1
|
The marriage of chemokines and galectins as functional heterodimers. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:8073-8095. [PMID: 34767039 PMCID: PMC8629806 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-04010-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Trafficking of leukocytes and their local activity profile are of pivotal importance for many (patho)physiological processes. Fittingly, microenvironments are complex by nature, with multiple mediators originating from diverse cell types and playing roles in an intimately regulated manner. To dissect aspects of this complexity, effectors are initially identified and structurally characterized, thus prompting familial classification and establishing foci of research activity. In this regard, chemokines present themselves as role models to illustrate the diversification and fine-tuning of inflammatory processes. This in turn discloses the interplay among chemokines, their cell receptors and cognate glycosaminoglycans, as well as their capacity to engage in new molecular interactions that form hetero-oligomers between themselves and other classes of effector molecules. The growing realization of versatility of adhesion/growth-regulatory galectins that bind to glycans and proteins and their presence at sites of inflammation led to testing the hypothesis that chemokines and galectins can interact with each other by protein-protein interactions. In this review, we present some background on chemokines and galectins, as well as experimental validation of this chemokine-galectin heterodimer concept exemplified with CXCL12 and galectin-3 as proof-of-principle, as well as sketch out some emerging perspectives in this arena.
Collapse
|
2
|
Di Bonaventura G, Piccolomini R, Pompilio A, Zappacosta R, Piccolomini M, Neri M. Serum and Mucosal Cytokine Profiles in Patients with Active Helicobacter Pylori and Ischemic Heart Disease: Is There a Relationship? Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2016; 20:163-72. [PMID: 17346440 DOI: 10.1177/039463200702000119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This study is designed to investigate, for the first time, circulating and gastric mucosal levels of IL1-α, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α in patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD) and matched controls, according to the presence or absence of active Helicobacter pylori infection. Furthermore, in order to evaluate whether modified lipid profile was associated to an increased cardiovascular risk, this was determined in the same groups. Cytokine levels were measured using ELISA in 58 patients with IHD and 52 controls. Active H. pylori infection was assessed if either culture of H. pylori or rapid urease test gave a positive result. Our findings indicate increasing cytokine mucosal levels in H. pylori-positive patients compared to H. pylori-negative subjects. However, the increase was statistically significant only for IL-6 and TNF-α in the gastric mucosa of IHD patients. In H. pylori-positive controls, IL-8 mucosal levels positively correlated with both IL-1α (r = 0.98; P = 0.0003) and IL-6 (r = 0.83; P = 0.03) levels. Circulating cytokine levels were comparable in IHD and healthy subjects, regardless of H. pylori status. There were no correlations between mucosal and circulating cytokine levels. Active H. pylori infection was not associated with a modified lipid profile in either controls or IHD patients, although ApoAI levels were significantly higher in H. fly/ort'-positive controls compared to those H. pylori-negative. Taken together, the results of the present study provide evidence that active H. pylori infection may play a role as a trigger factor in the pathophysiology of IHD by inducing an inflammatory cascade concentrated on gastric mucosa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Di Bonaventura
- Aging Research Center, Ce.S.I., Gabriele d'Annunzio University Foundation, Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Campylobacter jejuni-mediated induction of CC and CXC chemokines and chemokine receptors in human dendritic cells. Infect Immun 2012; 80:2929-39. [PMID: 22689814 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00129-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is a leading worldwide bacterial cause of human diarrheal disease. Although the specific molecular mechanisms of C. jejuni pathogenesis have not been characterized in detail, host inflammatory responses are thought to be major contributing factors to the resulting typical acute colitis. The intestinal mucosal chemokine response is particularly important in the initial stages of bacterium-induced gut inflammation. Chemokines attract blood phagocytes and lymphocytes to the site of infection and regulate immune cell maturation and the development of localized lymphoid tissues. The production of chemokines by dendritic cells (DCs) following Campylobacter infection has not yet been analyzed. In the current study, we infected human monocyte-derived DCs with C. jejuni to examine the production of key proinflammatory chemokines and chemokine receptors. The chemokines, including CC families (macrophage inflammatory protein 1α [MIP-1α], MIP-1β, RANTES) and CXC families (growth-related oncogene α [GRO-α], IP-10, and monokine induced by gamma interferon [MIG]), were upregulated in Campylobacter-infected DCs. Chemokine receptors CCR6 and CCR7, with roles in DC trafficking, were also induced in Campylobacter-infected DCs. Further, Campylobacter infection stimulated the phosphorylation of P38, P44/42, and stress-activated protein kinase/Jun N-terminal kinase (SAPK/JNK) mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) in DCs. NF-κB activation was specifically involved in chemokine induction in DCs infected with C. jejuni. Additionally, STAT3 was significantly increased in Campylobacter-infected DCs compared to that in uninfected DCs. These results suggest that DCs play a significant role in the initiation and modulation of the inflammatory response by enlisting monocytes, neutrophils, and T lymphocytes during human intestinal infection with Campylobacter.
Collapse
|
4
|
Owen JL, Criscitiello MF, Libreros S, Garcia-Areas R, Guthrie K, Torroella-Kouri M, Iragavarapu-Charyulu V. Expression of the inflammatory chemokines CCL2, CCL5 and CXCL2 and the receptors CCR1-3 and CXCR2 in T lymphocytes from mammary tumor-bearing mice. Cell Immunol 2011; 270:172-82. [PMID: 21621198 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2011.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2010] [Revised: 03/24/2011] [Accepted: 05/03/2011] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Chemokines and their receptors have been studied in several solid tumor models as mediators of inflammation. In turn, inflammation has been implicated in the promotion and progression of tumors, and as such, chemokines have been proposed as novel molecular targets for chemotherapy. While the expression of these molecules has been described in tumor cells, endothelial cells, macrophages and neutrophils, less attention has been paid to the expression profile of these molecules by T lymphocytes in the periphery or infiltrating the tumor. Using the D1-DMBA-3 murine mammary adenocarcinoma model, we aimed to better characterize the differential expression of chemokines and/or their receptors in the host and in the tumor microenvironment, and specifically, in the T cells of tumor-bearing mice compared to normal control animals. We found that T lymphocytes from tumor-bearing mice express the pro-inflammatory chemokines, CCL2, CCL5 and CXCL2, as well as the chemokine receptors, CCR1, CCR2, CCR3 and CXCR2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Owen
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sharma M. Chemokines and their receptors: orchestrating a fine balance between health and disease. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2010. [DOI: 10.3109/07388550903187418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
6
|
Silverstein DM. Inflammation after renal transplantation: Role in the development of graft dysfunction and potential therapies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.3109/17471060802302339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
7
|
Machado RR, Soares DM, Soares DM, Proudfoot AE, Souza GEP. CCR1 and CCR5 chemokine receptors are involved in fever induced by LPS (E. coli) and RANTES in rats. Brain Res 2007; 1161:21-31. [PMID: 17604006 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2007.05.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2006] [Revised: 05/07/2007] [Accepted: 05/08/2007] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
This study, besides examining the involvement of CCR1 and CCR5 receptors in the LPS-induced fever (lipopolysaccharide, Escherichia coli) in male Wistar rats, evaluated if RANTES (regulated on activation, normal T cells expressed and secreted) injected into the preoptic area of the anterior hypothalamus (AH/POA) would promote an integrated febrile response via these receptors. Moreover, the effects of selective and non-selective cyclooxygenase blockers on both fever and the level of prostaglandin (PG)E(2) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) after injection of RANTES into the AH/POA were also investigated. Met-RANTES, CCR1 and CCR5 receptor antagonist, reduced LPS-evoked fever dose dependently. RANTES microinjected into the AH/POA increased the rectal temperature of rats dose dependently and caused a significant decrease in the tail skin temperature and an increase (at 2.5 and 5 h) of the levels of PGE(2) in the CSF. Met-RANTES prevented the fever induced by RANTES. Ibuprofen abolished the fever caused by RANTES between 60 min and 2.5 h, and it reduced the temperature until the end of observation period. Celecoxib blocked the RANTES-induced fever, while indomethacin reduced it in the last 60 min of the experimental period. At 2.5 and 5 h all antipyretics brought the CSF PGE(2) level near to the control. These results indicate that CCR1 and CCR5 receptors are involved in the fever induced by systemic LPS and intrahypothalamic RANTES. RANTES promotes an integrated febrile response accompanied by an increase of CSF PGE(2). The inhibitory effects of celecoxib and ibuprofen suggest that PGE(2) was generated via COX-2. As indomethacin dissociates fever and the decrease of PGE(2) level during the RANTES-induced fever, an alternative COX-2-independent pathway or other mechanisms of action of celecoxib and ibuprofen might be considered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renes R Machado
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Huang B, Ahn YT, McPherson L, Clayberger C, Krensky AM. Interaction of PRP4 with Kruppel-like factor 13 regulates CCL5 transcription. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2007; 178:7081-7. [PMID: 17513757 PMCID: PMC2674583 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.178.11.7081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Activation of resting T lymphocytes initiates differentiation into mature effector cells over 3-7 days. The chemokine CCL5 (RANTES) and its major transcriptional regulator, Krüppel-like factor 13 (KLF13), are expressed late (3-5 days) after activation in T lymphocytes. Using yeast two-hybrid screening of a human thymus cDNA library, PRP4, a serine/threonine protein kinase, was identified as a KLF13-binding protein. Specific interaction of KLF13 and PRP4 was confirmed by reciprocal coimmunoprecipitation. PRP4 is expressed in PHA-stimulated human T lymphocytes from days 1 and 7 with a peak at day 3. Using an in vitro kinase assay, it was found that PRP4 phosphorylates KLF13. Furthermore, although phosphorylation of KLF13 by PRP4 results in lower binding affinity to the A/B site of the CCL5 promoter, coexpression of PRP4 and KLF13 increases nuclear localization of KLF13 and CCL5 transcription. Finally, knock-down of PRP4 by small interfering RNA markedly decreases CCL5 expression in T lymphocytes. Thus, PRP4-mediated phosphorylation of KLF13 plays a role in the regulation of CCL5 expression in T lymphocytes.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Active Transport, Cell Nucleus/genetics
- Active Transport, Cell Nucleus/immunology
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- COS Cells
- Cell Cycle Proteins/biosynthesis
- Cell Cycle Proteins/genetics
- Cell Cycle Proteins/physiology
- Cells, Cultured
- Chemokine CCL5/biosynthesis
- Chemokine CCL5/genetics
- Chemokine CCL5/metabolism
- Chemokines, CC/biosynthesis
- Chemokines, CC/genetics
- Chemokines, CC/metabolism
- Chlorocebus aethiops
- Gene Expression Regulation/immunology
- Humans
- Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors/biosynthesis
- Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors/genetics
- Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors/physiology
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/physiology
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Phosphorylation
- Protein Binding/genetics
- Protein Binding/immunology
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/biosynthesis
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism
- Repressor Proteins/biosynthesis
- Repressor Proteins/genetics
- Repressor Proteins/physiology
- Ribonucleoprotein, U4-U6 Small Nuclear/biosynthesis
- Ribonucleoprotein, U4-U6 Small Nuclear/genetics
- Ribonucleoprotein, U4-U6 Small Nuclear/metabolism
- Ribonucleoprotein, U4-U6 Small Nuclear/physiology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/enzymology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- Thymus Gland/cytology
- Thymus Gland/enzymology
- Thymus Gland/immunology
- Transcription, Genetic
- Two-Hybrid System Techniques
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Alan M. Krensky
- Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. Alan M. Krensky, Division of Immunology and Transplantation Biology, Stanford University, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305. E-mail address:
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Krensky AM, Ahn YT. Mechanisms of disease: regulation of RANTES (CCL5) in renal disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 3:164-70. [PMID: 17322928 PMCID: PMC2702760 DOI: 10.1038/ncpneph0418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2006] [Accepted: 12/06/2006] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Chemokines (chemoattractant cytokines) are fundamental regulators of immune cell movement from the bloodstream into tissues. Regulating expression of chemokines might, therefore, alleviate inflammation in autoimmune diseases and transplant rejection, or augment immune responses in cancer and immunodeficiency. RANTES (regulated upon activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted [also known as CCL5]) is a model chemokine of relevance to a myriad of diseases. Regulation of RANTES expression is complex. In fibroblasts and monocytes, rel proteins alone suffice to induce transcription of RANTES. By contrast, expression of RANTES in T lymphocytes 3-5 days after activation requires the development of a molecular complex (enhancesome) including KLF13 (Krueppel-like factor 13), rel proteins p50 and p65, and scaffolding proteins. This complex recruits enzymes involved in acetylation, methylation and phosphorylation of chromatin, and ultimately in the expression of RANTES. In addition, KLF13-the lynchpin for recruitment of this molecular complex-is itself translationally regulated. Such complex regulation of biological systems has major implications for the rational design of drugs aimed at increasing or decreasing inflammatory responses in patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alan M Krensky
- Division of Immunology and Transplantation Biology in the Department of Pediatrics at Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Liu Z, Hoeger S, Schnuelle P, Feng Y, Goettmann U, Waldherr R, van der Woude FJ, Yard B. Donor Dopamine Pretreatment Inhibits Tubulitis in Renal Allografts Subjected to Prolonged Cold Preservation. Transplantation 2007; 83:297-303. [PMID: 17297404 DOI: 10.1097/01.tp.0000251809.90609.e0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the present study, we used the Brown-Norway (BN) to Lewis model as a model for acute rejection, to test the hypothesis that dopamine (DA) treatment of BN donors significantly reduces the inflammatory response after renal transplantation. METHODS BN and Lewis rats (isograft controls) were treated for 24 hr with DA (5 microg/kg/min) or NaCl (0.9%), respectively. After 24 hr of cold storage in University of Wisconsin (UW) solution, renal allografts were orthotopically transplanted into Lewis recipients. All recipients received immunosuppression until they were sacrificed. Allografts were harvested one, three, five, and 10 days after transplantation and analyzed by light microscopy, immunohistochemistry (CD3, major histocompatibility complex [MHC] class II, ED1, P-selectin and intercellular adhesion molecule [ICAM]-1) and by RNase protection assay for cytokine mRNA. RESULTS Ten days after transplantation Banff tubulitis scores were significantly lower in DA-treated than in NaCl-treated allografts. No significant differences were found in Banff interstitial infiltration scores. The numbers of MHC class II+ and CD3+ cells were significantly decreased in DA-treated animals as assessed by immunohistochemistry. No differences were found in the number of ED1+, P-selectin+, and ICAM-1+ cells. The expression of Ltalpha, tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-1beta, and interleukin-2 mRNA was significantly reduced in DA-treated animals. CONCLUSION Our data indicate that donor DA treatment significantly inhibits tubulitis in renal allografts subjected to prolonged cold preservation. A reduced number of infiltrating MHC class II+ and CD3+ cells together with decreased cytokine expression could diminish renal scarring, reduce allograft immunogenicity, and hence improve transplantation outcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzi Liu
- Fifth Medical Clinic, Klinikum Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ahn YT, Huang B, McPherson L, Clayberger C, Krensky AM. Dynamic interplay of transcriptional machinery and chromatin regulates "late" expression of the chemokine RANTES in T lymphocytes. Mol Cell Biol 2006; 27:253-66. [PMID: 17074812 PMCID: PMC1800668 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.01071-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The chemokine RANTES (regulated upon activation normal T cell expressed and secreted) is expressed "late" (3 to 5 days) after activation in T lymphocytes. In order to understand the molecular events that accompany changes in gene expression, a detailed analysis of the interplay between transcriptional machinery and chromatin on the RANTES promoter over time was undertaken. Krüppel-like factor 13 (KLF13), a sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor, orchestrates the induction of RANTES expression in T lymphocytes by ordered recruitment of effector molecules, including Nemo-like kinase, p300/cyclic AMP response element binding protein (CBP), p300/CBP-associated factor, and Brahma-related gene 1, that initiate sequential changes in phosphorylation and acetylation of histones and ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling near the TATA box of the RANTES promoter. These events recruit RNA polymerase II to the RANTES promoter and are responsible for late expression of RANTES in T lymphocytes. Therefore, KLF13 is a key regulator of late RANTES expression in T lymphocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Tae Ahn
- Division of Immunology and Transplantation Biology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305-5164, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Abstract
Inflammation is an important manifestation of respiratory disease in domestic animals. The respiratory system is mucosal in nature and has specific defense mechanisms used to control invasion by microbes and environmental elements. Inflammation can be beneficial or detrimental to the host. This article broadly discusses the primary mediators and mechanisms of inflammation within the respiratory tract of domestic animals. The role of cells, chemokines, cytokines and mediators in both acute and chronic inflammation are addressed. The pathogenesis of the initial insult determines the type of inflammation that will be induced, whether it is acute, chronic or allergic in origin. Maintenance of the microenvironment of cytokines and chemokines is critical for pulmonary homeostasis. Uncontrolled inflammation in the respiratory tract can be life threatening to the animal. The understanding of the mechanisms of inflammation, whether due to microbes or through inappropriate immune activation such as those occurring with allergies, is required to develop successful intervention strategies and control respiratory disease in animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eileen L Thacker
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, 50011, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Notohamiprodjo M, Djafarzadeh R, Mojaat A, von Lüttichau I, Gröne HJ, Nelson PJ. Generation of GPI-linked CCL5 based chemokine receptor antagonists for the suppression of acute vascular damage during allograft transplantation. Protein Eng Des Sel 2005; 19:27-35. [PMID: 16251221 DOI: 10.1093/protein/gzi072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Limiting the acute vascular damage associated with leukocyte infiltration is a central issue in solid organ transplantation. The family of chemotactic cytokines (chemokines) helps to regulate leukocyte recruitment. Systemic treatment with the chemokine ligand-5 (CCL5) based antagonist Met-RANTES has previously shown to suppress acute damage to transplanted kidneys by blocking effector cell recruitment. To address problems associated with systemic long-term administration of chemokine receptor antagonists, a chemokine based reagent was designed to be integrated into endothelial surfaces of the organ just before transplantation. Proteins anchored by glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI), when purified and added to cells, are efficiently incorporated into their cell surface membranes. A series of modifications were introduced into the CCL5 protein to generate a functional antagonist. These included the addition of an N-terminal methionine group, a mutation to render the protein a dimer and a GPI signal sequence for surface expression. The resultant protein was stably expressed in CHO cells, GPI anchorage was confirmed and the protein purified by FPLC. Exogenously administered Met-CCL5(dimer)-GPI was efficiently inserted into the membrane of microvascular endothelial cells. The reagent is being tested in murine models of renal transplantation. The effect on subsequent immune induced damage will be assessed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mike Notohamiprodjo
- Medizinische Poliklinik, Schillerstrasse 42, 80336 Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Kölnerplatz 1, 80803 Munich, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Uchihara JN, Krensky AM, Matsuda T, Kawakami H, Okudaira T, Masuda M, Ohta T, Takasu N, Mori N. Transactivation of the CCL5/RANTES gene by Epstein-Barr virus latent membrane protein 1. Int J Cancer 2005; 114:747-55. [PMID: 15609310 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.20784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Chemokines and chemokine receptors mediate lymphocyte migration and tissue localization. To analyze CCL5 (RANTES) expression by EBV-infected cells, we examined the expression of CCL5 in BL cell lines. Among 4 BL cell lines, those infected with EBV selectively expressed the CCL5 gene and secreted CCL5. Four cell lines also expressed CCR5, a receptor for CCL5. EBV-encoded LMP-1, a pleiotropic protein that effects gene expression, cell transformation, growth and death, induces expression of CCL5 mRNA and secretion of CCL5 in the EBV-negative BL cell line BJAB and the embryonic kidney cell line 293T. HDACI-stimulated endogenous LMP-1 also induced CCL5 expression in an EBV-positive BL cell line. Analysis of the CCL5 promoter revealed that it is activated by both LMP-1 C-terminal activation domains, CTAR-1 and CTAR-2, which can activate NF-kappaB signaling. Coexpression of IkappaBalpha, IkappaBbeta, IKKalpha, IKKbeta, NIK and TRAF2 dominant-negative constructs, with LMP-1 inhibited the activation of the CCL5 promoter by LMP-1, suggesting that LMP-1 induces CCL5 via NF-kappaB signaling. The NF-kappaB binding sites, R(A/B), located at positions -71 to -43 relative to the putative transcription start site in the CCL5 promoter, were essential for the activation of CCL5 gene expression by LMP-1. These results indicate that the activation of the NF-kappaB pathway by LMP-1 is required for the activation of CCL5 expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Nosuke Uchihara
- Division of Molecular Virology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Haneji K, Matsuda T, Tomita M, Kawakami H, Ohshiro K, Uchihara JN, Masuda M, Takasu N, Tanaka Y, Ohta T, Mori N. Fucoidan extracted from Cladosiphon okamuranus Tokida induces apoptosis of human T-cell leukemia virus type 1-infected T-cell lines and primary adult T-cell leukemia cells. Nutr Cancer 2005; 52:189-201. [PMID: 16201850 DOI: 10.1207/s15327914nc5202_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) is caused by human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) and remains incurable. The highest endemic area of HTLV-1 carriers in Japan is located in Okinawa, and novel treatments are urgently needed in this area. We extracted fucoidan, a sulfated polysaccharide, from the brown seaweed Cladosiphon okamuranus Tokida cultivated in Okinawa, Japan and examined its tumor-suppression activity against ATL. Fucoidan significantly inhibited the growth of peripheral blood mononuclear cells of ATL patients and HTLV-1-infected T-cell lines but not that of normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Fucoidan induced apoptosis of HTLV-1-infected T-cell lines mediated through downregulation of cellular inhibitor of apoptosis protein-2 and survivin and G1 phase accumulation through the downregulation of cyclin D2, c-myc, and hyperphosphorylated form of the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor protein. Further analysis showed that fucoidan inactivated NF-kappaB and activator protein-1 and inhibited NF-kappaB-inducible chemokine, C-C chemokine ligand 5 (regulated on activation, normal T expressed and secreted) production, and homotypic cell-cell adhesion of HTLV-1-infected T-cell lines. In vivo use of fucoidan resulted in partial inhibition of growth of tumors of an HTLV-1-infected T-cell line transplanted subcutaneously in severe combined immune deficient mice. Our results indicate that fucoidan is a potentially useful therapeutic agent for patients with ATL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Haneji
- Division of Molecular Virology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Koch AE. Chemokines and their receptors in rheumatoid arthritis: Future targets? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 52:710-21. [DOI: 10.1002/art.20932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
17
|
Mori N, Krensky AM, Ohshima K, Tomita M, Matsuda T, Ohta T, Yamada Y, Tomonaga M, Ikeda S, Yamamoto N. Elevated expression of CCL5/RANTES in adult T-cell leukemia cells: possible transactivation of the CCL5 gene by human T-cell leukemia virus type I tax. Int J Cancer 2004; 111:548-57. [PMID: 15239133 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.20266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
HTLV-I is the etiologic agent of ATL and of tropical spastic paraparesis/HTLV-I-associated myelopathy. Infiltration of various tissues by circulating leukemic cells and HTLV-I-infected T cells is a characteristic of ATL and HTLV-I-associated inflammatory diseases. Chemokines play important roles in migration and tissue localization of various lymphocyte subsets. Here, we report the highly frequent expression of CCL5 (RANTES) in ATL and HTLV-I-infected T-cell lines. Among various human T-cell lines, those infected with HTLV-I selectively expressed the CCL5 gene and secreted CCL5. Furthermore, CCL5 was expressed by leukemic cells in peripheral blood and lymph nodes from patients with ATL. Inducible expression of HTLV-I transcriptional activator Tax in a human T-cell line Jurkat, up-regulated CCL5 mRNA and induced CCL5 secretion. Analysis of the CCL5 promoter revealed that this gene is activated by Tax, via the activation of NF-kappaB, whose responsive element, R(A/B), is located at positions -71 to -43 relative to the putative transcription start site. Aberrant expression of CCL5 by HTLV-I-infected T cells may impact on the pathophysiology of HTLV-I-associated diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Mori
- Division of Molecular Virology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Ramhorst RE, García VE, Corigliano A, Rabinovich GA, Fainboim L. Identification of RANTES as a novel immunomodulator of the maternal allogeneic response. Clin Immunol 2004; 110:71-80. [PMID: 14962798 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2003.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2003] [Accepted: 09/16/2003] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the immunomodulatory role of chemokines in the maternal allogeneic T-cell response. In comparison with fertile women, we found in patients with recurrent spontaneous abortions (RSA), a significant decreased sera level of RANTES that increased after immunization with paternal leukocytes. Since blocking factors with unknown identity are detected in sera from fertile women, we hypothesized that RANTES might function as a novel blocking factor and therefore we explored its cell growth inhibitory properties during the allogenic T-cell response. We demonstrated that RANTES inhibits the mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) in a dose-dependent manner. Investigation of the mechanisms involved in cell growth inhibition revealed that this beta-chemokine induces T-cell apoptosis through modulation of Bcl-2 protein levels and by a caspase-independent mechanism and does not involve modulation of Fas (CD95) antigen expression. Our results provides experimental evidence implicating RANTES as a suppressor of alloantigen specific T-cell responses and indicates that this beta-chemokine might function as a novel blocking factor and reliable marker for successful allotreatment of RSA patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rosanna E Ramhorst
- Division of Immunogenetics, Hospital de Clínicas José de San Martín, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Townson DH, Liptak AR. Chemokines in the corpus luteum: implications of leukocyte chemotaxis. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2003; 1:94. [PMID: 14613530 PMCID: PMC293429 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7827-1-94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2003] [Accepted: 11/10/2003] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemokines are small molecular weight peptides responsible for adhesion, activation, and recruitment of leukocytes into tissues. Leukocytes are thought to influence follicular atresia, ovulation, and luteal function. Many studies in recent years have focused attention on the characterization of leukocyte populations within the ovary, the importance of leukocyte-ovarian cell interactions, and more recently, the mechanisms of ovarian leukocyte recruitment. Information about the role of chemokines and leukocyte trafficking (chemotaxis) during ovarian function is important to understanding paracrine-autocrine relationships shared between reproductive and immune systems. Recent advances regarding chemokine expression and leukocyte accumulation within the ovulatory follicle and the corpus luteum are the subject of this mini-review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David H Townson
- Department of Animal and Nutritional Sciences, University of New Hampshire-Durham, Durham, NH 03824, USA
| | - Amy R Liptak
- Department of Animal and Nutritional Sciences, University of New Hampshire-Durham, Durham, NH 03824, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Mori N, Krensky AM, Geleziunas R, Wada A, Hirayama T, Sasakawa C, Yamamoto N. Helicobacter pylori induces RANTES through activation of NF-kappa B. Infect Immun 2003; 71:3748-56. [PMID: 12819056 PMCID: PMC162018 DOI: 10.1128/iai.71.7.3748-3756.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori-infected gastric mucosa displays a conspicuous infiltration of mononuclear cells and neutrophils. RANTES (short for "regulated upon activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted") is a chemoattractant cytokine (chemokine) important in the infiltration of T lymphocytes and monocytes. RANTES may therefore contribute to the cellular infiltrate in the H. pylori-infected gastric mucosa. The aim of this study was to analyze the molecular mechanism responsible for H. pylori-mediated RANTES expression. We observed that gastric epithelial cells produced RANTES upon coculture with H. pylori. In addition, H. pylori induced RANTES mRNA expression and an increase in luciferase activity in cells which were transfected with a luciferase reporter construct derived from the RANTES promoter, in gastric epithelial cells, indicating that the induction of RANTES production occurred at the transcriptional level. Induction of RANTES was dependent on an intact cag pathogenicity island. Activation of the RANTES promoter by H. pylori occurred through the action of NF-kappa B. Transfection of kinase-deficient mutants of I kappa B kinase (IKK) and NF-kappa B-inducing kinase (NIK) inhibited H. pylori-mediated RANTES activation. In contrast, tumor necrosis factor alpha- or interleukin-1/Toll-like receptor signaling molecules-such as mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase kinase 1, MyD88, and interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase-did not play a role in RANTES activation by H. pylori. Collectively, H. pylori induced NF-kappa B activation through an intracellular signaling pathway that involved IKK and NIK, leading to RANTES gene transcription. RANTES induction by H. pylori may play an important role in gastric inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Mori
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Rajcáni J, Kúdelová M. Gamma herpesviruses: pathogenesis of infection and cell signaling. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2003; 48:291-318. [PMID: 12879740 DOI: 10.1007/bf02931360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Altered cell signaling is the molecular basis for cell proliferation occurring in association with several gamma herpesvirus infections. Three gamma herpesviruses, namely EBV/HHV-4, KSHV/HHV-8 and the MHV-68 (and/or MHV-72) and their unusual cell-pirated gene products are discussed in this respect. The EBV, KSHV as well as the MHV DNA may persist lifelong in an episomal form in the host carrier cells (mainly in lymphocytes but also in macrophages, in non-hornifying squamous epithelium and/or in blood vessel endothelial cells). Under conditions of extremely limited transcription, the EBV-infected cells express EBNA1 (EB nuclear antigen 1), the KSHV infected cells express LANA1 (latent nuclear antigen 1), while the MHV DNA carrier cells express the latency-associated protein M2. With the full set of latency-associated proteins expressed, EBV carrier cells synthesize additional EBNAs and at least one LMP (latent membrane protein 1). The latent KSHV carrier cells, in addition to LANA1, may express a viral cyclin, a viral Fas-DD-like ICE inhibitor protein (vFLIP) and a virus-specific transformation protein called kaposin (K12). In MHV latency with a wide expression of latency-associated proteins, the carrier cells express a LANA analogue (ORF73), the M3 protein, the K3/IE (immediate early) proteins and M11/bcl-2 homologue proteins. During the period of limited gene expression, the latency-associated proteins serve mainly for the maintenance of the latent episomal DNA (a typical example is EBNA1). In contrast, during latency with a broader spectrum gene expression, the virus-encoded products activate transcription of otherwise silenced cellular genes, which leads to the synthesis of enzymes capable of promoting not only viral but also cellular DNA replication. Thus, the latency-associated proteins block apoptosis and drive host cells towards division and immortalization. Proliferation of hemopoetic cells, which had become gamma herpesvirus DNA carriers, can be initiated and strongly enhanced in the presence of inflammatory cytokines and by virus-encoded analogues of interleukins, chemokines and IFN regulator proteins. At early stages of tumor formation, many proliferating hemopoetic and/or endothelium cells, which had became transcriptionally active under the influence of chemokines and cytokines, may not yet be infected. In contrast, at later stages of oncogenesis, the virus-encoded proteins, inducing false signaling and activating the proliferation pathways, bring the previously infected cells into full transformation burst.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Rajcáni
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Jessenius Medical Faculty, Martin, Slovakia.
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Abstract
The following features of the ischaemic and postischaemic brain are the focus of interest: Development of acidosis, edema formation, calcium overload glutamate excitotoxicity, free radical formation and nitric oxide overproduction. The brain is critically dependent on its blood flow for a continuous supply of oxygen and glucose. Energy depletion has fundamental importance in the genesis of subsequent injurious events. Loss of ATP rapidly leads to a massive calcium influx and release of calcium from intracellular compartments. Extracellular concentrations of glutamate are markedly elevated in ischaemic brain tissue. Intracellular Ca2+ overload during ischemia has several deleterious consequences including the formation of reactive oxygen species. Nitrogen monoxide (NO) is an important mediator of cellular and molecular events which impacts the pathophysiology of cerebral ischemia. An increase in intracellular Ca2+ activates the enzyme NO synthase which catalyzes the synthesis of NO. NO is produced in neurons glia cells and vascular endothelium in central nervous system. Depending on its origin, its effects are varied. NO is a mediator having both neurotoxic and neuromodulator effects. Neuronal NO is the neurotoxic agent mediating glutamate toxicity and increasing acute ischaemic damage. Vascular NO as a potent vasodilator and an inhibitor of platelet aggregation, may be beneficial in the early stages of focal cerebral ischemia. There is increasing evidence that ischaemic brain injury secondary to arterial occlusion is characterized by acute local inflammation, which involves accumulation of polymorphonuclear neutrophils. Overexpression of inflammatory mediators such as cytokines, chemokines and adhesion molecules promotes recruitment of leukocytes in the ischaemic area.
Collapse
|
23
|
Abstract
Recent studies suggest that molecules important for guiding neuronal migration and axon path-finding also play a role in modulating leukocyte chemotaxis. Neuronal migration and leukocyte chemotaxis may share some common regulatory mechanisms. Intracellular signal transduction mechanisms guiding neuronal migration and leukocyte chemotaxis are beginning to be elucidated. Studying molecular mechanisms modulating cell migration may provide new insights into understanding of endogenous inhibitors of inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Necat Havlioglu
- Departments of Pediatrics and Molecular Biology and Pharmacology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Petray P, Corral R, Meckert P, Laguens R. Role of macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha (MIP-1alpha) in macrophage homing in the spleen and heart pathology during experimental infection with Trypanosoma cruzi. Acta Trop 2002; 83:205-11. [PMID: 12204393 DOI: 10.1016/s0001-706x(02)00131-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
We investigated in vivo the effect of macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha (MIP-1alpha) inhibition upon the cellular recruitment into tissue damage sites and spleen histology in mice acutely infected with Trypanosoma cruzi. Histopathological studies of spleen sections revealed a 68% decrease in macrophage/monocyte infiltration as a result of MIP-1alpha neutralisation. Moreover, a reduction in the number of plasma cells and immunoblasts was observed. However, antibody (Ab)-mediated blocking of MIP-1alpha failed to modify tissue parasite levels. Examination of myocardial sections showed an increase in inflammatory lesions in mice treated with anti-MIP-1alpha Ab. There was also an increasing trend in the number of amastigote nests in the myocardium of anti-MIP-1alpha-treated mice compared with controls. Administration of anti-MIP-1alpha Ab failed to affect either the extent of inflammatory infiltrates or the parasite count in liver and skeletal muscle. To the best of our knowledge, these data are the first in vivo demonstration that Cz.sbnd;C chemokine MIP-1alpha is involved in cellular recruitment during acute infection with T. cruzi, indicating that MIP-1alpha influences macrophage/monocyte influx into target organs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Petray
- Laboratorio de Virología, Hospital de Niños Dr. Ricardo Gutiérrez, Gallo 1330, C1425EFD Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Nikolcheva T, Pyronnet S, Chou SY, Sonenberg N, Song A, Clayberger C, Krensky AM. A translational rheostat for RFLAT-1 regulates RANTES expression in T lymphocytes. J Clin Invest 2002; 110:119-26. [PMID: 12093895 PMCID: PMC151028 DOI: 10.1172/jci15336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Activation of T lymphocytes by specific antigen triggers a 3- to 7-day maturation process. Terminal differentiation begins late after T cell activation and involves expression of effector genes, including the chemokine RANTES and its major transcriptional regulator, RANTES factor of late-activated T lymphocytes-1 (RFLAT-1). In this article we demonstrate that RFLAT-1 expression is translationally regulated through its 5'-UTR and in a cell type-specific manner. Overexpression of the translation initiation factor eIF4E increases RFLAT-1 protein, while inhibition of Mnk1, which phosphorylates eIF4E, reduces RFLAT-1 production, indicating cap-dependent translational regulation. These events are regulated by ERK-1/2 and p38 MAP kinases and allow T cells to rapidly adjust RANTES expression in response to changes in the cellular environment, such as stress and/or growth factors. These findings provide a molecular mechanism for a rheostat effect of increasing or decreasing RANTES expression at sites of inflammation. Memory T cells, already poised to make RANTES, are finely regulated by translational control of the major transcription factor regulating RANTES expression. This is the first example of such a mechanism regulating a chemokine, but it seems likely that this will prove to be a general way for cells to rapidly respond to stress, cytokines, and other proinflammatory factors in their local environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tania Nikolcheva
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, CCSR 2105, Stanford, CA 94305-5164, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Nikolcheva T, Pyronnet S, Chou SY, Sonenberg N, Song A, Clayberger C, Krensky AM. A translational rheostat for RFLAT-1 regulates RANTES expression in T lymphocytes. J Clin Invest 2002. [DOI: 10.1172/jci0215336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
|
27
|
Kraft M, Riedel S, Maaser C, Kucharzik T, Steinbuechel A, Domschke W, Luegering N. IFN-gamma synergizes with TNF-alpha but not with viable H. pylori in up-regulating CXC chemokine secretion in gastric epithelial cells. Clin Exp Immunol 2001; 126:474-81. [PMID: 11737065 PMCID: PMC1906237 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2249.2001.01634.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori colonizes the gastric epithelial surface and induces epithelial cells to increase production of the neutrophil attractant IL-8. Little is known about the role of the gastric epithelium in regulating mucosal T cell trafficking. We therefore characterized constitutive and regulated epithelial expression of the CXC chemokines IP-10, I-TAC and Mig, which specifically attract CXCR3 expressing CD4(+) T cells. Human gastric epithelial cell lines (AGS, Kato III, NCI) were used to characterize the constitutive and regulated expression of three CXC chemokines in response to IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha and different H. pylori preparations. Chemokine mRNA and protein production were measured by RT-PCR and ELISA. Gastric epithelial cells constitutively expressed mRNA for IP-10, Mig and I-TAC. IFN-gamma in combination with TNF-alpha strongly induced secretion of those chemokines. Soluble or membranous fractions of H. pylori significantly inhibited IFN-gamma/TNF-alpha induced epithelial cell IP-10 and Mig production. Gastric epithelial cells may contribute to mucosal T cell trafficking. The capacity of H. pylori products to inhibit IP-10 and Mig secretion may explain, at least in part, the failure to induce protective immunity against this bacterium and the ability of H. pylori to affect the presentation of the local inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Kraft
- Department of Medicine B, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Dias S, Choy M, Rafii S. The role of CXC chemokines in the regulation of tumor angiogenesis. Cancer Invest 2001; 19:732-8. [PMID: 11577814 DOI: 10.1081/cnv-100106148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S Dias
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York 10021, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Weber KS, Ostermann G, Zernecke A, Schröder A, Klickstein LB, Weber C. Dual role of H-Ras in regulation of lymphocyte function antigen-1 activity by stromal cell-derived factor-1alpha: implications for leukocyte transmigration. Mol Biol Cell 2001; 12:3074-86. [PMID: 11598192 PMCID: PMC60156 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.12.10.3074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the role of H-Ras in chemokine-induced integrin regulation in leukocytes. Stimulation of Jurkat T cells with the CXC chemokine stromal cell-derived factor-1alpha (SDF-1alpha) resulted in a rapid increase in the phosphorylation, i.e., activation of extracellular signal receptor-activated kinase (ERK) but not c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase or p38 kinase, and phosphorylation of Akt, reflecting phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-K) activation. Phosphorylation of ERK in Jurkat cells was enhanced and attenuated by expression of dominant active (D12) or inactive (N17) forms of H-Ras, respectively, while N17 H-Ras abrogated SDF-1alpha-induced Akt phosphorylation. SDF-1alpha triggered a transient regulation of adhesion to intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 mediated by lymphocyte function antigen-1 (LFA-1) and very late antigen-4 (VLA-4), respectively, and a rapid increase in LFA-1 binding to soluble ICAM-1.Ig, which was inhibited by D12 but not N17 H-Ras. Both D12 and N17 H-Ras abrogated the regulation of LFA-1 but not VLA-4 avidity, and impaired LFA-1-mediated transendothelial chemotaxis but not VLA-4-dependent transmigration induced by SDF-1alpha. Analysis of the mutant Jurkat J19 clone revealed LFA-1 with constitutively high affinity and reduced ERK phosphorylation, which were partially restored by expression of active H-Ras. Inhibition of PI3-K blocked the up-regulation of Jurkat cell adhesion to ICAM-1 by SDF-1alpha, whereas inhibition of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase impaired the subsequent down-regulation and blocking both pathways abrogated LFA-1 regulation. Our data suggest that inhibition of initial PI3-K activation by inactive H-Ras or sustained activation of an inhibitory ERK pathway by active H-Ras prevail to abolish LFA-1 regulation and transendothelial migration induced by SDF-1alpha in leukocytes, establishing a complex and bimodal involvement of H-Ras.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K S Weber
- Institute for Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany 80336
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Weber K, Gröne HJ, Röcken M, Klier C, Gu S, Wank R, Proudfoot A, Nelson P, Weber C. Selective recruitment of Th2-type cells and evasion from a cytotoxic immune response mediated by viral macrophage inhibitory protein-II. Eur J Immunol 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/1521-4141(200108)31:8<2458::aid-immu2458>3.0.co;2-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
31
|
Camacho SA, Heath WR, Carbone FR, Sarvetnick N, LeBon A, Karlsson L, Peterson PA, Webb SR. A key role for ICAM-1 in generating effector cells mediating inflammatory responses. Nat Immunol 2001; 2:523-9. [PMID: 11376339 DOI: 10.1038/88720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We investigated how the accessory molecule interactions encountered during T cell priming influence T cell-mediated destruction of insulin-producing beta cells and lead to type 1 diabetes. T cell receptor (TCR)-transgenic CD4+ T cells were primed under controlled conditions in vitro before being adoptively transferred into transgenic recipients expressing membrane ovalbumin under the control of the rat insulin promoter (RIP-mOVA). During priming, antigen-presenting cell expression of B7-1 without intracellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) led to the generation of effector cells that migrated to the pancreata of RIP-mOVA recipients but did not cause diabetes. In contrast, when T cells were primed with APCs expressing both B7-1 and ICAM-1, pronounced destruction of beta cells and a rapid onset of diabetes were observed. Pathogenicity was associated with T cell production of the macrophage-attracting chemokines CCL3 and CCL4. Thus, interactions of lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1 with ICAM-1 during priming induce both qualitative and quantitative alterations in T effector function and induce potentially autodestructive responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S A Camacho
- Department of Immunology, IMM4, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Weber C, Weber KS, Klier C, Gu S, Wank R, Horuk R, Nelson PJ. Specialized roles of the chemokine receptors CCR1 and CCR5 in the recruitment of monocytes and T(H)1-like/CD45RO(+) T cells. Blood 2001; 97:1144-6. [PMID: 11159551 DOI: 10.1182/blood.v97.4.1144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemokines and their receptors control the emigration of leukocytes during inflammation. The role of the RANTES (regulated on activation normal T-cell expressed and secreted) receptors CCR1 and CCR5 in the selective recruitment of monocytes, T(H)1-like T-cell clones, and peripheral T cells enriched for CD45RO(+) "memory" cells were tested in a system in which arrest under flow conditions is triggered by RANTES immobilized to activated endothelium. With the use of selective nonpeptide receptor antagonists or blocking antibodies, it was found that the RANTES-induced arrest of these cells was mediated predominantly by CCR1. In contrast, CCR5 mainly contributed to the spreading in shear flow, and both CCR1 and CCR5 supported transendothelial chemotaxis toward RANTES. The data in this study reveal specialized roles of apparently redundant receptors in distinct steps of leukocyte trafficking and suggest that not all receptors currently used to define mononuclear cell subsets are involved in their direct recruitment from the circulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Weber
- Institut für Prophylaxe der Kreislaufkrankheiten, Medizinische Poliklinik, and Institut für Immunologie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Abstract
Viruses that successfully replicate within the host have devised strategies to subvert or evade the challenges posed by the innate and adaptive immune responses. Many investigators are now beginning to dissect the diverse and complex interactions involving chemokines, chemokine receptors and viral infection. In recent years, much attention has been focused on the role of chemokines in antiviral defense.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Mahalingam
- Cellular Signal Transduction Laboratory, Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, PO Box 334, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.
| | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Hedin KE, Kaczynski JA, Gibson MR, Urrutia R. Transcription factors in cell biology, surgery, and transplantation. Surgery 2000; 128:1-5. [PMID: 10876177 DOI: 10.1067/msy.2000.106426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K E Hedin
- Transplantation Biology and the Departments of Surgery and Immunology, Gastroenterology Research Unit, Mayo Graduate and Medical Schools, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Génin P, Algarté M, Roof P, Lin R, Hiscott J. Regulation of RANTES chemokine gene expression requires cooperativity between NF-kappa B and IFN-regulatory factor transcription factors. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2000; 164:5352-61. [PMID: 10799898 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.164.10.5352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Virus infection of host cells activates a set of cellular genes, including cytokines, IFNs, and chemokines, involved in antiviral defense and immune activation. Previous studies demonstrated that virus-induced transcriptional activation of a member of the human CC-chemokine RANTES required activation of the latent transcription factors IFN-regulatory factor (IRF)-3 and NF-kappa B via posttranslational phosphorylation. In the present study, we further characterized the regulatory control of RANTES transcription during virus infection using in vivo genomic footprinting analyses. IRF-3, the related IRF-7, and NF-kappa B are identified as important in vivo binding factors required for the cooperative induction of RANTES transcription after virus infection. Using fibroblastic or myeloid cells, we demonstrate that the kinetics and strength of RANTES virus-induced transcription are highly dependent on the preexistence of IRFs and NF-kappa B. Use of dominant negative mutants of either I kappa B-alpha or IRF-3 demonstrate that disruption of either pathway dramatically abolishes the ability of the other to bind and activate RANTES expression. Furthermore, coexpression of IRF-3, IRF-7, and p65/p50 leads to synergistic activation of RANTES promoter transcription. These studies reveal a model of virus-mediated RANTES promoter activation that involves cooperative synergism between IRF-3/IRF-7 and NF-kappa B factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Génin
- Terry Fox Molecular Oncology Group, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Departments of Microbiology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Segerer S, Nelson PJ, Schlöndorff D. Chemokines, chemokine receptors, and renal disease: from basic science to pathophysiologic and therapeutic studies. J Am Soc Nephrol 2000; 11:152-176. [PMID: 10616852 DOI: 10.1681/asn.v111152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 345] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukocyte trafficking from peripheral blood into affected tissues is an essential component of the inflammatory reaction to virtually all forms of injury and is an important factor in the development of many kidney diseases. Advances in the past few years have highlighted the central role of a family of chemotactic cytokines called chemokines in this process. Chemokines help to control the selective migration and activation of inflammatory cells into injured renal tissue. Chemokines and their receptors are expressed by intrinsic renal cells as well as by infiltrating cells during renal inflammation. This study summarizes the in vitro and in vivo data on chemokines and chemokine receptors in renal diseases with a special focus on potential therapeutic effects on inflammatory processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Segerer
- Medizinische Poliklinik, Klinikum Innenstadt der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Peter J Nelson
- Medizinische Poliklinik, Klinikum Innenstadt der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Detlef Schlöndorff
- Medizinische Poliklinik, Klinikum Innenstadt der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Martín JC, Bandrés JC. Cells of the monocyte-macrophage lineage and pathogenesis of HIV-1 infection. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 1999; 22:413-29. [PMID: 10961602 DOI: 10.1097/00126334-199912150-00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
It is thought that monocyte-macrophages and probably dendritic cells play a central role in HIV-1 primary infection, as well as in its evolution, given that they are among the first cells infected and later function as important reservoirs for the virus. These cells may participate in the selection of certain viral strains instead of others. Levels of CCR5 coreceptor expression on the surface of monocytes and macrophages determine their susceptibility to infection by HIV-1 strains using this coreceptor and may explain, in part, the differences in the infectivity of these cells through the maturation process. However, selection for certain strains is not only determined by the level of coreceptor expression, but by the biochemical properties of the different coreceptors and their relationship with other surface molecules and the chemokine and cytokine networks, which also influence the selective viral infection and replication in these cells. Any current or newly designed therapies need to be evaluated, including careful analysis of the levels of HIV-1 infection of the cells of the monocyte-macrophage lineage, because these cells are both significant viral reservoirs and a center of virus production at all stages of the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J C Martín
- New York Harbor VA Medical Center, New York, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
|
39
|
Saber LT, Aliberti JC, Silva JS, Rossi MA, Ferraz AS. Chemokine profile during allogeneic heart transplant rejection. Transplant Proc 1999; 31:2978-81. [PMID: 10578356 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(99)00633-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L T Saber
- Renal Transplant Unit, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Kostulas N, Pelidou SH, Kivisäkk P, Kostulas V, Link H. Increased IL-1beta, IL-8, and IL-17 mRNA expression in blood mononuclear cells observed in a prospective ischemic stroke study. Stroke 1999; 30:2174-9. [PMID: 10512924 DOI: 10.1161/01.str.30.10.2174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Ischemic brain injury secondary to arterial occlusion is characterized by acute local inflammation, which involves accumulation of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN). Factors that influence the recruitment of PMN could represent new therapeutic targets in acute stroke. In this prospective study we evaluated numbers of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) expressing mRNA for interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-8, and IL-17 and macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha (MIP-1alpha) after ischemic stroke. METHODS Peripheral blood was obtained on days 1 to 3, 4 to 10, and 20 to 31 after onset of symptoms. In situ hybridization with radiolabeled synthetic oligonucleotide probes was adopted to measure cytokine mRNA expression in PBMC. Plasma and cerebrospinal fluid levels of IL-8 were measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Most patients with ischemic stroke had clearly elevated numbers of IL-1beta, IL-8, and IL-17 mRNA expressing PBMC 1 to 3 days after onset of symptoms compared with healthy individuals (P<0. 0001 for all comparisons). At follow-up after 20 to 31 days, numbers of IL-8 mRNA expressing PBMC were lower than during the acute stage (P<0.001), but only IL-1beta and IL-17 mRNA expression had returned to the level of the healthy individuals. Numbers of MIP-1alpha mRNA expressing PBMC did not differ between patients with ischemic stroke and healthy individuals at any time point. A correlation was observed between numbers of IL-1beta, IL-8, and IL-17 mRNA expressing PBMC and the degree of neurological impairment as measured by the Scandinavian Stroke Scale 1 to 3 days after onset of symptoms (r=0.5; P<0.01 for all correlations). CONCLUSIONS A longitudinal study of patients with ischemic stroke revealed systemic increases of levels of IL-1beta, IL-8, and IL-17 that correlated with Scandinavian Stroke Scale scores. IL-8 levels were further increased in cerebrospinal fluid.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Kostulas
- Neuro-Angiological Research Center, Division of Neurology, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Kawakami N, Nishizawa F, Sakane N, Iwao M, Tsujikawa K, Ikawa M, Okabe M, Yamamoto H. Roles of Integrins and CD44 on the Adhesion and Migration of Fetal Liver Cells to the Fetal Thymus. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 1999. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.163.6.3211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Adhesion and migration of mouse fetal liver (FL) cells to the thymus were investigated using cells from green fluorescent protein transgenic (GFP+) mice. FL cells from GFP+ embryos at 12 gestational days (E12) of mice were incubated with 2′-deoxyguanosine-treated fetal thymus lobe (from E14) by thymic repopulation (hanging drop) culture methods. GFP+ cells were observed in the thymus lobe at the end of the repopulation culture period. A large part of the infiltrated cells expressed CD44 until day 2 of culture on a permeable membrane, then lost the expression. CD25 expression was observed from day 1 to day 4. Around day 8, GFP+ cells became both CD4+ and CD8+. The results support the early observation of the sequential expression of CD44, CD25, and CD4/8 during the early stages of thymocyte development. When anti-CD44 mAb was added at the beginning of the repopulation culture period, GFP+ FL cells adhered to the surface of the thymus lobe but did not migrate into the thymus. Pretreatment of the thymus with hyaluronidase or hyaluronate produced results similar to the results of anti-CD44 treatment. On the other hand, the addition of anti-integrin α4 mAb inhibited adhesion to the thymus, and almost no GFP+ cells were seen on the surface of the thymus lobe. The data suggest that integrin α4 and CD44 play different roles, i.e., integrin α4 is required for the adhesion of FL cells to the thymus lobe and CD44 is required for the migration of the cells into the thymus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naoto Kawakami
- *Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and
| | - Fumiko Nishizawa
- *Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and
| | - Naoki Sakane
- *Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and
| | - Mutsumi Iwao
- *Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and
| | - Kazutake Tsujikawa
- *Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and
| | - Masahito Ikawa
- †Genome Information Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masaru Okabe
- †Genome Information Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yamamoto
- *Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Zou LP, Pelidou SH, Abbas N, Deretzi G, Mix E, Schaltzbeerg M, Winblad B, Zhu J. Dynamics of production of MIP-1alpha, MCP-1 and MIP-2 and potential role of neutralization of these chemokines in the regulation of immune responses during experimental autoimmune neuritis in Lewis rats. J Neuroimmunol 1999; 98:168-75. [PMID: 10430050 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-5728(99)00100-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Experimental autoimmune neuritis (EAN) is an inflammatory autoimmune demyelinating disease of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and represents an animal model of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), which is a major inflammatory demyelinating disease of the PNS in humans. In the present study, the dynamics of the expression of the chemokines macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha (MIP-1alpha), MIP-2 and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) were determined in the sciatic nerves of EAN rats. Additionally, the effect of neutralizing antibodies against MIP-1alpha, MIP-2 and MCP-1 on the clinical course of EAN and the chemokine expression was investigated. The maximum of MIP-1alpha positive cells in the sciatic nerves was seen on day 14 post immunization (p.i.) correlating with the development of severe clinical signs. Administration of an anti-MIP-1alpha antibody suppressed the clinical signs of EAN and inhibited inflammation and demyelination in the sciatic nerve. Peak numbers of MCP-1 positive cells in the sciatic nerves were detected on day 7 p.i. Administration of an anti-MCP-1 antibody caused a delay of onset of EAN. However, 4 of the 6 EAN rats receiving the anti-MCP-antibody showed the same degree of inflammatory cell infiltration and demyelination in the sciatic nerves as sham-treated EAN rats, whereas only 2 EAN rats had less inflammation and demyelination. The numbers of MIP-2 positive cells reached a maximum on day 21 p.i. Anti-MIP-2 antibody failed to suppress the clinical signs of EAN and the inflammation and demyelination in the sciatic nerves. Only administration of the anti-MIP-1alpha antibody resulted in a significant reduction in the number of chemokine (MIP-1alpha)-positive cells and ED1-positive macrophages in the sciatic nerves. The present results demonstrate that MIP-1alpha and MCP-1 may play a role in the immunopathogenesis of EAN, and that MIP-1alpha induced trafficking of inflammatory cells can be inhibited by immunoneutralization. Further elucidation of the regulation and coordination of MIP-1alpha and MCP-1 production may lead to new therapeutic approaches to GBS in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L P Zou
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge University Hospital (Novum KFC 4TR), Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Gröne H, Weber C, Weber KSC, Gröne EF, Rabelink T, Klier CM, Wells TNC, Proudfoot AE, Schlondorff D, Nelson PJ. Met‐RANTES reduces vascular and tubular damage during acute renal transplant rejection: blocking monocyte arrest and recruitment. FASEB J 1999. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.13.11.1371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Christian Weber
- Institute for Prophylaxis and EpidemiologyLudwig‐Maximilians‐University of Munich Germany
| | - Kim S. C. Weber
- Institute for Prophylaxis and EpidemiologyLudwig‐Maximilians‐University of Munich Germany
| | - Elisabeth F. Gröne
- German Cancer Research CenterDepartment of Experimental Pathology Germany
| | - Ton Rabelink
- Internal Medicine University of Utrecht Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | - Peter J. Nelson
- Medical PoliclinicLudwig‐Maximilians‐University of Munich Germany
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Trentin L, Agostini C, Facco M, Piazza F, Perin A, Siviero M, Gurrieri C, Galvan S, Adami F, Zambello R, Semenzato G. The chemokine receptor CXCR3 is expressed on malignant B cells and mediates chemotaxis. J Clin Invest 1999; 104:115-21. [PMID: 10393705 PMCID: PMC408409 DOI: 10.1172/jci7335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
B- and T-cell recirculation is crucial for the function of the immune system, with the control of cell migration being mainly mediated by several chemokines and their receptors. In this study, we investigated the expression and function of CXCR3 on normal and malignant B cells from 65 patients with chronic lymphoproliferative disorders (CLDs). Although CXCR3 is lacking on CD5(+) and CD5(-) B cells from healthy subjects, it is expressed on leukemic B lymphocytes from all (31/31) patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). The presence of CXCR3 was heterogeneous in other B-cell disorders, being expressed in 2 of 7 patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), 4 of 12 patients with hairy cell leukemia (HCL), and 11 of 15 patients with other subtypes of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHLs). Chemotaxis assay shows that normal B cells from healthy subjects do not migrate in response to IFN-inducible protein 10 (IP-10) and IFN-gamma-induced monokine (Mig). In contrast, a definite migration in response to IP-10 and Mig has been observed in all malignant B cells from patients with CLL, but not in patients with HCL or MCL (1/7 cases tested). Neoplastic B cells from other NHLs showed a heterogenous pattern. The migration elicited by IP-10 and Mig was inhibited by blocking CXCR3. No effect of IP-10 and Mig chemokines was observed on the cytosolic calcium concentration in malignant B cells. The data reported here demonstrate that CXCR3 is expressed on malignant B cells from CLDs, particularly in patients with CLL, and represents a fully functional receptor involved in chemotaxis of malignant B lymphocytes.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- B-Lymphocytes/chemistry
- B-Lymphocytes/physiology
- Calcium/metabolism
- Chemokine CXCL10
- Chemokines, CXC/pharmacology
- Chemotaxis, Leukocyte/drug effects
- Chemotaxis, Leukocyte/physiology
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Interferon-gamma/pharmacology
- Leukemia, Hairy Cell/metabolism
- Leukemia, Hairy Cell/pathology
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/metabolism
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/pathology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm Proteins/biosynthesis
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Neoplasm Proteins/physiology
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/chemistry
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/physiology
- Receptors, CXCR3
- Receptors, Chemokine/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Chemokine/genetics
- Receptors, Chemokine/physiology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Trentin
- Padua University School of Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Clinical Immunology Branch, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Klier CM, Nelson PJ. Chemokine-induced extravasation of MonoMac 6 cells: chemotaxis and MMP activity. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1999; 878:575-7. [PMID: 10415777 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1999.tb07731.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C M Klier
- AG Klinische Biochemie, Medizinische Poliklinik, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Germany.
| | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Lalani AS, Masters J, Graham K, Liu L, Lucas A, McFadden G. Role of the myxoma virus soluble CC-chemokine inhibitor glycoprotein, M-T1, during myxoma virus pathogenesis. Virology 1999; 256:233-45. [PMID: 10191189 DOI: 10.1006/viro.1999.9617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Myxoma virus is a poxvirus that causes a virulent systemic disease called myxomatosis in European rabbits. Like many poxviruses, myxoma virus encodes a variety of secreted proteins that subvert the antiviral activities of host cytokines. It was recently demonstrated that the myxoma virus M-T1 glycoprotein is a member of a large poxvirus family of secreted proteins that bind CC-chemokines and inhibit their chemoattractant activities in vitro. To determine the biological role of M-T1 in contributing to myxoma virus virulence, we constructed a recombinant M-T1-deletion mutant virus that was defective in M-T1 expression. Here, we demonstrate that M-T1 is expressed continuously during the course of myxoma virus infection as a highly stable 43-kDa glycoprotein and is dispensable for virus replication in vitro. Deletion of M-T1 had no significant effects on disease progression or in the overall mortality rate of infected European rabbits but heightened the localized cellular inflammation in primary tissue sites during the initial 2 to 3 days of infection. In the absence of M-T1 expression, deep dermal tissues surrounding the primary site of virus inoculation showed a dramatic increase in infiltrating leukocytes, particularly monocytes/macrophages, but these phagocytes remained relatively ineffective at clearing virus infection, likely due to the concerted properties of other secreted myxoma virus proteins. We conclude that M-T1 inhibits the chemotactic signals required for the influx of monocytes/macrophages during the acute-phase response of myxoma virus infection in vivo, as predicted by its ability to bind and inhibit CC-chemokines in vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A S Lalani
- Departments of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Song A, Chen YF, Thamatrakoln K, Storm TA, Krensky AM. RFLAT-1: a new zinc finger transcription factor that activates RANTES gene expression in T lymphocytes. Immunity 1999; 10:93-103. [PMID: 10023774 DOI: 10.1016/s1074-7613(00)80010-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
RANTES (Regulated upon Activation, Normal T cell Expressed and Secreted) is a chemoattractant cytokine (chemokine) important in the generation of inflammatory infiltrate and human immunodeficiency virus entry into immune cells. RANTES is expressed late (3-5 days) after activation in T lymphocytes. Using expression cloning, we identified the first "late" T lymphocyte associated transcription factor and named it "RANTES Factor of Late Activated T Lymphocytes-1" (RFLAT-1). RFLAT-1 is a novel, phosphorylated, zinc finger transcription factor that is expressed in T cells 3 days after activation, coincident with RANTES expression. While Rel proteins play the dominant role in RANTES gene expression in fibroblasts, RFLAT-1 is a strong transactivator for RANTES in T cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Song
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, California 94305-5208, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|