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Yu W, Kastriti ME, Ishan M, Choudhary SK, Kramer N, Rashid MM, Truong Do HG, Wang Z, Xu T, Schwabe RF, Ye K, Adameyko I, Liu HX. The main duct of von Ebner's glands is a source of Sox10 + taste bud progenitors and susceptible to pathogen infections. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.14.594215. [PMID: 38798668 PMCID: PMC11118543 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.14.594215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
We have recently demonstrated that Sox10 -expressing ( Sox10 + ) cells give rise to mainly type-III neuronal taste bud cells that are responsible for sour and salt taste. The two tissue compartments containing Sox10 + cells in the surrounding of taste buds include the connective tissue core of taste papillae and von Ebner's glands (vEGs) that are connected to the trench of circumvallate and foliate papillae. In this study, we used inducible Cre mouse models to map the cell lineages of connective tissue (including stromal and Schwann cells) and vEGs and performed single cell RNA-sequencing of the epithelium of Sox10-Cre/tdT mouse circumvallate/vEG complex. In vivo lineage mapping showed that the distribution of traced cells in circumvallate taste buds was closely linked with that in the vEGs, but not in the connective tissue. Sox10 , but not the known stem cells marker Lgr5 , expression was enriched in the cell clusters of main ducts of vEGs that contained abundant proliferating cells, while Sox10-Cre/tdT expression was enriched in type-III taste bud cells and excretory ductal cells. Moreover, multiple genes encoding pathogen receptors are enriched in the vEG main ducts. Our data indicate that the main duct of vEGs is a source of Sox10 + taste bud progenitors and susceptible to pathogen infections.
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Liu X, Xin DE, Zhong X, Zhao C, Li Z, Zhang L, Dourson AJ, Lee L, Mishra S, Bayat AE, Nicholson E, Seibel WL, Yan B, Mason J, Turner BJ, Gonsalvez DG, Ong W, Chew SY, Ghosh B, Yoon SO, Xin M, He Z, Tchieu J, Wegner M, Nave KA, Franklin RJM, Dutta R, Trapp BD, Hu M, Smith MA, Jankowski MP, Barton SK, He X, Lu QR. Small-molecule-induced epigenetic rejuvenation promotes SREBP condensation and overcomes barriers to CNS myelin regeneration. Cell 2024; 187:2465-2484.e22. [PMID: 38701782 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2024.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Remyelination failure in diseases like multiple sclerosis (MS) was thought to involve suppressed maturation of oligodendrocyte precursors; however, oligodendrocytes are present in MS lesions yet lack myelin production. We found that oligodendrocytes in the lesions are epigenetically silenced. Developing a transgenic reporter labeling differentiated oligodendrocytes for phenotypic screening, we identified a small-molecule epigenetic-silencing-inhibitor (ESI1) that enhances myelin production and ensheathment. ESI1 promotes remyelination in animal models of demyelination and enables de novo myelinogenesis on regenerated CNS axons. ESI1 treatment lengthened myelin sheaths in human iPSC-derived organoids and augmented (re)myelination in aged mice while reversing age-related cognitive decline. Multi-omics revealed that ESI1 induces an active chromatin landscape that activates myelinogenic pathways and reprograms metabolism. Notably, ESI1 triggered nuclear condensate formation of master lipid-metabolic regulators SREBP1/2, concentrating transcriptional co-activators to drive lipid/cholesterol biosynthesis. Our study highlights the potential of targeting epigenetic silencing to enable CNS myelin regeneration in demyelinating diseases and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuezhao Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Dazhuan Eric Xin
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Xiaowen Zhong
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45229, USA
| | - Chuntao Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Zhidan Li
- Center for Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Disease of Women and Children of MOE, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Liguo Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Adam J Dourson
- Department of Anesthesia, Division of Pain Management, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Lindsay Lee
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Shreya Mishra
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Arman E Bayat
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Eva Nicholson
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - William L Seibel
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Bingfang Yan
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45229, USA
| | - Joel Mason
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3052, Australia
| | - Bradley J Turner
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3052, Australia
| | - David G Gonsalvez
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne 3168, Australia
| | - William Ong
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Biotechnology Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637459, Singapore
| | - Sing Yian Chew
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Biotechnology Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637459, Singapore; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Balaram Ghosh
- Epigenetic Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani Hyderabad Campus, Shamirpet, Hyderabad, India, 500078
| | - Sung Ok Yoon
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Mei Xin
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Zhigang He
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, and Department of Neurology and Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jason Tchieu
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Michael Wegner
- Institut für Biochemie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Klaus-Armin Nave
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Robin J M Franklin
- Altos Labs, Cambridge Institute of Science, Granta Park, Cambridge CB21 6GP, UK
| | - Ranjan Dutta
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Bruce D Trapp
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Ming Hu
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Matthew A Smith
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA; Rebecca D. Considine Research Institute, Akron Children's Hospital, Akron, OH, USA
| | - Michael P Jankowski
- Department of Anesthesia, Division of Pain Management, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Pediatric Pain Research Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Samantha K Barton
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3052, Australia
| | - Xuelian He
- Center for Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Disease of Women and Children of MOE, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China.
| | - Q Richard Lu
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
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Späte E, Zhou B, Sun T, Kusch K, Asadollahi E, Siems SB, Depp C, Werner HB, Saher G, Hirrlinger J, Möbius W, Nave KA, Goebbels S. Downregulated expression of lactate dehydrogenase in adult oligodendrocytes and its implication for the transfer of glycolysis products to axons. Glia 2024. [PMID: 38587131 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Oligodendrocytes and astrocytes are metabolically coupled to neuronal compartments. Pyruvate and lactate can shuttle between glial cells and axons via monocarboxylate transporters. However, lactate can only be synthesized or used in metabolic reactions with the help of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), a tetramer of LDHA and LDHB subunits in varying compositions. Here we show that mice with a cell type-specific disruption of both Ldha and Ldhb genes in oligodendrocytes lack a pathological phenotype that would be indicative of oligodendroglial dysfunctions or lack of axonal metabolic support. Indeed, when combining immunohistochemical, electron microscopical, and in situ hybridization analyses in adult mice, we found that the vast majority of mature oligodendrocytes lack detectable expression of LDH. Even in neurodegenerative disease models and in mice under metabolic stress LDH was not increased. In contrast, at early development and in the remyelinating brain, LDHA was readily detectable in immature oligodendrocytes. Interestingly, by immunoelectron microscopy LDHA was particularly enriched at gap junctions formed between adjacent astrocytes and at junctions between astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. Our data suggest that oligodendrocytes metabolize lactate during development and remyelination. In contrast, for metabolic support of axons mature oligodendrocytes may export their own glycolysis products as pyruvate rather than lactate. Lacking LDH, these oligodendrocytes can also "funnel" lactate through their "myelinic" channels between gap junction-coupled astrocytes and axons without metabolizing it. We suggest a working model, in which the unequal cellular distribution of LDH in white matter tracts facilitates a rapid and efficient transport of glycolysis products among glial and axonal compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Späte
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Baoyu Zhou
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ting Sun
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kathrin Kusch
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
- Institute for Auditory Neuroscience and InnerEarLab, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ebrahim Asadollahi
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sophie B Siems
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Constanze Depp
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Hauke B Werner
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Gesine Saher
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Johannes Hirrlinger
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
- Carl-Ludwig-Institute for Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Wiebke Möbius
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Klaus-Armin Nave
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sandra Goebbels
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
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Xie M, Kaiser M, Gershtein Y, Schnyder D, Deviatiiarov R, Gazizova G, Shagimardanova E, Zikmund T, Kerckhofs G, Ivashkin E, Batkovskyte D, Newton PT, Andersson O, Fried K, Gusev O, Zeberg H, Kaiser J, Adameyko I, Chagin AS. The level of protein in the maternal murine diet modulates the facial appearance of the offspring via mTORC1 signaling. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2367. [PMID: 38531868 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46030-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The development of craniofacial skeletal structures is fascinatingly complex and elucidation of the underlying mechanisms will not only provide novel scientific insights, but also help develop more effective clinical approaches to the treatment and/or prevention of the numerous congenital craniofacial malformations. To this end, we performed a genome-wide analysis of RNA transcription from non-coding regulatory elements by CAGE-sequencing of the facial mesenchyme of human embryos and cross-checked the active enhancers thus identified against genes, identified by GWAS for the normal range human facial appearance. Among the identified active cis-enhancers, several belonged to the components of the PI3/AKT/mTORC1/autophagy pathway. To assess the functional role of this pathway, we manipulated it both genetically and pharmacologically in mice and zebrafish. These experiments revealed that mTORC1 signaling modulates craniofacial shaping at the stage of skeletal mesenchymal condensations, with subsequent fine-tuning during clonal intercalation. This ability of mTORC1 pathway to modulate facial shaping, along with its evolutionary conservation and ability to sense external stimuli, in particular dietary amino acids, indicate that the mTORC1 pathway may play a role in facial phenotypic plasticity. Indeed, the level of protein in the diet of pregnant female mice influenced the activity of mTORC1 in fetal craniofacial structures and altered the size of skeletogenic clones, thus exerting an impact on the local geometry and craniofacial shaping. Overall, our findings indicate that the mTORC1 signaling pathway is involved in the effect of environmental conditions on the shaping of craniofacial structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Xie
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institute, Flemingsberg, Sweden
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Markéta Kaiser
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Yaakov Gershtein
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniela Schnyder
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ruslan Deviatiiarov
- Regulatory Genomics Research Center, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
- Endocrinology Research Center, Moscow, Russia
- Life Improvement by Future Technologies (LIFT) Center, Moscow, Russia
- Intractable Disease Research Center, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Guzel Gazizova
- Regulatory Genomics Research Center, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Elena Shagimardanova
- Regulatory Genomics Research Center, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
- Life Improvement by Future Technologies (LIFT) Center, Moscow, Russia
| | - Tomáš Zikmund
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Greet Kerckhofs
- Biomechanics Lab, Institute of Mechanics, Materials, and Civil Engineering (iMMC), UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
- Pole of Morphology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), UCLouvain, Woluwe, Belgium
- Department of Materials Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Prometheus, Division for Skeletal Tissue Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Evgeny Ivashkin
- A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Developmental and Comparative Physiology, N.K. Koltsov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Dominyka Batkovskyte
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Phillip T Newton
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Astrid Lindgren Children's hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Olov Andersson
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kaj Fried
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Oleg Gusev
- Regulatory Genomics Research Center, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
- Endocrinology Research Center, Moscow, Russia
- Life Improvement by Future Technologies (LIFT) Center, Moscow, Russia
- Intractable Disease Research Center, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hugo Zeberg
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jozef Kaiser
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Igor Adameyko
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Andrei S Chagin
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Ishibashi S, Kamei N, Tsuchikawa Y, Nakamae T, Akimoto T, Miyaki S, Adachi N. Myelin-Specific microRNA-23a/b Cluster Deletion Inhibits Myelination in the Central Nervous System during Postnatal Growth and Aging. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:402. [PMID: 38674338 PMCID: PMC11049049 DOI: 10.3390/genes15040402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Microribonucleic acids (miRNAs) comprising miR-23a/b clusters, specifically miR-23a and miR-27a, are recognized for their divergent roles in myelination within the central nervous system. However, cluster-specific miRNA functions remain controversial as miRNAs within the same cluster have been suggested to function complementarily. This study aims to clarify the role of miR-23a/b clusters in myelination using mice with a miR-23a/b cluster deletion (KO mice), specifically in myelin expressing proteolipid protein (PLP). Inducible conditional KO mice were generated by crossing miR-23a/b clusterflox/flox mice with PlpCre-ERT2 mice; the offspring were injected with tamoxifen at 10 days or 10 weeks of age to induce a myelin-specific miR-23a/b cluster deletion. Evaluation was performed at 10 weeks or 12 months of age and compared with control mice that were not treated with tamoxifen. KO mice exhibit impaired motor function and hypoplastic myelin sheaths in the brain and spinal cord at 10 weeks and 12 months of age. Simultaneously, significant decreases in myelin basic protein (MBP) and PLP expression occur in KO mice. The percentages of oligodendrocyte precursors and mature oligodendrocytes are consistent between the KO and control mice. However, the proportion of oligodendrocytes expressing MBP is significantly lower in KO mice. Moreover, changes in protein expression occur in KO mice, with increased leucine zipper-like transcriptional regulator 1 expression, decreased R-RAS expression, and decreased phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases. These findings highlight the significant influence of miR-23a/b clusters on myelination during postnatal growth and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeki Ishibashi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan; (S.I.); (T.N.); (S.M.); (N.A.)
| | - Naosuke Kamei
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan; (S.I.); (T.N.); (S.M.); (N.A.)
| | - Yuji Tsuchikawa
- Orthopedics and Micro-Surgical Spine Center, Hiroshima City North Medical Center Asa Citizens Hospital, Hiroshima 731-0293, Japan;
| | - Toshio Nakamae
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan; (S.I.); (T.N.); (S.M.); (N.A.)
| | - Takayuki Akimoto
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa 359-1192, Japan;
| | - Shigeru Miyaki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan; (S.I.); (T.N.); (S.M.); (N.A.)
- Medical Center for Translational and Clinical Research, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
| | - Nobuo Adachi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan; (S.I.); (T.N.); (S.M.); (N.A.)
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Grove M, Kim H, Pang S, Amaya JP, Hu G, Zhou J, Lemay M, Son YJ. TEAD1 is crucial for developmental myelination, Remak bundles, and functional regeneration of peripheral nerves. eLife 2024; 13:e87394. [PMID: 38456457 PMCID: PMC10959528 DOI: 10.7554/elife.87394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Previously we showed that the hippo pathway transcriptional effectors, YAP and TAZ, are essential for Schwann cells (SCs) to develop, maintain and regenerate myelin . Although TEAD1 has been implicated as a partner transcription factor, the mechanisms by which it mediates YAP/TAZ regulation of SC myelination are unclear. Here, using conditional and inducible knockout mice, we show that TEAD1 is crucial for SCs to develop and regenerate myelin. It promotes myelination by both positively and negatively regulating SC proliferation, enabling Krox20/Egr2 to upregulate myelin proteins, and upregulating the cholesterol biosynthetic enzymes FDPS and IDI1. We also show stage-dependent redundancy of TEAD1 and that non-myelinating SCs have a unique requirement for TEAD1 to enwrap nociceptive axons in Remak bundles. Our findings establish TEAD1 as a major partner of YAP/TAZ in developmental myelination and functional nerve regeneration and as a novel transcription factor regulating Remak bundle integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Grove
- Department of Neural Sciences, Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple UniversityPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Hyukmin Kim
- Department of Neural Sciences, Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple UniversityPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Shuhuan Pang
- Department of Neural Sciences, Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple UniversityPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Jose Paz Amaya
- Department of Bioengineering, Temple UniversityPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Guoqing Hu
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta UniversityAugustaUnited States
| | - Jiliang Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta UniversityAugustaUnited States
| | - Michel Lemay
- Department of Bioengineering, Temple UniversityPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Young-Jin Son
- Department of Neural Sciences, Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple UniversityPhiladelphiaUnited States
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7
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Grove M, Kim H, Pang S, Amaya JP, Hu G, Zhou J, Lemay M, Son YJ. TEAD1 is crucial for developmental myelination, Remak bundles, and functional regeneration of peripheral nerves. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.02.27.530298. [PMID: 38293102 PMCID: PMC10827063 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.27.530298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Previously we showed that the hippo pathway transcriptional effectors, YAP and TAZ, are essential for Schwann cells (SCs) to develop, maintain and regenerate myelin (Grove et al., 2017; Grove, Lee, Zhao, & Son, 2020). Although TEAD1 has been implicated as a partner transcription factor, the mechanisms by which it mediates YAP/TAZ regulation of SC myelination are unclear. Here, using conditional and inducible knockout mice, we show that TEAD1 is crucial for SCs to develop and regenerate myelin. It promotes myelination by both positively and negatively regulating SC proliferation, enabling Krox20/Egr2 to upregulate myelin proteins, and upregulating the cholesterol biosynthetic enzymes FDPS and IDI1. We also show stage-dependent redundancy of TEAD1 and that non-myelinating SCs have a unique requirement for TEAD1 to enwrap nociceptive axons in Remak bundles. Our findings establish TEAD1 as a major partner of YAP/TAZ in developmental myelination and functional nerve regeneration and as a novel transcription factor regulating Remak bundle integrity.
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8
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Doan RA, Monk KR. Dock1 acts cell-autonomously in Schwann cells to regulate the development, maintenance, and repair of peripheral myelin. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.26.564271. [PMID: 37961336 PMCID: PMC10634861 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.26.564271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Schwann cells, the myelinating glia of the peripheral nervous system (PNS), are critical for myelin development, maintenance, and repair. Rac1 is a known regulator of radial sorting, a key step in developmental myelination, and we previously showed in zebrafish that loss of Dock1, a Rac1-specific guanine nucleotide exchange factor, results in delayed peripheral myelination in development. We demonstrate here that Dock1 is necessary for myelin maintenance and remyelination after injury in adult zebrafish. Furthermore, it performs an evolutionary conserved role in mice, acting cell-autonomously in Schwann cells to regulate peripheral myelin development, maintenance, and repair. Additionally, manipulating Rac1 levels in larval zebrafish reveals that dock1 mutants are sensitized to inhibition of Rac1, suggesting an interaction between the two proteins during PNS development. We propose that the interplay between Dock1 and Rac1 signaling in Schwann cells is required to establish, maintain, and facilitate repair and remyelination within the peripheral nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan A Doan
- The Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Kelly R Monk
- The Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
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9
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Seixas AI, Morais MRG, Brakebusch C, Relvas JB. A RhoA-mediated biomechanical response in Schwann cells modulates peripheral nerve myelination. Prog Neurobiol 2023:102481. [PMID: 37315917 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2023.102481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Myelin improves axonal conduction velocity and is essential for nerve development and regeneration. In peripheral nerves, Schwann cells depend on bidirectional mechanical and biochemical signaling to form the myelin sheath but the mechanism underlying this process is not understood. Rho GTPases are integrators of "outside-in" signaling that link cytoskeletal dynamics with cellular architecture to regulate morphology and adhesion. Using Schwann cell-specific gene inactivation in the mouse, we discovered that RhoA promotes the initiation of myelination, and is required to both drive and terminate myelin growth at different stages of peripheral myelination, suggesting developmentally-specific modes of action. In Schwann cells, RhoA targets actin filament turnover, via Cofilin 1, actomyosin contractility and cortical actin-membrane attachments. This mechanism couples actin cortex mechanics with the molecular organization of the cell boundary to target specific signaling networks that regulate axon-Schwann cell interaction/adhesion and myelin growth. This work shows that RhoA is a key component of a biomechanical response required to control Schwann cell state transitions for proper myelination of peripheral nerves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana I Seixas
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Portugal; IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Miguel R G Morais
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Portugal; IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | | | - João B Relvas
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Portugal; IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Dept of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
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10
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Bai X, Zhao N, Koupourtidou C, Fang LP, Schwarz V, Caudal LC, Zhao R, Hirrlinger J, Walz W, Bian S, Huang W, Ninkovic J, Kirchhoff F, Scheller A. In the mouse cortex, oligodendrocytes regain a plastic capacity, transforming into astrocytes after acute injury. Dev Cell 2023:S1534-5807(23)00192-2. [PMID: 37220747 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2023.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Acute brain injuries evoke various response cascades directing the formation of the glial scar. Here, we report that acute lesions associated with hemorrhagic injuries trigger a re-programming of oligodendrocytes. Single-cell RNA sequencing highlighted a subpopulation of oligodendrocytes activating astroglial genes after acute brain injuries. By using PLP-DsRed1/GFAP-EGFP and PLP-EGFPmem/GFAP-mRFP1 transgenic mice, we visualized this population of oligodendrocytes that we termed AO cells based on their concomitant activity of astro- and oligodendroglial genes. By fate mapping using PLP- and GFAP-split Cre complementation and repeated chronic in vivo imaging with two-photon laser-scanning microscopy, we observed the conversion of oligodendrocytes into astrocytes via the AO cell stage. Such conversion was promoted by local injection of IL-6 and was diminished by IL-6 receptor-neutralizing antibody as well as by inhibiting microglial activation with minocycline. In summary, our findings highlight the plastic potential of oligodendrocytes in acute brain trauma due to microglia-derived IL-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianshu Bai
- Molecular Physiology, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Saarland, 66421 Homburg, Germany.
| | - Na Zhao
- Molecular Physiology, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Saarland, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Christina Koupourtidou
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany; Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, 85764 Neuherberg-Munich, Germany
| | - Li-Pao Fang
- Molecular Physiology, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Saarland, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Veronika Schwarz
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany; Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, 85764 Neuherberg-Munich, Germany
| | - Laura C Caudal
- Molecular Physiology, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Saarland, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Renping Zhao
- Molecular Physiology, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Saarland, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Hirrlinger
- Carl-Ludwig-Institute for Physiology, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Department of Neurogenetics, Max-Planck-Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Walz
- Molecular Physiology, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Saarland, 66421 Homburg, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Shan Bian
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, 200092 Shanghai, China; Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, Tongji University, 200092 Shanghai, China
| | - Wenhui Huang
- Molecular Physiology, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Saarland, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Jovica Ninkovic
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany; Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, 85764 Neuherberg-Munich, Germany
| | - Frank Kirchhoff
- Molecular Physiology, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Saarland, 66421 Homburg, Germany; Experimental Research Center for Normal and Pathological Aging, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Anja Scheller
- Molecular Physiology, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Saarland, 66421 Homburg, Germany.
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11
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Schlett JS, Mettang M, Skaf A, Schweizer P, Errerd A, Mulugeta EA, Hein TM, Tsesmelis K, Tsesmelis M, Büttner UFG, Wendt H, Abaei A, Rasche V, Prex V, Nespoli E, Alami NO, Tews D, Walther P, Yilmazer-Hanke D, Oswald F, Dimou L, Wirth T, Baumann B. NF-κB is a critical mediator of post-mitotic senescence in oligodendrocytes and subsequent white matter loss. Mol Neurodegener 2023; 18:24. [PMID: 37069623 PMCID: PMC10108549 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-023-00616-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammaging represents an accepted concept where the immune system shifts to a low-grade chronic pro-inflammatory state without overt infection upon aging. In the CNS, inflammaging is mainly driven by glia cells and associated with neurodegenerative processes. White matter degeneration (WMD), a well-known process in the aging brain, manifests in myelin loss finally resulting in motor, sensory and cognitive impairments. Oligodendrocytes (OL) are responsible for homeostasis and maintenance of the myelin sheaths, which is a complex and highly energy demanding process sensitizing these cells to metabolic, oxidative and other forms of stress. Yet, the immediate impact of chronic inflammatory stress like inflammaging on OL homeostasis, myelin maintenance and WMD remains open. METHODS To functionally analyze the role of IKK/NF-κB signaling in the regulation of myelin homeostasis and maintenance in the adult CNS, we established a conditional mouse model allowing NF-κB activation in mature myelinating oligodendrocytes. IKK2-CAPLP-CreERT2 mice were characterized by biochemical, immunohistochemical, ultrastructural and behavioral analyses. Transcriptome data from isolated, primary OLs and microglia cells were explored by in silico pathway analysis and validated by complementary molecular approaches. RESULTS Chronic NF-κB activation in mature OLs leads to aggravated neuroinflammatory conditions phenocopying brain inflammaging. As a consequence, IKK2-CAPLP-CreERT2 mice showed specific neurological deficits and impaired motoric learning. Upon aging, persistent NF-κB signaling promotes WMD in these mice as ultrastructural analysis revealed myelination deficits in the corpus callosum accompanied by impaired myelin protein expression. RNA-Seq analysis of primary oligodendrocytes and microglia cells uncovers gene expression signatures associated with activated stress responses and increased post mitotic cellular senescence (PoMiCS) which was confirmed by elevated senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity and SASP gene expression profile. We identified an elevated integrated stress response (ISR) characterized by phosphorylation of eIF2α as a relevant molecular mechanism which is able to affect translation of myelin proteins. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate an essential role of IKK/NF-κB signaling in mature, post-mitotic OLs in regulating stress-induced senescence in these cells. Moreover, our study identifies PoMICS as an important driving force of age-dependent WMD as well as of traumatic brain injury induced myelin defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Stefanie Schlett
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Ulm University, Albert- Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Melanie Mettang
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Ulm University, Albert- Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Aladdin Skaf
- Molecular and Translational Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Ulm, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Pavel Schweizer
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Ulm University, Albert- Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Alina Errerd
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Ulm University, Albert- Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Tabea Melissa Hein
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Ulm University, Albert- Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Konstantinos Tsesmelis
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Ulm University, Albert- Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Miltiadis Tsesmelis
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Ulm University, Albert- Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Ulrike F G Büttner
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Ulm University, Albert- Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Heinrich Wendt
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Ulm University, Albert- Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Alireza Abaei
- Core Facility Small Animal Imaging (CF-SANI), Ulm University, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Volker Rasche
- Core Facility Small Animal Imaging (CF-SANI), Ulm University, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Vivien Prex
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Ulm University, Albert- Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Ester Nespoli
- Molecular and Translational Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Ulm, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Najwa Ouali Alami
- Institute of Clinical Neuroanatomy, Ulm University, Helmholtzstraße 8/1, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Daniel Tews
- Core Facility Extracellular Flux Analyzer, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Paul Walther
- Central Facility for Electron Microscopy, Ulm University, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Deniz Yilmazer-Hanke
- Institute of Clinical Neuroanatomy, Ulm University, Helmholtzstraße 8/1, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Franz Oswald
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Center for Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Leda Dimou
- Molecular and Translational Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Ulm, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Thomas Wirth
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Ulm University, Albert- Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Bernd Baumann
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Ulm University, Albert- Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany.
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12
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Fazal SV, Mutschler C, Chen CZ, Turmaine M, Chen CY, Hsueh YP, Ibañez-Grau A, Loreto A, Casillas-Bajo A, Cabedo H, Franklin RJM, Barker RA, Monk KR, Steventon BJ, Coleman MP, Gomez-Sanchez JA, Arthur-Farraj P. SARM1 detection in myelinating glia: sarm1/ Sarm1 is dispensable for PNS and CNS myelination in zebrafish and mice. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1158388. [PMID: 37091921 PMCID: PMC10113485 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1158388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Since SARM1 mutations have been identified in human neurological disease, SARM1 inhibition has become an attractive therapeutic strategy to preserve axons in a variety of disorders of the peripheral (PNS) and central nervous system (CNS). While SARM1 has been extensively studied in neurons, it remains unknown whether SARM1 is present and functional in myelinating glia? This is an important question to address. Firstly, to identify whether SARM1 dysfunction in other cell types in the nervous system may contribute to neuropathology in SARM1 dependent diseases? Secondly, to ascertain whether therapies altering SARM1 function may have unintended deleterious impacts on PNS or CNS myelination? Surprisingly, we find that oligodendrocytes express sarm1 mRNA in the zebrafish spinal cord and that SARM1 protein is readily detectable in rodent oligodendrocytes in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, activation of endogenous SARM1 in cultured oligodendrocytes induces rapid cell death. In contrast, in peripheral glia, SARM1 protein is not detectable in Schwann cells and satellite glia in vivo and sarm1/Sarm1 mRNA is detected at very low levels in Schwann cells, in vivo, in zebrafish and mouse. Application of specific SARM1 activators to cultured mouse Schwann cells does not induce cell death and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) levels remain unaltered suggesting Schwann cells likely contain no functionally relevant levels of SARM1. Finally, we address the question of whether SARM1 is required for myelination or myelin maintenance. In the zebrafish and mouse PNS and CNS, we show that SARM1 is not required for initiation of myelination and myelin sheath maintenance is unaffected in the adult mouse nervous system. Thus, strategies to inhibit SARM1 function to treat neurological disease are unlikely to perturb myelination in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaline V. Fazal
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Clara Mutschler
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Civia Z. Chen
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Turmaine
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Chiung-Ya Chen
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ping Hsueh
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Andrea Ibañez-Grau
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Alicante, Spain
| | - Andrea Loreto
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Angeles Casillas-Bajo
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Alicante, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain
| | - Hugo Cabedo
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Alicante, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain
| | - Robin J. M. Franklin
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Altos Labs - Cambridge Institute of Science, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Roger A. Barker
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Kelly R. Monk
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | | | - Michael P. Coleman
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jose A. Gomez-Sanchez
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Alicante, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain
- Millennium Nucleus for the Study of Pain (MiNuSPain), Santiago, Chile
| | - Peter Arthur-Farraj
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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13
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Procacci NM, Hastings RL, Aziz AA, Christiansen NM, Zhao J, DeAngeli C, LeBlanc N, Notterpek L, Valdez G, Gould TW. Kir4.1 is specifically expressed and active in non-myelinating Schwann cells. Glia 2023; 71:926-944. [PMID: 36479906 PMCID: PMC9931657 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Non-myelinating Schwann cells (NMSC) play important roles in peripheral nervous system formation and function. However, the molecular identity of these cells remains poorly defined. We provide evidence that Kir4.1, an inward-rectifying K+ channel encoded by the KCNJ10 gene, is specifically expressed and active in NMSC. Immunostaining revealed that Kir4.1 is present in terminal/perisynaptic SCs (TPSC), synaptic glia at neuromuscular junctions (NMJ), but not in myelinating SCs (MSC) of adult mice. To further examine the expression pattern of Kir4.1, we generated BAC transgenic Kir4.1-CreERT2 mice and crossed them to the tdTomato reporter line. Activation of CreERT2 with tamoxifen after the completion of myelination onset led to robust expression of tdTomato in NMSC, including Remak Schwann cells (RSC) along peripheral nerves and TPSC, but not in MSC. In contrast, activating CreERT2 before and during the onset of myelination led to tdTomato expression in NMSC and MSC. These observations suggest that immature SC express Kir4.1, and its expression is then downregulated selectively in myelin-forming SC. In support, we found that while activating CreERT2 induces tdTomato expression in immature SC, it fails to induce tdTomato in MSC associated with sensory axons in culture. NMSC derived from neonatal sciatic nerve were shown to express Kir4.1 and exhibit barium-sensitive inwardly rectifying macroscopic K+ currents. Thus, this study identified Kir4.1 as a potential modulator of immature SC and NMSC function. Additionally, it established a novel transgenic mouse line to introduce or delete genes in NMSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole M Procacci
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada, USA
| | - Robert Louis Hastings
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Aamir A Aziz
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada, USA
| | - Nina M Christiansen
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada, USA
| | - Jie Zhao
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada, USA
| | - Claire DeAngeli
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada, USA
| | - Normand LeBlanc
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada, USA
| | - Lucia Notterpek
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada, USA
| | - Gregorio Valdez
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Thomas W Gould
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada, USA
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14
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Yu L, Liu M, Li F, Wang Q, Wang M, So KF, Qu Y, Zhou L. Celsr2 Knockout Alleviates Inhibitory Synaptic Stripping and Benefits Motoneuron Survival and Axon Regeneration After Branchial Plexus Avulsion. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:1884-1900. [PMID: 36593433 PMCID: PMC9984348 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-03198-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Axotomy-induced synaptic stripping modulates survival and axon regeneration of injured motoneurons. Celsr2 is supposed to mediate homophilic interactions of neighboring cells during development, and its role in synaptic stripping remains unknow. In a model of brachial plexus avulsion, Celsr2 knockout improved functional recovery, motoneuron survival, and axon regeneration. Celsr2 was indicated to express in spinal motoneurons, excitatory and inhibitory interneurons, astrocytes, and a subset of oligodendrocytes using Celsr2LacZ mice. Double immunostaining showed that the coverage of inhibitory and excitatory vesicles on injured motoneurons were remarkably reduced after injury, whereas more inhibitory vesicles were maintained in Celsr2-/- mutants than control mice. In the ultrastructure, the density of inhibitory F-boutons on injured motoneurons was higher in Celsr2-/- mutants than controls. Conditional knockout of Celsr2 in astrocytes or oligodendrocytes showed the similar axotomy-induced synaptic withdrawal to the control. RNAseq of injured spinal samples identified 12 MHC I molecules with significant changes between Celsr2-/- and control mice. After injury, expression of MHC I surrounding injured motoneurons was increased, particularly high in Celsr2-/- mutants. In conclusion, Celsr2 knockout enhances MHC I signaling, alleviates inhibitory synaptic stripping cell-autonomously, and contributes to motoneuron survival and regeneration, and Celsr2 is a potential target for neural repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingtai Yu
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau CNS Regeneration Institute of Jinan University, Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Jinan University)-Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengfan Liu
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau CNS Regeneration Institute of Jinan University, Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Jinan University)-Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Fuxiang Li
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau CNS Regeneration Institute of Jinan University, Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Jinan University)-Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianghua Wang
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau CNS Regeneration Institute of Jinan University, Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Jinan University)-Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Meizhi Wang
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau CNS Regeneration Institute of Jinan University, Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Jinan University)-Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Kwok-Fai So
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau CNS Regeneration Institute of Jinan University, Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Jinan University)-Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510632, People's Republic of China.,Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, The First Affiliated Hospital & Clinical Neuroscience Institute of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, People's Republic of China.,Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation Institute, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, People's Republic of China.,Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yibo Qu
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau CNS Regeneration Institute of Jinan University, Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Jinan University)-Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510632, People's Republic of China.,Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Libing Zhou
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau CNS Regeneration Institute of Jinan University, Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Jinan University)-Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510632, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, The First Affiliated Hospital & Clinical Neuroscience Institute of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, People's Republic of China. .,Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation Institute, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, People's Republic of China. .,Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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15
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Liu J, Ma X, Hu X, Wen J, Zhang H, Xu J, He Y, Wang X, Guo J. Schwann cell‐specific
RhoA
knockout accelerates peripheral nerve regeneration via promoting Schwann cell dedifferentiation. Glia 2023; 71:1715-1728. [PMID: 36971019 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Our previous studies indicated that RhoA knockdown or inhibition could alleviate the proliferation, migration, and differentiation of Schwann cells. However, the role of RhoA in Schwann cells during nerve injury and repair is still unknown. Herein, we developed two lines of Schwann cells conditional RhoA knockout (cKO) mice by breeding RhoAflox / flox mice with PlpCre -ERT2 or DhhCre mice. Our results indicate that RhoA cKO in Schwann cells accelerates axonal regrowth and remyelination after sciatic nerve injury, which enhances the recovery of nerve conduction and hindlimb gait, and alleviates the amyotrophy in gastrocnemius muscle. Mechanistic studies in both in vivo and in vitro models revealed that RhoA cKO could facilitate Schwann cell dedifferentiation via JNK pathway. Schwann cell dedifferentiation subsequently promotes Wallerian degeneration by enhancing phagocytosis and myelinophagy, as well as stimulating the production of neurotrophins (NT-3, NGF, BDNF, and GDNF). These findings shed light on the role of RhoA in Schwann cells during nerve injury and repair, indicating that cell type-specific RhoA targeting could serve as a promising molecular therapeutic strategy for peripheral nerve injury.
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16
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Kruglov O, Vats K, Soman V, Tyurin VA, Tyurina YY, Wang J, Williams L, Zhang J, Donahue Carey C, Jaklitsch E, Chandran UR, Bayir H, Kagan VE, Bunimovich YL. Melanoma-associated repair-like Schwann cells suppress anti-tumor T-cells via 12/15-LOX/COX2-associated eicosanoid production. Oncoimmunology 2023; 12:2192098. [PMID: 36998620 PMCID: PMC10044150 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2023.2192098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Peripheral glia, specifically the Schwann cells (SCs), have been implicated in the formation of the tumor microenvironment (TME) and in cancer progression. However, in vivo and ex vivo analyses of how cancers reprogram SC functions in different organs of tumor-bearing mice are lacking. We generated Plp1-CreERT/tdTomato mice which harbor fluorescently labeled myelinated and non-myelin forming SCs. We show that this model enables the isolation of the SCs with high purity from the skin and multiple other organs. We used this model to study phenotypic and functional reprogramming of the SCs in the skin adjacent to melanoma tumors. Transcriptomic analyses of the peritumoral skin SCs versus skin SCs from tumor-free mice revealed that the former existed in a repair-like state typically activated during nerve and tissue injury. Peritumoral skin SCs also downregulated pro-inflammatory genes and pathways related to protective anti-tumor responses. In vivo and ex vivo functional assays confirmed immunosuppressive activities of the peritumoral skin SCs. Specifically, melanoma-reprogrammed SCs upregulated 12/15-lipoxygenase (12/15-LOX) and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, and increased production of anti-inflammatory polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) metabolites prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and lipoxins A4/B4. Inhibition of 12/15-LOX or COX2 in SCs, or EP4 receptor on lymphocytes reversed SC-dependent suppression of anti-tumor T-cell activation. Therefore, SCs within the skin adjacent to melanoma tumors demonstrate functional switching to repair-like immunosuppressive cells with dysregulated lipid oxidation. Our study suggests the involvement of the melanoma-associated repair-like peritumoral SCs in the modulation of locoregional and systemic anti-tumor immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg Kruglov
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kavita Vats
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Vishal Soman
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Vladimir A. Tyurin
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, Department of Environmental Health and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yulia Y. Tyurina
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, Department of Environmental Health and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jiefei Wang
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Li’an Williams
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jiying Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Cara Donahue Carey
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Erik Jaklitsch
- School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Uma R. Chandran
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Hülya Bayir
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, Department of Environmental Health and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Children’s Neuroscience Institute, UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Valerian E. Kagan
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, Department of Environmental Health and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Children’s Neuroscience Institute, UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Hillman Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yuri L. Bunimovich
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, Department of Environmental Health and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Hillman Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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17
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Ktena N, Kaplanis SI, Kolotuev I, Georgilis A, Kallergi E, Stavroulaki V, Nikoletopoulou V, Savvaki M, Karagogeos D. Autophagic degradation of CNS myelin maintains axon integrity. Cell Stress 2022; 6:93-107. [PMID: 36478958 PMCID: PMC9707329 DOI: 10.15698/cst2022.12.274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
(Macro)autophagy is a major lysosome-dependent degradation mechanism which engulfs, removes and recycles unwanted cytoplasmic material, including damaged organelles and toxic protein aggregates. Although a few studies implicate autophagy in CNS demyelinating pathologies, its role, particularly in mature oligodendrocytes and CNS myelin, remains poorly studied. Here, using both pharmacological and genetic inhibition of the autophagic machinery, we provide evidence that autophagy is an essential mechanism for oligodendrocyte maturation in vitro. Our study reveals that two core myelin proteins, namely proteolipid protein (PLP) and myelin basic protein (MBP) are incorporated into autophagosomes in oligodendrocytes, resulting in their degradation. Furthermore, we ablated atg5, a core gene of the autophagic machinery, specifically in myelinating glial cells in vivo by tamoxifen administration (plp-Cre ERT2 ; atg5 f/f ) and showed that myelin maintenance is perturbed, leading to PLP accumulation. Significant morphological defects in myelin membrane such as decompaction accompanied with increased axonal degeneration are observed. As a result, the mice exhibit behavioral deficits. In summary, our data highlight that the maintenance of adult myelin homeostasis in the CNS requires the involvement of a fully functional autophagic machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niki Ktena
- School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, FORTH, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Stefanos Ioannis Kaplanis
- School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, FORTH, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Irina Kolotuev
- Electron Microscopy Facility (PME), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Emmanouela Kallergi
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences (DNF), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Vasiliki Stavroulaki
- School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, FORTH, Heraklion, Greece
| | | | - Maria Savvaki
- School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, FORTH, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Domna Karagogeos
- School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, FORTH, Heraklion, Greece
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18
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Wang J, Yang L, Jiang M, Zhao C, Liu X, Berry K, Waisman A, Langseth AJ, Novitch BG, Bergles DE, Nishiyama A, Lu QR. Olig2 Ablation in Immature Oligodendrocytes Does Not Enhance CNS Myelination and Remyelination. J Neurosci 2022; 42:8542-8555. [PMID: 36198499 PMCID: PMC9665935 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0237-22.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The oligodendrocyte (OL) lineage transcription factor Olig2 is expressed throughout oligodendroglial development and is essential for oligodendroglial progenitor specification and differentiation. It was previously reported that deletion of Olig2 enhanced the maturation and myelination of immature OLs and accelerated the remyelination process. However, by analyzing multiple Olig2 conditional KO mouse lines (male and female), we conclude that Olig2 has the opposite effect and is required for OL maturation and remyelination. We found that deletion of Olig2 in immature OLs driven by an immature OL-expressing Plp1 promoter resulted in defects in OL maturation and myelination, and did not enhance remyelination after demyelination. Similarly, Olig2 deletion during premyelinating stages in immature OLs using Mobp or Mog promoter-driven Cre lines also did not enhance OL maturation in the CNS. Further, we found that Olig2 was not required for myelin maintenance in mature OLs but was critical for remyelination after lysolecithin-induced demyelinating injury. Analysis of genomic occupancy in immature and mature OLs revealed that Olig2 targets the enhancers of key myelination-related genes for OL maturation from immature OLs. Together, by leveraging multiple immature OL-expressing Cre lines, these studies indicate that Olig2 is essential for differentiation and myelination of immature OLs and myelin repair. Our findings raise fundamental questions about the previously proposed role of Olig2 in opposing OL myelination and highlight the importance of using Cre-dependent reporter(s) for lineage tracing in studying cell state progression.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Identification of the regulators that promote oligodendrocyte (OL) myelination and remyelination is important for promoting myelin repair in devastating demyelinating diseases. Olig2 is expressed throughout OL lineage development. Ablation of Olig2 was reported to induce maturation, myelination, and remyelination from immature OLs. However, lineage-mapping analysis of Olig2-ablated cells was not conducted. Here, by leveraging multiple immature OL-expressing Cre lines, we observed no evidence that Olig2 ablation promotes maturation or remyelination of immature OLs. Instead, we find that Olig2 is required for immature OL maturation, myelination, and myelin repair. These data raise fundamental questions about the proposed inhibitory role of Olig2 against OL maturation and remyelination. Our findings highlight the importance of validating genetic manipulation with cell lineage tracing in studying myelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229
| | - Lijun Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229
| | - Minqing Jiang
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229
| | - Chuntao Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229
| | - Xuezhao Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229
| | - Kalen Berry
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229
| | - Ari Waisman
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, Langenbeckstrasse 1, Mainz, 55131, Germany
| | - Abraham J Langseth
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Bennett G Novitch
- Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Dwight E Bergles
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
- Johns Hopkins Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Akiko Nishiyama
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, 06269
| | - Q Richard Lu
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229
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19
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Hamzaoui M, Groussard D, Nezam D, Djerada Z, Lamy G, Tardif V, Dumesnil A, Renet S, Brunel V, Peters DJ, Chevalier L, Hanoy M, Mulder P, Richard V, Bellien J, Guerrot D. Endothelium-Specific Deficiency of Polycystin-1 Promotes Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disorders. Hypertension 2022; 79:2542-2551. [DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.122.19057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease is the most frequent hereditary kidney disease and is generally due to mutations in
PKD1
and
PKD2
, encoding polycystins 1 and 2. In autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease, hypertension and cardiovascular disorders are highly prevalent, but their mechanisms are partially understood.
Methods:
Since endothelial cells express the polycystin complex, where it plays a central role in the mechanotransduction of blood flow, we generated a murine model with inducible deletion of
Pkd1
in endothelial cells (
Cdh5-Cre
ERT2
;
Pkd1
fl/fl
) to specifically determine the role of endothelial polycystin-1 in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease.
Results:
Endothelial deletion of
Pkd1
induced endothelial dysfunction, as demonstrated by impaired flow-mediated dilatation of resistance arteries and impaired relaxation to acetylcholine, increased blood pressure and prevented the normal development of arteriovenous fistula. In experimental chronic kidney disease induced by subtotal nephrectomy, endothelial deletion of
Pkd1
further aggravated endothelial dysfunction, vascular remodeling, and heart hypertrophy.
Conclusions:
Altogether, this study provides the first in vivo demonstration that specific deletion of
Pkd1
in endothelial cells promotes endothelial dysfunction and hypertension, impairs arteriovenous fistula development, and potentiates the cardiovascular alterations associated with chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mouad Hamzaoui
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1096, Rouen, France (M.H., D.G., D.N., Z.D., G.L., V.T., A.D., S.R., P.M., V.R., J.B., D.G.)
- Nephrology Department, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France (M.H., D.N., G.L., M.H., D.G.)
| | - Deborah Groussard
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1096, Rouen, France (M.H., D.G., D.N., Z.D., G.L., V.T., A.D., S.R., P.M., V.R., J.B., D.G.)
| | - Dorian Nezam
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1096, Rouen, France (M.H., D.G., D.N., Z.D., G.L., V.T., A.D., S.R., P.M., V.R., J.B., D.G.)
- Nephrology Department, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France (M.H., D.N., G.L., M.H., D.G.)
| | - Zoubir Djerada
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1096, Rouen, France (M.H., D.G., D.N., Z.D., G.L., V.T., A.D., S.R., P.M., V.R., J.B., D.G.)
- Pharmacology Department, Reims University Hospital, Reims, France (Z.D.)
| | - Gaspard Lamy
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1096, Rouen, France (M.H., D.G., D.N., Z.D., G.L., V.T., A.D., S.R., P.M., V.R., J.B., D.G.)
- Nephrology Department, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France (M.H., D.N., G.L., M.H., D.G.)
| | - Virginie Tardif
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1096, Rouen, France (M.H., D.G., D.N., Z.D., G.L., V.T., A.D., S.R., P.M., V.R., J.B., D.G.)
| | - Anais Dumesnil
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1096, Rouen, France (M.H., D.G., D.N., Z.D., G.L., V.T., A.D., S.R., P.M., V.R., J.B., D.G.)
| | - Sylvanie Renet
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1096, Rouen, France (M.H., D.G., D.N., Z.D., G.L., V.T., A.D., S.R., P.M., V.R., J.B., D.G.)
| | - Valery Brunel
- Biochemistry Department, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France (V.B.)
| | - Dorien J.M. Peters
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands (D.J.M.P.)
| | - Laurence Chevalier
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, GPM, UMR CNRS 6634, Saint Etienne de Rouvray (L.C.)
| | - Mélanie Hanoy
- Nephrology Department, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France (M.H., D.N., G.L., M.H., D.G.)
| | - Paul Mulder
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1096, Rouen, France (M.H., D.G., D.N., Z.D., G.L., V.T., A.D., S.R., P.M., V.R., J.B., D.G.)
| | - Vincent Richard
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1096, Rouen, France (M.H., D.G., D.N., Z.D., G.L., V.T., A.D., S.R., P.M., V.R., J.B., D.G.)
| | - Jeremy Bellien
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1096, Rouen, France (M.H., D.G., D.N., Z.D., G.L., V.T., A.D., S.R., P.M., V.R., J.B., D.G.)
- Pharmacology Department, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France (J.B.)
| | - Dominique Guerrot
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1096, Rouen, France (M.H., D.G., D.N., Z.D., G.L., V.T., A.D., S.R., P.M., V.R., J.B., D.G.)
- Nephrology Department, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France (M.H., D.N., G.L., M.H., D.G.)
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20
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Ral GTPases are critical regulators of spinal cord myelination and homeostasis. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111413. [PMID: 36170840 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Efficient myelination supports nerve conduction and axonal health throughout life. In the central nervous system, oligodendrocytes (OLs) carry out this demanding anabolic duty in part through biosynthetic pathways controlled by mTOR. We identify Ral GTPases as critical regulators of mouse spinal cord myelination and myelin maintenance. Ablation of Ral GTPases (RalA, RalB) in OL-lineage cells impairs timely onset and radial growth of developmental myelination, accompanied by increased endosomal/lysosomal abundance. Further examinations, including transcriptomic analyses of Ral-deficient OLs, were consistent with mTORC1-related deficits. However, deletion of the mTOR signaling-repressor Pten in Ral-deficient OL-lineage cells is unable to rescue mTORC1 activation or developmental myelination deficiencies. Induced deletion of Ral GTPases in OLs of adult mice results in late-onset myelination defects and tissue degeneration. Together, our data indicate critical roles for Ral GTPases to promote developmental spinal cord myelination, to ensure accurate mTORC1 signaling, and to protect the healthy state of myelin-axon units over time.
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21
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Vats K, Kruglov O, Sahoo B, Soman V, Zhang J, Shurin GV, Chandran UR, Skums P, Shurin MR, Zelikovsky A, Storkus WJ, Bunimovich YL. Sensory nerves impede the formation of tertiary lymphoid structures and development of protective anti-melanoma immune responses. Cancer Immunol Res 2022; 10:1141-1154. [PMID: 35834791 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-22-0110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral neurons comprise a critical component of the tumor microenvironment (TME). The role of the autonomic innervation in cancer has been firmly established. However, the effect of the afferent (sensory) neurons on tumor progression remains unclear. Utilizing surgical and chemical skin sensory denervation methods, we showed that afferent neurons supported the growth of melanoma tumors in vivo and demonstrated that sensory innervation limited the activation of effective anti-tumor immune responses. Specifically, sensory ablation led to improved leukocyte recruitment into tumors, with decreased presence of lymphoid and myeloid immunosuppressive cells and increased activation of T-effector cells within the TME. Cutaneous sensory nerves hindered maturation of intratumoral high endothelial venules (HEVs) and limited formation of mature tertiary lymphoid-like structures containing organized clusters of CD4+ T cells and B cells. Denervation further increased T-cell clonality and expanded the B-cell repertoire in the TME. Importantly, CD8a depletion prevented denervation-dependent anti-tumor effects. Finally, we observed that gene signatures of inflammation and the content of neuron-associated transcripts inversely correlated in human primary cutaneous melanomas, with the latter representing a negative prognostic marker of patient overall survival. Our results suggest that tumor-associated sensory neurons negatively regulate the development of protective anti-tumor immune responses within the TME, thereby defining a novel target for therapeutic intervention in the melanoma setting.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Oleg Kruglov
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States
| | - Bikram Sahoo
- Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | | | - Jiying Zhang
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Galina V Shurin
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | | | - Pavel Skums
- Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Michael R Shurin
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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22
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Buscham TJ, Eichel-Vogel MA, Steyer AM, Jahn O, Strenzke N, Dardawal R, Memhave TR, Siems SB, Müller C, Meschkat M, Sun T, Ruhwedel T, Möbius W, Krämer-Albers EM, Boretius S, Nave KA, Werner HB. Progressive axonopathy when oligodendrocytes lack the myelin protein CMTM5. eLife 2022; 11:75523. [PMID: 35274615 PMCID: PMC8916772 DOI: 10.7554/elife.75523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Oligodendrocytes facilitate rapid impulse propagation along the axons they myelinate and support their long-term integrity. However, the functional relevance of many myelin proteins has remained unknown. Here, we find that expression of the tetraspan-transmembrane protein CMTM5 (chemokine-like factor-like MARVEL-transmembrane domain containing protein 5) is highly enriched in oligodendrocytes and central nervous system (CNS) myelin. Genetic disruption of the Cmtm5 gene in oligodendrocytes of mice does not impair the development or ultrastructure of CNS myelin. However, oligodendroglial Cmtm5 deficiency causes an early-onset progressive axonopathy, which we also observe in global and tamoxifen-induced oligodendroglial Cmtm5 mutants. Presence of the WldS mutation ameliorates the axonopathy, implying a Wallerian degeneration-like pathomechanism. These results indicate that CMTM5 is involved in the function of oligodendrocytes to maintain axonal integrity rather than myelin biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias J Buscham
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Maria A Eichel-Vogel
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Anna M Steyer
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany.,Electron Microscopy Core Unit, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Olaf Jahn
- Proteomics Group, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany.,Translational Neuroproteomics Group, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Nicola Strenzke
- Institute for Auditory Neuroscience, University Medicine Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Rakshit Dardawal
- Functional Imaging Laboratory, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tor R Memhave
- Functional Imaging Laboratory, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sophie B Siems
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christina Müller
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Neurobiology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Martin Meschkat
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany.,Abberior Instruments Gmbh, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ting Sun
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Torben Ruhwedel
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany.,Electron Microscopy Core Unit, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Wiebke Möbius
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany.,Electron Microscopy Core Unit, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Eva-Maria Krämer-Albers
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Neurobiology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Susann Boretius
- Functional Imaging Laboratory, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Klaus-Armin Nave
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Hauke B Werner
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
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23
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Erickson AG, Kameneva P, Adameyko I. The transcriptional portraits of the neural crest at the individual cell level. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2022; 138:68-80. [PMID: 35260294 PMCID: PMC9441473 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2022.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Since the discovery of this cell population by His in 1850, the neural crest has been under intense study for its important role during vertebrate development. Much has been learned about the function and regulation of neural crest cell differentiation, and as a result, the neural crest has become a key model system for stem cell biology in general. The experiments performed in embryology, genetics, and cell biology in the last 150 years in the neural crest field has given rise to several big questions that have been debated intensely for many years: "How does positional information impact developmental potential? Are neural crest cells individually multipotent or a mixed population of committed progenitors? What are the key factors that regulate the acquisition of stem cell identity, and how does a stem cell decide to differentiate towards one cell fate versus another?" Recently, a marriage between single cell multi-omics, statistical modeling, and developmental biology has shed a substantial amount of light on these questions, and has paved a clear path for future researchers in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alek G Erickson
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 17165 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Polina Kameneva
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Center for Brain Research, Medical University Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Igor Adameyko
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 17165 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Neuroimmunology, Center for Brain Research, Medical University Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
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24
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Meschkat M, Steyer AM, Weil MT, Kusch K, Jahn O, Piepkorn L, Agüi-Gonzalez P, Phan NTN, Ruhwedel T, Sadowski B, Rizzoli SO, Werner HB, Ehrenreich H, Nave KA, Möbius W. White matter integrity in mice requires continuous myelin synthesis at the inner tongue. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1163. [PMID: 35246535 PMCID: PMC8897471 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28720-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Myelin, the electrically insulating sheath on axons, undergoes dynamic changes over time. However, it is composed of proteins with long lifetimes. This raises the question how such a stable structure is renewed. Here, we study the integrity of myelinated tracts after experimentally preventing the formation of new myelin in the CNS of adult mice, using an inducible Mbp null allele. Oligodendrocytes survive recombination, continue to express myelin genes, but they fail to maintain compacted myelin sheaths. Using 3D electron microscopy and mass spectrometry imaging we visualize myelin-like membranes failing to incorporate adaxonally, most prominently at juxta-paranodes. Myelinoid body formation indicates degradation of existing myelin at the abaxonal side and the inner tongue of the sheath. Thinning of compact myelin and shortening of internodes result in the loss of about 50% of myelin and axonal pathology within 20 weeks post recombination. In summary, our data suggest that functional axon-myelin units require the continuous incorporation of new myelin membranes. Myelin is formed of proteins of long half-lives. The mechanisms of renewal of such a stable structure are unclear. Here, the authors show that myelin integrity requires continuous myelin synthesis at the inner tongue, contributing to the maintenance of a functional axon-myelin unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Meschkat
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany.,Electron Microscopy Core Unit, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany.,Göttingen Graduate Center for Neurosciences, Biophysics, and Molecular Biosciences (GGNB), Göttingen, Germany.,DFG Research Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), Göttingen, Germany.,Abberior Instruments GmbH, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Anna M Steyer
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany.,Electron Microscopy Core Unit, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany.,DFG Research Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), Göttingen, Germany.,Imaging Centre, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marie-Theres Weil
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany.,Electron Microscopy Core Unit, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany.,DFG Research Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Kathrin Kusch
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany.,Institute for Auditory Neuroscience and InnerEarLab, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Olaf Jahn
- DFG Research Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), Göttingen, Germany.,Proteomics Group, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany.,Translational Neuroproteomics Group, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lars Piepkorn
- Proteomics Group, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany.,Translational Neuroproteomics Group, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Paola Agüi-Gonzalez
- Department of Neuro- and Sensory Physiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Nhu Thi Ngoc Phan
- Department of Neuro- and Sensory Physiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, Göttingen, Germany.,Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Torben Ruhwedel
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany.,Electron Microscopy Core Unit, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Boguslawa Sadowski
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany.,Electron Microscopy Core Unit, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany.,DFG Research Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Silvio O Rizzoli
- DFG Research Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), Göttingen, Germany.,Department of Neuro- and Sensory Physiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, Göttingen, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence "Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells" (MBExC), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Hauke B Werner
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Hannelore Ehrenreich
- DFG Research Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), Göttingen, Germany.,Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Klaus-Armin Nave
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany.,DFG Research Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Wiebke Möbius
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany. .,Electron Microscopy Core Unit, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany. .,DFG Research Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), Göttingen, Germany. .,Cluster of Excellence "Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells" (MBExC), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
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25
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Negro S, Pirazzini M, Rigoni M. Models and methods to study Schwann cells. J Anat 2022; 241:1235-1258. [PMID: 34988978 PMCID: PMC9558160 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Schwann cells (SCs) are fundamental components of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) of all vertebrates and play essential roles in development, maintenance, function, and regeneration of peripheral nerves. There are distinct populations of SCs including: (1) myelinating SCs that ensheath axons by a specialized plasma membrane, called myelin, which enhances the conduction of electric impulses; (2) non‐myelinating SCs, including Remak SCs, which wrap bundles of multiple axons of small caliber, and perysinaptic SCs (PSCs), associated with motor axon terminals at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ). All types of SCs contribute to PNS regeneration through striking morphological and functional changes in response to nerve injury, are affected in peripheral neuropathies and show abnormalities and a diminished plasticity during aging. Therefore, methodological approaches to study and manipulate SCs in physiological and pathophysiological conditions are crucial to expand the present knowledge on SC biology and to devise new therapeutic strategies to counteract neurodegenerative conditions and age‐derived denervation. We present here an updated overview of traditional and emerging methodologies for the study of SCs for scientists approaching this research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuele Negro
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Marco Pirazzini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.,CIR-Myo, Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca di Miologia, University of Padua, Padova, Italy
| | - Michela Rigoni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.,CIR-Myo, Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca di Miologia, University of Padua, Padova, Italy
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26
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Thomason EJ, Suárez-Pozos E, Afshari FS, Rosenberg PA, Dupree JL, Fuss B. Deletion of the Sodium-Dependent Glutamate Transporter GLT-1 in Maturing Oligodendrocytes Attenuates Myelination of Callosal Axons During a Postnatal Phase of Central Nervous System Development. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:905299. [PMID: 35722615 PMCID: PMC9203689 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.905299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The sodium-dependent glutamate transporter GLT-1 (EAAT2, SLC1A2) has been well-described as an important regulator of extracellular glutamate homeostasis in the central nervous system (CNS), a function that is performed mainly through its presence on astrocytes. There is, however, increasing evidence for the expression of GLT-1 in CNS cells other than astrocytes and in functional roles that are mediated by mechanisms downstream of glutamate uptake. In this context, GLT-1 expression has been reported for both neurons and oligodendrocytes (OLGs), and neuronal presynaptic presence of GLT-1 has been implicated in the regulation of glutamate uptake, gene expression, and mitochondrial function. Much less is currently known about the functional roles of GLT-1 expressed by OLGs. The data presented here provide first evidence that GLT-1 expressed by maturing OLGs contributes to the modulation of developmental myelination in the CNS. More specifically, using inducible and conditional knockout mice in which GLT-1 was deleted in maturing OLGs during a peak period of myelination (between 2 and 4 weeks of age) revealed hypomyelinated characteristics in the corpus callosum of preferentially male mice. These characteristics included reduced percentages of smaller diameter myelinated axons and reduced myelin thickness. Interestingly, this myelination phenotype was not found to be associated with major changes in myelin gene expression. Taken together, the data presented here demonstrate that GLT-1 expressed by maturing OLGs is involved in the modulation of the morphological aspects associated with CNS myelination in at least the corpus callosum and during a developmental window that appears of particular vulnerability in males compared to females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth J Thomason
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Edna Suárez-Pozos
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Fatemah S Afshari
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Paul A Rosenberg
- Department of Neurology and the F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jeffrey L Dupree
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Babette Fuss
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
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27
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Rivellini C, Porrello E, Dina G, Mrakic-Sposta S, Vezzoli A, Bacigaluppi M, Gullotta GS, Chaabane L, Leocani L, Marenna S, Colombo E, Farina C, Newcombe J, Nave KA, Pardi R, Quattrini A, Previtali SC. JAB1 deletion in oligodendrocytes causes senescence-induced inflammation and neurodegeneration in mice. J Clin Invest 2021; 132:145071. [PMID: 34874913 PMCID: PMC8803330 DOI: 10.1172/jci145071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Oligodendrocytes are the primary target of demyelinating disorders and progressive neurodegenerative changes may evolve in the CNS. DNA damage and oxidative stress are considered key pathogenic events, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Moreover, animal models do not fully recapitulate human diseases, complicating the path to effective treatments. Here we report that mice with cell autonomous deletion of the nuclear COP9 signalosome component CSN5 (JAB1) in oligodendrocytes develop DNA damage and defective DNA repair in myelinating glial cells. Interestingly, oligodendrocytes lacking JAB1 expression underwent a senescence-like phenotype that fostered chronic inflammation and oxidative stress. These mutants developed progressive CNS demyelination, microglia inflammation and neurodegeneration, with severe motor deficits and premature death. Notably, blocking microglia inflammation did not prevent neurodegeneration, whereas the deletion of p21CIP1 but not p16INK4a pathway ameliorated the disease. We suggest that senescence is key to sustaining neurodegeneration in demyelinating disorders and may be considered a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Rivellini
- Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Emanuela Porrello
- Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Giorgia Dina
- Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Simona Mrakic-Sposta
- Institute of Clinical Physiology National Research Council, ICF-CNR, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Vezzoli
- Institute of Clinical Physiology National Research Council, ICF-CNR, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Bacigaluppi
- Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Giorgia Serena Gullotta
- Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Linda Chaabane
- Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Letizia Leocani
- Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Marenna
- Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Emanuela Colombo
- Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Cinthia Farina
- Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Jia Newcombe
- Department of Neuroinflammation, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Klaus-Armin Nave
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ruggero Pardi
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation, and Infectious Disease, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Angelo Quattrini
- Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano C Previtali
- Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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28
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Edgar JM, McGowan E, Chapple KJ, Möbius W, Lemgruber L, Insall RH, Nave K, Boullerne A. Río-Hortega's drawings revisited with fluorescent protein defines a cytoplasm-filled channel system of CNS myelin. J Anat 2021; 239:1241-1255. [PMID: 34713444 PMCID: PMC8602028 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
A century ago this year, Pío del Río-Hortega (1921) coined the term 'oligodendroglia' for the 'interfascicular glia' with very few processes, launching an extensive discovery effort on his new cell type. One hundred years later, we review his original contributions to our understanding of the system of cytoplasmic channels within myelin in the context of what we observe today using light and electron microscopy of genetically encoded fluorescent reporters and immunostaining. We use the term myelinic channel system to describe the cytoplasm-delimited spaces associated with myelin; being the paranodal loops, inner and outer tongues, cytoplasm-filled spaces through compact myelin and further complex motifs associated to the sheath. Using a central nervous system myelinating cell culture model that contains all major neural cell types and produces compact myelin, we find that td-tomato fluorescent protein delineates the myelinic channel system in a manner reminiscent of the drawings of adult white matter by Río-Hortega, despite that he questioned whether some cytoplasmic figures he observed represented artefact. Together, these data lead us to propose a slightly revised model of the 'unrolled' sheath. Further, we show that the myelinic channel system, while relatively stable, can undergo subtle dynamic shape changes over days. Importantly, we capture an under-appreciated complexity of the myelinic channel system in mature myelin sheaths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia M. Edgar
- Axo‐Glial GroupInstitute of Infection, Immunity and InflammationCollege of Medical, Veterinary and Life SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
- Department of NeurogeneticsMax Planck Institute of Experimental MedicineGöttingenGermany
| | - Eleanor McGowan
- Axo‐Glial GroupInstitute of Infection, Immunity and InflammationCollege of Medical, Veterinary and Life SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Katie J. Chapple
- Axo‐Glial GroupInstitute of Infection, Immunity and InflammationCollege of Medical, Veterinary and Life SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Wiebke Möbius
- Department of NeurogeneticsMax Planck Institute of Experimental MedicineGöttingenGermany
- Electron Microscopy Core UnitMax Planck Institute of Experimental MedicineGöttingenGermany
| | - Leandro Lemgruber
- Glasgow Imaging FacilityInstitute of Infection, Immunity and InflammationCollege of Medical, Veterinary and Life SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | | | - Klaus‐Armin Nave
- Department of NeurogeneticsMax Planck Institute of Experimental MedicineGöttingenGermany
| | - Anne Boullerne
- Department of AnesthesiologyUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIllinoisUSA
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29
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Berghoff SA, Spieth L, Sun T, Hosang L, Depp C, Sasmita AO, Vasileva MH, Scholz P, Zhao Y, Krueger-Burg D, Wichert S, Brown ER, Michail K, Nave KA, Bonn S, Odoardi F, Rossner M, Ischebeck T, Edgar JM, Saher G. Neuronal cholesterol synthesis is essential for repair of chronically demyelinated lesions in mice. Cell Rep 2021; 37:109889. [PMID: 34706227 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Astrocyte-derived cholesterol supports brain cells under physiological conditions. However, in demyelinating lesions, astrocytes downregulate cholesterol synthesis, and the cholesterol that is essential for remyelination has to originate from other cellular sources. Here, we show that repair following acute versus chronic demyelination involves distinct processes. In particular, in chronic myelin disease, when recycling of lipids is often defective, de novo neuronal cholesterol synthesis is critical for regeneration. By gene expression profiling, genetic loss-of-function experiments, and comprehensive phenotyping, we provide evidence that neurons increase cholesterol synthesis in chronic myelin disease models and in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). In mouse models, neuronal cholesterol facilitates remyelination specifically by triggering oligodendrocyte precursor cell proliferation. Our data contribute to the understanding of disease progression and have implications for therapeutic strategies in patients with MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan A Berghoff
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Lena Spieth
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ting Sun
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany; Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Leon Hosang
- Institute for Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Research, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Constanze Depp
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Andrew O Sasmita
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Martina H Vasileva
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Patricia Scholz
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences and Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Yu Zhao
- Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dilja Krueger-Burg
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sven Wichert
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Euan R Brown
- School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering, James Naysmith Building, Heriot Watt University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Kyriakos Michail
- School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering, James Naysmith Building, Heriot Watt University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Klaus-Armin Nave
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Bonn
- Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Francesca Odoardi
- Institute for Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Research, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Moritz Rossner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Till Ischebeck
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences and Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany; Service Unit for Metabolomics and Lipidomics, Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Julia M Edgar
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany; Axo-glial Group, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Gesine Saher
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany.
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30
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Ishii A, Furusho M, Bansal R. Mek/ERK1/2-MAPK and PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling plays both independent and cooperative roles in Schwann cell differentiation, myelination and dysmyelination. Glia 2021; 69:2429-2446. [PMID: 34157170 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Multiple signals are involved in the regulation of developmental myelination by Schwann cells and in the maintenance of a normal myelin homeostasis throughout adult life, preserving the integrity of the axons in the PNS. Recent studies suggest that Mek/ERK1/2-MAPK and PI3K/Akt/mTOR intracellular signaling pathways play important, often overlapping roles in the regulation of myelination in the PNS. In addition, hyperactivation of these signaling pathways in Schwann cells leads to a late onset of various pathological changes in the sciatic nerves. However, it remains poorly understood whether these pathways function independently or sequentially or converge using a common mechanism to facilitate Schwann cell differentiation and myelin growth during development and in causing pathological changes in the adult animals. To address these questions, we analyzed multiple genetically modified mice using simultaneous loss- and constitutive gain-of-function approaches. We found that during development, the Mek/ERK1/2-MAPK pathway plays a primary role in Schwann cell differentiation, distinct from mTOR. However, during active myelination, ERK1/2 is dependent on mTOR signaling to drive the growth of the myelin sheath and regulate its thickness. Finally, our data suggest that peripheral nerve pathology during adulthood caused by hyperactivation of Mek/ERK1/2-MAPK or PI3K is likely to be independent or dependent on mTOR-signaling in different contexts. Thus, this study highlights the complexities in the roles played by two major intracellular signaling pathways in Schwann cells that affect their differentiation, myelination, and later PNS pathology and predicts that potential therapeutic modulation of these pathways in PNS neuropathies could be a complex process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Ishii
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Miki Furusho
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Rashmi Bansal
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
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31
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Kapitza C, Chunder R, Scheller A, Given KS, Macklin WB, Enders M, Kuerten S, Neuhuber WL, Wörl J. Murine Esophagus Expresses Glial-Derived Central Nervous System Antigens. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22063233. [PMID: 33810144 PMCID: PMC8004938 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) has been considered to specifically affect the central nervous system (CNS) for a long time. As autonomic dysfunction including dysphagia can occur as accompanying phenomena in patients, the enteric nervous system has been attracting increasing attention over the past years. The aim of this study was to identify glial and myelin markers as potential target structures for autoimmune processes in the esophagus. RT-PCR analysis revealed glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), proteolipid protein (PLP), and myelin basic protein (MBP) expression, but an absence of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) in the murine esophagus. Selected immunohistochemistry for GFAP, PLP, and MBP including transgenic mice with cell-type specific expression of PLP and GFAP supported these results by detection of (1) GFAP, PLP, and MBP in Schwann cells in skeletal muscle and esophagus; (2) GFAP, PLP, but no MBP in perisynaptic Schwann cells of skeletal and esophageal motor endplates; (3) GFAP and PLP, but no MBP in glial cells surrounding esophageal myenteric neurons; and (4) PLP, but no GFAP and MBP in enteric glial cells forming a network in the esophagus. Our results pave the way for further investigations regarding the involvement of esophageal glial cells in the pathogenesis of dysphagia in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Kapitza
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (C.K.); (R.C.); (M.E.); (S.K.); (W.L.N.)
| | - Rittika Chunder
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (C.K.); (R.C.); (M.E.); (S.K.); (W.L.N.)
| | - Anja Scheller
- University of Saarland, Department of Molecular Physiology, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), 66421 Homburg, Germany;
| | - Katherine S. Given
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (K.S.G.); (W.B.M.)
| | - Wendy B. Macklin
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (K.S.G.); (W.B.M.)
| | - Michael Enders
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (C.K.); (R.C.); (M.E.); (S.K.); (W.L.N.)
| | - Stefanie Kuerten
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (C.K.); (R.C.); (M.E.); (S.K.); (W.L.N.)
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Institute of Anatomy, University Hospitals Bonn, University Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Winfried L. Neuhuber
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (C.K.); (R.C.); (M.E.); (S.K.); (W.L.N.)
| | - Jürgen Wörl
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (C.K.); (R.C.); (M.E.); (S.K.); (W.L.N.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-913-1852-2870
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32
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Chang KJ, Agrawal I, Vainshtein A, Ho WY, Xin W, Tucker-Kellogg G, Susuki K, Peles E, Ling SC, Chan JR. TDP-43 maximizes nerve conduction velocity by repressing a cryptic exon for paranodal junction assembly in Schwann cells. eLife 2021; 10:64456. [PMID: 33689679 PMCID: PMC7946431 DOI: 10.7554/elife.64456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
TDP-43 is extensively studied in neurons in physiological and pathological contexts. However, emerging evidence indicates that glial cells are also reliant on TDP-43 function. We demonstrate that deletion of TDP-43 in Schwann cells results in a dramatic delay in peripheral nerve conduction causing significant motor deficits in mice, which is directly attributed to the absence of paranodal axoglial junctions. By contrast, paranodes in the central nervous system are unaltered in oligodendrocytes lacking TDP-43. Mechanistically, TDP-43 binds directly to Neurofascin mRNA, encoding the cell adhesion molecule essential for paranode assembly and maintenance. Loss of TDP-43 triggers the retention of a previously unidentified cryptic exon, which targets Neurofascin mRNA for nonsense-mediated decay. Thus, TDP-43 is required for neurofascin expression, proper assembly and maintenance of paranodes, and rapid saltatory conduction. Our findings provide a framework and mechanism for how Schwann cell-autonomous dysfunction in nerve conduction is directly caused by TDP-43 loss-of-function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kae-Jiun Chang
- Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Ira Agrawal
- Department of Physiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Anna Vainshtein
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Wan Yun Ho
- Department of Physiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wendy Xin
- Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Greg Tucker-Kellogg
- Department of Biological Sciences, and Computational Biology Programme, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Keiichiro Susuki
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology, and Physiology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, United States
| | - Elior Peles
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Shuo-Chien Ling
- Department of Physiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,NUS Medicine Healthy Longevity Program, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Program in Neuroscience and Behavior Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jonah R Chan
- Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
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33
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Tandukar B, Kalapurakal E, Hornyak TJ. B6-Dct-H2BGFP bitransgenic mice: A standardized mouse model for in vivo characterization of melanocyte development and stem cell differentiation. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2021; 34:905-917. [PMID: 33544968 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Melanocyte stem cells (McSCs) are key components of the hair follicle (HF) stem cell system that regenerate differentiated melanocytes during successive HF cycles. To facilitate continued research on melanocyte development and differentiation and McSCs, we backcrossed inducible Dct-H2BGFP mice into the C57BL/6J background (B6-Dct-H2BGFP). We compared the expression pattern of B6-Dct-H2BGFP to that of Dct-H2BGFP mice on a mixed genetic background reported previously. To characterize B6-Dct-H2BGFP mice, we confirmed not only the expression of GFP in all melanocyte lineage cells, but also doxycycline regulation of GFP expression. Furthermore, ex vivo culture of the McSC subsets isolated by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) showed the propensity of bulge/CD34+ McSCs to differentiate with expression of non-melanocytic, neural crest lineage markers including glia (Gfap and CNPase, 73 ± 1% and 77 ± 2%, respectively), neurons (Tuj1 26 ± 5%), and smooth muscle (α-Sma, 31 ± 9%). In contrast, CD34-/secondary hair germ (SHG) McSCs differentiated into pigmented melanocytes, with higher expression of melanogenic markers Tyr (71 ± 1%), Tyrp1 (68 ± 4%), and Mitf (75 ± 7%). These results establish the utility of B6-Dct-H2BGFP bitransgenic mice for future in vivo studies of melanocytes requiring a defined genetic background.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bishal Tandukar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Emmanual Kalapurakal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Thomas J Hornyak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Dermatology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Research & Development Service, VA Maryland Health Care System, Baltimore, MD, USA
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34
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Bonnamour G, Soret R, Pilon N. Dhh-expressing Schwann cell precursors contribute to skin and cochlear melanocytes, but not to vestibular melanocytes. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2020; 34:648-654. [PMID: 33089656 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
For a long time, melanocytes were believed to be exclusively derived from neural crest cells migrating from the neural tube toward the developing skin. This notion was then challenged by studies suggesting that melanocytes could also be made from neural crest-derived Schwann cell precursors (SCPs) on peripheral nerves. A SCP origin was inferred from lineage tracing studies in mice using a Plp1 promoter-controlled Cre driver transgene (Plp1-CreERT2) and a fluorescent Rosa26 locus-controlled Cre reporter allele (Rosa26FloxSTOP-YFP ). However, doubts were raised in part because another SCP-directed Cre driver controlled by the Dhh promoter (Dhh-Cre) was apparently unable to label melanocytes when used with a non-fluorescent Rosa26 locus-controlled Cre reporter (Rosa26FloxSTOP-LacZ ). Here, we report that the same Dhh-Cre driver line can efficiently label melanocytes when used in a pure FVB/N background together with the fluorescent instead of the non-fluorescent Rosa26 locus-controlled Cre reporter. Our data further suggest that the vast majority of skin melanocytes are SCP-derived. Interestingly, we also discovered that SCPs contribute inner ear melanocytes in a region-specific manner, extensively contributing to the cochlea but not to the vestibule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grégoire Bonnamour
- Molecular Genetics of Development Laboratory, Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montréa, QC, Canada.,Centre d'excellence en recherche sur les maladies orphelines - Fondation Courtois (CERMO-FC), Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Rodolphe Soret
- Molecular Genetics of Development Laboratory, Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montréa, QC, Canada.,Centre d'excellence en recherche sur les maladies orphelines - Fondation Courtois (CERMO-FC), Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Nicolas Pilon
- Molecular Genetics of Development Laboratory, Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montréa, QC, Canada.,Centre d'excellence en recherche sur les maladies orphelines - Fondation Courtois (CERMO-FC), Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Département de pédiatrie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
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35
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Huang Y, Song YJ, Isaac M, Miretzky S, Patel A, Geoffrey McAuliffe W, Dreyfus CF. Tropomyosin Receptor Kinase B Expressed in Oligodendrocyte Lineage Cells Functions to Promote Myelin Following a Demyelinating Lesion. ASN Neuro 2020; 12:1759091420957464. [PMID: 32927995 PMCID: PMC7495938 DOI: 10.1177/1759091420957464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the corpus callosum have previously been shown to have a critical impact on oligodendrocyte (OLG) lineage cells during cuprizone-elicited demyelination. In particular, BDNF+/- mice exhibit greater losses in myelin protein levels compared to wild-type mice after cuprizone. To investigate whether OLGs may directly mediate these effects of BDNF during a lesion in vivo, we used the cuprizone model of demyelination with inducible conditional male knockout mice to specifically delete the high-affinity tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB) receptor from proteolipid protein + OLGs during cuprizone-elicited demyelination and subsequent remyelination. The loss of TrkB during cuprizone-elicited demyelination results in an increased sensitivity to demyelination as demonstrated by greater deficits in myelin protein levels, greater decreases in numbers of mature OLGs, increased numbers of demyelinated axons, and decreased myelin thickness. When mice are removed from cuprizone, they exhibit a delayed recovery in myelin proteins and myelin. Our data indicate that following a demyelinating lesion, TrkB in OLGs positively regulates myelin protein expression, myelin itself, and remyelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Huang
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States
| | - Yeri J. Song
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States
| | - Maria Isaac
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States
| | - Shir Miretzky
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States
| | - Ashish Patel
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States
| | - W. Geoffrey McAuliffe
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States
| | - Cheryl F. Dreyfus
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States,Cheryl F. Dreyfus, Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 683 Hoes Lane West, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States.
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36
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CMTM6 expressed on the adaxonal Schwann cell surface restricts axonal diameters in peripheral nerves. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4514. [PMID: 32908139 PMCID: PMC7481192 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18172-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The velocity of nerve conduction is moderately enhanced by larger axonal diameters and potently sped up by myelination of axons. Myelination thus allows rapid impulse propagation with reduced axonal diameters; however, no myelin-dependent mechanism has been reported that restricts radial growth of axons. By label-free proteomics, STED-microscopy and cryo-immuno electron-microscopy we here identify CMTM6 (chemokine-like factor-like MARVEL-transmembrane domain-containing family member-6) as a myelin protein specifically localized to the Schwann cell membrane exposed to the axon. We find that disruption of Cmtm6-expression in Schwann cells causes a substantial increase of axonal diameters but does not impair myelin biogenesis, radial sorting or integrity of axons. Increased axonal diameters correlate with accelerated sensory nerve conduction and sensory responses and perturbed motor performance. These data show that Schwann cells utilize CMTM6 to restrict the radial growth of axons, which optimizes nerve function.
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37
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Mukherjee C, Kling T, Russo B, Miebach K, Kess E, Schifferer M, Pedro LD, Weikert U, Fard MK, Kannaiyan N, Rossner M, Aicher ML, Goebbels S, Nave KA, Krämer-Albers EM, Schneider A, Simons M. Oligodendrocytes Provide Antioxidant Defense Function for Neurons by Secreting Ferritin Heavy Chain. Cell Metab 2020; 32:259-272.e10. [PMID: 32531201 PMCID: PMC7116799 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2020.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
An evolutionarily conserved function of glia is to provide metabolic and structural support for neurons. To identify molecules generated by glia and with vital functions for neurons, we used Drosophila melanogaster as a screening tool, and subsequently translated the findings to mice. We found that a cargo receptor operating in the secretory pathway of glia was essential to maintain axonal integrity by regulating iron buffering. Ferritin heavy chain was identified as the critical secretory cargo, required for the protection against iron-mediated ferroptotic axonal damage. In mice, ferritin heavy chain is highly expressed by oligodendrocytes and secreted by employing an unconventional secretion pathway involving extracellular vesicles. Disrupting the release of extracellular vesicles or the expression of ferritin heavy chain in oligodendrocytes causes neuronal loss and oxidative damage in mice. Our data point to a role of oligodendrocytes in providing an antioxidant defense system to support neurons against iron-mediated cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaitali Mukherjee
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University Munich, 80802 Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Tina Kling
- Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Belisa Russo
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Kerstin Miebach
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Neurobiology (IDN), University of Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Eva Kess
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Martina Schifferer
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Liliana D Pedro
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University Munich, 80802 Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Ulrich Weikert
- Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Maryam K Fard
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Nirmal Kannaiyan
- Department of Psychiatry, Ludwig-Maximillian University, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Moritz Rossner
- Department of Psychiatry, Ludwig-Maximillian University, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Marie-Louise Aicher
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sandra Goebbels
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Klaus-Armin Nave
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Eva-Maria Krämer-Albers
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Neurobiology (IDN), University of Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Anja Schneider
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53127 Bonn, Germany; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Mikael Simons
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University Munich, 80802 Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 81377 Munich, Germany; Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, 37075 Göttingen, Germany; Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), 81377 Munich, Germany.
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38
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Vaquié A, Sauvain A, Duman M, Nocera G, Egger B, Meyenhofer F, Falquet L, Bartesaghi L, Chrast R, Lamy CM, Bang S, Lee SR, Jeon NL, Ruff S, Jacob C. Injured Axons Instruct Schwann Cells to Build Constricting Actin Spheres to Accelerate Axonal Disintegration. Cell Rep 2020; 27:3152-3166.e7. [PMID: 31189102 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.05.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
After a peripheral nerve lesion, distal ends of injured axons disintegrate into small fragments that are subsequently cleared by Schwann cells and later by macrophages. Axonal debris clearing is an early step of the repair process that facilitates regeneration. We show here that Schwann cells promote distal cut axon disintegration for timely clearing. By combining cell-based and in vivo models of nerve lesion with mouse genetics, we show that this mechanism is induced by distal cut axons, which signal to Schwann cells through PlGF mediating the activation and upregulation of VEGFR1 in Schwann cells. In turn, VEGFR1 activates Pak1, leading to the formation of constricting actomyosin spheres along unfragmented distal cut axons to mediate their disintegration. Interestingly, oligodendrocytes can acquire a similar behavior as Schwann cells by enforced expression of VEGFR1. These results thus identify controllable molecular cues of a neuron-glia crosstalk essential for timely clearing of damaged axons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrien Vaquié
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Alizée Sauvain
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Mert Duman
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland; Department of Biology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Gianluigi Nocera
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland; Department of Biology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Boris Egger
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland; Bioimage Light Microscopy Facility, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Felix Meyenhofer
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland; Department of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland; Bioimage Light Microscopy Facility, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Laurent Falquet
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland; Department of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland; Bioinformatics Core Facility, University of Fribourg and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Luca Bartesaghi
- Departments of Neuroscience and Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Roman Chrast
- Departments of Neuroscience and Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Seokyoung Bang
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung-Ryeol Lee
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Noo Li Jeon
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sophie Ruff
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Claire Jacob
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland; Department of Biology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
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39
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Min Q, Parkinson DB, Dun XP. Migrating Schwann cells direct axon regeneration within the peripheral nerve bridge. Glia 2020; 69:235-254. [PMID: 32697392 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Schwann cells within the peripheral nervous system possess a remarkable regenerative potential. Current research shows that peripheral nerve-associated Schwann cells possess the capacity to promote repair of multiple tissues including peripheral nerve gap bridging, skin wound healing, digit tip repair as well as tooth regeneration. One of the key features of the specialized repair Schwann cells is that they become highly motile. They not only migrate into the area of damaged tissue and become a key component of regenerating tissue but also secrete signaling molecules to attract macrophages, support neuronal survival, promote axonal regrowth, activate local mesenchymal stem cells, and interact with other cell types. Currently, the importance of migratory Schwann cells in tissue regeneration is most evident in the case of a peripheral nerve transection injury. Following nerve transection, Schwann cells from both proximal and distal nerve stumps migrate into the nerve bridge and form Schwann cell cords to guide axon regeneration. The formation of Schwann cell cords in the nerve bridge is key to successful peripheral nerve repair following transection injury. In this review, we first examine nerve bridge formation and the behavior of Schwann cell migration in the nerve bridge, and then discuss how migrating Schwann cells direct regenerating axons into the distal nerve. We also review the current understanding of signals that could activate Schwann cell migration and signals that Schwann cells utilize to direct axon regeneration. Understanding the molecular mechanism of Schwann cell migration could potentially offer new therapeutic strategies for peripheral nerve repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Min
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - David B Parkinson
- Peninsula Medical School, Faculty of Health, Plymouth University, Plymouth, Devon, UK
| | - Xin-Peng Dun
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
- Peninsula Medical School, Faculty of Health, Plymouth University, Plymouth, Devon, UK
- The Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
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40
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EEF1A1 deacetylation enables transcriptional activation of remyelination. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3420. [PMID: 32647127 PMCID: PMC7347577 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17243-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Remyelination of the peripheral and central nervous systems (PNS and CNS, respectively) is a prerequisite for functional recovery after lesion. However, this process is not always optimal and becomes inefficient in the course of multiple sclerosis. Here we show that, when acetylated, eukaryotic elongation factor 1A1 (eEF1A1) negatively regulates PNS and CNS remyelination. Acetylated eEF1A1 (Ac-eEF1A1) translocates into the nucleus of myelinating cells where it binds to Sox10, a key transcription factor for PNS and CNS myelination and remyelination, to drag Sox10 out of the nucleus. We show that the lysine acetyltransferase Tip60 acetylates eEF1A1, whereas the histone deacetylase HDAC2 deacetylates eEF1A1. Promoting eEF1A1 deacetylation maintains the activation of Sox10 target genes and increases PNS and CNS remyelination efficiency. Taken together, these data identify a major mechanism of Sox10 regulation, which appears promising for future translational studies on PNS and CNS remyelination. The molecular mechanisms regulating remyelination are unclear. Here, the authors show that promoting deacetylation of eEF1A1 prevents the translocation of Sox10 outside the nucleus, contributing to maintaining the expression of Sox10 target genes and increasing remyelination efficiency.
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41
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Guo S, Wang Y, Wang A. Identity and lineage fate of proteolipid protein 1 gene (Plp1)-expressing cells in the embryonic murine spinal cord. Dev Dyn 2020; 249:946-960. [PMID: 32353175 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The proteolipid protein (PLP) is the most abundant protein in the myelin sheath of the central nervous system (CNS). The gene coding PLP, proteolipid protein 1 (Plp1) is highly expressed in oligodendrocytes, the myelin-forming cells in the CNS. Previous studies demonstrate that Plp1 gene is expressed in the embryonic CNS much earlier before the generation of oligodendrocytes. However, the progenitor identity and the fate of Plp1-expressing cells are still elusive. RESULTS We employed genetic approaches to permanently label Plp1-expressing cells with the reporter enhanced yellow fluorescence protein (EYFP) and used multicolored immunohistochemistry to characterize their identity and lineage fate. We found that Plp1-expressing cells were initially present without spatial restrictions and later confined to the ventral progenitor domains of the embryonic spinal cord. Our fate-mapping results showed that Plp1-expressing cells during early embryogenesis were multipotent neural progenitor cells that gave rise to not only neurons but also glial progenitor cells whereas they were bipotent glial progenitor cells during later neural development stages and generated oligodendroglial and astroglial lineage cells but not neurons. Intriguingly, postnatal astrocytes generated from embryonic Plp1-expressing glial progenitor cells were present only in the ventral spinal cord. CONCLUSION Our study reveals that Plp1-expressing cells during embryonic neural development display dynamic cellular identities and have a broader lineage fate than oligodendroglial lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujing Guo
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California, USA.,Mira Loma High School, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California, USA.,Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Aijun Wang
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California, USA.,Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Sacramento, California, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
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42
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Grove M, Lee H, Zhao H, Son YJ. Axon-dependent expression of YAP/TAZ mediates Schwann cell remyelination but not proliferation after nerve injury. eLife 2020; 9:50138. [PMID: 32436841 PMCID: PMC7259960 DOI: 10.7554/elife.50138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously we showed that YAP/TAZ promote not only proliferation but also differentiation of immature Schwann cells (SCs), thereby forming and maintaining the myelin sheath around peripheral axons (Grove et al., 2017). Here we show that YAP/TAZ are required for mature SCs to restore peripheral myelination, but not to proliferate, after nerve injury. We find that YAP/TAZ dramatically disappear from SCs of adult mice concurrent with axon degeneration after nerve injury. They reappear in SCs only if axons regenerate. YAP/TAZ ablation does not impair SC proliferation or transdifferentiation into growth promoting repair SCs. SCs lacking YAP/TAZ, however, fail to upregulate myelin-associated genes and completely fail to remyelinate regenerated axons. We also show that both YAP and TAZ are redundantly required for optimal remyelination. These findings suggest that axons regulate transcriptional activity of YAP/TAZ in adult SCs and that YAP/TAZ are essential for functional regeneration of peripheral nerve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Grove
- Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center and Center for Neural Repair and Rehabilitation, Temple University, Philadelphia, United States.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, United States
| | - Hyunkyoung Lee
- Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center and Center for Neural Repair and Rehabilitation, Temple University, Philadelphia, United States.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, United States
| | - Huaqing Zhao
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, United States
| | - Young-Jin Son
- Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center and Center for Neural Repair and Rehabilitation, Temple University, Philadelphia, United States.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, United States
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43
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Urtatiz O, Cook C, Huang JLY, Yeh I, Van Raamsdonk CD. GNAQ Q209L expression initiated in multipotent neural crest cells drives aggressive melanoma of the central nervous system. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2019; 33:96-111. [PMID: 31680437 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Primary leptomeningeal melanocytic neoplasms represent a spectrum of rare tumors originating from melanocytes of the leptomeninges, which are the inner two membranes that protect the central nervous system. Like other non-epithelial melanocytic lesions, they bear frequent oncogenic mutations in the heterotrimeric G protein alpha subunits, GNAQ or GNA11. In this study, we used Plp1-creERT to force the expression of oncogenic GNAQQ209L in the multipotent neural crest cells of the ventro-medial developmental pathway, beginning prior to melanocyte cell differentiation. We found that this produces leptomeningeal melanocytic neoplasms, including cranial melanocytomas, spinal melanocytomas, and spinal melanomas, in addition to blue nevus-like lesions in the dermis. GNAQQ209L drove different phenotypes depending upon when during embryogenesis (E9.5, E10.5, or E11.5) it was induced by tamoxifen and which Cre driver (Plp1-creERT, Tyr-creERT2 , or Mitf-cre) was used. Given these differences, we propose that melanocytes go through temporary phases where they become sensitive to the oncogenic effects of GNAQQ209L . R26-fs-GNAQQ209L ; Plp1-creERT mice will be useful for defining biomarkers for potentially aggressive leptomeningeal melanocytomas and for developing new therapeutics for advanced disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Urtatiz
- Department of Medical Genetics, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Courtney Cook
- Department of Medical Genetics, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jenny L-Y Huang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Iwei Yeh
- Departments of Dermatology and Pathology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Catherine D Van Raamsdonk
- Department of Medical Genetics, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Beiersdorfer A, Wolburg H, Grawe J, Scheller A, Kirchhoff F, Lohr C. Sublamina-specific organization of the blood brain barrier in the mouse olfactory nerve layer. Glia 2019; 68:631-645. [PMID: 31696993 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Astrocytes constitute the main glial component of the mammalian blood brain barrier (BBB). However, in the olfactory bulb (OB), the olfactory nerve layer (ONL) is almost devoid of astrocytes, raising the question which glial cells are part of the BBB. We used mice expressing EGFP in astrocytes and tdTomato in olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs), a specialized type of glial cells in the ONL, to unequivocally identify both glial cell types and investigate their contribution to the BBB in the olfactory bulb. OECs were located exclusively in the ONL, while somata of astrocytes were located in deeper layers and extended processes in the inner sublamina of the ONL. These processes surrounded blood vessels and contained aquaporin-4, an astrocytic protein enriched at the BBB. In the outer sublamina of the ONL, in contrast, blood vessels were surrounded by aquaporin-4-negative processes of OECs. Transcardial perfusion of blood vessels with lanthanum and subsequent visualization by electron microscopy showed that blood vessels enwrapped by OECs possessed intact tight junctions. In acute olfactory bulb preparations, injection of fluorescent glucose 6-NBDG into blood vessels resulted in labeling of OECs, indicating glucose transport from the perivascular space into OECs. In addition, Ca2+ transients in OECs in the outer sublamina evoked vasoconstriction, whereas Ca2+ signaling in OECs of the inner sublamina had no effect on adjacent blood vessels. Our results demonstrate that the BBB in the inner sublamina of the ONL contains astrocytes, while in the outer ONL OECs are part of the BBB.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hartwig Wolburg
- Institute of Pathology and Neuropathology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Janine Grawe
- Division of Neurophysiology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anja Scheller
- Molecular Physiology, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), University of Saarland, Homburg, Germany
| | - Frank Kirchhoff
- Molecular Physiology, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), University of Saarland, Homburg, Germany
| | - Christian Lohr
- Division of Neurophysiology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
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Beiersdorfer A, Lohr C. AMPA Receptor-Mediated Ca 2+ Transients in Mouse Olfactory Ensheathing Cells. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:451. [PMID: 31636544 PMCID: PMC6788192 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ca2+ signaling in glial cells is primarily triggered by metabotropic pathways and the subsequent Ca2+ release from internal Ca2+ stores. However, there is upcoming evidence that various ion channels might also initiate Ca2+ rises in glial cells by Ca2+ influx. We investigated AMPA receptor-mediated inward currents and Ca2+ transients in olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs), a specialized glial cell population in the olfactory bulb (OB), using whole-cell voltage-clamp recordings and confocal Ca2+ imaging. By immunohistochemistry we showed immunoreactivity to the AMPA receptor subunits GluA1, GluA2 and GluA4 in OECs, suggesting the presence of AMPA receptors in OECs. Kainate-induced inward currents were mediated exclusively by AMPA receptors, as they were sensitive to the specific AMPA receptor antagonist, GYKI53655. Moreover, kainate-induced inward currents were reduced by the selective Ca2+-permeable AMPA receptor inhibitor, NASPM, suggesting the presence of functional Ca2+-permeable AMPA receptors in OECs. Additionally, kainate application evoked Ca2+ transients in OECs which were abolished in the absence of extracellular Ca2+, indicating that Ca2+ influx via Ca2+-permeable AMPA receptors contribute to kainate-induced Ca2+ transients. However, kainate-induced Ca2+ transients were partly reduced upon Ca2+ store depletion, leading to the conclusion that Ca2+ influx via AMPA receptor channels is essential to trigger Ca2+ transients in OECs, whereas Ca2+ release from internal stores contributes in part to the kainate-evoked Ca2+ response. Endogenous glutamate release by OSN axons initiated Ca2+ transients in OECs, equally mediated by metabotropic receptors (glutamatergic and purinergic) and AMPA receptors, suggesting a prominent role for AMPA receptor mediated Ca2+ signaling in axon-OEC communication.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christian Lohr
- Division of Neurophysiology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
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46
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Jin W, Leitzen E, Goebbels S, Nave KA, Baumgärtner W, Hansmann F. Comparison of Theiler's Murine Encephalomyelitis Virus Induced Spinal Cord and Peripheral Nerve Lesions Following Intracerebral and Intraspinal Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20205134. [PMID: 31623261 PMCID: PMC6834305 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20205134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hallmarks of Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV)-induced demyelinating disease (TMEV-IDD) include spinal cord (SC) inflammation, demyelination and axonal damage occurring approximately 5-8 weeks after classical intracerebral (i.c.) infection. The aim of this study was to elucidate the consequences of intraspinal (i.s.) TMEV infection and a direct comparison of classical i.c. and intraspinal infection. Swiss Jim Lambert (SJL)-mice were i.s. infected with the BeAn strain of TMEV. Clinical investigations including a scoring system and rotarod analysis were performed on a regular basis. Necropsies were performed at 3, 7, 14, 28 and 63 days post infection (dpi) following i.s. and at 4, 7, 14, 28, 56, 98, 147 and 196 dpi following i.c. infection. Serial sections of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded SC and peripheral nerves (PN) were investigated using hematoxylin and eosin (HE) and immunohistochemistry. I.s. infected mice developed clinical signs and a deterioration of motor coordination approximately 12 weeks earlier than i.c. infected animals. SC inflammation, demyelination and axonal damage occurred approximately 6 weeks earlier in i.s. infected animals. Interestingly, i.s. infected mice developed PN lesions, characterized by vacuolation, inflammation, demyelination and axonal damage, which was not seen following i.c. infection. The i.s. infection model offers the advantage of a significantly earlier onset of clinical signs, inflammatory and demyelinating SC lesions and additionally enables the investigation of virus-mediated PN lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Jin
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany.
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, 30559 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Eva Leitzen
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany.
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, 30559 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Sandra Goebbels
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max-Planck-Institute for experimental Medicine, 37075 Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Klaus-Armin Nave
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max-Planck-Institute for experimental Medicine, 37075 Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Wolfgang Baumgärtner
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany.
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, 30559 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Florian Hansmann
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany.
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, 30559 Hannover, Germany.
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Marro BS, Skinner DD, Cheng Y, Grist JJ, Dickey LL, Eckman E, Stone C, Liu L, Ransohoff RM, Lane TE. Disrupted CXCR2 Signaling in Oligodendroglia Lineage Cells Enhances Myelin Repair in a Viral Model of Multiple Sclerosis. J Virol 2019; 93:e00240-19. [PMID: 31243125 PMCID: PMC6714798 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00240-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
CXCR2 is a chemokine receptor expressed on oligodendroglia that has been implicated in the pathogenesis of neuroinflammatory demyelinating diseases as well as enhancement of the migration, proliferation, and myelin production by oligodendroglia. Using an inducible proteolipid protein (Plp) promoter-driven Cre-loxP recombination system, we were able to assess how timed ablation of Cxcr2 in oligodendroglia affected disease following intracranial infection with the neurotropic JHM strain of mouse hepatitis virus (JHMV). Generation of Plp-Cre-ER(T)::Cxcr2flox/flox transgenic mice (termed Cxcr2-CKO mice) allows for Cxcr2 to be silenced in oligodendrocytes in adult mice following treatment with tamoxifen. Ablation of oligodendroglia Cxcr2 did not influence clinical severity in response to intracranial infection with JHMV. Infiltration of activated T cells or myeloid cells into the central nervous system (CNS) was not affected, nor was the ability to control viral infection. In addition, the severity of demyelination was similar between tamoxifen-treated mice and vehicle-treated controls. Notably, deletion of Cxcr2 resulted in increased remyelination, as assessed by g-ratio (the ratio of the inner axonal diameter to the total outer fiber diameter) calculation, compared to that in vehicle-treated control mice. Collectively, our findings argue that CXCR2 signaling in oligodendroglia is dispensable with regard to contributing to neuroinflammation, but its deletion enhances remyelination in a preclinical model of the human demyelinating disease multiple sclerosis (MS).IMPORTANCE Signaling through the chemokine receptor CXCR2 in oligodendroglia is important for developmental myelination in rodents, while chemical inhibition or nonspecific genetic deletion of CXCR2 appears to augment myelin repair in animal models of the human demyelinating disease multiple sclerosis (MS). To better understand the biology of CXCR2 signaling on oligodendroglia, we generated transgenic mice in which Cxcr2 is selectively ablated in oligodendroglia upon treatment with tamoxifen. Using a viral model of neuroinflammation and demyelination, we demonstrate that genetic silencing of CXCR2 on oligodendroglia did not affect clinical disease, neuroinflammation, or demyelination, yet there was increased remyelination. These findings support and extend previous findings suggesting that targeting CXCR2 may offer a therapeutic avenue for enhancing remyelination in patients with demyelinating diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett S Marro
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Dominic D Skinner
- Division of Microbiology & Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Yuting Cheng
- Division of Microbiology & Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Jonathan J Grist
- Division of Microbiology & Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Laura L Dickey
- Division of Microbiology & Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Emily Eckman
- Division of Microbiology & Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Colleen Stone
- Division of Microbiology & Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Liping Liu
- Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Richard M Ransohoff
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Thomas E Lane
- Division of Microbiology & Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Immunology, Inflammation & Infectious Disease Initiative, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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Zheng Y, Fu X, Liu Q, Guan S, Liu C, Xiu C, Gong T, Jin H, Saijilafu, Zhang Z, Chen D, Chen J. Characterization of Cre recombinase mouse lines enabling cell type-specific targeting of postnatal intervertebral discs. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:14422-14431. [PMID: 30675722 PMCID: PMC6650379 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Cre/loxP technology is an important tool for studying cell type-specific gene functions. Cre recombinase mouse lines, including Agc1-CreERT2 , Col2a1-Cre; Col2a1-CreERT2 , Shh-Cre, Shh-CreERT2 , and Osx-Cre, have been proven to be valuable tools to elucidate the biology of long bones, yet the information for their activity in postnatal intervertebral disc (IVD) tissues was very limited. In this study, we used R26-mTmG fluorescent reporter to systematically analyze cell specificity and targeting efficiency of these six mouse lines in IVD tissues at postnatal growing and adult stages. We found that Agc1-CreERT2 is effective to direct recombination in all components of IVDs, including annulus fibrosus (AF), nucleus pulposus (NP), and cartilaginous endplate (CEP), upon tamoxifen induction at either 2 weeks or 2 months of ages. Moreover, Col2a1-Cre targets most of the cells in IVDs, except for some cells in the outer AF (OAF) and NP. In contrast, the activity of Col2a1-CreERT2 is mainly limited to the IAF of IVD tissues at either stage of tamoxifen injection. Similarly, Shh-Cre directs recombination specifically in all NP cells, whereas Shh-CreERT2 is active only in a few NP cells when tamoxifen is administered at either stage. Finally, Osx-Cre targets cells in the CEP, but not in the NP or AF of IVDs tissues at these two stages. Thus, our data demonstrated that all these Cre lines can direct recombination in IVD tissues at postnatal stages with different cell type specificity and/or targeting efficiency, and can, therefore, serve as valuable tools to dissect cell type-specific gene functions in IVD development and homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Zheng
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China,Orthopedic Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xuejie Fu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China,Orthopedic Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qingbai Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China,Department of Orthopedics, Lianshui County Peopleʼs Hospital, Huaian, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shengqi Guan
- Laboratory Animal Center, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Cunchang Liu
- Orthopedic Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chunmei Xiu
- Orthopedic Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tingting Gong
- Orthopedic Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongting Jin
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Saijilafu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China,Orthopedic Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zunyi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Mammalian Organogenesis and Regeneration, College of Life and Environmental Science, Institute of Life Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Di Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jianquan Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China,Orthopedic Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
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Schwann cell precursors contribute to skeletal formation during embryonic development in mice and zebrafish. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:15068-15073. [PMID: 31285319 PMCID: PMC6660740 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1900038116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Multipotent Schwann cell precursors (SCPs) generate numerous cell types. Here, in both mouse and zebrafish, SCPs contributed to the generation of mesenchymal, chondroprogenitor, and osteoprogenitor cells during embryonic development. These findings reveal a source of cartilage and bone cells and previously unanticipated interactions between the nervous system and skeleton during development. Immature multipotent embryonic peripheral glial cells, the Schwann cell precursors (SCPs), differentiate into melanocytes, parasympathetic neurons, chromaffin cells, and dental mesenchymal populations. Here, genetic lineage tracing revealed that, during murine embryonic development, some SCPs detach from nerve fibers to become mesenchymal cells, which differentiate further into chondrocytes and mature osteocytes. This occurred only during embryonic development, producing numerous craniofacial and trunk skeletal elements, without contributing to development of the appendicular skeleton. Formation of chondrocytes from SCPs also occurred in zebrafish, indicating evolutionary conservation. Our findings reveal multipotency of SCPs, providing a developmental link between the nervous system and skeleton.
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Myelinating Glia-Specific Deletion of Fbxo7 in Mice Triggers Axonal Degeneration in the Central Nervous System Together with Peripheral Neuropathy. J Neurosci 2019; 39:5606-5626. [PMID: 31085610 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3094-18.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Myelination of axons facilitates the rapid propagation of electrical signals and the long-term integrity of axons. The ubiquitin-proteasome system is essential for proper protein homeostasis, which is particularly crucial for interactions of postmitotic cells. In our study, we examined how the E3 ubiquitin ligase FBXO7-SCF (SKP1, Cul1, F-box protein) expressed in myelinating cells affects the axon-myelin unit. Deletion of Fbxo7 in oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells in mice using the Cnp1-Cre driver line led to motor impairment due to hindlimb paresis. It did not result in apoptosis of myelinating cells, nor did it affect the proper myelination of axons or lead to demyelination. It however triggered axonal degeneration in the CNS and resulted in the severe degeneration of axons in the PNS, inducing a full-blown neuropathy. Both the CNS and PNS displayed inflammation, while the PNS was also characterized by fibrosis, massive infiltration of macrophages, and edema. Tamoxifen-induced deletion of Fbxo7, after myelination using the Plp1-CreERT2 line, led to a small number of degenerated axons and hence a very mild peripheral neuropathy. Interestingly, loss of Fbxo7 also resulted in reduced proteasome activity in Schwann cells but not in cerebellar granule neurons, indicating a specific sensitivity of the former cell type. Together, our results demonstrate an essential role for FBXO7 in myelinating cells to support associated axons, which is fundamental to the proper developmental establishment and the long-term integrity of the axon-myelin unit.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The myelination of axons facilitates the fast propagation of electrical signals and the trophic support of the myelin-axon unit. Here, we report that deletion of Fbxo7 in myelinating cells in mice triggered motor impairment but had no effect on myelin biogenesis. Loss of Fbxo7 in myelinating glia, however, led to axonal degeneration in the CNS and peripheral neuropathy of the axonal type. In addition, we found that Schwann cells were particularly sensitive to Fbxo7 deficiency reflected by reduced proteasome activity. Based on these findings, we conclude that Fbxo7 is essential for the support of the axon-myelin unit and long-term axonal health.
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