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Zhu Y, Mierau JO, Bakker SJL, Dekker LH, Navis GJ. Sarcopenia augments the risk of excess weight on COVID-19 hospitalization: A prospective study using the Lifelines COVID-19 cohort. Nutrition 2024; 121:112361. [PMID: 38367316 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2024.112361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We investigated the associations of sarcopenia alone, overweight or obesity, and sarcopenic overweight or obesity with COVID-19 hospitalization. METHODS Participants from the Lifelines COVID-19 cohort who were infected with COVID-19 were included in this study. Sarcopenia was defined as a relative deviation of muscle mass of ≤ -1.0 SD from the sex-specific mean 24-h urinary creatinine excretion. Overweight or obesity was defined as a body mass index ≥ 25 kg/m2. Sarcopenic overweight or obesity was defined as the presence of overweight or obesity and low muscle mass. COVID-19 hospitalization was self-reported. Logistic regression models were used to analyze the associations of sarcopenia alone, overweight or obesity, and sarcopenic overweight or obesity with COVID-19 hospitalization. RESULTS Of the 3594 participants infected with COVID-19 and recruited in this study, 173 had been admitted to the hospital. Compared with the reference group, individuals with overweight or obesity and sarcopenic overweight or obesity were 1.78-times and 2.09-times more likely to have been hospitalized for COVID-19, respectively, whereas sarcopenia alone did not increase the risk of COVID-19 hospitalization. CONCLUSIONS In this middle-aged population, sarcopenic overweight or obesity elevated the risk of hospitalization for COVID-19 in those infected with COVID-19 more than overweight or obesity alone. These data support the relevance of sarcopenic overweight or obesity as a risk factor beyond the geriatric setting and should be considered in risk stratification in future public health and vaccination campaigns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinjie Zhu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Jochen O Mierau
- Team Strategy and External Relations, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands; Lifelines Cohort Study and Biobank, Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Economics, Econometrics and Finance, Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Stephan J L Bakker
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Louise H Dekker
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Gerjan J Navis
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
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Verot E, Chaux R, Gagnaire J, Bonjean P, Gagneux-Brunon A, Berthelot P, Pelissier C, Boulamail B, Chauvin F, Pozzetto B, Botelho-Nevers E. Evaluating the Knowledge of and Behavior Toward COVID-19 and the Possibility of Isolating at a City Level: Survey Study. JMIR Public Health Surveill 2024; 10:e47170. [PMID: 38602767 PMCID: PMC11013031 DOI: 10.2196/47170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mass testing campaigns were proposed in France during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic to detect and isolate asymptomatic individuals infected by SARS-CoV-2. During mass testing in Saint-Étienne (February 2021), we performed a survey of the general population. OBJECTIVE We evaluated, on the scale of a city's population, the literacy level about SARS-CoV-2 transmission, barrier gesture respect, and isolation acceptability or possibility in case of SARS-CoV-2 infection. METHODS We used the validated CovQuest-CC questionnaire. Data were analyzed and correlated with volunteer characteristics and their SARS-CoV-2 screening results using multivariate analysis. RESULTS In total, 4707 participants completed the CovQuest-CC questionnaire. Multivariate analysis revealed that female sex was a determinant of a higher score of knowledge about SARS-CoV-2 transmission (adjusted β coefficient=0.14, 95% CI 0.04-0.23; corrected P=.02). Older ages of 50-59 years (adjusted β coefficient=0.25, 95% CI 0.19-0.31; corrected P<.001) and ≥60 years (adjusted β coefficient=0.25, 95% CI 0.15-0.34; corrected P<.001) were determinants of a higher score on barrier gesture respect compared to ages 20-49 years considered as reference. Female sex was also a determinant of a higher score on barrier gesture respect (adjusted β coefficient=0.10, 95% CI 0.02-4.63; corrected P<.001). The knowledge score was correlated with the score on barrier gesture respect measures (adjusted β coefficient=0.03, 95% CI 0.001-0.004; corrected P=.001). Older ages of 50-59 years (adjusted β coefficient=0.21, 95% CI 0.13-0.29; corrected P<.001) and ≥60 years (adjusted β coefficient=0.25, 95% CI 0.1-0.38; corrected P<.001) were determinants of a higher score on isolation acceptability or possibility compared to the age of 20-49 years considered as reference. Finally, the knowledge score regarding SARS-CoV-2 transmission was significantly associated with a lower risk of RT-PCR (reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction) positivity (adjusted odds ratio 0.80, 95% CI 0.69-0.94; corrected P<.03), implying that a 1-point increase in the knowledge score lowers the risk of positivity by 20% on average. CONCLUSIONS This study identified factors associated with health literacy regarding SARS-CoV-2 infection in asymptomatic individuals in a large French city's population. We can confirm that in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, the determinants of better health literacy are not the same as those in other contexts. It seems critical to obtain a more detailed understanding of the determinants of individual citizens' behavior, as part of a strategy to combat the large-scale spread of the virus. The harsh experience of this pandemic should teach us how to nurture research to structure customized interventions to encourage the adoption of ad hoc behaviors to engage citizens in adapting behaviors more favorable to their health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Verot
- CIC EC 1408 INSERM Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne cedex 2, France
- Laboratoire Parcours Santé Systémique- UR4129, Université Jean Monnet, Université de Lyon, St Priest-en-Jarez, France
- Chaire Hygée, Institut PRESAGE, Université Jean Monnet, Université de Lyon, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Robin Chaux
- Unité de Recherche Clinique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Julie Gagnaire
- Laboratoire Parcours Santé Systémique- UR4129, Université Jean Monnet, Université de Lyon, St Priest-en-Jarez, France
- Unité de Gestion des Risques infectieux, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
- Service d'Infectiologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
- Team GIMAP, CIRI-Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Université Jean Monnet, Université de Lyon, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Paul Bonjean
- Unité de Recherche Clinique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Amandine Gagneux-Brunon
- Laboratoire Parcours Santé Systémique- UR4129, Université Jean Monnet, Université de Lyon, St Priest-en-Jarez, France
- Service d'Infectiologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
- Team GIMAP, CIRI-Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Université Jean Monnet, Université de Lyon, Saint-Etienne, France
- Chaire PreVacCI, Institut PRESAGE, Université Jean Monnet, Université de Lyon, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Philippe Berthelot
- Unité de Gestion des Risques infectieux, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
- Service d'Infectiologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
- Team GIMAP, CIRI-Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Université Jean Monnet, Université de Lyon, Saint-Etienne, France
- Chaire PreVacCI, Institut PRESAGE, Université Jean Monnet, Université de Lyon, Saint-Etienne, France
- Laboratoire des Agents Infectieux et d'Hygiène, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Carole Pelissier
- Occupational Health Service University Hospital Center of Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
- UMRESTTE, Université Lyon 1, Université Gustave Eiffel-IFSTTAR, UMR t 9405, Lyon, France
| | - Billal Boulamail
- Unité de Gestion des Risques infectieux, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Franck Chauvin
- CIC EC 1408 INSERM Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne cedex 2, France
- Laboratoire Parcours Santé Systémique- UR4129, Université Jean Monnet, Université de Lyon, St Priest-en-Jarez, France
- Chaire Hygée, Institut PRESAGE, Université Jean Monnet, Université de Lyon, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Bruno Pozzetto
- Team GIMAP, CIRI-Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Université Jean Monnet, Université de Lyon, Saint-Etienne, France
- Laboratoire des Agents Infectieux et d'Hygiène, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Elisabeth Botelho-Nevers
- Laboratoire Parcours Santé Systémique- UR4129, Université Jean Monnet, Université de Lyon, St Priest-en-Jarez, France
- Service d'Infectiologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
- Team GIMAP, CIRI-Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Université Jean Monnet, Université de Lyon, Saint-Etienne, France
- Chaire PreVacCI, Institut PRESAGE, Université Jean Monnet, Université de Lyon, Saint-Etienne, France
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Beurton A, Kooistra EJ, De Jong A, Schiffl H, Jourdain M, Garcia B, Vimpère D, Jaber S, Pickkers P, Papazian L. Specific and Non-specific Aspects and Future Challenges of ICU Care Among COVID-19 Patients with Obesity: A Narrative Review. Curr Obes Rep 2024:10.1007/s13679-024-00562-3. [PMID: 38573465 DOI: 10.1007/s13679-024-00562-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Since the end of 2019, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has infected nearly 800 million people and caused almost seven million deaths. Obesity was quickly identified as a risk factor for severe COVID-19, ICU admission, acute respiratory distress syndrome, organ support including mechanical ventilation and prolonged length of stay. The relationship among obesity; COVID-19; and respiratory, thrombotic, and renal complications upon admission to the ICU is unclear. RECENT FINDINGS The predominant effect of a hyperinflammatory status or a cytokine storm has been suggested in patients with obesity, but more recent studies have challenged this hypothesis. Numerous studies have also shown increased mortality among critically ill patients with obesity and COVID-19, casting doubt on the obesity paradox, with survival advantages with overweight and mild obesity being reported in other ICU syndromes. Finally, it is now clear that the increase in the global prevalence of overweight and obesity is a major public health issue that must be accompanied by a transformation of our ICUs, both in terms of equipment and human resources. Research must also focus more on these patients to improve their care. In this review, we focused on the central role of obesity in critically ill patients during this pandemic, highlighting its specificities during their stay in the ICU, identifying the lessons we have learned, and identifying areas for future research as well as the future challenges for ICU activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Beurton
- Department of Intensive Care, Hôpital Tenon, APHP, Paris, France.
- UMR_S 1158 Neurophysiologie Respiratoire Expérimentale et Clinique, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.
| | - Emma J Kooistra
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Audrey De Jong
- Anesthesia and Critical Care Department, Saint Eloi Teaching Hospital, University Montpellier 1, Montpellier, France
- Phymed Exp INSERM U1046, CNRS UMR 9214, Montpellier, France
| | - Helmut Schiffl
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Mercedes Jourdain
- CHU Lille, Univ-Lille, INSERM UMR 1190, ICU Department, F-59037, Lille, France
| | - Bruno Garcia
- CHU Lille, Univ-Lille, INSERM UMR 1190, ICU Department, F-59037, Lille, France
| | - Damien Vimpère
- Anesthesia and Critical Care Department, Hôpital Necker, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Samir Jaber
- Anesthesia and Critical Care Department, Saint Eloi Teaching Hospital, University Montpellier 1, Montpellier, France
- Phymed Exp INSERM U1046, CNRS UMR 9214, Montpellier, France
| | - Peter Pickkers
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Laurent Papazian
- Intensive Care Unit, Centre Hospitalier de Bastia, Bastia, Corsica, France
- Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
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Akbar Z, Kunhipurayil HH, Saliba J, Ahmad J, Al-Mansoori L, Al-Khatib HA, Al Thani AA, Shi Z, Shaito AA. The Association between Lifestyle Factors and COVID-19: Findings from Qatar Biobank. Nutrients 2024; 16:1037. [PMID: 38613072 PMCID: PMC11013885 DOI: 10.3390/nu16071037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) manifestations range from mild to severe life-threatening symptoms, including death. COVID-19 susceptibility has been associated with various factors, but studies in Qatar are limited. The objective of this study was to investigate the correlation between COVID-19 susceptibility and various sociodemographic and lifestyle factors, including age, gender, body mass index, smoking status, education level, dietary patterns, supplement usage, physical activity, a history of bariatric surgery, diabetes, and hypertension. We utilized logistic regression to analyze these associations, using the data of 10,000 adult participants, aged from 18 to 79, from Qatar Biobank. In total, 10.5% (n = 1045) of the participants had COVID-19. Compared to non-smokers, current and ex-smokers had lower odds of having COVID-19 (odds ratio [OR] = 0.55; 95% CI: 0.44-0.68 and OR = 0.70; 95% CI: 0.57-0.86, respectively). Vitamin D supplement use was associated with an 18% reduction in the likelihood of contracting COVID-19 (OR = 0.82; 95% CI: 0.69-0.97). Obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2), a history of bariatric surgery, and higher adherence to the modern dietary pattern-characterized by the consumption of foods high in saturated fat and refined carbohydrates-were positively associated with COVID-19. Our findings indicate that adopting a healthy lifestyle may be helpful in the prevention of COVID-19 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoha Akbar
- Department of Human Nutrition, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
| | | | - Jessica Saliba
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Balamand, Beirut P.O. Box 100, Lebanon
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut P.O. Box 90656, Lebanon
| | - Jamil Ahmad
- Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha P.O. Box 3050, Qatar
| | - Layla Al-Mansoori
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar (H.A.A.-K.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
| | - Hebah A. Al-Khatib
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar (H.A.A.-K.)
| | - Asmaa A. Al Thani
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar (H.A.A.-K.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
| | - Zumin Shi
- Department of Human Nutrition, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
| | - Abdullah A. Shaito
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar (H.A.A.-K.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
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Alkharsah KR. Utility of the Xpert Xpress CoV-2/Flu/RSV Plus Kit: A Glance at RSV Infection in Adults and Coinfection Rate. Saudi J Med Med Sci 2024; 12:182-187. [PMID: 38764565 PMCID: PMC11098272 DOI: 10.4103/sjmms.sjmms_376_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Background Viral infection is responsible for the majority of respiratory tract infections (RTI). This retrospective study evaluates the advantages of using the multiplex Xpert Xpress CoV-2/Flu/RSV plus kit in laboratory diagnosis of RTI caused by the most related viruses. Materials and Methods Data were obtained from medical records between November 2021 and May 2023 for any sample tested using either the Xpert Xpress Flu/RSV kit, Xpert Xpress Flu kit, Xpert Xpress SARS-CoV-2 kit, and Xpert Xpress CoV-2/Flu/RSV plus kit. Results Influenza virus A was detected in 8.5% (55/649) of the samples using the Flu PCR kit and in 4.9% (123/2538) using CoV-2/Flu/RSV plus kit, while influenza virus B detection rates were 3.7% (24/649) using the Flu PCR kit and 1.7% (43/2538) using the CoV-2/Flu/RSV plus kit. However, the detection rates using the two kits were comparable when evaluated for the same time period of the year. SARS-CoV-2 infections were detected in 16.9% (1545/9153) and 10.5% (266/2538) of the cases using the SARS-CoV-2 kit and CoV-2/Flu/RSV plus kits, respectively. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) was identified in 17.7% (66/372) of children using Flu/RSV kit; this number dropped significantly when age-targeted testing of RSV was performed due to involvements of adults. With the CoV-2/Flu/RSV plus kit, about 34% (35/103) of RSV infections detected were in patients aged >20 years; these cases would have previously been overlooked because adults are not routinely tested for RSV using the Flu/RSV kit. All coinfection cases (n = 16) were only detected with the CoV-2/Flu/RSV plus kit. Conclusion The use of Xpert Xpress CoV-2/Flu/RSV plus kit not only results in shorter turnaround times through accurate detection of all four viruses, but also provides information on RSV infection in adults and coinfection rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled R. Alkharsah
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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Kang SY, Kim YJ, Cho HJ. COVID-19 Outcome and Tobacco Product Use: Case-Control and Retrospective Cohort Studies Using Nationwide Samples. J Korean Med Sci 2024; 39:e103. [PMID: 38529574 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2024.39.e103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Conflicting evidence exists regarding the association between smoking and the risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. We investigated the association between combustible cigarette (CC) smoking, noncombustible tobacco product (NCTP) use, and the use of any tobacco product with various coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outcomes. METHODS A case-control study was conducted using the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency-COVID19-National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) cohort. A retrospective cohort study was conducted using 12,571,698 individuals from the NHIS cohort. Logistic regression evaluated the association between CC smoking, NCTP use, and use of any tobacco product with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Poisson regression evaluated the association between these forms of tobacco product use and COVID-19-related hospitalization and mortality. RESULTS In the case-control study, we identified 30,878 cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The odds ratios (95% confidence intervals [CIs]) for SARS-CoV-2 infection were lower among current CC smokers (0.51, 0.48-0.54), current- and former-NCTP users (0.80, 0.74-0.88; 0.82, 0.74-0.91), and current users of any tobacco product (0.52, 0.49-0.55) relative to never user controls. In retrospective cohort study, we identified 16,521 COVID-19-related hospitalization and 362 COVID-19-related deaths. The relative risks (95% CIs) for COVID-19-related hospitalization were lower among current CC smokers (0.51, 0.48-0.54) and current users of any tobacco product (0.53, 0.50-0.56) relative to never user controls. There was no association between the use of tobacco product and COVID-19-related mortality. CONCLUSION Current CC smokers and current users of any tobacco product showed reduced risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19-related hospitalization. It remains uncertain whether these relationships are causal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seo Young Kang
- Department of Family Medicine, Uijeongbu Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University School of Medicine, Uijeongbu, Korea
| | - Ye-Jee Kim
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatics, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hong-Jun Cho
- Department of Family Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Yu T, Zhai Y, Cui C, Su Z. The prevalence of COVID-19 infection, associated risk factors and post-COVID-19 symptoms among vaccinated people, in Anhui Province, China: A cross-sectional study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e37366. [PMID: 38457568 PMCID: PMC10919510 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000037366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
To investigate the infection status of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) among people in Anhui Province, China after the epidemic prevention and control measures were lifted, and to study and analyze its related influencing factors. From March 11 to May 20, 2023, questionnaires on COVID-19 were distributed on the Questionnaire Star platform, and Statistical Product and Service Solutions software (version 19.0) was used for statistical processing. The results showed that the infection rate of COVID-19 among respondents reached 72.24%. 58.81% of the infected people reported post COVID-19 symptoms. Fever, fatigue, and cough were the main symptoms during infection. The results of multi-factor logistic regression analysis showed that there is statistical significance between age (P = .002), residential area (P = .025), number of vaccine injections (P < .001) and the risk of new coronavirus infection. COVID-19 had a high infection rate, and children had a lower risk of COVID-19. People living in cities were more susceptible to COVID-19, and it was necessary to increase the number of vaccine doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyun Yu
- Department of General Medicine, Chaohu Hospital affiliated with Anhui Medical University, Chaohu, China
| | - Yujia Zhai
- Department of General Medicine, Chaohu Hospital affiliated with Anhui Medical University, Chaohu, China
| | - Can Cui
- Department of General Medicine, Chaohu Hospital affiliated with Anhui Medical University, Chaohu, China
| | - Zengfeng Su
- Department of General Medicine, Chaohu Hospital affiliated with Anhui Medical University, Chaohu, China
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Kulkarni D, Ismail NF, Zhu F, Wang X, del Carmen Morales G, Srivastava A, Allen KE, Spinardi J, Rahman AE, Kyaw MH, Nair H. Epidemiology and clinical features of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children and adolescents in the pre-Omicron era: A global systematic review and meta-analysis. J Glob Health 2024; 14:05003. [PMID: 38419461 PMCID: PMC10902805 DOI: 10.7189/jogh.14.05003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Methods We searched MEDLINE, Embase, Global Health, CINAHL, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang, CQvip, and the World Health Organization (WHO) COVID-19 global literature databases for primary studies recruiting children aged ≤18 years with a diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed either by molecular or antigen tests. We used the Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tools to appraise the study quality and conducted meta-analyses using the random effects model for all outcomes except for race/ethnicity as risk factors of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Results We included 237 studies, each reporting at least one of the study outcomes. Based on data from 117 studies, the pooled SARS-CoV-2 positivity rate was 9.30% (95% confidence interval (CI) = 7.15-11.73). Having a comorbidity was identified as a risk factor for SARS-CoV-2 infection (risk ratio (RR) = 1.33; 95% CI = 1.04-1.71) based on data from 49 studies. Most cases in this review presented with mild disease (n = 50; 52.47% (95% CI = 44.03-60.84)). However, 20.70% of paediatric SARS-CoV-2 infections were hospitalised (67 studies), 7.19% required oxygen support (57 studies), 4.26% required intensive care (93 studies), and 2.92% required assisted ventilation (63 studies). The case fatality ratio (n = 119) was 0.87% (95% CI = 0.54-1.28), which included in-hospital and out-of-hospital deaths. Conclusions Our data showed that children were at risk for SARS-CoV-2 infections and severe outcomes in the pre-Omicron era. These findings underscore the need for effective vaccination strategies for the paediatric population to protect against the acute and long-term sequelae of COVID-19. Registration PROSPERO: CRD42022327680.
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Affiliation(s)
- Durga Kulkarni
- Centre for Global Health, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Nabihah Farhana Ismail
- Centre for Global Health, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Communicable Disease Control Unit, Public Health Department, Johor State, Malaysia
| | - Fuyu Zhu
- Schol of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Schol of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, China
| | | | | | | | | | - Ahmed Ehsanur Rahman
- Centre for Global Health, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Diseases Research, Bangladesh
| | | | - Harish Nair
- Centre for Global Health, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Schol of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, China
- MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Mokaya EN, Atem NA, Awzenio G, Mukombo L, Sesay T, Kangbai DM, Nyandemoh H, Musanhu P. Lessons From the COVID-19 Pandemic Response Implementation: A Case Study of South Sudan and Sierra Leone. Glob Health Sci Pract 2024; 12:e2300180. [PMID: 38050064 PMCID: PMC10948125 DOI: 10.9745/ghsp-d-23-00180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The COVID-19 pandemic caused havoc to health systems worldwide and in countries that already had weak health systems. There are lessons to be learned that could contribute to improved response preparedness to future public health emergencies, but there is little documentation on best practices in fragile countries. We describe lessons from South Sudan and Sierra Leone during the COVID-19 response implementation. METHODS We conducted a retrospective descriptive analysis of COVID-19 vaccination implementation at national and subnational levels between 2020 and 2022 in South Sudan and Sierra Leone to identify those practices that had a positive impact on public health. RESULTS Several interventions were identified that not only improved the COVID-19 situation but also had a positive effect on routine immunizations. The development of a near-real-time vaccination dashboard gave stakeholders a quick look at vaccine implementation, allowing them to make decisions based on current data. The experience acquired from deploying the COVID-19 dashboard has since been applied to the development of a routine immunization dashboard in South Sudan. Surge vaccination was an effective approach to improving COVID-19 vaccination uptake. A measles reactive campaign was conducted during the initial stages of the pandemic when movement was restricted; experience gained from that effort was subsequently applied to COVID-19 mass vaccination initiatives and outbreak reactive campaigns. Additional vaccinators recruited for COVID-19 response also received comprehensive Immunization in Practice training, allowing them to provide routine childhood vaccinations alongside COVID-19 vaccination, contributing to the maintenance of routine vaccination services in both countries. CONCLUSION Lessons were learned during the COVID-19 response implementation that have had a positive impact on routine health services. However, it is essential that these effects are maintained and further refined to strengthen the country's preparedness for future public health emergencies and better support the broader immunization service delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lawrence Mukombo
- South Sudan World Health Organization Country Office, Juba, South Sudan
| | - Tom Sesay
- Sierra Leone Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Freetown, Sierra Leone
| | | | - Haurace Nyandemoh
- Sierra Leone Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Freetown, Sierra Leone
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10
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Li G, Wu J, Huang Y, Wang Q, Xing T, Ou T. Risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia among renal transplant recipients in Beijing Omicron wave. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0300523. [PMID: 38230924 PMCID: PMC10846129 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03005-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The novel coronavirus disease-19 had become an unprecedented global health emergency, quickly expanding worldwide. Omicron (B.1.1.529), as a novel variant of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), was initially identified in South Africa and Botswana. Renal transplant recipients (RTRs) are a special group and are more vulnerable to viral pneumonia. Thus, this study aimed to assess the incidence and risk factors of SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia that occurred in RTRs with Omicron infection. This single-center case-control study enrolled the RTRs who were diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection by the SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid test, which were divided into two groups according to the imaging features of SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia. The parameters were collected by questionnaires and analyzed using Statistical Product and Service Solutions. A total of 313 RTRs completed the questionnaires, and 131 were enrolled in this study with a mean age of 42.66 years. The incidence of SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia among the enrolled participants was 76.3%. The first symptoms included fever (89.3%), cough (93.1%), and expectoration (81.7%). From the comparison, the parameters such as age, gender, body mass index, lymphocyte count, and the percent of neutrophils and the basic serum creatinine before SARS-CoV-2 infection were significantly different between the two groups (P < 0.05). In multivariate analysis, age and the basic serum creatinine were independent risk factors for developing SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia (P < 0.05). Older RTRs with a high level of serum creatinine before SARS-CoV-2 infection were more at risk of developing SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia. More randomized controlled studies are needed.IMPORTANCEThis study aimed to assess the incidence and the risk factors of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pneumonia that occurred in renal transplant recipients (RTRs) with Omicron infection. In conclusion, older RTRs with a high level of serum creatinine before SARS-CoV-2 infection were more at risk of developing SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia and should be timely treated, in case of severe pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangping Li
- Department of Urology, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiangtao Wu
- Department of Urology, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Huang
- Department of Urology, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Urology, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tianying Xing
- Department of Urology, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tongwen Ou
- Department of Urology, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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11
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Mendiboure V, Teiti I, Aubry M, Teissier A, Paoaafaite T, Vanhomwegen J, Manuguerra JC, Fontanet A, Cao-Lormeau VM, Madec Y. SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence and associated factors of infection before and after the Delta wave in French Polynesia: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:382. [PMID: 38317107 PMCID: PMC10840228 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-17869-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND French Polynesia (FP) comprises 75 inhabited islands scattered across five archipelagos. Between July and October 2021, the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant triggered a much stronger second epidemic wave in FP than the original Wuhan strain, which was dominant from August 2020 to March 2021. Although previous seroprevalence surveys made it possible to determine the proportion of the population infected by SARS-CoV-2 on the two most populated islands (Tahiti and Moorea) after the first (20.6% in Tahiti and 9.4% in Moorea) and second (57.7% in Tahiti) epidemic waves, no data are available for more remote islands. We used blood samples and personal data collected before, during, and after the second wave from inhabitants of several islands within the five archipelagos to assess the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infections and identify associated factors. METHODS Blood samples and personal data were collected between April and December 2021 as part of the MATAEA study, a cross-sectional survey conducted on a random sample of the adult population representative of the five FP archipelagos and stratified by age and gender. IgG antibodies targeting the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (N) protein were detected using a recombinant antigen-based microsphere immunoassay. Factors associated with anti-SARS-CoV-2-N seropositivity were identified using logistic regression models. RESULTS Of 1,120 participants, 503 (44.9%) tested positive for anti-SARS-CoV-2-N antibodies, corresponding to a weighted prevalence of 56.8% for the FP population aged 18-69 years. The seroprevalence increased from 21.9% to 62.1% before and during/after the Delta wave. Of these infections, only 28.4% had been diagnosed by health professionals. The odds of being seropositive were lower in males, participants recruited before the Delta wave, those who had never been married, those with a diagnosed respiratory allergy, smokers, and those vaccinated against COVID-19. CONCLUSIONS Our results confirm the high impact of the Delta wave in FP. By the end of 2021, 56.8% of the FP population aged 18-69 years had been infected by SARS-CoV-2; the majority of these infections went undetected. Individuals with respiratory allergies were found to be less susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Mendiboure
- Emerging Diseases Epidemiology Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Iotefa Teiti
- Laboratory of Research On Emerging Viral Diseases, Institut Louis Malardé, Papeete, Tahiti, French Polynesia
| | - Maite Aubry
- Laboratory of Research On Emerging Viral Diseases, Institut Louis Malardé, Papeete, Tahiti, French Polynesia
| | - Anita Teissier
- Laboratory of Research On Emerging Viral Diseases, Institut Louis Malardé, Papeete, Tahiti, French Polynesia
| | - Tuterarii Paoaafaite
- Laboratory of Research On Emerging Viral Diseases, Institut Louis Malardé, Papeete, Tahiti, French Polynesia
| | - Jessica Vanhomwegen
- Environment and Infectious Risks Unit, Laboratory for Urgent Response to Biological Threats (CIBU), Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Claude Manuguerra
- Environment and Infectious Risks Unit, Laboratory for Urgent Response to Biological Threats (CIBU), Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Arnaud Fontanet
- Emerging Diseases Epidemiology Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, 75015, Paris, France
- Conservatoire National Des Arts Et Métiers, Unité PACRI, 75003, Paris, France
| | - Van-Mai Cao-Lormeau
- Laboratory of Research On Emerging Viral Diseases, Institut Louis Malardé, Papeete, Tahiti, French Polynesia
| | - Yoann Madec
- Emerging Diseases Epidemiology Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, 75015, Paris, France.
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12
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Yamaguchi F, Suzuki A, Hashiguchi M, Kondo E, Maeda A, Yokoe T, Sasaki J, Shikama Y, Hayashi M, Kobayashi S, Suzuki H. Combination of rRT-PCR and Clinical Features to Predict Coronavirus Disease 2019 for Nosocomial Infection Control. Infect Drug Resist 2024; 17:161-170. [PMID: 38260181 PMCID: PMC10802122 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s432198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), immediately became a pandemic. Therefore, nosocomial infection control is necessary to screen for patients with possible COVID-19. Objective This study aimed to investigate commonly measured clinical variables to predict COVID-19. Methods This cross-sectional study enrolled 1087 patients in the isolation ward of a university hospital. Conferences were organized to differentiate COVID-19 from non-COVID-19 cases, and multiple nucleic acid tests were mandatory when COVID-19 could not be excluded. Multivariate logistic regression models were employed to determine the clinical factors associated with COVID-19 at the time of hospitalization. Results Overall, 352 (32.4%) patients were diagnosed with COVID-19. The majority of the non-COVID-19 cases were predominantly caused by bacterial infections. Multivariate analysis indicated that COVID-19 was significantly associated with age, sex, body mass index, lactate dehydrogenase, C-reactive protein, and malignancy. Conclusion Some clinical factors are useful to predict patients with COVID-19 among those with symptoms similar to COVID-19. This study suggests that at least two real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reactions of SARS-CoV-2 are recommended to exclude COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumihiro Yamaguchi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ayako Suzuki
- Department of Pharmacy, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Miyuki Hashiguchi
- Department of Infection Control, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Emiko Kondo
- Department of Infection Control, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Atsuo Maeda
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takuya Yokoe
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Jun Sasaki
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yusuke Shikama
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Munetaka Hayashi
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Sei Kobayashi
- Department of Otolaryngology, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Suzuki
- Department of Cardiology, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
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Martínez-Baz I, Trobajo-Sanmartín C, Miqueleiz A, Egüés N, García Cenoz M, Casado I, Navascués A, Fernández-Huerta M, Echeverría A, Guevara M, Ezpeleta C, Castilla J. Hospitalisations and Deaths Averted by COVID-19 Vaccination in Navarre, Spain, 2021-2022. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:58. [PMID: 38250871 PMCID: PMC10818920 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12010058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
In 2021-2022, most of the Spanish population received COVID-19 vaccines and a high proportion of them had SARS-CoV-2 infection. We estimated the rate of hospitalisations and deaths that were averted by risk reduction among vaccinated COVID-19 cases. Hospitalisations and deaths were analysed among COVID-19 cases confirmed in 2021 and 2022 in Navarre, Spain. To calculate the number of prevented outcomes by sex, age, comorbidities, and semester, the difference in the risk of each outcome between unvaccinated and vaccinated cases was multiplied by the number of vaccinated cases. COVID-19 vaccination coverage with any dose reached 88%, 86% with full vaccination, and 56% with a booster dose. The cumulative rates per 1000 inhabitants were 382 COVID-19 confirmed cases, 6.70 hospitalisations, and 1.15 deaths from COVID-19. The estimated rates of prevented events by vaccination were 16.33 hospitalisations and 3.39 deaths per 1000 inhabitants, which was 70.9% and 74.7% of expected events without vaccination, respectively. People aged 80 years and older or with major chronic conditions accounted for the majority of hospitalizations and deaths prevented by COVID-19 vaccination. One hospitalisation and death due to COVID-19 were averted for every 53 and 258 people vaccinated, respectively. The high COVID-19 vaccine effect in reducing the risk of severe outcomes and the high vaccination coverage in risk populations prevented three out of four hospitalisations and deaths due to COVID-19 during a period of intense circulation of SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iván Martínez-Baz
- Instituto de Salud Pública de Navarra, 31003 Pamplona, Spain; (I.M.-B.); (C.T.-S.); (M.G.C.)
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Camino Trobajo-Sanmartín
- Instituto de Salud Pública de Navarra, 31003 Pamplona, Spain; (I.M.-B.); (C.T.-S.); (M.G.C.)
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ana Miqueleiz
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Clinical Microbiology Department, Hospital Universitario de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Nerea Egüés
- Instituto de Salud Pública de Navarra, 31003 Pamplona, Spain; (I.M.-B.); (C.T.-S.); (M.G.C.)
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Manuel García Cenoz
- Instituto de Salud Pública de Navarra, 31003 Pamplona, Spain; (I.M.-B.); (C.T.-S.); (M.G.C.)
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Itziar Casado
- Instituto de Salud Pública de Navarra, 31003 Pamplona, Spain; (I.M.-B.); (C.T.-S.); (M.G.C.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ana Navascués
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Clinical Microbiology Department, Hospital Universitario de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Miguel Fernández-Huerta
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Clinical Microbiology Department, Hospital Universitario de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Aitziber Echeverría
- Instituto de Salud Pública de Navarra, 31003 Pamplona, Spain; (I.M.-B.); (C.T.-S.); (M.G.C.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Marcela Guevara
- Instituto de Salud Pública de Navarra, 31003 Pamplona, Spain; (I.M.-B.); (C.T.-S.); (M.G.C.)
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Carmen Ezpeleta
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Clinical Microbiology Department, Hospital Universitario de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Jesús Castilla
- Instituto de Salud Pública de Navarra, 31003 Pamplona, Spain; (I.M.-B.); (C.T.-S.); (M.G.C.)
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
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Lee SK, Lim Y, Jeong S, Han HW. COVID-19-related cardiovascular disease risk due to weight gain: a nationwide cohort study. Eur J Med Res 2024; 29:2. [PMID: 38167158 PMCID: PMC10762936 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-023-01569-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a significant contributor to morbidity and mortality worldwide, with CVD and post-acute COVID-19 associated CVD increasing. It remains unknown whether COVID-19 patients with weight gain are at a high risk for CVD events. Therefore, the primary objective of this study is to investigate the association between weight control and the risk of CVD following COVID-19. METHODS The study included 2,024,728 adults who participated in two rounds of health screening between 2017 and 2020. The final cohort, which included 70,996 participants in the COVID-19 group and 212,869 participants in the control group. The adjusted hazard ratio of BMI change to CVD risk was calculated using Cox proportional hazards regression. RESULTS We identified a total of 2869 cases of CVD (861 events for COVID-19 group and 2,008 events for the control group). Compared to individuals with a stable BMI, COVID-19 patients without obesity had an increased risk of CVD (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] = 2.28; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.15-4.53; p-value = 0.018). Additionally, non-COVID-19 patients with obesity also exhibited a higher risk of CVD (aHR = 1.58; 95% CI, 1.01-2.47; p-value = 0.046). CONCLUSION In conclusion, people who gained weight during the pandemic, regardless of their weight category, had a significantly higher risk of CVD associated with COVID-19 compared to those who maintained their weight before the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Kyoung Lee
- Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yohwan Lim
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, CHA University School of Medicine, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-Ro, Seongnam, 13448, Republic of Korea
| | - Seogsong Jeong
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, CHA University School of Medicine, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-Ro, Seongnam, 13448, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyun Wook Han
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, CHA University School of Medicine, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-Ro, Seongnam, 13448, Republic of Korea.
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15
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de Lusignan S, Hobbs FR, Sheikh A. Lessons from the English primary care sentinel network's response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Lancet Infect Dis 2024; 24:14-16. [PMID: 38040007 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(23)00736-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Simon de Lusignan
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX2 6ED, UK.
| | - Fd Richard Hobbs
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX2 6ED, UK
| | - Aziz Sheikh
- Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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16
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Toh TH, Qi YY, Yong SM, Lee JSY, Liyana NF, See RYH, Teh JH, Toh AZ, Naing L, Dahian K, Liew JW, Mose CN, Yong MZQ, Ling NJ, Chua DWS, Ling WW, Thirunavukkarasu N, Suhaili MR, Xia JL, Clemens J, Wang XY. Effectiveness of vero cell inactivated vaccine against severe acute respiratory infections (SARI) in Sibu, Malaysia: A retrospective test-negative design. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2023; 19:2167438. [PMID: 36705277 PMCID: PMC10012932 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2023.2167438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The effectiveness of the vero cell inactivated vaccine (CoronaVac®) against severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) caused by SARS-CoV-2 in the real world was assessed. A matched test-negative case-control design was employed using the web-based national information system, as well as the hospitalization dataset in Sibu Hospital. Vaccine effectiveness was measured by conditional logistic regression with adjustment for gender, underlying comorbidity, smoking status, and education level. Between 15 March and 30 September 2021, 838 eligible SARI patients were identified from the hospitalization records. Vaccine effectiveness was 42.4% (95% confidence interval [CI]: -28.3 to 74.1) for partial vaccination (after receiving the first dose to 14 days after receiving the second dose), and 76.5% (95% CI: 45.6 to 89.8) for complete vaccination (at 15 days or more after receiving the second dose). This analysis indicated that two doses of CoronaVac® vaccine provided efficacious protection against SARI caused by SARS-CoV-2 in the short term. However, the duration of protection, and performance against new variants need to be studied continuously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teck-Hock Toh
- Clinical Research Centre, Sibu Hospital, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Sibu, Malaysia.,Faculty of Medicine, SEGi University, Kota Damansara, Malaysia
| | - Yang-Yang Qi
- Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of MoE & MoH, and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sook-Min Yong
- Clinical Research Centre, Sibu Hospital, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Sibu, Malaysia
| | - Jeffrey Soon-Yit Lee
- Clinical Research Centre, Sibu Hospital, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Sibu, Malaysia
| | - Nur Fatin Liyana
- Clinical Research Centre, Sibu Hospital, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Sibu, Malaysia
| | | | - Jo-Hun Teh
- Divisional Health Office, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Sibu, Malaysia
| | - Aw-Zien Toh
- Clinical Research Centre, Sibu Hospital, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Sibu, Malaysia
| | - Lin Naing
- PAPRSB Institute of Health Sciences, University Brunei Darussalam, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Kamilah Dahian
- Clinical Research Centre, Sibu Hospital, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Sibu, Malaysia
| | - Jun-Wei Liew
- Medical Department, Sibu Hospital, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Sibu, Malaysia
| | - Caisha Nivenia Mose
- Emergency & Trauma Department, Sibu Hospital, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Sibu, Malaysia
| | - Malvina Zi-Qing Yong
- Clinical Research Centre, Sibu Hospital, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Sibu, Malaysia
| | - Ngiik-Jing Ling
- Clinical Research Centre, Sibu Hospital, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Sibu, Malaysia
| | - Diana Wang-Sing Chua
- Clinical Research Centre, Sibu Hospital, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Sibu, Malaysia
| | - Wee-Wei Ling
- Emergency & Trauma Department, Sibu Hospital, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Sibu, Malaysia
| | | | | | | | | | - Xuan-Yi Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of MoE & MoH, and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Children's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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17
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Yang Y, Song Y, Hou D. Obesity and COVID-19 Pandemics: Epidemiology, Mechanisms, and Management. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2023; 16:4147-4156. [PMID: 38145256 PMCID: PMC10749174 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s441762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a principle causative factor of various metabolic dysfunctions, chronic inflammation, and multi-organ impairment. The global epidemic of obesity has constituted the greatest threat to global health. Emerging evidence has associated obesity with an increased risk of severe infection and poor outcomes from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). During current COVID-19 pandemic, the interaction between COVID-19 and obesity has exaggerated the disease burden of obesity more than ever before. Thus, there is an urgent need for consideration of universal measures to reduce the risk of complications and severe illness from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) in obesity population. In this review, we first summarized the clinical evidence on the effect of obesity on susceptibility, severity, and prognosis of COVID-19. Then we discussed and the underlying mechanisms, including respiratory pathophysiology of obesity, dysregulated inflammation, upregulated angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) expression, hyperglycemia, and adipokines. Finally, we proposed recommendations on how to reduce the spread and pandemic of SARS-CoV-2 infection by prevention and treatment of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Yang
- Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuanlin Song
- Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Lung Inflammation and Injury, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Respiratory Research Institute, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dongni Hou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Lung Inflammation and Injury, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
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18
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Lim Y, Lee MH, Lee SK, Jeong S, Han HW. Increased Estimated GFR Is Negatively Associated With the Risk of SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Severe COVID-19 Within Normal to Mildly Decreased Levels: Nested Case-Control Study. J Korean Med Sci 2023; 38:e415. [PMID: 38111284 PMCID: PMC10727919 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2023.38.e415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While accumulating evidence indicates chronic kidney disease as a risk factor for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the association between normal or mildly decreased kidney function and COVID-19 is unaddressed. Here, we have examined the association of an increase in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) with the incidence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and severe COVID-19 outcomes among patients within normal to mildly decreased kidney function. METHODS The patients who participated in both health screenings from period I (2017-2018) to II (2019-2020) were enrolled to our study. All participants were categorized into four groups according to the changes in eGFR stage from period I to II: 1) persistently stage G1, 2) from stage G2 to G1, 3) from stage G1 to G2, 4) persistently stage G2. In addition, the changes in eGFR value were defined by subtracting its value of period I from II. Patients were followed up for SARS-CoV-2 infection from January 1, 2021 to any diagnosis of COVID-19 or December 31, 2021, whichever happened first. In addition, those with SARS-CoV-2 infection were followed-up for one month after diagnosis to analyze severe COVID-19. Adjusted odds ratio (aOR) was calculated using multivariable-adjusted logistic regression. RESULTS We identified 159,427 patients with and 1,804,798 patients without SARS-CoV-2 infection. The risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection decreased when eGFR stage changed from G2 to G1 (aOR, 0.957; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.938-0.977) and persistently maintained at G1 (aOR, 0.966; 95% CI, 0.943-0.990), compared with the persistently stage G2 group. In addition, the risk showed an inverse relationship with changes in eGFR value, which was depicted by restricted cubic spline curves. For the overall risk of severe COVID-19, the persistently stage G1 showed the lowest risk (aOR, 0.897; 95% CI, 0.827-0.972), followed by those from stage G1 to G2 (aOR, 0.900; 95% CI, 0.828-0.978) and those from stage G2 to G1 (aOR, 0.931; 95% CI, 0.871-0.995), compared with the persistently stage G2 group. CONCLUSION An increase in eGFR was negatively associated with the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe COVID-19 among normal or mildly decreased kidney function. For severe COVID-19, maintaining higher baseline eGFR may act as a protective factor against its risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohwan Lim
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, CHA University School of Medicine, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, CHA University School of Medicine, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Myeong Hoon Lee
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, CHA University School of Medicine, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, CHA University School of Medicine, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Su Kyoung Lee
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, CHA University School of Medicine, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, CHA University School of Medicine, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Seogsong Jeong
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, CHA University School of Medicine, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, CHA University School of Medicine, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea.
| | - Hyun Wook Han
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, CHA University School of Medicine, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, CHA University School of Medicine, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea.
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Paduano S, Granata M, Turchi S, Modenese A, Galante P, Poggi A, Marchesi I, Frezza G, Dervishaj G, Vivoli R, Verri S, Marchetti S, Gobba F, Bargellini A. Factors Associated with SARS-CoV-2 Infection Evaluated by Antibody Response in a Sample of Workers from the Emilia-Romagna Region, Northern Italy. Antibodies (Basel) 2023; 12:77. [PMID: 38131799 PMCID: PMC10740768 DOI: 10.3390/antib12040077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection risk are still debated. This case-control study aims to investigate the possible relationship between SARS-CoV-2 infection, evaluated through antibody response, and the main sociodemographic, occupational, clinical-anamnestic, and biochemical factors in a population of Modena province (Northern Italy), mainly workers. Both workers who voluntarily joined the screening campaign proposed by companies and self-referred individuals who underwent serological testing were enrolled. Subjects with antibody positivity were recruited as cases (n = 166) and subjects tested negative (n = 239) as controls. A questionnaire on sociodemographic, occupational, and clinical data was administered through telephone interviews. Serum zinc/iron/copper/chromium/nickel, vitamins D/B12, folates, triglycerides, and LDL/HDL/total cholesterol were measured. Cases lived more often in urban areas (61.8% vs. 57%). Cases and controls did not differ significantly by working macrocategories, but the percentage of workers in the ceramic sector was higher among cases. Low adherence to preventive measures in the workplace was more frequent among seropositives. Folate concentration was significantly lower among cases. Therefore, adequate folate levels, living in rural areas, and good adherence to preventive strategies seem protective against infection. Workers in the ceramic sector seem to be at greater risk; specific factors involved are not defined, but preventive interventions are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Paduano
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, Section of Public Health, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (M.G.); (S.T.); (A.M.); (P.G.); (A.P.); (I.M.); (G.F.); (G.D.); (F.G.); (A.B.)
| | - Michele Granata
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, Section of Public Health, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (M.G.); (S.T.); (A.M.); (P.G.); (A.P.); (I.M.); (G.F.); (G.D.); (F.G.); (A.B.)
| | - Sara Turchi
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, Section of Public Health, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (M.G.); (S.T.); (A.M.); (P.G.); (A.P.); (I.M.); (G.F.); (G.D.); (F.G.); (A.B.)
| | - Alberto Modenese
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, Section of Public Health, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (M.G.); (S.T.); (A.M.); (P.G.); (A.P.); (I.M.); (G.F.); (G.D.); (F.G.); (A.B.)
| | - Pasquale Galante
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, Section of Public Health, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (M.G.); (S.T.); (A.M.); (P.G.); (A.P.); (I.M.); (G.F.); (G.D.); (F.G.); (A.B.)
| | - Alessandro Poggi
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, Section of Public Health, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (M.G.); (S.T.); (A.M.); (P.G.); (A.P.); (I.M.); (G.F.); (G.D.); (F.G.); (A.B.)
| | - Isabella Marchesi
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, Section of Public Health, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (M.G.); (S.T.); (A.M.); (P.G.); (A.P.); (I.M.); (G.F.); (G.D.); (F.G.); (A.B.)
| | - Giuseppina Frezza
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, Section of Public Health, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (M.G.); (S.T.); (A.M.); (P.G.); (A.P.); (I.M.); (G.F.); (G.D.); (F.G.); (A.B.)
| | - Giulia Dervishaj
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, Section of Public Health, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (M.G.); (S.T.); (A.M.); (P.G.); (A.P.); (I.M.); (G.F.); (G.D.); (F.G.); (A.B.)
| | - Roberto Vivoli
- Test Laboratory, 41100 Modena, Italy; (R.V.); (S.V.); (S.M.)
| | - Sara Verri
- Test Laboratory, 41100 Modena, Italy; (R.V.); (S.V.); (S.M.)
| | | | - Fabriziomaria Gobba
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, Section of Public Health, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (M.G.); (S.T.); (A.M.); (P.G.); (A.P.); (I.M.); (G.F.); (G.D.); (F.G.); (A.B.)
| | - Annalisa Bargellini
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, Section of Public Health, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (M.G.); (S.T.); (A.M.); (P.G.); (A.P.); (I.M.); (G.F.); (G.D.); (F.G.); (A.B.)
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20
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Dahleh A, Bean AJ, Johnson TJ. Racial, socioeconomic, and neighborhood characteristics in relation to COVID-19 severity of illness for adolescents and young adults. PNAS Nexus 2023; 2:pgad396. [PMID: 38034092 PMCID: PMC10682970 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgad396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
This study tests the hypotheses that insurance status, race and ethnicity, and neighborhood characteristics are associated with hospital admission and severe health outcomes (Intensive Care Unit [ICU] admission and oxygen assistance) for youth and young adults who present to the emergency department (ED) with COVID-19 in a single, academic health system in Illinois, Rush University System for Health (RUSH). Demographic and clinical data from the electronic health record were collected for all 13- to 24-y-old patients seen at RUSH who tested positive for COVID-19 between March 2020 and 2021. Individual-level and neighborhood characteristics were analyzed to determine their association with hospital admission and severe health outcomes through generalized estimating equations. As of March 2021, 1,057 patients were seen in the ED within RUSH in which non-Hispanic White (odds ratio [OR], 2.96; 95% CI, 1.61-5.46; P = 0.001) and Hispanic (OR, 3.34; 95% CI, 1.84-6.10; P < 0.001) adolescents and youth were more likely to be admitted to the hospital compared with non-Hispanic Black/other adolescents and youth. Patients with public insurance or who were uninsured were less likely to be admitted to the ICU compared with those with private insurance (OR, 0.24; 95% CI, 0.09-0.64; P = 0.004). None of the neighborhood characteristics were significantly associated with hospital admission or severe health outcomes after adjusting for covariates. Our findings demonstrated that race and ethnicity were related to hospitalization, while insurance was associated with presentation severity due to COVID-19 for adolescents and young adults. These findings can aid public health investigators in understanding COVID-19 disparities among adolescents and young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayaat Dahleh
- The Graduate College, Rush University, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Andrew J Bean
- The Graduate College, Rush University, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Tricia J Johnson
- Department of Health Systems Management, Rush University College of Health Sciences, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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21
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Brown JA, Hauser A, Abela IA, Pasin C, Epp S, Mohloanyane T, Nsakala BL, Trkola A, Labhardt ND, Kouyos RD, Günthard HF. Seroprofiling of Antibodies Against Endemic Human Coronaviruses and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 in a Human Immunodeficiency Virus Cohort in Lesotho: Correlates of Antibody Response and Seropositivity. J Infect Dis 2023; 228:1042-1054. [PMID: 37261930 PMCID: PMC10582919 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiad197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serological data on endemic human coronaviruses (HCoVs) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in southern Africa are scarce. Here, we report on (1) endemic HCoV seasonality, (2) SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence, and (3) correlates of SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity and strength of SARS-CoV-2 and endemic HCoV serological responses among adults living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). METHODS Plasma samples were collected from February 2020 to July 2021 within an HIV cohort in Lesotho. We used the AntiBody CORonavirus Assay (ABCORA) multiplex immunoassay to measure antibody responses to endemic HCoV (OC43, HKU1, NL63, and 229E) and SARS-CoV-2 antigens. RESULTS Results for 3173 samples from 1403 adults were included. Serological responses against endemic HCoVs increased over time and peaked in winter and spring. SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity reached >35% among samples collected in early 2021 and was associated with female sex, obesity, working outside the home, and recent tiredness or fever. Positive correlations were observed between the strength of response to endemic HCoVs and to SARS-CoV-2 and between older age or obesity and the immunoglobulin G response to SARS-CoV-2. CONCLUSIONS These results add to our understanding of the impact of biological, clinical, and social/behavioral factors on serological responses to coronaviruses in southern Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Brown
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anthony Hauser
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Irene A Abela
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Chloé Pasin
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Selina Epp
- Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Alexandra Trkola
- Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Niklaus D Labhardt
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Roger D Kouyos
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Huldrych F Günthard
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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22
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Jumagaliyeva MB, Ayaganov DN, Abdelazim IA, Saparbayev SS, Tuychibaeva NM, Kurmambayev YJ. Acute cerebrovascular events and inflammatory markers associated with COVID-19: An observational study. J Med Life 2023; 16:1482-1487. [PMID: 38313184 PMCID: PMC10835544 DOI: 10.25122/jml-2023-0283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The novel Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is associated with an increased risk of cerebrovascular events. About 1,228 cases of severe COVID-19 were hospitalized in the West Kazakhstan Medical University Hospital, in Aktobe, Kazakhstan, 1.22% (N=15) of whom were clinically diagnosed with acute cerebrovascular events and were included in the current study. COVID-19 was diagnosed using a nasopharyngeal polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test, blood count, inflammatory markers, and chest computerized tomography. The diagnosis of acute cerebrovascular events was based on the clinical manifestation. The participants' data were reviewed to detect the prevalence of acute cerebrovascular events and the inflammatory markers associated with COVID-19 infection. The mean age of the participants was 66.9 years (±11.07), 53% (N=8) of them were male, while 47% (N=7) were female. Moreover, 13% (N=2) presented a history of cerebrovascular events, 87% (N=13) of the participants had hypertension, 47% (N=7) had coronary heart disease, 33% (N=5) had diabetes mellitus (DM), 13% (N=2) had cardiac arrhythmia, and 13% (N=2) had chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The C-reactive protein was high in 100% (N=15) of participants, D-dimer in 87% (N=13) of them, and both the ferritin and interleukin-6 were high in 60% (N=9) of the participants. SARS-CoV-2 causes a systemic inflammatory response, and the presence of comorbidities increases the risk of acute cerebrovascular events in COVID-19-infected individuals. The elevated inflammatory markers in severely COVID-19-infected individuals support the inflammatory "cytokine storm" response theory.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ibrahim Anwar Abdelazim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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23
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Sticchi Damiani A, Zizza A, Banchelli F, Gigante M, De Feo ML, Ostuni A, Marinelli V, Quagnano S, Negro P, Di Renzo N, Guido M. Association between ABO blood groups and SARS-CoV-2 infection in blood donors of Puglia region. Ann Hematol 2023; 102:2923-2931. [PMID: 37442822 PMCID: PMC10492875 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-023-05331-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
This is an observational multicentric cross-sectional study aiming at assessing the association between ABO blood groups and SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence among the blood donors in Puglia region. Data on ABO and Rh blood groups and demographic characteristics were obtained from Blood Bank Information System. All donors were screened for SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies. Comparison of seroprevalence among blood groups and the association between the recorded variables and seroprevalence were evaluated. A total of 35,709 donors from 22 centers were included, with a seroprevalence of 6.8%. The distribution of ABO phenotypes was blood type O (46.8%), A (34.0%), B (14.7%), and AB (4.5%). Among the 2416 donors reactive for SARS-CoV-2 IgG, the prevalent phenotype was blood type O (43.1%), followed by A (37.7%), B (14.2%), and AB (5%). The seroprevalence of phenotype A and AB was 7.5%, followed by B (6.5%) and O (6.2%). According to the adjusted analysis, there was an increase in seroprevalence in groups A and AB, compared to group O, and an increase in males compared to females. A possible effect modification was observed after stratifying for sex (p = 0.0515). A significantly lower prevalence of blood type O was found compared to A and AB, whereas no association was observed between Rh factor and seroprevalence. We hypothesized that the A antigen present in blood type A and AB can play a role in the binding of SARS-CoV-2 to ACE2 receptors, resulting in an increased risk of infection. Furthermore, natural anti-A/anti-B antibodies produced in group O could block viral adhesion to cells and explain a lower risk of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Sticchi Damiani
- Immunohaematology and Transfusion Medicine Unit, Inter-Company Department of Transfusion Medicine (IDTM) of Local Health Unit (LHU) of Lecce, Vito Fazzi Hospital, 73100, Lecce, Italy.
| | - Antonella Zizza
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Via Prov.Le Lecce-Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy.
| | - Federico Banchelli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- Unit of Statistical and Methodological Support to Clinical Research, University Hospital of Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Maddalena Gigante
- Immunohaematology and Transfusion Medicine Unit, Inter-Company Department of Transfusion Medicine (IDTM) of Local Health Unit (LHU) of Bari, S. Paolo Hospital, Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Lucia De Feo
- Immunohaematology and Transfusion Medicine Unit, Inter-Company Department of Transfusion Medicine (IDTM) of Local Health Unit (LHU) of Foggia, Ospedali Riuniti of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Angelo Ostuni
- Immunohaematology and Transfusion Medicine Unit, Policlinico of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Valerio Marinelli
- Immunohaematology and Transfusion Medicine Unit, Inter-Company Department of Transfusion Medicine (IDTM) of Local Health Unit (LHU) of Lecce, Vito Fazzi Hospital, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Serena Quagnano
- Immunohaematology and Transfusion Medicine Unit, Inter-Company Department of Transfusion Medicine (IDTM) of Local Health Unit (LHU) of Lecce, Vito Fazzi Hospital, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Pierpaolo Negro
- Immunohaematology and Transfusion Medicine Unit, Inter-Company Department of Transfusion Medicine (IDTM) of Local Health Unit (LHU) of Lecce, Vito Fazzi Hospital, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Nicola Di Renzo
- Immunohaematology and Transfusion Medicine Unit, Inter-Company Department of Transfusion Medicine (IDTM) of Local Health Unit (LHU) of Lecce, Vito Fazzi Hospital, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Marcello Guido
- Laboratory of Hygiene, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
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24
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Taquet M, Skorniewska Z, Hampshire A, Chalmers JD, Ho LP, Horsley A, Marks M, Poinasamy K, Raman B, Leavy OC, Richardson M, Elneima O, McAuley HJC, Shikotra A, Singapuri A, Sereno M, Saunders RM, Harris VC, Houchen-Wolloff L, Greening NJ, Mansoori P, Harrison EM, Docherty AB, Lone NI, Quint J, Sattar N, Brightling CE, Wain LV, Evans RE, Geddes JR, Harrison PJ. Acute blood biomarker profiles predict cognitive deficits 6 and 12 months after COVID-19 hospitalization. Nat Med 2023; 29:2498-2508. [PMID: 37653345 PMCID: PMC10579097 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-023-02525-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Post-COVID cognitive deficits, including 'brain fog', are clinically complex, with both objective and subjective components. They are common and debilitating, and can affect the ability to work, yet their biological underpinnings remain unknown. In this prospective cohort study of 1,837 adults hospitalized with COVID-19, we identified two distinct biomarker profiles measured during the acute admission, which predict cognitive outcomes 6 and 12 months after COVID-19. A first profile links elevated fibrinogen relative to C-reactive protein with both objective and subjective cognitive deficits. A second profile links elevated D-dimer relative to C-reactive protein with subjective cognitive deficits and occupational impact. This second profile was mediated by fatigue and shortness of breath. Neither profile was significantly mediated by depression or anxiety. Results were robust across secondary analyses. They were replicated, and their specificity to COVID-19 tested, in a large-scale electronic health records dataset. These findings provide insights into the heterogeneous biology of post-COVID cognitive deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Taquet
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK.
| | | | - Adam Hampshire
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - James D Chalmers
- University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, UK
| | - Ling-Pei Ho
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Alex Horsley
- Division of Infection, Immunity & Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Michael Marks
- Department of Clinical Research, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- Hospital for Tropical Diseases, University College London Hospital, London, UK
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Betty Raman
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Olivia C Leavy
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- The institute for Lung Health, NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Matthew Richardson
- The institute for Lung Health, NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Omer Elneima
- The institute for Lung Health, NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Hamish J C McAuley
- The institute for Lung Health, NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Aarti Shikotra
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Amisha Singapuri
- The institute for Lung Health, NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Marco Sereno
- The institute for Lung Health, NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Ruth M Saunders
- The institute for Lung Health, NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Victoria C Harris
- The institute for Lung Health, NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
| | - Linzy Houchen-Wolloff
- Centre for Exercise and Rehabilitation Science, NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre-Respiratory, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- Therapy Department, University Hospitals of Leicester, NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
| | - Neil J Greening
- The institute for Lung Health, NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | | | - Ewen M Harrison
- Centre for Medical Informatics, The Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Annemarie B Docherty
- Centre for Medical Informatics, The Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Nazir I Lone
- Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Naveed Sattar
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Christopher E Brightling
- The institute for Lung Health, NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Louise V Wain
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- The institute for Lung Health, NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Rachael E Evans
- The institute for Lung Health, NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
| | - John R Geddes
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Paul J Harrison
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK.
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25
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Morisod K, Martin T, Rawlinson C, Grazioli VS, von Plessen C, Durand MA, Selby K, Le Pogam MA, Bühler N, Bodenmann P. Facing the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Mixed-Method Analysis of Asylum Seekers' Experiences and Worries in the Canton of Vaud, Switzerland. Int J Public Health 2023; 68:1606229. [PMID: 37829084 PMCID: PMC10564980 DOI: 10.3389/ijph.2023.1606229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: The clinical and social burden of the COVID-19 pandemic were high among asylum seekers (ASs). We aimed to understand better ASs' experiences of the pandemic and their sources of worries. Methods: Participants (n = 203) completed a survey about their worries, sleep disorders, and fear of dying. We also conducted semi-structured interviews with ASs living in a community center (n = 15), focusing on how social and living conditions affected their experiences and worries. Results: ASs in community centers experienced more sleep disorders related to the COVID-19 pandemic than those living in private apartments (aOR 2.01, p = 0.045). Similarly, those with lower education had greater fear for their life due to the COVID-19 pandemic (aOR 2.31, p = 0.015). Qualitative findings showed that sharing living spaces was an important source of worries for ASs and that protective measures were perceived to increase social isolation. Conclusion: Our study highlighted the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic for ASs and the importance of tailoring public health measures to their needs and living conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Morisod
- Department of Vulnerabilities and Social Medicine, University Center of General Medicine and Public Health, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Chair of Medicine for Vulnerable Populations, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Tiffany Martin
- Department of Vulnerabilities and Social Medicine, University Center of General Medicine and Public Health, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Systems, Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Cloé Rawlinson
- Department of Vulnerabilities and Social Medicine, University Center of General Medicine and Public Health, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Systems, Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Véronique S. Grazioli
- Department of Vulnerabilities and Social Medicine, University Center of General Medicine and Public Health, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Chair of Medicine for Vulnerable Populations, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Christian von Plessen
- Department of Ambulatory Care, Center for Primary Care and Public Health, University Center of General Medicine and Public Health, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Direction Générale de la Santé (DGS), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Marie-Anne Durand
- UMR1295 Centre d’Epidémiologie et de Recherche en Santé des Populations (CERPOP), Toulouse, France
- University Center of General Medicine and Public Health, Lausanne, Switzerland
- The Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH, United States
| | - Kevin Selby
- Department of Ambulatory Care, Center for Primary Care and Public Health, University Center of General Medicine and Public Health, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marie-Annick Le Pogam
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Systems, Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nolwenn Bühler
- Department of Vulnerabilities and Social Medicine, University Center of General Medicine and Public Health, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Systems, Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Institute of Social Sciences, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Bodenmann
- Department of Vulnerabilities and Social Medicine, University Center of General Medicine and Public Health, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Chair of Medicine for Vulnerable Populations, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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26
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Raventós B, Fernández-Bertolín S, Aragón M, Voss EA, Blacketer C, Méndez-Boo L, Recalde M, Roel E, Pistillo A, Reyes C, van Sandijk S, Halvorsen L, Rijnbeek PR, Burn E, Duarte-Salles T. Transforming the Information System for Research in Primary Care (SIDIAP) in Catalonia to the OMOP Common Data Model and Its Use for COVID-19 Research. Clin Epidemiol 2023; 15:969-986. [PMID: 37724311 PMCID: PMC10505380 DOI: 10.2147/clep.s419481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The primary aim of this work was to convert the Information System for Research in Primary Care (SIDIAP) from Catalonia, Spain, to the Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership (OMOP) Common Data Model (CDM). Our second aim was to provide a descriptive analysis of COVID-19-related outcomes among the general population. Patients and Methods We mapped patient-level data from SIDIAP to the OMOP CDM and we performed more than 3,400 data quality checks to assess its readiness for research. We established a general population cohort as of the 1st March 2020 and identified outpatient COVID-19 diagnoses or tested positive for, hospitalised with, admitted to intensive care units (ICU) with, died with, or vaccinated against COVID-19 up to 30th June 2022. Results After verifying the high quality of the transformed dataset, we included 5,870,274 individuals in the general population cohort. Of those, 604,472 had either an outpatient COVID-19 diagnosis or positive test result, 58,991 had a hospitalisation, 5,642 had an ICU admission, and 11,233 died with COVID-19. A total of 4,584,515 received a COVID-19 vaccine. People who were hospitalised or died were more commonly older, male, and with more comorbidities. Those admitted to ICU with COVID-19 were generally younger and more often male than those hospitalised and those who died. Conclusion We successfully transformed SIDIAP to the OMOP CDM. From this dataset, a general population cohort of 5.9 million individuals was identified and their COVID-19-related outcomes over time were described. The transformed SIDIAP database is a valuable resource that can enable distributed network research in COVID-19 and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berta Raventós
- Fundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l’Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergio Fernández-Bertolín
- Fundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l’Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Aragón
- Fundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l’Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Erica A Voss
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Titusville, NJ, USA
- Department of Medical Informatics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- OHDSI Collaborators, Observational Health Data Sciences and Informatics (OHDSI), New York, NY, USA
| | - Clair Blacketer
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Titusville, NJ, USA
- Department of Medical Informatics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- OHDSI Collaborators, Observational Health Data Sciences and Informatics (OHDSI), New York, NY, USA
| | - Leonardo Méndez-Boo
- Sistemes d’Informació dels Serveis d’Atenció Primària (SISAP), Institut Català de la Salut, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Martina Recalde
- Fundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l’Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Roel
- Fundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l’Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrea Pistillo
- Fundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l’Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlen Reyes
- Fundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l’Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Peter R Rijnbeek
- Department of Medical Informatics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- OHDSI Collaborators, Observational Health Data Sciences and Informatics (OHDSI), New York, NY, USA
| | - Edward Burn
- Fundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l’Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), Barcelona, Spain
- Centre for Statistics in Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Talita Duarte-Salles
- Fundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l’Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Medical Informatics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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Wang Z, Muecksch F, Raspe R, Johannsen F, Turroja M, Canis M, ElTanbouly MA, Santos GSS, Johnson B, Baharani VA, Patejak R, Yao KH, Chirco BJ, Millard KG, Shimeliovich I, Gazumyan A, Oliveira TY, Bieniasz PD, Hatziioannou T, Caskey M, Nussenzweig MC. Memory B cell development elicited by mRNA booster vaccinations in the elderly. J Exp Med 2023; 220:e20230668. [PMID: 37368240 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20230668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite mRNA vaccination, elderly individuals remain especially vulnerable to severe consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Here, we compare the memory B cell responses in a cohort of elderly and younger individuals who received mRNA booster vaccinations. Plasma neutralizing potency and breadth were similar between the two groups. By contrast, the absolute number of SARS-CoV-2-specific memory B cells was lower in the elderly. Antibody sequencing revealed that the SARS-CoV-2-specific elderly memory compartments were more clonal and less diverse. Notably, memory antibodies from the elderly preferentially targeted the ACE2-binding site on the RBD, while those from younger individuals targeted less accessible but more conserved epitopes. Nevertheless, individual memory antibodies elicited by booster vaccines in the elderly and younger individuals showed similar levels of neutralizing activity and breadth against SARS-CoV-2 variants. Thus, the relatively diminished protective effects of vaccination against serious disease in the elderly are associated with a smaller number of antigen-specific memory B cells that express altered antibody repertoires.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijun Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University , New York, NY, USA
| | - Frauke Muecksch
- Laboratory of Retrovirology, The Rockefeller University , New York, NY, USA
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Virology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Raphael Raspe
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University , New York, NY, USA
| | - Frederik Johannsen
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University , New York, NY, USA
| | - Martina Turroja
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University , New York, NY, USA
| | - Marie Canis
- Laboratory of Retrovirology, The Rockefeller University , New York, NY, USA
| | - Mohamed A ElTanbouly
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University , New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Brianna Johnson
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University , New York, NY, USA
| | - Viren A Baharani
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University , New York, NY, USA
- Laboratory of Retrovirology, The Rockefeller University , New York, NY, USA
| | - Rachel Patejak
- Laboratory of Retrovirology, The Rockefeller University , New York, NY, USA
| | - Kai-Hui Yao
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University , New York, NY, USA
| | - Bennett J Chirco
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University , New York, NY, USA
| | - Katrina G Millard
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University , New York, NY, USA
| | - Irina Shimeliovich
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University , New York, NY, USA
| | - Anna Gazumyan
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University , New York, NY, USA
| | - Thiago Y Oliveira
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University , New York, NY, USA
| | - Paul D Bieniasz
- Laboratory of Retrovirology, The Rockefeller University , New York, NY, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute , Maryland, MD, USA
| | | | - Marina Caskey
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University , New York, NY, USA
| | - Michel C Nussenzweig
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University , New York, NY, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute , Maryland, MD, USA
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28
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Amer F, Gil-Conesa M, Carlos S, Ariño AH, Carmona-Torre F, Martínez-González MA, Fernandez-Montero A. Behavioral and Personal Characteristics Associated With Risk of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in a Spanish University Cohort. Am J Epidemiol 2023; 192:1463-1474. [PMID: 37045805 PMCID: PMC10472324 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwad086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze the life habits and personal factors associated with increased severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) risk in a university environment with in-person lectures during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. To our knowledge, there are no previous longitudinal studies that have analyzed associations of behavioral and personal factors with the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection on an entire university population. A cohort study was conducted in the 3 campuses of the University of Navarra between August 24, 2020, and May 30, 2021, including 14,496 students and employees; the final sample included 10,959. Descriptive and multivariate-adjusted models were fitted using Cox regression. A total of 1,032 (9.4%) participants were diagnosed with COVID-19 (879 students and 153 employees), almost 50% living with their families. COVID-19 was associated with living in college or residence (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.96, 95% CI: 1.45, 2.64), motor transportation (HR = 1.35, 95% CI: 1.14, 1.61), South American origin (HR = 1.43, 95% CI: 1.20, 1.72), and belonging to Madrid's campus (HR = 3.11, 95% CI: 2.47, 3.92). International students, especially from Latin America, mostly lived in university apartments or shared flats and cohabited with 4-11 people. Living in a big city (Madrid), was a significant risk factor.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Alejandro Fernandez-Montero
- Correspondence to Dr. Alejandro Fernandez-Montero, Department of Occupational Medicine, University of Navarra Clinic, Avenida Pio XII, 36, 31008, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain (e-mail: )
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29
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Wauye VM, Ho FK, Lyall DM. Psychosocial predictors of COVID-19 infection in UK biobank (N = 104 201). J Public Health (Oxf) 2023; 45:560-568. [PMID: 37144429 PMCID: PMC10470346 DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdad009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since the outbreak of COVID-19, data on its psychosocial predictors are limited. We therefore aimed to explore psychosocial predictors of COVID-19 infection at the UK Biobank (UKB). METHODS This was a prospective cohort study conducted among UKB participants. RESULTS The sample size was N = 104 201, out of which 14 852 (14.3%) had a positive COVID-19 test. The whole sample analysis showed significant interactions between sex and several predictor variables. Among females, absence of college/university degree [odds ratio (OR) 1.55, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.45-1.66] and socioeconomic deprivation (OR 1.16 95% CI 1.11-1.21) were associated with higher odds of COVID-19 infection, while history of psychiatric consultation (OR 0.85 95% CI 0.77-0.94) with lower odds. Among males, absence of college/university degree (OR 1.56, 95% CI 1.45-1.68) and socioeconomic deprivation (OR 1.12, 95% CI 1.07-1.16) were associated with higher odds, while loneliness (OR 0.87, 95% CI 0.78-0.97), irritability (OR 0.91, 95% CI 0.83-0.99) and history of psychiatric consultation (OR 0.85, 95% CI 0.75-0.97) were associated with lower odds. CONCLUSION Sociodemographic factors predicted the odds of COVID-19 infection equally among male and female participants, while psychological factors had differential impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor M Wauye
- School of Health & Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Scotland, UK
- Department of Internal Medicine, Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Frederick K Ho
- School of Health & Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Donald M Lyall
- School of Health & Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Scotland, UK
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30
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Edwards B, Marshall LJ, Ahmadzadeh G, Ahmed R, Angarso L, Balaji S, Okoh P, Rogers E, Neves P, Boakye P, Gill J, James CE, Mucsi I. Exploring barriers to living donor kidney transplant for African, Caribbean and Black communities in the Greater Toronto Area, Ontario: a qualitative study protocol. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e073176. [PMID: 37586868 PMCID: PMC10432620 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-073176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Living donor (LD) kidney transplant (KT) is the best treatment option for many patients with kidney failure as it improves quality of life and survival compared with dialysis and deceased donor KT. Unfortunately, LDKT is underused, especially among groups marginalised by race and ethnicity. African, Caribbean and Black (ACB) patients are 60%-70% less likely to receive LDKT in Canada compared with white patients. Research from the USA and the UK suggests that mistrust, cultural and generational norms, access, and affordability may contribute to inequities. To date, no Canadian studies have explored the beliefs and behaviours related to LDKT in ACB communities. Research approaches that use a critical, community-based approach can help illuminate broader structural factors that may shape individual beliefs and behaviours. In this qualitative study, we will investigate barriers to accessing LDKT in ACB communities in the Greater Toronto Area, to enhance our understanding of the perspectives and experiences of ACB community members, both with and without lived experience of chronic kidney disease (CKD). METHODS AND ANALYSIS Hospital-based and community-based recruitment strategies will be used to recruit participants for focus groups and individual interviews. Participants will include self-identified ACB individuals with and without experiences of CKD and nephrology professionals. Collaboration with ACB community partners will facilitate a community-based research approach. Data will be analysed using reflexive thematic analysis and critical race theory. Findings will be revised based on feedback from ACB community partners. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This study has been approved by the University Health Network Research Ethics Board UHN REB file #15-9775. Study findings will contribute to the codevelopment of culturally safe and responsive educational materials to raise awareness about CKD and its treatments and to improve equitable access to high-quality kidney care, including LDKT, for ACB patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth Edwards
- Ajmera Transplant Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Ghazaleh Ahmadzadeh
- Ajmera Transplant Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ranie Ahmed
- Ajmera Transplant Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lydia Angarso
- Ajmera Transplant Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shilpa Balaji
- Ajmera Transplant Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Princess Okoh
- Ajmera Transplant Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Emma Rogers
- Ajmera Transplant Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paula Neves
- Ajmera Transplant Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Jagbir Gill
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Istvan Mucsi
- Ajmera Transplant Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Medicine (Nephrology), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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31
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Kato MA, Zurakowski D, Adams A, Soelberg J, Staffa SJ, Bradford VA, Efune PN, Rodgers McCormick ME, Grivoyannis AD, Rossmann Beel E, Correll LR, Cheon EC, Tan GM, Thomas JJ, Fernandez AM, Teng HC, Khanna N, Raman VT, Brzenski AB, Frugoni BJ, Sheth MM, Rugnath RM, Meier PM. Prevalence of COVID-19 and Risk Factors for Infection Among Pediatric Anesthesia Patients: A Report From the PEACOC Research Network. Anesth Analg 2023; 137:383-391. [PMID: 36269171 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000006227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Pediatric Anesthesia COVID-19 Collaborative (PEACOC) is a research network to advance the care of children during the pandemic. Here we calculate the prevalence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) among children undergoing anesthesia, look at prevalence in the population data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and assess independent risk factors for infection. METHODS This was a multicenter, retrospective, observational study. Children aged 28 days to 18 years scheduled for anesthesia services at 12 centers requiring universal COVID-19 testing from March 29, 2020 to June 30, 2020 were included. COVID-19 positivity rates among those tested were plotted and trends were assessed using the Cochran Armitage test of trend. Independent risk factors were explored using multivariable logistic regression. RESULTS Data were collected and analyzed on 33,320 anesthesia encounters including 265 children with COVID-19. Over the study period, the rates of infections in the pediatric anesthesia population did not demonstrate a significant trend. In the general population, there was a significant downward trend in infection rates ( P < .001). In exploratory analysis, multivariable risk factors for a COVID-19 positive test were Black/African American race, Hispanic ethnicity, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status III or above, overweight and obese body mass index (BMI), orthopedic cases, abdominal cases, emergency cases, absence of injury and trauma, and West region (all P < .05). CONCLUSIONS Rates of COVID-19 in pediatric anesthesia patients were consistently lower than in the general population. Independent risk factors of a positive test for children were identified. This is the first time universal testing for a single infectious disease was undertaken on a wide scale. As such, the association of infection with surgical case type or emergency case status is unprecedented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meredith A Kato
- From the Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Doernbecher Children's Hospital, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - David Zurakowski
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - AmandaMarie Adams
- From the Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Doernbecher Children's Hospital, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Julie Soelberg
- From the Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Doernbecher Children's Hospital, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Steven J Staffa
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Victoria A Bradford
- Department of Anesthesiology, Albert B. Chandler Hospital, University of Kentucky, Lexington Kentucky
| | - Proshad N Efune
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Management, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Megan E Rodgers McCormick
- Department of Anesthesiology, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Anastasia D Grivoyannis
- Department of Anesthesia & Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins Hospital, John Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Elizabeth Rossmann Beel
- Department of Pediatric Anesthesiology, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Lynnie R Correll
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Golisano Children's Hospital, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
| | - Eric C Cheon
- Department of Pediatric Anesthesiology, Ann & Robert H Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Gee Mei Tan
- Department of Pediatric Anesthesiology, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - James J Thomas
- Department of Pediatric Anesthesiology, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Allison M Fernandez
- Department of Anesthesia, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, St Petersburg, Florida
| | - Howard C Teng
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Neha Khanna
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Ohio State College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Vidya T Raman
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Ohio State College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Alyssa B Brzenski
- Department of Anesthesiology, Rady Children's Hospital, University of California San Diego Medical Center, San Diego, California
| | - Brian J Frugoni
- Department of Anesthesiology, Rady Children's Hospital, University of California San Diego Medical Center, San Diego, California
| | - Michelle M Sheth
- Department of Anesthesiology, Children's Hospital of Mississippi, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Rahil M Rugnath
- Department of Anesthesiology, Children's Hospital of Mississippi, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Petra M Meier
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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Jonnagaddala J, Hoang U, Wensaas KA, Tu K, Ortigoza A, Silva-Valencia J, Cuba-Fuentes MS, Godinho MA, de Lusignan S, Liaw ST. Integrated Management Systems (IMS) to Support and Sustain Quality One Health Services: International Lessons from the COVID-19 Pandemic by the IMIA Primary Care Working Group. Yearb Med Inform 2023; 32:55-64. [PMID: 37414035 PMCID: PMC10751124 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1768725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES One Health considers human, animal and environment health as a continuum. The COVID-19 pandemic started with the leap of a virus from animals to humans. Integrated management systems (IMS) should provide a coherent management framework, to meet reporting requirements and support care delivery. We report IMS deployment during, and retention post the COVID-19 pandemic, and exemplar One Health use cases. METHODS Six volunteer members of the International Medical Association's (IMIA) Primary Care Working Group provided data about any IMS and One Health use to support the COVID-19 pandemic initiatives. We explored how IMS were: (1) Integrated with organisational strategy; (2) Utilised standardised processes, and (3) Met reporting requirements, including public health. Selected contributors provided Unified Modelling Language (UML) use case diagram for a One Health exemplar. RESULTS There was weak evidence of synergy between IMS and health system strategy to the COVID-19 pandemic. However, there were rapid pragmatic responses to COVID-19, not citing IMS. All health systems implemented IMS to link COVID test results, vaccine uptake and outcomes, particularly mortality and to provide patients access to test results and vaccination certification. Neither proportion of gross domestic product alone, nor vaccine uptake determined outcome. One Health exemplars demonstrated that animal, human and environmental specialists could collaborate. CONCLUSIONS IMS use improved the pandemic response. However, IMS use was pragmatic rather than utilising an international standard, with some of their benefits lost post-pandemic. Health systems should incorporate IMS that enables One Health approaches as part of their post COVID-19 pandemic preparedness.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Uy Hoang
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, UK
| | | | - Karen Tu
- Department of Family & Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Angela Ortigoza
- Department of Family & Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Javier Silva-Valencia
- Center for Research in Primary Health Care (CINAPS), School of Medicine, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Peru
| | - María Sofía Cuba-Fuentes
- Center for Research in Primary Health Care (CINAPS), School of Medicine, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Peru
| | | | - Simon de Lusignan
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, UK
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Noghabi FA, Yousefi M, Golalipour E, Zarei A, Yousefi H, Sadeghi T. Lived experience caring for a child with Covid-19 disease: A phenomenological study. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18481. [PMID: 37533988 PMCID: PMC10392080 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Caregivers of COVID-19 patients, including mothers with an infected child, are affected by adverse physical and psychological effects. Since mothers perform an important role in caring for a child with Covid-19, explaining their challenges and experiences positively affects the health conditions of children and society, in general. Aim This study aimed to explain mothers' experiences with children diagnosed with COVID-19, who were referred to Bandar Abbas Children's Hospital. Method The present study was qualitative and used the Van-Manen method. The statistical population included 13 mothers with children hospitalized for coronary heart disease and COVID-19, who were selected by purposive sampling. Semi-structured interviews were implemented to collect data until saturation. Data analysis was performed using MAXQDA 10 software. Lincoln and Guba's criteria were used to evaluate the data's accuracy and strength. Results The mean age of mothers participating in the study was 37.92 ± 4.87. On the other hand, the mean age of children was 5.15 ± 2.07 years. Three main themes and 13 sub-themes were extracted from the data analysis. The main themes were "Inability to Caring", "Mental and Physical drain" and "Conflict of Roles and Responsibilities". In this study, when a child develops COVID-19 disease, the mother experiences a series of negative emotions, which lead to feelings of helplessness and inability to care for the child. Conclusion Mental and physical manifestations strains were the most important issues that the mothers experienced. The majority of the participants need psychological support to cope with the disease. Therefore, it is recommended to make a proper design to psychologically and socially support these mothers, while alleviating the physical manifestations of their children's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fariba Asadi Noghabi
- Mother and Child Welfare Research Center, Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Mohsen Yousefi
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elnaz Golalipour
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aref Zarei
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mother and Child Welfare Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar, Abbas, Iran
| | - Hadi Yousefi
- Department of social medicine,faculty of medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar,Abbas, Iran
| | - Tahereh Sadeghi
- Clinical Research Development Unit of Akbar Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Arent CO, Padilha APZ, Borba LA, de Azevedo Cardoso T, André MC, Martinello NS, Rosa T, Abelaira HM, de Moura AB, Andrade NM, Bertollo AG, de Oliveira GG, Bagatini MD, Ignácio ZM, Quevedo J, Ceretta LB, Réus GZ. ABO Blood Type and Metabolic Markers in COVID-19 Susceptibility and Severity: A Cross-Sectional Study. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2023; 21:335-344. [PMID: 37352417 DOI: 10.1089/met.2023.0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims: To evaluate the effect of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus on the function and metabolic changes, as well as the relationship of the virus with blood groups. Methods and Results: This cross-sectional study included a matched sample of adult individuals with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) (n = 114) or without (controls; n = 236). Blood samples were collected and processed for triglycerides (TGs), total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and blood typing analysis. The results showed that subjects with COVID-19 had higher TG and lower HDL-C levels compared with the control group. As for blood typing, the risk of COVID-19 was higher in subjects with blood group A than in those with blood group B and in those with other blood groups. In addition, an association of COVID-19 with blood type and Rh A- was observed. When related to the severity of COVID-19 symptoms, blood type A was more protective against moderate/severe symptoms compared with blood type O. In addition, individuals with blood type O were 2.90 times more likely to have symptoms moderate/severe symptoms of COVID-19 than those with other blood groups and individuals with type A blood were less likely to have severe/moderate symptoms of COVID-19 compared with individuals without type A blood. Conclusion: The results suggest that blood type may play a role in susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection and add evidence that infection with the novel coronavirus may be associated with changes in lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila O Arent
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, Brazil
| | - Alex Paulo Z Padilha
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, Brazil
| | - Laura A Borba
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, Brazil
| | | | - Monique C André
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, Brazil
| | - Nicoly S Martinello
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, Brazil
| | - Thayse Rosa
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, Brazil
| | - Helena M Abelaira
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, Brazil
| | - Airam B de Moura
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, Brazil
| | - Natalia M Andrade
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, Brazil
| | - Amanda G Bertollo
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Laboratory of Physiology Pharmacology and Psychopathology, Federal University of the Southern Frontier, Chapecó, Brazil
| | - Gabriela G de Oliveira
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Laboratory of Physiology Pharmacology and Psychopathology, Federal University of the Southern Frontier, Chapecó, Brazil
| | - Margarete D Bagatini
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Laboratory of Physiology Pharmacology and Psychopathology, Federal University of the Southern Frontier, Chapecó, Brazil
| | - Zuleide Maria Ignácio
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Laboratory of Physiology Pharmacology and Psychopathology, Federal University of the Southern Frontier, Chapecó, Brazil
| | - João Quevedo
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, Brazil
- Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Luciane B Ceretta
- Graduate Program in Public Health, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, Brazil
| | - Gislaine Z Réus
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, Brazil
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Harris M, Hart J, Bhattacharya O, Russell FM. Risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic literature review. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1178167. [PMID: 37583888 PMCID: PMC10424847 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1178167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Identifying SARS-CoV-2 infection risk factors allows targeted public health and social measures (PHSM). As new, more transmissible variants of concern (VoC) emerge, vaccination rates increase and PHSM are eased, it is important to understand any potential change to infection risk factors. The aim of this systematic literature review is to describe the risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection by VoC. Methods A literature search was performed in MEDLINE, PubMed and Embase databases on 5 May 2022. Eligibility included: observational studies published in English after 1 January 2020; any age group; the outcome of SARS-CoV-2 infection; and any potential risk factors investigated in the study. Results were synthesized into a narrative summary with respect to measures of association, by VoC. ROBINS-E tool was utilized for risk of bias assessment. Results Of 6,197 studies retrieved, 43 studies were included after screening. Common risk factors included older age, minority ethnic group, low socioeconomic status, male gender, increased household size, occupation/lower income level, inability to work from home, public transport use, and lower education level. Most studies were undertaken when the ancestral strain was predominant. Many studies had some selection bias due to testing criteria and limited laboratory capacity. Conclusion Understanding who is at risk enables the development of strategies that target priority groups at each of the different stages of a pandemic and helps inform vaccination strategies and other interventions which may also inform public health responses to future respiratory infection outbreaks. While it was not possible to determine changes to infection risk by recent VoC in this review, the risk factors identified will add to the overall understanding of the groups who are at greatest risk of infection in the early stages of a respiratory virus outbreak. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42022330706, PROSPERO [CRD42022330706].
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Harris
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Asia-Pacific Health Group, Infection, Immunity and Global Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - John Hart
- Asia-Pacific Health Group, Infection, Immunity and Global Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Oashe Bhattacharya
- Asia-Pacific Health Group, Infection, Immunity and Global Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Fiona M. Russell
- Asia-Pacific Health Group, Infection, Immunity and Global Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Centre for International Child Health, Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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Oduro MS, Peprah P, Morgan AK, Agyemang-Duah W. Staying in or out? COVID-19-induced healthcare utilization avoidance and associated socio-demographic factors in rural India. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1439. [PMID: 37501140 PMCID: PMC10375657 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16282-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although evidence on healthcare utilization avoidance during COVID-19 pandemic is emerging, such knowledge is limited in rural settings. An effective policy to the COVID-19 shocks and stresses in rural settings require empirical evidence to inform the design of health policies and programmes. To help overcome this evidence gap and also contribute to policy decisions, this study aimed at examining COVID-19-induced healthcare utilization avoidance and associated factors in rural India. METHODS This study used the third-round data from the COVID-19-Related Shocks in Rural India survey conducted between 20-24 September, 2020 across six states. The outcome variable considered in this study was COVID-19-induced healthcare utilization avoidance. Multivariable Binary Logistic Regression Model via Multiple Imputation was used to assess the factors influencing COVID-19-induced healthcare utilization avoidance. RESULTS Data on 4,682 respondents were used in the study. Of this, the prevalence of COVID-19-induced healthcare utilization avoidance was 15.5% in rural India across the six states. After adjusting for relevant covariates, participants from the Bihar State have significantly higher likelihood of COVID-19-induced healthcare utilization avoidance compared to those from the Andhra Pradesh. Also, participants whose educational level exceeds high school, those who use government hospital/clinic, engage in daily wage labour in agriculture have significantly higher odds of COVID-19-induced healthcare utilization avoidance compared to their counterparts. CONCLUSION Our study revealed that state of residence, type of health facility used, primary work activity and educational level were associated with COVID-19-induced healthcare utilization avoidance in rural India. The findings suggest that policy makers and public health authorities need to formulate policies and design interventions that acknowledge socioeconomic and demographic factors that influence healthcare use avoidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Safo Oduro
- Pfizer, Inc., Pharm Sci and PGS Statistics, 445 Eastern Point Rd, Groton, Connecticut, USA
| | - Prince Peprah
- Social Policy Research Center, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
- Center for Primary Health Care and Equity, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Anthony Kwame Morgan
- Department of Geography and Rural Development, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
| | - Williams Agyemang-Duah
- Department of Geography and Planning, Queen's University, K7L 3N6, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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Folayan MO, Abeldaño Zuñiga RA, Virtanen JI, Ezechi OC, Yousaf MA, Jafer M, Al-Tammemi AB, Ellakany P, Ara E, Ayanore MA, Gaffar B, Aly NM, Idigbe I, Lusher J, El Tantawi M, Nguyen AL. A multi-country survey of the socio-demographic factors associated with adherence to COVID-19 preventive measures during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1413. [PMID: 37488570 PMCID: PMC10364426 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16279-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Health behaviours are influenced by individual characteristics including age, gender, education and economic level. This study aimed to assess the associations between individual-level determinants and adherence to COVID-19 preventive measures. METHODS We performed secondary analyses of international data collected using an online survey during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic between June and December 2020. The dependent variables were self-reported adherence to COVID-19 preventive measures (wearing of face masks, frequent washing/sanitizing of hands, physical distancing, working remotely). The independent variables were age, sex at birth (female vs male), having a chronic disease related elevated risk for severe COVID-19 (none/little, might be at increased risk, at increased risk), educational level completed (no formal education, primary, secondary vs college/university) and employment status (retiree, students, not employed vs employed). Four multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine the associations between the dependent variables and independent variables. Interaction terms with country-income level were tested in regressions to explore its moderating effect. RESULTS Out of 16,866 respondents, 12,634 (74.9%) wore masks or face coverings, 12,336 (73.1%) washed or sanitized their hands frequently, 11,464 (68.0%) reported adherence to physical distancing and 5,646 (33.5%) worked remotely. In adjusted analyses, increased age, college/university education, employment, and having risks for severe COVID-19 were associated with significantly higher odds of adhering to COVID-19 preventive measures. Retirees and students had lower odds of adhering to COVID-19 prevention measures than employed individuals. Males had significantly lower odds of wearing face masks (AOR: 0.901), frequent washing/sanitizing hands (AOR: 0.774) and working remotely (AOR: 0.875) compared to females. Country-income level generally moderated the above relationships such that the associations disappeared in lower income countries. CONCLUSION The study findings suggest that the individual socio-demographic factors-age, sex, employment status, education status and having a chronic disease - influence adherence to COVID-19 preventive measures. Findings further reiterate the need for health education and health promotion campaigns on preventive health measures to focus on subpopulations, such as younger males, students and retirees, that require targeted or unique messaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morenike Oluwatoyin Folayan
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.
- Department of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.
| | - Roberto Ariel Abeldaño Zuñiga
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
- Centre for Social Data Science, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Postgraduate Department, University of Sierra Sur, Oaxaca, Mexico
| | - Jorma I Virtanen
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Oliver C Ezechi
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
- The Centre for Reproductive and Population Health Studies, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Muhammad Abrar Yousaf
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Virtual Univesity of Pakistan, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Mohammed Jafer
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
- Dental Public Health Division, Faculty of Dentistry, Jazan University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ala'a B Al-Tammemi
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
- Applied Science Research Center, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
- Migration Health Division, International Organization for Migration, Amman, Jordan
| | - Passent Ellakany
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
- Department of Substitutive Dental SciencesCollege of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eshrat Ara
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
- Department of Psychology, Governemnt College for Women, MA Road, Srinagar, J&K, India
| | - Martin Amogre Ayanore
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
- Department of Health Policy Planning and Management, Fred N. Binka School of Public Health, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
| | - Balgis Gaffar
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nourhan M Aly
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ifeoma Idigbe
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
- Clinical Sciences Department, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Joanne Lusher
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
- Provost's Group, Regent's University, London, UK
| | - Maha El Tantawi
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Annie L Nguyen
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
- Department of Family Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Racape J, Noel AC, Lurel J, Dauby N, Coppieters Y, Goffard JC, Rea A. Social and clinical risk factors associated with hospitalized COVID-19 patients in Brussels's deprived and multiethnic areas. PLOS Glob Public Health 2023; 3:e0002039. [PMID: 37450479 PMCID: PMC10348590 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0002039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Belgium, the Brussels-Capital region was severely affected by the COVID-19 epidemic. Various hypotheses were mentioned in order to explain Brussels' excess disease spreading and mortality rate, but socioeconomic risk factors are increasingly recognized. This study's objective was to analyze clinical and social profiles of patients hospitalized for COVID-19, by nationality groups, in two hospitals located in Brussels's deprived and multiethnic areas. METHODS Data covered hospitalized COVID-19 patients from two Brussels hospitals (n = 787) between the 1st of March 2020 and the 31st of June 2020. Social data was collected using hospital records, and clinical data was extracted from hospitals' COVID-19 databases. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to estimate the odds ratios (OR) of the association between two outcomes (Intensive Care Unit admission and mortality) and risk factors (social and clinical). RESULTS Patients from Sub-Saharan Africa were younger, had a higher prevalence of obesity, lacked health insurance, and had the highest proportion of Intensive Care Unit (ICU) admission (27.7%) but the lowest mortality rates than other nationality groups. Patients from North Africa had a higher prevalence of diabetes compared to other nationality groups and a high proportion of European patients came from nursing homes. Patients deprived of health insurance had a higher risk of ICU admission compared to those who had insurance (OR IC95%; 1,9 1.1-3.6, p = 0.03). Other risk factors as sex and obesity were significantly associated to ICU admission and, age and hypertension were significantly associated to mortality. CONCLUSION Social and clinical profile of the patients differs between the nationality groups, and some risk factors for Intensive Care Unit admission and mortality were linked to more patients' precarious situation as the availability of health insurance. This study underlines the role of selected social health determinants and the importance of routinely collecting social along with clinical data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Racape
- Research Center in Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Clinical Research, School of Public Health, Universite libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
- Chair in Health and Precarity, Faculty of Medecine, Universite libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Anne-Cecile Noel
- Social Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Saint-Pierre, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jerome Lurel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Dauby
- Environmental Health Research Centre Public Health School, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Saint-Pierre, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Yves Coppieters
- Research Center in Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Clinical Research, School of Public Health, Universite libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jean-Christophe Goffard
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Andrea Rea
- Group for Research on Ethnic Relations, Migrations & Equality, Faculty of Philosophy and Social Sciences, Universite libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
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Kim N, Anneser E, Chu MT, Nguyen KH, Stopka TJ, Corlin L. Household conditions, COVID-19, and equity: Insight from two nationally representative surveys. Res Sq 2023:rs.3.rs-3129530. [PMID: 37461724 PMCID: PMC10350171 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3129530/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Background With people across the United States spending increased time at home since the emergence of COVID-19, housing characteristics may have an even greater impact on health. Therefore, we assessed associations between household conditions and COVID-19 experiences. Methods We used data from two nationally representative surveys: the Tufts Equity Study (TES; n = 1449 in 2021; n = 1831 in 2022) and the Household Pulse Survey (HPS; n = 147,380 in 2021; n = 62,826 in 2022). In the TES, housing conditions were characterized by heating/cooling methods; smoking inside the home; visible water damage/mold; age of housing unit; and self-reported concern about various environmental factors. In TES and HPS, household size was assessed. Accounting for sampling weights, we examined associations between each housing exposure and COVID-19 outcomes (diagnosis, vaccination) using separate logistic regression models with covariates selected based on an evidence-based directed acyclic graph. Results Having had COVID-19 was more likely among people who reported poor physical housing condition (odds ratio [OR] = 2.32; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.17-4.59; 2021), visible water damage or mold/musty smells (OR = 1.50; 95% CI = 1.10-2.03; 2022), and larger household size (5+ versus 1-2 people; OR = 1.53, 95% CI = 1.34-1.75, HPS 2022). COVID-19 vaccination was less likely among participants who reported smoke exposure inside the home (OR = 0.53; 95% CI = 0.31-0.90; 2022), poor water quality (OR = 0.42; 95% CI = 0.21-0.85; 2021), noise from industrial activity/construction (OR = 0.44; 95% CI = 0.19-0.99; 2022), and larger household size (OR = 0.57; 95% CI = 0.46-0.71; HPS 2022). Vaccination was also positively associated with poor indoor air quality (OR = 1.96; 95% CI = 1.02-3.72; 2022) and poor physical housing condition (OR = 2.27; 95% CI = 1.01-5.13; 2022). Certain heating/cooling sources were associated with COVID-19 outcomes. Conclusions Our study found poor housing conditions associated with increased COVID-19 burden, which may be driven by systemic disparities in housing, healthcare, and financial access to resources during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Theodore DA, Branche AR, Zhang L, Graciaa DS, Choudhary M, Hatlen TJ, Osman R, Babu TM, Robinson ST, Gilbert PB, Follmann D, Janes H, Kublin JG, Baden LR, Goepfert P, Gray GE, Grinsztejn B, Kotloff KL, Gay CL, Leav B, Miller J, Hirsch I, Sadoff J, Dunkle LM, Neuzil KM, Corey L, Falsey AR, El Sahly HM, Sobieszczyk ME, Huang Y. Clinical and Demographic Factors Associated With COVID-19, Severe COVID-19, and SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Adults: A Secondary Cross-Protocol Analysis of 4 Randomized Clinical Trials. JAMA Netw Open 2023; 6:e2323349. [PMID: 37440227 PMCID: PMC10346130 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.23349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Importance Current data identifying COVID-19 risk factors lack standardized outcomes and insufficiently control for confounders. Objective To identify risk factors associated with COVID-19, severe COVID-19, and SARS-CoV-2 infection. Design, Setting, and Participants This secondary cross-protocol analysis included 4 multicenter, international, randomized, blinded, placebo-controlled, COVID-19 vaccine efficacy trials with harmonized protocols established by the COVID-19 Prevention Network. Individual-level data from participants randomized to receive placebo within each trial were combined and analyzed. Enrollment began July 2020 and the last data cutoff was in July 2021. Participants included adults in stable health, at risk for SARS-CoV-2, and assigned to the placebo group within each vaccine trial. Data were analyzed from April 2022 to February 2023. Exposures Comorbid conditions, demographic factors, and SARS-CoV-2 exposure risk at the time of enrollment. Main Outcomes and Measures Coprimary outcomes were COVID-19 and severe COVID-19. Multivariate Cox proportional regression models estimated adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) and 95% CIs for baseline covariates, accounting for trial, region, and calendar time. Secondary outcomes included severe COVID-19 among people with COVID-19, subclinical SARS-CoV-2 infection, and SARS-CoV-2 infection. Results A total of 57 692 participants (median [range] age, 51 [18-95] years; 11 720 participants [20.3%] aged ≥65 years; 31 058 participants [53.8%] assigned male at birth) were included. The analysis population included 3270 American Indian or Alaska Native participants (5.7%), 7849 Black or African American participants (13.6%), 17 678 Hispanic or Latino participants (30.6%), and 40 745 White participants (70.6%). Annualized incidence was 13.9% (95% CI, 13.3%-14.4%) for COVID-19 and 2.0% (95% CI, 1.8%-2.2%) for severe COVID-19. Factors associated with increased rates of COVID-19 included workplace exposure (high vs low: aHR, 1.35 [95% CI, 1.16-1.58]; medium vs low: aHR, 1.41 [95% CI, 1.21-1.65]; P < .001) and living condition risk (very high vs low risk: aHR, 1.41 [95% CI, 1.21-1.66]; medium vs low risk: aHR, 1.19 [95% CI, 1.08-1.32]; P < .001). Factors associated with decreased rates of COVID-19 included previous SARS-CoV-2 infection (aHR, 0.13 [95% CI, 0.09-0.19]; P < .001), age 65 years or older (aHR vs age <65 years, 0.57 [95% CI, 0.50-0.64]; P < .001) and Black or African American race (aHR vs White race, 0.78 [95% CI, 0.67-0.91]; P = .002). Factors associated with increased rates of severe COVID-19 included race (American Indian or Alaska Native vs White: aHR, 2.61 [95% CI, 1.85-3.69]; multiracial vs White: aHR, 2.19 [95% CI, 1.50-3.20]; P < .001), diabetes (aHR, 1.54 [95% CI, 1.14-2.08]; P = .005) and at least 2 comorbidities (aHR vs none, 1.39 [95% CI, 1.09-1.76]; P = .008). In analyses restricted to participants who contracted COVID-19, increased severe COVID-19 rates were associated with age 65 years or older (aHR vs <65 years, 1.75 [95% CI, 1.32-2.31]; P < .001), race (American Indian or Alaska Native vs White: aHR, 1.98 [95% CI, 1.38-2.83]; Black or African American vs White: aHR, 1.49 [95% CI, 1.03-2.14]; multiracial: aHR, 1.81 [95% CI, 1.21-2.69]; overall P = .001), body mass index (aHR per 1-unit increase, 1.03 [95% CI, 1.01-1.04]; P = .001), and diabetes (aHR, 1.85 [95% CI, 1.37-2.49]; P < .001). Previous SARS-CoV-2 infection was associated with decreased severe COVID-19 rates (aHR, 0.04 [95% CI, 0.01-0.14]; P < .001). Conclusions and Relevance In this secondary cross-protocol analysis of 4 randomized clinical trials, exposure and demographic factors had the strongest associations with outcomes; results could inform mitigation strategies for SARS-CoV-2 and viruses with comparable epidemiological characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah A. Theodore
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Angela R. Branche
- Department of Medicine, Infectious Disease Division, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
| | - Lily Zhang
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Daniel S. Graciaa
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Madhu Choudhary
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Raadhiya Osman
- Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, Soweto, South Africa
| | - Tara M. Babu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy & Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Samuel T. Robinson
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Peter B. Gilbert
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Dean Follmann
- Biostatistics Research Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Holly Janes
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - James G. Kublin
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington
| | | | - Paul Goepfert
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham
| | - Glenda E. Gray
- Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Beatriz Grinsztejn
- Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases-Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Karen L. Kotloff
- Division of Infectious Disease and Tropical Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore
- Department of Medicine, Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore
| | - Cynthia L. Gay
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, UNC HIV Cure Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill
| | | | | | - Ian Hirsch
- AstraZeneca BioPharmaceuticals, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jerald Sadoff
- Janssen Vaccines and Prevention, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | - Kathleen M. Neuzil
- Department of Medicine, Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore
| | - Lawrence Corey
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Ann R. Falsey
- Department of Medicine, Infectious Disease Division, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
| | - Hana M. El Sahly
- Infectious Diseases Section, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Magdalena E. Sobieszczyk
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Yunda Huang
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle
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Chattopadhyay S, Malayil L, Kaukab S, Merenstein Z, Sapkota AR. The predisposition of smokers to COVID-19 infection: A mini-review of global perspectives. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17783. [PMID: 37455971 PMCID: PMC10306417 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Both SARS-CoV-2 and smoking tobacco adversely impact the respiratory system, damaging the airways and impairing lung function. While some studies have identified a positive association between smoking and increased susceptibility to COVID-19 infections, a few papers have concluded that smokers may be protected against such infections. Given these contradictory findings, there is an ongoing debate in the scientific community about whether or not smokers have a stronger predisposition towards COVID-19 infections. Through this mini-review, we aimed to study the relationship between tobacco smoking and COVID-19 infections by conducting a comprehensive literature search of peer reviewed articles that reported on the effects of smoking on COVID-19 susceptibility and were published globally over the past two years (January 2020-April 2022). Our search identified 31 articles that demonstrated a positive or strong relationship between smoking and COVID-19, while 13 articles had contrasting results. Additionally, we evaluated mechanistic studies suggesting that, among smokers, angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 genes are upregulated, facilitating easier binding of SARS-CoV-2, thereby increasing the risk of COVID-19 infection. In conclusion, the majority of studies in this area to date provide evidence of a strong relationship between smoking and COVID-19 infection; however, the strength of this association may vary across the smoking behaviors of differing populations. Future work could involve a meta-analysis of studies focusing on susceptibility to COVID-19 infection for different types of tobacco product smokers, which would result in a more comprehensive understanding of the predisposition of smokers towards COVID-19 infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhana Chattopadhyay
- Corresponding author. Maryland Institute for Applied Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, 4200 Valley Drive, College Park, MD-20742, USA.
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Sania A, Mahmud AS, Alschuler DM, Urmi T, Chowdhury S, Lee S, Mostari S, Shaikh FZ, Sojib KH, Khan T, Khan Y, Chowdhury A, Arifeen SE. Risk factors for COVID-19 mortality among telehealth patients in Bangladesh: A prospective cohort study. PLOS Glob Public Health 2023; 3:e0001971. [PMID: 37315095 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0001971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Estimating the contribution of risk factors of mortality due to COVID-19 is particularly important in settings with low vaccination coverage and limited public health and clinical resources. Very few studies of risk factors of COVID-19 mortality used high-quality data at an individual level from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). We examined the contribution of demographic, socioeconomic and clinical risk factors of COVID-19 mortality in Bangladesh, a lower middle-income country in South Asia. METHODS We used data from 290,488 lab-confirmed COVID-19 patients who participated in a telehealth service in Bangladesh between May 2020 and June 2021, linked with COVID-19 death data from a national database to study the risk factors associated with mortality. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to estimate the association between risk factors and mortality. We used classification and regression trees to identify the risk factors that are the most important for clinical decision-making. FINDINGS This study is one of the largest prospective cohort studies of COVID-19 mortality in a LMIC, covering 36% of all lab-confirmed COVID-19 cases in the country during the study period. We found that being male, being very young or elderly, having low socioeconomic status, chronic kidney and liver disease, and being infected during the latter pandemic period were significantly associated with a higher risk of mortality from COVID-19. Males had 1.15 times higher odds (95% Confidence Interval, CI: 1.09, 1.22) of death compared to females. Compared to the reference age group (20-24 years olds), the odds ratio of mortality increased monotonically with age, ranging from an odds ratio of 1.35 (95% CI: 1.05, 1.73) for ages 30-34 to an odds ratio of 21.6 (95% CI: 17.08, 27.38) for ages 75-79 year group. For children 0-4 years old the odds of mortality were 3.93 (95% CI: 2.74, 5.64) times higher than 20-24 years olds. Other significant predictors were severe symptoms of COVID-19 such as breathing difficulty, fever, and diarrhea. Patients who were assessed by a physician as having a severe episode of COVID-19 based on the telehealth interview had 12.43 (95% CI: 11.04, 13.99) times higher odds of mortality compared to those assessed to have a mild episode. The finding that the telehealth doctors' assessment of disease severity was highly predictive of subsequent COVID-19 mortality, underscores the feasibility and value of the telehealth services. CONCLUSIONS Our findings confirm the universality of certain COVID-19 risk factors-such as gender and age-while highlighting other risk factors that appear to be more (or less) relevant in the context of Bangladesh. These findings on the demographic, socioeconomic, and clinical risk factors for COVID-19 mortality can help guide public health and clinical decision-making. Harnessing the benefits of the telehealth system and optimizing care for those most at risk of mortality, particularly in the context of a LMIC, are the key takeaways from this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Sania
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Ayesha S Mahmud
- Department of Demography, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Daniel M Alschuler
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Tamanna Urmi
- Network Science Institute, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Shayan Chowdhury
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
- Aspire to Innovate (a2i) ICT Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Seonjoo Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | | | | | - Kawsar Hosain Sojib
- Aspire to Innovate (a2i) ICT Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Department of Economics, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Tahmid Khan
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Yiafee Khan
- Aspire to Innovate (a2i) ICT Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Anir Chowdhury
- Aspire to Innovate (a2i) ICT Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Shams El Arifeen
- Maternal and Child Health Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Moyers SA, Hartwell M, Chiaf A, Greiner B, Oliver JA, Croff JM. Associations of Combustible Cigarette, Electronic Cigarette, and Dual Use With COVID Infection and Severity in the U.S.: A Cross-sectional Analysis of the 2021 National Health Information Survey. Tob Use Insights 2023; 16:1179173X231179675. [PMID: 37324057 PMCID: PMC10262671 DOI: 10.1177/1179173x231179675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Given the potential respiratory health risks, the association of COVID infection and the use of combustible cigarettes, electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS), and concurrent dual use is a priority for public health. Many published reports have not accounted for known covarying factors. This study sought to calculate adjusted odds ratios for self-reported COVID infection and disease severity as a function of smoking and ENDS use, while accounting for factors known to influence COVID infection and disease severity (i.e., age, sex, race and ethnicity, socioeconomic status and educational attainment, rural or urban environment, self-reported diabetes, COPD, coronary heart disease, and obesity status). Data from the 2021 U.S. National Health Interview Survey, a cross-sectional questionnaire design, were used to calculate both unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios for self-reported COVID infection and severity of symptoms. Results indicate that combustible cigarette use is associated with a lower likelihood of self-reported COVID infection relative to non-use of tobacco products (AOR = .64; 95% CI [.55, .74]), whereas ENDS use is associated with a higher likelihood of self-reported COVID infection (AOR = 1.30; 95% CI [1.04, 1.63]). There was no significant difference in COVID infection among dual users (ENDS and combustible use) when compared with non-users. Adjusting for covarying factors did not substantially change the results. There were no significant differences in COVID disease severity between those of varying smoking status. Future research should examine the relationship between smoking status and COVID infection and disease severity utilizing longitudinal study designs and non-self-report measures of smoking status (e.g., the biomarker cotinine), COVID infection (e.g., positive tests), and disease severity (e.g., hospitalizations, ventilator assistance, mortality, and ongoing symptoms of long COVID).
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Affiliation(s)
- Susette A Moyers
- Center for Rural Health, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - Micah Hartwell
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, OK, USA
- Office of Medical Student Research, Oklahoma State University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - Ashleigh Chiaf
- Center for Rural Health, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - Benjamin Greiner
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Jason A Oliver
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, OK, USA
- TSET Health Promotion Research Center, Stephenson Cancer Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Julie M Croff
- Center for Rural Health, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, OK, USA
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Akita T, Oda K, Narukawa S, Morita Y, Tange K, Nakai Y, Yamashita C. Intracellular Drug Delivery Process of Am80-Encapsulated Lipid Nanoparticles Aiming for Alveolar Regeneration. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:838. [PMID: 37375785 DOI: 10.3390/ph16060838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) results in obstructive ventilatory impairment caused by emphysema, and current treatment is limited to symptomatic therapy or lung transplantation. Therefore, the development of new treatments to repair alveolar destruction is especially urgent. Our previous study revealed that 1.0 mg/kg of synthetic retinoid Am80 had a repair effect on collapsed alveoli in a mouse model of elastase-induced emphysema. From these results, however, the clinical dose calculated in accordance with FDA guidance is estimated to be 5.0 mg/60 kg, and it is desirable to further reduce the dose to allow the formulation of a powder inhaler for clinical application. To efficiently deliver Am80 to the retinoic acid receptor in the cell nucleus, which is the site of action, we focused on SS-cleavable proton-activated lipid-like material O-Phentyl-P4C2COATSOME®SS-OP, hereinafter referred to as "SS-OP"). In this study, we investigated the cellular uptake and intracellular drug delivery process of Am80-encapsulated SS-OP nanoparticles to elucidate the mechanism of Am80 by nanoparticulation. Am80-encapsulated SS-OP nanoparticles were taken up into the cells via ApoE, and then Am80 was efficiently delivered into the nucleus via RARα. These results indicated the usefulness of SS-OP nanoparticles as drug delivery system carriers of Am80 for COPD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomomi Akita
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Oda
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Japan
| | - Satoru Narukawa
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Japan
| | - Yuki Morita
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Japan
| | - Kota Tange
- Life Science Research Laboratory, NOF CORPORATION, 3-3 Chidori-cho, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki City 210-0865, Japan
| | - Yuta Nakai
- Life Science Research Laboratory, NOF CORPORATION, 3-3 Chidori-cho, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki City 210-0865, Japan
| | - Chikamasa Yamashita
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Japan
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Ballouz T, Menges D, Anagnostopoulos A, Domenghino A, Aschmann HE, Frei A, Fehr JS, Puhan MA. Recovery and symptom trajectories up to two years after SARS-CoV-2 infection: population based, longitudinal cohort study. BMJ 2023; 381:e074425. [PMID: 37257891 DOI: 10.1136/bmj-2022-074425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate longer term symptoms and health outcomes associated with post-covid-19 condition within a cohort of individuals with a SARS-CoV-2 infection. DESIGN Population based, longitudinal cohort. SETTING General population of canton of Zurich, Switzerland. PARTICIPANTS 1106 adults with a confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection who were not vaccinated before infection and 628 adults who did not have an infection. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Trajectories of self-reported health status and covid-19 related symptoms between months six, 12, 18, and 24 after infection and excess risk of symptoms at six months after infection compared with individuals who had no infection. RESULTS 22.9% (95% confidence interval 20.4% to 25.6%) of individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2 did not fully recover by six months. The proportion of individuals who had an infection who reported not having recovered decreased to 18.5% (16.2% to 21.1%) at 12 months and 17.2% (14.0% to 20.8%) at 24 months after infection. When assessing changes in self-reported health status, most participants had continued recovery (68.4% (63.8% to 72.6%)) or had an overall improvement (13.5% (10.6% to 17.2%)) over time. Yet, 5.2% (3.5% to 7.7%) had a worsening in health status and 4.4% (2.9% to 6.7%) had alternating periods of recovery and health impairment. The point prevalence and severity of covid-19 related symptoms also decreased over time, with 18.1% (14.8% to 21.9%) reporting symptoms at 24 months. 8.9% (6.5% to 11.2%) of participants reported symptoms at all four follow-up time points, while in 12.5% (9.8% to 15.9%) symptoms were alternatingly absent and present. Symptom prevalence was higher among individuals who were infected compared with those who were not at six months (adjusted risk difference 17.0% (11.5% to 22.4%)). Excess risk (adjusted risk difference) for individual symptoms among those infected ranged from 2% to 10%, with the highest excess risks observed for altered taste or smell (9.8% (7.7% to 11.8%)), post-exertional malaise (9.4% (6.1% to 12.7%)), fatigue (5.4% (1.2% to 9.5%)), dyspnoea (7.8% (5.2% to 10.4%)), and reduced concentration (8.3% (6.0% to 10.7%)) and memory (5.7% (3.5% to 7.9%)). CONCLUSIONS Up to 18% of individuals who were not vaccinated before infection had post-covid-19 condition up to two years after infection, with evidence of excess symptom risk compared with controls. Effective interventions are needed to reduce the burden of post-covid-19 condition. Use of multiple outcome measures and consideration of the expected rates of recovery and heterogeneity in symptom trajectories are important in the design and interpretation of clinical trials. REGISTRATIONS ISRCTN18181860, .
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Affiliation(s)
- Tala Ballouz
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dominik Menges
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alexia Anagnostopoulos
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anja Domenghino
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hélène E Aschmann
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Anja Frei
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jan S Fehr
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Milo A Puhan
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Martin CA, Nazareth J, Jarkhi A, Pan D, Das M, Logan N, Scott S, Bryant L, Abeywickrama N, Adeoye O, Ahmed A, Asif A, Bandi S, George N, Gohar M, Gray LJ, Kaszuba R, Mangwani J, Martin M, Moorthy A, Renals V, Teece L, Vail D, Khunti K, Moss P, Tattersall A, Hallis B, Otter AD, Rowe C, Willett BJ, Haldar P, Cooper A, Pareek M. Ethnic differences in cellular and humoral immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in UK healthcare workers: a cross-sectional analysis. EClinicalMedicine 2023; 58:101926. [PMID: 37034357 PMCID: PMC10071048 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2023.101926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Few studies have compared SARS-CoV-2 vaccine immunogenicity by ethnic group. We sought to establish whether cellular and humoral immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination differ according to ethnicity in UK Healthcare workers (HCWs). Methods In this cross-sectional analysis, we used baseline data from two immunological cohort studies conducted in HCWs in Leicester, UK. Blood samples were collected between March 3, and September 16, 2021. We excluded HCW who had not received two doses of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine at the time of sampling and those who had serological evidence of previous SARS-CoV-2 infection. Outcome measures were SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific total antibody titre, neutralising antibody titre and ELISpot count. We compared our outcome measures by ethnic group using univariable (t tests and rank-sum tests depending on distribution) and multivariable (linear regression for antibody titres and negative binomial regression for ELISpot counts) tests. Multivariable analyses were adjusted for age, sex, vaccine type, length of interval between vaccine doses and time between vaccine administration and sample collection and expressed as adjusted geometric mean ratios (aGMRs) or adjusted incidence rate ratios (aIRRs). To assess differences in the early immune response to vaccination we also conducted analyses in a subcohort who provided samples between 14 and 50 days after their second dose of vaccine. Findings The total number of HCWs in each analysis were 401 for anti-spike antibody titres, 345 for neutralising antibody titres and 191 for ELISpot. Overall, 25.4% (19.7% South Asian and 5.7% Black/Mixed/Other) were from ethnic minority groups. In analyses including the whole cohort, neutralising antibody titres were higher in South Asian HCWs than White HCWs (aGMR 1.47, 95% CI [1.06-2.06], P = 0.02) as were T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 S1 peptides (aIRR 1.75, 95% CI [1.05-2.89], P = 0.03). In a subcohort sampled between 14 and 50 days after second vaccine dose, SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific antibody and neutralising antibody geometric mean titre (GMT) was higher in South Asian HCWs compared to White HCWs (9616 binding antibody units (BAU)/ml, 95% CI [7178-12,852] vs 5888 BAU/ml [5023-6902], P = 0.008 and 2851 95% CI [1811-4487] vs 1199 [984-1462], P < 0.001 respectively), increments which persisted after adjustment (aGMR 1.26, 95% CI [1.01-1.58], P = 0.04 and aGMR 2.01, 95% CI [1.34-3.01], P = 0.001). SARS-CoV-2 ELISpot responses to S1 and whole spike peptides (S1 + S2 response) were higher in HCWs from South Asian ethnic groups than those from White groups (S1: aIRR 2.33, 95% CI [1.09-4.94], P = 0.03; spike: aIRR, 2.04, 95% CI [1.02-4.08]). Interpretation This study provides evidence that, in an infection naïve cohort, humoral and cellular immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination are stronger in South Asian HCWs than White HCWs. These differences are most clearly seen in the early period following vaccination. Further research is required to understand the underlying mechanisms, whether differences persist with further exposure to vaccine or virus, and the potential impact on vaccine effectiveness. Funding DIRECT and BELIEVE have received funding from UK Research and Innovation (UKRI) through the COVID-19 National Core Studies Immunity (NCSi) programme (MC_PC_20060).
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A. Martin
- Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- Department of Infection and HIV Medicine, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
- Leicester NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, UK
| | - Joshua Nazareth
- Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- Department of Infection and HIV Medicine, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
- Leicester NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, UK
| | - Amar Jarkhi
- Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Daniel Pan
- Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- Department of Infection and HIV Medicine, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
- Leicester NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, UK
- Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, Oxford Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Mrinal Das
- Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Nicola Logan
- University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, University of Glasgow, Bearsden Road, Glasgow, UK
| | - Sam Scott
- University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, University of Glasgow, Bearsden Road, Glasgow, UK
| | - Luke Bryant
- Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- Leicester NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, UK
| | | | - Oluwatobi Adeoye
- Leicester Medical School, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Aleem Ahmed
- Department of Infection and HIV Medicine, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
| | - Aqua Asif
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Srini Bandi
- Department of Paediatrics, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester, UK
| | - Nisha George
- Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- Department of Infection and HIV Medicine, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
| | - Marjan Gohar
- Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- Department of Infection and HIV Medicine, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
| | - Laura J. Gray
- Biostatistics Research Group, Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Ross Kaszuba
- Leicester Medical School, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Jitendra Mangwani
- Academic Team of Musculoskeletal Surgery, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Marianne Martin
- Children's Intensive Care Unit, Leicester Children's Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Arumugam Moorthy
- Department of Rheumatology, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
- College of Life Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Valerie Renals
- Research Space, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, UK
| | - Lucy Teece
- Biostatistics Research Group, Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Denny Vail
- Research Space, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, UK
| | - Kamlesh Khunti
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Paul Moss
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Bassam Hallis
- UK Health Security Agency, Porton Down, Salisbury, UK
| | | | - Cathy Rowe
- UK Health Security Agency, Porton Down, Salisbury, UK
| | - Brian J. Willett
- University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, University of Glasgow, Bearsden Road, Glasgow, UK
| | - Pranab Haldar
- Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Andrea Cooper
- Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- Leicester NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, UK
| | - Manish Pareek
- Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- Department of Infection and HIV Medicine, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
- Leicester NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, UK
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Datta S, Montoya R, Franco J, Haro M, Tapia P, Pozo C, Quispe J, Lozano A, Quevedo Cruz L, Evans C. A prospective cohort study of economic and nutritional changes during the COVID-19 pandemic in urban Callao, Lima, Peru. Wellcome Open Res 2023. [DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.18536.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Peru followed strict quarantine measures to control COVID-19 but reported excess mortality rates during the pandemic that were the highest globally. High obesity prevalence in Peru may have contributed to COVID-19 mortality, although economic hardship during the pandemic could have reduced obesity. To investigate these potential associations, we updated surveys of economic status, nutritional status, and risk factors for severe COVID-19 in residents of Callao, in the Lima metropolitan area of Peru. Methods: We attempted in December 2021 to invite members of households selected randomly from a map that had provided data in previous surveys 2016-2018 and 2019-2020 to participate in another survey. Households were contacted by telephone and, if uncontactable, were visited. Demographic, economic, and health-related data were collected using the Kobo toolbox platform. Results. We interviewed 83% (305/369) of censused household members for 65% (90/138) of previously participating households. Dissaving activities were reported by all households during the pandemic, more than 2016-2018 (51%, 95% confidence interval, CI=41-62%) and 2019-2020 (44%, 95%CI=33-53%, both p<0.0001). Moreover, 90% (81/90, 95%CI=82-95%) of households reported inability to afford sufficient food and hunger rates increased 1.4 times compared with 2016-2018 (95%CI=1.02, 2.0, p=0.04). Despite financial and food insecurity during the pandemic, the mean adult body mass index was maintained unchanged from the 2019-2020 survey at 27 kg/m2 (standard deviation, SD=4.5 kg/m2), having increased (p=0.0001) from 26 kg/m2 (SD=4.1 kg/m2) in 2016-2018. Overweight/obesity was the most common risk factor for severe COVID-19, and adults were 3.1 times (95%CI=2.3-4.2, p<0.0001) more likely to be overweight/obese than they were to have a co-morbid illness. There was considerable dietary diversity and only 23% of participants had taken micronutrient supplements and 11% probiotics in the past year. Conclusion: Obesity was the most prevalent risk factor for severe COVID-19 despite economic pressure, food insecurity, and hunger during the pandemic.
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48
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Hansen BT, Labberton AS, Kour P, Kraft KB. Coverage of primary and booster vaccination against COVID-19 by socioeconomic level: A nationwide cross-sectional registry study. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2023; 19:2188857. [PMID: 36941785 PMCID: PMC10072069 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2023.2188857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
High and equitable COVID-19 vaccination coverage is important for pandemic control and prevention of health inequity. However, little is known about socioeconomic correlates of booster vaccination coverage. In this cross-sectional study of all Norwegian adults in the national vaccination program (N = 4,190,655), we use individual-level registry data to examine coverage by levels of household income and education of primary (≥2 doses) and booster (≥3 doses) vaccination against COVID-19. We stratify the analyses by age groups with different booster recommendations and report relative risk ratios (RR) for vaccination by 25 August 2022. In the 18-44 y group, individuals with highest vs. lowest education had 94% vs. 79% primary coverage (adjusted RR (adjRR) 1.15, 95%CI 1.14-1.15) and 67% vs. 38% booster coverage (adjRR 1.55, 95% CI 1.55-1.56), while individuals with highest vs. lowest income had 94% vs. 81% primary coverage (adjRR 1.10, 95%CI 1.10-1.10) and 60% vs. 43% booster coverage (adjRR 1.23, 95%CI 1.22-1.24). In the ≥45 y group, individuals with highest vs. lowest education had 96% vs. 92% primary coverage (adjRR 1.02, 95%CI 1.02-1.02) and 88% vs. 80% booster coverage (adjRR 1.09, 95%CI 1.09-1.09), while individuals with highest vs. lowest income had 98% vs. 82% primary coverage (adjRR 1.16, 95%CI 1.16-1.16) and 92% vs. 64% booster coverage (adjRR 1.33, 95%CI 1.33-1.34). In conclusion, we document large socioeconomic inequalities in COVID-19 vaccination coverage, especially for booster vaccination, even though all vaccination was free-of-charge. The results highlight the need to tailor information and to target underserved groups for booster vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo T Hansen
- Department of Infection Control and Vaccine, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway
| | - Angela S Labberton
- Division for Health Services, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Prabhjot Kour
- Department of Infection Control and Preparedness, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristian B Kraft
- Division for Health Services, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
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Kjøllesdal M, Magnusson K. Occupational risk of COVID-19 by country of birth. A register-based study. J Public Health (Oxf) 2023; 45:6-12. [PMID: 34617101 PMCID: PMC8522378 DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdab362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Occupational exposure has been suggested to contribute to a disproportionate burden of COVID-19 among immigrants. We aim to assess this hypothesis in Norway. METHODS In 2729 627 adults born in Norway, Somalia, Pakistan, Iraq, Afghanistan and Turkey, we examined whether persons employed as taxi drivers, bus and tram drivers, child care workers, nurses, personal care workers in health, food service counter attendants, waiters/bartenders, cleaners and shop sale persons had a higher risk of COVID-19, from 1 April 2020 to 2 December 2020, compared with (i) Norwegian-born in the same occupational group and (ii) all others with the same birth country and aged 20-70 years, using logistic regressions. RESULTS Within each occupational group, immigrants had a greatly increased odds of COVID-19 when compared with Norwegian-born (odds ratio [OR] ~ 1.66-12.72). However, immigrants working in the selected occupations had the same odds of COVID-19 as person with same birth country not having the same occupation (OR ~ 1). Exceptions were Somalian, Afghani and Iraqi personal care workers in health services who had an increased odds of COVID-19 compared with others from the same country. CONCLUSION Occupation is not an important driver of the high rates of COVID-19 among immigrants from Somalia, Pakistan, Iraq, Afghanistan and Turkey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marte Kjøllesdal
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Health Services Research, 0213 Oslo, Norway.,Norwegian University of Lifesciences, Institute of Public Health Science, 1433 Ås, Norway
| | - Karin Magnusson
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Health Services Research, 0213 Oslo, Norway
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50
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Kuhlmeier E, Chan T, Meli ML, Willi B, Wolfensberger A, Reitt K, Hüttl J, Jones S, Tyson G, Hosie MJ, Zablotski Y, Hofmann-Lehmann R. A Risk Factor Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Animals in COVID-19-Affected Households. Viruses 2023; 15:731. [PMID: 36992440 PMCID: PMC10051903 DOI: 10.3390/v15030731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
A higher prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infections in animals that have close contact with SARS-CoV-2-positive humans ("COVID-19 households") has been demonstrated in several countries. This prospective study aimed to determine the SARS-CoV-2 prevalence in animals from Swiss COVID-19 households and to assess the potential risk factors for infection. The study included 226 companion animals (172 cats, 76.1%; 49 dogs, 21.7%; and 5 other animals, 2.2%) from 122 COVID-19 households with 336 human household members (including 230 SARS-CoV-2-positive people). The animals were tested for viral RNA using an RT-qPCR and/or serologically for antibodies and neutralizing activity. Additionally, surface samples from animal fur and beds underwent an RT-qPCR. A questionnaire about hygiene, animal hygiene, and contact intensity was completed by the household members. A total of 49 of the 226 animals (21.7%) from 31 of the 122 households (25.4%) tested positive/questionably positive for SARS-CoV-2, including 37 of the 172 cats (21.5%) and 12 of the 49 dogs (24.5%). The surface samples tested positive significantly more often in households with SARS-CoV-2-positive animals than in households with SARS-CoV-2-negative animals (p = 0.011). Significantly more animals tested positive in the multivariable analysis for households with minors. For cats, a shorter length of outdoor access and a higher frequency of removing droppings from litterboxes were factors that were significantly associated with higher infection rates. The study emphasizes that the behavior of owners and the living conditions of animals can influence the likelihood of a SARS-CoV-2 infection in companion animals. Therefore, it is crucial to monitor the infection transmission and dynamics in animals, as well as to identify the possible risk factors for animals in infected households.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn Kuhlmeier
- Clinical Laboratory, Vetsuisse Faculty, Department of Clinical Diagnostics and Services, and Center for Clinical Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; (T.C.); (M.L.M.); (R.H.-L.)
| | - Tatjana Chan
- Clinical Laboratory, Vetsuisse Faculty, Department of Clinical Diagnostics and Services, and Center for Clinical Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; (T.C.); (M.L.M.); (R.H.-L.)
| | - Marina L. Meli
- Clinical Laboratory, Vetsuisse Faculty, Department of Clinical Diagnostics and Services, and Center for Clinical Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; (T.C.); (M.L.M.); (R.H.-L.)
| | - Barbara Willi
- Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland;
| | - Aline Wolfensberger
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland;
| | - Katja Reitt
- Center for Laboratory Medicine, Veterinary Diagnostic Services, Frohbergstrasse 3, 9001 St. Gallen, Switzerland; (K.R.); (J.H.)
| | - Julia Hüttl
- Center for Laboratory Medicine, Veterinary Diagnostic Services, Frohbergstrasse 3, 9001 St. Gallen, Switzerland; (K.R.); (J.H.)
| | - Sarah Jones
- School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Bearsden Road, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK; (S.J.); (G.T.)
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Bearsden Road, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Grace Tyson
- School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Bearsden Road, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK; (S.J.); (G.T.)
| | - Margaret J. Hosie
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Bearsden Road, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Yury Zablotski
- Clinic of Small Animal Medicine, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, LMU Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany;
| | - Regina Hofmann-Lehmann
- Clinical Laboratory, Vetsuisse Faculty, Department of Clinical Diagnostics and Services, and Center for Clinical Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; (T.C.); (M.L.M.); (R.H.-L.)
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