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Yang Q, Deng S, Preibsch H, Schade T, Koch A, Berezhnoy G, Zizmare L, Fischer A, Gückel B, Staebler A, Hartkopf AD, Pichler BJ, la Fougère C, Hahn M, Bonzheim I, Nikolaou K, Trautwein C. Image-guided metabolomics and transcriptomics reveal tumour heterogeneity in luminal A and B human breast cancer beyond glucose tracer uptake. Clin Transl Med 2024; 14:e1550. [PMID: 38332687 PMCID: PMC10853679 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer is a metabolically heterogeneous disease, and although the concept of heterogeneous cancer metabolism is known, its precise role in human breast cancer is yet to be fully elucidated. METHODS We investigated in an explorative approach a cohort of 42 primary mamma carcinoma patients with positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging (PET/MR) prior to surgery, followed by histopathology and molecular diagnosis. From a subset of patients, which showed high metabolic heterogeneity based on tracer uptake and pathology classification, tumour centre and periphery specimen tissue samples were further investigated by a targeted breast cancer gene expression panel and quantitative metabolomics by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. All data were analysed in a combinatory approach. RESULTS [18 F]FDG (2-deoxy-2-[fluorine-18]fluoro-d-glucose) tracer uptake confirmed dominance of glucose metabolism in the breast tumour centre, with lower levels in the periphery. Additionally, we observed differences in lipid and proliferation related genes between luminal A and B subtypes in the centre and periphery. Tumour periphery showed elevated acetate levels and enrichment in lipid metabolic pathways genes especially in luminal B. Furthermore, serine was increased in the periphery and higher expression of thymidylate synthase (TYMS) indicated one-carbon metabolism increased in tumour periphery. The overall metabolic activity based on [18 F]FDG uptake of luminal B subtype was higher than that of luminal A and the difference between the periphery and centre increased with tumour grade. CONCLUSION Our analysis indicates variations in metabolism among different breast cancer subtypes and sampling locations which details the heterogeneity of the breast tumours. Correlation analysis of [18 F]FDG tracer uptake, transcriptome and tumour metabolites like acetate and serine facilitate the search for new candidates for metabolic tracers and permit distinguishing luminal A and B. This knowledge may help to differentiate subtypes preclinically or to provide patients guide for neoadjuvant therapy and optimised surgical protocols based on individual tumour metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianlu Yang
- Department of Preclinical Imaging and RadiopharmacyWerner Siemens Imaging CenterUniversity Hospital TuebingenTuebingenGermany
| | - Sisi Deng
- Department of Preclinical Imaging and RadiopharmacyWerner Siemens Imaging CenterUniversity Hospital TuebingenTuebingenGermany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) “Image Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies”University of TuebingenTuebingenGermany
| | - Heike Preibsch
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional RadiologyUniversity Hospital TuebingenTuebingenGermany
| | - Tim‐Colin Schade
- Department of Pathology and NeuropathologyUniversity Hospital TuebingenTuebingenGermany
| | - André Koch
- Department of Women's HealthUniversity Hospital TuebingenTuebingenGermany
| | - Georgy Berezhnoy
- Department of Preclinical Imaging and RadiopharmacyWerner Siemens Imaging CenterUniversity Hospital TuebingenTuebingenGermany
| | - Laimdota Zizmare
- Department of Preclinical Imaging and RadiopharmacyWerner Siemens Imaging CenterUniversity Hospital TuebingenTuebingenGermany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) “Image Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies”University of TuebingenTuebingenGermany
| | - Anna Fischer
- Department of Pathology and NeuropathologyUniversity Hospital TuebingenTuebingenGermany
| | - Brigitte Gückel
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) “Image Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies”University of TuebingenTuebingenGermany
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional RadiologyUniversity Hospital TuebingenTuebingenGermany
| | - Annette Staebler
- Department of Pathology and NeuropathologyUniversity Hospital TuebingenTuebingenGermany
| | | | - Bernd J. Pichler
- Department of Preclinical Imaging and RadiopharmacyWerner Siemens Imaging CenterUniversity Hospital TuebingenTuebingenGermany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) “Image Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies”University of TuebingenTuebingenGermany
- German Cancer Research CenterGerman Cancer Consortium DKTKPartner Site TuebingenTuebingenGermany
| | - Christian la Fougère
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) “Image Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies”University of TuebingenTuebingenGermany
- German Cancer Research CenterGerman Cancer Consortium DKTKPartner Site TuebingenTuebingenGermany
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Clinical Molecular ImagingUniversity Hospital TuebingenTuebingenGermany
| | - Markus Hahn
- Department of Women's HealthUniversity Hospital TuebingenTuebingenGermany
| | - Irina Bonzheim
- Department of Pathology and NeuropathologyUniversity Hospital TuebingenTuebingenGermany
| | - Konstantin Nikolaou
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) “Image Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies”University of TuebingenTuebingenGermany
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional RadiologyUniversity Hospital TuebingenTuebingenGermany
- German Cancer Research CenterGerman Cancer Consortium DKTKPartner Site TuebingenTuebingenGermany
| | - Christoph Trautwein
- Department of Preclinical Imaging and RadiopharmacyWerner Siemens Imaging CenterUniversity Hospital TuebingenTuebingenGermany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) “Image Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies”University of TuebingenTuebingenGermany
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He H, Sugiyama A, Snyder NW, Teneche MG, Liu X, Maner-Smith KM, Goessling W, Hagen SJ, Ortlund EA, Najafi-Shoushtari SH, Acuña M, Cohen DE. Acyl-CoA thioesterase 12 suppresses YAP-mediated hepatocarcinogenesis by limiting glycerolipid biosynthesis. Cancer Lett 2023; 565:216210. [PMID: 37150501 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cells use acetate to support the higher demand for energy and lipid biosynthesis during uncontrolled cell proliferation, as well as for acetylation of regulatory proteins. Acyl-CoA thioesterase 12 (Acot12) is the enzyme that hydrolyzes acetyl-CoA to acetate in liver cytosol and is downregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). A mechanistic role for Acot12 in hepatocarcinogenesis was assessed in mice in response to treatment with diethylnitrosamine(DEN)/carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) administration or prolonged feeding of a diet that promotes non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Relative to controls, Acot12-/- mice exhibited accelerated liver tumor formation that was characterized by the hepatic accumulation of glycerolipids, including lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), and that was associated with reduced Hippo signaling and increased yes-associated protein (YAP)-mediated transcriptional activity. In Acot12-/- mice, restoration of hepatic Acot12 expression inhibited hepatocarcinogenesis and YAP activation, as did knockdown of hepatic YAP expression. Excess LPA produced due to deletion of Acot12 signaled through LPA receptors (LPARs) coupled to Gα12/13 subunits to suppress YAP phosphorylation, thereby promoting its nuclear localization and transcriptional activity. These findings identify a protective role for Acot12 in suppressing hepatocarcinogenesis by limiting biosynthesis of glycerolipids including LPA, which preserves Hippo signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyue He
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Joan & Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA; Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Hunan, China
| | - Akiko Sugiyama
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Joan & Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA; Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endoscopy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Nathaniel W Snyder
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Marcos G Teneche
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Xiaowei Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Hunan, China
| | - Kristal M Maner-Smith
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Wolfram Goessling
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Susan J Hagen
- Division of Surgical Sciences, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel-Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Eric A Ortlund
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - S Hani Najafi-Shoushtari
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA; Research Department, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mariana Acuña
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Joan & Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA; Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endoscopy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - David E Cohen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Joan & Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA; Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endoscopy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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Garcia JA, Chen R, Xu M, Comerford SA, Hammer RE, Melton SD, Feagins LA. Acss2/HIF-2 signaling facilitates colon cancer growth and metastasis. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0282223. [PMID: 36862715 PMCID: PMC9980813 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0282223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The microenvironment of solid tumors is characterized by oxygen and glucose deprivation. Acss2/HIF-2 signaling coordinates essential genetic regulators including acetate-dependent acetyl CoA synthetase 2 (Acss2), Creb binding protein (Cbp), Sirtuin 1 (Sirt1), and Hypoxia Inducible Factor 2α (HIF-2α). We previously shown in mice that exogenous acetate augments growth and metastasis of flank tumors derived from fibrosarcoma-derived HT1080 cells in an Acss2/HIF-2 dependent manner. Colonic epithelial cells are exposed to the highest acetate levels in the body. We reasoned that colon cancer cells, like fibrosarcoma cells, may respond to acetate in a pro-growth manner. In this study, we examine the role of Acss2/HIF-2 signaling in colon cancer. We find that Acss2/HIF-2 signaling is activated by oxygen or glucose deprivation in two human colon cancer-derived cell lines, HCT116 and HT29, and is crucial for colony formation, migration, and invasion in cell culture studies. Flank tumors derived from HCT116 and HT29 cells exhibit augmented growth in mice when supplemented with exogenous acetate in an Acss2/HIF-2 dependent manner. Finally, Acss2 in human colon cancer samples is most frequently localized in the nucleus, consistent with it having a signaling role. Targeted inhibition of Acss2/HIF-2 signaling may have synergistic effects for some colon cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph A. Garcia
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
- Research & Development, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Rui Chen
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Min Xu
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Sarah A. Comerford
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Robert E. Hammer
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Shelby D. Melton
- Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Veterans Affairs North Texas Health Care System, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Linda A. Feagins
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America
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Tsao CH, Jhou RH, Ke CC, Chang CW, Chang CW, Yang BH, Huang WS, Shih BF, Liu RS. Dual-tracer positron emission tomography/computed tomography as an imaging probe of de novo lipogenesis in preclinical models of hepatocellular carcinoma. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:1008200. [PMID: 36237546 PMCID: PMC9551611 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.1008200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundDe novo lipogenesis is upregulated in many cancers, and targeting it represents a metabolic approach to cancer treatment. However, the treatment response is unpredictable because lipogenic activity varies greatly among individual tumors, thereby necessitating the assessment of lipogenic activity before treatment. Here, we proposed an imaging probe, positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) with dual tracers combining 11C-acetate and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG), to assess the lipogenic activity of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and predict the response to lipogenesis-targeted therapy.MethodsWe investigated the association between 11C-acetate/18F-FDG uptake and de novo lipogenesis in three HCC cell lines (from well-differentiated to poorly differentiated: HepG2, Hep3B, and SkHep1) by examining the expression of lipogenic enzymes: acetyl-CoA synthetase 2 (ACSS2), fatty acid synthase (FASN), and ATP citrate lyase (ACLY). The glycolysis level was determined through glycolytic enzymes: pyruvate dehydrogenase expression (PDH). On the basis of the findings of dual-tracer PET/CT, we evaluated the treatment response to a lipase inhibitor (orlistat) in cell culture experiments and xenograft mice.ResultsDual-tracer PET/CT revealed the lipogenic activity of various HCC cells, which was positively associated with 11C-acetate uptake and negatively associated with 18F-FDG uptake. This finding represents the negative association between 11C-acetate and 18F-FDG uptake. Because these two tracers revealed the lipogenic and glycolytic activity, respectively, which implies an antagonism between lipogenic metabolism and glucose metabolism in HCC. In addition, dual-tracer PET/CT not only revealed the lipogenic activity but also predicted the treatment response to lipogenesis-targeted therapy. For example, HepG2 xenografts with high 11C-acetate but low 18F-FDG uptake exhibited high lipogenic activity and responded well to orlistat treatment, whereas SkHep1 xenografts with low 11C-acetate but high 18F-FDG uptake exhibited lower lipogenic activity and poor response to orlistat.ConclusionThe proposed non-invasive dual-tracer PET/CT imaging can reveal the lipogenesis and glycolysis status of HCC, thus providing an ideal imaging probe for predicting the therapeutic response of HCC to lipogenesis-targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Ho Tsao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Rong-Hong Jhou
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and National PET/Cyclotron Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chih Ke
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Chien-Chih Ke,
| | - Chun-Wei Chang
- Institute of Fisheries Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Wei Chang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and National PET/Cyclotron Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Bang-Hung Yang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and National PET/Cyclotron Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Sheng Huang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and National PET/Cyclotron Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Bing-Fu Shih
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ren-Shyan Liu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and National PET/Cyclotron Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Cheng-Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Molecular and Genetic Imaging Core, Animal Consortium, Taipei, Taiwan
- Ren-Shyan Liu,
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Lopes-Coelho F, Martins F, Hipólito A, Conde SV, Pereira SA, Gonçalves LG, Serpa J. A Metabolic Signature to Monitor Endothelial Cell Differentiation, Activation, and Vascular Organization. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10092293. [PMID: 36140393 PMCID: PMC9496047 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10092293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The formation of new blood vessels is an important step in the morphogenesis and organization of tissues and organs; hence, the success of regenerative medicine procedures is highly dependent on angiogenesis control. Despite the biotechnological advances, tissue engineering is still a challenge. Regarding vascular network formation, the regulators are well known, yet the identification of markers is pivotal in order to improve the monitoring of the differentiation and proliferation of endothelial cells, as well as the establishment of a vascular network supporting tissue viability for an efficacious implantation. The metabolic profile accompanies the physiological stages of cells involved in angiogenesis, being a fruitful hub of biomarkers, whose levels can be easily retrieved. Through NMR spectroscopy, we identified branched amino acids, acetate, and formate as central biomarkers of monocyte-to-endothelial-cell differentiation and endothelial cell proliferation. This study reinforces the successful differentiation process of monocytes into endothelial cells, allowing self-to-self transplantation of patient-derived vascular networks, which is an important step in tissue engineering, since monocytes are easily isolated and autologous transplantation reduces the immune rejection events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipa Lopes-Coelho
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School|Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, 130, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal
- Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil (IPOLFG), Rua Prof Lima Basto, 1099-023 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Filipa Martins
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School|Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, 130, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal
- Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil (IPOLFG), Rua Prof Lima Basto, 1099-023 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana Hipólito
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School|Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, 130, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal
- Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil (IPOLFG), Rua Prof Lima Basto, 1099-023 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sílvia V. Conde
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School|Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, 130, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sofia A. Pereira
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School|Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, 130, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Luís G. Gonçalves
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Tecnológica (ITQB) António Xavier da Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Jacinta Serpa
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School|Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, 130, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal
- Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil (IPOLFG), Rua Prof Lima Basto, 1099-023 Lisboa, Portugal
- Correspondence:
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Saito RDF, Andrade LNDS, Bustos SO, Chammas R. Phosphatidylcholine-Derived Lipid Mediators: The Crosstalk Between Cancer Cells and Immune Cells. Front Immunol 2022; 13:768606. [PMID: 35250970 PMCID: PMC8889569 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.768606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
To become resistant, cancer cells need to activate and maintain molecular defense mechanisms that depend on an energy trade-off between resistance and essential functions. Metabolic reprogramming has been shown to fuel cell growth and contribute to cancer drug resistance. Recently, changes in lipid metabolism have emerged as an important driver of resistance to anticancer agents. In this review, we highlight the role of choline metabolism with a focus on the phosphatidylcholine cycle in the regulation of resistance to therapy. We analyze the contribution of phosphatidylcholine and its metabolites to intracellular processes of cancer cells, both as the major cell membrane constituents and source of energy. We further extended our discussion about the role of phosphatidylcholine-derived lipid mediators in cellular communication between cancer and immune cells within the tumor microenvironment, as well as their pivotal role in the immune regulation of therapeutic failure. Changes in phosphatidylcholine metabolism are part of an adaptive program activated in response to stress conditions that contribute to cancer therapy resistance and open therapeutic opportunities for treating drug-resistant cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata de Freitas Saito
- Centro de Investigação Translacional em Oncologia (LIM24), Departamento de Radiologia e Oncologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo and Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luciana Nogueira de Sousa Andrade
- Centro de Investigação Translacional em Oncologia (LIM24), Departamento de Radiologia e Oncologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo and Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Silvina Odete Bustos
- Centro de Investigação Translacional em Oncologia (LIM24), Departamento de Radiologia e Oncologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo and Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Roger Chammas
- Centro de Investigação Translacional em Oncologia (LIM24), Departamento de Radiologia e Oncologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo and Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Hepatic Positron Emission Tomography: Applications in Metabolism, Haemodynamics and Cancer. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12040321. [PMID: 35448508 PMCID: PMC9026326 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12040321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Evaluating in vivo the metabolic rates of the human liver has been a challenge due to its unique perfusion system. Positron emission tomography (PET) represents the current gold standard for assessing non-invasively tissue metabolic rates in vivo. Here, we review the existing literature on the assessment of hepatic metabolism, haemodynamics and cancer with PET. The tracer mainly used in metabolic studies has been [18F]2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (18F-FDG). Its application not only enables the evaluation of hepatic glucose uptake in a variety of metabolic conditions and interventions, but based on the kinetics of 18F-FDG, endogenous glucose production can also be assessed. 14(R,S)-[18F]fluoro-6-thia-Heptadecanoic acid (18F-FTHA), 11C-Palmitate and 11C-Acetate have also been applied for the assessment of hepatic fatty acid uptake rates (18F-FTHA and 11C-Palmitate) and blood flow and oxidation (11C-Acetate). Oxygen-15 labelled water (15O-H2O) has been used for the quantification of hepatic perfusion. 18F-FDG is also the most common tracer used for hepatic cancer diagnostics, whereas 11C-Acetate has also shown some promising applications in imaging liver malignancies. The modelling approaches used to analyse PET data and also the challenges in utilizing PET in the assessment of hepatic metabolism are presented.
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Surcel C, Kretschmer A, Mirvald C, Sinescu I, Heidegger I, Tsaur I. Molecular Mechanisms Related with Oligometastatic Prostate Cancer-Is It Just a Matter of Numbers? Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14030766. [PMID: 35159033 PMCID: PMC8833728 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
During the last decade, the body of knowledge regarding the oligometastatic state has increased exponentially. Several molecular frameworks have been established, aiding our understanding of metastatic spread caused by genetically unstable cells that adapt to a tissue environment which is distant from the primary tumor. In the current narrative review, we provide an overview of the current treatment landscape of oligometastatic cancer, focusing on the current biomarkers used in the identification of true oligometastatic disease and highlighting the impact of molecular imaging on stage shift in different scenarios. Finally, we address current and future directions regarding the use of genetic and epigenetic targeting treatments in oligometastatic prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Surcel
- Center of Urologic Surgery, Dialysis and Renal Transplantation, Fundeni Clinical Institute, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 00238 Bucharest, Romania; (C.M.); (I.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | | | - Cristian Mirvald
- Center of Urologic Surgery, Dialysis and Renal Transplantation, Fundeni Clinical Institute, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 00238 Bucharest, Romania; (C.M.); (I.S.)
| | - Ioanel Sinescu
- Center of Urologic Surgery, Dialysis and Renal Transplantation, Fundeni Clinical Institute, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 00238 Bucharest, Romania; (C.M.); (I.S.)
| | - Isabel Heidegger
- Department of Urology, Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
| | - Igor Tsaur
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany;
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DeNicola GM, Shackelford DB. Metabolic Phenotypes, Dependencies, and Adaptation in Lung Cancer. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2021; 11:a037838. [PMID: 34127512 PMCID: PMC8559540 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a037838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer is a heterogeneous disease that is subdivided into histopathological subtypes with distinct behaviors. Each subtype is characterized by distinct features and molecular alterations that influence tumor metabolism. Alterations in tumor metabolism can be exploited by imaging modalities that use metabolite tracers for the detection and characterization of tumors. Microenvironmental factors, including nutrient and oxygen availability and the presence of stromal cells, are a critical influence on tumor metabolism. Recent technological advances facilitate the direct evaluation of metabolic alterations in patient tumors in this complex microenvironment. In addition, molecular alterations directly influence tumor cell metabolism and metabolic dependencies that influence response to therapy. Current therapeutic approaches to target tumor metabolism are currently being developed and translated into the clinic for patient therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina M DeNicola
- Department of Cancer Physiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612, USA
| | - David B Shackelford
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
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Manafi-Farid R, Ranjbar S, Jamshidi Araghi Z, Pilz J, Schweighofer-Zwink G, Pirich C, Beheshti M. Molecular Imaging in Primary Staging of Prostate Cancer Patients: Current Aspects and Future Trends. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:5360. [PMID: 34771523 PMCID: PMC8582501 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Accurate primary staging is the cornerstone in all malignancies. Different morphological imaging modalities are employed in the evaluation of prostate cancer (PCa). Regardless of all developments in imaging, invasive histopathologic evaluation is still the standard method for the detection and staging of the primary PCa. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) play crucial roles; however, functional imaging provides additional valuable information, and it is gaining ever-growing acceptance in the management of PCa. Targeted imaging with different radiotracers has remarkably evolved in the past two decades. [111In]In-capromab pendetide scintigraphy was a new approach in the management of PCa. Afterwards, positron emission tomography (PET) tracers such as [11C/18F]choline and [11C]acetate were developed. Nevertheless, none found a role in the primary staging. By introduction of the highly sensitive small molecule prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) PET/CT, as well as recent developments in MRI and hybrid PET/MRI systems, non-invasive staging of PCa is being contemplated. Several studies investigated the role of these sophisticated modalities in the primary staging of PCa, showing promising results. Here, we recapitulate the role of targeted functional imaging. We briefly mention the most popular radiotracers, their diagnostic accuracy in the primary staging of PCa, and impact on patient management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reyhaneh Manafi-Farid
- Research Center for Nuclear Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1411713135, Iran;
| | - Shaghayegh Ranjbar
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Division of Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Muellner Hauptstrasse 48, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (S.R.); (Z.J.A.); (J.P.); (G.S.-Z.); (C.P.)
| | - Zahra Jamshidi Araghi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Division of Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Muellner Hauptstrasse 48, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (S.R.); (Z.J.A.); (J.P.); (G.S.-Z.); (C.P.)
| | - Julia Pilz
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Division of Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Muellner Hauptstrasse 48, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (S.R.); (Z.J.A.); (J.P.); (G.S.-Z.); (C.P.)
| | - Gregor Schweighofer-Zwink
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Division of Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Muellner Hauptstrasse 48, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (S.R.); (Z.J.A.); (J.P.); (G.S.-Z.); (C.P.)
| | - Christian Pirich
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Division of Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Muellner Hauptstrasse 48, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (S.R.); (Z.J.A.); (J.P.); (G.S.-Z.); (C.P.)
| | - Mohsen Beheshti
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Division of Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Muellner Hauptstrasse 48, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (S.R.); (Z.J.A.); (J.P.); (G.S.-Z.); (C.P.)
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11
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[Positron emission tomography with computed tomography/magnetic resonance imaging for primary staging of prostate cancer]. Radiologe 2021; 61:818-824. [PMID: 34351430 DOI: 10.1007/s00117-021-00895-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
CLINICAL/METHODOLOGICAL ISSUE Prostate cancer is the most common malignancy and the second leading cause of cancer-related death in men. Accurate imaging diagnosis and staging are crucial for patient management and treatment. The role of nuclear medicine in the diagnosis of prostate cancer has evolved rapidly in recent years due to the availability of hybrid imaging with radiopharmaceuticals targeting the prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA). STANDARD RADIOLOGICAL PROCEDURES Hybrid imaging provides higher diagnostic accuracy compared to conventional imaging and has a significant impact on clinical management. Numerous radiotracers have been used in clinical applications, with PSMA ligands being the most commonly used. METHODOLOGICAL INNOVATIONS Hybrid imaging provides higher diagnostic accuracy for lymph node and bone metastases compared to conventional imaging and has a significant impact on clinical management. PERFORMANCE The high accuracy for primary staging in high-risk prostate cancer using PSMA ligands has led to the inclusion of PSMA positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) in the new German S3 guideline for primary staging of prostate cancer. PURPOSE The aim of this article is to provide an overview of the use of PET imaging in the primary diagnosis of prostate cancer, to present the most commonly used radiotracers, and to highlight the results of recent studies.
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12
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Goud NS, Bhattacharya A, Joshi RK, Nagaraj C, Bharath RD, Kumar P. Carbon-11: Radiochemistry and Target-Based PET Molecular Imaging Applications in Oncology, Cardiology, and Neurology. J Med Chem 2021; 64:1223-1259. [PMID: 33499603 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The positron emission tomography (PET) molecular imaging technique has gained its universal value as a remarkable tool for medical diagnosis and biomedical research. Carbon-11 is one of the promising radiotracers that can report target-specific information related to its pharmacology and physiology to understand the disease status. Currently, many of the available carbon-11 (t1/2 = 20.4 min) PET radiotracers are heterocyclic derivatives that have been synthesized using carbon-11 inserted different functional groups obtained from primary and secondary carbon-11 precursors. A spectrum of carbon-11 PET radiotracers has been developed against many of the upregulated and emerging targets for the diagnosis, prognosis, prediction, and therapy in the fields of oncology, cardiology, and neurology. This review focuses on the carbon-11 radiochemistry and various target-specific PET molecular imaging agents used in tumor, heart, brain, and neuroinflammatory disease imaging along with its associated pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nerella Sridhar Goud
- Department of Neuroimaging and Interventional Radiology (NIIR), National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru 560 029, India
| | - Ahana Bhattacharya
- Department of Neuroimaging and Interventional Radiology (NIIR), National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru 560 029, India
| | - Raman Kumar Joshi
- Department of Neuroimaging and Interventional Radiology (NIIR), National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru 560 029, India
| | - Chandana Nagaraj
- Department of Neuroimaging and Interventional Radiology (NIIR), National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru 560 029, India
| | - Rose Dawn Bharath
- Department of Neuroimaging and Interventional Radiology (NIIR), National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru 560 029, India
| | - Pardeep Kumar
- Department of Neuroimaging and Interventional Radiology (NIIR), National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru 560 029, India
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13
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Uo T, Sprenger CC, Plymate SR. Androgen Receptor Signaling and Metabolic and Cellular Plasticity During Progression to Castration Resistant Prostate Cancer. Front Oncol 2020; 10:580617. [PMID: 33163409 PMCID: PMC7581990 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.580617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming is associated with re/activation and antagonism of androgen receptor (AR) signaling that drives prostate cancer (PCa) progression to castration resistance, respectively. In particular, AR signaling influences the fates of citrate that uniquely characterizes normal and malignant prostatic metabolism (i.e., mitochondrial export and extracellular secretion in normal prostate, mitochondrial retention and oxidation to support oxidative phenotype of primary PCa, and extra-mitochondrial interconversion into acetyl-CoA for fatty acid synthesis and epigenetics in the advanced PCa). The emergence of castration-resistant PCa (CRPC) involves reactivation of AR signaling, which is then further targeted by androgen synthesis inhibitors (abiraterone) and AR-ligand inhibitors (enzalutamide, apalutamide, and daroglutamide). However, based on AR dependency, two distinct metabolic and cellular adaptations contribute to development of resistance to these agents and progression to aggressive and lethal disease, with the tumor ultimately becoming highly glycolytic and with imaging by a tracer of tumor energetics, 18F-fluorodoxyglucose (18F-FDG). Another major resistance mechanism involves a lineage alteration into AR-indifferent carcinoma such a neuroendocrine which is diagnostically characterized by robust 18F-FDG uptake and loss of AR signaling. PCa is also characterized by metabolic alterations such as fatty acid and polyamine metabolism depending on AR signaling. In some cases, AR targeting induces rather than suppresses these alterations in cellular metabolism and energetics, which can be explored as therapeutic targets in lethal CRPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuma Uo
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Cynthia C Sprenger
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Stephen R Plymate
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States.,Geriatrics Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, United States
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14
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Abstract
The major applications for molecular imaging with PET in clinical practice concern cancer imaging. Undoubtedly, 18F-FDG represents the backbone of nuclear oncology as it remains so far the most widely employed positron emitter compound. The acquired knowledge on cancer features, however, allowed the recognition in the last decades of multiple metabolic or pathogenic pathways within the cancer cells, which stimulated the development of novel radiopharmaceuticals. An endless list of PET tracers, substantially covering all hallmarks of cancer, has entered clinical routine or is being investigated in diagnostic trials. Some of them guard significant clinical applications, whereas others mostly bear a huge potential. This chapter summarizes a selected list of non-FDG PET tracers, described based on their introduction into and impact on clinical practice.
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15
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Rasch S, Lund T, Asmussen JT, Lerberg Nielsen A, Faebo Larsen R, Østerheden Andersen M, Abildgaard N. Multiple Myeloma Associated Bone Disease. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2113. [PMID: 32751464 PMCID: PMC7465468 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The lytic bone disease is a hallmark of multiple myeloma, being present in about 80% of patients with newly diagnosed MM, and in more during the disease course. The myeloma associated bone disease (MBD) severely affects the morbidity and quality of life of the patients. MBD defines treatment demanding MM. In recent years, knowledge of the underlying pathophysiology has increased, and novel imaging technologies, medical and non-pharmaceutical treatments have improved. In this review, we highlight the major achievements in understanding, diagnosing and treating MBD. For diagnosing MBD, low-dose whole-body CT is now recommended over conventional skeletal survey, but also more advanced functional imaging modalities, such as diffusion-weighted MRI and PET/CT are increasingly important in the assessment and monitoring of MBD. Bisphosphonates have, for many years, played a key role in management of MBD, but denosumab is now an alternative to bisphosphonates, especially in patients with renal impairment. Radiotherapy is used for uncontrolled pain, for impeding fractures and in treatment of impeding or symptomatic spinal cord compression. Cement augmentation has been shown to reduce pain from vertebral compression fractures. Cautious exercise programs are safe and feasible and may have the potential to improve the status of patients with MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stine Rasch
- Department of Haematology, Odense University Hospital, Kloevervaenget 10, 12th Floor, DK-5000 Odense, Denmark; (S.R.); (T.L.); (R.F.L.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Haematology, Sydvestjysk Sygehus, Finsensgade 35, DK-6700 Esbjerg, Denmark
| | - Thomas Lund
- Department of Haematology, Odense University Hospital, Kloevervaenget 10, 12th Floor, DK-5000 Odense, Denmark; (S.R.); (T.L.); (R.F.L.)
- Haematology Research Unit, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Kloevervaenget 10, 12th Floor, DK-5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Jon Thor Asmussen
- Department of Clinical Radiology, Odense University Hospital, Sdr. Boulevard 29, DK-5000 Odense, Denmark;
| | - Anne Lerberg Nielsen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Sdr. Boulevard 29, DK-5000 Odense, Denmark;
| | - Rikke Faebo Larsen
- Department of Haematology, Odense University Hospital, Kloevervaenget 10, 12th Floor, DK-5000 Odense, Denmark; (S.R.); (T.L.); (R.F.L.)
| | - Mikkel Østerheden Andersen
- Center for Spine Surgery & Research, Lillebaelt Hospital, Østre Hougvel 55, DK-5500 Middelfart, Denmark;
| | - Niels Abildgaard
- Department of Haematology, Odense University Hospital, Kloevervaenget 10, 12th Floor, DK-5000 Odense, Denmark; (S.R.); (T.L.); (R.F.L.)
- Haematology Research Unit, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Kloevervaenget 10, 12th Floor, DK-5000 Odense, Denmark
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17
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Comparison of 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT with 11C-acetate PET/CT in re-staging of prostate cancer relapse. Sci Rep 2020; 10:4993. [PMID: 32193430 PMCID: PMC7081247 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61910-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging is used to localize recurrent disease in prostate cancer (PCa). The tracer 68Ga-PSMA-11 visualizes lesions overexpressing prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), while 11C-acetate visualizes lesions with increased anabolic metabolism. The aim of this study was to compare the performance of PSMA-PET and acetate-PET in re-staging patients with biochemical relapse. Thirty PCa patients with prostate-specific antigen (PSA) relapse after primary curative therapy were prospectively evaluated. PET/CT examinations using 11C-acetate and 68Ga-PSMA-11 were performed. Identified lesions were categorized according to anatomical location and PET measurements were correlated with PSA at time of scan. Tumour lesions showed higher semi-quantitative uptake values on PSMA-PET than acetate-PET. PSMA-PET identified more lesions in 11 patients, fewer lesions in eight patients, and identical number of lesions in 11 patients. This study indicates better diagnostic performance of PSMA-PET, particularly in detecting lymph node (81% vs 60%, p = 0.02) and bone metastasis (95% vs 61%, p = 0.0001) compared to acetate-PET. However, 38% of PSMA-expressing metastases appear to be metabolically inactive and 15% of metabolically active metastases lack PSMA expression. Addition of PET with a metabolic tracer, such as 11C-acetate, might be beneficial before making treatment decisions.
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18
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Regula N, Honarvar H, Lubberink M, Jorulf H, Ladjevardi S, Häggman M, Antoni G, Buijs J, Velikyan I, Sörensen J. Carbon Flux as a Measure of Prostate Cancer Aggressiveness: [ 11C]-Acetate PET/CT. Int J Med Sci 2020; 17:214-223. [PMID: 32038105 PMCID: PMC6990881 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.39542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Dynamic [11C]-acetate positron emission tomography (PET) can be used to study tissue perfusion and carbon flux simultaneously. In this study, the feasibility of the quantification of prostate cancer aggressiveness using parametric methods assessing [11C]-acetate kinetics was investigated in prostate cancer subjects. The underlying uptake mechanism correlated with [11C]-acetate influx and efflux measured in real-time in vitro in cell culture. Methods: Twenty-one patients with newly diagnosed low-to-moderate risk prostate cancer underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and dynamic [11C]-acetate PET/CT examinations of the pelvis. Parametric images of K1 (extraction × perfusion), k2 (oxidative metabolism) and VT (=K1/k2, anabolic metabolism defined as carbon retention) were constructed using a one-tissue compartment model with an arterial input function derived from pelvic arteries. Regions of interest (ROIs) of the largest cancer lesion in each patient and normal prostate tissue were drawn using information from MRI (T2 and DWI images), biopsy results, and post-surgical histopathology of whole prostate sections (n=7). In vitro kinetics of [11C]-acetate were studied on DU145 and PC3 cell lines using LigandTracer® White equipment for the measurement of the radioactivity uptake in real-time at 37°C. Results: Mean prostate specific antigen (PSA) was 8.33±3.92 ng/mL and median Gleason Sum 6 (range 5-7). K1, VT and standardized uptake values (SUVs) were significantly higher in cancerous prostate tissues compared to normal ones for all patients (p<0.001), while k2 was not (p=0.26). PSA values correlated to early SUVs (r=0.50, p=0.02) and K1 (r=0.48, p=0.03). Early and late SUVs correlated to VT (r>0.76, p<0.001) and K1 (r>0.64, p<0.005). In vitro studies demonstrated higher extraction and retention (p<0.01) of [11C]-acetate in the more aggressive PC3 cells. Conclusion: Parametric images could be used to visualize the [11C]-acetate kinetics of the prostate cancer exhibiting elevated extraction associated with the cancer aggressiveness. The influx rate of [11C]-acetate studied in cell culture also showed dependence on the cancer aggressiveness associated with elevated lipogenesis. Dynamic [11C]-acetate/PET demonstrated potential for prostate cancer aggressiveness estimation using parametric-based K1 and VT values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naresh Regula
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and PET, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hadis Honarvar
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and PET, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mark Lubberink
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and PET, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Medical Physics, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Håkan Jorulf
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and PET, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sam Ladjevardi
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Michael Häggman
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Antoni
- Division of Molecular Imaging, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jos Buijs
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Irina Velikyan
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and PET, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jens Sörensen
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and PET, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,PET Centre, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
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Micro-PET imaging of [18F]fluoroacetate combined with [18F]FDG to differentiate chronic Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection from an acute bacterial infection in a mouse model: a preliminary study. Nucl Med Commun 2019; 40:639-644. [PMID: 30932968 DOI: 10.1097/mnm.0000000000001017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB) infection is one of the deadliest infectious diseases worldwide and is responsible for 1.7 million deaths per year. The increase in multidrug-resistant TB poses formidable challenges to the global control of tuberculosis. TB infection could easily yield false-positive results in fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose ([F]FDG) PET imaging for cancer detection because of its high [F]FDG uptake. We describe the combined [F]FDG PET with fluorine-18-fluoroacetate ([F]FAC), a promising analog of carbon-11-acetate, for targeting glycolysis and de novo lipogenesis, respectively, to determine the metabolic differences between chronic TB infection and acute infection. MATERIALS AND METHODS Six-month-old BALB/c mice were inoculated with Mycobacterium bovis to induce chronic TB infection, and Escherichia coli as well as Staphylococcus aureus to induce acute infection for an in-vivo imaging study. Eighteen days after inoculation for chronic TB infection and 5 days for acute infection, both [F]FDG and [F]FAC micro-PET were performed on the infected mice. Analysis of variance and the Tukey honest ad-hoc test were carried out to determine differences among treatment with different bacterial infections. RESULTS TB infection showed much lower [F] FAC accumulation than acute infection. However, both TB infection and acute infection exhibited high [F]FAC accumulation. CONCLUSION The marked metabolic differences in de novo lipogenesis and glycolysis in [F]FDG and [F]FAC uptakes in micro-PET imaging, respectively, help to differentiate chronic TB infection from acute infection.
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20
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Iaccarino N, Amato J, Pagano B, Di Porzio A, Micucci M, Bolelli L, Aldini R, Novellino E, Budriesi R, Randazzo A. Impact of phytosterols on liver and distal colon metabolome in experimental murine colitis model: an explorative study. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2019; 34:1041-1050. [PMID: 31074304 PMCID: PMC6522980 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2019.1611802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Phytosterols are known to reduce plasma cholesterol levels and thereby reduce cardiovascular risk. Studies conducted on human and animal models have demonstrated that these compounds have also anti-inflammatory effects. Recently, an experimental colitis model (dextran sulphate sodium-induced) has shown that pre-treatment with phytosterols decreases infiltration of inflammatory cells and accelerates mucosal healing. This study aims to understand the mechanism underlying the colitis by analysing the end-products of the metabolism in distal colon and liver excised from the same mice used in the previous work. In particular, an unsupervised gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and NMR based metabolomics approach was employed to identify the metabolic pathways perturbed by the dextran sodium sulphate (DSS) insult (i.e. Krebs cycle, carbohydrate, amino acids, and nucleotide metabolism). Interestingly, phytosterols were able to restore the homeostatic equilibrium of the hepatic and colonic metabolome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nunzia Iaccarino
- a Department of Pharmacy , University of Naples Federico II , Naples , Italy
| | - Jussara Amato
- a Department of Pharmacy , University of Naples Federico II , Naples , Italy
| | - Bruno Pagano
- a Department of Pharmacy , University of Naples Federico II , Naples , Italy
| | - Anna Di Porzio
- a Department of Pharmacy , University of Naples Federico II , Naples , Italy
| | - Matteo Micucci
- b Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology , University of Bologna , Bologna , Italy
| | - Luca Bolelli
- b Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology , University of Bologna , Bologna , Italy
| | - Rita Aldini
- b Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology , University of Bologna , Bologna , Italy
| | - Ettore Novellino
- a Department of Pharmacy , University of Naples Federico II , Naples , Italy
| | - Roberta Budriesi
- b Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology , University of Bologna , Bologna , Italy
| | - Antonio Randazzo
- a Department of Pharmacy , University of Naples Federico II , Naples , Italy
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21
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Tumor Identification of Less Aggressive or Indolent Lymphoma With Whole-Body 11C-Acetate PET/CT. Clin Nucl Med 2019; 44:276-281. [PMID: 30688736 DOI: 10.1097/rlu.0000000000002464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to investigate the diagnostic performance of whole-body [C]acetate PET/CT in less aggressive or indolent lymphomas, wherein [F]FDG PET/CT would exhibit limited sensitivity. METHODS Between September 2016 and May 2018, we prospectively evaluated 17 patients (9 men, 8 women; mean age [range], 71 [45-87] years) with pathologically proven less aggressive or indolent lymphomas according to Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Classification Project, using both [F]FDG PET/CT and [C]acetate PET/CT (performed on the same day). Detected nodal lesions were recorded according to the Ann Arbor classification. Extranodal (EN) lesions were also evaluated. We compared whole-body lesion detection between [F] FDG PET/CT and [C]acetate PET/CT using the McNemar test. RESULTS In all patients, significantly more nodal and EN lesions were detected using [C]acetate PET/CT than [F]FDG PET/CT (nodal: 84 vs 64 regions; P < 0.001; EN: 26 vs 19 regions, P = 0.039). Bone lesions were detected in 8 and 5 patients using [C]acetate PET/CT and [F]FDG PET/CT, respectively (P = 0.25). Among the 14 patients (82.4%) who underwent bone marrow biopsy, bone marrow involvement was detected with sensitivities of 100% (6/6 patients) and 80% (5/6 patients) using [C]acetate PET/CT and [F]FDG PET/CT, respectively. Multiple areas of focal uptake in the spleen of 1 patient were exhibited on [F]FDG PET/CT but not [C]acetate PET/CT. CONCLUSIONS [C]acetate PET/CT exhibited greater sensitivity than [F]FDG PET/CT for lesion detection in patients with less aggressive or indolent lymphomas, thus promising applicability as a physiological tracer in the study of such lesions.
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22
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Tracking acetate through a journey of living world: Evolution as alternative cellular fuel with potential for application in cancer therapeutics. Life Sci 2018; 215:86-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Rayn KN, Elnabawi YA, Sheth N. Clinical implications of PET/CT in prostate cancer management. Transl Androl Urol 2018; 7:844-854. [PMID: 30456187 PMCID: PMC6212623 DOI: 10.21037/tau.2018.08.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Several imaging modalities exist for the investigation of prostate cancer (PCa). From ultrasound to computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), the role of imaging in detecting lesion foci, staging, and localizing disease after biochemical recurrence (BCR) is expanding. However, many of the conventional imaging modalities are suboptimal, particularly in the detection of metastasis. Positron emission tomography (PET) has recently emerged as a promising tool in PCa management. The ability to develop radiolabeled tracers for functional imaging based on characteristics of PCa cells can potentially provide more insight into management by utilizing key features of those cells, such as metabolic activity, increased proliferation, and receptor expression. 18-flurodeoxyglucose (FDG) is one of the earliest tracers used in PET imaging that takes advantage of increased metabolism of glucose. Its role in PCa has been somewhat limited due to poor resolution and confounders including noise resulting from the proximity of the prostate to the bladder. Choline, a precursor molecule for a major component of the cell membrane, phosphatidylcholine, shows increased uptake in cells with rapid proliferation. When compared to metabolic based imaging techniques with FDG, choline PET/CT was superior. Nevertheless, choline PET/CT was not equivocal to MRI in detection of local disease, but was superior to conventional imaging in localizing metastasis and lymph node metastasis (LNM). Fluciclovine is another novel marker that utilizes the increased proliferation seen in tumor cells. Studies have shown it to be superior to choline PET/CT in PCa management, particularly in patients with BCR. As with choline PET/CT, studies that have assessed the impact of fluciclovine on clinical practice have highlighted the impact of these new tracers on clinical decision making. Most recently, the newest molecular probe targeting prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) was developed. It offers higher detection rates compared to choline PET/CT and conventional imaging modalities and has shown promise in LNM and BCR. With the wide range of available PET tracers, this review aims to highlight the role of each in lesion foci detection, primary staging, disease recurrence and explore the potential clinical impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kareem N Rayn
- Urologic Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Niki Sheth
- Department of Radiation Oncology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
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Wang Z, Xu R, Shen G, Feng J. Metabolic Response in Rabbit Urine to Occurrence and Relief of Unilateral Ureteral Obstruction. J Proteome Res 2018; 17:3184-3194. [PMID: 30024170 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.8b00304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ureteral obstruction will lead clinically to hydronephrosis, which may further develop into partial or complete loss of kidney function and even cause permanent histological damage. However, there is little knowledge of metabolic responses during the obstructed process and its recoverability. In this study, a complete unilateral ureteral obstruction (CUUO) model was established in the rabbit, and 1H NMR-based metabolomic analysis of urine was used to reveal the metabolic perturbations in rabbits caused by CUUO and the metabolic recovery after the CUUO was relieved. Univariate and multivariate statistical analyses were used to identify metabolic characteristics. The gradually decreased levels of 3-hydroxykynurenine, 3-methylhistidine, creatinine, guanidoacetate, meta- and para-hydroxyphenylacetate, and phenylacetylglycine and the gradually increased levels of acetate, alanine, citrate, glycine, lactate, and methionine in urine could be regarded as potential biomarkers for the occurrence and severity of ureteral obstruction. And the reduced levels of 3-methylhistidine, creatinine, guanidoacetate, hippurate, meta-hydroxyphenylacetate, and methylguanidine and the elevated levels of 2-aminoisobutyrate, acetylcholine, citrate, lactate, lysine, valine, and α-ketoglutarate in urine compared with the obstructed level could characterize the metabolic recovery of ureteral obstruction. Our results depicted the disturbed biochemical pathways involved in ureteral obstruction and demonstrated the practicability of recovering renal functions for the patients with severe hydronephrosis in clinical practice by removing causes for obstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhao Wang
- Department of Electronic Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance , Xiamen University , Xiamen , 361005 , China
| | - Rui Xu
- Department of Electronic Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance , Xiamen University , Xiamen , 361005 , China
| | - Guiping Shen
- Department of Electronic Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance , Xiamen University , Xiamen , 361005 , China
| | - Jianghua Feng
- Department of Electronic Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance , Xiamen University , Xiamen , 361005 , China
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Tao JH, Duan JA, Zhang W, Jiang S, Guo JM, Wei DD. Polysaccharides From Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat Ameliorate Colitis Rats via Regulation of the Metabolic Profiling and NF-κ B/TLR4 and IL-6/JAK2/STAT3 Signaling Pathways. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:746. [PMID: 30042683 PMCID: PMC6049019 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies have indicated that Chrysanthemum polysaccharides (CP) could prominently ameliorate colitis rats, but its possible mechanism remains unclear. In this study, the underlying mechanism of CP was explored by the metabolic profiling analysis and correlated signaling pathways. TNBS/ethanol induced colitis was used to investigate the intervention efficacy following oral administration of CP. The levels of cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-6, IFN-γ and IL-1β, and the activities of SOD, MPO, and MDA were determined. We also performed western-blot for p65, TLR4, p-JAK2, and STAT3 protein expression in the colon tissue to probe their mechanisms of correlated signaling pathways. What’s more, the metabolic changes in plasma and urine from colitis rats were investigated based on UPLC-Q-TOF/MS combined with MetabolynxTM software. The potential biomarkers and metabolic pathways were also tentatively confirmed. The metabolic profiles of plasma and urine were clearly improved in model rats after oral administration of CP. Thirty-two (17 in serum and 15 in urine) potential biomarkers were identified. The endogenous metabolites were mainly involved in linoleic acid, retinol, arachidonic acid, glycerophospholipid and primary bile acid metabolism in plasma, and nicotinate and nicotinamide, ascorbate and aldarate, histidine and β-alanine metabolism in urine. After polysaccharides intervention, these markers turned back to normal level at some extent. Meanwhile, the elevated expression levels of pp65, TLR4, p-STAT3, and p-JAK2 were significantly decreased after treatment. Results suggested that CP would be a potential prebiotics for alleviation of TNBS-induced colitis. The study paved the way for the further exploration of the pathogenesis, early diagnosis and curative drug development of the colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Hua Tao
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jin-Ao Duan
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Shu Jiang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jian-Ming Guo
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Dan-Dan Wei
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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Zaccagna F, Grist JT, Deen SS, Woitek R, Lechermann LMT, McLean MA, Basu B, Gallagher FA. Hyperpolarized carbon-13 magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging: a clinical tool for studying tumour metabolism. Br J Radiol 2018; 91:20170688. [PMID: 29293376 PMCID: PMC6190784 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20170688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucose metabolism in tumours is reprogrammed away from oxidative metabolism, even in the presence of oxygen. Non-invasive imaging techniques can probe these alterations in cancer metabolism providing tools to detect tumours and their response to therapy. Although Positron Emission Tomography with (18F)2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (18F-FDG PET) is an established clinical tool to probe cancer metabolism, it has poor spatial resolution and soft tissue contrast, utilizes ionizing radiation and only probes glucose uptake and phosphorylation and not further downstream metabolism. Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) has the capability to non-invasively detect and distinguish molecules within tissue but has low sensitivity and can only detect selected nuclei. Dynamic Nuclear Polarization (DNP) is a technique which greatly increases the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) achieved with MR by significantly increasing nuclear spin polarization and this method has now been translated into human imaging. This review provides a brief overview of this process, also termed Hyperpolarized Carbon-13 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopic Imaging (HP 13C-MRSI), its applications in preclinical imaging, an outline of the current human trials that are ongoing, as well as future potential applications in oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fulvio Zaccagna
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - James T Grist
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Surrin S Deen
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ramona Woitek
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Mary A McLean
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Bristi Basu
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Diagnostic accuracy of C-11 choline and C-11 acetate for lymph node staging in patients with bladder cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. World J Urol 2018; 36:331-340. [PMID: 29294164 DOI: 10.1007/s00345-017-2168-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to assess the diagnostic accuracy of C-11 choline and C-11 acetate positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) for lymph node (LN) staging in bladder cancer (BC) patients through a systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS The MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library database, from the earliest available date of indexing through June 30, 2017, were searched for studies evaluating the diagnostic performance of C-11 choline and C-11 acetate PET/CT for LN staging in BC. We determined the sensitivities and specificities across studies, calculated positive and negative likelihood ratios (LR+ and LR-), and constructed summary receiver operating characteristic curves. RESULTS Across 10 studies (282 patients), the pooled sensitivity was 0.66 (95% CI 0.54-0.75) without heterogeneity (χ2 = 12.4, p = 0.19) and a pooled specificity of 0.89 (95% CI 0.76-0.95) with heterogeneity (χ2 = 29.1, p = 0.00). Likelihood ratio (LR) syntheses gave an overall positive likelihood ratio (LR+) of 5.8 (95% CI 2.7-12.7) and negative likelihood ratio (LR-) of 0.39 (95% CI 0.28-0.53). The pooled diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) was 15 (95% CI 6-38). In meta-regression analysis, the study design (prospective vs retrospective) was the source of the study heterogeneity. CONCLUSION C-11 choline and C-11 acetate PET/CT shows a low sensitivity and moderate specificity for the detection of metastatic LNs in patients with BC. Moreover, heterogeneity among the studies should be considered a limitation. Further large multicenter studies would be necessary to substantiate the diagnostic accuracy of C-11 choline and C-11 acetate PET/CT for this purpose.
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Momcilovic M, Shackelford DB. Imaging Cancer Metabolism. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2018; 26:81-92. [PMID: 29212309 PMCID: PMC5746040 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2017.220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 11/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
It is widely accepted that altered metabolism contributes to cancer growth and has been described as a hallmark of cancer. Our view and understanding of cancer metabolism has expanded at a rapid pace, however, there remains a need to study metabolic dependencies of human cancer in vivo. Recent studies have sought to utilize multi-modality imaging (MMI) techniques in order to build a more detailed and comprehensive understanding of cancer metabolism. MMI combines several in vivo techniques that can provide complementary information related to cancer metabolism. We describe several non-invasive imaging techniques that provide both anatomical and functional information related to tumor metabolism. These imaging modalities include: positron emission tomography (PET), computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) that uses hyperpolarized probes and optical imaging utilizing bioluminescence and quantification of light emitted. We describe how these imaging modalities can be combined with mass spectrometry and quantitative immunochemistry to obtain more complete picture of cancer metabolism. In vivo studies of tumor metabolism are emerging in the field and represent an important component to our understanding of how metabolism shapes and defines cancer initiation, progression and response to treatment. In this review we describe in vivo based studies of cancer metabolism that have taken advantage of MMI in both pre-clinical and clinical studies. MMI promises to advance our understanding of cancer metabolism in both basic research and clinical settings with the ultimate goal of improving detection, diagnosis and treatment of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milica Momcilovic
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - David B Shackelford
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
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Li R, Ravizzini GC, Gorin MA, Maurer T, Eiber M, Cooperberg MR, Alemozzaffar M, Tollefson MK, Delacroix SE, Chapin BF. The use of PET/CT in prostate cancer. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2017; 21:4-21. [PMID: 29230009 DOI: 10.1038/s41391-017-0007-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) has recently emerged as a promising diagnostic imaging platform for prostate cancer. Several radiolabelled tracers have demonstrated efficacy for cancer detection in various clinical settings. In this review, we aim to illustrate the diverse use of PET/CT with different tracers for the detection of prostate cancer. METHODS We searched MEDLINE using the terms 'prostate cancer', 'PET', 'PET/CT' and 'PET/MR'). The current review was limited to 18F-NaF PET/CT, choline-based PET/CT, fluciclovine PET/CT and PSMA-targeted PET/CT, as these modalities have been the most widely adopted. RESULTS NaF PET/CT has shown efficacy in detecting bone metastases with high sensitivity, but relatively low specificity. Currently, choline PET/CT has been the most extensively studied modality. Although having superior specificity, choline PET/CT suffers from low sensitivity, especially at low PSA levels. Nevertheless, choline PET/CT was found to significantly improve upon conventional imaging modalities (CIM) in the detection of metastatic lesions at biochemical recurrence (BCR). Newer methods using fluciclovine and PSMA-targeted radiotracers have preliminarily demonstrated great promise in primary and recurrent staging of prostate cancer. However, their superior efficacy awaits confirmation in larger series. CONCLUSIONS PET/CT has emerged as a promising staging modality for both primary and recurrent prostate cancer. Newer tracers have increased detection accuracies for small, incipient metastatic foci. The clinical implications of these occult PET/CT detected disease foci require organized evaluation. Efforts should be aimed at defining their natural history as well as responsiveness and impact of metastasis-directed therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger Li
- Department of Urology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Unit 1373, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Gregory C Ravizzini
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michael A Gorin
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Tobias Maurer
- Department of Urology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Eiber
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Scott E Delacroix
- Department of Urology, Louisiana State University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Brian F Chapin
- Department of Urology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Unit 1373, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
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Potential Visualization of Sorafenib-Induced Acidosis Using 11C-Acetate PET/CT in Patients With Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Clin Nucl Med 2017; 43:31-32. [PMID: 29112010 DOI: 10.1097/rlu.0000000000001879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
C-acetate uptake could be increased in physiologic or inflammatory conditions without evidence of cancer. We report a hepatocellular carcinoma patient with sorafenib-induced metabolic acidosis, who showed increased hepatic uptake of C-acetate. C-acetate PET/CT might be a potentially useful surrogate marker to monitor these adverse effects via the changes in C-acetate uptake patterns from before to after drug withdrawal.
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Meißner S, Janssen JC, Prasad V, Brenner W, Diederichs G, Hamm B, Hofheinz F, Makowski MR. Potential of asphericity as a novel diagnostic parameter in the evaluation of patients with 68Ga-PSMA-HBED-CC PET-positive prostate cancer lesions. EJNMMI Res 2017; 7:85. [PMID: 29058157 PMCID: PMC5651532 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-017-0333-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of the asphericity (ASP) as a novel quantitative parameter, reflecting the spatial heterogeneity of tracer uptake, in the staging process of patients with 68Ga-PSMA-HBED-CC positron emission tomography (PET)-positive prostate cancer (PC). In this study, 37 patients (median age 72 years, range 52-82 years) with newly diagnosed PC, who received a 68Ga-PSMA-HBED-CC PET fused with computed tomography (68Ga-PSMA-PET/CT), a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the prostate, and a core needle biopsy (within 74.2 ± 80.2 days) with an available Gleason score (GSc) were extracted from the local database. The ASP and the viable tumor volume (VTV) was calculated using the rover software (ABX GmbH, Radeberg, Germany), a segmentation tool for automated tumor volume delineation. Additionally, parameters including total lesion binding rate (TLB), maximum, mean and peak standardized uptake value (SUVmax/mean/peak), prostate-specific antigen (PSA), D'Amico classification, and prostate imaging reporting and data system (PI-RADS) were analyzed. RESULTS The ASP mean differed significantly (p ≤ 0.05) between the different GSc groups: GSc 6-7: 11.9 ± 4.8%, GSc 8: 25.5 ± 4.8%, GSc 9-10: 33.3 ± 6.8%. A significant correlation between ASP and GSc (rho = 0.88; CI 0.78-0.94; p < 0.05) was measured. The ASP enabled an independent (p > 0.05) prediction of the GSc. A moderate correlation was measured between ASP and the D'Amico classification (rho = 0.6; CI 0.32-0.78; p < 0.05). The VTV showed a moderate correlation with the SUVmax (rho = 0.58; CI 0.32-0.76; p < 0.05) and the GSc (rho = 0.51; CI 0.23-0.72; p < 0.05). CONCLUSION The asphericity in 68Ga-PSMA-PET could represent a promising novel quantitative parameter for an improved non-invasive tumor staging of patients with PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Meißner
- Department of Radiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Jan-Carlo Janssen
- Department of Radiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Vikas Prasad
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Charité, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Winfried Brenner
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Charité, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gerd Diederichs
- Department of Radiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernd Hamm
- Department of Radiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Frank Hofheinz
- Helmholtz Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Marcus R Makowski
- Department of Radiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
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Cascales-Campos PA, Romero PR, Schneider MA, Lopez-Lopez V, Navarro JL, Frutos L, Pons Miñano JA, Paricio PP. Positron emission tomography/computed tomography in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma undergoing liver transplantation. Useful, necessary or irrelevant? Eur J Radiol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2017.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Bernardino RL, Marinelli RA, Maggio A, Gena P, Cataldo I, Alves MG, Svelto M, Oliveira PF, Calamita G. Hepatocyte and Sertoli Cell Aquaporins, Recent Advances and Research Trends. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17071096. [PMID: 27409609 PMCID: PMC4964472 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17071096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2016] [Revised: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs) are proteinaceous channels widespread in nature where they allow facilitated permeation of water and uncharged through cellular membranes. AQPs play a number of important roles in both health and disease. This review focuses on the most recent advances and research trends regarding the expression and modulation, as well as physiological and pathophysiological functions of AQPs in hepatocytes and Sertoli cells (SCs). Besides their involvement in bile formation, hepatocyte AQPs are involved in maintaining energy balance acting in hepatic gluconeogenesis and lipid metabolism, and in critical processes such as ammonia detoxification and mitochondrial output of hydrogen peroxide. Roles are played in clinical disorders including fatty liver disease, diabetes, obesity, cholestasis, hepatic cirrhosis and hepatocarcinoma. In the seminiferous tubules, particularly in SCs, AQPs are also widely expressed and seem to be implicated in the various stages of spermatogenesis. Like in hepatocytes, AQPs may be involved in maintaining energy homeostasis in these cells and have a major role in the metabolic cooperation established in the testicular tissue. Altogether, this information represents the mainstay of current and future investigation in an expanding field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel L Bernardino
- Department of Microscopy, Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS) and Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Raul A Marinelli
- Instituto de Fisiología Experimental-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas-Universidad Nacional de Rosario, 531 S2002LRK Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina.
| | - Anna Maggio
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharnaceutics, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70125 Bari, Italy.
| | - Patrizia Gena
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharnaceutics, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70125 Bari, Italy.
| | - Ilaria Cataldo
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharnaceutics, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70125 Bari, Italy.
| | - Marco G Alves
- CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal.
| | - Maria Svelto
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharnaceutics, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70125 Bari, Italy.
| | - Pedro F Oliveira
- Department of Microscopy, Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS) and Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Giuseppe Calamita
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharnaceutics, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70125 Bari, Italy.
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Li L, Che L, Wang C, Blecha JE, Li X, VanBrocklin HF, Calvisi DF, Puchowicz M, Chen X, Seo Y. [(11)C]acetate PET Imaging is not Always Associated with Increased Lipogenesis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Mice. Mol Imaging Biol 2016; 18:360-7. [PMID: 26567114 PMCID: PMC4866912 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-015-0915-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Altered metabolism, including increased glycolysis and de novo lipogenesis, is one of the hallmarks of cancer. Radiolabeled nutrients, including glucose and acetate, are extensively used for the detection of various tumors, including hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs). High signal of [(11)C]acetate positron emission tomography (PET) in tumors is often considered to be associated with increased expression of fatty acid synthase (FASN) and increased de novo lipogenesis in tumor tissues. Defining a subset of tumors with increased [(11)C]acetate PET signal and thus increased lipogenesis was suggested to help select a group of patients, who may benefit from lipogenesis-targeting therapies. PROCEDURES To investigate whether [(11)C]acetate PET imaging is truly associated with increased de novo lipogenesis along with hepatocarcinogenesis, we performed [(11)C]acetate PET imaging in wild-type mice as well as two mouse HCC models, induced by myrAKT/Ras(V12) (AKT/Ras) and PIK3CA(1047R)/c-Met (PI3K/Met) oncogene combinations. In addition, we analyzed FASN expression and de novo lipogenesis rate in these mouse liver tissues. RESULTS We found that while HCCs induced by AKT/Ras co-expression showed high levels of [(11)C]acetate PET signal compared to normal liver, HCCs induced by PI3K/Met overexpression did not. Intriguingly, elevated FASN expression and increased de novo lipogenesis rate were observed in both AKT/Ras and PI3K/Met HCCs. CONCLUSION Altogether, our study suggests that [(11)C]acetate PET imaging can be a useful tool for imaging of a subset of HCCs. However, at molecular level, the increased [(11)C]acetate PET imaging is not always associated with increased FASN expression or de novo lipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Li
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0912, USA
| | - Li Che
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0912, USA
| | - Chunmei Wang
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0912, USA
| | - Joseph E Blecha
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Xiaolei Li
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0912, USA
| | - Henry F VanBrocklin
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Diego F Calvisi
- Institute of Pathology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Michelle Puchowicz
- Department of Nutrition, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0912, USA.
| | - Youngho Seo
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- UCSF-UC Berkeley Joint Graduate Group in Bioengineering, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- UCSF Physics Research Laboratory, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0946, USA.
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11C-Acetate Positron Emission Tomography for Detection of Occult Metastatic Recurrence in Hepatoblastoma. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2016; 38:317-20. [PMID: 26907645 DOI: 10.1097/mph.0000000000000517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Hepatoblastoma is the most common primary liver cancer in the pediatric population. Disease relapse might be occult and difficult to detect. C-acetate positron emission tomography has been applied in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma due to the insensitivity of fluorodeoxyglucose, but data on hepatoblastoma patients have been scarce. We describe the use of C-acetate positron emission tomography/computed tomography scan as a sensitive method in the identification of an occult bony metastatic recurrence in a 6-year-old girl with a history of hepatoblastoma treated with chemotherapy.
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Jadvar H. Positron emission tomography in imaging evaluation of staging, restaging, treatment response, and prognosis in prostate cancer. Abdom Radiol (NY) 2016; 41:889-98. [PMID: 27193789 DOI: 10.1007/s00261-015-0563-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is a prevalent public health problem worldwide. While imaging has played a major role in this disease, there still remain many challenges and opportunities. Positron emission tomography with various physiologically based radiotracers is fundamentally suited to interrogate this biologically and clinically heterogeneous disease along the course of its natural history. In this article, I review briefly the published evidence for the use of positron emission tomography with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose, 11C-acetate, and 18F- or 11C-choline in the imaging evaluation of prostate cancer. Although the focus of the article will be on these radiotracers given the accumulated experience with them, but I will also comment on the outlook for the use of other emerging PET radiotracers such as those targeted to the prostate-specific membrane antigen and the amino acid metabolism pathway. It is anticipated that PET will play major role in the evaluation of prostate cancer in the current evidence-based medicine environment. There will also be exciting novel prospects for the use of therapeutic-diagnostic (theransotic) pairs in the management of patients with prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Jadvar
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, 2250 Alcazar Street, CSC 102, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.
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Laeseke PF, Chen R, Jeffrey RB, Brentnall TA, Willmann JK. Combining in Vitro Diagnostics with in Vivo Imaging for Earlier Detection of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: Challenges and Solutions. Radiology 2016; 277:644-61. [PMID: 26599925 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2015141020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the fourth-leading cause of cancer-related death in the United States and is associated with a dismal prognosis, particularly when diagnosed at an advanced stage. Overall survival is significantly improved if PDAC is detected at an early stage prior to the onset of symptoms. At present, there is no suitable screening strategy for the general population. Available diagnostic serum markers are not sensitive or specific enough, and clinically available imaging modalities are inadequate for visualizing early-stage lesions. In this article, the role of currently available blood biomarkers and imaging tests for the early detection of PDAC will be reviewed. Also, the emerging biomarkers and molecularly targeted imaging agents being developed to improve the specificity of current imaging modalities for PDAC will be discussed. A strategy incorporating blood biomarkers and molecularly targeted imaging agents could lead to improved screening and earlier detection of PDAC in the future. (©) RSNA, 2015.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul F Laeseke
- From the Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Dr, Room H1307, Stanford, CA 94305-5621 (P.F.L., R.B.J., J.K.W.); and Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash (R.C., T.A.B.)
| | - Ru Chen
- From the Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Dr, Room H1307, Stanford, CA 94305-5621 (P.F.L., R.B.J., J.K.W.); and Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash (R.C., T.A.B.)
| | - R Brooke Jeffrey
- From the Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Dr, Room H1307, Stanford, CA 94305-5621 (P.F.L., R.B.J., J.K.W.); and Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash (R.C., T.A.B.)
| | - Teresa A Brentnall
- From the Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Dr, Room H1307, Stanford, CA 94305-5621 (P.F.L., R.B.J., J.K.W.); and Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash (R.C., T.A.B.)
| | - Jürgen K Willmann
- From the Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Dr, Room H1307, Stanford, CA 94305-5621 (P.F.L., R.B.J., J.K.W.); and Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash (R.C., T.A.B.)
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Amzalag G, Rager O, Tabouret-Viaud C, Wissmeyer M, Sfakianaki E, de Perrot T, Ratib O, Miralbell R, Giovacchini G, Garibotto V, Zilli T. Target Definition in Salvage Radiotherapy for Recurrent Prostate Cancer: The Role of Advanced Molecular Imaging. Front Oncol 2016; 6:73. [PMID: 27065024 PMCID: PMC4814800 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2016.00073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Salvage radiotherapy (SRT) represents the main treatment option for relapsing prostate cancer in patients after radical prostatectomy. Several open questions remain unanswered in terms of target volumes definition and delivered doses for SRT: the effective dose necessary to achieve biochemical control in the SRT setting may be different if the tumor recurrence is micro- or macroscopic. At the same time, irradiation of only the prostatic bed or of the whole pelvis will depend on the localization of the recurrence, local or locoregional. In the “theragnostic imaging” era, molecular imaging using positron emission tomography (PET) constitutes a useful tool for clinicians to define the site of the recurrence, the extent of disease, and individualize salvage treatments. The best option currently available in clinical routine is the combination of radiolabeled choline PET imaging and multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), associating the nodal and distant metastases identification based on PET with the local assessment by MRI. A new generation of targeted tracers, namely, prostate-specific membrane antigen, show promising results, with a contrast superior to choline imaging and a higher detection rate even for low prostate-specific antigen levels; validation studies are ongoing. Finally, imaging targeting bone remodeling, using whole-body SPECT–CT, is a relevant complement to molecular/metabolic PET imaging when bone involvement is suspected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaël Amzalag
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Hospital of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland; Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Rager
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Geneva University Hospital , Geneva , Switzerland
| | - Claire Tabouret-Viaud
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Geneva University Hospital , Geneva , Switzerland
| | - Michael Wissmeyer
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Hospital of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland; Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Electra Sfakianaki
- Division of Radiology, Geneva University Hospital , Geneva , Switzerland
| | - Thomas de Perrot
- Division of Radiology, Geneva University Hospital , Geneva , Switzerland
| | - Osman Ratib
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland; Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Raymond Miralbell
- Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University, Geneva, Switzerland; Division of Radiation-Oncology, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Giampiero Giovacchini
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Stadtspital Triemli , Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Valentina Garibotto
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland; Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Zilli
- Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University, Geneva, Switzerland; Division of Radiation-Oncology, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
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Zhao H, Yang L, Baddour J, Achreja A, Bernard V, Moss T, Marini JC, Tudawe T, Seviour EG, San Lucas FA, Alvarez H, Gupta S, Maiti SN, Cooper L, Peehl D, Ram PT, Maitra A, Nagrath D. Tumor microenvironment derived exosomes pleiotropically modulate cancer cell metabolism. eLife 2016; 5:e10250. [PMID: 26920219 PMCID: PMC4841778 DOI: 10.7554/elife.10250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 634] [Impact Index Per Article: 79.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are a major cellular component of tumor microenvironment in most solid cancers. Altered cellular metabolism is a hallmark of cancer, and much of the published literature has focused on neoplastic cell-autonomous processes for these adaptations. We demonstrate that exosomes secreted by patient-derived CAFs can strikingly reprogram the metabolic machinery following their uptake by cancer cells. We find that CAF-derived exosomes (CDEs) inhibit mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, thereby increasing glycolysis and glutamine-dependent reductive carboxylation in cancer cells. Through 13C-labeled isotope labeling experiments we elucidate that exosomes supply amino acids to nutrient-deprived cancer cells in a mechanism similar to macropinocytosis, albeit without the previously described dependence on oncogenic-Kras signaling. Using intra-exosomal metabolomics, we provide compelling evidence that CDEs contain intact metabolites, including amino acids, lipids, and TCA-cycle intermediates that are avidly utilized by cancer cells for central carbon metabolism and promoting tumor growth under nutrient deprivation or nutrient stressed conditions. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.10250.001 Cancer cells behave differently from healthy cells in many ways. Healthy cells rely on structures called mitochondria to provide them with energy via a process that requires oxygen. However cancer cells don’t rely on this process, and instead release energy by breaking down sugars outside of the mitochondria. This may explain why cancer cells are able to thrive even when little oxygen is available. Cancer cells also interact with neighboring cells called fibroblasts, which are a major part of a tumor’s microenvironment, and recruit them into the tumors. The fibroblasts communicate with cancer cells, in part, by releasing chemical messengers packaged into tiny bubble-like structures called exosomes. Recent studies have suggested that these exosomes may help cancer cells to thrive, but there are many questions remaining about how they might do this. Now, Zhao et al. show that the fibroblasts smuggle essential nutrients to cancer cells via the exosomes and disable oxygen-based energy production in cancer cells. First, exosomes released by cancer-associated fibroblasts from people with prostate cancer were collected and marked with a green dye. Next, the green-labeled exosomes were mixed with prostate cancer cells, and shown to be absorbed by the cells. Oxygen-based energy release was dramatically reduced in the exosome-absorbing cells, and sugar-based energy release increased. Next, Zhao et al examined the contents of the exosomes, and found that they contain the building blocks of proteins, fats, and other important molecules. Next, the experiments revealed that both prostate cancer and pancreatic cancer cells deprived of nutrients can use these smuggled resources to continue to grow. Importantly, this process did not involve the protein Kras, which previous studies had show helps cancer cells absorb nutrients. These findings suggest that preventing exosomes from smuggling resources to starving cancer cells might be an effective strategy to treat cancers. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.10250.002
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyun Zhao
- Laboratory for Systems Biology of Human Diseases, Rice University, Houston, United States.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, United States
| | - Lifeng Yang
- Laboratory for Systems Biology of Human Diseases, Rice University, Houston, United States.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, United States
| | - Joelle Baddour
- Laboratory for Systems Biology of Human Diseases, Rice University, Houston, United States.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, United States
| | - Abhinav Achreja
- Laboratory for Systems Biology of Human Diseases, Rice University, Houston, United States.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, United States
| | - Vincent Bernard
- Departments of Pathology and Translational Molecular Pathology, Ahmad Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States
| | - Tyler Moss
- Department of Systems Biology, University of Texas, MD Anderson, Houston, United States
| | | | - Thavisha Tudawe
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, United States
| | - Elena G Seviour
- Department of Systems Biology, University of Texas, MD Anderson, Houston, United States
| | - F Anthony San Lucas
- Departments of Pathology and Translational Molecular Pathology, Ahmad Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States
| | - Hector Alvarez
- Departments of Pathology and Translational Molecular Pathology, Ahmad Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States
| | - Sonal Gupta
- Departments of Pathology and Translational Molecular Pathology, Ahmad Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States
| | - Sourindra N Maiti
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States
| | - Laurence Cooper
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States
| | - Donna Peehl
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, United States
| | - Prahlad T Ram
- Department of Systems Biology, University of Texas, MD Anderson, Houston, United States
| | - Anirban Maitra
- Departments of Pathology and Translational Molecular Pathology, Ahmad Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States
| | - Deepak Nagrath
- Laboratory for Systems Biology of Human Diseases, Rice University, Houston, United States.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, United States.,Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, United States
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Björnson E, Mukhopadhyay B, Asplund A, Pristovsek N, Cinar R, Romeo S, Uhlen M, Kunos G, Nielsen J, Mardinoglu A. Stratification of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients Based on Acetate Utilization. Cell Rep 2015; 13:2014-26. [PMID: 26655911 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.10.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Revised: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a deadly form of liver cancer that is increasingly prevalent. We analyzed global gene expression profiling of 361 HCC tumors and 49 adjacent noncancerous liver samples by means of combinatorial network-based analysis. We investigated the correlation between transcriptome and proteome of HCC and reconstructed a functional genome-scale metabolic model (GEM) for HCC. We identified fundamental metabolic processes required for cell proliferation using the network centric view provided by the GEM. Our analysis revealed tight regulation of fatty acid biosynthesis (FAB) and highly significant deregulation of fatty acid oxidation in HCC. We predicted mitochondrial acetate as an emerging substrate for FAB through upregulation of mitochondrial acetyl-CoA synthetase (ACSS1) in HCC. We analyzed heterogeneous expression of ACSS1 and ACSS2 between HCC patients stratified by high and low ACSS1 and ACSS2 expression and revealed that ACSS1 is associated with tumor growth and malignancy under hypoxic conditions in human HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias Björnson
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Bani Mukhopadhyay
- Laboratory of Physiologic Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Anna Asplund
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Nusa Pristovsek
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Resat Cinar
- Laboratory of Physiologic Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Stefano Romeo
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, the Sahlgrenska Center for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research/Wallenberg Laboratory, University of Gothenburg, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden; Cardiology Department, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 416 50 Gothenburg, Sweden; Clinical Nutrition Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Mathias Uhlen
- Department of Proteomics, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden; Science for Life Laboratory, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, 171 21 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - George Kunos
- Laboratory of Physiologic Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jens Nielsen
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden; Science for Life Laboratory, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, 171 21 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Adil Mardinoglu
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden; Science for Life Laboratory, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, 171 21 Stockholm, Sweden.
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Dusing RW, Peng W, Lai SM, Grado GL, Holzbeierlein JM, Thrasher JB, Hill J, Van Veldhuizen PJ. Prostate-specific antigen and prostate-specific antigen velocity as threshold indicators in 11C-acetate PET/CTAC scanning for prostate cancer recurrence. Clin Nucl Med 2015; 39:777-83. [PMID: 25036021 PMCID: PMC4136979 DOI: 10.1097/rlu.0000000000000516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to identify which patient characteristics are associated with the highest likelihood of positive findings on 11C-acetate PET/computed tomography attenuation correction (CTAC) (PET/CTAC) scan when imaging for recurrent prostate cancer. METHODS From 2007 to 2011, 250 11C-acetate PET/CTAC scans were performed at a single institution on patients with prostate cancer recurrence after surgery, brachytherapy, or external beam radiation. Of these patients, 120 met our inclusion criteria. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine the relationship between predictability of positive findings and patients' characteristics, such as prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level at the time of scan, PSA kinetics, Gleason score, staging, and type of treatment before scan. RESULTS In total, 68.3% of the 120 11C-acetate PET/CTAC scans were positive. The percentage of positive scans and PSA at the time of scanning and PSA velocity (PSAV) had positive correlations. The putative sensitivity and specificity were 86.6% and 65.8%, respectively, when a PSA level greater than 1.24 ng/mL was used as the threshold for scanning. The putative sensitivity and specificity were 74% and 75%, respectively, when a PSAV level greater than 1.32 ng/mL/y was used as the threshold. No significant associations were found between scan positivity and age, PSA doubling time, Gleason score, staging, or type of treatment before scanning. CONCLUSIONS This retrospective study suggests that threshold models of PSA greater than 1.24 ng/mL or PSAV greater than 1.32 ng/mL per year are independent predictors of positive findings in 11C-acetate PET/CTAC imaging of recurrent prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reginald W Dusing
- From the *Department of Radiology, and †Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS; ‡Southwest Oncology Centers, Scottsdale, AZ; §Department of Urology, and ¶Department of Hematology and Oncology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
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Jadvar H. Positron Emission Tomography in Prostate Cancer: Summary of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 1:18-22. [PMID: 26726317 PMCID: PMC4696775 DOI: 10.18383/j.tom.2015.00130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is a prevalent public health problem worldwide. Over the past decade, there has been tremendous research activity in the potential use of positron emission tomography with a number of radiotracers targeted to various biological aspects of this complex tumor. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses are important contributions to the relevant literature that summarize the evidence while reducing the effect of various sources of bias in the published data. The accumulation of relevant data in this clinical setting has recently provided the opportunity for systematic reviews. In this brief article, I summarize the published systematic reviews and meta-analyses of positron emission tomography in prostate cancer. Most robust evidence suggests a probable role for first-line use of positron emission tomography with radiolabeled choline in restating patients with biochemical relapse of prostate cancer with the diagnostic performance that seems to be positively associated with the serum prostate-specific antigen level and velocity. Future systematic reviews will be needed for other emerging radiotracers such as those based on the prostate-specific membrane antigen and gastrin-releasing peptide receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Jadvar
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USAPresident, Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging (SNMMI)
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Olivares O, Däbritz JHM, King A, Gottlieb E, Halsey C. Research into cancer metabolomics: Towards a clinical metamorphosis. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2015; 43:52-64. [PMID: 26365277 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2015.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The acknowledgement that metabolic reprogramming is a central feature of cancer has generated high expectations for major advances in both diagnosis and treatment of malignancies through addressing metabolism. These have so far only been partially fulfilled, with only a few clinical applications. However, numerous diagnostic and therapeutic compounds are currently being evaluated in either clinical trials or pre-clinical models and new discoveries of alterations in metabolic genes indicate future prognostic or other applicable relevance. Altogether, these metabolic approaches now stand alongside other available measures providing hopes for the prospects of metabolomics in the clinic. Here we present a comprehensive overview of both ongoing and emerging clinical, pre-clinical and technical strategies for exploiting unique tumour metabolic traits, highlighting the current promises and anticipations of research in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orianne Olivares
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, UK
| | - J Henry M Däbritz
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, UK
| | - Ayala King
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, UK
| | - Eyal Gottlieb
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, UK.
| | - Christina Halsey
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, UK.
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Huo L, Guo J, Dang Y, Lv J, Zheng Y, Li F, Xie Q, Chen X. Kinetic analysis of dynamic (11)C-acetate PET/CT imaging as a potential method for differentiation of hepatocellular carcinoma and benign liver lesions. Am J Cancer Res 2015; 5:371-7. [PMID: 25699097 PMCID: PMC4329501 DOI: 10.7150/thno.10760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The kinetic analysis of 11C-acetate PET provides more information than routine one time-point static imaging. This study aims to investigate the potential of dynamic 11C-acetate hepatic PET imaging to improve the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and benign liver lesions by using compartmental kinetic modeling and discriminant analysis. Methods: Twenty-two patients were enrolled in this study, 6 cases were with well-differentiated HCCs, 7 with poorly-differentiated HCCs and 9 with benign pathologies. Following the CT scan, all patients underwent 11C-acetate dynamic PET imaging. A three-compartment irreversible dual-input model was applied to the lesion time activity curves (TACs) to estimate the kinetic rate constants K1-k3, vascular fraction (VB) and the coefficient α representing the relative hepatic artery (HA) contribution to the hepatic blood supply on lesions and non-lesion liver tissue. The parameter Ki (=K1×k3/(k2 + k3)) was calculated to evaluate the local hepatic metabolic rate of acetate (LHMAct). The lesions were further classified by discriminant analysis with all the above parameters. Results: K1 and lesion to non-lesion standardized uptake value (SUV) ratio (T/L) were found to be the parameters best characterizing the differences among well-differentiated HCC, poorly-differentiated HCC and benign lesions in stepwise discriminant analysis. With discriminant functions consisting of these two parameters, the accuracy of lesion prediction was 87.5% for well-differentiated HCC, 50% for poorly-differentiated HCC and 66.7% for benign lesions. The classification was much better than that with SUV and T/L, where the corresponding classification accuracy of the three kinds of lesions was 57.1%, 33.3% and 44.4%. Conclusion: 11C-acetate kinetic parameter K1 could improve the identification of HCC from benign lesions in combination with T/L in discriminant analysis. The discriminant analysis using static and kinetic parameters appears to be a very helpful method for clinical liver masses diagnosis and staging.
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Schug ZT, Peck B, Jones DT, Zhang Q, Grosskurth S, Alam IS, Goodwin LM, Smethurst E, Mason S, Blyth K, McGarry L, James D, Shanks E, Kalna G, Saunders RE, Jiang M, Howell M, Lassailly F, Thin MZ, Spencer-Dene B, Stamp G, van den Broek NJF, Mackay G, Bulusu V, Kamphorst JJ, Tardito S, Strachan D, Harris AL, Aboagye EO, Critchlow SE, Wakelam MJO, Schulze A, Gottlieb E. Acetyl-CoA synthetase 2 promotes acetate utilization and maintains cancer cell growth under metabolic stress. Cancer Cell 2015; 27:57-71. [PMID: 25584894 PMCID: PMC4297291 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2014.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 512] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Revised: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A functional genomics study revealed that the activity of acetyl-CoA synthetase 2 (ACSS2) contributes to cancer cell growth under low-oxygen and lipid-depleted conditions. Comparative metabolomics and lipidomics demonstrated that acetate is used as a nutritional source by cancer cells in an ACSS2-dependent manner, and supplied a significant fraction of the carbon within the fatty acid and phospholipid pools. ACSS2 expression is upregulated under metabolically stressed conditions and ACSS2 silencing reduced the growth of tumor xenografts. ACSS2 exhibits copy-number gain in human breast tumors, and ACSS2 expression correlates with disease progression. These results signify a critical role for acetate consumption in the production of lipid biomass within the harsh tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary T Schug
- Cancer Research UK, Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Barrie Peck
- Cancer Research UK, London Institute, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3LY, UK
| | - Dylan T Jones
- Molecular Oncology Laboratories, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Qifeng Zhang
- Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK
| | | | - Israt S Alam
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | | | | | - Susan Mason
- Cancer Research UK, Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Karen Blyth
- Cancer Research UK, Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Lynn McGarry
- Cancer Research UK, Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Daniel James
- Cancer Research UK, Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Emma Shanks
- Cancer Research UK, Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Gabriela Kalna
- Cancer Research UK, Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Rebecca E Saunders
- Cancer Research UK, London Institute, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3LY, UK
| | - Ming Jiang
- Cancer Research UK, London Institute, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3LY, UK
| | - Michael Howell
- Cancer Research UK, London Institute, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3LY, UK
| | - Francois Lassailly
- Cancer Research UK, London Institute, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3LY, UK
| | - May Zaw Thin
- Cancer Research UK, London Institute, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3LY, UK
| | - Bradley Spencer-Dene
- Cancer Research UK, London Institute, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3LY, UK
| | - Gordon Stamp
- Cancer Research UK, London Institute, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3LY, UK
| | - Niels J F van den Broek
- Cancer Research UK, Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Gillian Mackay
- Cancer Research UK, Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Vinay Bulusu
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Jurre J Kamphorst
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Saverio Tardito
- Cancer Research UK, Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - David Strachan
- Cancer Research UK, Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Adrian L Harris
- Molecular Oncology Laboratories, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Eric O Aboagye
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | | | | | - Almut Schulze
- Cancer Research UK, London Institute, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3LY, UK
| | - Eyal Gottlieb
- Cancer Research UK, Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK.
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48
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Zhao D, Li FL, Cheng ZL, Lei QY. Impact of acetylation on tumor metabolism. Mol Cell Oncol 2014; 1:e963452. [PMID: 27308346 PMCID: PMC4905055 DOI: 10.4161/23723548.2014.963452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Revised: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Acetylation of protein lysine residues is a reversible and dynamic process that is controlled by histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and deacetylases (HDACs and SIRTs). Recent studies have revealed that acetylation modulates not only nuclear proteins but also cytoplasmic or mitochondrial proteins, including many metabolic enzymes. In tumors, cellular metabolism is reprogrammed to provide intermediates for biosynthesis such as nucleotides, fatty acids, and amino acids, and thereby favor the rapid proliferation of cancer cells and tumor development. An increasing number of investigations have indicated that acetylation plays an important role in tumor metabolism. Here, we summarize the substrates that are modified by acetylation, especially oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, and enzymes that are implicated in tumor metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine; Ministry of Education, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Fudan University Shanghai Medical College; Shanghai, People's Republic of China; Molecular and Cell Biology Lab; Institutes of Biomedical Sciences; Fudan University; Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Fu-Long Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine; Ministry of Education, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Fudan University Shanghai Medical College; Shanghai, People's Republic of China; Molecular and Cell Biology Lab; Institutes of Biomedical Sciences; Fudan University; Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhou-Li Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine; Ministry of Education, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Fudan University Shanghai Medical College; Shanghai, People's Republic of China; Molecular and Cell Biology Lab; Institutes of Biomedical Sciences; Fudan University; Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Qun-Ying Lei
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine; Ministry of Education, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Fudan University Shanghai Medical College; Shanghai, People's Republic of China; Molecular and Cell Biology Lab; Institutes of Biomedical Sciences; Fudan University; Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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49
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Lewis DY, Boren J, Shaw GL, Bielik R, Ramos-Montoya A, Larkin TJ, Martins CP, Neal DE, Soloviev D, Brindle KM. Late Imaging with [1-(11)C]Acetate Improves Detection of Tumor Fatty Acid Synthesis with PET. J Nucl Med 2014; 55:1144-9. [PMID: 24777291 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.113.134437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 03/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Tumors are often characterized by high levels of de novo fatty acid synthesis. The kinetics of acetate incorporation into tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates and into lipids suggest that detection of tumors with [1-(11)C]acetate PET could be improved by imaging at later time points. METHODS The uptake and metabolism of [1-(11)C], [1-(13)C], and [1-(14)C]acetate were measured in mouse prostate and lung cancer models to investigate the time course of (11)C label incorporation into tumor metabolites. RESULTS Radioactivity in the lipid fraction, as compared with the aqueous fraction, in extracts of C4-2B human prostate xenografts peaked at 90 min after [1-(14)C]acetate injection, which coincided with peak (13)C label incorporation into the fatty acids palmitate and stearate. Contrast between the tumor and tissues, such as blood and muscle, increased in PET images acquired over a period of 120 min after [1-(11)C]acetate injection, and Patlak plots were linear from 17.5 min after injection. Similar results were obtained in a genetically engineered K-ras(G12D); p53(null) lung cancer model, in which the mean tumor-to-lung ratio at 90 min after [1-(14)C]acetate injection was 4.4-fold higher than at 15 min. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that when imaging de novo fatty acid synthesis with [1-(11)C]acetate it is preferable to measure uptake at later time points, when the effects of perfusion and (11)C incorporation into tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates and bicarbonate are declining. The data presented here suggest that future clinical PET scans of tumors should be acquired later than 30 min, when tracer accumulation due to de novo fatty acid synthesis prevails.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Y Lewis
- Cancer Research United Kingdom-Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Joan Boren
- Cancer Research United Kingdom-Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Greg L Shaw
- Cancer Research United Kingdom-Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Bielik
- Cancer Research United Kingdom-Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Antonio Ramos-Montoya
- Cancer Research United Kingdom-Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy J Larkin
- Cancer Research United Kingdom-Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; and
| | - Carla P Martins
- MRC Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - David E Neal
- Cancer Research United Kingdom-Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Dmitry Soloviev
- Cancer Research United Kingdom-Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin M Brindle
- Cancer Research United Kingdom-Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; and
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50
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Yang X, Liu H, Sun CK, Natarajan A, Hu X, Wang X, Allegretta M, Guttmann RD, Gambhir SS, Chua MS, Cheng Z, So SK. Imaging of hepatocellular carcinoma patient-derived xenografts using ⁸⁹Zr-labeled anti-glypican-3 monoclonal antibody. Biomaterials 2014; 35:6964-71. [PMID: 24836949 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.04.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Imaging probes for early detection of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are highly desired to overcome current diagnostic limitations which lead to poor prognosis. The membrane protein glypican-3 (GPC3) is a potential molecular target for early HCC detection as it is over-expressed in >50% of HCCs, and is associated with early hepatocarcinogenesis. We synthesized the positron emission tomography (PET) probe (89)Zr-DFO-1G12 by bioconjugating and radiolabeling the anti-GPC3 monoclonal antibody (clone 1G12) with (89)Zr, and evaluated its tumor-targeting capacity. In vitro, (89)Zr-DFO-1G12 was specifically taken up into GPC3-positive HCC cells only, but not in the GPC3-negative prostate cancer cell line (PC3). In vivo, (89)Zr-DFO-1G12 specifically accumulated in subcutaneous GPC3-positive HCC xenografts only, but not in PC3 xenografts. Importantly, (89)Zr-DFO-1G12 delineated orthotopic HCC xenografts from surrounding normal liver, with tumor/liver (T/L) ratios of 6.65 ± 1.33 for HepG2, and 4.29 ± 0.52 for Hep3B xenografts. It also delineated orthotopic xenografts derived from three GPC3-positive HCC patient specimens, with T/L ratios of 4.21 ± 0.64, 2.78 ± 0.26, and 2.31 ± 0.38 at 168 h p.i. Thus, (89)Zr-DFO-1G12 is a highly translatable probe for the specific and high contrast imaging of GPC3-positive HCCs, which may aid early detection of HCC to allow timely intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Yang
- Asian Liver Center, Department of Surgery, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Hongguang Liu
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology and Bio-X Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Chris K Sun
- Asian Liver Center, Department of Surgery, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Arutselvan Natarajan
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology and Bio-X Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Xiang Hu
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology and Bio-X Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Xiaolin Wang
- Asian Liver Center, Department of Surgery, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | | | | | - Sanjiv S Gambhir
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology and Bio-X Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Mei-Sze Chua
- Asian Liver Center, Department of Surgery, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Zhen Cheng
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology and Bio-X Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Samuel K So
- Asian Liver Center, Department of Surgery, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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