1
|
Pan S, Yang L, Zhong W, Wang H, Lan Y, Chen Q, Yu S, Yang F, Yan P, Peng H, Liu X, Gao X, Song J. Integrated analyses revealed the potential role and immune link of mitochondrial dysfunction between periodontitis and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 130:111796. [PMID: 38452412 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
There is a reciprocal comorbid relationship between periodontitis and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Recent studies have suggested that mitochondrial dysfunction (MD) could be the key driver underlying this comorbidity. The aim of this study is to provide novel understandings into the potential molecular mechanisms between MD and the comorbidity, and identify potential therapeutic targets for personalized clinical management. MD-related differentially expressed genes (MDDEGs) were identified. Enrichment analyses and PPI network analysis were then conducted. Six algorithms were used to explore the hub MDDEGs, and these were validated by ROC analysis and qRT-PCR. Co-expression and potential drug targeting analyses were then performed. Potential biomarkers were identified using LASSO regression. The immunocyte infiltration levels in periodontitis and T2DM were evaluated via CIBERSORTx and validated in mouse models. Subsequently, MD-related immune-related genes (MDIRGs) were screened by WGCNA. The in vitro experiment verified that MD was closely associated with this comorbidity. GO and KEGG analyses demonstrated that the connection between periodontitis and T2DM was mainly enriched in immuno-inflammatory pathways. In total, 116 MDDEGs, eight hub MDDEGs, and two biomarkers were identified. qRT-PCR revealed a distinct hub MDDEG expression pattern in the comorbidity group. Altered immunocytes in disease samples were identified, and their correlations were explored. The in vivo examination revealed higher infiltration levels of inflammatory immunocytes. The findings of this study provide insight into the mechanism underlying the gene-mitochondria-immunocyte network and provide a novel reference for future research into the function of mitochondria in periodontitis and T2DM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shengyuan Pan
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing 401147, China; Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing 401147, China.
| | - LanXin Yang
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing 401147, China; Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing 401147, China.
| | - Wenjie Zhong
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing 401147, China; Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing 401147, China.
| | - He Wang
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing 401147, China; Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing 401147, China.
| | - Yuyan Lan
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing 401147, China; Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing 401147, China.
| | - Qiyue Chen
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing 401147, China; Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing 401147, China.
| | - Simin Yu
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing 401147, China; Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing 401147, China.
| | - Fengze Yang
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing 401147, China; Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing 401147, China.
| | - Pingping Yan
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing 401147, China; Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing 401147, China.
| | - Houli Peng
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing 401147, China; Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing 401147, China.
| | - Xuan Liu
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing 401147, China; Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing 401147, China.
| | - Xiang Gao
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing 401147, China; Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing 401147, China.
| | - Jinlin Song
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing 401147, China; Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing 401147, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lin RJ, Nager AR, Park S, Sutton J, Lay C, Melton Z, Zhang Y, Boldajipour B, Van Blarcom TJ, Panowski SH, Sasu BJ, Chaparro-Riggers J. Design and Validation of Inducible TurboCARsTM with Tunable Induction and Combinatorial Cytokine Signaling. Cancer Immunol Res 2022; 10:1069-1083. [PMID: 35881865 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-21-0253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Although cytokine support can enhance CAR T-cell function, co-administering cytokines or engineering CAR T cells to secrete cytokines can result in toxicities. To mitigate these safety risks, we engineered iTurboCARTM T cells that coexpress a novel inducible Turbo (iTurbo) cytokine signaling domain. iTurbo domains consist of modular components that are customizable to a variety of activating inputs, as well as cytokine signaling outputs multiplexable for combinatorial signaling outcomes. Unlike most canonical cytokine receptors that are heterodimeric, iTurbo domains leverage a compact, homodimeric design that minimizes viral vector cargo. Using an iTurbo domain activated by the clinically validated dimerizer, AP1903, homodimeric iTurbo domains instigated signaling that mimicked the endogenous heterodimeric cytokine receptor. Different iTurbo domains programmed iTurboCAR T cells towards divergent phenotypes and resulted in improved anti-tumor efficacy. iTurbo domains, therefore, offer the flexibility for user-programmable signaling outputs, permitting control over cellular phenotype and function, while minimizing viral cargo footprint.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Regina J Lin
- Allogene Therapeutics, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, United States
| | | | - Spencer Park
- Weill Cornell Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Janette Sutton
- Allogene Therapeutics, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Cecilia Lay
- Allogene Therapeutics, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Zea Melton
- Allogene Therapeutics, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Yi Zhang
- Allogene Therapeutics, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, United States
| | | | | | | | - Barbra J Sasu
- Allogene Therapuetics Inc, South San Francisco, CA, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Mellors JW, Guo S, Naqvi A, Brandt LD, Su L, Sun Z, Joseph KW, Demirov D, Halvas EK, Butcher D, Scott B, Hamilton A, Heil M, Karim B, Wu X, Hughes SH. Insertional activation of STAT3 and LCK by HIV-1 proviruses in T cell lymphomas. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabi8795. [PMID: 34644108 PMCID: PMC8514100 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abi8795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Retroviruses cause cancers in animals by integrating in or near oncogenes. Although HIV-1 infection increases the risk of cancer, most of the risk is associated with immunodeficiency and coinfection by oncogenic virus (Epstein-Barr virus, Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus, and human papillomavirus). HIV-1 proviruses integrated in some oncogenes cause clonal expansion of infected T cells in vivo; however, the infected cells are not transformed, and it is generally believed that HIV-1 does not cause cancer directly. We show that HIV-1 proviruses integrated in the first introns of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and lymphocyte-specific protein tyrosine kinase (LCK) can play an important role in the development of T cell lymphomas. The development of these cancers appears to be a multistep process involving additional nonviral mutations, which could help explain why T cell lymphomas are rare in persons with HIV-1 infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John W. Mellors
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Shuang Guo
- Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Asma Naqvi
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Leah D. Brandt
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ling Su
- Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Zhonghe Sun
- Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Kevin W. Joseph
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Dimiter Demirov
- Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Elias K. Halvas
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Donna Butcher
- Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Beth Scott
- Roche Molecular Diagnostics, Pleasanton, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Baktiar Karim
- Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Xiaolin Wu
- Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Stephen H. Hughes
- HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, CCR, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kim DH, Park JW, Jeong HO, Lee B, Chung KW, Lee Y, Jung HJ, Hyun MK, Lee AK, Kim BM, Yu BP, Chung HY. Novel Role of Lck in Leptin-Induced Inflammation and Implications for Renal Aging. Aging Dis 2019; 10:1174-1186. [PMID: 31788330 PMCID: PMC6844581 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2019.0218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is associated with increased fat mass and elevated serum leptin levels (hyperleptinemia), causing proinflammation in the kidneys where it plays a primary role in the removal of endogenous leptin from the circulation. Lymphocyte-specific kinase (Lck) is a positive regulator of inflammatory signaling and a potential treatment target for age-related diseases, but its role in leptin signaling is unknown. Here, we investigated how Lck influences hyperleptinemia-induced inflammation in kidney tissues from 6- and 21-month-old rats. Results indicate that Lck expression and activation increased significantly in aged rat kidneys, especially at renal tubules. Furthermore, we identified interactions between Lck and short leptin-receptor isoforms, suggesting that Lck is a protein tyrosine kinase regulating leptin signaling. We further investigated whether increased Lck expression in renal tubular epithelial cells and macrophage infiltration are associated with leptin-induced inflammation. We then demonstrated that leptin activates Lck and proinflammatory transcription factors (STAT3 and NF-κB), while Lck knockdown modulates the expression of both transcription factors. Collectively, these data implicate that Lck leads to development of leptin-induced renal inflammation during aging. Inhibition of this protein tyrosine kinase may therefore be an appropriate therapeutic option for protection against age-related hyperleptinemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dae Hyun Kim
- 1Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Gumjung-gu, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - June Whoun Park
- 1Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Gumjung-gu, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Hyoung Oh Jeong
- 1Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Gumjung-gu, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Bonggi Lee
- 2Korean Medicine (KM)-Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), Daegu 41062, Korea
| | - Ki Wung Chung
- 3Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kyungsung University, Nam-gu, Busan 48434, Korea
| | - Yujeong Lee
- 1Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Gumjung-gu, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Hee Jin Jung
- 1Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Gumjung-gu, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Min Kyung Hyun
- 1Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Gumjung-gu, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - A Kyoung Lee
- 1Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Gumjung-gu, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Byeong Moo Kim
- 1Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Gumjung-gu, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Byung Pal Yu
- 4Department of Physiology, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Hae Young Chung
- 1Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Gumjung-gu, Busan 46241, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hua L, Wang G, Wang Z, Fu J, Fang Z, Zhuang T, Zhao L, Zong Z, Ye C, Liu H, Zhu Y, Yu R. Activation of STAT1 by the FRK tyrosine kinase is associated with human glioma growth. J Neurooncol 2019; 143:35-47. [PMID: 30993511 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-019-03143-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Glioma is a highly aggressive and lethal brain tumor. Signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) pathway are widely implicated in glioma carcinogenesis. Our previous study found that the Fynrelated kinase (FRK) gene, plays as a tumor suppressor in the development and progression of glioma. This study aimed to investigate the role of FRK in the activation pathway of STATs and its effect on the growth of glioma. METHODS The U251 and U87 cells with stable FRK overexpression were generated by lentivirus technique. The effects of FRK on the related proteins of STAT signaling pathway were detected by western blotting. Coimmunoprecipitation was used to detect the association of FRK and STAT1. The effects of STAT1 on the proliferation of glioma cells were detected by CCK8 or Edu cell proliferation assays. The expressions and correlation of FRK and p-STAT1 in glioma tissues were detectd by western blotting or immunohistochemistry. The effect of FRK on the growth of glioma was investigated in vivo mouse model. RESULTS The level of p-JAK2 and p-STAT1 increased after FRK overexpression, while they decreased after FRK downregulation both in U251 and U87 cells. However, FRK had no effect on STAT3 phosphorylation. FRK-induced STAT1 activation was not dependent on JAK2. FRK associated with STAT1, induced STAT1 nuclear translocation and regulated the expressions of STAT1-related target genes. STAT1 overexpression suppressed the proliferation of glioma cells. In contrast, STAT1 knockdown by siRNA promoted glioma cell growth. Importantly, down-regulation of STAT1 partially attenuated FRK-induced growth suppression. The clinical sample-based study indicated that the expression of FRK was significantly correlated with the expression of p-STAT1. FRK significantly inhibited glioma tumor growth in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Our findings highlighted a critical role of FRK in tumor suppression ability through promoting STAT1 activation, and provided a potential therapeutic target for glioma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Hua
- Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Guanghui Wang
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210000, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiale Fu
- Institute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Fang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212000, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Zhuang
- Henan Key Laboratory of immunology and Targeted Drugs, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenkun Zong
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengkun Ye
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongmei Liu
- Institute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yufu Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Rutong Yu
- Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China. .,Institute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Campbell JD, Yau C, Bowlby R, Liu Y, Brennan K, Fan H, Taylor AM, Wang C, Walter V, Akbani R, Byers LA, Creighton CJ, Coarfa C, Shih J, Cherniack AD, Gevaert O, Prunello M, Shen H, Anur P, Chen J, Cheng H, Hayes DN, Bullman S, Pedamallu CS, Ojesina AI, Sadeghi S, Mungall KL, Robertson AG, Benz C, Schultz A, Kanchi RS, Gay CM, Hegde A, Diao L, Wang J, Ma W, Sumazin P, Chiu HS, Chen TW, Gunaratne P, Donehower L, Rader JS, Zuna R, Al-Ahmadie H, Lazar AJ, Flores ER, Tsai KY, Zhou JH, Rustgi AK, Drill E, Shen R, Wong CK, Stuart JM, Laird PW, Hoadley KA, Weinstein JN, Peto M, Pickering CR, Chen Z, Van Waes C. Genomic, Pathway Network, and Immunologic Features Distinguishing Squamous Carcinomas. Cell Rep 2018; 23:194-212.e6. [PMID: 29617660 PMCID: PMC6002769 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.03.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This integrated, multiplatform PanCancer Atlas study co-mapped and identified distinguishing molecular features of squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) from five sites associated with smoking and/or human papillomavirus (HPV). SCCs harbor 3q, 5p, and other recurrent chromosomal copy-number alterations (CNAs), DNA mutations, and/or aberrant methylation of genes and microRNAs, which are correlated with the expression of multi-gene programs linked to squamous cell stemness, epithelial-to-mesenchymal differentiation, growth, genomic integrity, oxidative damage, death, and inflammation. Low-CNA SCCs tended to be HPV(+) and display hypermethylation with repression of TET1 demethylase and FANCF, previously linked to predisposition to SCC, or harbor mutations affecting CASP8, RAS-MAPK pathways, chromatin modifiers, and immunoregulatory molecules. We uncovered hypomethylation of the alternative promoter that drives expression of the ΔNp63 oncogene and embedded miR944. Co-expression of immune checkpoint, T-regulatory, and Myeloid suppressor cells signatures may explain reduced efficacy of immune therapy. These findings support possibilities for molecular classification and therapeutic approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua D Campbell
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; The Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Christina Yau
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA; Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Boulevard, Novato, CA 94945, USA
| | - Reanne Bowlby
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4S6, Canada
| | - Yuexin Liu
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Kevin Brennan
- Department of Medicine-Biomedical Informatics Research, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Huihui Fan
- Center for Epigenetics, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Alison M Taylor
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; The Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Chen Wang
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Vonn Walter
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State Milton Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Rehan Akbani
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Lauren Averett Byers
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Thoracic/Head & Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Chad J Creighton
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Medicine and Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center Division of Biostatistics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Cristian Coarfa
- Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Juliann Shih
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; The Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Andrew D Cherniack
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; The Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Olivier Gevaert
- Department of Medicine-Biomedical Informatics Research, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Marcos Prunello
- Department of Medicine-Biomedical Informatics Research, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Hui Shen
- Center for Epigenetics, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Pavana Anur
- Department of Molecular & Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97201, USA
| | - Jianhong Chen
- Head and Neck Surgery Branch, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Hui Cheng
- Head and Neck Surgery Branch, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - D Neil Hayes
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Susan Bullman
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; The Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Chandra Sekhar Pedamallu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; The Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Akinyemi I Ojesina
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; Hudson Alpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL 35806, USA
| | - Sara Sadeghi
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4S6, Canada
| | - Karen L Mungall
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4S6, Canada
| | - A Gordon Robertson
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4S6, Canada
| | - Christopher Benz
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Boulevard, Novato, CA 94945, USA
| | - Andre Schultz
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Rupa S Kanchi
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Carl M Gay
- Department of Thoracic/Head & Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Apurva Hegde
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Lixia Diao
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Wencai Ma
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Pavel Sumazin
- Department of Medicine-Pediatrics, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Hua-Sheng Chiu
- Department of Medicine-Pediatrics, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ting-Wen Chen
- Department of Medicine-Pediatrics, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Preethi Gunaratne
- Department of Biology & Biochemistry, UH-SeqNEdit Core, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA; Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Larry Donehower
- Center for Comparative Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Janet S Rader
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Rosemary Zuna
- University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Department of Pathology, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Hikmat Al-Ahmadie
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Alexander J Lazar
- Departments of Pathology, Genomic Medicine, Dermatology, and Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77401, USA
| | - Elsa R Flores
- Molecular Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Kenneth Y Tsai
- Departments of Anatomic Pathology and Tumor Biology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Jane H Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Anil K Rustgi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Departments of Medicine and Genetics, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Esther Drill
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Ronglei Shen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Christopher K Wong
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Center for Biomolecular Sciences and Engineering University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Joshua M Stuart
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Center for Biomolecular Sciences and Engineering University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Peter W Laird
- Center for Epigenetics, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Katherine A Hoadley
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - John N Weinstein
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Myron Peto
- Department of Molecular & Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97201, USA
| | - Curtis R Pickering
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Zhong Chen
- Head and Neck Surgery Branch, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Carter Van Waes
- Head and Neck Surgery Branch, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Peng T, Gu MM, Zhao CS, Wang WN, Huang MZ, Xie CY, Xiao YC, Cha GH, Liu Y. The GRIM-19 plays a vital role in shrimps' responses to Vibrio alginolyticus. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 49:34-44. [PMID: 26702559 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2015.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2015] [Revised: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/12/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
GRIM-19 (gene associated with retinoid-interferon-induced mortality 19), a novel cell death regulatory gene, plays important roles in cell apoptosis, mitochondrial respiratory chain and immune response. It has been reported to interact physically with STAT3 and inhibit STAT3-dependent signal transduction. In this study, a new GRIM-19 gene, which is a 789-bp gene encoding a 149 amino acids protein, is identified and characterized from Litopenaeus vannamei. The tissue distribution patterns showed that LvGRIM-19 was widely expressed in all examined tissues, with the highest expression in muscle. Quantitative real-time PCR revealed that LvGRIM-19 was down-regulated in hepatopancreas after infection with the Vibrio alginolyticus. Knockdown of LvGRIM-19 by RNA interference resulted in a lower mortality of L. vannamei under V. alginolyticus infection, as well as an enhancement in the protein expression of STAT gene and JAK gene. V. alginolyticus infection caused an increase apoptotic cell ratio and ROS production of L. vannamei, while LvGRIM-19 silenced shrimps showed significantly lower than GFP group. Our results suggest that the GRIM-19 plays a vital role in shrimps' responses to V. alginolyticus. Interferenced LvGRIM-19 treatment during V. alginolyticus infection could increase 12 h survival rate, which might indicated that LvGRIM-19 is closely related to death of shrimps.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Peng
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, PR China
| | - Mei-Mei Gu
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, PR China
| | - Chang-Sheng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, PR China
| | - Wei-Na Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, PR China.
| | - Ming-Zhu Huang
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, PR China
| | - Chen-Ying Xie
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, PR China
| | - Yu-Chao Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, PR China
| | - Gui-Hong Cha
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, PR China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Exchange protein directly activated by cAMP modulates regulatory T-cell-mediated immunosuppression. Biochem J 2015; 465:295-303. [PMID: 25339598 DOI: 10.1042/bj20140952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The cAMP signalling pathway plays an essential role in immune functions. In the present study we examined the role of the cAMP/EPAC1 (exchange protein directly activated by cAMP) axis in regulatory T-cell (Treg)-mediated immunosuppression using genetic and pharmacological approaches. Genetic deletion of EPAC1 in Tregs and effector T-cells (Teffs) synergistically attenuated Treg-mediated suppression of Teffs. Mechanistically, EPAC1 inhibition enhanced activation of the transcription factor STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3) and up-regulated SMAD7 expression while down-regulating expression of SMAD4. Consequently, CD4+ T-cells were desensitized to transforming growth factor (TGF) β1, a cytokine employed by Tregs to exert a broad inhibitory function within the immune system. Furthermore, deletion of EPAC1 led to production of significant levels of ovalbumin IgG antibodies in a low-dose, oral-tolerance mouse model. These in vivo observations are consistent with the finding that EPAC1 plays an important role in Treg-mediated suppression. More importantly, pharmacological inhibition of EPAC1 using an EPAC-specific inhibitor recapitulates the EPAC1 deletion phenotype both in vivo and in vitro. The results of the present study show that EPAC1 boosts Treg-mediated suppression, and identifies EPAC1 as a target with broad therapeutic potential because Tregs are involved in numerous pathologies, including autoimmunity, infections and a wide range of cancers.
Collapse
|
9
|
PTEN functions as a melanoma tumor suppressor by promoting host immune response. Oncogene 2013; 33:4632-42. [PMID: 24141770 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Revised: 07/31/2013] [Accepted: 08/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells acquire several traits that allow for their survival and progression, including the ability to evade the host immune response. However, the mechanisms by which cancer cells evade host immune responses remain largely elusive. Here we study the phenomena of immune evasion in malignant melanoma cells. We find that the tumor suppressor phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) is an important regulator of the host immune response against melanoma cells. Mechanistically, PTEN represses the expression of immunosuppressive cytokines by blocking the phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway. In melanoma cells lacking PTEN, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 activates the transcription of immunosuppressive cytokines in a PI3K-dependent manner. Furthermore, conditioned media from PTEN-deficient, patient-derived short-term melanoma cultures and established melanoma cell lines blocked the production of the interleukin-12 (IL-12) in human monocyte-derived dendritic cells. Inhibition of IL-12 production was rescued by restoring PTEN or using neutralizing antibodies against the immunosuppressive cytokines. Furthermore, we report that PTEN, as an alternative mechanism to promote the host immune response against cancer cells, represses the expression of programmed cell death 1 ligand, a known repressor of the host immune response. Finally, to establish the clinical significance of our results, we analyzed malignant melanoma patient samples with or without brisk host responses. These analyses confirmed that PTEN loss is associated with a higher percentage of malignant melanoma samples with non-brisk host responses compared with samples with brisk host responses. Collectively, these results establish that PTEN functions as a melanoma tumor suppressor in part by regulating the host immune response against melanoma cells and highlight the importance of assessing PTEN status before recruiting melanoma patients for immunotherapies.
Collapse
|
10
|
A molecular model for the differential activation of STAT3 and STAT6 by the herpesviral oncoprotein tip. PLoS One 2012; 7:e34306. [PMID: 22509288 PMCID: PMC3320567 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0034306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2012] [Accepted: 02/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Constitutive STAT signaling provides growth promoting signals in many forms of malignancy. We performed molecular modeling and molecular dynamics studies of the interaction between the regulatory Src homology 2 (SH2) domains of STAT3 and 6 with phosphorylated peptides of the herpesviral oncoprotein Tip, which facilitates Src kinase mediated STAT-activation and T cell proliferation. The studies give insight into the ligand binding specificity of the STAT SH2 domains and provide the first model for the differential activation of STAT3 or STAT6 by two distinct regions of the viral Tip protein. The biological relevance of the modeled interactions was then confirmed by activation studies using corresponding recombinant oncoproteins, and finally by respective recombinant viruses. The functional data give experimental validation of the molecular dynamics study, and provide evidence for the involvement of STAT6 in the herpesvirus induced T cell proliferation.
Collapse
|
11
|
Abstract
We have recently shown that Src induces the formation of podosomes and cell invasion by suppressing endogenous p53, while enhanced p53 strongly represses the Src-induced invasive phenotype. However, the mechanism by which Src and p53 play antagonistic roles in cell invasion is unknown. Here we show that the Stat3 oncogene is a required downstream effector of Src in inducing podosome structures and related invasive phenotypes. Stat3 promotes Src phenotypes through the suppression of p53 and the p53-inducible protein caldesmon, a known podosome antagonist. In contrast, enhanced p53 attenuates Stat3 function and Src-induced podosome formation by upregulating the tumor suppressor PTEN. PTEN, through the inactivation of Src/Stat3 function, also stabilizes the podosome-antagonizing p53/caldesmon axis, thereby further enhancing the anti-invasive potential of the cell. Furthermore, the protein phosphatase activity of PTEN plays a major role in the negative regulation of the Src/Stat3 pathway and represses podosome formation. Our data suggest that cellular invasiveness is dependent on the balance between two opposing forces: the proinvasive oncogenes Src-Stat3 and the anti-invasive tumor suppressors p53-PTEN.
Collapse
|
12
|
STAT3 is a substrate of SYK tyrosine kinase in B-lineage leukemia/lymphoma cells exposed to oxidative stress. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010; 107:2902-7. [PMID: 20133729 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0909086107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
We provide unprecedented genetic and biochemical evidence that the antiapoptotic transcription factor STAT3 serves as a substrate for SYK tyrosine kinase both in vitro and in vivo. Induction of SYK in an ecdysone-inducible mammalian expression system results in STAT3 activation, as documented by tyrosine phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of STAT3, as well as amplified expression of several STAT3 target genes. STAT3 activation after oxidative stress (OS) is strongly diminished in DT40 chicken B-lineage lymphoma cells rendered SYK-deficient by targeted disruption of the syk gene. Introduction of a wild-type, C-terminal or N-terminal SH2 domain-mutated, but not a kinase domain-mutated, syk gene into SYK-deficient DT40 cells restores OS-induced enhancement of STAT-3 activity. Thus, SYK plays an important and indispensable role in OS-induced STAT3 activation and its catalytic SH1 domain is critical for this previously unknown regulatory function. These results provide evidence for the existence of a novel mode of cytokine-independent cross-talk that operates between SYK and STAT3 pathways and regulates apoptosis during OS. We further provide experimental evidence that SYK is capable of associating with and phosphorylating STAT3 in human B-lineage leukemia/lymphoma cells challenged with OS. In agreement with a prerequisite role of SYK in OS-induced STAT3 activation, OS does not induce tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT3 in SYK-deficient human proB leukemia cells. Notably, inhibition of SYK with a small molecule drug candidate prevents OS-induced activation of STAT3 and overcomes the resistance of human B-lineage leukemia/lymphoma cells to OS-induced apoptosis.
Collapse
|
13
|
Kool J, Uren AG, Martins CP, Sie D, de Ridder J, Turner G, van Uitert M, Matentzoglu K, Lagcher W, Krimpenfort P, Gadiot J, Pritchard C, Lenz J, Lund AH, Jonkers J, Rogers J, Adams DJ, Wessels L, Berns A, van Lohuizen M. Insertional mutagenesis in mice deficient for p15Ink4b, p16Ink4a, p21Cip1, and p27Kip1 reveals cancer gene interactions and correlations with tumor phenotypes. Cancer Res 2010; 70:520-31. [PMID: 20068150 PMCID: PMC2875110 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-09-2736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The cyclin dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors p15, p16, p21, and p27 are frequently deleted, silenced, or downregulated in many malignancies. Inactivation of CDK inhibitors predisposes mice to tumor development, showing that these genes function as tumor suppressors. Here, we describe high-throughput murine leukemia virus insertional mutagenesis screens in mice that are deficient for one or two CDK inhibitors. We retrieved 9,117 retroviral insertions from 476 lymphomas to define hundreds of loci that are mutated more frequently than expected by chance. Many of these loci are skewed toward a specific genetic context of predisposing germline and somatic mutations. We also found associations between these loci with gender, age of tumor onset, and lymphocyte lineage (B or T cell). Comparison of retroviral insertion sites with single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with chronic lymphocytic leukemia revealed a significant overlap between the datasets. Together, our findings highlight the importance of genetic context within large-scale mutation detection studies, and they show a novel use for insertional mutagenesis data in prioritizing disease-associated genes that emerge from genome-wide association studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaap Kool
- Division of Molecular Genetics, The Centre of Biomedical Genetics, Academic Medical Center and Cancer Genomics Centre, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anthony G. Uren
- Division of Molecular Genetics, The Centre of Biomedical Genetics, Academic Medical Center and Cancer Genomics Centre, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Carla P. Martins
- Division of Molecular Genetics, The Centre of Biomedical Genetics, Academic Medical Center and Cancer Genomics Centre, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Daoud Sie
- Central Microarray Facility, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen de Ridder
- Division of Molecular Biology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics, and Computer Science, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | | | - Miranda van Uitert
- Division of Molecular Biology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Konstantin Matentzoglu
- Division of Molecular Genetics, The Centre of Biomedical Genetics, Academic Medical Center and Cancer Genomics Centre, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wendy Lagcher
- Division of Molecular Genetics, The Centre of Biomedical Genetics, Academic Medical Center and Cancer Genomics Centre, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Paul Krimpenfort
- Division of Molecular Genetics, The Centre of Biomedical Genetics, Academic Medical Center and Cancer Genomics Centre, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jules Gadiot
- Division of Molecular Genetics, The Centre of Biomedical Genetics, Academic Medical Center and Cancer Genomics Centre, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Colin Pritchard
- Division of Molecular Genetics, The Centre of Biomedical Genetics, Academic Medical Center and Cancer Genomics Centre, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jack Lenz
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, U.S.A
| | - Anders H. Lund
- Division of Molecular Genetics, The Centre of Biomedical Genetics, Academic Medical Center and Cancer Genomics Centre, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jos Jonkers
- Division of Molecular Biology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jane Rogers
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | | | - Lodewyk Wessels
- Division of Molecular Biology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics, and Computer Science, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Anton Berns
- Division of Molecular Genetics, The Centre of Biomedical Genetics, Academic Medical Center and Cancer Genomics Centre, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten van Lohuizen
- Division of Molecular Genetics, The Centre of Biomedical Genetics, Academic Medical Center and Cancer Genomics Centre, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
A point mutation, E95D, in the mumps virus V protein disengages STAT3 targeting from STAT1 targeting. J Virol 2009; 83:6347-56. [PMID: 19386700 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00596-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mumps virus, like other paramyxoviruses in the Rubulavirus genus, encodes a V protein that can assemble a ubiquitin ligase complex from cellular components, leading to the destruction of cellular signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) proteins. While many V proteins target the interferon-activated STAT1 or STAT2 protein, mumps virus V protein is unique in its ability to also target STAT3 for ubiquitin modification and proteasome-mediated degradation. Here we report that a single amino acid substitution in the mumps virus V protein, E95D, results in defective STAT3 targeting while maintaining the ability to target STAT1. Results indicate that the E95D mutation disrupts the ability of the V protein to associate with STAT3. A recombinant mumps virus carrying the E95D mutation in its P and V proteins replicates normally in cultured cells but fails to induce targeting of STAT3. Infection with the recombinant virus results in the differential regulation of a number of cellular genes compared to wild-type mumps virus and increases cell death in infected cells, producing a large-plaque phenotype.
Collapse
|
15
|
Wang L, Kurosaki T, Corey SJ. Engagement of the B-cell antigen receptor activates STAT through Lyn in a Jak-independent pathway. Oncogene 2006; 26:2851-9. [PMID: 17146444 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1210092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Engagement of the B-cell antigen receptor (BCR) initiated by the Src kinase Lyn triggers rapid signaling cascades, leading to proliferation, differentiation or growth arrest of B cells. The Janus kinase (JAK)-STAT (signal transducer and activator of transcription) pathway, activated through cytokine receptors, mediates similar responses. Hypothesizing that Src and JAK pathways engage in crosstalk in B-cell signaling, we studied wild-type and Lyn-null B-cell lines, which express BCR. We found that activated BCR results in tyrosine phosphorylation of JAK-STAT, which required Lyn. To confirm that STAT activation is not due to JAK, we cloned the chicken homologs of JAK1 and JAK2 and made their antisense constructs. In cells expressing antisense JAK1 and JAK2, tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT was not inhibited following BCR stimulation. Using activation loop-specific phosphotyrosine antibodies, we did not detect phospho-JAK1 and phospho-JAK2 after BCR stimulation. The JAK inhibitor AG490 did not inhibit the tyrosine phosphorylation of Lyn or STAT after BCR simulation. An in vitro phosphorylation assay showed that Lyn directly phosphorylates STAT3. In an electrophoretic mobility shift assay, BCR stimulation led to enhanced DNA binding of the STAT3 in DT40, but not in the Lyn-null cells. We conclude that BCR engagement activates the STAT pathway via Lyn, independent of JAK.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Wang
- Division of Pediatrics, University of Texas-MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Mirmohammadsadegh A, Hassan M, Bardenheuer W, Marini A, Gustrau A, Nambiar S, Tannapfel A, Bojar H, Ruzicka T, Hengge UR. STAT5 Phosphorylation in Malignant Melanoma Is Important for Survival and Is Mediated Through SRC and JAK1 Kinases. J Invest Dermatol 2006; 126:2272-80. [PMID: 16741510 DOI: 10.1038/sj.jid.5700385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Altered signaling pathways are key regulators of cellular functions in tumor cells. Constitutive activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)3 and -5 may be involved in tumor formation and progression. We have investigated the role of STAT5 in cutaneous melanoma metastases using various RNA and protein techniques. In melanoma specimens, Stat5b transcripts were upregulated approximately 3.8-fold. In 13 of 21 (62%) human melanoma metastases, STAT5 was phosphorylated in comparison to normal human melanocytes and benign nevi. The STAT5 target gene Bcl-2 was frequently upregulated. The investigation of the underlying mechanism revealed specific STAT5 activation by recombinant human epidermal growth factor (rEGF). rEGF-induced activation of STAT5 occurred in vitro through the non-receptor tyrosine kinases transforming gene (src) of Rous Sarcoma virus and Janus kinase 1. Inhibition of Stat5b expression by small interfering RNA strongly reduced the expression of Bcl-2 and led to decreased cell viability and increased apoptosis in the melanoma cell lines A375 and BLM. Transfection with dominant-negative Stat5b caused enhanced cell death and G1 arrest in A375 cells. Our study identifies phosphorylated STAT5 in melanoma and shows regulation through rEGF; STAT5 may thus act as a survival factor for growth of human melanoma and may represent a potential target for molecular therapy.
Collapse
|
17
|
Shi M, Cooper JC, Yu CL. A constitutively active Lck kinase promotes cell proliferation and resistance to apoptosis through signal transducer and activator of transcription 5b activation. Mol Cancer Res 2006; 4:39-45. [PMID: 16446405 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-05-0202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Lck is a Src family protein tyrosine kinase and is expressed predominantly in T cells. Aberrant expression or activation of Lck kinase has been reported in both lymphoid and nonlymphoid malignancies. However, the mechanisms underlying Lck-mediated oncogenesis remain largely unclear. In this report, we establish a tetracycline-inducible system to study the biochemical and biological effects of a constitutively active Lck mutant with a point mutation at the negative regulatory tyrosine. Expression of the active Lck kinase induces both tyrosine phosphorylation and DNA-binding activity of signal transducer and activator of transcription 5b (STAT5b), a STAT family member activated in a variety of tumor cells. The active Lck kinase interacts with STAT5b in cells, suggesting that Lck may directly phosphorylate STAT5b. Expression of the constitutively active Lck mutant in interleukin-3 (IL-3)-dependent BaF3 cells promotes cell proliferation. In addition, the active Lck kinase protects BaF3 cells from IL-3 withdrawal-induced apoptotic death and leads to IL-3-independent growth. These transforming properties of the oncogenic Lck kinase can be further augmented by expression of exogenous wild-type STAT5b but attenuated by a dominant-negative form of STAT5b. All together, our results suggest the potential involvement of STAT5b in Lck-mediated cellular transformation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingjian Shi
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232-0615, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Willemsen RA, Sebestyén Z, Ronteltap C, Berrevoets C, Drexhage J, Debets R. CD8 alpha coreceptor to improve TCR gene transfer to treat melanoma: down-regulation of tumor-specific production of IL-4, IL-5, and IL-10. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2006; 177:991-8. [PMID: 16818755 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.177.2.991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic success of TCR gene transfer to treat tumors depends on the ability of redirected T cells to become activated upon tumor recognition in vivo. Help provided by tumor-specific Th1 cells is reported to relieve T cells from an anergized state and to induce tumor regression. We recently demonstrated the ability to generate melanoma-specific Th1 cells by genetic introduction of both a CD8-dependent TCR and the CD8alpha coreceptor into CD4+ T cells. In this study, we analyzed a TCR that binds Ag independently of CD8, a property generally preferred to induce tumor-specific T cell responses, and addressed the contribution of CD8alpha following introduction into TCR-transduced CD4+ T cells. To this end, primary human CD4+ T cells were gene transferred with a high-avidity TCR, and were shown not only to bind peptide/MHC class I, but also to effectively kill Ag-positive tumor cells in the absence of CD8alpha. The introduction of CD8alpha up-regulates the tumor-specific production of TNF-alpha and IL-2 to some extent, but significantly down-regulates production of IL-4, IL-5, and IL-10 in CD4+ T cells. The introduction of a mutated cysteine motif in CD8alpha, which prevents its binding to LCK and linker for activation of T cells, did not adversely affect expression and T cell cytotoxicity, but counteracted the CD8alpha-mediated down-regulation of IL-4 and IL-5, but not IL-10. In conclusion, CD8alpha down-regulates the production of major Th2-type cytokines, in part mediated by LCK and/or linker for activation of T cells, and may induce differentiation of tumor-specific Th1 cells, which makes this coreceptor an interesting candidate to improve the clinical potential of TCR gene transfer to treat cancer.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Motifs/genetics
- CD8 Antigens/genetics
- CD8 Antigens/physiology
- CD8 Antigens/therapeutic use
- Cell Differentiation/genetics
- Cell Differentiation/immunology
- Cell Line
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cysteine/genetics
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic/genetics
- Down-Regulation/genetics
- Down-Regulation/immunology
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/immunology
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/metabolism
- Gene Transfer Techniques
- HLA-A2 Antigen/immunology
- HLA-A2 Antigen/metabolism
- Humans
- Interleukin-10/antagonists & inhibitors
- Interleukin-10/biosynthesis
- Interleukin-4/antagonists & inhibitors
- Interleukin-4/biosynthesis
- Interleukin-5/antagonists & inhibitors
- Interleukin-5/biosynthesis
- Melanoma/genetics
- Melanoma/immunology
- Melanoma/therapy
- Membrane Glycoproteins/immunology
- Membrane Glycoproteins/metabolism
- Peptide Fragments/immunology
- Peptide Fragments/metabolism
- Protein Binding/genetics
- Protein Binding/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/metabolism
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/therapeutic use
- Th1 Cells/cytology
- Th1 Cells/immunology
- Th1 Cells/metabolism
- Transduction, Genetic/methods
- gp100 Melanoma Antigen
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ralph A Willemsen
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Unit of Clinical and Tumor Immunology, Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus Medisch Centrum (MC)-Daniel den Hoed Cancer Center, 3008 AE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Graness A, Poli V, Goppelt-Struebe M. STAT3-independent inhibition of lysophosphatidic acid-mediated upregulation of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) by cucurbitacin I. Biochem Pharmacol 2006; 72:32-41. [PMID: 16707113 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2006.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2006] [Revised: 03/28/2006] [Accepted: 04/07/2006] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cucurbitacins are recognised as anti-tumour agents because of their interference with STAT3 signalling, but may also affect the integrity of the actin cytoskeleton. In the present study the effect of cucurbitacin I was investigated in fibroblasts. In these cells, cucurbitacin I interfered with lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) signalling. It inhibited tyrosine phosphorylation of focal adhesion proteins and induction of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), a potent profibrotic protein. Inhibition of Src family kinases with PP2, but not the inactive analogue PP3, also interfered with LPA-mediated tyrosine phosphorylation and induction of CTGF. Jak2-STAT3 signalling seemed to be the connecting link, because CTGF induction was sensitive to AG490, an inhibitor of Jak2, and cucurbitacin I, an inhibitor of Jak2 and STAT3. However, LPA did not activate tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT3. Furthermore, cucurbitacin I was as effective in STAT3 knock out cells as in control cells. Therefore, the inhibitory effect of cucurbitacin I was not related to inhibition of STAT3. Immunocytochemical analysis of cucurbitacin I-treated cells revealed disassembly of F-actin fibres, reorganisation into F-actin patches and resolution of focal adhesions. The phenotypic changes resembled changes observed after treatment of the cells with cytochalasin D, which has been shown to interfere with CTGF induction. Concentrations of cucurbitacin I, which have been shown to target Jak2-STAT3 signalling, thus, profoundly affect the actin cytoskeleton and may therefore modulate cell morphology, migration, adherence and gene expression also in non-tumour cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angela Graness
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Loschgestrasse 8, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Klein M, Hempstead BL, Teng KK. Activation of STAT5-dependent transcription by the neurotrophin receptor Trk. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 63:159-71. [PMID: 15702476 DOI: 10.1002/neu.20124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Neurotrophins exert many of their biological effects via the Trk receptor tyrosine kinases and require the regulated activation of distinct transcriptional and post-translational cellular events. Here we provide evidence for a novel signaling cascade from activated Trks to the transcription factor STAT5. Utilizing the STAT5 responsive element derived from the p21(WAF1/Cip1) promoter to modulate luciferase expression, neurotrophin-dependent activation of Trk A, B, and C was found to induce STAT5-mediated transcriptional response. Structure-function analysis using Trk A mutants in heterologous cells further revealed that the kinase activity and an intact phospholipase C-gamma binding site are required for STAT5 activation. In most cytokine responsive cell systems, STAT5 function is modulated by JAK2-dependent tyrosine phosphorylation. However, reconstitution studies using a JAK2 deficient cell line indicate that neurotrophin-induced STAT5 activation does not require the cognate upstream kinase JAK2. In contrast, the Src kinase inhibitor PP1 significantly abolishes STAT5-dependent transcription in Trk A expressing 293T cells and in BDNF-treated primary cortical neurons. Together these results suggest that neurotrophins may regulate neuronal gene expression via STAT5 in a JAK2 independent manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Klein
- Department of Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York 10021, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Kambhampati S, Verma A, Li Y, Parmar S, Sassano A, Platanias LC. Signalling pathways activated by all-trans-retinoic acid in acute promyelocytic leukemia cells. Leuk Lymphoma 2005; 45:2175-85. [PMID: 15512805 DOI: 10.1080/10428190410001722053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Acute promyelocytic leukemia is a form of acute myelogenous leukemia, characterized by the t(15;17) chromososmal translocation and the presence of the abnormal PML-RARalpha fusion protein. All-trans-retinoic acid is a potent agent for the treatment of this fatal subtype of AML, and is particularly effective when combined with cytotoxic chemotherapy. The important biological activities of all-trans-retinoic acid in vitro and in vivo have provoked extensive studies over the years, aimed to define the mechanisms by which it induces its antileukemic effects. It is now well established that all-trans-retinoic acid when administered at pharmacological doses can reverse the dominant-negative effects that the PML-RARalpha oncoprotein exhibits on the functions of the wild type PML and RARalpha proteins. All-trans-retinoic acid induces gene transcription via retinoic acid responsive elements (RARE) that are present in the promoters of retinoid-responsive genes that ultimately result in the production of protein products that regulate leukemic cell differentiation and induce cell-cycle arrest. There is now accumulating evidence that additional signalling pathways are activated during all-trans-retinoic acid-treatment of cells, involving Stat-proteins, tyrosine kinases and mitogen-activated protein (Map) kinases. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the signalling cascades activated by all-trans-retinoic acid in APL cells. The clinical implications and potential translational applications from the accumulating knowledge in the field are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suman Kambhampati
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center and Division of Hematology-Oncology, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Yoshida Y, Kumar A, Koyama Y, Peng H, Arman A, Boch JA, Auron PE. Interleukin 1 activates STAT3/nuclear factor-kappaB cross-talk via a unique TRAF6- and p65-dependent mechanism. J Biol Chem 2003; 279:1768-76. [PMID: 14593105 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m311498200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukins (IL) 1 and 6 are important cytokines that function via the activation, respectively, of the transcription factors NF-kappaB and STAT3. We have observed that a specific type of kappa B DNA sequence motif supports both NF-kappaB p65 homodimer binding and cooperativity with non-tyrosine-phosphorylated STAT3. This activity, in contrast to that mediated by kappaB DNA motifs that do not efficiently bind p65 homodimers, is shown to be uniquely dependent upon signal transduction through the carboxyl terminus of TRAF6. Furthermore, STAT3 and p65 are shown to physically interact, in vivo, and this interaction appears to inhibit the function of "classical" STAT3 GAS-like binding sites. The distinct p50 form of NF-kappaB is also shown to interact with STAT3. However, in contrast to p65, p50 cooperates with STAT3 bound to GAS sites. These data argue for a novel transcription factor cross-talk mechanism that may help resolve inconsistencies previously reported regarding the mechanism of IL-1 inhibition of IL-6 activity during the acute-phase response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Yoshida
- New England Baptist Bone and Joint Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and the Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Laszlo GS, Nathanson NM. Src family kinase-independent signal transduction and gene induction by leukemia inhibitory factor. J Biol Chem 2003; 278:27750-7. [PMID: 12764151 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m303670200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the interleukin-6 (IL-6) family of cytokines exert their biological effects via binding to their cognate ligand-binding receptor subunit on a target cell. The subsequent recruitment of the common signal transducer glycoprotein 130 and activation of the JAK/STAT and SHP-2/Ras/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways are responsible for the majority of cellular responses elicited by IL-6 cytokines. Several types of experiments suggest that the Src family of kinases (SFK) also participates in IL-6 family cytokine-mediated signaling events. SYF cells, which lack expression of SFKs Src, Yes, and Fyn, were used to determine the role of SFKs in IL-6 family cytokine signaling and gene induction. SYF and wild type (WT) control fibroblasts displayed similar activation of signaling intermediates following stimulation with leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF). LIF-stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation of SHP-2 and subsequent activation of MAPK in SYF cells were identical to that seen in LIF-stimulated WT cells. Both LIF-stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT1 and STAT3, as well as LIF-stimulated DNA binding activity of STAT-containing nuclear complexes were indistinguishable when compared in SYF and WT cells. In addition, the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-sensitive Akt kinase and p38 MAPK were activated by LIF in both SYF and WT cells. Furthermore, LIF-stimulated expression of c-fos, egr-1, and suppressor of cytokine signaling-3 was retained in SYF cells. The IL-6 family cytokine oncostatin M was also capable of activating MAPK, STAT3, STAT1, Akt, and p38 in both WT and SYF cells. These results demonstrate that IL-6 family cytokines can activate a full repertoire of signaling pathways and induce gene expression independent of SFKs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- George S Laszlo
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Yamasaki K, Hanakawa Y, Tokumaru S, Shirakata Y, Sayama K, Hanada T, Yoshimura A, Hashimoto K. Suppressor of cytokine signaling 1/JAB and suppressor of cytokine signaling 3/cytokine-inducible SH2 containing protein 3 negatively regulate the signal transducers and activators of transcription signaling pathway in normal human epidermal keratinocytes. J Invest Dermatol 2003; 120:571-80. [PMID: 12648219 DOI: 10.1046/j.1523-1747.2003.12100.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The suppressor of cytokine signaling/cytokine-inducible SH2 containing proteins are cytokine inducible and are negative regulators of the signal transducers and activators of the transcription signaling pathway. We investigated the mechanism regulating signal transducers and activators of transcription and the suppressor of cytokine signaling/cytokine-inducible SH2 containing protein family in keratinocytes, one of the major target cells for cytokines. Suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 mRNA was upregulated 3 h post-interferon gamma, and a 8.1-fold increase in the suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 mRNA occurred 48 h post-interferon gamma. The suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 mRNA was also upregulated from 1 h post-interferon gamma, and a 6.7-fold increase in the suppressor of cytokine signaling 3/cytokine-inducible SH2 containing protein 3 mRNA occurred between 6 and 12 h post-interferon gamma. Interleukin-6 exposure for 1 h enhanced the expression of the suppressor of cytokine signaling 3/cytokine-inducible SH2 containing protein 3 mRNA, but the suppressor of cytokine signaling 1/JAB mRNA was not induced by interleukin-6. Interleukin-4 upregulated the suppressor of cytokine signaling 1/JAB and cytokine-inducible SH2 containing protein 1 mRNA, with 3.4-fold and 5.1-fold increases in mRNA observed at 1 h post-interleukin-4, respectively. In contrast, epidermal growth factor, which phosphorylates signal transducers and activators of transcription 3, did not influence the level of the suppressor of cytokine signaling/cytokine-inducible SH2 containing protein family mRNA expression. Transfection of an adenovirus vector expressing the suppressor of cytokine signaling 1/JAB completely inhibited interferon gamma-dependent signal transducers and activators of transcription 1 phosphorylation and interleukin-4-dependent signal transducers and activators of transcription 6 phosphorylation. Transfection of adenovirus vector expressing the suppressor of cytokine signaling 1/JAB did not inhibit interleukin-6-dependent signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 phosphorylation-several reports show that the suppressor of cytokine signaling 1/JAB is a potent inhibitor of signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 signaling in the myeloid leukemia M1 cell. Transfection of the adenovirus vector expressing suppressor of cytokine signaling 3/cytokine-inducible SH2 containing protein 3 completely inhibited interleukin-6-dependent signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 phosphorylation and partially inhibited interferon gamma-dependent signal transducers and activators of transcription 1 phosphorylation. Transfection of the adenovirus vector expressing suppressor of cytokine signaling 3/cytokine-inducible SH2 containing protein 3, however, did not inhibit interleukin-4-dependent signal transducers and activators of transcription 6 phosphorylation. Transfection of the adenovirus vector expressing cytokine-inducible SH2 containing protein 1 had no effect on signal transducers and activators of transcription 1, 3, and 6 signaling in normal keratinocytes. Therefore, the relationship between signal transducers and activators of transcription and suppressor of cytokine signaling is unique in the keratinocytes, and the suppressor of cytokine signaling regulates cytokine signals in these cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenshi Yamasaki
- Department of Dermatology, Ehime University School of Medicine, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Schreiner SJ, Schiavone AP, Smithgall TE. Activation of STAT3 by the Src family kinase Hck requires a functional SH3 domain. J Biol Chem 2002; 277:45680-7. [PMID: 12244095 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m204255200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
STAT3 is a member of a family of transcription factors with Src homology 2 (SH2) domains that are activated by tyrosine phosphorylation in response to a wide variety of cytokines and growth factors. In this study, we investigated the mechanism of STAT3 activation by the Src family of nonreceptor tyrosine kinases, which have been linked to STAT activation in both normal and transformed cell types. Using Sf-9 insect cells, we demonstrate direct STAT3 tyrosine phosphorylation and stimulation of DNA binding activity by five members of the Src kinase family (Src, Hck, Lyn, Fyn, and Fgr). We also observed stable STAT3.Src family kinase complex formation in this system. Recombinant Src family kinase SH3 domains were sufficient for interaction with STAT3, suggesting a mechanistic basis for the Src kinase-STAT3 interaction. To test the contribution of Src family kinase SH3 domains to the recruitment and activation of STAT3 in vivo, we used Rat-2 fibroblasts expressing activated mutants of the myeloid Src family member Hck. Transformation of fibroblasts by an activated Hck mutant lacking the negative regulatory tail tyrosine residue (Hck-YF) induced strong DNA binding activity of endogenous STAT3. Inactivation of Hck SH3 function by Ala replacement of a conserved Trp residue (W93A mutant) completely abolished STAT3 activation by Hck-YF and reduced transforming activity by 50% without affecting Hck kinase activity. Finally, overexpression of STAT3 in Rat-2 cells transiently stimulated Hck and c-Src kinase activity in the absence of extracellular signals, an effect that was dependent upon a putative SH3 binding motif in STAT3. These results support a model in which Src family kinases recruit STAT3 through an SH3-dependent mechanism, resulting in transient kinase activation and STAT3 phosphorylation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steven J Schreiner
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Greve T, Tamgüney G, Fleischer B, Fickenscher H, Bröker BM. Downregulation of p56(lck) tyrosine kinase activity in T cells of squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus) correlates with the nontransforming and apathogenic properties of herpesvirus saimiri in its natural host. J Virol 2001; 75:9252-61. [PMID: 11533187 PMCID: PMC114492 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.75.19.9252-9261.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Herpesvirus saimiri is capable of transforming T lymphocytes of various primate species to stable growth in culture. The interaction of the T-cellular tyrosine kinase p56(lck) with the transformation-associated viral protein Tip has been shown before to activate the kinase and provides one model for the T-cell-specific transformation by herpesvirus saimiri subgroup C strains. In contrast to other primate species, squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus) are naturally infected with the virus without signs of lymphoma or other disease. Although the endogenous virus was regularly recovered from peripheral blood cells from squirrel monkeys, we observed that the T cells lost the virus genomes in culture. Superinfection with virus strain C488 did not induce growth transformation, in contrast to parallel experiments with T cells of other primate species. Surprisingly, p56(lck) was enzymatically inactive in primary T-cell lines derived from different squirrel monkeys, although the T cells reacted appropriately to stimulatory signals. The cDNA sequence revealed minor point mutations only, and transfections in COS-7 cells demonstrated that the S. sciureus lck gene codes for a functional enzyme. In S. sciureus, the tyrosine kinase p56(lck) was not activated after T-cell stimulation and enzymatic activity could not be induced by Tip of herpesvirus saimiri C488. However, the suppression of p56(lck) was partially released after administration of the phosphatase inhibitor pervanadate. This argues for unique species-specific conditions in T cells of S. sciureus which may interfere with the transforming activity and pathogenicity of herpesvirus saimiri subgroup C strains in their natural host.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Greve
- Bernhard-Nocht-Institut für Tropenmedizin, D-20359 Hamburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Aznar S, Valerón PF, del Rincon SV, Pérez LF, Perona R, Lacal JC. Simultaneous tyrosine and serine phosphorylation of STAT3 transcription factor is involved in Rho A GTPase oncogenic transformation. Mol Biol Cell 2001; 12:3282-94. [PMID: 11598209 PMCID: PMC60173 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.12.10.3282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Stats (signal transducers and activators of transcription) are latent cytoplasmic transcription factors that on a specific stimulus migrate to the nucleus and exert their transcriptional activity. Here we report a novel signaling pathway whereby RhoA can efficiently modulate Stat3 transcriptional activity by inducing its simultaneous tyrosine and serine phosphorylation. Tyrosine phosphorylation is exerted via a member of the Src family of kinases (SrcFK) and JAK2, whereas the JNK pathway mediates serine phosphorylation. Furthermore, cooperation of both tyrosine as well as serine phosphorylation is necessary for full activation of Stat3. Induction of Stat3 activity depends on the effector domain of RhoA and correlates with induction of both Src Kinase-related and JNK activities. Activation of Stat3 has biological implications. Coexpression of an oncogenic version of RhoA along with the wild-type, nontransforming Stat3 gene, significantly enhances its oncogenic activity on human HEK cells, suggesting that Stat3 is an essential component of RhoA-mediated transformation. In keeping with this, dominant negative Stat3 mutants or inhibition of its tyrosine or serine phosphorylation completely abrogate RhoA oncogenic potential. Taken together, these results indicate that Stat3 is an important player in RhoA-mediated oncogenic transformation, which requires simultaneous phosphorylation at both tyrosine and serine residues by specific signaling events triggered by RhoA effectors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Aznar
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Fan H, Rothstein TL. Lymphokine dependence of STAT3 activation produced by surface immunoglobulin cross-linking and by phorbol ester plus calcium ionophore treatment in B cells. Eur J Immunol 2001; 31:665-71. [PMID: 11180132 DOI: 10.1002/1521-4141(200102)31:2<665::aid-immu665>3.0.co;2-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Stimulation of B cells by surface immunoglobulin (sIg) triggering, or through the mitogenic combination of phorbol ester and calcium ionophore, is accompanied by activation of STAT transcription factors. The mechanism responsible for the delayed nuclear accumulation of phosphorylated STAT3 was examined in detail, focusing on the role of B cell-derived lymphokines. sIg-induced activation of STAT3 was partially inhibited in B cells obtained from IL-6- or IL-10-deficient mice, and was partially blocked by neutralizing antibodies directed against either of these lymphokines. sIg-induced STAT3 activation was completely inhibited by combining IL-6- and IL-10-specific neutralizing antibodies, or by adding individual neutralizing antibodies to B cells obtained from lymphokine-deficient animals. In contrast, IL-10 alone appeared to account for STAT3 activation resulting from B cell stimulation with phorbol ester and calcium ionophore. In keeping with these results, soluble IL-6 and IL-10 were found in supernatant fluid obtained from stimulated B cells. This work indicates that a lymphokine pathway is responsible for STAT3 activation that occurs late after B cell stimulation, and points out differences in B cell activation that result from stimulation through the antigen receptor and through pharmacological mimicry of signaling mediators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Fan
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Zhang Y, Turkson J, Carter-Su C, Smithgall T, Levitzki A, Kraker A, Krolewski JJ, Medveczky P, Jove R. Activation of Stat3 in v-Src-transformed fibroblasts requires cooperation of Jak1 kinase activity. J Biol Chem 2000; 275:24935-44. [PMID: 10823829 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m002383200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Signal transducers and activators of transcription (STATs) are latent cytoplasmic transcription factors that transduce signals from the cell membrane to the nucleus upon activation by tyrosine phosphorylation. Several protein-tyrosine kinases can induce phosphorylation of STATs in cells, including Janus kinase (JAK) and Src family kinases. One STAT family member, Stat3, is constitutively activated in Src-transformed NIH3T3 cells and is required for cell transformation. However, it is not entirely clear whether Src kinase can phosphorylate Stat3 directly or through another pathway, such as JAK family kinases. To address this question, we investigated the phosphorylation of STATs in baculovirus-infected Sf-9 insect cells in the presence of Src. Our results show that Src can tyrosine-phosphorylate Stat1 and Stat3 but not Stat5 in this system. The phosphorylated Stat1 and Stat3 proteins are functionally activated, as measured by their abilities to specifically bind DNA oligonucleotide probes. In addition, the JAK family member Jak1 efficiently phosphorylates Stat1 but not Stat3 in Sf-9 cells. By contrast, we observe that AG490, a JAK family-selective inhibitor, and dominant negative Jak1 protein can significantly inhibit Stat3-induced DNA binding activity as well as Stat3-mediated gene activation in NIH3T3 cells. Furthermore, wild-type or kinase-inactive platelet-derived growth factor receptor enhances Stat3 activation by v-Src, consistent with the receptor serving a scaffolding function for recruitment and activation of Stat3. Our results demonstrate that Src kinase is capable of activating STATs in Sf-9 insect cells without expression of JAK family members; however, Jak1 and platelet-derived growth factor receptor are required for maximal Stat3 activation by Src kinase in mammalian cells. Based on these findings, we propose a model in which Jak1 serves to recruit Stat3 to a receptor complex with Src kinase, which in turn directly phosphorylates and activates Stat3 in Src-transformed fibroblasts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Zhang
- Molecular Oncology Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Hartley DA, Cooper GM. Direct binding and activation of STAT transcription factors by the herpesvirus saimiri protein tip. J Biol Chem 2000; 275:16925-32. [PMID: 10747948 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m000709200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The Tip protein from Herpesvirus saimiri specifically binds to and activates the protein tyrosine kinase, p56(lck). It has been demonstrated that the expression of Tip in T cells is capable of inducing the DNA binding of members of the signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) family of transcription factors. We have examined the mechanism behind which STATs 1 and 3 are activated by Tip expression. Tip becomes tyrosine phosphorylated by p56(lck) at two sites in the amino-terminal tail region. One site of phosphorylation lies within a consensus YXPQ binding motif for the SH2 domains of STATs 1 and 3. We demonstrate that tyrosine phosphorylation of Tip at this site is required for the binding of STATs, and the induction of STAT dependent transcription. Furthermore, we demonstrate that, similar to STAT activation by v-Src, the optimum induction of STAT-dependent transcription by Tip requires Ras/Rac mediated signaling events.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D A Hartley
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|