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Arunachalam K, Matchado MS, Damazo AS, Cardoso CAL, Castro TLAD, Baranoski A, Neves SCD, Martins DTDO, Nascimento VAD, Oliveira RJ. Casearia sylvestris var. lingua (Càmbess.) Eichler leaves aqueous extract improves colon inflammation through mucogenic, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions in TNBS- induced IBD rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 332:118393. [PMID: 38801913 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Casearia sylvestris var. lingua (Cambess.) Eichler, a member of the Salicaceae family, holds a prominent place in traditional medicine across various cultures due to its versatile therapeutic properties. Historically, indigenous communities have utilized different parts of the plant, including leaves, bark, and roots, to address a wide array of health conditions. Traditional uses of C. sylvestris var. lingua encompasses the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders, respiratory infections, wound healing, inflammation, and stomach ulcers. Pharmacological studies have demonstrated the plant's antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, analgesic, gastroprotective, and immunomodulatory effects. This signifies the first scientific validation report for C. sylvestris var. lingua regarding its effectiveness against ulcerative colitis. The report aims to affirm the traditional use of this plant through pre-clinical experiments. AIM OF THE RESEARCH This work uses an aqueous extract from C. sylvestris var. lingua leaves (AECs) to evaluate the acute anti-ulcerative colitis efficacy in rat and HT-29 (human colorectal cancer cell line) models. METHODS To determine the secondary metabolites of AECs, liquid chromatography with a diode array detector (LC-DAD) study was carried out. 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS, 30 mg/0.25 mL EtOH 30% v/v) was used as an enema to cause acute colitis. Three days were spent giving the C. sylvestris var. lingua extract orally by gavage at dosages of 3, 30, and 300 mg/kg. The same route was used to deliver distilled water to the vehicle and naïve groups. After the animals were sacrificed on the fourth day, intestinal tissues were taken for histological examination and evaluation of biochemical tests such as those measuring superoxide dismutase (SOD), reduced glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT), malondialdehyde (MDA), nitrite/nitrate, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity. Additionally, interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin 10 (IL-10), were conducted on the intestinal tissues. Additionally, an MTT assay was used to evaluate the effect of AECs on the viability of HT-29 cells. Additionally, a molecular docking study was carried out to compare some potential target proteins with identified chemicals found in AECs. RESULTS LC-DAD analysis identified five compounds (caffeic acid, ellagic acid, ferulic acid, gallic acid, and quercetin) in AECs. Pre-administration of AECs (3; 30; 300 mg/kg) and mesalazine (500 mg/kg) reduced macroscopic scores (55%, 47%, 45%, and 52%, p < 0.001) and ulcerated areas (70.3%, 70.5%, 57%, and 56%, p < 0.001), respectively. It also increased SOD, GSH, and CAT activities (p < 0.01), while decreasing MDA (p < 0.001), nitrite/nitrate (p < 0.05), and MPO (p < 0.001) activities compared to the colitis group. Concerning inflammatory markers, significant modulations were observed: AECs (3, 30, and 300 mg/kg) lowered levels of IL-1β and TNF-α (p < 0.001) and increased IL-10 levels (p < 0.001) compared to the colitis groups. The viability of HT-29 cells was suppressed by AECs with an IC50 of 195.90 ± 0.01 μg/mL (48 h). During the molecular docking analysis, quercetin, gallic acid, ferulic acid, caffeic acid, and ellagic acid demonstrated consistent binding affinities, forming stable interactions with the 3w3l (TLR8) and the 3ds6 (MAPK14) complexes. CONCLUSION These results imply that the intestinal mucogenic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties of the C. sylvestris var. lingua leaf extract may be involved in its therapeutic actions for ulcerative colitis. The results of the in silico study point to the possibility of quercetin and ellagic acid interacting with P38 and TLR8, respectively, in a beneficial way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karuppusamy Arunachalam
- Center for Studies in Stem Cells, Cell Therapy and Toxicological Genetics (CeTroGen), Federal University of Mato Grosso Do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, 79070-900, MS, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Health and Development of the Midwest Region, School of Medicine (FAMED), Federal University of Mato Grosso Do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, 79070-900, MS, Brazil.
| | - Monica Steffi Matchado
- Ganga Orthopaedic Research & Education Foundation (GOREF), Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Amilcar Sabino Damazo
- Histology Laboratory, Department of Basic Sciences in Health, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT), Cuiabá, MT, Brazil.
| | - Claudia Andrea Lima Cardoso
- Postgraduate Program in Natural Resources, State University of Mato Grosso Do Sul, Cidade Universitária de Dourados, Rodovia Itahum, Km 12, Dourados, MS, 79804-970, Brazil.
| | - Thiago Luis Aguayo de Castro
- Postgraduate Program in Natural Resources, State University of Mato Grosso Do Sul, Cidade Universitária de Dourados, Rodovia Itahum, Km 12, Dourados, MS, 79804-970, Brazil.
| | - Adrivanio Baranoski
- Center for Studies in Stem Cells, Cell Therapy and Toxicological Genetics (CeTroGen), Federal University of Mato Grosso Do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, 79070-900, MS, Brazil.
| | - Silvia Cordeiro das Neves
- Center for Studies in Stem Cells, Cell Therapy and Toxicological Genetics (CeTroGen), Federal University of Mato Grosso Do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, 79070-900, MS, Brazil.
| | | | - Valter Aragão do Nascimento
- Postgraduate Program in Health and Development of the Midwest Region, School of Medicine (FAMED), Federal University of Mato Grosso Do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, 79070-900, MS, Brazil.
| | - Rodrigo Juliano Oliveira
- Center for Studies in Stem Cells, Cell Therapy and Toxicological Genetics (CeTroGen), Federal University of Mato Grosso Do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, 79070-900, MS, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Health and Development of the Midwest Region, School of Medicine (FAMED), Federal University of Mato Grosso Do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, 79070-900, MS, Brazil.
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Pinto GFS, Roma LP, Kolb RM. Phytotoxicity of organic extracts of five medicinal plants of the Neotropical savanna. BRAZ J BIOL 2023; 83:e270122. [PMID: 37075426 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.270122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Medicinal plants produce a high diversity of secondary metabolites with different biological activities, which are commonly evaluated when prospecting for bioherbicides. We analyzed the phytotoxic activity of organic extracts from the leaves of five medicinal species, Byrsonima intermedia, Moquiniastrum polymorphum, Luehea candicans, Miconia chamissois, and Qualea cordata. Phytotoxicity was evaluated on the initial growth of cucumber seedlings through tests with different concentrations of hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol extracts. The results showed that all organic extracts and all concentrations affected cucumber development, with methanol extracts generally showing the greatest negative effect on the initial growth of the target species. The only exception was for M. chamissois extracts, in which the hexane extract had the greatest phytotoxicity. Furthermore, the organic extracts were subjected to preliminary phytochemical analysis, revealing the widespread presence of alkaloids along with other chemical classes. All the study species are thus potential candidates for use as natural herbicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- G F S Pinto
- Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Faculdade de Ciências e Letras, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Anatomia e Fisiologia Ecológica de Plantas, Câmpus de Assis, Assis, SP, Brasil
| | - L P Roma
- Universidade de São Paulo - USP, Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Botânica, Laboratório de Fitoquímica, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - R M Kolb
- Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Faculdade de Ciências e Letras, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Anatomia e Fisiologia Ecológica de Plantas, Câmpus de Assis, Assis, SP, Brasil
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Duraisamy GS, Jo E, Huvarova I, Park KHP, Heger Z, Adam V, Růžek D, Windisch MP, Miller AD. Selected ginsenosides interfere efficiently with hepatitis B virus mRNA expression levels and suppress viral surface antigen secretion. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10465. [PMID: 36110238 PMCID: PMC9468399 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Ginsenosides are a class of natural steroid glycosides and triterpene saponins found in Panax ginseng. After screening of a commercial ginsenoside compound library for low cellular cytotoxicity and the ability to mediate efficient reductions in hepatitis B virus (HBV) mRNA expression levels in HepG2.2.15 cells, three ginsenosides (Rg6, Rh4, and Rb3) are selected. Thereafter, using the same cellular model, all three ginsenosides are shown to mediate efficient, selective inhibition of HBV mRNA expression levels, and also interfere with the secretion of both HBV particles and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). Drug combination studies are performed in both HepG2.2.15 and HBV-infected HepG2-NTCPsec+ cell models with the selected ginsenosides and lamivudine (LMV), a nucleoside analogue used to treat chronic hepatitis B (CHB) infections. These studies, involving RT-qPCR and ELISA, suggest that Rh4/LMV combinations in particular act synergistically to inhibit the secretion of HBV particles and HBsAg. Therefore, on the assumption that appropriate in vivo data are in future agreement, Rh4, in particular, might be used in combination with nucleoside/nucleotide analogues (NUCs) to devise an effective, cost-efficient combination therapy for the treatment of patients with CHB infections.
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González-Maldonado P, Alvarenga N, Burgos-Edwards A, Flores-Giubi ME, Barúa JE, Romero-Rodríguez MC, Soto-Rifo R, Valiente-Echeverría F, Langjahr P, Cantero-González G, Sotelo PH. Screening of Natural Products Inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 Entry. Molecules 2022; 27:1743. [PMID: 35268843 PMCID: PMC8911944 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27051743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has led to the search for new molecules with antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2. The entry of the virus into the cell is one of the main targets for inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 infection. Natural products are an important source of new therapeutic alternatives against diseases. Pseudotyped viruses allow the study of SARS-CoV-2 viral entry inhibitors, and due to their simplicity, they allow the screening of a large number of antiviral candidates in Biosafety Level 2 facilities. We used pseudotyped HIV-1 with the D614G SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein to test its ability to infect ACE2-expressing HEK 293T cells in the presence of diverse natural products, including 21 plant extracts, 7 essential oils, and 13 compounds from plants and fungi. The 50% cytotoxic concentration (CC50) was evaluated using the resazurin method. From these analyses, we determined the inhibitory activity of the extract of Stachytarpheta cayennensis, which had a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 91.65 µg/mL, a CC50 of 693.5 µg/mL, and a selectivity index (SI) of 7.57, indicating its potential use as an inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 entry. Moreover, our work indicates the usefulness of the pseudotyped-virus system in the screening of SARS-CoV-2 entry inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela González-Maldonado
- Biotechnology Department, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, San Lorenzo 111421, Paraguay; (P.G.-M.); (P.L.); (G.C.-G.)
| | - Nelson Alvarenga
- Phytochemistry Department, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, San Lorenzo 111421, Paraguay; (N.A.); (A.B.-E.)
| | - Alberto Burgos-Edwards
- Phytochemistry Department, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, San Lorenzo 111421, Paraguay; (N.A.); (A.B.-E.)
| | - Ma. Eugenia Flores-Giubi
- Biological Chemistry Department, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, San Lorenzo 111421, Paraguay; (M.E.F.-G.); (J.E.B.); (M.C.R.-R.)
| | - Javier E. Barúa
- Biological Chemistry Department, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, San Lorenzo 111421, Paraguay; (M.E.F.-G.); (J.E.B.); (M.C.R.-R.)
| | - Ma. Cristina Romero-Rodríguez
- Biological Chemistry Department, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, San Lorenzo 111421, Paraguay; (M.E.F.-G.); (J.E.B.); (M.C.R.-R.)
| | - Ricardo Soto-Rifo
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Virology, Virology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 834100, Chile; (R.S.-R.); (F.V.-E.)
| | - Fernando Valiente-Echeverría
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Virology, Virology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 834100, Chile; (R.S.-R.); (F.V.-E.)
| | - Patricia Langjahr
- Biotechnology Department, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, San Lorenzo 111421, Paraguay; (P.G.-M.); (P.L.); (G.C.-G.)
| | - Guadalupe Cantero-González
- Biotechnology Department, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, San Lorenzo 111421, Paraguay; (P.G.-M.); (P.L.); (G.C.-G.)
| | - Pablo H. Sotelo
- Biotechnology Department, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, San Lorenzo 111421, Paraguay; (P.G.-M.); (P.L.); (G.C.-G.)
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Andra S, Balu SK, Ramamoorthy R, Muthalagu M, Sampath D, Sivagnanam K, Arumugam G. Synthesis, characterization, and antimicrobial properties of novel dual drug loaded electrospun mat for wound dressing applications. J BIOACT COMPAT POL 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/08839115211046413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Wound healing properties of some herbs have been known for decades. Recently, electrospun mats have been used as a wound dressing material due to the high surface area of fiber and ease of incorporation of drug into the fiber matrix. In this aspect, the incorporation of herbal extracts in electrospun matrix could provide synergistic effect for wound healing. In the present work, extracts from Cissus quadrangularis (CQ) and Galinsoga parviflora Cav (GP) were loaded into the PVA solution in different proportions. These solutions were used to produce nanofibrous mat in electrospinning and the characteristics of the mat were analyzed. The morphology of the fiber was analyzed using scanning electron microscope (SEM), the presence of functional groups was identified using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The result of drug release shows that the GP extract loaded PVA nanofibrous mat has sustained drug release of 28% after 8 h of incubation compared to CQ loaded PVA nanofibrous mat. This trend follows as the concentration of GP increases in the mixture. The antimicrobial efficiency of the prepared mat was evaluated against both Gram-negative bacteria E. coli and Gram-positive bacteria S. aureus. The prepared nanofibrous mat has shown excellent antibacterial activity, cell viability, hemocompatibility, and sufficient tensile properties which indicates that it could be a promising biomaterial for wound dressing application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swetha Andra
- Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Chennai Institute of Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Satheesh kumar Balu
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Murugesan Muthalagu
- Department of Textile Technology, Anna University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Devisri Sampath
- Department of Textile Technology, Anna University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Karthika Sivagnanam
- Department of Textile Technology, Anna University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Abstract
Coronavirus disease broke out as unexplained pneumonia in Wuhan, China. The disease soon became a pandemic and was formally named as coronavirus disease or COVID-19. The causative virus has been named as SARS-CoV-2 by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. The most common complication in COVID-19-affected patients appears to be acute respiratory distress syndrome. At present, mainly symptomatic treatments are being given to COVID-19 patients, and no drug has been proved to cure the disease. There has been vying among pharmaceutical and researcher to devise a cure. The phytotherapy or the phytomedicines have been acknowledged as effective immunity booster and potential to eliminate the viral infection. The Chinese approach toward traditional herbal medicines has already being acknowledged as antiviral and RNA synthesis inhibitors globally. The secondary metabolites of plants such as alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolic acids, and terpenoids have been the source of countless medicinal compounds. For example, well-known antimalarial chloroquine phosphate (analogue of quinine, originally extracted from the bark of cinchona tree) has broad-spectrum antiviral activities. Antiviral phytomedicines have already been used in past two coronavirus outbreaks, that is, SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. Ethnobotany or the folklore knowledge of medicinal plants, for instance, has also played a major role in the development of new drugs for centuries. Some species such as Lycoris radiata, Artemisia annua, Lindera aggregata, Isatis indigotica, Torreya nucifera, and Houttuynia cordata have already have proven their efficacies against certain ailments. Different plant parts can be consumed as raw or be modified into decoctions and tea for maximizing their effectivity. Moreover, phytochemicals can be regarded as best source of alternative and cheaper counterparts to synthetic medicines. Specifically, plants possessing antiinfluenza and antimalarial activities are potential candidates. Therefore this chapter will elucidate the phytoactive compounds and their sources and efficiencies in mitigating the COVID-19. This chapter will also serve a guideline to phytotherapy-based industries and public health.
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Rodríguez-Decuadro S, Dans PD, Borba MA, Benko-Iseppon AM, Cecchetto G. Gene isolation and structural characterization of a legume tree defensin with a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity. PLANTA 2019; 250:1757-1772. [PMID: 31428874 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-019-03260-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The recombinant EcgDf1 defensin has an antimicrobial effect against both plant and human pathogens. In silico analyses predict that EcgDf1 is prone to form dimers capable of interacting with the membranes of microorganisms. Plant defensins comprise a large family of antimicrobial peptides (AMP) with a wide range of biological functions. They are cysteine-rich molecules, highly sequence diverse but with a conserved and stable structure. In this work, a defensin gene (EcgDf1) was isolated from Erythrina crista-galli, a legume tree native from South America. The predicted peptide presents eight cysteines, with a γ-core motif GXCX3-9C and six cysteines distributed like the typical defensin αβ motif. The mature EcgDf1 coding sequence was heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli strains and purified by affinity chromatography. Possible dimer and oligomers of EcgDf1 were visible in SDS electrophoresis. Moreover, its 3D structure, determined by homology modeling, docking, and molecular dynamics simulations, was found to be compatible with the formation of homodimers between the β3 and β1-loop-α1, leaving the β2-loop-β3 free to interact with lipid membranes. The purified recombinant peptide inhibited the growth of several critical plant and human pathogens, like the opportunistic fungi Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger and the plant pathogens Clavibacter michiganensis ssp. michiganensis, Penicillium expansum, Botrytis cinerea, and Alternaria alternata. EcgDf1 is a promising candidate for the development of antimicrobial products for use in agriculture and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Rodríguez-Decuadro
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de la República, Garzón 780, 12900, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Pablo D Dans
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 10-12, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Joint BSC-IRB Research Program in Computational Biology, Baldiri Reixac 10-12, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Alejandra Borba
- Instituto de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias-Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, General Flores 2124, 11800, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Ana Maria Benko-Iseppon
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Centro de Biociências, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, Recife, PE, CEP 50.670-420, Brazil
| | - Gianna Cecchetto
- Departamento de Biociencias, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, General Flores 2124, 11800, Montevideo, Uruguay.
- Instituto de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias-Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, General Flores 2124, 11800, Montevideo, Uruguay.
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Silveira Rabelo AC, Caldeira Costa D. A review of biological and pharmacological activities of Baccharis trimera. Chem Biol Interact 2018; 296:65-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2018] [Revised: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Studzińska-Sroka E, Dudek-Makuch M, Chanaj-Kaczmarek J, Czepulis N, Korybalska K, Rutkowski R, Łuczak J, Grabowska K, Bylka W, Witowski J. Anti-inflammatory Activity and Phytochemical Profile of Galinsoga Parviflora Cav. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23092133. [PMID: 30149540 PMCID: PMC6225198 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23092133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of a hydroalcoholic extract from Galinsoga parviflora herb (GP) in some aspects of the endothelial cell function necessary for anti-inflammatory activity and wound healing and relate these to the GP phytochemical profile. This study demonstrated that the GP extract caused a dose-dependent reduction of IL-6 secretion on IL-1β-stimulated endothelial cells. The IL-6 release was decreased to 33% ± 9% while this did not influence the IL-6 secretion without stimulation. Additionally, the GP extract exhibited an anti-hyaluronidase activity (IC50 = 0.47 mg/mL), which was evidently stronger than the positive control kaempferol (IC50 = 0.78 mg/mL) as well as a moderate and concentration-dependent, antioxidant activity. The results of the scratch assay showed that exposure of the endothelial cells to GP induced complete healing of the damage after 12 h of the study. The phytochemical profile of the extract was studied by using spectrophotometric (total amount of polyphenols and flavonoids) and UPLC (phenolic acids) methods. The main compound in the GP extract was a chlorogenic acid (2.00 ± 0.01 mg/g by UPLC). The total content of polyphenols was 98.30 ± 0.14 mg of chlorogenic acid equivalent/g of the dry herb and content of flavonoids amounted to 6.15 ± 0.41 mg quercetin equivalent/g of the dry herb. Moreover, the presence of flavonoids in G. parviflora was provided after their isolation and identification by spectroscopic methods. In conclusion, it demonstrated that application of GP in the treatment of skin lesions gives possibility of wound healing based on antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and hyaluronidase-inhibiting activities of G. parviflora herb extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elżbieta Studzińska-Sroka
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Swiecickiego 4, 60-781 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Marlena Dudek-Makuch
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Swiecickiego 4, 60-781 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Justyna Chanaj-Kaczmarek
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Swiecickiego 4, 60-781 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Natasza Czepulis
- Department of Pathophysiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 8, 60-806 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Korybalska
- Department of Pathophysiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 8, 60-806 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Rafał Rutkowski
- Department of Pathophysiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 8, 60-806 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Joanna Łuczak
- Department of Pathophysiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 8, 60-806 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Karolina Grabowska
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Pharmaceutical Faculty, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Cracow, Poland.
| | - Wiesława Bylka
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Swiecickiego 4, 60-781 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Janusz Witowski
- Department of Pathophysiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 8, 60-806 Poznan, Poland.
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Pereira LX, Silva HKC, Longatti TR, Silva PP, Di Lorenzo Oliveira C, de Freitas Carneiro Proietti AB, Thomé RG, Vieira MDC, Carollo CA, Demarque DP, de Siqueira JM, dos Santos HB, Parreira GG, de Azambuja Ribeiro RIM. Achyrocline alata potentiates repair of skin full thickness excision in mice. J Tissue Viability 2017; 26:289-299. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtv.2017.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Bonfanti G, Bitencourt PER, Bona KSD, Peroza LR, Cargnelutti LO, Borges RM, Pigatto AGS, Fachinetto R, Boligon AA, Athayde ML, Gonçalves TDL, Moretto MB. Safety assessment and behavioral effects of Solanum guaraniticum leaf extract in rats. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2016. [DOI: 10.1590/s1984-82502016000100006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Solanum guaraniticum is a medicinal plant traditionally used to treat gastric and liver diseases. However, there is no documented evidence corroborating its safety. The present study evaluated the potential toxicity of S. guaraniticum leaf extract after acute administration in rats. Single doses of the extract (1.250, 2.500, and 5.000 mg/kg) were administered by gavage, and the rats were then monitored for 48 h and/or 14 days. Mortality, acute signs of toxicity, and general activity in the open field test were assessed as well as hematological and biochemical parameters, enzymatic activity (δ-aminolevulinate dehydratase and acetylcholinesterase), and oxidative stress parameters (lipid peroxidation level, non-protein thiol content, tissue catalase activity, and serum ferrous reducing power). Phytochemical analysis was also performed by HPLC. The results showed that extract administration produced no deaths (LD50 > 5,000 mg/kg), and no significant adverse effects regarding food consumption, body weight gain, gross pathology, or other parameters. However, the open field tests showed a decrease in spontaneous activity (crossing and rearing) mainly at 48 h after treatment. The results suggest that S. guaraniticum extract is not acutely toxic, but causes alterations in central nervous system activity.
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Chanaj-Kaczmarek J, Wysocki M, Karachitos A, Wojcińska M, Bartosz G, Matławska I, Kmita H. Effects of plant extract antioxidative phenolic compounds on energetic status and viability of Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells undergoing oxidative stress. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.04.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
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Toffoli-Kadri MC, Carollo CA, Lourenço LD, Felipe JL, Néspoli JHB, Wollf LGC, Resende GMS, de Lima JR, Franco VNP, Vieira MDC, de Siqueira JM. In vivo and in vitro anti-inflammatory properties of Achyrocline alata (Kunth) DC. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 153:461-468. [PMID: 24632016 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2013] [Revised: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/01/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Achyrocline alata is a locally marketed (Mato Grosso do Sul/ Brazil) herb used in folk medicine as an anti-inflammatory and a sedative. Evaluate the anti-inflammatory properties of Achyrocline alata in both in vivo and in vitro models. MATERIALS AND METHODS A hydroethanolic extract from inflorescences of Achyrocline alata (HEAa) was characterized by HPLC-DAD and compared to standards (chlorogenic acid; isoquercetrin; quercetin; 4,2',4'-trihydroxy-6'-methoxychalcone; gnaphalin; 3-O-methyl-quercetin; 3,5-dicaffeoyl-quinic acid and 4,5-dicaffeoyl-quinic acid). The in vivo anti-inflammatory properties of the HEAa (4, 20 and 100 mg/kg, per os) were evaluated using the following animal models: carrageenan-induced paw edema in rats, carrageenan-induced vascular permeability and peritonitis in mice and an acetic acid-induced writhing model to test antihyperalgesic activity in mice. In vitro assays were performed to study the effects of the HEAa (0.16, 0.8 and 4 mg/ml) on the cell viability, cell spreading and production of NO and H2O2 in stimulated macrophages. RESULTS The A. alata extract inhibited the development of edema and vascular permeability, reduced polymorphonuclear cell recruitment in the acute peritonitis assay and decreased the amount of writhing induced by acetic acid. The HEAa did not increase NO/H2O2 production, while it did inhibit production when the macrophages were stimulated by LPS or PMA at all tested concentrations. In the presence of HEAa, macrophage spreading did not increase even after stimulation with LPS. Additionally, the HEAa was nontoxic to macrophages at all tested concentrations. CONCLUSIONS The HEAa displayed anti-inflammatory and antihyperalgesic effects, which supports the use of this plant in folk medicine. These effects might be due to the flavonoids and phenylpropanoids derivatives present in the HEAa.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Letícia Dias Lourenço
- Laboratório de Biofisiofarmacologia, UFMS,CP 549, 79070-900, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Maria do Carmo Vieira
- Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, CP 322, 79825-070, Dourados-MS, Brazil
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Albano MN, da Silveira MR, Danielski LG, Florentino D, Petronilho F, Piovezan AP. Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of hydroalcoholic crude extract from Casearia sylvestris Sw. (Salicaceae). JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 147:612-617. [PMID: 23542040 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.03.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Revised: 03/17/2013] [Accepted: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Casearia sylvestris Sw. is widely used in popular medicine to treat inflammatory conditions. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of hydroalcoholic crude extract (HCE) taken from Casearia sylvestris Sw. (Salicaceae). METHODS AND RESULTS The effect of the HCE from this plant (3-300 mg/kg) on the reduction of inflammatory response to carrageenan was investigated in pleurisy in rats (intrapleural, 2% in 0.2 mL) or paw edema in mice (intraplantar, 300 μg/20 μL, right hind paw). The plant anti-inflammatory action was assessed by its capability in inhibiting cell migration, enzymatic activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and production of nitrite/nitrate or edema. The in vitro antioxidant activity of this extract against lipid peroxidation and damage to proteins was assessed as possible pathways to contribute as anti-inflammatory mechanisms. Carrageenan-induced hind paw edema (739.3 ± 11.9 μm) was reduced by HCE (30 mg/kg: 462.8 ± 28.38 μm) to similar extents as dexametasone (365.1 ± 16.7). In pleurisy, treatment of the animals with HCE (100mg/kg: 0.010 ± 0.001 mU/mg of protein) also reduced MPO activity augmented by carrageenan (0.020 ± 0.001 mU/mg of protein) as well as leukocytes migration (carrageenan: 17.8890 ± 2.3900 leukocytes/mL, HCE 100mg/kg: 7.0880 ± 9631 leukocytes/mL). Significant effects were also observed in animals treated with different doses of HCE in biochemical tests for oxidative stress analysis. CONCLUSION The anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of HCE from Casearia sylvestris Sw. suggests a potential therapeutic benefit of this plant in treatment of inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micheline N Albano
- Curso de Farmácia, Av. José Acácio Moreira, 787, Bairro DEHON, 84, 700-900 Tubarão, SC, Brazil.
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Zadra M, Piana M, de Brum TF, Boligon AA, de Freitas RB, Machado MM, Stefanello ST, Soares FAA, Athayde ML. Antioxidant Activity and phytochemical composition of the leaves of Solanum guaraniticum A. St.-Hil. Molecules 2012; 17:12560-74. [PMID: 23095898 PMCID: PMC6268556 DOI: 10.3390/molecules171112560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2012] [Revised: 10/13/2012] [Accepted: 10/16/2012] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Solanum guaraniticum is a shrub belonging to the Solanaceae family popularly known in Brazil as jurubeba or false-jurubeba. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant activity of crude extract and chloroform, ethyl acetate and n-butanol fractions from its leaves, verifying the ability to remove reactive species and identify and quantify phenolic compounds. The ethyl acetate fraction showed the highest amount of total polyphenols (546.57 ± 2.35 mg gallic acid equivalent/g) and the lowest IC(50) (9.11 ± 0.75 µg/mL) by the DPPH method. Furthermore, the chloroform fraction presented the highest content of flavonoids (75.73 ± 0.34 mg rutin equivalents/g), tannins (56.03 ± 0.68 mg catechin equivalents/g) and alkaloids (10.79 ± 0.06 mg/g). This fraction was effective in the scavenging of reactive species by 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate assay, in addition to completely reducing protein carbonyl content and reducing lipid peroxidation at basal levels even at low concentrations. Chlorogenic, caffeic and rosmarinic acids were identified and quantified by HPLC/DAD. These results show that S. guaraniticum is rich in phenolic compounds and has potential as an antioxidant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Zadra
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; ; Tel.: +55-55-3220-9618
| | - Mariana Piana
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; ; Tel.: +55-55-3220-9618
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16
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Cecílio AB, de Faria DB, Oliveira PDC, Caldas S, de Oliveira DA, Sobral MEG, Duarte MGR, Moreira CPDS, Silva CG, de Almeida VL. Screening of Brazilian medicinal plants for antiviral activity against rotavirus. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2012; 141:975-981. [PMID: 22469769 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2011] [Revised: 03/16/2012] [Accepted: 03/18/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Brazilian medicinal plants traditionally used for the treatment of diarrhoea were investigated for their in vitro antiviral activity against the simian rotavirus SA11. MATERIALS AND METHODS The ethanolic crude extracts of plants collected in the cerrado of Minas Gerais, Brazil were submitted to phytochemical screening. The cytotoxicity of the extracts was inferred by cellular morphologic alterations. Antiviral activity was assessed by the ability of the extracts to inhibit the cytopathic effect (CPE) of rotavirus on the treated cells. RT-PCR was performed to confirm and/or confront antiviral assay data. RESULTS The maximum non-toxic concentration ranged from 50 to 500 μg/mL. All extracts were toxic at a concentration of 5000 μg/mL but no extract showed cytotoxicity at 50 μg/mL. The species Byrsonima verbascifolia, Myracrodruon urundeuva, Eugenia dysenterica and Hymenaea courbaril exhibited the strongest in vitro activity against rotavirus. Their extracts prevented the formation of CPE, and RT-PCR analysis detected no amplification of genetic material from rotavirus. Tannins, flavonoids, saponins, coumarins and terpenes were the major classes of natural products found in the leaf extracts that showed antiviral activity. CONCLUSION Among the species studied, Byrsonima verbascifolia, Eugenia dysenterica, Hymenaea courbaril and Myracrodruon urundeuva showed potential activity against rotavirus and are worthy of further study. The present study corroborates ethnopharmacological data as a valuable source in the selection of plants with antiviral activity and to some extent validates their traditional uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alzira Batista Cecílio
- Diretoria de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento, Fundação Ezequiel Dias, Rua Conde Pereira Carneiro, 80, Gameleira, CEP 30510-010, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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17
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Ferreira PMP, Costa-Lotufo LV, Moraes MO, Barros FW, Martins AM, Cavalheiro AJ, Bolzani VS, Santos AG, Pessoa C. Folk uses and pharmacological properties of Casearia sylvestris: a medicinal review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 83:1373-84. [DOI: 10.1590/s0001-37652011005000040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2009] [Accepted: 05/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Folk uses and scientific investigations have highlighted the importance of Casearia sylvestris extracts and their relevant bioactive potential. The aim of this work was to review the pharmacological properties of C. sylvestris, emphasizing its anti-ulcer, anti-inflammatory, anti-ophidian and antitumor potentialities. Ethanolic extracts and essential oil of their leaves have antiulcerogenic activity and reduce gastric volume without altering the stomach pH, which corroborates their consumption on gastrointestinal disorders. Leaf water extracts show phospholipase A2 inhibitory activity that prevents damage effects on the muscular tissue after toxin inoculation. This antiphospholipasic action is probably related to the use as an anti-inflammatory, proposing a pharmacological blockage similar to that obtained with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on arachidonic acid and cyclooxygenase pathways. Bioguided-assay fractionations lead to the identification of secondary metabolites, especially the clerodane diterpenes casearins (A-X) and casearvestrins (A-C), compounds with a remarkable cytotoxic and antitumor action. Therefore, the C. sylvestris shrub holds a known worldwide pharmacological arsenal by its extensive folk utilization, exciting searches for new molecules and a better comprehension about biological properties.
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Lückemeyer DD, Müller VDM, Moritz MIG, Stoco PH, Schenkel EP, Barardi CRM, Reginatto FH, Simões CMO. Effects of Ilex paraguariensis A. St. Hil. (yerba mate) on herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 replication. Phytother Res 2011; 26:535-40. [PMID: 21915933 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.3590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2011] [Revised: 05/05/2011] [Accepted: 05/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The antiherpes effects of the crude extract obtained from Ilex paraguariensis leaves (yerba mate) and their purified fractions were investigated. The most active fraction was selected and assayed to determine the viral multiplication steps upon which it acted. In order to detect the major components of this fraction, thin layer chromatography (TLC) analysis was performed. The antiviral activity was evaluated against HSV-1 and HSV-2 by a viral plaque number reduction assay (IC(50) ) and the cytotoxicity by a MTT assay (CC(50) ). According to the obtained results, all tested samples showed antiherpes activity at noncytotoxic concentrations, and the ethyl acetate fraction was the most active (SI = CC(50) /IC(50) = 188.7 and 264.7 for HSV-1 and HSV-2, respectively). The results also demonstrated that this fraction exerts antiviral activity by the reduction of viral infectivity, the inhibition of virus entry into cells and cell-to-cell virus spread, as well as by the impaired levels of ICP27, ICP4, gD and gE proteins of HSV-1. The TLC analysis showed that this fraction contains monodesmosidic triterpenoid saponins, matesaponin-1 (a bidesmosidic one), caffeic and chlorogenic acids and rutin, which suggests that they could act synergistically and be responsible for the detected antiherpes activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Débora D Lückemeyer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, UFSC, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
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Brandão GC, Kroon EG, dos Santos JR, Stehmann JR, Lombardi JA, Braga de Oliveira A. Antiviral activity of Bignoniaceae species occurring in the State of Minas Gerais (Brazil): part 1. Lett Appl Microbiol 2011; 51:469-76. [PMID: 20840554 DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-765x.2010.02924.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To evaluate the antiviral activity of Bignoniaceae species occurring in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. METHODS AND RESULTS Ethanol extracts of different anatomical parts of bignoniaceous plant species have been evaluated in vitro against human herpesvirus type 1 (HSV-1), vaccinia virus (VACV) and murine encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. A total of 34 extracts from 18 plant species selected according to ethnopharmacological and taxonomic criteria were screened. Fifteen of the 34 extracts (44.1%) have disclosed antiviral activity against one or more of the viruses assayed with EC(50) values in the range of 23.2 ± 2.5-422.7 ± 10.9 μg ml(-1). CONCLUSIONS Twelve of the 34 extracts (35.3%) might be considered promising sources of antiviral natural products, as they have shown EC50 ≤ 100 μg ml(-1). The present screening discloses the high potential of the Bignoniaceae family as source of antiviral agents. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Active extracts were identified and deserve bioguided studies for the isolation of antiviral compounds and studies on mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- G C Brandão
- Laboratório de Fitoquímica, Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, Belo Horizonte MG, Brazil
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20
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Freitas AM, Almeida MTR, Andrighetti-Fröhner CR, Cardozo FTGS, Barardi CRM, Farias MR, Simões CMO. Antiviral activity-guided fractionation from Araucaria angustifolia leaves extract. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2009; 126:512-517. [PMID: 19761825 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2009.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2009] [Revised: 08/21/2009] [Accepted: 09/03/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Araucaria angustifolia (Bert.) O. Kuntze (Araucariaceae) is a Brazilian medicinal plant traditionally used for the treatment of various illnesses including dried skin, wounds, shingles, and sexually transmitted diseases. AIM OF THE STUDY The rationale of the study was to provide evidence of its antiherpes activity in order to confirm its popular use that could be related to herpes disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS The crude hydroethanolic extract (HE) obtained from Araucaria angustifolia leaves was submitted to a sequential liquid-liquid extraction with solvents of increased polarity. The HE and fractions obtained were evaluated for cytotoxicity and antiherpes activity (Herpes Simplex Virus type 1) by MTT assay. The most active fractions were selected to perform an in vitro antiviral activity-guided chromatographic fractionation. RESULTS The ethyl acetate (EA) and n-butanol (NB) fractions have shown the best results for antiherpetic activity and their further fractionation yielded 22 subfractions. From these subfractions, 14 were active, and the most potent antiherpetic activity was obtained for NB1-4 subfraction with selectivity index (SI) of 57.51. Chemical analysis of NB1-4 subfractions revealed the presence of proanthocyanidins and the known biflavonoids (bilobetin, II-7-O-methyl-robustaflavone and cupressuflavone). The same biflavonoids have been detected in EA subfractions. CONCLUSION The present study has shown that the hydroethanolic extract from Araucaria angustifolia leaves as well as many different fractions and subfractions exhibited antiherpes activity, supporting the use of this plant species in folk medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Freitas
- Departamento de Química, Centro Politécnico, Universidade Federal do Paraná, CP 19.081, CEP 81.531-990, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
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Melo FL, Benati FJ, Roman WA, de Mello JCP, Nozawa C, Linhares REC. The in vitro antiviral activity of an aliphatic nitro compound from Heteropteris aphrodisiaca. Microbiol Res 2008; 163:136-9. [PMID: 16735108 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2006.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/16/2006] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the antiviral activity of an aliphatic nitro compound (NC) isolated from Heteropteris aphrodisiaca O. Mach. (Malpighiaceae), a Brazilian medicinal plant. The NC was tested for its antiviral activity against poliovirus type 1 (PV-1) and bovine herpes virus type 1 (BHV-1) by plaque reduction assay in cell culture. The NC showed a moderate antiviral activity against PV-1 and BHV-1 in HEp-2 cells, and the 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) were 22.01 microg/ml (selectivity index (SI)=2.83) and 21.10 microg/ml (SI=2.95), respectively. At the highest concentration of the drug (40 microg/ml) a reduction of approximately 80% in plaque assay was observed for both viruses. The treatment of cells or virus prior to infection did not inhibit the replication of virus strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando L Melo
- Departamento de Microbiologia/CCB, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Caixa Postal 6001, CEP 86051-990 Londrina-Paraná, Brazil
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22
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Müller V, Chávez JH, Reginatto FH, Zucolotto SM, Niero R, Navarro D, Yunes RA, Schenkel EP, Barardi CRM, Zanetti CR, Simões CMO. Evaluation of antiviral activity of South American plant extracts against herpes simplex virus type 1 and rabies virus. Phytother Res 2008; 21:970-4. [PMID: 17604374 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.2198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes the screening of different South American plant extracts and fractions. Aqueous and organic extracts were prepared and tested for antiherpetic (HSV-1, KOS and 29R strains) and antirabies (PV strain) activities. The evaluation of the potential antiviral activity of these extracts was performed by using an MTT assay for HSV-1, and by a viral cytopathic effect (CPE) inhibitory method for rabies virus (RV). The results were expressed as 50% cytotoxicity (CC(50)) for MTT assay and 50% effective (EC(50)) concentrations for CPE, and with them it was possible to calculate the selectivity indices (SI = CC(50)/EC(50)) of each tested material. From the 18 extracts/fractions tested, six extracts and four fractions showed antiviral action. Ilex paraguariensis, Lafoensia pacari, Passiflora edulis, Rubus imperialis and Slonea guianensis showed values of SI > 7 against HSV-1 KOS and 29-R strains and Alamanda schottii showed a SI of 5.6 against RV, PV strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Müller
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, CCS, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis 88040-900, SC, Brasil
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Chattopadhyay D, Khan MTH. Ethnomedicines and ethnomedicinal phytophores against herpesviruses. BIOTECHNOLOGY ANNUAL REVIEW 2008; 14:297-348. [PMID: 18606369 DOI: 10.1016/s1387-2656(08)00012-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Herpesviruses are important human pathogens that can cause mild to severe lifelong infections with high morbidity in susceptible adults. Moreover, Herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 2, for example, has been reported to be responsible for increased transmission and disease progression of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Therefore, the discovery of novel anti-HSV drugs deserves great efforts. Herbal medicinal products have been used as source of putative candidate drugs in many diseases. However, in case of viral diseases the development of antivirals from natural source is less explored probably because within the virus there are few specific targets where the small molecules can interact to inhibit or kill the virus. The currently available antiherpes drugs are nucleoside analogs that did not cure the lifelong or recurrent infections and the use of these drugs often lead to the development of viral resistance coupled with the problem of side effects, recurrence and viral latency. However a wide array of herbal products, used by diverse medicinal systems throughout the world, showed high level of antiherpesvirus activities and many of them have complementary and overlapping mechanism of action, either by inhibiting viral replication, or viral genome synthesis. This chapter will summarize some of the promising herbal extracts and purified compounds isolated from the herbal sources by several laboratories. Cases with proven in vitro and documented in vivo activities, along with their structure-activity relationship against herpesviruses are discussed.
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Isobe T, Doe M, Morimoto Y, Nagata K, Masuoka N, Ohsaki A. [Biological activity tests of chemical constituents from two Brazilian Labiatae plants]. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2007; 127:389-95. [PMID: 17268160 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.127.389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We studied the bioactivities of constituents from two tropical medicinal plants, Cunila spicata and Hyptis fasciculata. These plants found in Brazil belong to the Labiatae family. Four known compounds obtained from these herbs were identified as 3alpha, 24-dihydoxylurs-12-en-28-oic acid, betulinic acid, aurantiamide acetate, and aurantiamide benzoate by spectroscopic means. 3alpha, 24-Dihydoxylurs-12-en-28-oic acid has potent inhibitory activity against Streptococcus salivarius, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, and Porphyromomas gingivalis. Aurantiamide benzoate exhibited moderate inhibitory activity against xanthine oxidase. It was clarified that herbs Cunila spicata and Hyptis fasciculata are effective against bronchitis and gout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiko Isobe
- Department of Chemistry, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya City, Japan.
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25
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Herbal extracts and compounds active against herpes simplex virus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s1572-557x(05)02005-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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26
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Khan MTH, Ather A, Thompson KD, Gambari R. Extracts and molecules from medicinal plants against herpes simplex viruses. Antiviral Res 2005; 67:107-19. [PMID: 16040137 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2005.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2004] [Revised: 05/30/2005] [Accepted: 05/31/2005] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Herpes simplex viruses (HSV-1 and -2) are important pathogens for humans, especially in the case of highly susceptible adults. Moreover, HSV-2 has been reported to be a high risk factor for HIV infection. Therefore, the discovery of novel anti-HSV drugs deserves great efforts. In this paper, we review anti-HSV substances from natural sources, including both extracts and pure compounds from herbal medicines, reported in studies from several laboratories. The role of traditional medicine for the development of anti-HSV compounds is also discussed. Interestingly, it was found that traditional medicines, like Ayurvedic, traditional Chinese (TCM), Chakma medicines, are good and potential sources for promising anti-HSV drugs. A second objective of this review is to discuss several anti-HSV compounds with respect to their structure-activity relationship (SAR). A large number of small molecules, like phenolics, polyphenols, terpenes (e.g., mono-, di-, tri-), flavonoids, sugar-containing compounds, were found to be promising anti-herpetic agents. Our major conclusion is that natural products from medicinal plant extracts are very important source of anti-HSV agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmud Tareq Hassan Khan
- Pharmacology Research Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Science and Technology Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh.
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Ferro EA, Alvarenga NL, Ibarrola DA, Hellión-Ibarrola MC, Ravelo AG. A new steroidal saponin from Solanum sisymbriifolium roots. Fitoterapia 2005; 76:577-9. [PMID: 15990250 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2005.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2004] [Accepted: 04/27/2005] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Isonuatigenin-3-O-beta-solatriose (1) was isolated from the roots of Solanum sisymbriifolium. Its structure was determined by spectroscopic methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Ferro
- Departamento de Fitoquímica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, Paraguay.
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28
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Bettega JMR, Teixeira H, Bassani VL, Barardi CRM, Simões CMO. Evaluation of the antiherpetic activity of standardized extracts of Achyrocline satureioides. Phytother Res 2005; 18:819-23. [PMID: 15551398 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.1568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Traditionally, Achyrocline satureioides or 'marcela' has been used in South America for the treatment of several disorders. For the present study, three spray-dried extracts (N1, N2 and N3) were used, all of them prepared with 50% of an hydroethanolic extract rich in flavonoid compounds and 50% of blends of different adjuvants. The cytotoxic concentration which causes destruction in 50% monolayer cells (CC50) was 62.5 microg/ml for the three extracts. The antiviral activity was evaluated by using two different strains of herpes simplex virus (HSV-1) and the best results were obtained with KOS strain and N2 extract. Studies concerning the mechanism of the antiherpetic activity demonstrated that N2 extracts showed no virucidal effect or activity on cellular receptors. HSV-1 DNA synthesis was not inhibited. The antiherpetic activity occurred between the second and ninth hour of the virus replication cycle, probably indicating a perturbation on late stages of this cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M R Bettega
- Laboratório de Virologia Aplicada Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas (CIF/CCS), Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
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29
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Ruffa MJ, Wagner ML, Suriano M, Vicente C, Nadinic J, Pampuro S, Salomón H, Campos RH, Cavallaro L. Inhibitory effect of medicinal herbs against RNA and DNA viruses. Antivir Chem Chemother 2005; 15:153-9. [PMID: 15266897 DOI: 10.1177/095632020401500305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Fifteen Argentine medicinal plants were tested for their antiviral activity in vitro against herpes simplex viruses types 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and 2), bovine viral diarrhoea virus type 1 (BVDV-1), influenza virus type A (Inf A) and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Antiviral activity was evaluated by a reduction in cytopathic effect, plaque-forming units and p24 HIV-1 antigen. The Selective Index of the active extract (SI(extract) = CC50(extract)/EC50(extract)) of Coronopus didymus (SI(extract) = 110.7), Juglans australis (SI(extract) = 8.1) and Lippia alba (SI(extract) = 19.2) against BVDV-1, HSV-1 and influenza A virus, respectively, justify a further analysis. None of the seven plants assayed against HIV-1 displayed any antiviral activity. The results of this study justify the continuing isolation and characterization of the antiviral components present.
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30
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Barquero AA, Alché LE, Coto CE. Block of vesicular stomatitis virus endocytic and exocytic pathways by 1-cinnamoyl-3,11-dihydroxymeliacarpin, a tetranortriterpenoid of natural origin. J Gen Virol 2004; 85:483-493. [PMID: 14769906 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.19343-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously, it has been shown that 1-cinnamoyl-3,11-dihydroxymeliacarpin (CDM), a natural compound isolated from leaf extracts ofMelia azedarachL., inhibits the vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) multiplication cycle when added before or after infection. Here, we have established that the lack of VSV protein synthesis in CDM pre-treated Vero cells is ascribed to the inhibition of an initial step during virus multiplication, although indirect immunofluorescence (IFI) studies confirmed that the binding and uptake of [35S]methionine-labelled VSV was not affected by CDM pre-treatment. Instead, our findings revealed that this compound impedes the uncoating of VSV nucleocapsids in pre-treated Vero cells, since the antiviral action of CDM was partially reversed by inducing VSV direct fusion at the plasma membrane, and VSV M protein fluorescence was confined to the endosomes, even 2 h post-internalization. Furthermore, CDM induced cytoplasmic alkalinization, as shown by acridine orange staining, consistent with the inhibition of virus uncoating. Although VSV proteins are synthesized when CDM is added after infection, IFI studies revealed that G protein was absent from the surface of infected cells and co-localized with a Golgi marker. Therefore, CDM inhibits the transport of G protein to the plasma membrane. Taken together, these findings indicate that CDM exerts its antiviral action on the endocytic and exocytic pathways of VSV by pre- or post-treatment, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea A Barquero
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Biochemistry, School of Science, University of Buenos Aires, Pabellón II, Piso 4to, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428BGA Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Laura E Alché
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Biochemistry, School of Science, University of Buenos Aires, Pabellón II, Piso 4to, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428BGA Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Celia E Coto
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Biochemistry, School of Science, University of Buenos Aires, Pabellón II, Piso 4to, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428BGA Buenos Aires, Argentina
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31
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De Souza KCB, Schapoval EES, Bassani VL. LC determination of flavonoids: separation of quercetin, luteolin and 3-O-methylquercetin in Achyrocline satureioides preparations. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2002; 28:771-7. [PMID: 12008157 DOI: 10.1016/s0731-7085(01)00693-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The pharmacological activities of the flavonoids show the interest in quantifying these constituents in phytopharmaceutical preparations, as well as in the validation of the analytical methodologies. LC methods have been reported to quantify isolated flavonoids or these compounds in complex biological matrices, such as herbal raw materials and extractive preparations. This work was designed, therefore, to develop an LC system to separate quercetin, luteolin and 3-O-methylquercetin and to quantify them in extractive solutions from Achyrocline satureioides. The main validation parameters of the method are also determined. The method showed linearity for quercetin and luteolin in the range 1-10 microg/ml. The aqueous and ethanol 80% extractive solutions showed linear response in the range 2.5-20 microl/ml and ethanol 40% extractive solution in the range 2.5-10 microl/ml. Precision and accuracy were determined for ethanol 80% extractive solution, in the concentration of 10 microl/ml. The LC method showed an excellent performance in separating the flavonoids quercetin, luteolin and 3-O-methylquercetin in A. satureioides extracts, since the presence of interference has been previously evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- K C B De Souza
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga, 2752, 90610-000 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Schmitt AC, Ravazzolo AP, von Poser GL. Investigation of some Hypericum species native to Southern of Brazil for antiviral activity. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2001; 77:239-245. [PMID: 11535370 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-8741(01)00314-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Three plant species, Hypericum connatum, Hypericum caprifoliatum, Hypericum polyanthemum (Guttiferae), growing in Southern of Brazil were chemically investigated and tested for their antiviral activity against feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV). The chemical analysis revealed the presence of polyphenolic compounds such as tannins and flavonoids. Hypericin was not detected in these species. The aqueous extract (AE), the aqueous extract with low tannin concentration (LTCAE) and the methanolic extract (ME) were tested for their cytotoxic properties in concentrations of 50-150 microg/ml. AE was toxic to CRFK for the three species in all concentrations. LTCAE and ME varied between different concentrations being not toxic or allowing 80% of cell growth. LTCAE and ME (10-50 microg/ml) were analyzed for antiviral activity by inhibition of CPE and measuring FIV genome from cell culture supernatant. LTCAE of all species in this work did not cause any inhibition of FIV. Although no difference was seen in CPE, a lower number of viral particles in the supernatant was observed when FIV infected cells were treated with ME of H. connatum. These results suggest that some plants of the genus Hypericum from Southern Brazil contain compounds with potential antiviral activity against lentiviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Schmitt
- Departamento de Patologia Clínica Veterinária, Laboratório de Virologia Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 90540-000 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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