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Yahyaoui K, Traikia M, Rihouey C, Picton L, Gardarin C, Ksouri WM, Laroche C. Chemical characterization of polysaccharides from Gracilaria gracilis from Bizerte (Tunisia). Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 266:131127. [PMID: 38527684 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Polysaccharides were extracted from Gracilaria gracilis collected from Manzel Jemil Lake in Bizerte Tunisia, with two different solvents (water and NaOH 0.3 M). Different assays were performed on samples (total sugars, neutral sugars, uronic acids, anhydrogalactose, proteins, sulphates, pyruvates), followed by high performance anion-exchange chromatography (HPAEC) to observe the monosaccharide composition, high pressure size exclusion chromatography with multi-angle laser light scattering (HPSEC-MALS) to obtain the molecular mass, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and 1D and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to access to structural data. Results have shown that the polysaccharide extracted from Gracilaria gracilis collected from Manzel Jemil Lake in Bizerte Tunisia, is of agar type but with high molecular mass and some original structural features. Hence, the sample was found to contain 9 % of pyruvate groups and is partly sulphated at the C4 of β-d-galactose and methylated on C2 of anhydro-α-l-galactose. The polymer from G. gracilis from Bizerte thus presents a never described structure that could be interesting for further rheological or biological activities applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Yahyaoui
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont Auvergne INP, CNRS, Institut Pascal, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; Laboratory of Aromatic and Medicinal Plants, Center of Biotechnology, Technopark of Borj-Cedria, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - M Traikia
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, ICCF, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - C Rihouey
- Université de Rouen, Laboratoire Polymères Biopolymères Surfaces, F-76821 Mont Saint Aignan, France
| | - L Picton
- Université de Rouen, Laboratoire Polymères Biopolymères Surfaces, F-76821 Mont Saint Aignan, France
| | - C Gardarin
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont Auvergne INP, CNRS, Institut Pascal, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - W Megdiche Ksouri
- Laboratory of Aromatic and Medicinal Plants, Center of Biotechnology, Technopark of Borj-Cedria, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - C Laroche
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont Auvergne INP, CNRS, Institut Pascal, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
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2
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Li Z, Tu M, Qin F, Shui G, Xu D, Zang X. Identification of Indicator Genes for Agar Accumulation in Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis (Rhodophyta). Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4606. [PMID: 38731824 PMCID: PMC11083068 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Agar, as a seaweed polysaccharide mainly extracted from Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis, has been commercially applied in multiple fields. To investigate factors indicating the agar accumulation in G. lemaneiformis, the agar content, soluble polysaccharides content, and expression level of 11 genes involved in the agar biosynthesis were analysed under 4 treatments, namely salinity, temperature, and nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations. The salinity exerted the greatest impact on the agar content. Both high (40‱) and low (10‱, 20‱) salinity promoted agar accumulation in G. lemaneiformis by 4.06%, 2.59%, and 3.00%, respectively. The content of agar as a colloidal polysaccharide was more stable than the soluble polysaccharide content under the treatments. No significant correlation was noted between the two polysaccharides, and between the change in the agar content and the relative growth rate of the algae. The expression of all 11 genes was affected by the 4 treatments. Furthermore, in the cultivar 981 with high agar content (21.30 ± 0.95%) compared to that (16.23 ± 1.59%) of the wild diploid, the transcriptional level of 9 genes related to agar biosynthesis was upregulated. Comprehensive analysis of the correlation between agar accumulation and transcriptional level of genes related to agar biosynthesis in different cultivation conditions and different species of G. lemaneiformis, the change in the relative expression level of glucose-6-phosphate isomerase II (gpiII), mannose-6-phosphate isomerase (mpi), mannose-1-phosphate guanylyltransferase (mpg), and galactosyltransferase II (gatII) genes was highly correlated with the relative agar accumulation. This study lays a basis for selecting high-yield agar strains, as well as for targeted breeding, by using gene editing tools in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Di Xu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (Z.L.); (M.T.); (F.Q.); (G.S.)
| | - Xiaonan Zang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (Z.L.); (M.T.); (F.Q.); (G.S.)
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3
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Banik U, Mohiuddin M, Wahab MA, Rahman MM, Nahiduzzaman M, Sarker S, Wong L, Asaduzzaman M. Comparative performances of different farming systems and associated influence of ecological factors on Gracilaria sp. seaweed at the south-east coast of the Bay of Bengal, Bangladesh. AQUACULTURE 2023; 574:739675. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2023.739675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
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4
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Development of a novel agar extraction method using calcium hydroxide and carbon dioxide. ALGAL RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2022.102933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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5
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de Aguiar ALL, Araújo MLH, Benevides NMB, Mattos ALA, da Silva Araújo IM, da Silva EMC. Sequential extraction process and physicochemical characterization of R-phycoerythrin and agar from red macroalgae Gracilaria birdiae. ALGAL RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2022.102920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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6
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Gomes-Dias JS, Pereira SG, Teixeira JA, Rocha C. Hydrothermal treatments – A quick and efficient alternative for agar extraction from Gelidium sesquipedale. Food Hydrocoll 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2022.107898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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7
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Nakamura-Gouvea N, Alves-Lima C, Benites LF, Iha C, Maracaja-Coutinho V, Aliaga-Tobar V, Araujo Amaral Carneiro M, Yokoya NS, Marinho-Soriano E, Graminha MAS, Collén J, Oliveira MC, Setubal JC, Colepicolo P. Insights into agar and secondary metabolite pathways from the genome of the red alga Gracilaria domingensis (Rhodophyta, Gracilariales). JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2022; 58:406-423. [PMID: 35090189 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.13238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Gracilariales is a clade of florideophycean red macroalgae known for being the main source of agar. We present a de novo genome assembly and annotation of Gracilaria domingensis, an agarophyte alga with flattened thallus widely distributed along Central and South American Atlantic intertidal zones. In addition to structural analysis, an organizational comparison was done with other Rhodophyta genomes. The nuclear genome has 78 Mbp, with 11,437 predicted coding genes, 4,075 of which did not have hits in sequence databases. We also predicted 1,567 noncoding RNAs, distributed in 14 classes. The plastid and mitochondrion genome structures were also obtained. Genes related to agar synthesis were identified. Genes for type II galactose sulfurylases could not be found. Genes related to ascorbate synthesis were found. These results suggest an intricate connection of cell wall polysaccharide synthesis and the redox systems through the use of L-galactose in Rhodophyta. The genome of G. domingensis should be valuable to phycological and aquacultural research, as it is the first tropical and Western Atlantic red macroalgal genome to be sequenced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Nakamura-Gouvea
- Laboratory of Algal Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu, Prestes, 748, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Cicero Alves-Lima
- Laboratory of Algal Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu, Prestes, 748, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Luiz Felipe Benites
- CNRS, UMR 7232 Biologie Intégrative des Organismes Marins (BIOM), Sorbonne Université, Observatoire Océanologique - F-66650, Banyuls-sur-Mer, France
| | - Cintia Iha
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, R Matão 277, São Paulo, SP, 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Vinicius Maracaja-Coutinho
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Universidad de Chile - Independencia, Santiago, 8380492, Chile
| | - Victor Aliaga-Tobar
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Universidad de Chile - Independencia, Santiago, 8380492, Chile
| | - Marcella Araujo Amaral Carneiro
- Department of Oceanography and Limnology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte - Via Costeira, Praia de Mãe Luiza, s/n, Natal, RN, 59014-002, Brazil
| | - Nair S Yokoya
- Phycology Research Center, Institute of Botany, Secretary of Infrastructure and Environment of São Paulo State, Brazil - Av. Miguel Estefano, 3687, Água Funda, São Paulo, SP, 04301-012, Brazil
| | - Eliane Marinho-Soriano
- Department of Oceanography and Limnology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte - Via Costeira, Praia de Mãe Luiza, s/n, Natal, RN, 59014-002, Brazil
| | - Marcia A S Graminha
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rod. Araraquara-Jaú km 1, Campus Ville, Araraquara, SP, 14800-903, Brazil
| | - Jonas Collén
- Station Biologique de Roscoff, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models - CS 90074, Roscoff cedex, 29688, France
| | - Mariana C Oliveira
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, R Matão 277, São Paulo, SP, 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Joao C Setubal
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 748, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Pio Colepicolo
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 748, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
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8
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Siddiqui SA, Agrawal S, Brahmbhatt H, Rathore MS. Metabolite expression changes in Kappaphycus alvarezii (a red alga) under hypo- and hyper-saline conditions. ALGAL RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2022.102650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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9
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Lee WK, Ho CL. Ecological and evolutionary diversification of sulphated polysaccharides in diverse photosynthetic lineages: A review. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 277:118764. [PMID: 34893214 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Sulphated polysaccharides (SPs) are carbohydrate macromolecules with sulphate esters that are found among marine algae, seagrasses, mangroves and some terrestrial plants. The sulphate concentration in the ocean (28 mM) since ancient time could have driven the production of SPs in marine algae. SPs have a gelatinous property that can protect marine algae against desiccation and salinity stress. Agar and carrageenan are red algal SPs that are widely used as gelling agents in the food and pharmaceutical industries. The information on the SPs from freshwater and land plants are limited. In this review, we reviewed the taxonomic distribution and composition of SPs in different photosynthetic lineages, and explored the association of SP production in these diversified photosynthetic organisms with evolution history and environmental stresses. We also reviewed the genes/proteins involved in SP biosynthesis. Insights into SP biosynthetic machinery may shed light on the evolution that accompanied adaptation to life on earth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Kang Lee
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM-Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Codon Genomics Sdn Bhd, No. 26, Jalan Dutamas 7, Taman Dutamas Balakong, 43200, Seri Kembangan, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Chai-Ling Ho
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM-Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
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10
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Long X, Hu X, Liu S, Pan C, Chen S, Li L, Qi B, Yang X. Insights on preparation, structure and activities of Gracilaria lemaneiformis polysaccharide. Food Chem X 2021; 12:100153. [PMID: 34816120 PMCID: PMC8591341 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2021.100153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gracilaria lemaneiformis is a kind of edible economic red algae, which is rich in polysaccharide, phycobiliprotein, pigments, minerals and other nutrients and functional components. Polysaccharide is one of the main active components of Gracilaria lemaneiformis, which has been reported to present various physiological bioactivities, including regulation of glycolipid metabolism, immune, anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory and other biological activities. This paper aims to provide a brief summary of extraction, purification, structural characteristics, and physiological activities of Gracilaria lemaneiformis polysaccharide (GLP). This article is able to provide theoretical basis for the future research and exploitation of GLP, and improve its potential development to promote the healthy and sustainable processing and high value utilization industry of Gracilaria lemaneiformis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshan Long
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Products Processing and Safety, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Food, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Xiao Hu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China
| | - Shucheng Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Products Processing and Safety, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Food, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Chuang Pan
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China
| | - Shengjun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China
| | - Laihao Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China
| | - Bo Qi
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China
| | - Xianqing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China
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11
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Pacheco D, Cotas J, Rocha CP, Araújo GS, Figueirinha A, Gonçalves AM, Bahcevandziev K, Pereira L. Seaweeds’ carbohydrate polymers as plant growth promoters. CARBOHYDRATE POLYMER TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carpta.2021.100097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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12
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An D, Xiao Q, Zhang C, Cai M, Zhang Y, Weng H, Chen F, Xiao A. Preparation, characterization, and application of high-whiteness agar bleached with hydrogen peroxide. Food Hydrocoll 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2020.106520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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13
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Beaumont M, Tran R, Vera G, Niedrist D, Rousset A, Pierre R, Shastri VP, Forget A. Hydrogel-Forming Algae Polysaccharides: From Seaweed to Biomedical Applications. Biomacromolecules 2021; 22:1027-1052. [PMID: 33577286 PMCID: PMC7944484 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c01406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
With the increasing growth of the algae industry and the development of algae biorefinery, there is a growing need for high-value applications of algae-extracted biopolymers. The utilization of such biopolymers in the biomedical field can be considered as one of the most attractive applications but is challenging to implement. Historically, polysaccharides extracted from seaweed have been used for a long time in biomedical research, for example, agarose gels for electrophoresis and bacterial culture. To overcome the current challenges in polysaccharides and help further the development of high-added-value applications, an overview of the entire polysaccharide journey from seaweed to biomedical applications is needed. This encompasses algae culture, extraction, chemistry, characterization, processing, and an understanding of the interactions of soft matter with living organisms. In this review, we present algae polysaccharides that intrinsically form hydrogels: alginate, carrageenan, ulvan, starch, agarose, porphyran, and (nano)cellulose and classify these by their gelation mechanisms. The focus of this review further lays on the culture and extraction strategies to obtain pure polysaccharides, their structure-properties relationships, the current advances in chemical backbone modifications, and how these modifications can be used to tune the polysaccharide properties. The available techniques to characterize each organization scale of a polysaccharide hydrogel are presented, and the impact on their interactions with biological systems is discussed. Finally, a perspective of the anticipated development of the whole field and how the further utilization of hydrogel-forming polysaccharides extracted from algae can revolutionize the current algae industry are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Beaumont
- Queensland
University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Remy Tran
- Institute
for Macromolecular Chemistry, University
of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Grace Vera
- Institute
for Macromolecular Chemistry, University
of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dennis Niedrist
- Institute
for Macromolecular Chemistry, University
of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Aurelie Rousset
- Centre
d’Étude et de Valorisation des Algues, Pleubian, France
| | - Ronan Pierre
- Centre
d’Étude et de Valorisation des Algues, Pleubian, France
| | - V. Prasad Shastri
- Institute
for Macromolecular Chemistry, University
of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Centre
for Biological Signalling Studies, University
of Freiburg, Frieburg, Germany
| | - Aurelien Forget
- Institute
for Macromolecular Chemistry, University
of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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14
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Pereira Júnior LC, Nascimento FG, Oliveira SRBD, Lima GC, Chagas FDS, Sombra VG, Feitosa JPA, Soriano EM, Souza MHLP, Zocolo GJ, Silva LMA, de Paula RCM, Damasceno ROS, Freitas ALP. Protective effect against gastric mucosa injury of a sulfated agaran from Acanthophora spicifera. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 261:117829. [PMID: 33766334 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.117829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a polysaccharide from marine alga Acanthophora spicifera (PAs) was isolated and structurally characterized. Its protective potential against chemically-induced gastric mucosa injury was evaluated. The gel permeation chromatography experiments and spectroscopy spectrum showed that PAs is a sulfated polysaccharide with a high molecular mass (6.98 × 105g/mol) and degree of sulfation of 1.23, exhibiting structural characteristic typical of an agar-type polysaccharide. Experimental results demonstrated that PAs reduced the hemorrhagic gastric injury, in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, PAs reduced the intense gastric oxidative stress, measured by glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. PAs also prevented the reduction of mucus levels adhered to the gastric mucosa, promoted by the aggressive effect of ethanol. In summary, the sulfated polysaccharide from A. spicifera protected the gastric mucosa through the prevention of lipid peroxidation and enhanced the defense mechanisms of the gastric mucosa, suggesting as a promising functional food as gastroprotective agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindauro C Pereira Júnior
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará, 60455-760, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | | | - Samara R B D Oliveira
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Ceará, 60430-270, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Glauber C Lima
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará, 60455-760, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Centro Universitário INTA (UNINTA), 62500-000, Itapipoca, CE, Brazil
| | - Francisco Diego S Chagas
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará, 60455-760, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Venicios G Sombra
- Departamento de Química Orgânica e Inorgânica, Universidade Federal do Ceará, 60455-760, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Judith P A Feitosa
- Departamento de Química Orgânica e Inorgânica, Universidade Federal do Ceará, 60455-760, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Eliane M Soriano
- Departamento de Oceanografia e Limnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 59072-970, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Marcellus H L P Souza
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Ceará, 60430-270, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | | | - Lorena M A Silva
- Embrapa Agroindústria Tropical, 60511-110, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Regina C M de Paula
- Departamento de Química Orgânica e Inorgânica, Universidade Federal do Ceará, 60455-760, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Renan O S Damasceno
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-420, Recife, PE, Brazil.
| | - Ana Lúcia P Freitas
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará, 60455-760, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
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15
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Effect of Lagoon and Sea Water Depth on Gracilaria gracilis Growth and Biochemical Composition in the Northeast of Tunisia. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10014. [PMID: 32572043 PMCID: PMC7308321 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66003-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the growth and biochemical composition of farming Gracilaria gracilis (Stackhouse) M. Steentoft, L. M. Irvine & W. F. Farnham in the Bizerte Lagoon (BL) and Bizerte Bay (BB) in the North Coast of Tunisia, using lantern nets. Effects of site and depth on alga daily growth rate (DGR) and biochemical composition were investigated. The DGR was affected by culture site (1.42 ± 0.65% day−1 and 1.19 ± 0.34% day−1 for the BL and the BB respectively). Agar yield, was higher (p < 0.05) in the BB than the BL (23.31 ± 2.64% vs. 19.19 ± 2.32%) with a higher (p < 0.05) 3,6-anhydrogalactose (3,6-AG) contents (41.37 ± 3.68% vs 23.30 ± 5.40%) and a lower (p < 0.05) sulphate degree (6 ± 2.00% vs 8.80 ± 0.86%). The proteins contents were independent of the site and depth of culture (20.74 ± 7.22% and 22.02 ± 6.34% for the BL and the BB respectively). R-phycoerythrin (R-PE) contents were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in the BB (0.86 ± 0.31 mg g−1) than those obtained in the BL (0.33 ± 0.12 mg g−1). The salinity, transparency, nitrate and ammonium were monitored in both sites, and their influences were discussed. Our results suggest that G. gracilis cultured in Bizerte Bay can be used in a cascading biorefinery approach.
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Zhao P, Wang X, Niu J, He L, Gu W, Xie X, Wu M, Wang G. Agar extraction and purification of R-phycoerythrin from Gracilaria tenuistipitata, and subsequent wastewater treatment by Ulva prolifera. ALGAL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2020.101862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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17
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Chen H, Xiao Q, Weng H, Zhang Y, Yang Q, Xiao A. Extraction of sulfated agar from Gracilaria lemaneiformis using hydrogen peroxide-assisted enzymatic method. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 232:115790. [PMID: 31952598 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
In this study, an eco-friendly extraction method was explored to obtain high sulfate content agar and repair the deficiency of enzymatic extraction by taking full advantage of H2O2. The sulfate content of EHA (H2O2-assisted enzymatic extracted agar) reached 3.56 %, which is significantly higher than that of traditional alkali-extracted agar (AA, 1.8 %). Moreover, EHA exhibited lower viscosity (9.4 cP), which improved 26.6 % and 14 % of filtration and gel dehydration rates than EA (enzymatic extracted agar), respectively. Additionally, the physicochemical properties of the agars were evaluated and compared. Among these agars, EHA showed some favorable properties, such as high yield (16.08 %) and low dissolution temperature (88.9 °C). The surface of algae became smoother after treatment with H2O2 due to effective degradation of cellulose. Besides, mass spectrometry analysis revealed that EHA preserved a great amount of sulfate, while thermogravimetric analysis suggested that the thermal stability of EA and EHA both decreased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijing Chen
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; National R&D Center for Red Alga Processing Technology, Xiamen, Fujian Province 361021, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering, Xiamen, Fujian Province 361021, China; Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food, Xiamen, Fujian Province 361021, China
| | - Qiong Xiao
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering, Xiamen, Fujian Province 361021, China; Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food, Xiamen, Fujian Province 361021, China
| | - Huifen Weng
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering, Xiamen, Fujian Province 361021, China; Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food, Xiamen, Fujian Province 361021, China
| | - Yonghui Zhang
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; National R&D Center for Red Alga Processing Technology, Xiamen, Fujian Province 361021, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering, Xiamen, Fujian Province 361021, China
| | - Qiuming Yang
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; National R&D Center for Red Alga Processing Technology, Xiamen, Fujian Province 361021, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering, Xiamen, Fujian Province 361021, China; Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food, Xiamen, Fujian Province 361021, China
| | - Anfeng Xiao
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; National R&D Center for Red Alga Processing Technology, Xiamen, Fujian Province 361021, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering, Xiamen, Fujian Province 361021, China; Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food, Xiamen, Fujian Province 361021, China.
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An overview of extraction and purification techniques of seaweed dietary fibers for immunomodulation on gut microbiota. Trends Food Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2019.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Venkatesan M, Arumugam V, Pugalendi R, Ramachandran K, Sengodan K, Vijayan SR, Sundaresan U, Ramachandran S, Pugazhendhi A. Antioxidant, anticoagulant and mosquitocidal properties of water soluble polysaccharides (WSPs) from Indian seaweeds. Process Biochem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2019.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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20
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Gomes DL, Melo KRT, Queiroz MF, Batista LANC, Santos PC, Costa MSSP, Almeida-Lima J, Camara RBG, Costa LS, Rocha HAO. In Vitro Studies Reveal Antiurolithic Effect of Antioxidant Sulfated Polysaccharides from the Green Seaweed Caulerpa cupressoides var flabellata. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:md17060326. [PMID: 31159355 PMCID: PMC6628234 DOI: 10.3390/md17060326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Urolithiasis affects approximately 10% of the world population and is strongly associated with calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystals. Currently, there is no efficient compound that can be used to prevent this disease. However, seaweeds' sulfated polysaccharides (SPs) can change the CaOx crystals surface's charge and thus modify the crystallization dynamics, due to the interaction of the negative charges of these polymers with the crystal surface during their synthesis. We observed that the SPs of Caulerpa cupressoides modified the morphology, size and surface charge of CaOx crystals. Thus, these crystals became similar to those found in healthy persons. In the presence of SPs, dihydrate CaOx crystals showed rounded or dumbbell morphology. Infrared analysis, fluorescence microscopy, flow cytometry (FITC-conjugated SPs) and atomic composition analysis (EDS) allowed us to propose the mode of action between the Caulerpa's SPs and the CaOx crystals. This study is the first step in understanding the interactions between SPs, which are promising molecules for the treatment of urolithiasis, and CaOx crystals, which are the main cause of kidney stones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayanne Lopes Gomes
- Laboratory of Natural Polymer Biotechnology (BIOPOL), Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biosciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte- RN 59078-970, Brazil.
- Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Piauí (IFPI), São Raimundo Nonato Campus, São Raimundo Nonato-PI 64.770-000, Brazil.
| | - Karoline Rachel Teodosio Melo
- Laboratory of Natural Polymer Biotechnology (BIOPOL), Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biosciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte- RN 59078-970, Brazil.
| | - Moacir Fernandes Queiroz
- Laboratory of Natural Polymer Biotechnology (BIOPOL), Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biosciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte- RN 59078-970, Brazil.
| | - Lucas Alighieri Neves Costa Batista
- Laboratory of Natural Polymer Biotechnology (BIOPOL), Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biosciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte- RN 59078-970, Brazil.
| | - Pablo Castro Santos
- State University of Rio Grande do Norte (UERN), Mossoró-RN 59.610-210, Brazil.
| | | | - Jailma Almeida-Lima
- Laboratory of Natural Polymer Biotechnology (BIOPOL), Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biosciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte- RN 59078-970, Brazil.
| | - Rafael Barros Gomes Camara
- Laboratory of Natural Polymer Biotechnology (BIOPOL), Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biosciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte- RN 59078-970, Brazil.
| | - Leandro Silva Costa
- Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Rio Grande do Norte (IFRN), Canguaretama-RN 59.190-000, Brazil.
| | - Hugo Alexandre Oliveira Rocha
- Laboratory of Natural Polymer Biotechnology (BIOPOL), Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biosciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte- RN 59078-970, Brazil.
- Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Piauí (IFPI), São Raimundo Nonato Campus, São Raimundo Nonato-PI 64.770-000, Brazil.
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Torres MD, Flórez-Fernández N, Domínguez H. Integral Utilization of Red Seaweed for Bioactive Production. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:E314. [PMID: 31142051 PMCID: PMC6627364 DOI: 10.3390/md17060314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The hydrocolloids carrageenan and agar are the major fraction industrially extracted and commercialized from red seaweeds. However, this type of macroalgae also contains a variety of components with nutritional, functional and biological properties. In the context of sustainability and bioeconomy, where the integral utilization of the natural resources is incentivized, the sequential separation and valorization of seaweed components with biological properties of interest for food, nutraceuticals, cosmeceuticals and pharmaceuticals is proposed. In this work, a review of the available conventional and alternative greener and efficient extraction for obtaining red seaweed bioactives is presented. The potential of emerging technologies for the production of valuable oligomers from carrageenan and agar is also commented, and finally, the sequential extraction of the constituent fractions is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Dolores Torres
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences, University of Vigo, Campus Ourense, As Lagoas, 32004 Ourense, Spain.
| | - Noelia Flórez-Fernández
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences, University of Vigo, Campus Ourense, As Lagoas, 32004 Ourense, Spain.
| | - Herminia Domínguez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences, University of Vigo, Campus Ourense, As Lagoas, 32004 Ourense, Spain.
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A novel antioxidant sulfated polysaccharide from the algae Gracilaria caudata: In vitro and in vivo activities. Food Hydrocoll 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2018.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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23
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Rocha CM, Sousa AM, Kim JK, Magalhães JM, Yarish C, Gonçalves MDP. Characterization of agar from Gracilaria tikvahiae cultivated for nutrient bioextraction in open water farms. Food Hydrocoll 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2018.10.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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24
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25
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Capillo G, Savoca S, Costa R, Sanfilippo M, Rizzo C, Lo Giudice A, Albergamo A, Rando R, Bartolomeo G, Spanò N, Faggio C. New Insights into the Culture Method and Antibacterial Potential of Gracilaria gracilis. Mar Drugs 2018; 16:md16120492. [PMID: 30544601 PMCID: PMC6315995 DOI: 10.3390/md16120492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Enormous marine biodiversity offers an endless reservoir of chemicals for many applications. In this scenario, the extraction of seaweeds represents an interesting source of compounds displaying antimicrobial activity. In particular, among the different red algae, Gracilaria gracilis plays an important role due to the presence of important bioactives in its composition. In spite of these features, an efficient culture system is still absent. In the present study, a novel algal culture method was developed and compared to another more common cultural practice, widely reported in literature. A higher efficiency of the new method, both for daily growth rate and biomass, was assessed. Furthermore, the growth inhibitory activity of five extracts, obtained using ethanol, methanol, acetone, chloroform or diethyl ether as a solvent, from the cultured G. gracilis was tested against Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens. Algal extracts exhibited a considerable inhibitory activity against B. subtilis strains, while a slight inhibition was observed against V. fischeri. The different extracts showed significant differences in bacterial growth inhibition, with the highest activity that was recorded for the ethanol extract, followed by that of methanol. Based on the chemical characterization, these findings could be related to the antimicrobial activity played by the combination of total carbohydrates and polyphenols, which were determined at high levels in ethanol and methanol extracts, as well as by the highest number and levels of single polyphenols. Conversely, the lower growth inhibitory activities found in chloroform and diethyl ether extracts could be related to the isolation of minor lipid classes (e.g., neutral and medium polar lipids) composed by fatty acids, such as stearic, oleic and arachidonic acids, typically characterized by antimicrobial activity. In consideration of the results obtained, the present study has a double implication, involving both the field of cultural practices and the exploitation of natural sources for the isolation of antimicrobial agents useful both in pharmaceutical and food applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gioele Capillo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali (ChiBioFarAm), University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98168 Messina, Italy.
| | - Serena Savoca
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali (ChiBioFarAm), University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98168 Messina, Italy.
| | - Rosaria Costa
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche, e delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali (Biomorf), University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98100 Messina, Italy.
| | - Marilena Sanfilippo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali (ChiBioFarAm), University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98168 Messina, Italy.
| | - Carmen Rizzo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali (ChiBioFarAm), University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98168 Messina, Italy.
| | - Angelina Lo Giudice
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali (ChiBioFarAm), University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98168 Messina, Italy.
- Istituto per le Risorse Biologiche e le Biotecnologie Marine (IRBIM-CNR), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Spianata S. Raineri 86, 98122 Messina, Italy.
| | - Ambrogina Albergamo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche, e delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali (Biomorf), University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98100 Messina, Italy.
- Science4Life s.r.l., A Spin-off of the University of Messina, V.le Annunziata, 98100 Messina, Italy.
| | - Rossana Rando
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche, e delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali (Biomorf), University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98100 Messina, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Bartolomeo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche, e delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali (Biomorf), University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98100 Messina, Italy.
- Science4Life s.r.l., A Spin-off of the University of Messina, V.le Annunziata, 98100 Messina, Italy.
| | - Nunziacarla Spanò
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche, e delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali (Biomorf), University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98100 Messina, Italy.
| | - Caterina Faggio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali (ChiBioFarAm), University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98168 Messina, Italy.
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Qasim SB, Zafar MS, Najeeb S, Khurshid Z, Shah AH, Husain S, Rehman IU. Electrospinning of Chitosan-Based Solutions for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E407. [PMID: 29385727 PMCID: PMC5855629 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19020407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrospinning has been used for decades to generate nano-fibres via an electrically charged jet of polymer solution. This process is established on a spinning technique, using electrostatic forces to produce fine fibres from polymer solutions. Amongst, the electrospinning of available biopolymers (silk, cellulose, collagen, gelatine and hyaluronic acid), chitosan (CH) has shown a favourable outcome for tissue regeneration applications. The aim of the current review is to assess the current literature about electrospinning chitosan and its composite formulations for creating fibres in combination with other natural polymers to be employed in tissue engineering. In addition, various polymers blended with chitosan for electrospinning have been discussed in terms of their potential biomedical applications. The review shows that evidence exists in support of the favourable properties and biocompatibility of chitosan electrospun composite biomaterials for a range of applications. However, further research and in vivo studies are required to translate these materials from the laboratory to clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saad B Qasim
- Department of Restorative and Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Dar Al Uloom University, P.O. Box 45142, Riyadh 11512, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Muhammad S Zafar
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Al Madinah, Al Munawwarah 41311, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Dental Materials, Islamic International Dental College, Riphah International University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan.
| | - Shariq Najeeb
- Restorative Dental Sciences, Al-Farabi Colleges, Riyadh 361724, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Zohaib Khurshid
- College of Dentistry, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 380, Al-Hofuf, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Altaf H Shah
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Dar Al Uloom University, Riyadh 11512, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Shehriar Husain
- Department of Dental Materials, College of Dentistry, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi 75110, Pakistan.
| | - Ihtesham Ur Rehman
- Materials Science and Engineering Department, Kroto Research Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HQ, UK.
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28
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Kim YW, Shin HJ. Introduction of alkali soaking and microwave drying processes to improve agar quality of Gracilaria verrucosa. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-017-0220-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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29
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Impact of alkali pretreatment on yield, physico-chemical and gelling properties of high quality agar from Gracilaria tenuistipitata. Food Hydrocoll 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2016.11.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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30
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Optimization of yield and quality of agar polysaccharide isolated from the marine red macroalga Pyropia yezoensis. ALGAL RES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2017.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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31
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Relation between structure and rheological/thermal properties of agar. A mini-review on the effect of alkali treatment and the role of agaropectin. FOOD STRUCTURE-NETHERLANDS 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foostr.2016.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Singh R, Parihar P, Singh M, Bajguz A, Kumar J, Singh S, Singh VP, Prasad SM. Uncovering Potential Applications of Cyanobacteria and Algal Metabolites in Biology, Agriculture and Medicine: Current Status and Future Prospects. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:515. [PMID: 28487674 PMCID: PMC5403934 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacteria and algae having complex photosynthetic systems can channelize absorbed solar energy into other forms of energy for production of food and metabolites. In addition, they are promising biocatalysts and can be used in the field of "white biotechnology" for enhancing the sustainable production of food, metabolites, and green energy sources such as biodiesel. In this review, an endeavor has been made to uncover the significance of various metabolites like phenolics, phytoene/terpenoids, phytols, sterols, free fatty acids, photoprotective compounds (MAAs, scytonemin, carotenoids, polysaccharides, halogenated compounds, etc.), phytohormones, cyanotoxins, biocides (algaecides, herbicides, and insecticides) etc. Apart from this, the importance of these metabolites as antibiotics, immunosuppressant, anticancer, antiviral, anti-inflammatory agent has also been discussed. Metabolites obtained from cyanobacteria and algae have several biotechnological, industrial, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic uses which have also been discussed in this review along with the emerging technology of their harvesting for enhancing the production of compounds like bioethanol, biofuel etc. at commercial level. In later sections, we have discussed genetically modified organisms and metabolite production from them. We have also briefly discussed the concept of bioprocessing highlighting the functioning of companies engaged in metabolites production as well as their cost effectiveness and challenges that are being addressed by these companies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachana Singh
- Ranjan Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of AllahabadAllahabad, India
| | - Parul Parihar
- Ranjan Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of AllahabadAllahabad, India
| | - Madhulika Singh
- Ranjan Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of AllahabadAllahabad, India
| | - Andrzej Bajguz
- Faculty of Biology and Chemistry, Institute of Biology, University of BialystokBialystok, Poland
| | - Jitendra Kumar
- Ranjan Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of AllahabadAllahabad, India
| | - Samiksha Singh
- Ranjan Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of AllahabadAllahabad, India
| | - Vijay P. Singh
- Department of Botany, Govt. Ramanuj Pratap Singhdev Post-Graduate CollegeBaikunthpur, Koriya, India
| | - Sheo M. Prasad
- Ranjan Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of AllahabadAllahabad, India
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Rhein-Knudsen N, Ale MT, Ajalloueian F, Yu L, Meyer AS. Rheological properties of agar and carrageenan from Ghanaian red seaweeds. Food Hydrocoll 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2016.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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34
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Huang X, Zang X, Wu F, Jin Y, Wang H, Liu C, Ding Y, He B, Xiao D, Song X, Liu Z. Transcriptome Sequencing of Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis to Analyze the Genes Related to Optically Active Phycoerythrin Synthesis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170855. [PMID: 28135287 PMCID: PMC5279760 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis (aka Gracilaria lemaneiformis) is a red macroalga rich in phycoerythrin, which can capture light efficiently and transfer it to photosystemⅡ. However, little is known about the synthesis of optically active phycoerythrinin in G. lemaneiformis at the molecular level. With the advent of high-throughput sequencing technology, analysis of genetic information for G. lemaneiformis by transcriptome sequencing is an effective means to get a deeper insight into the molecular mechanism of phycoerythrin synthesis. Illumina technology was employed to sequence the transcriptome of two strains of G. lemaneiformis- the wild type and a green-pigmented mutant. We obtained a total of 86915 assembled unigenes as a reference gene set, and 42884 unigenes were annotated in at least one public database. Taking the above transcriptome sequencing as a reference gene set, 4041 differentially expressed genes were screened to analyze and compare the gene expression profiles of the wild type and green mutant. By GO and KEGG pathway analysis, we concluded that three factors, including a reduction in the expression level of apo-phycoerythrin, an increase of chlorophyll light-harvesting complex synthesis, and reduction of phycoerythrobilin by competitive inhibition, caused the reduction of optically active phycoerythrin in the green-pigmented mutant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Huang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaonan Zang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Fei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yuming Jin
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Haitao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yating Ding
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Bangxiang He
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Dongfang Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Xinwei Song
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Zhu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
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Biosynthesis of agar in red seaweeds: A review. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 164:23-30. [PMID: 28325321 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.01.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/21/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Agar is a jelly-like biopolymer synthesized by many red seaweeds as their major cell wall component. Due to its excellent rheological properties, it has been exploited commercially for applications in food, cosmetic, pharmaceutical, biomedical and biotechnology industries. Despite its multiple uses, the biosynthesis of this phycocolloid is not fully understood. The current knowledge on agar biosynthesis is inferred from plant biochemistry and putative pathways for ulvan and alginate biosynthesis in green and brown seaweeds, respectively. In this review, the gaps in our current knowledge on agar biosynthetic pathway are discussed, focusing on the biosynthesis of agar precursors, elongation of agar polysaccharide chain and side chain modification. The development of molecular markers for the screening of desired seaweeds for industrial exploitation is also discussed.
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Mortensen A, Aguilar F, Crebelli R, Di Domenico A, Frutos MJ, Galtier P, Gott D, Gundert‐Remy U, Lambré C, Leblanc J, Lindtner O, Moldeus P, Mosesso P, Oskarsson A, Parent‐Massin D, Stankovic I, Waalkens‐Berendsen I, Woutersen RA, Wright M, Younes M, Brimer L, Peters P, Wiesner J, Christodoulidou A, Lodi F, Tard A, Dusemund B. Re‐evaluation of agar (E 406) as a food additive. EFSA J 2016. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2016.4645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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Cho MK, Singu BS, Na YH, Yoon KR. Fabrication and characterization of double-network agarose/polyacrylamide nanofibers by electrospinning. J Appl Polym Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/app.42914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Min Kyoung Cho
- Department of Chemistry; Hannam University; 461-6 Jeonmin-Dong Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 305-811 Korea
| | - Bal Sydulu Singu
- Department of Chemistry; Hannam University; 461-6 Jeonmin-Dong Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 305-811 Korea
| | - Yang Ho Na
- Department of Advanced Materials; Hannam University; 461-6 Jeonmin-Dong Yuseong-Gu Daejeon 305-811 Korea
| | - Kuk Ro Yoon
- Department of Chemistry; Hannam University; 461-6 Jeonmin-Dong Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 305-811 Korea
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Meinita MDN, Marhaeni B, Winanto T, Setyaningsih D, Hong YK. Catalytic efficiency of sulfuric and hydrochloric acids for the hydrolysis of Gelidium latifolium (Gelidiales, Rhodophyta) in bioethanol production. J IND ENG CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2014.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Chiral separation of D/L-aldoses by micellar electrokinetic chromatography using a chiral derivatization reagent and a phenylboronic acid complex. Anal Bioanal Chem 2015; 407:6201-6. [PMID: 26044740 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-015-8802-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2015] [Revised: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A novel method was developed for D/L-isomeric separation of aldopentoses and aldohexoses as their (S)-(+)-4-(N,N-dimethylaminosulfonyl)-7-(3-aminopyrrolidin-1-yl)-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole derivatives using phenylboronate buffer containing sodium dodecyl sulfate as a background electrolyte. The combination of derivatization with a chiral labeling reagent and micellar electrokinetic chromatography with phenylboronate made possible the efficient separation of D/L isomers as well as epimeric isomers of aldopentoses and aldohexoses. Laser-induced fluorescence detection permitted the micromolar-level determination of monosaccharide derivatives. The limit of detection was 105 amol (300 nM), and the repeatabilities of the migration times and peak area responses were 0.8 % and 7.9 % (relative standard deviation; n = 6), respectively. The method was applied to the determination of D/L- galactose in red seaweed.
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The red seaweed Gracilaria gracilis as a multi products source. Mar Drugs 2013; 11:3754-76. [PMID: 24084791 PMCID: PMC3826134 DOI: 10.3390/md11103754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Revised: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years seaweeds have increasingly attracted interest in the search for new drugs and have been shown to be a primary source of bioactive natural compounds and biomaterials. In the present investigation, the biochemical composition of the red seaweed Gracilaria gracilis, collected seasonally in the Lesina Lagoon (Southern Adriatic Sea, Lesina, Italy), was assayed by means of advanced analytical techniques, such as gas-chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry and spectrophotometric tests. In particular, analysis of lipids, fatty acids, sterols, proteins, phycobiliproteins and carbohydrates as well as phenolic content, antioxidant and radical scavenging activity were performed. In winter extracts of G. gracilis, a high content of R-phycoerythrin together with other valuable products such as arachidonic acid (PUFA ω-6), proteins and carbohydrates was observed. High antioxidant and radical scavenging activities were also detected in summer extracts of the seaweed together with a high content of total phenols. In conclusion, this study points out the possibility of using Gracilaria gracilis as a multi products source for biotechnological, nutraceutical and pharmaceutical applications even although more investigations are required for separating, purifying and characterizing these bioactive compounds.
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Barros FC, da Silva DC, Sombra VG, Maciel JS, Feitosa JP, Freitas AL, de Paula RC. Structural characterization of polysaccharide obtained from red seaweed Gracilaria caudata (J Agardh). Carbohydr Polym 2013; 92:598-603. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2012] [Revised: 08/13/2012] [Accepted: 09/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Francavilla M, Pineda A, Lin CSK, Franchi M, Trotta P, Romero AA, Luque R. Natural porous agar materials from macroalgae. Carbohydr Polym 2012; 92:1555-60. [PMID: 23399188 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2012] [Revised: 10/30/2012] [Accepted: 11/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Porous agar materials have been prepared from marine macroalgae species using a simple microwave-assisted extraction/drying methodology, providing a new family of polysaccharide derived porous solids. The microwave-assisted extraction allows a more efficient and less time-consuming extraction of the polysaccharide compared to conventional extraction protocols based on conventional heating. DRIFT and (13)C NMR results indicated that the internal agar structure (based on d-galactose and 3,6-anhydro-l-galactose linked units) was preserved after the extraction methodology, which opens a wide range of future possibilities and applications for this new family of porous polysaccharides. The extracted agar materials, which have already applications per se due to their high purities, could be subsequently transformed into a novel family of attractive mesoporous agar materials that could be used as natural templates for the production of nanocrystals of metal oxides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Francavilla
- Institute of Marine Science, National Research Council (CNR), via Pola 4, 71010 Lesina, Italy.
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Elsabee MZ, Naguib HF, Morsi RE. Chitosan based nanofibers, review. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2012; 32:1711-1726. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2012.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2011] [Revised: 03/12/2012] [Accepted: 05/09/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Fan Y, Wang W, Song W, Chen H, Teng A, Liu A. Partial characterization and anti-tumor activity of an acidic polysaccharide from Gracilaria lemaneiformis. Carbohydr Polym 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Samiey B, Ashoori F. Adsorptive removal of methylene blue by agar: effects of NaCl and ethanol. Chem Cent J 2012; 6:14. [PMID: 22339759 PMCID: PMC3296642 DOI: 10.1186/1752-153x-6-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2011] [Accepted: 02/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Adsorption of methylene blue (MB) on agar was investigated as a function of temperature (308-328 K), different concentrations of NaCl and HCl and various weight percentages of binary mixtures of ethanol with water. It was observed that the maximum experimental adsorption capacity, qm, exp, in water is up to 50 mg g-1 and decreases with increase in weight percentage of ethanol and NaCl and HCl concentration compared to that of water. Analysis of data using ARIAN model showed that MB adsorbs as monomer and dimer on the surface of agar. Binding constants of MB to agar were calculated using the Temkin isotherm. The process is exothermic in water and other solutions. The mean adsorption energy (E) value indicated binding of MB to agar is chemical adsorption. Kinetics of this interaction obeys from the pseudo-second-order model and diffusion of the MB molecules into the agar is the main rate-controlling step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babak Samiey
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Lorestan University, 68137-17133, Khoramabad, Iran.
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Coura CO, de Araújo IWF, Vanderlei ESO, Rodrigues JAG, Quinderé ALG, Fontes BP, de Queiroz INL, de Menezes DB, Bezerra MM, e Silva AAR, Chaves HV, Jorge RJB, Evangelista JSAM, Benevides NMB. Antinociceptive and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Sulphated Polysaccharides from the Red Seaweed Gracilaria cornea. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2011; 110:335-41. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-7843.2011.00811.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Pereira-Netto AB, Meneguin RG, Biz A, Silveira JLM. A galactomannan-driven enhancement of the in vitro multiplication rate for the Marubakaido apple rootstock (Malus prunifolia (Willd.) Borkh) is not related to the degradation of the exogenous galactomannan. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2011; 166:197-207. [PMID: 22057908 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-011-9416-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2011] [Accepted: 10/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Agar is a complex mixture of gel-forming polysaccharides. Gelling agents are very often used to provide proper support for plants grown in semisolid culture media. And agar is the most frequently used gelling agent in plant tissue culture media. Galactomannans, another group of gel-forming polysaccharides, consists of a (1 → 4)-linked β-D: -mannopyranosyl backbone partially substituted at O-6 with D: -galactopyranosyl side groups. In this work, we demonstrate that a statistically significant 2.7-fold increase on the multiplication rate (MR) for in vitro-grown Marubakaido (Malus prunifolia) shoots was associated with a 12.5% replacement of agar in the semi-solid culture media for a galactomannan obtained from seeds of Schizolobium paraybae. This increase on MR was due mainly to a 1.9-fold increase in the number of main branches and an 8.6-fold increase in the number of primary lateral branches. Gas liquid chromatography and thin layer chromatography analyzes demonstrated that the galactomannan-driven enhancement of the in vitro multiplication rate of the Marubakaido apple rootstock was not related to the galactomannan degradation. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the successful use of partial replacement of high quality agar by a galactomannan from S. paraybae in a micropropagation system for a tree species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adaucto B Pereira-Netto
- Department of Botany-SCB, Centro Politécnico-Parana Federal University, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
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Madera-Santana TJ, Robledo D, Freile-Pelegrín Y. Physicochemical properties of biodegradable polyvinyl alcohol-agar films from the red algae Hydropuntia cornea. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2011; 13:793-800. [PMID: 21207092 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-010-9341-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2010] [Accepted: 12/05/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Agar obtained from the red alga Hydropuntia cornea was blended with polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH) in order to produce biodegradable films. In this study, we compare the properties of biopolymeric films formulated with agars extracted from H. cornea collected at different seasons (rainy and dry) in the Gulf of Mexico coast and PVOH as synthetic matrix. The films were prepared at different agar contents (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%) and their optical, mechanical, thermal, and morphological properties analyzed. The tensile strength of PVOH-agar films increased when agar content was augmented. The formulation with 50% agar from rainy season (RS) had a significant higher tensile strength when compared to those from dry season (DS; p < 0.05). Tensile modulus also displayed an increasing trend and likewise, for 50% and 75% agar blends from RS showed higher values than those from DS (p < 0.05). In contrast, elongation at break decreased as the agar content increased, independently of the season. Environmental scanning electron microscopy images of PVOH-agar 75% biofilms from RS showed a homogeneous structure with good interfacial adhesion between the two components. The changes evidenced in the FTIR spectrum of this blend suggest that hydrogen bonding is taking place between the agar ether linkages (C-O-C) and the hydroxyl groups (OH) of the PVOH. Based on the above mentioned results, blends of PVOH and 75% agar from H. cornea collected in rainy season showed good properties for applications in the biodegradable packaging industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomás J Madera-Santana
- Department of Marine Resources, Cinvestav, Km 6 Carretera Antigua a Progreso, Cordemex, 97310, A.P. 73, Mérida, Yuc, Mexico
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Effects of a sulfated polysaccharide isolated from the red seaweed Solieria filiformis on models of nociception and inflammation. Carbohydr Polym 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Xie X, Wang G, Pan G, Gao S, Xu P, Zhu J. Variations in morphology and PSII photosynthetic capabilities during the early development of tetraspores of Gracilaria vermiculophylla (Ohmi) Papenfuss (Gracilariales, Rhodophyta). BMC DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2010; 10:43. [PMID: 20426804 PMCID: PMC2873408 DOI: 10.1186/1471-213x-10-43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2009] [Accepted: 04/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Background Red algae are primitive photosynthetic eukaryotes, whose spores are ideal subjects for studies of photosynthesis and development. Although the development of red alga spores has received considerable research attention, few studies have focused on the detailed morphological and photosynthetic changes that occur during the early development of tetraspores of Gracilaria vermiculophylla (Ohmi) Papenfuss (Gracilariales, Rhodophyta). Herein, we documented these changes in this species of red algae. Results In the tetraspores, we observed two types of division, cruciate and zonate, and both could develop into multicellular bodies (disks). During the first 84 hours, tetraspores divided several times, but the diameter of the disks changed very little; thereafter, the diameter increased significantly. Scanning electron microscopy observations and analysis of histological sections revealed that the natural shape of the disk remains tapered over time, and the erect frond grows from the central protrusion of the disk. Cultivation of tissue from excised disks demonstrated that the central protrusion of the disk is essential for initiation of the erect frond. Photosynthetic (i.e., PSII) activities were measured using chlorophyll fluorescence analysis. The results indicated that freshly released tetraspores retained limited PSII photosynthetic capabilities; when the tetraspores attached to a substrate, those capabilities increased significantly. In the disk, the PSII activity of both marginal and central cells was similar, although some degree of morphological polarity was present; the PSII photosynthetic capabilities in young germling exhibited an apico-basal gradient. Conclusions Attachment of tetraspores to a substrate significantly enhanced their PSII photosynthetic capabilities, and triggered further development. The central protrusion of the disk is the growth point, may have transfer of nutritive material with the marginal cells. Within the young germling, the hetero-distribution of PSII photosynthetic capabilities might be due to the differences in cell functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiujun Xie
- Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Chemistry, College of Marine Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
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