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Al-Bishri WM, Mousa RMA, Alghamdi HAS. Innovative approaches for beetroot (Beta Vulgaris L.) aqueous extraction by cyclodextrins and its use to alleviate ethanol induced gastric ulcer in rats. Saudi Pharm J 2025; 33:2. [PMID: 40397039 PMCID: PMC12102054 DOI: 10.1007/s44446-025-00008-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2025] [Accepted: 02/24/2025] [Indexed: 05/22/2025] Open
Abstract
One of the most common chronic conditions of peptic ulcer is gastric ulcer (GU), which is recognized as a high-risk illness in the present-day lifestyle. Originating from Asia and Europe, Beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.) is packed with high amounts of bioactive compounds like betanin and phenolics. These contribute to its nutritional value and overall health benefits. In this work, varying concentrations (0.5% to 7% w/v) of beta-cyclodextrin (β-CD) and hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) were used to improve the efficiency of extracting beetroot components with water, using both stirring and ultrasound techniques. The presence of 5% (w/v) HP-β-CD during extraction appeared the maximum values of total phenolic compounds and betanin (3.1 mcg/mL and 3.01 mg/mL, respectively). The extraction recoveries of betanin at 5% (w/v) HP-β-CD emerging with magnetic stirring were 73%, 36% and 50% against water, ethanol and β-CD, respectively. The reproducibility of extraction procedure was found to be 0.86% relative standard deviation (RSD) indicating the highest precision of the beetroot modified HP-β-CD extraction procedure. Then, rats that had been treated with either HP-β-CD-modified aqueous extract of beetroot, omeprazole (20 mg/kg, orally administered) or both were studied to assess whether they helped reduce ethanol-induced GU. The combined treatment of HP-β-CD modified beetroot extract with omeprazole brought a significant decrease in the increased levels of serum oxidative stress malonaldehyde and nitric oxide, inflammatory markers myeloperoxidase, interleukin-10, interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α. It also restored the decreased levels of antioxidant glutathione and cyclo-protective prostaglandin E2 in comparison to the positive control. Furthermore, the proposed combination of beetroot-modified aqueous extract and omeprazole exhibited less severe histopathological damage in comparison to the positive control. Therefore, a novel synergistic pharmaceutical treatment using HP-β-CD modified aqueous extract of beetroot and omeprazole was presented to enhance GU healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Widad M Al-Bishri
- Department of Biological Sciences (Biochemistry), College of Science, University of Jeddah, P.O. 80327, 21589, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rasha M A Mousa
- Department of Biological Sciences (Biochemistry), College of Science, University of Jeddah, P.O. 80327, 21589, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Hanaa A S Alghamdi
- Department of Biological Sciences (Biochemistry), College of Science, University of Jeddah, P.O. 80327, 21589, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Bakshi J, Mishra KP. Sodium butyrate prevents lipopolysaccharide induced inflammation and restores the expression of tight junction protein in human epithelial Caco-2 cells. Cell Immunol 2025; 408:104912. [PMID: 39729961 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2024.104912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2024] [Revised: 12/13/2024] [Accepted: 12/20/2024] [Indexed: 12/29/2024]
Abstract
The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is susceptible to damage under high altitude hypoxic conditions, leading to gastrointestinal discomfort and intestinal barrier injury. Sodium butyrate, a short-chain fatty acid present as a metabolite in the gut, has emerged as a promising therapeutic agent due to its ability to act as an immunomodulatory agent and restore intestinal barrier integrity. This study aimed to explore the mechanism by which sodium butyrate exhibits anti inflammatory effect on intestinal epithelial cells. In vitro, Caco-2 epithelial cells and RAW 264.7 macrophages were used to investigate the protective role of sodium butyrate on Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced inflammation. Cell viability assays demonstrated that 1 mM (110.86 μg/mL) of sodium butyrate did not exhibit cytotoxicity on cells in vitro. Treatment with sodium butyrate suppressed reactive oxygen species levels and TNF-α production in LPS-stimulated macrophages, indicating its efficacy in mitigating inflammatory responses. Western blot analysis revealed that sodium butyrate attenuated the expression of iNOS in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. Moreover, sodium butyrate also reversed the LPS induced over expression of HIF-1α, NLRP3, IL-1β as well as NF-kB in Caco-2 epithelial cells and also had a suppressive effect on IL-8 secretion after LPS stimulation. Immunocytochemistry demonstrated that sodium butyrate enhanced tight junction protein occludin expression in Caco-2 cells while also restoring the decreased permeability of the Caco-2 monolayer due to LPS. These results indicate that sodium butyrate may influence immune responses by suppressing inflammatory mediators and improving the integrity of the epithelial barrier. Understanding the intricate interactions between gut metabolites and host immune responses may help in the development of innovative therapeutic strategies to alleviate intestinal inflammation in high altitude environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyotsana Bakshi
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Delhi 110054, India
| | - K P Mishra
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Delhi 110054, India.
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Tang MDQ, Tran NB, Nguyen THT, Nguyen KUH, Trinh NT, Van Vo T, Kobayashi M, Yoshitomi T, Nagasaki Y, Vong LB. Development of oral pH-sensitive redox nanotherapeutics for gastric ulcer therapy. J Control Release 2024; 375:758-766. [PMID: 39326501 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.09.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 09/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024]
Abstract
Gastric ulcer is a common gastrointestinal disorder worldwide. Although its pathogenesis is unclear, the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which results in an oxidative imbalance, has been reported as a central driving mechanism. Within the scope of this investigation, we developed two different self-assembling redox nanoparticles (RNPs) with ROS-scavenging features for the oral treatment of gastric ulcers. One of them, referred to as RNPN, disintegrates in response to acidic pH, whereas the other, denoted as RNPO, remains intact regardless of pH variations. Both types of RNPs showed different free radical scavenging activities in vitro. Protonation of the amino linkages in the side chains of RNPN caused the micelle structure to collapse and the nitroxide radicals encapsulated in the core were exposed to the outside, resulting in a significant increase in antioxidant capacity as the pH decreases. In contrast, RNPO maintained its spherical structure and consistent antioxidant reactivity irrespective of pH changes. The in vivo gastric retention of orally administered RNPN was significantly improved compared to that of RNPO which might be explained by the increased exposure of cationic protonating segments in RNPN on the negatively charged gastric mucosal surface. Owing to its improved gastric retention and enhanced ROS scavenging capacity under acidic pH conditions, RNPN exhibited superior protective effects against oxidative stress induced by aspirin in a gastric ulcer mouse model compared to RNPO. In addition, neither RNPN nor RNPO resulted in severe lethal effects or significant changes in the morphology of zebrafish embryos, indicating their biosafety. Our results suggest that the oral administration of RNPs has a high therapeutic potential for gastric ulcer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minh-Dat Quoc Tang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, International University, Ho Chi Minh 700000, Viet Nam; Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City (VNU-HCM), Ho Chi Minh 700000, Viet Nam
| | - Nhi Bao Tran
- School of Biomedical Engineering, International University, Ho Chi Minh 700000, Viet Nam; Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City (VNU-HCM), Ho Chi Minh 700000, Viet Nam
| | - Thu-Ha Thi Nguyen
- School of Biomedical Engineering, International University, Ho Chi Minh 700000, Viet Nam; Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City (VNU-HCM), Ho Chi Minh 700000, Viet Nam
| | - Khanh-Uyen Hoang Nguyen
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City (VNU-HCM), Ho Chi Minh 700000, Viet Nam; Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Science Ho Chi Minh 700000, Viet Nam
| | - Nhu-Thuy Trinh
- School of Biomedical Engineering, International University, Ho Chi Minh 700000, Viet Nam; Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City (VNU-HCM), Ho Chi Minh 700000, Viet Nam
| | - Toi Van Vo
- School of Biomedical Engineering, International University, Ho Chi Minh 700000, Viet Nam; Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City (VNU-HCM), Ho Chi Minh 700000, Viet Nam
| | - Makoto Kobayashi
- Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Toru Yoshitomi
- Research Center for Macromolecules and Biomaterials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan
| | - Yukio Nagasaki
- Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennoudai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan; Master's School of Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennoudai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan; Center for Research in Radiation and Earth System Science (CRiES), University of Tsukuba, Tennoudai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan; Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan; High-Value Biomaterials Research and Commercialization Center (HBRCC), National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan.
| | - Long Binh Vong
- School of Biomedical Engineering, International University, Ho Chi Minh 700000, Viet Nam; Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City (VNU-HCM), Ho Chi Minh 700000, Viet Nam.
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Flores JA, Antonio JM, Suntornsaratoon P, Meadows V, Bandyopadhyay S, Han J, Singh R, Balasubramanian I, Upadhyay R, Liu Y, Bonder EM, Kiela P, Su X, Ferraris R, Gao N. The arginine and nitric oxide metabolic pathway regulate the gut colonization and expansion of Ruminococcous gnavus. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107614. [PMID: 39089585 PMCID: PMC11387683 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Ruminococcus gnavus is a mucolytic commensal bacterium whose increased gut colonization has been associated with chronic inflammatory and metabolic diseases in humans. Whether R. gnavus metabolites can modulate host intestinal physiology remains largely understudied. We performed untargeted metabolomic and bulk RNA-seq analyses using R. gnavus monocolonization in germ-free mice. Based on transcriptome-metabolome correlations, we tested the impact of specific arginine metabolites on intestinal epithelial production of nitric oxide (NO) and examined the effect of NO on the growth of various strains of R. gnavus in vitro and in nitric oxide synthase 2 (Nos2)-deficient mice. R. gnavus produces specific arginine, tryptophan, and tyrosine metabolites, some of which are regulated by the environmental richness of sialic acid and mucin. R. gnavus colonization promotes expression of amino acid transporters and enzymes involved in metabolic flux of arginine and associated metabolites into NO. R. gnavus induced elevated levels of NOS2, while Nos2 ablation resulted in R. gnavus expansion in vivo. The growth of various R. gnavus strains can be inhibited by NO. Specific R. gnavus metabolites modulate intestinal epithelial cell NOS2 abundance and reduce epithelial barrier function at higher concentrations. Intestinal colonization and interaction with R. gnavus are partially regulated by an arginine-NO metabolic pathway, whereby a balanced control by the gut epithelium may restrain R. gnavus growth in healthy individuals. Disruption in this arginine metabolic regulation will contribute to the expansion and blooming of R. gnavus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan A Flores
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Jayson M Antonio
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neurosciences, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Panan Suntornsaratoon
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neurosciences, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Vik Meadows
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neurosciences, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | | | - Jiangmeng Han
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neurosciences, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Rajbir Singh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | | | - Ravij Upadhyay
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neurosciences, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Yue Liu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Edward M Bonder
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Pawel Kiela
- Daniel Cracchiolo Institute for Pediatric Autoimmune Disease Research, Steele Children's Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Xiaoyang Su
- Department of Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Ronaldo Ferraris
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neurosciences, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, USA.
| | - Nan Gao
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neurosciences, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, USA.
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Akash SR, Tabassum A, Aditee LM, Rahman A, Hossain MI, Hannan MA, Uddin MJ. Pharmacological insight of rutin as a potential candidate against peptic ulcer. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 177:116961. [PMID: 38901206 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Peptic ulcer is a sore on the stomach lining that results from the erosion of the gastrointestinal tract mucosa due to various influencing factors. Of these, Helicobacter pylori infection and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) stand out as the most prominent causes. This condition poses a significant global health concern due to its widespread impact on individuals worldwide. While various treatment strategies have been employed, including proton pump inhibitors and histamine-2 receptor antagonists, these have notable side effects and limitations. Thus, there is a pressing need for new treatments to address this global health issue. Rutin, a natural flavonoid, exhibits a range of biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and antioxidant properties. This review explores the potential anti-ulcer effect of rutin in experimental models and how rutin can be a better alternative for treating peptic ulcers. We used published literature from different online databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus. This work highlights the abundance of rutin in various natural sources and its potential as a promising option for peptic ulcer treatment. Notably, the anti-inflammatory properties of rutin, which involve inhibiting inflammatory mediators and the COX-2 enzyme, are emphasized. While acknowledging the potential of rutin, it is important to underscore the necessity for further research to fully delineate its therapeutic potential and clinical applicability in managing peptic ulcers and ultimately improving patient outcomes. This review on the anti-ulcer potential of rutin opened a new door for further study in the field of alternative medicine in peptic ulcer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajidur Rahman Akash
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangladesh University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh; ABEx Bio-Research Center, East Azampur, Dhaka 1230, Bangladesh
| | - Afrida Tabassum
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Jagannath University, Dhaka 1100, Bangladesh
| | - Lamisa Manha Aditee
- Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences (MNS), BRAC University, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Abidur Rahman
- Sir Salimullah Medical College Mitford Hospital, Dhaka 1100, Bangladesh
| | - Md Imran Hossain
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Md Abdul Hannan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2200, Bangladesh
| | - Md Jamal Uddin
- ABEx Bio-Research Center, East Azampur, Dhaka 1230, Bangladesh.
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Hassan HM, Elsaed WM, Elzeiny D, Habotta OA, Eleraky ES, Nashar EME, Alghamdi MA, Aldahhan RA, Alzahrani MA, Saleh Alamari AM, Hamza E. Modulatory effects of Moringa oleifera leaf extract on sodium nitrate-induced experimental colitis via regulation of P53, Ki-67 and PCNA biomarkers. Tissue Cell 2024; 88:102327. [PMID: 38493756 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2024.102327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ulcerative colitis is a risk factor for colorectal carcinoma. Different mechanisms are related to colitis like apoptosis and hyperproliferation. Moringa oleifera leaves extract (MO) provides a promising option to overcome the risk. PURPOSE To examine the colonic changes in a rat model of colitis induced by sodium nitrate (SN) and study the effects of MO. STUDY DESIGN Eight adult male rats were allocated in each of the three group; control (distilled water), SN (100 mg/kg/day, orally via gastric gavage), and SN + MO (100 mg/kg/day, orally via gastric gavage). METHODS Body weight was measured after the end of the experiment. Colonic homogenates were tested for levels of oxidative stress indicators. Immunohistochemistry for P53, PCNA and Ki-67 was performed. Fresh colon specimens were used for quantitative real-time PCR for assessment of P53, PCNA and Ki-67 gene expression. RESULTS SN group revealed a significant decreased weight (p = 0.002). MDA and NO levels were higher with SN administration than with MO co-administration (p= 0.04, 0.01 respectively). GSH level was reduced in SN group (p = 0.02) and significantly increased with MO intake (p = 0.04). SN-induced colonic destructive changes were reversed with MO. P53, PCNA and Ki-67 levels of gene expression were reduced in SN + MO group than SN group (P = 0.007, 0.02, 0.001 respectively). CONCLUSION MO protected the colonic mucosa against SN-induced changes regulating apoptosis, and cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hend M Hassan
- Human Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt; Human Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine, New Mansoura University, Egypt.
| | - Wael M Elsaed
- Human Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt; Human Anatomy and Embryology Department, National Mansoura University, Gamasa, Egypt.
| | - Dina Elzeiny
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt; Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, New Mansoura University, Egypt.
| | - Ola Ali Habotta
- Forensic Medicine and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt.
| | - Elshimaa S Eleraky
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Horus University, Damietta, Egypt.
| | - Eman Mohamed El Nashar
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mansour Abdullah Alghamdi
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia; Genomics and Personalized Medicine Unit, The Center for Medical and Health Research, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Rashid A Aldahhan
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 2114, Dammam 31451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohammed Attieh Alzahrani
- Internal Medicine Department, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia.
| | | | - Eman Hamza
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt; Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Horus University, New Damietta, Egypt.
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Sana T, Khan M, Siddiqui BS, Baig TA, Jabeen A, Begum S, Hadda TB, Shah L. Anti-inflammatory and urease inhibitory iridoid glycosides from Nyctanthes arbor-tristis Linn. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 319:117368. [PMID: 38380570 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Nyctanthes arbor-tristis Linn. has been used by Ayruvedic physicians for the cure of different diseases including ulcers, gastric and inflammatory diseases. AIM OF THE STUDY To isolate and identify compounds from this source and investigate their therapeutic potential for the treatment of gastric ulcer and related disorders. MATERIAL AND METHODS The ethanol extract of fresh aerial parts of N. arbor-tristis was used in the present studies which was subjected to a bio-assay guided fractionation followed by chromatographic separations. The structures of pure compounds were elucidated using various spectroscopic techniques. The inhibition of urease enzyme was evaluated by weatherburn indophenol method. Molecular docking studies were determined by using Molecular Operating Environment (MOE) version 2020.0901 version. The intracellular ROS production from phagocytes was determined by chemiluminescence assay and NO generation was detected by Griess method. The proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α was quantified by ELISA. Cytotoxic activity was assessed by MTT assay. RESULTS One previously undescribed iridoid glycoside arborside F (1) and four known iridoid glycosides arborside A (2), arborside C (3), loganin (4) and 7-O-trans-cinnamoyl-6β-hydroxyloganin (5) were isolated and characterized in the present studies and their urease inhibitory activity was determined. Among these, 2 and 5 showed strong urease inhibition (IC50 = 12.1 ± 1.74 and 14.1 ± 0.59 μM respectively) (standard acetohydroxamic acid IC50 = 20.3 ± 0.42 μM), whereas rest of compounds showed moderate to low inhibition. Kinetic studies revealed that compounds 2 and 5 possess competitive type of inhibition. Molecular docking showed polar and non-polar interactions of compounds 2 and 5 with urease enzyme residues. Compounds 2 and 3 showed inhibition of ROS from whole blood (IC50 = 1.6 ± 0.3 and 2.5 ± 0.09 μg/mL respectively) and PMNs (IC50 = 1.5 ± 0.03 and 1.4 ± 0.0 μg/mL respectively). Compound 2 significantly inhibited nitric oxide and proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α (IC50 = 18.2 ± 3.0 and 73.8 ± 6.6 μg/mL respectively). Compounds 1, 4 and 5 were inactive on ROS. All isolated compounds were non-toxic on normal mouse fibroblasts (NIH-3T3) cells. CONCLUSIONS The ethno pharmacological repute of N. arbor-tristis in treating gastric and anti-inflammatory ailments is supported by present studies which resulted in isolation of a potent urease inhibitory and anti-inflammatory agent arborside A (2) a potential anti-ulcer and anti-inflammatory drug lead.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talea Sana
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Majid Khan
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Bina S Siddiqui
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan; Pakistan Academy of Sciences, 3-Constitution Avenue, G-5/2, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Tariq Ahmad Baig
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Almas Jabeen
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Sabira Begum
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Taibi B Hadda
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Matériaux, Facultédes Sciences, Université Mohammed Premier, 60000, Oujda, Morocco
| | - Luqman Shah
- Hazara University, Mansehra, 21300, Pakistan
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8
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Pessoa RT, Alcântara IS, da Silva LYS, da Costa RHS, Silva TM, de Morais Oliveira-Tintino CD, Ramos AGB, de Oliveira MRC, Martins AOBPB, de Lacerda BCGV, de Andrade EM, Ribeiro-Filho J, Gonçalves Lima CM, Coutinho HDM, Menezes IRAD. Ximenia americana L.: Chemical Characterization and Gastroprotective Effect. ANALYTICA 2023; 4:141-158. [DOI: 10.3390/analytica4020012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2025] Open
Abstract
Ximenia americana L., popularly known in Brazil as “ameixa do-mato, ameixa-brava, and ameixa-do-sertão,” is widely used in folk medicine to treat several intestinal disorders. The present study assessed the potential mechanisms of action underlying the gastroprotective activity of the hydroethanolic extract of Ximenia americana L. (EHXA) stem bark. The acute toxicity of EHXA was estimated, and later, the gastroprotective effect in mice was assessed through acute models of gastric lesions induced by acidified or absolute ethanol and indomethacin, where the following mechanisms were pharmacologically analyzed: the involvement of prostaglandins (PG), histamine (H2) receptors, ATP-dependent potassium channels, sulfhydryl groups (SH), α2 adrenergic receptors, nitric oxide (NO), myeloperoxidase (MPO), gastric mucus production, and acetylcholine-mediated intestinal motility. Regarding toxicity, EHXA did not cause deaths or signs of toxicity (LD50 greater than or equal to 2000 mg/kg/p.o.). When the gastroprotective effect was assessed, EHXA (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg/p.o.) reduced the rate of lesions induced by acidified ethanol by 65.63; 53.66, and 58.02% in absolute ethanol at 88.91, 78.82, and 74.68%, respectively, when compared to the negative control group. In the indomethacin-induced gastric injury model, the reductions were 84.69, 55.99, 55.99, and 42.50%, respectively. The study revealed that EHXA might stimulate mucus production and reduce intestinal motility through SH groups, NO production, and activation of α2 adrenergic receptors. The results indicated that EHXA had significant gastroprotective activity in the evaluated models. However, further investigation is required to elucidate the cellular and molecular events underlying the action of EHXA components and to correlate them with the modulation of the signaling pathways, as demonstrated by the current pharmacological approach. Therefore, the results demonstrated in the present study, as well as previously reported findings, support the recommendation of using this species in traditional communities in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Torres Pessoa
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Molecular Chemistry, Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri, Rua Coronel Antônio Luis 1161, Crato 63105-000, CE, Brazil
| | - Isabel Sousa Alcântara
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Molecular Chemistry, Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri, Rua Coronel Antônio Luis 1161, Crato 63105-000, CE, Brazil
| | - Lucas Yure Santos da Silva
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Molecular Chemistry, Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri, Rua Coronel Antônio Luis 1161, Crato 63105-000, CE, Brazil
| | - Roger Henrique Souza da Costa
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Molecular Chemistry, Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri, Rua Coronel Antônio Luis 1161, Crato 63105-000, CE, Brazil
| | - Tarcísio Mendes Silva
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Molecular Chemistry, Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri, Rua Coronel Antônio Luis 1161, Crato 63105-000, CE, Brazil
| | - Cícera Datiane de Morais Oliveira-Tintino
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri, Rua Coronel Antônio Luis 1161, Crato 63105-000, CE, Brazil
| | - Andreza Guedes Barbosa Ramos
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Molecular Chemistry, Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri, Rua Coronel Antônio Luis 1161, Crato 63105-000, CE, Brazil
| | - Maria Rayane Correia de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Molecular Chemistry, Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri, Rua Coronel Antônio Luis 1161, Crato 63105-000, CE, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Biotechnology-Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), State University of Ceará (UECE), Av. Dr. Silas Munguba, 1700, Fortaleza 60741-000, CE, Brazil
| | - Anita Oliveira Brito Pereira Bezerra Martins
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Molecular Chemistry, Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri, Rua Coronel Antônio Luis 1161, Crato 63105-000, CE, Brazil
| | | | | | - Jaime Ribeiro-Filho
- Department of Biotechnology, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Fiocruz Ceará, Eusébio, Fortaleza 60180-190, CE, Brazil
| | | | - Henrique Douglas Melo Coutinho
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri, Rua Coronel Antônio Luis 1161, Crato 63105-000, CE, Brazil
| | - Irwin Rose Alencar de Menezes
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Molecular Chemistry, Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri, Rua Coronel Antônio Luis 1161, Crato 63105-000, CE, Brazil
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Malek Mahdavi A, Javadivala Z, Khalili Y, Khalili M. Effects of Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) on inflammatory mediators: a systematic review of preclinical studies. Inflammopharmacology 2023; 31:241-251. [PMID: 36331709 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-022-01091-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the current systematic review was to gather the researches about the effect of quinoa (chenopodium quinoa) on inflammatory parameters interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). Search was performed using PubMed, Scopus, WOS, ProQuest, and Google scholar databases without any restriction on language or publication date until July 2022 and search alert services were used to detect novel papers published after the initial search. Only 20 animal and in vitro investigations were eligible for this systematic review. According to in vitro researches and 8 of 14 animal investigations, IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α level decreased remarkably after quinoa administration, which indicates the capability of quinoa in alleviating inflammatory factors. Quinoa is favorable but not yet a confirmed agent for alleviating systemic inflammation in inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Malek Mahdavi
- Connective Tissue Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Tuberculosis and Lung Disease Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Rahat Breathe and Sleep Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Zeinab Javadivala
- Department of Health Education & Promotion, Faculty of Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Yeganeh Khalili
- Faculty of Dentistry, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Majid Khalili
- Rahat Breathe and Sleep Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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10
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Akmal MN, Abdel Aziz I, Nur Azlina MF. Piper sarmentosum Roxb. methanolic extract prevents stress-induced gastric ulcer by modulating oxidative stress and inflammation. Front Pharmacol 2023; 13:971443. [PMID: 36712695 PMCID: PMC9879357 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.971443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the gastroprotective effect of Piper sarmentosum (PS) on stress-induced gastric ulcers in rats by measuring its effect on oxidative stress, gastric mucosal nitric oxide (NO), and inflammatory biomarkers. Twenty-eight male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups; two control groups (non-stress and stress) and two treated groups supplemented with either methanolic PS extract (500 mg/kg body weight) or omeprazole (OMZ; 20 mg/kg) orally. After 28 days of treatment, the stress control, PS, and OMZ groups were subjected to water-immersion restrain stress (WIRS) for 3.5 h. Gastric tissue malondialdehyde (MDA), NO, superoxide dismutase (SOD), inducible NO synthase (iNOS), SOD mRNA, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6 levels were measured. WIRS significantly increased gastric MDA, NO, and pro-inflammatory cytokine levels compared to the non-stressed control group. PS and omeprazole supplementation significantly reduced WIRS-exposure-induced gastric ulcers and MDA, iNOS, and IL-1β levels. However, only PS reduced NO, TNF-α, and IL-6 levels, which were upregulated in this ulcer model. In conclusion, the gastroprotection afforded by PS is possibly mediated by gastric mucosal NO normalization through reduced iNOS expression and attenuation of inflammatory cytokines. PS showed a greater protective effect than omeprazole in reducing gastric lesions and NO, TNF-α, and IL-6 levels, and iNOS expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhamad Nurul Akmal
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, UKM Medical Centre, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ibrahim Abdel Aziz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Fahami Nur Azlina
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, UKM Medical Centre, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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11
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Mohamed YT, Naguib IA, Abo-Saif AA, Elkomy MH, Alghamdi BS, Mohamed WR. Role of ADMA/DDAH-1 and iNOS/eNOS signaling in the gastroprotective effect of tadalafil against indomethacin-induced gastric injury. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 150:113026. [PMID: 35658250 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)-induced gastric ulcers represent a significant clinical concern and adversely affect the quality of life. Inducible nitric oxide synthase/endothelial nitric oxide synthase (iNOS/eNOS) and asymmetric dimethylarginine/ dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase-1 (ADMA/DDAH-1) signaling are key players in gastric ulcer pathogenesis. This work was planned to explore the role of iNOS/eNOS and ADMA/DDAH-1 signaling in rats with indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer, as potential pathways for the gastro-protective effect of tadalafil. Split into 5 separate groups, rats were assigned to control, tadalafil (10 mg/kg, p.o), indomethacin (single oral dose of 60 mg/kg), indomethacin + pantoprazole (40 mg/kg, p.o), and indomethacin + tadalafil (10 mg/kg, p.o). The results indicated that pretreatment with tadalafil significantly reduced ulcer index (UI), increased preventive index (PI), and counteracted indomethacin-induced histopathological aberrations. Tadalafil significantly reduced the gastric content of NO while it significantly elevated that of GSH and enhanced SOD activity. It significantly reduced the gastric expression of TNF-α and ADMA while it significantly elevated that of COX-2, PGE-2, and DDAH-1. Western blot analysis revealed that pretreatment with tadalafil significantly reduced iNOS protein expression while it significantly elevated that of eNOS. Collectively, these data suggest that tadalafil exerts potential protective effect against indomethacin-induced ulcer through suppression of inflammation, attenuation of oxidative stress, and boosting of antioxidants. Moreover, tadalafil protective effects are mediated via upregulation of PGE-2 with modulating the signaling pathways of ADMA/DDAH-1, and iNOS/eNOS. As a result, the current evidence corroborates the use of tadalafil in controlling gastric ulcers and preventing NSAID gastric side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmin T Mohamed
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt.
| | - Ibrahim A Naguib
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ali A Abo-Saif
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt.
| | - Mohammed H Elkomy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Badrah S Alghamdi
- Department of Physiology, Neuroscience Unit, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22252, Saudi Arabia; Pre-Clinical Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Wafaa R Mohamed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt.
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Sepia officinalis ink mitigates gastric ulcer via modulation of antioxidant/anti-inflammatory pathways. BENI-SUEF UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF BASIC AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s43088-022-00242-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Sepia officinalis ink is a bioactive secondary metabolite rich in melanin granules, which has a wide range of nutritional and therapeutic values and also has been used to prevent various gastrointestinal disorders. Gastric ulcer, the most common gastrointestinal disease, is characterized by severe gastric mucosa damage, and its prevention is currently one of the main goals of clinical and experimental studies. Thus, the present study was focused on evaluating the potential gastroprotective efficacy of Sepia officinalis ink extract (SOIE) against ethanol-induced gastric ulcer in rats.
Results
The current results revealed that SOIE administration at the two selected doses improved significantly gastric mucosa integrity as indicated by the significant (P < 0.05) amelioration in gastric secretion indices (pH and volume) and the marked decrease in the ulcer index. Moreover, SOIE could counteract the gastric oxidative stress induced by ethanol via a marked decline in malondialdehyde content as well as a significant (P < 0.05) increment in glutathione content and antioxidant enzymes activities (catalase and glutathione-s-transferase). Additionally, SOIE treatment caused a significant (P < 0.05) reduction in gastric nitric oxide content. Respecting morphological and histopathological studies, SOIE treatment at 200 mg/kg body weight caused marked healing of gastric lesions as indicated by no hemorrhagic bands or injuries observed as well as significantly reduced severity score of ulcer.
Conclusions
SOIE could be used as a promising alternative antiulcerogenic compound to treat severe gastric lesions.
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Kim KJ, Kim E, Kang WS, Jeon M, Choi H, Lee KH, Kim MH, Kim JS, Na CS, Kim S. SR-5, the specific ratio of Korean multi-herbal formula: An evaluation of antiulcerogenic effects on experimentally induced gastric ulcers in mice. Dose Response 2021; 19:15593258211044329. [PMID: 34690616 PMCID: PMC8532236 DOI: 10.1177/15593258211044329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Previously, we demonstrated that the specific ratio of Korean multi-herbal formula (SR-5) exhibits hepatoprotective properties against ethanol-induced hepatic damage in rats. Chronic and excessive alcohol consumption is a major etiological factor involved in gastric disease and ulcer development induced by the inflammatory response and oxidative stress. Methods The present study evaluated the gastroprotective effects of SR-5 (100, 150, and 200 mg/kg) against hydrochloride acid/ethanol (HCl/EtOH)-induced and indomethacin/hydrochloride acid (INDO/HCl)-induced gastritis in a mouse model and the mechanisms involved. Results All the tested doses of SR-5 significantly inhibited gastric lesions in the HCl/EtOH-induced ulcer model mice. Similarly, all the tested doses of SR-5 significantly inhibited gastric lesions in the INDO/HCl-induced ulcer model mice. Furthermore, mice pretreated with SR-5 had significantly increased gastric levels of enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants, namely, catalase (CAT) and glutathione (GSH), with concomitant reductions in malondialdehyde (MDA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels compared with those in the HCl/EtOH or INDO/HCl group. SR-5 suppressed the expression of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB)/p65, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) to their normal values. Conclusion These findings are the first to demonstrate the powerful protective effect of SR-5 against gastric injury development and provide hope for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyeong Jo Kim
- Central R&D Center, B&Tech Co., Ltd, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Kim
- Central R&D Center, B&Tech Co., Ltd, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Wan Seok Kang
- Central R&D Center, B&Tech Co., Ltd, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Mijin Jeon
- Central R&D Center, B&Tech Co., Ltd, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hakjoon Choi
- Central R&D Center, B&Tech Co., Ltd, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Hoon Lee
- Central R&D Center, B&Tech Co., Ltd, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Hyeon Kim
- Central R&D Center, B&Tech Co., Ltd, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Seok Kim
- Central R&D Center, B&Tech Co., Ltd, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Su Na
- College of Korean Medicine, Dongshin University, Naju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunoh Kim
- Central R&D Center, B&Tech Co., Ltd, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
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14
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Gastroprotective effects of extract of Jasminum grandiflorum L. flower in HCl/EtOH-induced gastric mucosal ulceration mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 144:112268. [PMID: 34634558 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Jasminum grandiflorum L. is a medicinal plant used to treat hepatitis and gastritis, but the mechanisms underlying its protective effects against gastrointestinal mucosal damage remain to be elucidated. In this study, we analyzed the effects of four different extracts and two compounds from the flower of J. grandiflorum in a mouse model of HCl/EtOH-induced gastric ulcer. The flower extracts alleviated gastric mucosal ulceration by increasing PGE2 production and the activity of antioxidant enzymes, along with the suppression of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, lipid peroxidation, apoptosis-related proteins, pro-inflammatory cytokines and nitric oxide (NO) production.
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15
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Abd El-Rady NM, Dahpy MA, Ahmed A, Elgamal DA, Hadiya S, Ahmed MAM, Sayed ZEAA, Abdeltawab D, Abdelmohsen AS, Farrag AAM, Ashmawy AM, Khairallah MK, Galal HM. Interplay of Biochemical, Genetic, and Immunohistochemical Factors in the Etio-Pathogenesis of Gastric Ulcer in Rats: A Comparative Study of the Effect of Pomegranate Loaded Nanoparticles Versus Pomegranate Peel Extract. Front Physiol 2021; 12:649462. [PMID: 33833690 PMCID: PMC8021798 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.649462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Few data are available about the role of herbal extract loaded nanoparticles as an alternative safe medicine for the management of a gastric ulcer. Aim This work is targeted at exploring the physiological effects of pomegranate loaded nanoparticles (PLN) against an indomethacin IND-induced gastric ulcer and comparing the results with traditional pomegranate peel extract (PPE). Methods Twenty-four rats were equally distributed into four groups: control, IND-treated, PLN-treated, and PPE-treated groups. Gross examination of gastric mucosa, and the calculation of ulcer and inhibition indices were done. Serum malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), interleukin 2 (IL-2), IL-6, IL-10, gastric homogenate prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and nitric oxide (NO) were estimated. Mucosal endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS mRNA) expression was identified by qPCR. Histological and immuno-histochemical staining of Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and eNOS of stomach mucosa were performed. Results In comparison with the control group, IND-treated rats showed visible multiple ulcers with ulcer index, serum MDA, IL-2 and IL-6 were elevated while IL-10, PGE2, NO, and eNOS mRNA expression were significantly reduced. Damaged surface epithelium with disrupted glandular architecture and heavy leucocyte infiltration of lamina propria was noticed. Immunohistochemical staining of stomach mucosa revealed marked increased TNF-α and reduced eNOS. Oral administration of PLN and PPE succeeded in improving the gross mucosal picture, and all biochemical, histological, and immunohistochemical alterations. Conclusion Both PLN and PPE potently alleviated IND-induced gastric ulceration via increasing TAC, PGE2, NO, eNOS mRNA, and protein expression. However, the healing effect of PLN was obviously greater than PPE-treated rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nessren M Abd El-Rady
- Medical Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.,Medical Physiology Department, Sphinx University, New Assiut, Egypt
| | - Marwa A Dahpy
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Amel Ahmed
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Dalia A Elgamal
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Safy Hadiya
- Assiut International Center of Nanomedicine, Al-Rajhy Liver Hospital, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Mai A M Ahmed
- Department of Pharmcognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Zain El-Abdeen Ahmed Sayed
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Assiut University Hospital, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Doaa Abdeltawab
- Tropical Medicine and Gastroenterology Department, Alrajhi Hospital, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Shawkat Abdelmohsen
- Tropical Medicine and Gastroenterology Department, Alrajhi Hospital, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Alshaimaa Abdelkhaliq Mohammad Farrag
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.,Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Bisha, Bisha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M Ashmawy
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Assiut University Hospital, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Marwa K Khairallah
- Nephrology and Internal Medicine, Assiut University, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Heba M Galal
- Medical Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.,Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
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16
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Liu W, Feng H, Zheng S, Xu S, Massey IY, Zhang C, Wang X, Yang F. Pb Toxicity on Gut Physiology and Microbiota. Front Physiol 2021; 12:574913. [PMID: 33746764 PMCID: PMC7970193 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.574913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Lead (Pb) is a toxic heavy metal, having profound threats to the global population. Multiple organs such as kidney, and liver, as well as nervous, hematologic, and reproductive systems, are commonly considered the targets of Pb toxicity. Increasing researches reported that the effects of Pb on gastrointestinal tracts are equally intensive, especially on intestinal microbiota. This review summarized Pb toxicity on gut physiology and microbiota in different animal models and in humans, of which the alterations may further have effects on other organs in host. To be more specific, Pb can impair gut barrier and increase gut permeability, which make inflammatory cytokines, immunologic factors, as well as microbial metabolites such as bile acids (BA) and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) enter the enterohepatic circulation easily, and finally induce multiple systematic lesion. In addition, we emphasized that probiotic treatment may be one of the feasible and effective strategies for preventing Pb toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenya Liu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hai Feng
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shuilin Zheng
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shuaishuai Xu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Isaac Yaw Massey
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chengcheng Zhang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Fei Yang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, University of South China, Hengyang, China
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Raish M, Shahid M, Bin Jardan YA, Ansari MA, Alkharfy KM, Ahad A, Abdelrahman IA, Ahmad A, Al-Jenoobi FI. Gastroprotective Effect of Sinapic Acid on Ethanol-Induced Gastric Ulcers in Rats: Involvement of Nrf2/HO-1 and NF-κB Signaling and Antiapoptotic Role. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:622815. [PMID: 33716749 PMCID: PMC7946842 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.622815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: In the current study, we evaluated the therapeutic potential of sinapic acid (SA) in terms of the mechanism underlying its gastroprotective action against ethanol-induced gastric ulcers in rats. Methods: These effects were examined through gross macroscopic evaluation of the stomach cavity [gastric ulcer index (GUI)], alteration in pH, gastric juice volume, free acidity, total acidity, total gastric wall mucus, and changes in PGE2. In addition, we evaluated lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde), antioxidant systems (catalase and glutathione), inflammatory markers [tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), and myeloperoxidase (MPO)], apoptotic markers (caspase-3, Bax, and Bcl-2), nuclear factor-κB [NF-κB (p65)], NO levels, and histopathological staining (H and E and PAS). Results: In rats with ethanol-induced ulcers, pre-treatment with SA (40 mg/kg p. o.) decreased the sternness of ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injuries by decreasing the GUI, gastric juice volume, free acidity, and total acidity. In addition, the pH and total gastric mucosa were increased, together with histopathological alteration, neutrophil incursion, and increases in PGE2 and NO2. These effects were similar to those observed for omeprazole, a standard anti-ulcer drug. SA was shown to suppress gastric inflammation through decreasing TNF-α, IL-6, and MPO, as well as curbing gastric oxidative stress through the inhibition of lipid peroxidation (MDA) and restoration of depleted glutathione and catalase activity. SA inhibited Bcl-2-associated X (Bax) and caspase-3 activity, and restored the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2; these findings indicate the antiapoptotic potential of SA, leading to enhanced cell survival. SA also repressed NF-κB signaling and increased IκBα. Moreover, SA upregulated the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), thereby restoring depleted antioxidant defense enzymes and implicating the NRF2/HO-1 signaling pathways. Conclusion: These results suggest that the prophylactic administration of SA (40 mg/kg) can ameliorate ethanol-induced gastric ulcers in rats primarily via the modulation of Nrf2/HO-1 and NF-κB signaling and subsequent enhancement of cell viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Raish
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mudassar Shahid
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yousef A Bin Jardan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mushtaq Ahmad Ansari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid M Alkharfy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdul Ahad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Ajaz Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad I Al-Jenoobi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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18
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Hsieh SY, Lian YZ, Lin IH, Yang YC, Tinkov AA, Skalny AV, Chao JCJ. Combined Lycium babarum polysaccharides and C-phycocyanin increase gastric Bifidobacterium relative abundance and protect against gastric ulcer caused by aspirin in rats. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2021; 18:4. [PMID: 33407626 PMCID: PMC7789774 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-020-00538-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as aspirin are used for the treatment of cardiovascular disease. Chronic use of low-dose aspirin is associated with the occurrence of gastric ulcer. The aim of this study was to investigate the healing potential of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides (LBP) from Chinese Goji berry and C-phycocyanin (CPC) from Spirulina platensis on gastric ulcer in rats. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into five groups: normal, aspirin (700 mg/kg bw), LBP (aspirin + 100 mg/kg bw/d LBP), CPC (aspirin + 50 mg/kg bw/d CPC), and MIX (aspirin + 50 mg/kg bw/d LBP + 25 mg/kg bw/d CPC) groups. Gastric ulcer was developed by daily oral feeding of aspirin for 8 weeks. Treatments were given orally a week before ulcer induction for 9 weeks. RESULTS The MIX group elevated gastric cyclooxygenase-1, prostaglandin E2, and total nitrite and nitrate levels by 139%, 86%, and 66%, respectively, compared with the aspirin group (p < 0.05). Moreover, the MIX group reduced lipid peroxides malondialdehyde levels by 78% (p < 0.05). The treatment of LBP and/or CPC increased gastric Bifidobacterium relative abundance by 2.5-4.0 times compared with the aspirin group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS We conclude that combined LBP and CPC enhance gastroprotective factors, inhibit lipid peroxidation, and increase gastric Bifidobacterium relative abundance. Combined LBP and CPC have protective potential against gastric ulcer caused by aspirin in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Yu Hsieh
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei 110, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Yu Zhi Lian
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei 110, 11031, Taiwan
| | - I-Hsuan Lin
- Research Center of Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chen Yang
- Joint Biobank, Office of Human Research, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Alexey A Tinkov
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
- K.G. Razumovsky Moscow State University of Technologies and Management, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anatoly V Skalny
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
- K.G. Razumovsky Moscow State University of Technologies and Management, Moscow, Russia
| | - Jane C-J Chao
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei 110, 11031, Taiwan.
- Master Program in Global Health and Development, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
- Nutrition Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
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Zhang W, Lian Y, Li Q, Sun L, Chen R, Lai X, Lai Z, Yuan E, Sun S. Preventative and Therapeutic Potential of Flavonoids in Peptic Ulcers. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25204626. [PMID: 33050668 PMCID: PMC7594042 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25204626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Peptic ulcer disease is a common gastrointestinal tract disorder that affects up to 20% of the population of the world. Treatment of peptic ulcer remains challenging due to the limited effectiveness and severe side effects of the currently available drugs. Hence, natural compounds, owing to their medicinal, ecological, and other safe properties, are becoming popular potential candidates in preventing and treating peptic ulcers. Flavonoids, the most abundant polyphenols in plants, exhibit gastroprotective effects against peptic ulcer both in vivo and in vitro. In this review, we summarized the anti-ulcer functions and mechanisms, and also the bioavailability, efficacy, and safety, of flavonoid monomers in the gastrointestinal tract. Flavonoids exerted cytoprotective and rehabilitative effects by not only strengthening defense factors, such as mucus and prostaglandins, but also protecting against potentially harmful factors via their antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial activities. Although controlled clinical studies are limited at present, flavonoids have shown a promising preventable and therapeutic potential in peptic ulcers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenji Zhang
- Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences or Guangdong Key Laboratory of Tea Resources Innovation & Utilization, Tea Research Institute, Guangzhou 510640, China; (W.Z.); (Q.L.); (L.S.); (R.C.); (X.L.); (Z.L.)
| | - Yingyi Lian
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China;
| | - Qiuhua Li
- Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences or Guangdong Key Laboratory of Tea Resources Innovation & Utilization, Tea Research Institute, Guangzhou 510640, China; (W.Z.); (Q.L.); (L.S.); (R.C.); (X.L.); (Z.L.)
| | - Lingli Sun
- Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences or Guangdong Key Laboratory of Tea Resources Innovation & Utilization, Tea Research Institute, Guangzhou 510640, China; (W.Z.); (Q.L.); (L.S.); (R.C.); (X.L.); (Z.L.)
| | - Ruohong Chen
- Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences or Guangdong Key Laboratory of Tea Resources Innovation & Utilization, Tea Research Institute, Guangzhou 510640, China; (W.Z.); (Q.L.); (L.S.); (R.C.); (X.L.); (Z.L.)
| | - Xingfei Lai
- Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences or Guangdong Key Laboratory of Tea Resources Innovation & Utilization, Tea Research Institute, Guangzhou 510640, China; (W.Z.); (Q.L.); (L.S.); (R.C.); (X.L.); (Z.L.)
| | - Zhaoxiang Lai
- Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences or Guangdong Key Laboratory of Tea Resources Innovation & Utilization, Tea Research Institute, Guangzhou 510640, China; (W.Z.); (Q.L.); (L.S.); (R.C.); (X.L.); (Z.L.)
| | - Erdong Yuan
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China;
- Correspondence: (E.Y.); (S.S.); Tel.: +86-20-8711-3848 (E.Y.); +86-20-8516-1045 (S.S.)
| | - Shili Sun
- Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences or Guangdong Key Laboratory of Tea Resources Innovation & Utilization, Tea Research Institute, Guangzhou 510640, China; (W.Z.); (Q.L.); (L.S.); (R.C.); (X.L.); (Z.L.)
- Correspondence: (E.Y.); (S.S.); Tel.: +86-20-8711-3848 (E.Y.); +86-20-8516-1045 (S.S.)
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Kamar SS, Latif NSA, Elrefai MFM, Amin SN. Gastroprotective effects of nebivolol and simvastatin against cold restraint stress-induced gastric ulcer in rats. Anat Cell Biol 2020; 53:301-312. [PMID: 32993280 PMCID: PMC7527116 DOI: 10.5115/acb.20.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric ulcer is one of the most serious diseases. Nebivolol (Neb), a β1-blocker, exhibits vasodilator and anti-oxidative properties, simvastatin (Sim) antihyperlipidemic drug, exhibits anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory properties and promote endogenous nitric oxide (NO) production. The aim of this study was to evaluate the gastroprotective effects of Neb and Sim against cold restraint stress (CRS)-induced gastric ulcer in rats. Rats were restrained, and maintained at 4°C for 3 hours. Animals were divided into six groups; control group, CRS group, and four treatment groups received ranitidine (Ran), Neb, Sim and both Neb and Sim. Treatments were given orally on a daily basis for 7 days prior to CRS. The gastroprotective effects of Neb and Sim were assessed biochemically by measuring variations in prostaglandins E2, NO, reduced glutathione and malondialdehyde, and functionally by estimating force of contractions of isolated rat fundus in the studied groups in response to acetylecholine stimulation and morphologically using hematoxylin and eosin staining, periodic acid Schiff's reaction and immunohistochemistry for cyclooxygenase 2 in gastric mucosa. CRS caused significant ulcerogenic effect. Alternatively, pretreatment with Ran, Neb, and Sim significantly corrected biochemical findings, pharmacological and histological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samaa Samir Kamar
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Mohamed Fathi Mohamed Elrefai
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Hashemite University, Zarqaa, Jordan, Egypt.,Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Shaimaa Nasr Amin
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Hashemite University, Zarqaa, Jordan, Egypt.,Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Bhanu SP, Pentyala S, Sankar DK. Incidence of hypoplastic posterior communicating artery and fetal posterior cerebral artery in Andhra population of India: a retrospective 3-Tesla magnetic resonance angiographic study. Anat Cell Biol 2020; 53:272-278. [PMID: 32647075 PMCID: PMC7527118 DOI: 10.5115/acb.20.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The posterior communicating arteries (PCoA) are important component of collateral circulation between the anterior and posterior part of circle of Willis (CW). The hypoplasia or aplasia of PCoA will reflect on prognosis of the neurological diseases. Precise studies of the incidence of hypoplastic PCoA in Andhra Pradesh population of India are hitherto unreported, since the present study was undertaken. Two hundred and thirty one magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) images were analyzed to identify the hypoplasia of PCoA and presence of fetal type of posterior cerebral artery (f-PCA) in patients with different neurological symptoms. All the patients underwent 3.0T MRI exposure. The results were statistically analysed. A total of 63 (27.3%) PCoA hypoplasia and 13 cases with f-PCA (5.6%) cases were identified. The hypoplastic PCoA was noted more in males than females (P<0.05) and right side hypoplasia was common than the left (P<0.04); bilateral hypoplasia of PCoA was seen in 37 cases out of 63 and is significant. The hypoplastic cases of the present study also were associated with variations of anterior cerebral arteries and one case was having vertebral artery hypoplasia. Incidence of PCoA as unilateral or bilateral with other associated anomalies of CW is more prone to develop stroke, migraine and cognitive dysfunction. Knowledge of these variations in the PCoA plays a pivotal role in diagnoses of neurological disorders and in neurovascular surgeries and angiographic point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharmila P Bhanu
- Department of of Anatomy, Narayana Medical College, Nellore, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Suneetha Pentyala
- Department of of Radiology, Narayana Medical College & General Hospital, Nellore, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Devi K Sankar
- Department of of Anatomy, Narayana Medical College, Nellore, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Papoutsopoulou S, Satsangi J, Campbell BJ, Probert CS. Review article: impact of cigarette smoking on intestinal inflammation-direct and indirect mechanisms. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2020; 51:1268-1285. [PMID: 32372449 DOI: 10.1111/apt.15774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The inflammatory bowel diseases, Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis are related multifactorial diseases. Their pathogenesis is influenced by each individual's immune system, the environmental factors within exposome and genetic predisposition. Smoking habit is the single best-established environmental factor that influences disease phenotype, behaviour and response to therapy. AIM To assess current epidemiological, experimental and clinical evidence that may explain how smoking impacts on the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. METHODS A Medline search for 'cigarette smoking', in combination with terms including 'passive', 'second-hand', 'intestinal inflammation', 'Crohn's disease', 'ulcerative colitis', 'colitis'; 'intestinal epithelium', 'immune system', 'intestinal microbiota', 'tight junctions', 'mucus', 'goblet cells', 'Paneth cells', 'autophagy'; 'epigenetics', 'genes', 'DNA methylation', 'histones', 'short noncoding/long noncoding RNAs'; 'carbon monoxide/CO' and 'nitric oxide/NO' was performed. RESULTS Studies found evidence of direct and indirect effects of smoking on various parameters, including oxidative damage, impairment of intestinal barrier and immune cell function, epigenetic and microbiota composition changes, that contribute to the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. CONCLUSIONS Cigarette smoking promotes intestinal inflammation by affecting the function and interactions among intestinal epithelium, immune system and microbiota/microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stamatia Papoutsopoulou
- Gastroenterology Research Unit, Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Jack Satsangi
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Experimental Medicine Division, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Barry J Campbell
- Gastroenterology Research Unit, Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Chris S Probert
- Gastroenterology Research Unit, Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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The Efficacy of Processing Strategies on the Gastroprotective Potentiality of Chenopodium quinoa Seeds. ScientificWorldJournal 2020; 2020:6326452. [PMID: 32549800 PMCID: PMC7275209 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6326452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The current study has been conducted to evaluate the effect of different processing techniques on the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging capacity and the gastroprotective potential of Chenopodium quinoa red seeds in acute gastric injury induced by absolute ethanol in rats. Seven groups of female Sprague Dawley rats were assigned to normal and absolute ethanol (absolute EtOH) groups, given distilled water, reference control omeprazole (OMP, 20 mg/kg), pressure-cooked quinoa seeds (QP, 200 mg/kg), first stage-germinated quinoa seeds (QG, 200 mg/kg), Lactobacillus plantarum bacteria-fermented quinoa seeds (QB, 200 mg/kg), and Rhizopus oligosporus fungus-fermented quinoa seeds (QF, 200 mg/kg). One hour after treatment, all groups were given absolute ethanol, except for the normal control rats. All animals were sacrificed after an additional hour, and the stomach tissues were examined for histopathology of hematoxylin and eosin staining, immunohistochemistry of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), and nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Stomach homogenates were evaluated for oxidative stress parameters and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Gene expression was performed for gastric tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and nuclear factor kappa of B cells (NF-kB). QB and QG recorded the highest DPPH scavengers compared to QF and QP. The gastroprotective potential of QB was comparable to that of OMP, followed by QF, then QG, and QP as confirmed by the histopathology, immunohistochemistry, and gene expression assessments. In conclusion, differently processed red quinoa seeds revealed variable antioxidant capacity and gastroprotective potential, while the bacterial fermented seeds (QB) showed the highest potential compared to the other processing techniques. These results might offer promising new therapy in the treatment of acute gastric injury.
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Mittal A, Arora R, Kakkar R. Pharmacophore modeling, 3D-QSAR and molecular docking studies of quinazolines and aminopyridines as selective inhibitors of inducible nitric oxide synthase. JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL & COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.1142/s0219633619500020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Pharmacophore modeling and 3D-Quantitative Structure Activity Relationship (3D-QSAR) studies have been performed on a dataset of thirty-two quinazoline and aminopyridine derivatives to get an insight into the important structural features required for binding to inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). A four-point CPH (Common Pharmacophore Hypothesis), AHPR.29, with a hydrogen bond acceptor, hydrophobic group, positively charged ionizable group and an aromatic ring, has been obtained as the best pharmacophore model. Satisfactory statistical parameters of correlation ([Formula: see text]) and cross-validated ([Formula: see text]) correlation coefficients, 0.9288 and 0.6353, respectively, show high robustness and good predictive ability of our selected model. The contour maps have been developed from this model and the analysis has provided an interpretable explanation of the effect that various features and substituents have on the potency and selectivity of inhibitors towards iNOS. Docking studies have also been performed in order to analyze the interactions between the enzyme and the inhibitors. Our proposed model can thus be further used for screening a large database of compounds and design new iNOS inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshika Mittal
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007, India
| | - Ritu Arora
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007, India
| | - Rita Kakkar
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007, India
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Byrsonima intermedia A. Juss partitions promote gastroprotection against peptic ulcers and improve healing through antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 111:1112-1123. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.12.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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26
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De Sales IRP, Formiga RDO, Machado FDF, Nascimento RF, Pessoa MMB, Barros MEFX, Vieira GC, Gadelha FAAF, Marinho AF, Barbosa Filho JM, Júnior RFDA, Antunes AA, Batista LM. Cytoprotective, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanism related to antiulcer activity of Cissampelos sympodialis Eichl. in animal models. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 222:190-200. [PMID: 29704592 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The leaves and roots of Cissampelos sympodialis (Menispermaceae) are used by indian tribes and in folk medicine to treat genitourinary infections, inflammation, asthma and gastrointestinal disorders. MATERIAL AND METHODS The standardized ethanolic extract (Cs-EtOHE) and alkaloids total fraction (Cs-TAF) obtained from aerial parts of C. sympodialis were evaluated in several models of acute gastric ulcers. The antisecretory and/or neutralizing mechanisms of the gastric acid secretion, cytoprotective, antioxidant and immunoregulatory mechanisms were also evaluated. RESULTS Cs-EtOHE and Cs-TAF presented a reduction in gastric mucosa lesions against ethanol, NSAIDs, hypothermic restraint-stress and gastric juice containment induced ulcer models. This activity is related to alkaloids present in the extract, and involves the participation of sulfhydryl compounds, nitric oxide, KATP channels, prostaglandins, decreased levels of IL-1β and TNF-α and increased levels of GSH and IL-10. CONCLUSION The data indicate gastroprotective activity, due to the participation of the cytoprotective, antioxidant and immunoregulatory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Rafael Praxedes De Sales
- Postgraduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Health Sciences Center, Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa 58051-970, PB, Brazil.
| | - Rodrigo De Oliveira Formiga
- Postgraduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Health Sciences Center, Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa 58051-970, PB, Brazil.
| | - Flávia Danniele Frota Machado
- Postgraduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Health Sciences Center, Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa 58051-970, PB, Brazil.
| | - Raphaela Francelino Nascimento
- Postgraduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Health Sciences Center, Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa 58051-970, PB, Brazil.
| | - Matheus Marley Bezerra Pessoa
- Postgraduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Health Sciences Center, Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa 58051-970, PB, Brazil.
| | - Monique Emanuela Frutuoso Xavier Barros
- Postgraduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Health Sciences Center, Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa 58051-970, PB, Brazil.
| | - Giciane Carvalho Vieira
- Postgraduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Health Sciences Center, Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa 58051-970, PB, Brazil.
| | - Francisco Allysson Assis Ferreira Gadelha
- Postgraduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Health Sciences Center, Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa 58051-970, PB, Brazil.
| | - Alexsandro Fernandes Marinho
- Postgraduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Health Sciences Center, Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa 58051-970, PB, Brazil.
| | - José Maria Barbosa Filho
- Postgraduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Health Sciences Center, Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa 58051-970, PB, Brazil.
| | - Raimundo Fernandes De Araújo Júnior
- Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology and Department of Morphology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN, Brazil.
| | - Aurigena Araújo Antunes
- Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology and Department of Morphology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN, Brazil.
| | - Leônia Maria Batista
- Postgraduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Health Sciences Center, Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa 58051-970, PB, Brazil.
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Lebda MA, El-Far AH, Noreldin AE, Elewa YHA, Al Jaouni SK, Mousa SA. Protective Effects of Miswak ( Salvadora persica) against Experimentally Induced Gastric Ulcers in Rats. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:6703296. [PMID: 30116487 PMCID: PMC6079327 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6703296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Gastric ulcers are among the most broadly perceived illnesses affecting individuals. Alcohol consumption is the main cause of gastric ulceration. This study assessed the protective effects of Salvadora persica (SP) extract against ethanol-induced gastric ulcer and elucidated the conceivable underlying mechanisms involved. For this purpose, 40 rats were allotted into 4 equal groups (control, ethanol- (EtOH-) treated, and SP-treated "SP200 and SP400" groups). The control and EtOH-treated groups were given phosphate buffer saline (PBS), and both the SP200 and SP400 groups were given SP extract dissolved in PBS at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg b.w., respectively. All treatments were given orally for 7 constitutive days. On the 8th day, all rats were fasted for 24 h followed by oral gavage of PBS in the control group and chilled absolute ethanol solution (5 ml/kg b.w.) in the EtOH- and SP-treated groups to induce gastric lesions. One hour later, the rats were sacrificed and the stomachs were harvested. Gross and microscopic examinations of the EtOH-treated group showed severe gastric hemorrhagic necrosis, submucosal edema, destruction of epithelial cells, and reduced glycoprotein content at the mucus surface. These pathological lesions were defeated by SP extract treatment. Administration of SP extract modulated the oxidative stress and augmented the antioxidant defenses. The elevated ethanol-expressed tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) genes, as well as bcl-2-like protein 4 (Bax) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), were diminished in the SP-treated group. Curiously, SP extract upregulated endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) gene expression comparable to that of the EtOH-treated rats. Aggregately, SP exerted antiulcer activities in ethanol-induced gastric ulcer rat models via modulation of oxidant/antioxidant status, mitigation of proinflammatory cytokines, and apoptosis, as well as remodeling of both NOS isoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A. Lebda
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 22758, Egypt
| | - Ali H. El-Far
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Egypt
| | - Ahmed E. Noreldin
- Histology and Cytology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Egypt
| | - Yaser H. A. Elewa
- Histology and Cytology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
- Laboratory of Anatomy, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Soad K. Al Jaouni
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, King Abdulaziz University Hospital and Scientific Chair of Yousef Abdul Latif Jameel of Prophetic Medicine Application, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shaker A. Mousa
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA
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Gastroprotective and Antioxidant Activity of Kalanchoe brasiliensis and Kalanchoe pinnata Leaf Juices against Indomethacin and Ethanol-Induced Gastric Lesions in Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19051265. [PMID: 29695040 PMCID: PMC5983682 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Kalanchoe brasiliensis and Kalanchoe pinnata are used interchangeably in traditional medicine for treating peptic ulcers and inflammatory problems. In this context, this study aims to characterize the chemical constituents and evaluate the gastroprotective activity of the leaf juices of the two species in acute gastric lesions models. Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) and Ultra High Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled to Mass Spectrometer (UHPLC-MS) were performed for chemical characterization. Wistar rats were pre-treated orally with leaf juices (125, 250 and 500 mg/kg) or ranitidine (50 mg/kg). The peaks observed in the chromatogram of K. brasiliensis showed similar mass spectra to flavonoid glycosides derived from patuletin and eupafolin, while K. pinnata showed mass spectra similar to compounds derived from quercetin, patuletin, eupafolin and kaempferol. K. brasiliensis at all doses and K. pinnata at doses of 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg significantly reduced the lesions in the ethanol induction model. In the indomethacin induction model, both species showed significant results at doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg. Also, the pre-treatment with leaf juices increased the antioxidant defense system, glutathione (GSH), whereas malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels were significantly decreased. Treatment with leaf juices led to the upregulation of zone occludes-1 (ZO-1) and the downregulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and factor nuclear-κβ transcription (NF-κB-p65), while also showing a cytoprotective effect and maintaining mucus production. These findings show that the leaf juices of the two species showed gastroprotective effects on ethanol and gastric indomethacin injury which were a consequence of gastric inflammation suppression, antioxidant activity and the maintenance of cytoprotective defenses and mucosal structure architecture.
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Ge H, Tang H, Liang Y, Wu J, Yang Q, Zeng L, Ma Z. Rhein attenuates inflammation through inhibition of NF-κB and NALP3 inflammasome in vivo and in vitro. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2017; 11:1663-1671. [PMID: 28652704 PMCID: PMC5472410 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s133069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Rhein is an important component in traditional Chinese herbal medicine formulations for gastrointestinal disorders, including inflammatory bowel diseases such as ulcerative colitis. In this study, we investigated the beneficial effects of rhein in inflammation models in the transgenic zebrafish line TG (corolla eGFP), in which both macrophages and neutrophils express eGFP and RAW264.7 macrophages. We found that the tail-cutting-induced migration of immune cells was significantly reduced in transgenic zebrafish treated with rhein. In addition, the production of proinflammatory cytokines, including IL-6, IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor-α, were significantly reduced in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 macrophages treated with rhein. Parallel to the inhibition of proinflammatory cytokines, rhein significantly reduced phosphorylation levels of NF-κB p65 and inducible nitric oxide synthase, as well as COX-2 protein expression levels. Furthermore, rhein significantly reduced NALP3 and cleaved IL-1β expression in LPS + ATP-induced RAW264.7 macrophages. Thus, the present study demonstrates that rhein may exhibit its anti-inflammatory action via inhibition of NF-κB and NALP3 inflammasome pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Ge
- Department of Health Care Clinic, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao Tang
- Department of General Internal Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanbing Liang
- Department of General Internal Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingguo Wu
- Department of General Internal Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing Yang
- Department of General Internal Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lijin Zeng
- Department of General Internal Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhongfu Ma
- Department of General Internal Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Suluvoy JK, Berlin Grace VM. Phytochemical profile and free radical nitric oxide (NO) scavenging activity of Averrhoa bilimbi L. fruit extract. 3 Biotech 2017; 7:85. [PMID: 28500407 PMCID: PMC5429310 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-017-0678-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Averrhoa bilimbi L. belongs to family Oxalidaceae. Traditionally, people use this plant (root, bark, leaves and fruits) for treating several illnesses include itches, boils, syphilis, whooping cough, hypertension, fever and inflammation. The aim of the study was to evaluate the nitric oxide (NO) scavenging activity and GC-MS analysis of A. bilimbi L. fruit extract. Averrhoa bilimbi L. fruits were collected for the preliminary phytochemical analysis, antioxidant scavenging activity and biologically important compounds were identified by GC-MS analysis. The preliminary phytochemicals, GC-MS, total phenolic content and NO scavenging activity of the plant were analysed. In the present investigation, the A. bilimbi L. fruit extract has major phytochemicals. Among the 151 compounds identified in GC-MS, 15 compounds are found to have diverse biological activity. We also observed that the A. bilimbi L. fruit extract has high level of total phenolic compounds at a concentration of 209.25 GAE mg/g. Presence of phenolic compound apparently explains the antioxidant activity of the plant. Antioxidant activity of A. bilimbi L. fruit extract is proven from its high level of NO scavenging activity of potent IC50 value of 108.10. From the above study, it is apparent that the A. bilimbi L. fruit extract is a rich source of phytochemicals (natural products) with biological activity. The GC-MS report on this fruit proves that natural products have pharmacologically and biologically active compounds. A high phenolic content is observed in our study. A. bilimbi L. fruit extract is also found to have NO scavenging activity in our study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagadish Kumar Suluvoy
- Department of Biotechnology, Karunya University, Karunya Nagar, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu India
| | - V. M. Berlin Grace
- Department of Biotechnology, Karunya University, Karunya Nagar, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu India
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Gao B, Chi L, Mahbub R, Bian X, Tu P, Ru H, Lu K. Multi-Omics Reveals that Lead Exposure Disturbs Gut Microbiome Development, Key Metabolites, and Metabolic Pathways. Chem Res Toxicol 2017; 30:996-1005. [PMID: 28234468 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.6b00401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Lead exposure remains a global public health issue, and the recent Flint water crisis has renewed public concern about lead toxicity. The toxicity of lead has been well established in a variety of systems and organs. The gut microbiome has been shown to be highly involved in many critical physiological processes, including food digestion, immune system development, and metabolic homeostasis. However, despite the key role of the gut microbiome in human health, the functional impact of lead exposure on the gut microbiome has not been studied. The aim of this study is to define gut microbiome toxicity induced by lead exposure in C57BL/6 mice using multiomics approaches, including 16S rRNA sequencing, whole genome metagenomics sequencing, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) metabolomics. 16S rRNA sequencing revealed that lead exposure altered the gut microbiome trajectory and phylogenetic diversity. Metagenomics sequencing and metabolomics profiling showed that numerous metabolic pathways, including vitamin E, bile acids, nitrogen metabolism, energy metabolism, oxidative stress, and the defense/detoxification mechanism, were significantly disturbed by lead exposure. These perturbed molecules and pathways may have important implications for lead toxicity in the host. Taken together, these results demonstrated that lead exposure not only altered the gut microbiome community structures/diversity but also greatly affected metabolic functions, leading to gut microbiome toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Gao
- Department of Environmental Health Science, University of Georgia , Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Liang Chi
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Ridwan Mahbub
- Department of Environmental Health Science, University of Georgia , Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Xiaoming Bian
- Department of Environmental Health Science, University of Georgia , Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Pengcheng Tu
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Hongyu Ru
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, North Carolina 27607, United States
| | - Kun Lu
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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Bernardazzi C, Pêgo B, de Souza HSP. Neuroimmunomodulation in the Gut: Focus on Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Mediators Inflamm 2016; 2016:1363818. [PMID: 27471349 PMCID: PMC4947661 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1363818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal immunity is finely regulated by several concomitant and overlapping mechanisms, in order to efficiently sense external stimuli and mount an adequate response of either tolerance or defense. In this context, a complex interplay between immune and nonimmune cells is responsible for the maintenance of normal homeostasis. However, in certain conditions, the disruption of such an intricate network may result in intestinal inflammation, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). IBD is believed to result from a combination of genetic and environmental factors acting in concert with an inappropriate immune response, which in turn interacts with nonimmune cells, including nervous system components. Currently, evidence shows that the interaction between the immune and the nervous system is bidirectional and plays a critical role in the regulation of intestinal inflammation. Recently, the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis has been shown to be under the reciprocal control of the microbiota by immune mechanisms, whereas intestinal microorganisms can modulate mucosal immunity. Therefore, in addition to presenting the mechanisms underlying the interaction between immune and nervous systems in the gut, here we discuss the role of the microbiota also in the regulation of neuroimmune crosstalk involved in intestinal homeostasis and inflammation, with potential implications to IBD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Bernardazzi
- Serviço de Gastroenterologia & Laboratório Multidisciplinar de Pesquisa, Hospital Universitário, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-913 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Pêgo
- Serviço de Gastroenterologia & Laboratório Multidisciplinar de Pesquisa, Hospital Universitário, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-913 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Heitor Siffert P. de Souza
- Serviço de Gastroenterologia & Laboratório Multidisciplinar de Pesquisa, Hospital Universitário, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-913 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), 22281-100 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Camacho ME, Chayah M, García ME, Fernández-Sáez N, Arias F, Gallo MA, Carrión MD. Quinazolinones, Quinazolinthiones, and Quinazolinimines as Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibitors: Synthetic Study and Biological Evaluation. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2016; 349:638-50. [DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201600020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Revised: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Encarnación Camacho
- Facultad de Farmacia, Departamento de Química Farmacéutica y Orgánica; Universidad de Granada; Granada Spain
| | - Mariem Chayah
- Facultad de Farmacia, Departamento de Química Farmacéutica y Orgánica; Universidad de Granada; Granada Spain
| | - M. Esther García
- Facultad de Farmacia, Departamento de Química Farmacéutica y Orgánica; Universidad de Granada; Granada Spain
| | - Nerea Fernández-Sáez
- Facultad de Farmacia, Departamento de Química Farmacéutica y Orgánica; Universidad de Granada; Granada Spain
| | - Fabio Arias
- Facultad de Farmacia, Departamento de Química Farmacéutica y Orgánica; Universidad de Granada; Granada Spain
| | - Miguel A. Gallo
- Facultad de Farmacia, Departamento de Química Farmacéutica y Orgánica; Universidad de Granada; Granada Spain
| | - M. Dora Carrión
- Facultad de Farmacia, Departamento de Química Farmacéutica y Orgánica; Universidad de Granada; Granada Spain
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Alp Yildirim FI, Uyanik Ö, Özyoğurtçu H, Gürel A, Atukeren P, Gümüştaş K, Özdemir O, Uydeş-Doğan S. Aggravating effect of atorvastatin on indomethacin-induced gastric injury: Focus on PGE2, TNF-α, neutrophils and iNOS. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2015.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Li H, He T, Xu Q, Li Z, Liu Y, Li F, Yang BF, Liu CZ. Acupuncture and regulation of gastrointestinal function. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:8304-8313. [PMID: 26217082 PMCID: PMC4507100 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i27.8304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Revised: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In China, acupuncture has been considered an effective method for treating gastrointestinal (GI) dysfunction diseases for thousands of years. In fact, acupuncture has gained progressive acceptance from both practitioners and patients worldwide. However, the therapeutic effects and underlying mechanisms in treating GI dysfunction have not yet been established due to a lack of systematic and comprehensive review articles. Therefore, the aim of this review is to discuss the efficacy of acupuncture as a treatment for GI dysfunction and the associated underlying mechanisms. A search of PubMed was conducted for articles that were published over the past 10 years using the terms “acupuncture”, “gastrointestine”, and other relevant keywords. In the following review, we describe the effect and underlying mechanisms of acupuncture on GI function from the perspectives of GI motility, visceral sensitivity, the GI barrier, and the brain-gut axis. The dual regulatory effects of acupuncture may manifest by promoting gastric peristalsis in subjects with low initial gastric motility, and suppressing peristalsis in subjects with active initial motility. In addition, the regulation of acupuncture on gastric motility may be intensity-dependent. Our findings suggest that further studies are needed to investigate the effects and more systematic mechanisms in treating GI dysfunction, and to promote the application of acupuncture for the treatment of GI diseases.
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Gastroprotective Effect of Geopropolis from Melipona scutellaris Is Dependent on Production of Nitric Oxide and Prostaglandin. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:459846. [PMID: 25949263 PMCID: PMC4408637 DOI: 10.1155/2015/459846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Revised: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the gastroprotective activity of ethanolic extract of geopropolis (EEGP) from Melipona scutellaris and to investigate the possible mechanisms of action. The gastroprotective activity of the EEGP was evaluated using model ulcer induced by ethanol. To elucidate the possible mechanisms of action, we investigated the involvement of the nonprotein sulfhydryl (NP-SH) groups, nitric oxide and prostaglandins. In addition, the antisecretory activity of EEGP was also evaluated by pylorus ligated model. The EEGP orally administrated (300 mg/kg) reduced the ulcerative lesions induced by the ethanol (P < 0.05). Regarding the mechanism of action, the prior administration of nitric oxide and prostaglandins antagonists suppressed the activity of gastroprotective EEGP (P < 0.05). On the other hand the gastroprotective activity of EEGP was kept in the group pretreated with the antagonist of the NP-SH groups; furthermore the antisecretory activity was not significant (P > 0.05). These results support the alternative medicine use of geopropolis as gastroprotective and the activities observed show to be related to nitric oxide and prostaglandins production.
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L-arginine stimulates CAT-1-mediated arginine uptake and regulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase for the growth of chick intestinal epithelial cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2014; 399:229-36. [PMID: 25336270 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-014-2249-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
L-arginine (L-Arg) uptake is mediated by members of cationic amino acid transporter (CAT) family and may coincide with the induction of nitric oxide synthases (NOS). The present study was conducted to investigate the extracellular concentrations of L-Arg regulating the CAT-1, CAT-4 and inducible NOS (iNOS) in chick intestinal epithelial cells. The cells were cultured for 4 days in Arg-free Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium containing 10, 100, 200, 400, or 600 μM L-Arg. Cell viability, nitric oxide (NO) concentrations, uptake and metabolism of L-[3H]-Arg as well as expression of CAT-1, CAT-4, and iNOS were determined. Our results showed that L-Arg enhances cell growth with a maximal response at 10-400 μM. Addition of 100, 200, or 400 μM L-Arg increased the L-[3H]-Arg uptake, which was associated with greater conversion of L-[3H]-citrulline and NO production in comparison with 10 μM L-Arg group. Increasing extracellular concentrations of L-Arg from 10 to 400 μM dose dependently increased the levels of CAT-1 mRNA and protein, while no effect on CAT-4 mRNA abundance was found. Furthermore, supplementation of 100, 200, or 400 μM L-Arg upregulated the expression of iNOS mRNA, and the relative protein levels for iNOS in 200 and 400 μM L-Arg groups were higher than those in 10 and 100 μM L-Arg groups. Collectively, we conclude that the CAT-1 isoform plays a role in L-Arg uptake, and L-Arg-mediated elevation of NO via iNOS promotes the growth of chick intestinal epithelial cells.
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Thorpe D, Stringer A, Butler R. Chemotherapy-induced mucositis: The role of mucin secretion and regulation, and the enteric nervous system. Neurotoxicology 2013; 38:101-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2013.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2013] [Revised: 06/13/2013] [Accepted: 06/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Protective effect of hydrogen sulfide against cold restraint stress-induced gastric mucosal injury in rats. Arch Pharm Res 2013; 36:1507-15. [PMID: 23812778 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-013-0194-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Accepted: 06/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is an endogenous gaseous mediator plays a potential role in modulating gastric inflammatory responses. However, its putative protective role remains to be defined. The present study aimed to evaluate role of the exogenously released and endogenously synthesized H2S in cold restraint stress (CRS)-induced oxidative gastric damage in rats. Rats were restrained, and maintained at 4 °C for 3 h. The H2S donor, sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) (60 μmol/kg) was injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) before CRS. Our results revealed that NaHS pretreatment significantly attenuated ulcer index, free and total acid output, and pepsin activity in gastric juice along with decreased gastric mucosal carbonyl content and reactive oxygen species production. This was accompanied by increased gastric juice pH and mucin concentration in addition to restoring the deficits in the gastric reduced glutathione, catalase as well as superoxide dismutase enzyme activities. NaHS pretreatment markedly reduced the serum level of tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) and myeloperoxidase activity compared to CRS-non-treated. Moreover, NaHS preadministration significantly abrogated the inflammatory and the deleterious responses of gastric mucosa in CRS. The protective effects of H2S were confirmed by gastric histopathological examination. However, pretreatment with the H2S-synthesizing enzyme, cystathionine-gamma-lyase inhibitor, beta-cyano-L-alanine (50 mg/kg, i.p.) reversed the gastroprotection afforded by the endogenous H2S. Collectively, our results suggest that H2S can protect rat gastric mucosa against CRS-induced gastric ulceration possibly through mechanisms that involve anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory actions alongside enhancement of gastric mucosal barrier and reduction in acid secretory parameters.
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Chen YL, Huang XQ, Xu SJ, Liao JB, Wang RJ, Lu XF, Xie YL, Zhou FS, Su ZR, Lai XP. Relieving visceral hyperalgesia effect of Kangtai capsule and its potential mechanisms via modulating the 5-HT and NO level in vivo. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 20:249-257. [PMID: 23141427 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2012.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2012] [Revised: 08/18/2012] [Accepted: 09/21/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Kangtai capsule (KT) is one type of traditional Chinese medicine preparation derived from the proved recipe, which was frequently applied as an effective clinical treatment of IBS. However, there still lack the reasonable and all-round analytical approach and the scientific studies on its underlying mechanisms. Therefore, our study aimed to develop the novel method for evaluating its quality as well as to interpret the potential mechanisms. In our study, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) fingerprint was applied to provide a chemical profile of KT. The neonatal maternal separation (NMS) on Sprague-Dawley pups was employed to evaluate the therapeutic effect of KT by virtue of various parameters including visceral hyperalgesia, serum nitric oxide (NO) level, and tissue 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) level. Consequently, a chromatographic condition, which was carried at 30°C with a flow rate of 0.5 ml/min on AQUA 3μ C18 column with mobile phase of acetonitrile and water-phosphoric acid (100:0.1, v/v), was established to give a common fingerprint chromatography under 254 nm with a similarity index of 0.963 within ten batches of KT samples. On the NMS model, KT markedly elevated the pain threshold of NMS rats. Furthermore, KT at three doses significantly decreased 5-HT content from distal colon of visceral hyperalgesia rats induced by NMS, while the significant decrease of 5-HT content in serum was only observed in the group with KT at high dose. However, compared with that in NMS rats without KT, there was no apparent difference of 5-HT level from brain issue in the rats with various doses. Besides, KT could substantially elevate the concentration of NO in the serum. The results showed our study developed the simple, rapid, accurate, reproducible qualitative and quantitative analysis by HPLC fingerprint for the quality control for KT. Data from the pharmacological investigation suggested that the curative effect of KT to the visceral hypersensitivity may be concerned with the level of 5-HT and NO in vivo, promising its potential in irritable bowel syndrome treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Long Chen
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
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Morsy MA, El-Moselhy MA. Mechanisms of the Protective Effects of Curcumin against Indomethacin-Induced Gastric Ulcer in Rats. Pharmacology 2013; 91:267-74. [DOI: 10.1159/000350190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2012] [Accepted: 02/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Morsy MA, Heeba GH, Abdelwahab SA, Rofaeil RR. Protective effects of nebivolol against cold restraint stress-induced gastric ulcer in rats: Role of NO, HO-1, and COX-1,2. Nitric Oxide 2012; 27:117-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2012.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2011] [Revised: 05/30/2012] [Accepted: 06/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Carrión MD, López-Cara LC, Chayah M, Choquesillo-Lazarte D, Gallo MA, Espinosa A, Entrena A, Camacho ME. NMR spectroscopic characterization of new 2,3-dihydro-1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2012; 50:515-522. [PMID: 22693150 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.3830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2012] [Revised: 05/15/2012] [Accepted: 05/15/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The (1) H and (13) C NMR resonances of twenty-seven 2,2-dimethyl-5-(2-nitrophenyl-5-substituted)-2,3-dihydro-1,3,4-thiadiazoles, and twenty-seven 3-acyl-5-(2-amino-5-substituted)-2,2-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1,3,4-thiadiazoles were assigned completely using the concerted application of one-dimensional and two-dimensional experiments (DEPT, HMQC and HMBC). NOESY experiments, X-ray crystallography and conformational analysis confirm the preferred conformation of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Dora Carrión
- Departamento de Química Farmacéutica y Orgánica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
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Bogdanova OV, Kot LI, Lavrova KV, Bogdanov VB, Sloan EK, Beregova TV, Ostapchenko LI. Modulation of protein tyrosine phosphorylation in gastric mucosa during re-epithelization processes. World J Biol Chem 2010; 1:338-47. [PMID: 21537468 PMCID: PMC3083939 DOI: 10.4331/wjbc.v1.i11.338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2010] [Revised: 09/13/2010] [Accepted: 09/20/2010] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the role of protein tyrosine phosphorylation in gastric wound formation and repair following ulceration.
METHODS: Gastric lesions were induced in rats using restraint cold stress. To investigate the effect of oxidative and nitrosative cell stress on tyrosine phosphorylation during wound repair, total activity of protein tyrosine kinase (PTK), protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP), antioxidant enzymes, nitric oxide synthase (NOS), 2’,5’-oligoadenylate synthetase, hydroxyl radical and zinc levels were assayed in parallel.
RESULTS: Ulcer provocation induced an immediate decrease in tyrosine kinase (40% in plasma membranes and 56% in cytosol, P < 0.05) and phosphatase activity (threefold in plasma membranes and 3.3-fold in cytosol), followed by 2.3-2.4-fold decrease (P < 0.05) in protein phosphotyrosine content in the gastric mucosa. Ulceration induced no immediate change in superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, 30% increase (P < 0.05) in catalase activity, 2.3-fold inhibition (P < 0.05) of glutathione peroxidase, 3.3-fold increase (P < 0.05) in hydroxyl radical content, and 2.3-fold decrease (P < 0.05) in zinc level in gastric mucosa. NOS activity was three times higher in gastric mucosa cells after cold stress. Following ulceration, PTK activity increased in plasma membranes and reached a maximum on day 4 after stress (twofold increase, P < 0.05), but remained inhibited (1.6-3-fold decrease on days 3, 4 and 5, P < 0.05) in the cytosol. Tyrosine phosphatases remained inhibited both in membranes and cytosol (1.5-2.4-fold, P < 0.05). NOS activity remained increased on days 1, 2 and 3 (3.8-, 2.6-, 2.2-fold, respectively, P < 0.05). Activity of SOD increased 1.6 times (P < 0.05) days 4 and 5 after stress. Catalase activity normalized after day 2. Glutathione peroxidase activity and zinc level decreased (3.3- and 2-fold, respectively, P < 0.05) on the last day. Activity of 2’,5’-oligoadenylate synthethase increased 2.8-fold (P < 0.05) at the beginning, and 1.6-2.3-fold (P < 0.05) during ulcer recuperation, and normalized on day 5, consistent with slowing of inflammation processes.
CONCLUSION: These studies show diverse changes in total tyrosine kinase activity in gastric mucosa during the recovery process. Oxidative and nitrosative stress during lesion formation might lead to the observed reduction in tyrosine phosphorylation during ulceration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olena V Bogdanova
- Olena V Bogdanova, Larysa I Kot, Kateryna V Lavrova, Ludmyla I Ostapchenko, Department of Biochemistry, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, 01033, Ukraine
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Khalefa AA, Abd-Alaleem DI, Attiaa KI. The protective effects of ghrelin and leptin against stress-induced gastric ulcer in rats. Arab J Gastroenterol 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajg.2010.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Pathan AR, Karwa M, Pamidiboina V, Deshattiwar JJ, Deshmukh NJ, Gaikwad PP, Mali SV, Desai DC, Dhiman M, Thanga Mariappan T, Sharma SD, Satyam A, Nemmani KVS. Oral bioavailability, efficacy and gastric tolerability of P2026, a novel nitric oxide-releasing diclofenac in rat. Inflammopharmacology 2010; 18:157-68. [PMID: 20495878 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-010-0043-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2010] [Accepted: 04/27/2010] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The present study was designed to evaluate, P2026 [(2-((2-(nitrooxy)ethyl)disulfanyl)ethyl 2-(2-(2,6-dichlorophenylamino)phenyl)acetate)], a novel NO (nitric oxide) donor prodrug of diclofenac for its ability to release NO and diclofenac, and whether P2026 provides advantage of improved activity/gastric tolerability over diclofenac. Oral bioavailability of P2026 was estimated from plasma concentration of diclofenac and nitrate/nitrite (NOx). Anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated in three different models of inflammation: acute (carrageenan-induced paw oedema), chronic (adjuvant-induced arthritis), and systemic (lipopolysaccharide-induced endotoxic shock). Gastric tolerability was evaluated from compound's propensity to cause gastric ulcers. P2026 exhibited dose-dependent diclofenac and NOx release. Similar to diclofenac, P2026 showed potent anti-inflammatory activity in acute and chronic model, whereas it improved activity in systemic model. Both diclofenac and P2026 inhibited gastric prostaglandin, but only diclofenac produced dose-dependent haemorrhagic ulcers. Thus, the results suggest that coupling of NO and diclofenac contribute to improved gastric tolerability while retaining the anti-inflammatory properties of diclofenac.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asif R Pathan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
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Abdel-Raheem IT. Gastroprotective effect of rutin against indomethacin-induced ulcers in rats. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2010; 107:742-50. [PMID: 20374237 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-7843.2010.00568.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Several reports have indicated that indomethacin-induced gastropathy is mediated through generation of free radicals, neutrophil infiltration and disturbance in nitric oxide production. Rutin is a potent antioxidant flavonoid. Recently, rutin was reported to inhibit neutrophil infiltration and to modulate nitric oxide production in gastric mucosa. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect of rutin against indomethacin-induced gastric injury. Accordingly, four groups of rats were used. The first three groups were injected orally with vehicle, rutin (200 mg/kg) and indomethacin (48 mg/kg) respectively. The fourth group was injected with rutin 1 hr before indomethacin. Animals were killed after 6 hr of indomethacin administration. Gastric juice acidity and gastric injury were evaluated directly. Moreover, the activities of myeloperoxidase, superoxide dismutase and the contents of reduced glutathione, thiobarbituric acid reactive substance and total nitrite/nitrate (as a marker of nitric oxide production) were determined in mucosal tissues. Indomethacin increased gastric ulcer index, gastric myeloperoxidase activity, gastric acidity and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance contents compared with control. On the other hand, indomethacin decreased glutathione, nitrite/nitrate contents and superoxide dismutase activity. Histopathological examination of the stomachs of indomethacin-treated rats revealed degenerative changes in gastric tissues. Pre-treatment with rutin protected gastric tissues against indomethacin-induced gastropathy as demonstrated from reduction in the ulcer index, attenuation of histopathological changes and amelioration of the altered oxidative stress and biochemical parameters. These results indicate that rutin has a protective effect against indomethacin-induced gastropathy probably through inhibiting neutrophil infiltration, suppression of oxidative stress generation and replenishing nitrite/nitrate levels regardless of gastric acidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ihab T Abdel-Raheem
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, AL-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt.
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Uneyama H, Niijima A, Kitamura A, Torii K. Existence of NO-triggered vagal afferent activation in the rat gastric mucosa. Life Sci 2009; 85:782-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2009.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2009] [Revised: 10/11/2009] [Accepted: 10/12/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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49
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Li XL, Cai YQ, Qin H, Wu YJ. Therapeutic effect and mechanism of proanthocyanidins from grape seeds in rats with TNBS-induced ulcerative colitis. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2009; 86:841-9. [PMID: 19088805 DOI: 10.1139/y08-089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate the therapeutic effect and mechanism of proanthocyanidins from grape seeds (GSPE) in the treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC). Rats were intragastrically administered different doses of GSPE (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) per day for 7 days after UC was twice-induced by intracolonic injection of 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)dissolved in 50% ethanol. Sulfasalazine (SASP) at 200 mg/kg was used as a positive control drug. Macroscopic and microscopic damage scores and changes in weight/length ratio (mg/mm) of colon segments were analyzed. The levels of malonyldialdehyde (MDA), interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-2, IL-4, and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity in the colon tissues and MPO activity in the serum were all measured by biochemical methods or double antibody sandwich ELISA methods. Compared with the TNBS control group, GSPE treatment facilitated recovery of pathologic changes in the colon after insult with TNBS, as demonstrated by increased body weight (p < 0.01) and decreased colonic weight/length ratio (p < 0.01); GSPE also notably reduced the colonic macroscopic and microscopic damage scores (p < 0.01). The MPO activity in colon tissues and serum of rats treated with GSPE was significantly lower than that in the TNBS control group. The MDA and IL-1beta levels of colon tissues were also decreased in GSPE groups. The intestinal antiinflammatory effect of GSPE was accompanied by a significant improvement of IL-2 and IL-4 levels in the colon tissues of rats in the high-dose GSPE group (p < 0.05). Compared with the SASP group, GSPE groups had no significant difference in the therapeutic effect (p > 0.05). GSPE exerts a beneficial antiinflammatory effect in the acute phase of TNBS-induced colitis in rats by downregulating some of the mediators involved in the intestinal inflammatory response, inhibiting inflammatory cell infiltration and antioxidation damage, promoting damaged tissue repair to improve colonic oxidative stress, decreasing production of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1beta, and increasing production of antiinflammatory cytokines IL-2 and IL-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Li Li
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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Michael S, Kelber O, Hauschildt S, Spanel-Borowski K, Nieber K. Inhibition of inflammation-induced alterations in rat small intestine by the herbal preparations STW 5 and STW 6. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2009; 16:161-171. [PMID: 19196500 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2008.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2008] [Revised: 09/10/2008] [Accepted: 10/23/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is a common mechanism of many gastrointestinal diseases. Therefore, it is interesting to know, whether complex phytopharmaceuticals known to modulate gastrointestinal motor function reveal also anti-inflammatory properties. We tested the fixed herbal combination product STW 5 (Iberogast((R))) and its main component Iberis amara fresh plant extract (STW 6) to characterize their protective potential in an experimental inflammation model in vitro. The test system consisted of ileum/jejunum segments from male Wistar rats. Inflammation was evoked by intraluminal instillation of 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS) for 30min. Preincubation of TNBS together with STW 5 and STW 6 prevented the TNBS-induced inhibition of ACh-induced contractions. No differences were found between water-dissolved and ethanol-dissolved extracts. STW 5 and STW 6 reduced morphological changes induced by TNBS in mucosal and muscle layers. The IL-10 mRNA measured by qRT-PCR was not influenced by TNBS but increased by STW 5 and STW 6. The TNBS-induced increase in the TNFalpha-mRNA expression was suppressed by STW 5 but not by STW 6. Additionally, STW 5 decreased TNFalpha release in LPS-stimulated human monocytes. STW 6 influenced neither the TNFalpha-mRNA nor the TNFalpha release. These findings demonstrate that STW 5 reduced inflammation-induced alterations in ileum/jejunum segments. The effects were associated with a restoration of the disturbed ACh-induced contraction, pathohistological protection and inhibition of TNFalpha. STW 6 may contribute to the protective effect of STW 5 mainly by increasing IL-10 pathway but not by influencing TNFalpha.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Michael
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmacology for Natural Sciences, University Leipzig, Talstrasse 33, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
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