1
|
Zhang J, Huang X. The crystal structure of (2 E,4 E)-1-ferrocenyl-5-phenylpenta-2,4-dien-1-one, C 21H 18FeO. Z KRIST-NEW CRYST ST 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/ncrs-2022-0048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
C21H18FeO, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 5.8577(3) Å, b = 11.2160(5) Å, c = 24.1507(11) Å, β = 92.803(2)°, V = 1584.80(13) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt
(F) = 0.0383, wRref
(F
2) = 0.0755, T = 170 K.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingxiao Zhang
- College of Food and Medicine, Luoyang Normal University , Luoyang , China
| | - Xuezhen Huang
- College of Food and Medicine, Luoyang Normal University , Luoyang , China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lee J, Lim S. Anti-inflammatory, and anti-arthritic effects by the twigs of Cinnamomum cassia on complete Freund's adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 278:114209. [PMID: 34015366 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The young branches of C. cassia Blume (Cinnamomi Ramulus; Guizhi; ; C. cassia twigs) have long been used as an anti-pyretic, anti-rheumatic, anti-spasmodic and stomachic in traditional medicine. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of this study was to test the anti-inflammatory, anti-nociceptive, and anti-arthritic effects of Cinnamomum cassia twigs in acute and chronic arthritis rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Subcutaneous injection of carrageenan for acute inflammation and complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) for chronic arthritis was carried out in the hind paw of SD rats. The paw volume was measured by a plethysmometer; thermal hyperalgesia was tested using a thermal plantar tester; hyperalgesia was evaluated by ankle flexion evoked vocalizations. The c-Fos expression in the lumbar spinal cord was measured with the avidin-biotin-peroxidase technique. The nitric oxide (NO) generation in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 cells was tested by Griess assay. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION An 80% ethanoic extract of the C. cassia twigs exhibited chronic anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic activities by reducing the edema volume in the paws of CFA-induced chronic arthritis in rats. In addition, it showed analgesic effects through the recovery of the paw withdrawal latency stimulated by thermal hyperalgesia, and suppressing the vocalization scores evoked by ankle flexion in the hind paws of the arthritis rats. It also controlled c-Fos expression in the lumbar spinal cord of the arthritis rats. Moreover, the addition its 80%-ethanoic extract, specifically, its ethyl acetate fraction, powerfully suppressed the paw swelling in carrageenan-stimulated arthritis and the NO production in LPS-induced murine immune cells. CONCLUSION C. cassia twigs may act as a viably sufficient therapeutic or preventive candidate for osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis; additionally, it could prevent gastrointestinal damage with its gastric protection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- JiSuk Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea.
| | - Sabina Lim
- Research Group of Pain and Neuroscience, East-West Medical Research Institute, WHO Collaborating Center, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Iqbal H, Menaa F, Khan NU, Razzaq A, Khan ZU, Ullah K, Kamal R, Sohail M, Thiripuranathar G, Uzair B, Rana NF, Khan BA, Menaa B. Two Promising Anti-Cancer Compounds, 2-Hydroxycinnaldehyde and 2-Benzoyloxycinnamaldehyde: Where do we stand? Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2021; 25:808-818. [PMID: 33593253 DOI: 10.2174/1386207324666210216094428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Natural bioactive compounds with anti-carcinogenic activity are gaining tremendous interest in the field of oncology. Cinnamon, an aromatic condiment commonly used in tropical regions, appeared incredibly promising as adjuvant for cancer therapy. Indeed, its whole or active parts (e.g., bark, leaf) exhibited significant anti-carcinogenic activity, which is mainly due to two cinnamaldehyde derivatives, namely 2-hydroxycinnaldehyde (HCA) and 2-benzoyloxycinnamaldehyde (BCA). In addition to their anti-cancer activity, HCA and BCA exert immunomodulatory, anti-platelets, and anti-inflammatory activities. Highly reactive α,ß-unsaturated carbonyl pharmacophore, called Michael acceptor, contribute to their therapeutic effects. The molecular mechanisms, underlying their anti-tumoral and anti-metastatic effects are miscellaneous, strongly suggesting that these compounds are multi-targeting compounds. Nevertheless, unravelling the exact molecular mechanisms of HCA and BCA remain a challenging matter which is necessary for optimal controlled-drug targeting delivery, safety, and efficiency. Eventually, their poor pharmacological properties (e.g., systemic bioavailability and solubility) represent a limitation, and depend both on their administration route (e.g., per os, intravenously) and the nature of the formulation (e.g., free, smart nano-). This concise review focused on the potential of HCA and BCA as adjuvants in Cancer. We described their medicinal effects as well as provide an update about their molecular mechanisms reported either in-vitro, ex-vivo, or in animal models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haroon Iqbal
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou. China
| | - Farid Menaa
- Department of Oncology, California Innovations Corp., San Diego, CA. United States
| | - Naveed Ullah Khan
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou. China
| | - Anam Razzaq
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou. China
| | | | - Kifayat Ullah
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou. China
| | - Robia Kamal
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou. China
| | - Muhammad Sohail
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai. China
| | - Gobika Thiripuranathar
- Institute of Chemistry Ceylon, College of Chemical Sciences, Welikada, Rajagiriya. Sri Lanka
| | - Bushra Uzair
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Islamic International University, Islamabad. Pakistan
| | - Nosheen Fatima Rana
- Department of Biomedical Engineering & Sciences, School of Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering, National University of Sciences & Technology, Islamabad. Pakistan
| | - Barkat Ali Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Gomal University, D.I. Khan. Pakistan
| | - Bouzid Menaa
- Department of Oncology, California Innovations Corp., San Diego, CA. United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Houghton JW, Carpenter G, Hans J, Pesaro M, Lynham S, Proctor G. Agonists of Orally Expressed TRP Channels Stimulate Salivary Secretion and Modify the Salivary Proteome. Mol Cell Proteomics 2020; 19:1664-1676. [PMID: 32651226 PMCID: PMC8014997 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra120.002174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural compounds that can stimulate salivary secretion are of interest in developing treatments for xerostomia, the perception of a dry mouth, that affects between 10 and 30% of the adult and elderly population. Chemesthetic transient receptor potential (TRP) channels are expressed in the surface of the oral mucosa. The TRPV1 agonists capsaicin and piperine have been shown to increase salivary flow when introduced into the oral cavity but the sialogogic properties of other TRP channel agonists have not been investigated. In this study we have determined the influence of different TRP channel agonists on the flow and protein composition of saliva. Mouth rinsing with the TRPV1 agonist nonivamide or menthol, a TRPM8 agonist, increased whole mouth saliva (WMS) flow and total protein secretion compared with unstimulated saliva, the vehicle control mouth rinse or cinnamaldehyde, a TRPA1 agonist. Nonivamide also increased the flow of labial minor gland saliva but parotid saliva flow rate was not increased. The influence of TRP channel agonists on the composition and function of the salivary proteome was investigated using a multi-batch quantitative MS method novel to salivary proteomics. Inter-personal and inter-mouth rinse variation was observed in the secreted proteomes and, using a novel bioinformatics method, inter-day variation was identified with some of the mouth rinses. Significant changes in specific salivary proteins were identified after all mouth rinses. In the case of nonivamide, these changes were attributed to functional shifts in the WMS secreted, primarily the over representation of salivary and nonsalivary cystatins which was confirmed by immunoassay. This study provides new evidence of the impact of TRP channel agonists on the salivary proteome and the stimulation of salivary secretion by a TRPM8 channel agonist, which suggests that TRP channel agonists are potential candidates for developing treatments for sufferers of xerostomia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jack William Houghton
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.
| | - Guy Carpenter
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | | | - Steven Lynham
- Proteomics Facility, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Gordon Proctor
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Combined treatment with 2'-hydroxycinnamaldehyde and temozolomide suppresses glioblastoma tumorspheres by decreasing stemness and invasiveness. J Neurooncol 2019; 143:69-77. [PMID: 30887242 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-019-03151-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and aggressive human primary brain malignancy. The key properties of GBM, stemness and invasiveness, are known to be associated with a highly unfavorable prognosis. Notably, the process of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is closely related to the progression of GBM. On the basis of reports that 2'-hydroxycinnamaldehyde (HCA) and its derivative, 2'-benzoyloxycinnamaldehyde (BCA), suppresses EMT in several human cancer cells, we sought to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of HCA and BCA, alone and in combination with temozolomide (TMZ), on GBM tumorspheres (TSs). METHODS Two human GBM TSs were treated with HCA, BCA, or TMZ. Therapeutic effects were evaluated by measuring ATP levels, neurosphere formation, 3D-invasion in collagen matrix, and viability. Protein expression profiles after drug treatment were evaluated by western blotting. In vivo anticancer efficacy of drugs was examined in a mouse orthotopic xenograft model. RESULTS Combined treatment of GBM TSs with HCA or BCA and TMZ significantly reduced cell viability, stemness, and invasiveness. Expression levels of stemness-, invasiveness-, and mesenchymal transition-associated markers, Zeb1, N-cadherin, and β-catenin, were also substantially decreased by the combined treatment. The combined treatment also reduced tumor growth in a mouse orthotopic xenograft model. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that HCA and BCA, combined with TMZ, are potential therapeutic agents in the treatment of GBM.
Collapse
|
6
|
Structural Moieties Required for Cinnamaldehyde-Related Compounds to Inhibit Canonical IL-1β Secretion. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23123241. [PMID: 30544610 PMCID: PMC6321442 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23123241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Suppressing canonical NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome-mediated interleukin (IL)-1β secretion is a reliable strategy for the development of nutraceutical to prevent chronic inflammatory diseases. This study aimed to find out the functional group responsible for the inhibitory effects of cinnamaldehyde-related compounds on the canonical IL-1β secretion. To address this, the suppressing capacities of six cinnamaldehyde-related compounds were evaluated and compared by using the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-primed and adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP)-activated macrophages. At concentrations of 25~100 μM, cinnamaldehyde and 2-methoxy cinnamaldehyde dose-dependently inhibited IL-1β secretion. In contrast, cinnamic acid, cinnamyl acetate, cinnamyl alcohol and α-methyl cinnamaldehyde did not exert any inhibition. Furthermore, cinnamaldehyde and 2-methoxy cinnamaldehyde diminished expressions of NLRP3 and pro-IL-1β. Meanwhile, cinnamaldehyde and 2-methoxy cinnamaldehyde prevented the ATP-induced reduction of cytosolic pro-caspase-1 and increase of secreted caspase-1. In conclusion, for cinnamaldehyde-related compounds to suppress NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated IL-1β secretion, the propenal group of the side chain was essential, while the substituted group of the aromatic ring played a modifying role. Cinnamaldehyde and 2-methoxy cinnamaldehyde exerted dual abilities to inhibit canonical IL-1β secretion at both stages of priming and activation. Therefore, there might be potential to serve as complementary supplements for the prevention of chronic inflammatory diseases.
Collapse
|
7
|
Esgalhado M, Stenvinkel P, Mafra D. Nonpharmacologic Strategies to Modulate Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2–related Factor 2 Pathway in Chronic Kidney Disease. J Ren Nutr 2017; 27:282-291. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jrn.2017.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Revised: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
|
8
|
Ribeiro-Santos R, Andrade M, Madella D, Martinazzo AP, de Aquino Garcia Moura L, de Melo NR, Sanches-Silva A. Revisiting an ancient spice with medicinal purposes: Cinnamon. Trends Food Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2017.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
|
9
|
ElKady AI, Ramadan WS. The aqueous extract of cinnamon bark ameliorated cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity in vero cells without compromising the anticancer efficiency of cisplatin. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub 2016; 160:363-71. [DOI: 10.5507/bp.2016.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
|
10
|
Cinnamon extract exhibits potent anti-proliferative activity by modulating angiogenesis and cyclooxygenase in myeloma cells. J Herb Med 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hermed.2016.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
11
|
Shreaz S, Wani WA, Behbehani JM, Raja V, Irshad M, Karched M, Ali I, Siddiqi WA, Hun LT. Cinnamaldehyde and its derivatives, a novel class of antifungal agents. Fitoterapia 2016; 112:116-31. [PMID: 27259370 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2016.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Revised: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The last few decades have seen an alarming rise in fungal infections, which currently represent a global health threat. Despite extensive research towards the development of new antifungal agents, only a limited number of antifungal drugs are available in the market. The routinely used polyene agents and many azole antifungals are associated with some common side effects such as severe hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity. Also, antifungal resistance continues to grow and evolve and complicate patient management, despite the introduction of new antifungal agents. This suitation requires continuous attention. Cinnamaldehyde has been reported to inhibit bacteria, yeasts, and filamentous molds via the inhibition of ATPases, cell wall biosynthesis, and alteration of membrane structure and integrity. In this regard, several novel cinnamaldehyde derivatives were synthesized with the claim of potential antifungal activities. The present article describes antifungal properties of cinnamaldehyde and its derivatives against diverse classes of pathogenic fungi. This review will provide an overview of what is currently known about the primary mode of action of cinnamaldehyde. Synergistic approaches for boosting the effectiveness of cinnamaldehyde and its derivatives have been highlighted. Also, a keen analysis of the pharmacologically active systems derived from cinnamaldehyde has been discussed. Finally, efforts were made to outline the future perspectives of cinnamaldehyde-based antifungal agents. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of current knowledge about the antifungal properties and antifungal mode of action of cinnamaldehyde and its derivatives and to identify research avenues that can facilitate implementation of cinnamaldehyde as a natural antifungal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sheikh Shreaz
- Oral Microbiology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Health Sciences Center, Kuwait University, P.O. Box 24923, Safat 13110, Kuwait.
| | - Waseem A Wani
- Institute of Bioproduct Development, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, UTM, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Jawad M Behbehani
- Oral Microbiology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Health Sciences Center, Kuwait University, P.O. Box 24923, Safat 13110, Kuwait
| | - Vaseem Raja
- Department of Applied Sciences & Humanities, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), P.O. Box 110025, New Delhi, India
| | - Md Irshad
- Oral Microbiology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Health Sciences Center, Kuwait University, P.O. Box 24923, Safat 13110, Kuwait
| | - Maribasappa Karched
- Oral Microbiology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Health Sciences Center, Kuwait University, P.O. Box 24923, Safat 13110, Kuwait
| | - Intzar Ali
- Membrane Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110 067, India
| | - Weqar A Siddiqi
- Department of Applied Sciences & Humanities, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), P.O. Box 110025, New Delhi, India
| | - Lee Ting Hun
- Institute of Bioproduct Development, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, UTM, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Hong SH, Ismail IA, Kang SM, Han DC, Kwon BM. Cinnamaldehydes in Cancer Chemotherapy. Phytother Res 2016; 30:754-67. [PMID: 26890810 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2015] [Revised: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cinnamaldehyde and cinnamaldehyde-derived compounds are candidates for the development of anticancer drugs that have received extensive research attention. In this review, we summarize recent findings detailing the positive and negative aspects of cinnamaldehyde and its derivatives as potential anticancer drug candidates. Furthermore, we describe the in vivo pharmacokinetics and metabolism of cinnamaldehydes. The oxidative and antioxidative properties of cinnamaldehydes, which contribute to their potential in chemotherapy, have also been discussed. Moreover, the mechanism(s) by which cinnamaldehydes induce apoptosis in cancer cells have been explored. In addition, evidence of the regulatory effects of cinnamaldehydes on cancer cell invasion and metastasis has been described. Finally, the application of cinnamaldehydes in treating various types of cancer, including breast, prostate, and colon cancers, has been discussed in detail. The effects of cinnamaldehydes on leukemia, hepatocellular carcinoma, and oral cancer have been summarized briefly. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Su-Hyung Hong
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 700-412, Korea
| | - Ismail Ahmed Ismail
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 700-412, Korea.,Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, 71516, Egypt
| | - Sung-Min Kang
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 700-412, Korea
| | - Dong Cho Han
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Genomics, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology in Korea, 125 Gwahakro Yoosunggu, Daejeon, 305-806, Korea
| | - Byoung-Mog Kwon
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Genomics, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology in Korea, 125 Gwahakro Yoosunggu, Daejeon, 305-806, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ahn SG, Jin YH, Yoon JH, Kim SA. The anticancer mechanism of 2'-hydroxycinnamaldehyde in human head and neck cancer cells. Int J Oncol 2015; 47:1793-800. [PMID: 26352194 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2015.3152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cinnamaldehyde has been shown to effectively induce apoptosis in a number of human cancer cells. In the present study, cinnamaldehyde derivative-induced apoptosis and its signaling pathways were assessed in p53-wild (SGT) and p53-mutant (YD-10B) human head and neck cancer cells. The cinnamaldehyde derivatives, 2'-hydroxycinnamaldehyde (HCA) and 2'-benzoyloxycinnamaldehyde (BCA), exhibited powerful anti-proliferative effects on SGT and YD-10B cells. The apoptotic effect induced by HCA or BCA was supported by caspase-3, -7, -9 and PARP activation, and confirmed by Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining. HCA induced the expression of p21 in both SGT and YD-10B cells. Furthermore, HCA induced the level of pro-apoptotic Bak1 expression while decreasing the level of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 in both cell lines, suggesting that HCA induced the cell death pathway in a p53-independent manner. HCA also induced the expression of LC3B in SGT and YD-10B cells. Following pre-incubation with the autophagy inhibitor 3-MA, HCA-induced apoptosis was largely increased in SGT cells, while inhibited in YD-10B cells, suggesting that autophagy may actively contribute to HCA-induced apoptosis. Taken together, these observations suggest that HCA may be an effective therapeutic agent in the treatment of head and neck cancer regardless of p53 status.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Gun Ahn
- Department of Pathology, School of Dentistry, Chosun University, Gwangju 501-759, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Hee Jin
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Oriental Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju 780-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hoon Yoon
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, College of Dentistry, Daejeon Dental Hospital, Wonkwang Bone Regeneration Research Institute, Wonkwang University, Daejeon 302-120, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-A Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Oriental Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju 780-714, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ismail IA, Abdel shakor AB, Hong SH. DJ-1 Protects Breast Cancer Cells Against 2′-Benzoyloxycinnamaldehyde-induced Oxidative Stress Independent of Nrf2. J Cell Physiol 2015; 230:2262-9. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ismail Ahmed Ismail
- Department of Biology; Faculty of Science; Taibah University; Al Madinah Al Munawarah Saudi Arabia
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology; Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science; Assiut University; Assiut Egypt
| | - Abo bakr Abdel shakor
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology; Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science; Assiut University; Assiut Egypt
- Department of Biology; Faculty of Science; King Khalid University; Abha Saudi Arabia
| | - Su-Hyung Hong
- Department of Oral Microbiology; School of Dentistry; Kyungpook National University; Daegu South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Al-Maksoud W, Jahjah M, Monflier E, Ponchel A, Léger B, Pinel C, Djakovitch L. Aqueous Heck Arylation of Acrolein Derivatives: The Role of Cyclodextrin as Additive. Top Catal 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11244-014-0328-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
16
|
Cinnamon: a multifaceted medicinal plant. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2014; 2014:642942. [PMID: 24817901 PMCID: PMC4003790 DOI: 10.1155/2014/642942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 321] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum, and Cinnamon cassia), the eternal tree of tropical medicine, belongs to the Lauraceae family. Cinnamon is one of the most important spices used daily by people all over the world. Cinnamon primarily contains vital oils and other derivatives, such as cinnamaldehyde, cinnamic acid, and cinnamate. In addition to being an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antimicrobial, anticancer, lipid-lowering, and cardiovascular-disease-lowering compound, cinnamon has also been reported to have activities against neurological disorders, such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases. This review illustrates the pharmacological prospective of cinnamon and its use in daily life.
Collapse
|
17
|
Kim J, Kang HS, Lee YJ, Lee HJ, Yun J, Shin JH, Lee CW, Kwon BM, Hong SH. EGR1-dependent PTEN upregulation by 2-benzoyloxycinnamaldehyde attenuates cell invasion and EMT in colon cancer. Cancer Lett 2014; 349:35-44. [PMID: 24704156 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2014.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Revised: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
There has been little evidence to support EGR1 and PTEN function on the EMT of cancer cells. We tried to evaluate how these genes affect cancer cell invasion and EMT through investigating the molecular mechanism(s) of 2'-benzoyloxycinnamaldehyde (BCA). Matrigel invasion and wound healing assay, and in vivo mice model were used to evaluate the effect of BCA on colon cancer cell migration. The molecular mechanism(s) of BCA were evaluated by knock-down or overexpression of EGR1 and PTEN. BCA at 50 nM increased E-cadherin and EGR1 expression without cytotoxicity. Cell migration was inhibited significantly by BCA both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, BCA inhibits Snail and Vimentin expression, as well as β-catenin nuclear accumulation. Suppression of EGR1 by siRNA attenuated the inhibition of matrigel invasion by BCA, indicating that EGR1 is responsible for BCA effect. PTEN was upregulated by BCA treatment or EGR1 overexpression. In addition, shPTEN transfection stimulated EMT and cell invasion in vitro. Our data suggest that BCA leads to a remarkable upregulation of EGR1 expression, and that EMT and invasion is decreased via EGR1-dependent PTEN activation. These data showed a critical role of EGR1-PTEN signaling pathway in the EMT of colon cancer, as well as metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinkyung Kim
- Department of Oral Microbiology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 700-412, South Korea.
| | - Hye Suk Kang
- Department of Oral Microbiology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 700-412, South Korea.
| | - Yu-Jin Lee
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Genomics, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejon 305-806, South Korea.
| | - Heon-Jin Lee
- Department of Oral Microbiology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 700-412, South Korea.
| | - Jieun Yun
- Bioevaluation Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Ochang, Cheongwon, Chungbuk 363-883, South Korea.
| | - Jung Hyu Shin
- Bioevaluation Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Ochang, Cheongwon, Chungbuk 363-883, South Korea.
| | - Chang Woo Lee
- Bioevaluation Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Ochang, Cheongwon, Chungbuk 363-883, South Korea.
| | - Byoung-Mog Kwon
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Genomics, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejon 305-806, South Korea.
| | - Su-Hyung Hong
- Department of Oral Microbiology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 700-412, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Yu C, Liu SL, Qi MH, Zou X. Cinnamaldehyde/chemotherapeutic agents interaction and drug-metabolizing genes in colorectal cancer. Mol Med Rep 2013; 9:669-76. [PMID: 24276478 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2013.1830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cinnamaldehyde is an active monomer isolated from the stem bark of Cinnamomum cassia, a traditional oriental medicinal herb, which is known to possess marked antitumor effects in vitro and in vivo. The aim of the present study was to examine the potential advantages of using cinnamaldehyde in combination with chemotherapeutic agents commonly used in colorectal carcinoma (CRC) therapy, as well as to investigate the effect of cinnamaldehyde on chemotherapeutic-associated gene expression. The synergistic interaction of cinnamaldehyde and chemotherapeutic agents on human CRC HT-29 and LoVo cells was evaluated using the combination index (CI) method. The double staining with Annexin V conjugated to fluorescein-isothiocyanate and phosphatidylserine was employed for apoptosis detection. The expression of drug-metabolizing genes, including excision repair cross‑complementing 1 (ERCC1), orotate phosphoribosyltransferase (OPRT), thymidylate synthase (TS), breast cancer susceptibility gene 1 (BRCA1) and topoisomerase 1 (TOPO1), all in HT-29 and LoVo cells, with or without the addition of cinnamaldehyde, was examined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Cinnamaldehyde had a synergistic effect on the chemotherapeutic agents cytotoxicity in HT-29 and LoVo cells. In addition, cinnamaldehyde suppressed BRCA1, TOPO1, ERCC1 and TS mRNA expression, except for OPRT expression, which was markedly upregulated. Our findings indicate that cinnamaldehyde appears to be a promising candidate as an adjuvant in combination therapy with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and oxaliplatin (OXA), two chemotherapeutic agents used in CRC treatment. The possible mechanisms of its action may involve the regulation of drug‑metabolizing genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Yu
- First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210046, P.R. China
| | - Shen-Lin Liu
- Senior Expert Consultation Center, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Ming-Hao Qi
- National Clinical Research Base of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Xi Zou
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Cardozo LFMF, Pedruzzi LM, Stenvinkel P, Stockler-Pinto MB, Daleprane JB, Leite M, Mafra D. Nutritional strategies to modulate inflammation and oxidative stress pathways via activation of the master antioxidant switch Nrf2. Biochimie 2013; 95:1525-33. [PMID: 23643732 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2013.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) plays an important role in cellular protection against cancer, renal, pulmonary, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases where oxidative stress and inflammation are common conditions. The Nrf2 regulates the expression of detoxifying enzymes by recognizing the human Antioxidant Response Element (ARE) binding site and it can regulate antioxidant and anti-inflammatory cellular responses, playing an important protective role on the development of the diseases. Studies designed to investigate how effective Nrf2 activators or modulators are need to be initiated. Several recent studies have shown that nutritional compounds can modulate the activation of Nrf2-Keap1 system. This review aims to discuss some of the key nutritional compounds that promote the activation of Nrf2, which may have impact on the human health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ludmila F M F Cardozo
- Federal Fluminense University, Graduate Programme in Cardiovascular Sciences, Niterói-RJ, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Kang HS, Ock J, Lee HJ, Lee YJ, Kwon BM, Hong SH. Early growth response protein 1 upregulation and nuclear translocation by 2'-benzoyloxycinnamaldehyde induces prostate cancer cell death. Cancer Lett 2012. [PMID: 23178451 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2012.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
2'-Benzoyloxycinnamaldehyde (BCA) induces apoptosis in human cancer cells through ROS generation. BCA upregulates proapoptotic genes such as activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3), NSAID-activated gene 1 protein (NAG-1), and growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible protein alpha (GADD45A) in prostate cancer cells. These genes are known to be induced by transcription factor early growth response protein 1 (EGR1). BCA induces significant EGR1 upregulation, while EGR1 knockdown decreases the induction of these genes with concurrent alleviation of cell death by BCA. Antioxidant glutathione pretreatment with BCA removes EGR1 expression increase, suggesting that EGR1 upregulation is dependent on oxidative stress generated by BCA. In prostate cancer cells, EGR1 localizes in the cytoplasm; however, BCA remarkably upregulates EGR1 nuclear translocalization, suggesting its possible effect as a transcriptional activator. BCA induces transient upregulation of importin-7 (IPO7) which is critical for EGR1 nuclear translocation, and IPO7 knockdown led to a significant decrease in chemosensitivity to BCA. Taken together, our findings suggest that BCA induces prostate cancer cell death via EGR1 upregulation and nuclear translocalization, followed by activation of proapoptotic target genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Sook Kang
- Department of Oral Microbiology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 700-412, South Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Nagle AA, Gan FF, Jones G, So CL, Wells G, Chew EH. Induction of tumor cell death through targeting tubulin and evoking dysregulation of cell cycle regulatory proteins by multifunctional cinnamaldehydes. PLoS One 2012; 7:e50125. [PMID: 23185555 PMCID: PMC3503761 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0050125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2012] [Accepted: 10/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Multifunctional trans-cinnamaldehyde (CA) and its analogs display anti-cancer properties, with 2-benzoyloxycinnamaldehyde (BCA) and 5-fluoro-2-hydroxycinnamaldehyde (FHCA) being identified as the ortho-substituted analogs that possess potent anti-tumor activities. In this study, BCA, FHCA and a novel analog 5-fluoro-2-benzoyloxycinnamaldehyde (FBCA), were demonstrated to decrease growth and colony formation of human colon-derived HCT 116 and mammary-derived MCF-7 carcinoma cells under non-adhesive conditions. The 2-benzoyloxy and 5-fluoro substituents rendered FBCA more potent than BCA and equipotent to FHCA. The cellular events by which these cinnamaldehydes caused G(2)/M phase arrest and halted proliferation of HCT 116 cells were thereby investigated. Lack of significant accumulation of mitosis marker phospho-histone H3 in cinnamaldehyde-treated cells indicated that the analogs arrested cells in G(2) phase. G(2) arrest was brought about partly by cinnamaldehyde-mediated depletion of cell cycle proteins involved in regulating G(2) to M transition and spindle assembly, namely cdk1, cdc25C, mad2, cdc20 and survivin. Cyclin B1 levels were found to be increased, which in the absence of active cdk1, would fail to drive cells into M phase. Concentrations of cinnamaldehydes that brought about dysregulation of levels of cell cycle proteins also caused tubulin aggregation, as evident from immunodetection of dose-dependent tubulin accumulation in the insoluble cell lysate fractions. In a cell-free system, reduced biotin-conjugated iodoacetamide (BIAM) labeling of tubulin protein pretreated with cinnamaldehydes was indicative of drug interaction with the sulfhydryl groups in tubulin. In conclusion, cinnamaldehydes treatment at proapoptotic concentrations caused tubulin aggregation and dysegulation of cell cycle regulatory proteins cdk1 and cdc25C that contributed at least in part to arresting cells at G(2) phase, resulting in apoptotic cell death characterized by emergence of cleaved forms of caspase 3 and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). Results presented in this study have thus provided further insights into the intricate network of cellular events by which cinnamaldehydes induce tumor cell death.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amrita A. Nagle
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Fei-Fei Gan
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Gavin Jones
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Chemistry, University College London School of Pharmacy, London, United Kingdom
| | - Choon-Leng So
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Geoffrey Wells
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Chemistry, University College London School of Pharmacy, London, United Kingdom
| | - Eng-Hui Chew
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Ismail IA, Kang HS, Lee HJ, Kwon BM, Hong SH. 2'-Benzoyloxycinnamaldehyde-mediated DJ-1 upregulation protects MCF-7 cells from mitochondrial damage. Biol Pharm Bull 2012; 35:895-902. [PMID: 22687481 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.35.895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
2'-Benzoyloxycinnamaldehyde (BCA) is a promising antitumor agent which induces cancer cells apoptosis via reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. BCA shows more effective antiproliferation in MDA-MB-435 than in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. DJ-1 has been known to protect cells against oxidative stress as an antioxidant because of its cysteine residues sensitive to oxidative stress. In the present study, we evaluated the mechanism of DJ-1 for cell protection from oxidative stress after BCA treatment in MCF-7 cell. BCA upregulates the expression of DJ-1 in MCF-7 cells. However, DJ-1 expression decreased continuously for 24 h after BCA treatment in MDA-MB-435 cells. DJ-1 knockdown sensitized MCF-7 cells to BCA, on the contrary, DJ-1 overexpression induced MDA-MB-435 cells less sensitive to BCA. Confocal microscopic observation showed that only in MCF-7 cells BCA increased the overlapped signal between mitochondria and DJ-1 protein. Mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) was decreased in MDA-MB-435 cells by BCA, and DJ-1 overexpression inhibited BCA-induced MMP decrease in these cells. On the contrary, DJ-1 knockdown in MCF-7 induced MMP perturbation by BCA. These findings suggest that DJ-1 upregulation protects MCF-7 cells from BCA via inhibiting mitochondrial damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ismail Ahmed Ismail
- Department of Oral Microbiology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Huang TC, Chung YL, Wu ML, Chuang SM. Cinnamaldehyde enhances Nrf2 nuclear translocation to upregulate phase II detoxifying enzyme expression in HepG2 cells. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:5164-5171. [PMID: 21469739 DOI: 10.1021/jf200579h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Cinnamaldehyde has been demonstrated to stimulate glutathione production and the expression of phase II detoxifying enzymes in HepG2 cells. The mechanism underlying this cinnamaldehyde-mediated gene expression relies on Nrf2 transcriptional activity. Therefore, the molecular signaling events in cinnamaldehyde-mediated detoxifying enzyme expression were further investigated in this study. Cinnamaldehyde activated ERK1/2, Akt, and JNK signaling pathways, but not the p38 MAP kinase pathway, subsequently leading to Nrf2 nuclear translocation and eventually increasing phase II enzyme expression. In contrast, inhibition of ERK1/2, Akt, or JNK pathways attenuated Nrf2 nuclear translocation and phase II enzyme expression. Depletion of Nrf2 by small RNA interference (si-RNA) showed that the protein levels of phase II enzymes were no longer induced by cinnamaldehyde. A luciferase reporter assay and an electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) also demonstrated that cinnamaldehyde-activated signaling resulted in the increased transcriptional activity of Nrf2 through binding to the ARE4 enhancer sequence. Altogether, these data suggest that ERK1/2, Akt, and JNK pathways activated by cinnamaldehyde collectively control Nrf2 nuclear translocation and transcriptional activity, leading to the increase of phase II enzyme expression. Application of an appropriate chemopreventive agent such as cinnamaldehyde could potentially be an alternative strategy for cancer chemoprevention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tzou-Chi Huang
- Department of Food Science, National Pingtung University of Science & Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Han YM, Shin DS, Lee YJ, Ismail IA, Hong SH, Han DC, Kwon BM. 2-Hydroxycurcuminoid induces apoptosis of human tumor cells through the reactive oxygen species-mitochondria pathway. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 21:747-51. [PMID: 21183341 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.11.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2010] [Revised: 11/23/2010] [Accepted: 11/24/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
2-Hydroxycinnamaldehyde (HCA) and curcumin have been reported to have antitumor effects against various human tumor cells in vitro and in vivo by generation of ROS. Aldehyde-free HCA analogs were synthesized based on the structure of curcumin, which we have called 2-hydroxycurcuminoids. The hydroxyl group of curcuminoids enhances the ability to generate ROS. 2-Hydroxycurcuminoid (HCC-7) strongly inhibited the growth of SW620 colon tumor cells with a GI(50) value of 7μM, while the parent compounds, HCA and curcumin, displayed GI(50) values of 12 and 30μM, respectively. HCC-7 was found to induce apoptosis through the reactive oxygen species-mitochondria pathway and cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Young-Min Han
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Genomics, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 52 Uendong, Yoosung, Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Ock J, Lee HA, Ismail IA, Lee HJ, Kwon BM, Suk K, Lee WH, Hong SH. Differential antiproliferation effect of 2′-benzoyloxycinnamaldehyde in K-ras-transformed cells via downregulation of thiol antioxidants. Cancer Sci 2010; 102:212-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2010.01781.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
|
26
|
Lee K, Park SK, Kwon BM, Kim K, Yu HE, Ryu J, Oh SJ, Lee KS, Kang JS, Lee CW, Kwon MG, Kim HM. Transport and metabolism of the antitumour drug candidate 2'-benzoyloxycinnamaldehyde in Caco-2 cells. Xenobiotica 2010; 39:881-8. [PMID: 19925380 DOI: 10.3109/00498250903216000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The transport and metabolism of the antitumour drug candidate 2'-benzoyloxycinnamaldehyde (BCA) was characterized in Caco-2 cells. BCA disappeared rapidly from the donor side without being transported to the receiver side during its absorptive transport across Caco-2 cells. Its metabolites 2'-hydroxycinnamaldehyde (HCA) and o-coumaric acid (OCA) were formed in both the donor and the receiver sides. HCA, in a separate study, also disappeared rapidly from the donor side, mostly being converted to its oxidative metabolite OCA during its absorptive transport across Caco-2 cells. OCA was transported rapidly in the absorptive direction across Caco-2 cells with a P(app) of 25.4 +/- 1.0 x 10(-6) cm s(-1) (mean +/- standard deviation (SD), n = 3). OCA was fully recovered from both the donor and the receiver side throughout the time-course of this study. Formation of HCA from BCA was inhibited almost completely by bis(p-nitrophenyl)phosphate (BNPP), a selective inhibitor of carboxylesterases (CES), and phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF), a broad specificity inhibitor of esterases in Caco-2 cells, suggesting that this hydrolytic biotransformation was likely mediated predominantly by CES. Conversion of HCA to OCA was inhibited significantly by isovanillin, a selective inhibitor of aldehyde oxidase (AO). Inhibitors for xanthine oxidase (XO) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), which are known to be involved in the oxidation of aldehydes to carboxylic acids, did not have a significant effect on the biotransformation of HCA to OCA in Caco-2 cells. In summary, the present work demonstrates that BCA is hydrolysed rapidly to HCA, followed by subsequent oxidation to OCA, in Caco-2 cells. The results provide a mechanistic understanding of the poor absorption and low bioavailability of BCA after oral administration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Lee
- Bio-Evaluation Center, KRIBB, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Lee HS, Lee SY, Ha HL, Han DC, Han JM, Jeong TS, Yu DY, Yeom YI, Kwon BM, Moon EY. 2'-Benzoyloxycinnamaldehyde inhibits tumor growth in H-ras12V transgenic mice via downregulation of metallothionein. Nutr Cancer 2010; 61:723-34. [PMID: 19838947 DOI: 10.1080/01635580902825613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Cinnamaldehydes have been reported to induce apoptosis in human carcinomas through the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). 2'-benzoyloxycinnamaldehyde (BCA) has been reported to inhibit tumor formation in H-ras12V transgenic mice. To see the antitumor effects of BCA, BCA was administrated intraperitoneally (50 mg/kg) to H-ras12V transgenic mice for 3 wk, and it was found that the hepatic tumor volume and the total number of tumors were decreased in BCA-treated mice as compared to control H-ras12V transgenic mice. To identify possible target genes responsible for BCA antitumor effects in H-ras12V transgenic mice, cDNA microarray analyses were performed comparing gene expression between BCA treated and control transgenic mice. We found that 42 genes were downregulated, and 40 genes were upregulated in the BCA-treated transgenic mice. The downregulated genes included several genes involved in ROS regulation and immune response (aconitase, metallothionein-1, metallothionein-2, and purine nucleoside phosphorylase). The expression of ROS-related genes, metallothionein 1 and metallothionein 2, was decreased more than twofold with BCA treatment (P < 0.001). It was confirmed by RT-PCR and immunohistochemical analyses. The inhibition of tumor formation and growth in H-ras12V transgenic mice by BCA was mediated through inhibition of the expression of the ROS scavengers metallothionein 1 and metallothionein 2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heun-Sik Lee
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Chew EH, Nagle AA, Zhang Y, Scarmagnani S, Palaniappan P, Bradshaw TD, Holmgren A, Westwell AD. Cinnamaldehydes inhibit thioredoxin reductase and induce Nrf2: potential candidates for cancer therapy and chemoprevention. Free Radic Biol Med 2010; 48:98-111. [PMID: 19837157 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2009.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2009] [Revised: 09/08/2009] [Accepted: 10/08/2009] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Trans-cinnamaldehyde (CA) and its analogs 2-hydroxycinnamaldehyde and 2-benzoyloxycinnamaldehyde have been reported to possess antitumor activity. CA is also a known Nrf2 activator. In this study, a series of ortho-substituted cinnamaldehyde analogs was synthesized and screened for antiproliferative and thioredoxin reductase (TrxR)-inhibitory activities. Whereas CA was weakly cytotoxic and TrxR inhibiting, hydroxy and benzoyloxy substitutions resulted in analogs with enhanced antiproliferative activity paralleling increased potency in TrxR inactivation. A novel analog, 5-fluoro-2-hydroxycinnamaldehyde, was identified as exhibiting the strongest antitumor effect (GI(50) 1.6 microM in HCT 116 cells) and TrxR inhibition (IC(50) 7 microM, 1 h incubation with recombinant TrxR). CA and its 2-hydroxy- and 2-benzoyloxy-substituted analogs possessed dual TrxR-inhibitory and Nrf2-inducing effects, both attributed to an active Michael acceptor pharmacophore. At lethal concentrations, TrxR-inhibitory potencies correlated with the compounds' antiproliferative activities. The penultimate C-terminal selenocysteine residue was shown to be a possible target. Conversely, at sublethal concentrations, these agents induced an adaptive antioxidant response through Nrf2-mediated upregulation of phase II enzymes, including TrxR induction. We conclude from the results obtained that TrxR inactivation contributes at least partly to cinnamaldehyde cytotoxicity. These Michael acceptor molecules can potentially be exploited for use in different concentrations in chemotherapeutic and chemopreventive strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eng-Hui Chew
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Lu J, Zhang K, Nam S, Anderson RA, Jove R, Wen W. Novel angiogenesis inhibitory activity in cinnamon extract blocks VEGFR2 kinase and downstream signaling. Carcinogenesis 2009; 31:481-8. [PMID: 19969552 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgp292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
As a critical factor in the induction of angiogenesis, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has become an attractive target for anti-angiogenesis treatment. However, the side effects associated with most anti-VEGF agents limit their chronic use. Identification of naturally occurring VEGF inhibitors derived from diet is a potential alternative approach, with the advantage of known safety. To isolate natural inhibitors of VEGF, we established an in vitro tyrosine kinase assay to screen for diet-based agents that suppress VEGFR2 kinase activity. We found that a water-based extract from cinnamon (cinnamon extract, CE), one of the oldest and most popular spices, was a potent inhibitor of VEGFR2 kinase activity, directly inhibiting kinase activity of purified VEGFR2 as well as mitogen-activated protein kinase- and Stat3-mediated signaling pathway in endothelial cells. As a result, CE inhibited VEGF-induced endothelial cell proliferation, migration and tube formation in vitro, sprout formation from aortic ring ex vivo and tumor-induced blood vessel formation in vivo. Depletion of polyphenol from CE with polyvinylpyrrolidone abolished its anti-angiogenesis activity. While cinnamaldehyde, a component responsible for CE aroma, had little effect on VEGFR2 kinase activity, high-performance liquid chromatography-purified components of CE, procyanidin type A trimer (molecular weight, 864) and a tetramer (molecular weight, 1152) were found to inhibit kinase activity of purified VEGFR2 and VEGFR2 signaling, implicating procyanidin oligomers as active components in CE that inhibit angiogenesis. Our data revealed a novel activity in cinnamon and identified a natural VEGF inhibitor that could potentially be useful in cancer prevention and/or treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianming Lu
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Lee K, Kwon BM, Kim K, Ryu J, Oh SJ, Lee KS, Kwon MG, Park SK, Kang JS, Lee CW, Kim HM. Plasma pharmacokinetics and metabolism of the antitumour drug candidate 2'-benzoyloxycinnamaldehyde in rats. Xenobiotica 2009; 39:255-65. [PMID: 19280524 DOI: 10.1080/00498250802650069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The pharmacokinetics and metabolism of 2'-benzoyloxycinnamaldehyde (BCA) was characterized in male Sprague-Dawley rats as part of the preclinical evaluations for developing this compound as an antitumour agent. BCA was not detected in the plasma following either intravenous or oral dose, whereas its putative metabolites 2'-hydroxycinnamaldehyde (HCA) and o-coumaric acid were present at considerable levels. In separate pharmacokinetics studies, HCA exhibited a high systemic clearance and a large volume of distribution, whereas both pharmacokinetic parameters were much lower for o-coumaric acid. The terminal half-life of both metabolites was approximately 2 h. BCA was converted rapidly to HCA in rat serum, liver microsomes and cytosol in vitro; HCA was subsequently converted to o-coumaric acid in a quantitative manner only in the liver cytosol. In addition, the formation of o-coumaric acid was inhibited significantly by menadione, a specific inhibitor for aldehyde oxidase. Taken collectively, the results suggest that the rapid systemic clearance of HCA is likely due mainly to hepatic clearance occurring from aldehyde oxidase-catalysed biotransformation to o- coumaric acid. In conclusion, the present work demonstrates that the anticancer drug candidate BCA is highly likely to work as its active metabolite HCA in the body.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kiho Lee
- Bio-Evaluation Center, KRIBB, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Lee CW, Lee SH, Lee JW, Ban JO, Lee SY, Yoo HS, Jung JK, Moon DC, Oh KW, Hong JT. 2-hydroxycinnamaldehyde inhibits SW620 colon cancer cell growth through AP-1 inactivation. J Pharmacol Sci 2007; 104:19-28. [PMID: 17510524 DOI: 10.1254/jphs.fp0061204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cinnamaldehyde derivatives isolated from Cinnamomum cassia have been widely used for treating dyspepsia, gastritis, and inflammatory disease as well as cancer. To investigate the anti-tumor activities of several cinnamaldehyde derivatives, we compared the inhibitory effect of cinnamaldehyde derivatives on cell growth and AP-1 transcriptional activity in SW620 human colon cancer cells since AP-1 is a transcriptional factor implicated to control cancer cell growth. Among the derivatives, 2'-hydroxycinnamaldehyde (HCA) most significantly inhibited cancer cell growth and AP-1 transcriptional activity in a dose-dependent manner with an IC50 value of 12.5 and 9 microg/ml, respectively. In further studies on the mechanism, we found that consistent with the inhibitory effect on cell growth, HCA dose-dependently (0-20 microg/ml) inhibited DNA binding activity of AP-1 accompanied with down regulation of c-Jun and c-Fos expressions. HCA also induced apoptotic cell death as well as expression of the apoptosis-regulating gene caspase-3, but inhibited the anti-apoptosis regulating gene bcl-2 in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggested that HCA has the most potent inhibitory effect against human colon cancer cell growth, and AP-1 may be an important target of HCA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chung Woo Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Shin DS, Kim J, Han DC, Son KH, Lee CW, Kim HM, Hong SH, Kwon BM. Synthesis and biological evaluation of cinnamyl compounds as potent antitumor agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:5423-7. [PMID: 17683933 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2007] [Revised: 06/03/2007] [Accepted: 07/11/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A series of cinnamyl compounds related to 2'-hydroxycinnamaldehyde were synthesized and their antitumor effects against human cancer cells evaluated. Hydroxylamine derivative 6 inhibited the growth of human cancer cells and human colon tumor xenograft in nude mice. Its antitumor effects belong to the induction of apoptosis and arresting cell cycle at G(2)/M phase, which is confirmed by detection of apoptosis markers and cell cycle analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dae-Seop Shin
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 52 Uendong Yoosung, Daejeon 305-333, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Boldrini L, Gisfredi S, Ursino S, Lucchi M, Mussi A, Fontanini G. CDC25B: relationship with angiogenesis and prognosis in non–small cell lung carcinoma. Hum Pathol 2007; 38:1563-8. [PMID: 17651784 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2007.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2006] [Revised: 03/09/2007] [Accepted: 03/12/2007] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The CDC25 phosphatases are cell cycle regulators known to play an important role in cancer cell growth. Increased expression of CDC25B has been reported in tumors of different tissue origins, including non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). We analyzed primary tumors and corresponding healthy lung tissues from 177 patients with NSCLC for relative expression levels of CDC25B by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, with the dual aims of investigating the relationships between CDC25B expression and angiogenesis as well as prognosis. Eighty-one (45.76%) of the 177 patients with NSCLC overexpressed the CDC25B gene; there was no significant difference in CDC25B expression among sex, age, T or N status, or clinical stages of NSCLC. Concerning the possible involvement of CDC25B in angiogenesis, high expression of CDC25B correlated with positive expression of endothelin-1 (chi(2) test; P = .0002), one of the major angiogenic factors in NSCLC. A significant association was also found with the number of intratumoral microvessels (chi(2) test; P = .03). Statistical analysis of survival data revealed that elevated CDC25B expression was significantly associated with shorter survival in terms of both overall survival and disease-free interval (P = .04 for both), maintaining its independent prognostic role in a Cox proportional hazards model (P = .009). A rich and varied engagement of many cellular pathways could cause or maintain a cancer; our study may offer insights into these mechanisms in lung cancer, suggesting that CDC25B might play an important role in the angiogenic process and in determining the prognosis of patients with NSCLC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Boldrini
- Department of Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Hong SH, Kim J, Kim JM, Lee SY, Shin DS, Son KH, Han DC, Sung YK, Kwon BM. Apoptosis induction of 2′-hydroxycinnamaldehyde as a proteasome inhibitor is associated with ER stress and mitochondrial perturbation in cancer cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2007; 74:557-65. [PMID: 17606223 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2007.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2007] [Revised: 05/18/2007] [Accepted: 05/21/2007] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
2'-Hydroxycinnamaldehyde (HCA), isolated from the stem bark of Cinnamomum cassia, and 2'-benzoyloxycinnamaldehyde (BCA), one of HCA derivatives, have antiproliferative activities on several human cancer cell lines. Our previous study suggested that reactive oxygen species (ROS) and caspase-3 are the major regulators of HCA-induced apoptosis. In the present study, we demonstrated a novel molecular target using in vitro pull-down assay by biotin-labeled HCA (biotin-HCA) in SW620 cells. We analyzed 11 differential spots of 2-dimensional gel prepared with pull-downed proteins by biotin-HCA. Among them, five spots were identified as proteasome subunits. An in vitro 26S proteasome function assay using specific fluorogenic substrates showed that HCA potently inhibits L3-like activity of the proteasome. In addition, HCA showed inhibitory action against chymotrypsin-like, trypsin-like, and PGPH-like activities. DNA microarray showed that HCA induced heat shock family and ER stress-responsive genes, which reflects the accumulation of misfolded proteins by proteasome inhibition. On western blot analysis, it was confirmed that HCA induces glucose-regulated protein, 78 kDa (GRP78) and some representative endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-responsive proteins. Furthermore, HCA treatment decreased mitochondrial membrane potential. The effect of HCA on cytochrome c and Bax translocation between cytosol and mitochondrial membrane was clarified using western blot analysis. These results suggest that HCA-induced apoptosis is associated with the inhibition of the proteasome activity that leads in turn to the increase of ER stress and mitochondrial perturbation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Su Hyung Hong
- Department of Dental Microbiology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 700-412, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Noël S, Luo C, Pinel C, Djakovitch L. Efficient Heterogeneously Palladium-Catalysed Heck Arylation of Acrolein Diethyl Acetal. Selective Synthesis of Cinnamaldehydesor 3-Arylpropionic Esters. Adv Synth Catal 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.200600593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
36
|
Han Kim J, Lee S, Kwon M, Soo Park Y, Choi S, Kwon B. One‐Step Synthesis of ortho‐Hydroxycinnamaldehyde. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2006. [DOI: 10.1081/scc-120030309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jong Han Kim
- a Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology , 52 Uendong, Yusunggu, Taejon, 305‐600, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangku Lee
- a Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology , 52 Uendong, Yusunggu, Taejon, 305‐600, Republic of Korea
| | - Mu‐Gil Kwon
- b Kunwha Pharmaceutical, Ltd. , Choongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Soo Park
- b Kunwha Pharmaceutical, Ltd. , Choongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung‐Kyu Choi
- a Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology , 52 Uendong, Yusunggu, Taejon, 305‐600, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung‐Mog Kwon
- a Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology , 52 Uendong, Yusunggu, Taejon, 305‐600, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Shin DS, Kim JH, Lee SK, Han DC, Son KH, Kim HM, Cheon HG, Kim KR, Sung ND, Lee SJ, Kang SK, Kwon BM. Synthesis and biological evaluation of dimeric cinnamaldehydes as potent antitumor agents. Bioorg Med Chem 2006; 14:2498-506. [PMID: 16343908 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2005.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2005] [Revised: 11/14/2005] [Accepted: 11/15/2005] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
It has been reported that 2-hydroxycinnamaldehyde and 2-benzoyl-oxycinnamaldehyde inhibited the activity of farnesyl protein transferase, angiogenesis, cell-cell adhesion, and tumor growth in vivo model. In order to improve its anti-tumor activity, dimeric cinnamaldehydes have been synthesized based on 2-hydroxycinnamaldehyde. The synthesized compounds strongly inhibited the growth of human colon tumor cells with GI50 values of 0.6-10 microM. Especially, 2-piperazine derivative blocked in vivo growth of human colon tumor xenograft in nude mice at 10 mg/kg. It was found that their anti-tumor effects induce apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase by the compounds. It was confirmed by detection of apoptosis markers such as activated caspase-3 and cleaved PARP, and cell cycle analysis. The dimeric compounds also inhibited Cdc25B phosphatase which is essential for preinitiating G2/M transition and S phase progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dae-Seop Shin
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 52 Uendong Yoosung, Taejeon 305-600, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Moon EY, Lee MR, Wang AG, Lee JH, Kim HC, Kim HM, Kim JM, Kwon BM, Yu DY. Delayed occurrence of H-ras12V-induced hepatocellular carcinoma with long-term treatment with cinnamaldehydes. Eur J Pharmacol 2006; 530:270-5. [PMID: 16405947 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2005.11.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2005] [Accepted: 11/15/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Cinnamaldehyde from the bark of Cinnamomum cassia has been reported to have antitumor activity mediated by the inhibition of farnesyl transferase. We assessed in vivo the chemo-preventive effect of cinnamaldehydes on H-ras12V-induced hepatocellular carcinoma formation. A mouse model of hepatocellular carcinoma was established by using the transgene of mutated H-ras12V under the regulation of albumin enhancer/promoter. When treated with cinnamaldehyde for 10 weeks, hepatic tumor development was delayed with 2'-benzoyloxycinnamaldehyde (BCA) compared with control hepatocellular carcinoma formation. The effect of 2'-hydroxycinnamaldehyde (HCA) was comparable. The number of lesions and the size of each lesion were significantly reduced by BCA. Cell proliferation in the lesion was detected by incorporation of 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU). BCA increased the number of splenocytes, concanavalin A-stimulated splenocyte proliferation and the infiltration of lymphocytes into liver. Data suggest that the delayed hepatic tumor development observed with BCA could be mediated by a long-term immunostimulating effect on T cells.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Acrolein/analogs & derivatives
- Acrolein/pharmacology
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacology
- Benzoates/pharmacology
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/genetics
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Female
- Genes, ras/genetics
- Hepatocytes/drug effects
- Hepatocytes/metabolism
- Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/drug therapy
- Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/genetics
- Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Transgenic
- NIH 3T3 Cells
- Spleen/cytology
- Tumor Burden/drug effects
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Yi Moon
- Department of Human Genomics, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 52 Oun-Dong, Yusong-Gu, Taejeon 305-806, Korea.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Joshi BP, Sharma A, Sinha AK. Efficient one-pot, two-step synthesis of (E)-cinnmaldehydes by dehydrogenation–oxidation of arylpropanes using DDQ under ultrasonic irradiation. Tetrahedron 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2005.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
40
|
Lee SH, Lee CW, Lee JW, Choi MS, Son DJ, Chung YB, Lee CK, Oh KW, Moon DC, Kwon BM, Hong JT. Induction of apoptotic cell death by 2'-hydroxycinnamaldehyde is involved with ERK-dependent inactivation of NF-kappaB in TNF-alpha-treated SW620 colon cancer cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2005; 70:1147-57. [PMID: 16143316 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2005.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2005] [Revised: 07/18/2005] [Accepted: 07/22/2005] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
2'-Hydroxycinnamaldehyde (HCA) inhibits cell growth of several human cancer cells with unknown mechanisms. We investigated the inhibitory effect of HCA on TNF-alpha-induced cell growth and possible signal pathway in SW620 colon cancer cells. HCA inhibited TNF-alpha-induced SW620 colon cell growth in time- and dose-dependent manner through induction of apoptotic cell death. Parallel with inhibitory effect on cell growth, HCA dose dependency inhibited TNF-alpha-induced activation of NF-kappaB accompanied with inhibition of the translocation of p50. HCA also induced expression of caspase-3 and Bax, but decreased Bcl-2. HCA furthermore activated ERK pathway, and ERK inhibitor reversed inhibitory effect of HCA on cell growth and transcriptional activation of NF-kappaB. These results demonstrate that HCA inhibits cell growth through induction of apoptotic cell death by ERK pathway-dependent NF-kappaB inactivation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seung Ho Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, South Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Nájera C, Botella L. Chemoselective Heck arylation of acrolein diethyl acetal catalyzed by an oxime-derived palladacycle. Tetrahedron 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2005.06.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
42
|
Sung ND, Cho YK, Kwon BM, Hyun KH, Kim CK. 3D QSAR studies on cinnamaldehyde analogues as farnesyl protein transferase inhibitors. Arch Pharm Res 2005; 27:1001-8. [PMID: 15554254 DOI: 10.1007/bf02975421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship (3D-QSAR) studies on 59 cinnamaldehyde analogues as Farnesyl Protein Transferase (FPTase) inhibitors were investigated using comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) with the PLS region-focusing method. Forty-nine training set inhibitors were used for CoMFA with two different grid spacings, 2A and 1A. Ten compounds, which were not used in model generation, were used to validate the CoMFA models. After the PLS analysis, the best predictive CoMFA model showed that the cross-validated value (r2cv) and the non-cross validated conventional value (r2ncv) are 0.557 and 0.950, respectively. From the CoMFA contour maps, the steric and electrostatic properties of cinnamaldehyde analogues can be identified and verified.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nack-Do Sung
- Division of Applied Biology & Chemistry, College of Agricultural & Life Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Korea
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Lee SH, Lee SY, Son DJ, Lee H, Yoo HS, Song S, Oh KW, Han DC, Kwon BM, Hong JT. Inhibitory effect of 2'-hydroxycinnamaldehyde on nitric oxide production through inhibition of NF-kappa B activation in RAW 264.7 cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2005; 69:791-9. [PMID: 15710356 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2004.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2004] [Accepted: 11/08/2004] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Cinnamomum cassia has been widely used for treating dyspepsia, gastritis, and inflammatory disease. In the present study, several of cinnamaldehyde derivatives were synthesized from various cinnamic acid based on the 2'-hydroxycinnamaldehyde isolated from the bark C. cassia Blume was investigated to compare their NO production and NF-kappa B activity from Raw 264.7 cell since nitric oxide (NO) and NF-kappa B have been shown to be implicated factors in the inflammatory disease. The results show that HCA, among the derivatives, most significantly inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced NO production and NF-kappa B transcriptional activity in a dose-dependent manner with an IC(50) value of 8 and 22 microM, respectively. We next investigated putative possible mechanisms of inhibitory effect of HCA on NO production. The inhibition of NO by HCA was consistent with the inhibitory effect on LPS-induced inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression. Moreover, HCA inhibited LPS-induced p50 and p65 translocation resulting in the inhibition of the DNA binding activity of the NF-kappa B, a central regulator of iNOS. The present results provided evidence that HCA, among cinnamaledhyde derivatives, has the most inhibitory effect on NO production through inhibition of NF-kappa B activation, and thus can be used as an anti-inflammatory agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seung Ho Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju 361-763, South Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Han DC, Lee MY, Shin KD, Jeon SB, Kim JM, Son KH, Kim HC, Kim HM, Kwon BM. 2′-Benzoyloxycinnamaldehyde Induces Apoptosis in Human Carcinoma via Reactive Oxygen Species. J Biol Chem 2004; 279:6911-20. [PMID: 14660655 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m309708200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
2'-hydroxycinnamaldehyde (HCA) has been shown to have inhibitory effects on farnesyl protein transferase in vitro, angiogenesis, and tumor cell growth. However, mechanism for these inhibitions remains unknown. As a derivative of HCA, BCA (2'-benzoyl-oxycinnamaldehyde) was synthesized by replacing hydroxyl group with benzoyl-oxyl group. When p53-mutated cancer cell lines (MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell and SW620 colon cancer cell) were treated with 10 microM HCA or BCA, it induced growth arrest and apoptosis of tumor cells. Markers of apoptosis such as degradations of chromosomal DNA and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase and activation of caspase-3 were detected after HCA or BCA treatment. BCA-induced apoptosis was blocked by pretreatment of cells with anti-oxidants, glutathione, or N-acetyl-cysteine. In addition, BCA-induced activation of caspase-3 and degradation of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase were abolished by pretreatment of cells with the anti-oxidants. These results suggest that reactive oxygen species are major regulator of BCA-induced apoptosis. HCA or BCA-induced accumulation of reactive oxygen species was detected by using DCF-DA, an intracellular probe of oxidative stress. Furthermore, when BCA (100 mg/kg) was administrated intraperitoneally or orally into a nude mouse, it inhibited >88 or 41% of tumor growth, respectively, without any detectable weight change. These results suggest that BCA is a good drug candidate for cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Cho Han
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 52 Uendong Yoosunggu, Taejeon 305-600, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Jeong HW, Han DC, Son KH, Han MY, Lim JS, Ha JH, Lee CW, Kim HM, Kim HC, Kwon BM. Antitumor effect of the cinnamaldehyde derivative CB403 through the arrest of cell cycle progression in the G2/M phase. Biochem Pharmacol 2003; 65:1343-50. [PMID: 12694875 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-2952(03)00038-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cinnamaldehydes have been shown to have inhibitory effects on farnesyl protein transferase (FPTase; EC 2.5.1.29) in vitro, angiogenesis, cell-cell adhesion, and tumor cell growth and to be immunomodulators. However, the mechanisms responsible for these effects remain unknown. To elucidate the molecular mechanism of the cinnamaldehyde derivative CB403 for growth inhibition, CB403 was synthesized from 2'-hydroxycinnamaldehyde. CB403-treated cells were weakly adherent to the culture dishes. In addition, CB403 inhibited tumor growth in these cells in a concentration-dependent manner. FACS analysis using human cancer cells treated with this compound showed cell cycle arrest in mitosis, which was correlated with a marked increase in the amount of cyclin B1. Furthermore, CB403 blocked in vivo growth of human colon and breast tumor xenografts without loss of body weight in nude mice. These results support the hypothesis that the cinnamaldehyde derivative CB403 exerts cytostatic properties by inducing mitotic arrest in cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ha-Won Jeong
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 52 Uendong Yoosunggu, Taejeon 305-600, South Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Jeong HW, Kim MR, Son KH, Han MY, Ha JH, Garnier M, Meijer L, Kwon BM. Cinnamaldehydes inhibit cyclin dependent kinase 4/cyclin D1. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2000; 10:1819-22. [PMID: 10969976 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(00)00357-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A series of cinnamaldehydes was synthesized for the study of inhibitory activity against cyclin dependent kinases (CDKs). A couple of compounds selectively inhibited cyclin D1-CDK4 with an IC50 value of 7-18 microM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H W Jeong
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, KIST, Taejon, South Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Kwon BM, Lee SH, Choi SU, Park SH, Lee CO, Cho YK, Sung ND, Bok SH. Synthesis and in vitro cytotoxicity of cinnamaldehydes to human solid tumor cells. Arch Pharm Res 1998; 21:147-52. [PMID: 9875422 DOI: 10.1007/bf02974019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Cinnamaldehydes and related compounds were synthesized from various cinnamic acids based on the 2'-hydroxycinnamaldehyde isolated from the bark of Cinnamomum cassia Blume. The cytotoxicity to human solid tumor cells such as A549, SK-OV-3, SK-MEL-2, XF498 and HCT15 were measured. Cinnamic acid, cinnamates and cinnamyl alcohols did not show any cytotoxicity against the human tumor cells. Cinnamaldehydes and related compounds were resistant to A549 cell line up to 15 micrograms/ml. In contrast, HCT15 and SK-MEL-2 cells were much sensitive to these cinnamaldehyde analogues which showed ED50 values 0.63-8.1 micrograms/ml. Cytotoxicity of the saturated aldehydes was much weak compared to their unsaturated aldehydes. From these studies, it was found that the key functional group of the cinnamaldehyde-related compounds in the antitumor activity is the propenal group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B M Kwon
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Taejon, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|