticity is stimulated by cognitive plasticity. We examine support for this hypothesis by considering evidence that neural plasticity is stimulated by learning and novelty and enhanced by both dietary manipulations (low-fat, dietary restriction) and aerobic exercise. We also examine evidence that cognitive plasticity is affected by education and training. This is a testable hypothesis which could be assessed in humans in randomized trials comparing separate and combined effects of cognitive training, exercise, and diet on measures of cognitive and brain integrity. Greater understanding of the factors influencing the course of cognitive aging and of the mechanisms underlying those factors could provide information on which people could base choices that improve their ability to age successfully.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela M Greenwood
- Arch Laboratory, Psychology Department, George Mason University Fairfax, VA, USA
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Shively CA, Clarkson TB. The unique value of primate models in translational research. Nonhuman primate models of women's health: introduction and overview. Am J Primatol 2009; 71:715-21. [PMID: 19507247 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.20720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This special issue of AJP is focused on research using nonhuman primates as models to further the understanding of women's health. Nonhuman primates play a unique role in translational science by bridging the gap between basic and clinical investigations. The use of nonhuman primates in biomedical research challenges our resolve to treat all life as sacred. The scientific community has responded by developing ethical guidelines for the care and the use of primates and clarifying the responsibility of investigators to insure the physical and psychological well-being of nonhuman primates used in research. Preclinical investigations often involve the use of animal models. Rodent models have been the mainstay of biomedical science and have provided enormous insight into the workings of many mammalian systems that have proved applicable to human biological systems. Rodent models are dissimilar to primates in numerous ways, which may limit the generalizability to human biological systems. These limitations are much less likely in nonhuman primates and in Old World primates, in particular, Macaques are useful models for investigations involving the reproductive system, bioenergetics, obesity and diabetes, cardiovascular health, central nervous system function, cognitive and social behavior, the musculoskeletal system, and diseases of aging. This issue considers primate models of polycystic ovary syndrome; diet effects on glycemic control, breast and endometrium; estrogen, reproductive life stage and atherosclerosis; estrogen and diet effects on inflammation in atherogenesis; the neuroprotective effects of estrogen therapy; social stress and visceral obesity; and sex differences in the role of social status in atherogenesis. Unmet research needs in women's health include the use of diets in nonhuman primate studies that are similar to those consumed by human beings, primate models of natural menopause, dementia, hypertension, colon cancer, and frailty in old age, and dedicated colonies for the study of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol A Shively
- Wake Forest University Primate Center, Department of Pathology, Section on Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157-1040, USA.
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Towards a transgenic model of Huntington's disease in a non-human primate. Nature 2008; 453:921-4. [PMID: 18488016 DOI: 10.1038/nature06975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 328] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2008] [Accepted: 04/09/2008] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Non-human primates are valuable for modelling human disorders and for developing therapeutic strategies; however, little work has been reported in establishing transgenic non-human primate models of human diseases. Huntington's disease (HD) is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor impairment, cognitive deterioration and psychiatric disturbances followed by death within 10-15 years of the onset of the symptoms. HD is caused by the expansion of cytosine-adenine-guanine (CAG, translated into glutamine) trinucleotide repeats in the first exon of the human huntingtin (HTT) gene. Mutant HTT with expanded polyglutamine (polyQ) is widely expressed in the brain and peripheral tissues, but causes selective neurodegeneration that is most prominent in the striatum and cortex of the brain. Although rodent models of HD have been developed, these models do not satisfactorily parallel the brain changes and behavioural features observed in HD patients. Because of the close physiological, neurological and genetic similarities between humans and higher primates, monkeys can serve as very useful models for understanding human physiology and diseases. Here we report our progress in developing a transgenic model of HD in a rhesus macaque that expresses polyglutamine-expanded HTT. Hallmark features of HD, including nuclear inclusions and neuropil aggregates, were observed in the brains of the HD transgenic monkeys. Additionally, the transgenic monkeys showed important clinical features of HD, including dystonia and chorea. A transgenic HD monkey model may open the way to understanding the underlying biology of HD better, and to the development of potential therapies. Moreover, our data suggest that it will be feasible to generate valuable non-human primate models of HD and possibly other human genetic diseases.
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Bellavista E, Mishto M, Santoro A, Bertoni-Freddari C, Sessions RB, Franceschi C. Immunoproteasome in Macaca fascicularis: No Age-Dependent Modification of Abundance and Activity in the Brain and Insight into an in silico Structural Model. Rejuvenation Res 2008; 11:73-82. [DOI: 10.1089/rej.2007.0559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Bellavista
- Interdepartmental Center for Studies on Biophysics, Bioinformatics and Biocomplexity L. Galvani (CIG), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Michele Mishto
- Interdepartmental Center for Studies on Biophysics, Bioinformatics and Biocomplexity L. Galvani (CIG), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Aurelia Santoro
- Interdepartmental Center for Studies on Biophysics, Bioinformatics and Biocomplexity L. Galvani (CIG), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Richard B. Sessions
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, School of Medical Sciences, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Claudio Franceschi
- Interdepartmental Center for Studies on Biophysics, Bioinformatics and Biocomplexity L. Galvani (CIG), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Italian National Research Center for Aging, Ancona, Italy
- Department of Experimental Pathology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Stubbs RJ, Tolkamp BJ. Control of energy balance in relation to energy intake and energy expenditure in animals and man: an ecological perspective. Br J Nutr 2007; 95:657-76. [PMID: 16571145 DOI: 10.1079/bjn20041361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we consider the control of energy balance in animals and man. We argue that patterns of mammalian feeding have evolved to control energy balance in uncertain environments. It is, therefore, expected that, under sedentary conditions in which the diet is rich in nutrients and abundantly available, animals and man will overeat. This suggests that no physiological defects are needed to induce overweight and ultimately obesity in man. Several considerations arise from these observations. The time period over which energy balance is controlled is far longer than allowed by most experiments. Physiological models of energy balance control often treat excess energy intake as a defect of regulation; ecological models view the same behaviour as part of normal energy balance control in environments where resources are uncertain. We apply these considerations to common patterns of human and animal feeding. We believe that the ecological perspective gives a more accurate explanation for the functionality of excess fat and the need to defend nutrient balance and avoid gross imbalances, as well as explaining hyperphagia in the face of plenty. By emphasising the common features of energy balance control in different mammalian species, the importance of changes in behaviour to accommodate changes in the environment becomes apparent. This also opens up possibilities for the control of body weight and the treatment of obesity in man.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Stubbs
- Rowett Research Institute, Greenburn Road, Bucksburn, Aberdeen AB21 9SB, UK
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van der Staay FJ. Animal models of behavioral dysfunctions: Basic concepts and classifications, and an evaluation strategy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 52:131-59. [PMID: 16529820 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresrev.2006.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2005] [Revised: 01/17/2006] [Accepted: 01/17/2006] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In behavioral neurosciences, such as neurobiology and biopsychology, animal models make it possible to investigate brain-behavior relations, with the aim of gaining insight into normal and abnormal human behavior and its underlying neuronal and neuroendocrinological processes. Different types of animal models of behavioral dysfunctions are reviewed in this article. In order to determine the precise criteria that an animal model should fulfill, experts from different fields must define the desired characteristics of that model at the neuropathologic and behavioral level. The list of characteristics depends on the purpose of the model. The phenotype-abnormal behavior or behavioral dysfunctions-has to be translated into testable measures in animal experiments. It is essential to standardize rearing, housing, and testing conditions, and to evaluate the reliability, validity (primarily predictive and construct validity), and biological or clinical relevance of putative animal models of human behavioral dysfunctions. This evaluation, guided by a systematic strategy, is central to the development of a model. The necessity of animal models and the responsible use of animals in research are discussed briefly.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Josef van der Staay
- Wageningen University and Research Center, Animal Sciences Group, PO Box 65, 8200 AB Lelystad, The Netherlands.
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Davis T, Kipling D. Telomeres and telomerase biology in vertebrates: progress towards a non-human model for replicative senescence and ageing. Biogerontology 2006; 6:371-85. [PMID: 16518699 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-005-4901-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2005] [Accepted: 10/05/2005] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Studies on telomere and telomerase biology are fundamental to the understanding of human ageing and age-related diseases such as cancer. However, human studies of whole body ageing are hampered by the lack of suitable fully reflective animal model systems, the wild-type mouse model being unsuitable due to differences in telomere biology. Here we summarise recent data on the biology of telomeres, telomerase, and the tumour suppressor protein p53 in various animals, and examine their possible roles in replicative senescence, ageing, and tumourigenesis. The advantages and disadvantages of various animals as model systems for whole body ageing in humans are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terence Davis
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, CF14 4XN, Heath Park, Cardiff, UK.
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Fuster J, Guiou M, Ardestani A, Cannestra A, Sheth S, Zhou YD, Toga A, Bodner M. Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) in cognitive neuroscience of the primate brain. Neuroimage 2005; 26:215-20. [PMID: 15862221 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2005.01.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2004] [Revised: 12/22/2004] [Accepted: 01/20/2005] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe the use of near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) as a suitable means of assessing hemodynamic changes in the cerebral cortex of awake and behaving monkeys. NIRS can be applied to animals performing cognitive tasks in conjunction with electrophysiological methods, thus offering the possibility of investigating cortical neurovascular coupling in cognition. Because it imposes fewer constraints on behavior than fMRI, NIRS appears more practical than fMRI for certain studies of cognitive neuroscience on the primate cortex. In the present study, NIRS and field potential signals were simultaneously recorded from the association cortex (posterior parietal and prefrontal) of monkeys performing two delay tasks, one spatial and the other non-spatial. Working memory was accompanied by an increase in oxygenated hemoglobin mirrored by a decrease in deoxygenated hemoglobin. Both the trends and the amplitudes of these changes differed by task and by area. Field potential records revealed slow negative potentials that preceded the task trials and persisted during their memory period. The negativity during that period was greater in prefrontal than in parietal cortex. Between tasks, the potential differences were less pronounced than the hemodynamic differences. The present feasibility study lays the groundwork for future correlative studies of cognitive function and neurovascular coupling in the primate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquín Fuster
- UCLA Neuropsychiatric Institute, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1759, USA.
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Nichols S, Bavister B, Brenner C, Didier P, Harrison R, Kubisch H. Ovarian senescence in the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta). Hum Reprod 2005; 20:79-83. [PMID: 15498779 PMCID: PMC4968694 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deh576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A decline in fertility is evident in human females past their middle thirties. This 'reproductive senescence', marked by a sharp decline in pregnancy rates, may be attributed to reductions in numbers of available oocytes and their quality. Because Old World primates exhibit ovarian morphology and physiological control and timing of menstrual cycles closely resembling those of humans, the current study investigated the rhesus macaque as a potential model for human reproductive senescence. METHODS Ovaries collected from females aged 1-25 years and divided into five age groups were analysed histologically. RESULTS General ovarian morphology demonstrated significant changes as the females approached menopause. The proportions of primordial and primary follicles all demonstrated significant differences across age groups (primordial: 77.1, 79.9, 69.7, 62.9, 55.1%; primary: 21.5, 18.8, 28.5, 35.2, 43.1% for age groups 1 to 5 respectively; P<0.0001 for both). Samples from females approaching or undergoing the menopausal transition (aged 20-25 years) demonstrated evidence of ovarian senescence, having scattered and atretic follicles, low numbers of primordial follicles and reduced stromal tissue. CONCLUSION This study supports the value of the rhesus monkey as a model for reproductive ageing because its ovary undergoes follicular reservoir depletion similar to that seen in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- S.M. Nichols
- University of New Orleans, Department of Biological Sciences, New Orleans
| | - B.D. Bavister
- University of New Orleans, Department of Biological Sciences, New Orleans
- Tulane Institute for Reproductive Medicine, Center for Excellence in Women’s Health, New Orleans
| | - C.A. Brenner
- University of New Orleans, Department of Biological Sciences, New Orleans
- Tulane Institute for Reproductive Medicine, Center for Excellence in Women’s Health, New Orleans
| | - P.J. Didier
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana, USA
| | - R.M. Harrison
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana, USA
| | - H.M. Kubisch
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana, USA
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Chan AWS. Transgenic nonhuman primates for neurodegenerative diseases. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2004; 2:39. [PMID: 15200672 PMCID: PMC441412 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7827-2-39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2004] [Accepted: 06/16/2004] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Animal models that represent human diseases constitute an important tool in understanding the pathogenesis of the diseases, and in developing effective therapies. Neurodegenerative diseases are complex disorders involving neuropathologic and psychiatric alterations. Although transgenic and knock-in mouse models of Alzheimer's disease, (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD) and Huntington's disease (HD) have been created, limited representation in clinical aspects has been recognized and the rodent models lack true neurodegeneration. Chemical induction of HD and PD in nonhuman primates (NHP) has been reported, however, the role of intrinsic genetic factors in the development of the diseases is indeterminable. Nonhuman primates closely parallel humans with regard to genetic, neuroanatomic, and cognitive/behavioral characteristics. Accordingly, the development of NHP models for neurodegenerative diseases holds greater promise for success in the discovery of diagnoses, treatments, and cures than approaches using other animal species. Therefore, a transgenic NHP carrying a mutant gene similar to that of patients will help to clarify our understanding of disease onset and progression. Additionally, monitoring disease onset and development in the transgenic NHP by high resolution brain imaging technology such as MRI, and behavioral and cognitive testing can all be carried out simultaneously in the NHP but not in other animal models. Moreover, because of the similarity in motor repertoire between NHPs and humans, it will also be possible to compare the neurologic syndrome observed in the NHP model to that in patients. Understanding the correlation between genetic defects and physiologic changes (e.g. oxidative damage) will lead to a better understanding of disease progression and the development of patient treatments, medications and preventive approaches for high risk individuals. The impact of the transgenic NHP model in understanding the role which genetic disorders play in the development of efficacious interventions and medications is foreseeable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony W S Chan
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center and Department of Human Genetics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
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Lane MA, Mattison JA, Roth GS, Brant LJ, Ingram DK. Effects of Long-Term Diet Restriction on Aging and Longevity in Primates Remain Uncertain. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2004; 59:405-7. [PMID: 15123747 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/59.5.b405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Lane
- Laboratory of Experimental Gerontology, Intramural Research Program, Gerontology Research Center, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
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Small SA, Chawla MK, Buonocore M, Rapp PR, Barnes CA. Imaging correlates of brain function in monkeys and rats isolates a hippocampal subregion differentially vulnerable to aging. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2004; 101:7181-6. [PMID: 15118105 PMCID: PMC406486 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0400285101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The hippocampal formation contains a distinct population of neurons organized into separate anatomical subregions. Each hippocampal subregion expresses a unique molecular profile accounting for their differential vulnerability to mechanisms of memory dysfunction. Nevertheless, it remains unclear which hippocampal subregion is most sensitive to the effects of advancing age. Here we investigate this question by using separate imaging techniques, each assessing different correlates of neuronal function. First, we used MRI to map cerebral blood volume, an established correlate of basal metabolism, in the hippocampal subregions of young and old rhesus monkeys. Second, we used in situ hybridization to map Arc expression in the hippocampal subregions of young and old rats. Arc is an immediate early gene that is activated in a behavior-dependent manner and is correlated with spike activity. Results show that the dentate gyrus is the hippocampal subregion most sensitive to the effects of advancing age, which together with prior studies establishes a cross-species consensus. This pattern isolates the locus of age-related hippocampal dysfunction and differentiates normal aging from Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott A Small
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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Sell DR, Lane MA, Obrenovich ME, Mattison JA, Handy A, Ingram DK, Cutler RG, Roth GS, Monnier VM. The effect of caloric restriction on glycation and glycoxidation in skin collagen of nonhuman primates. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2003; 58:508-16. [PMID: 12807921 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/58.6.b508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The accumulation of Maillard reaction products increases with age in long-lived proteins and can be retarded by caloric restriction. Here we determined whether caloric restriction inhibits formation of glycation and glycoxidation products in skin collagen of squirrel and rhesus monkeys between 1990-1997. Restricted monkeys (n = 11, n = 30, respectively) were maintained at 70% of caloric intake of controls (n = 25, n = 32, respectively). Glycation was assessed by furosine and glycoxidation by pentosidine and carboxymethyl-lysine. With age, the rate of furosine formation moderately but nonsignificantly (p >.05) increased in both control monkey groups. It significantly (p =.011) decreased in the caloric-restricted rhesus, but not squirrel monkeys. Caloric restriction did not significantly decrease the pentosidine or carboxymethyl-lysine rates in either species of monkeys. These results suggest that caloric restriction, when maintained long-term in nonhuman primates, tends to decrease glycation, but not glycoxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R Sell
- Institute of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA.
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Marvanová M, Ménager J, Bezard E, Bontrop RE, Pradier L, Wong G. Microarray analysis of nonhuman primates: validation of experimental models in neurological disorders. FASEB J 2003; 17:929-31. [PMID: 12626435 DOI: 10.1096/fj.02-0681fje] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Nonhuman primates (NHPs) have provided robust experimental animal models for many human-related diseases due to their similar physiologies. Nonetheless, profound differences remain in the acquisition, progression, and outcome of important diseases such as AIDS and Alzheimer's, for which the underlying basis remains obscure. We explored the utility of human high-density oligonucleotide arrays to survey the transcription profile of NHP genomes. Total RNA from prefrontal cortices of human (Homo sapiens), common chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes), cynomolgous macaque (Macaca fascicularis), and common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) was labeled and hybridized to Affymetrix U95A GeneChip probe arrays. Corresponding data obtained previously from common chimpanzee and orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus) were added for comparison. Qualitative (present or not detected) and quantitative (expression level) analysis indicated that many genes known to be involved in human neurological disorders were present and regulated in NHPs. A gene involved in dopamine metabolism (catechol-O-methyltransferase) was absent in macaque and marmoset. Glutamate receptor 2 was up-regulated, and transcription-associated genes were down-regulated in NHPs compared with humans. We demonstrate that transcript profiling of NHPs could provide comparative genomic data to validate and better focus experimental animal models of human neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markéta Marvanová
- Functional Genomics and Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Neurobiology, A. I. Virtanen Institute, University of Kuopio, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
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