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Tayyab M, Xie P, Sami MA, Raji H, Lin Z, Meng Z, Mahmoodi SR, Javanmard M. A portable analog front-end system for label-free sensing of proteins using nanowell array impedance sensors. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20119. [PMID: 36418852 PMCID: PMC9684124 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23286-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteins are useful biomarkers for a wide range of applications such as cancer detection, discovery of vaccines, and determining exposure to viruses and pathogens. Here, we present a low-noise front-end analog circuit interface towards development of a portable readout system for the label-free sensing of proteins using Nanowell array impedance sensing with a form factor of approximately 35cm2. The electronic interface consists of a low-noise lock-in amplifier enabling reliable detection of changes in impedance as low as 0.1% and thus detection of proteins down to the picoMolar level. The sensitivity of our system is comparable to that of a commercial bench-top impedance spectroscope when using the same sensors. The aim of this work is to demonstrate the potential of using impedance sensing as a portable, low-cost, and reliable method of detecting proteins, thus inching us closer to a Point-of-Care (POC) personalized health monitoring system. We have demonstrated the utility of our system to detect antibodies at various concentrations and protein (45 pM IL-6) in PBS, however, our system has the capability to be used for assaying various biomarkers including proteins, cytokines, virus molecules and antibodies in a portable setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Tayyab
- grid.430387.b0000 0004 1936 8796Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, 08901 USA
| | - Pengfei Xie
- grid.430387.b0000 0004 1936 8796Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, 08901 USA
| | - Muhammad Ahsan Sami
- grid.430387.b0000 0004 1936 8796Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, 08901 USA
| | - Hassan Raji
- grid.430387.b0000 0004 1936 8796Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, 08901 USA
| | - Zhongtian Lin
- grid.430387.b0000 0004 1936 8796Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, 08901 USA
| | - Zhuolun Meng
- grid.430387.b0000 0004 1936 8796Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, 08901 USA
| | - Seyed Reza Mahmoodi
- grid.430387.b0000 0004 1936 8796Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, 08901 USA
| | - Mehdi Javanmard
- grid.430387.b0000 0004 1936 8796Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, 08901 USA
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Sung JS, Bong JH, Lee SJ, Jung J, Kang MJ, Lee M, Shim WB, Jose J, Pyun JC. One-step immunoassay for food allergens based on screened mimotopes from autodisplayed F V-antibody library. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 202:113976. [PMID: 35042130 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.113976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
One-step immunoassay detects a target analyte simply by mixing a sample with a reagent solution without any washing steps. Herein, we present a one-step immunoassay that uses a peptide mimicking a target analyte (mimotope). The key idea of this strategy is that the mimotopes are screened from an autodisplayed FV-antibody library using monoclonal antibodies against target analytes. The monoclonal antibodies are bound to fluorescence-labeled mimotopes, which are quantitatively released into the solution when the target analytes are bound to the monoclonal antibodies. Thus, the target analyte is detected without any washing steps. For the mimotope screening, an FV-antibody library was exhibited on the outer membrane of E. coli with a diversity of >106 clones/library using autodisplay technology. The targeted clones were screened from the autodisplayed FV-antibody library using magnetic beads with immobilized monoclonal antibodies against food allergens. The analysis of binding properties of a control strain with mutant FV -antibodies composed of only CDR1 and CDR2 demonstrated that the CDR3 regions of the screened FV-antibodies showed binding affinity to food allergens. The CDR3 regions were synthesized into peptides as mimotopes for the corresponding food allergens (mackerel, peanuts, and pig fat). One-step immunoassays for food allergens were demonstrated using mimotopes against mackerel, peanut, and pig fat without any washing steps in solution without immobilization of antibodies to a solid support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Soo Sung
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Ji-Hong Bong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Soo Jeong Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Jaeyong Jung
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Min-Jung Kang
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, South Korea
| | - Misu Lee
- Institute for New Drug Development, College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Bo Shim
- Department of Food Science and Technology & Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongnam, 52828, South Korea
| | - Joachim Jose
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medical Chemistry, Westfälischen Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Jae-Chul Pyun
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea.
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Wan C, Qu A, Li M, Tang R, Fu L, Liu X, Wang P, Wu C. Electrochemical Sensor for Directional Recognition and Measurement of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Water. Anal Chem 2021; 94:732-739. [PMID: 34932901 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c03100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The establishment of rapid targeted identification and analysis of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) is very important. In this study, an electrochemical sensor, which can detect ARGs was obtained by modifying the sulfhydryl single-stranded DNA probe onto the thin-film gold electrode through self-assembly. The sensor can perform a hybridization reaction with a target sequence to obtain an electrochemical impedance spectroscopy signal. The results showed that when the concentration of the probe used to modify thin-film gold electrodes during preparation was 1 μM, the hybridization time was 1 h, and the hybridization temperature was 35 °C, the self-assembled sensor showed good detection performance for the ARGs encoding β-lactam hydrolase. The measurement ARG concentration linear range is 6.3-900.0 ng/mL, and the R2 is 0.9992. The sensor shows good specific recognition ability for single-base, double-base, and three-base mismatch DNA. In addition, after 30 days of storage at 4 °C, the accurate identification and analysis of ARGs can still be maintained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunli Wan
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Aoxuan Qu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Min Li
- Research Center of Environmental Pollution Control Engineering Technology, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Rui Tang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Liya Fu
- Research Center of Environmental Pollution Control Engineering Technology, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Xiang Liu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Panxin Wang
- Research Center of Environmental Pollution Control Engineering Technology, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Changyong Wu
- Research Center of Environmental Pollution Control Engineering Technology, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
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Sopoušek J, Věžník J, Houser J, Skládal P, Lacina K. Crucial factors governing the electrochemical impedance on protein-modified surfaces. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.138616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Kuralay F, Dükar N. Polypyrrole‐Based Nanohybrid Electrodes: Their Preparation and Potential Use for DNA Recognition and Paclitaxel Quantification. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201904253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Filiz Kuralay
- Department of ChemistryFaculty of ScienceHacettepe University 06800 Ankara Turkey
| | - Nilgün Dükar
- Ordu UniversityFaculty of Arts and SciencesDepartment of Chemistry 52200 Ordu Turkey
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Yuhana Ariffin E, Heng LY, Tan LL, Abd Karim NH, Hasbullah SA. A Highly Sensitive Impedimetric DNA Biosensor Based on Hollow Silica Microspheres for Label-Free Determination of E. coli. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 20:E1279. [PMID: 32111092 PMCID: PMC7085554 DOI: 10.3390/s20051279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
A novel label-free electrochemical DNA biosensor was constructed for the determination of Escherichia coli bacteria in environmental water samples. The aminated DNA probe was immobilized onto hollow silica microspheres (HSMs) functionalized with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane and deposited onto a screen-printed electrode (SPE) carbon paste with supported gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). The biosensor was optimized for higher specificity and sensitivity. The label-free E. coli DNA biosensor exhibited a dynamic linear response range of 1 × 10-10 µM to 1 × 10-5 µM (R2 = 0.982), with a limit of detection at 1.95 × 10-15 µM, without a redox mediator. The sensitivity of the developed DNA biosensor was comparable to the non-complementary and single-base mismatched DNA. The DNA biosensor demonstrated a stable response up to 21 days of storage at 4 ℃ and pH 7. The DNA biosensor response was regenerable over three successive regeneration and rehybridization cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eda Yuhana Ariffin
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; (E.Y.A.); (N.H.A.K.); (S.A.H.)
| | - Lee Yook Heng
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; (E.Y.A.); (N.H.A.K.); (S.A.H.)
| | - Ling Ling Tan
- Southeast Asia Disaster Prevention Research Initiative (SEADPRI-UKM), Institute for Environment and Development (LESTARI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia;
| | - Nurul Huda Abd Karim
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; (E.Y.A.); (N.H.A.K.); (S.A.H.)
| | - Siti Aishah Hasbullah
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; (E.Y.A.); (N.H.A.K.); (S.A.H.)
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Mobed A, Hasanzadeh M, Shadjou N, Hassanpour S, Saadati A, Agazadeh M. Immobilization of ssDNA on the surface of silver nanoparticles-graphene quantum dots modified by gold nanoparticles towards biosensing of microorganism. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2019.104286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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8
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Equivalent circuit models for a biomembrane impedance sensor and analysis of electrochemical impedance spectra based on support vector regression. Med Biol Eng Comput 2019; 57:1515-1524. [PMID: 30941674 PMCID: PMC6592963 DOI: 10.1007/s11517-019-01970-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
In this study, an electrochemical impedance biosensor was developed as a simple and fast method for real-time monitoring of biofilm binding properties via continuous impedance spectroscopy. To prepare the sensing membrane, cells were immobilized onto gold electrodes with nitrocellulose membranes. Different cell growth features were measured with the impedance instrument and analyzed using an equivalent model for data fitting and support vector regression (SVR) for data processing. The collected impedance spectra revealed that the binding attachment areas of cells differ depending on the cell density. Our results demonstrate the usefulness and feasibility of training our impedance-based sensor with a small amount of data to predict the effective area of different biofilms (GE, NGE, and CNGE), with a prediction error of 9.8%. Graphical abstract ![]()
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Stefan-van Staden RI, Bokretsion RG, van Staden JF, Aboul-Enein HY. Immunosensors in Clinical and Environmental Analysis. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2013.866035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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10
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Ronkainen NJ, Okon SL. Nanomaterial-Based Electrochemical Immunosensors for Clinically Significant Biomarkers. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2014; 7:4669-4709. [PMID: 28788700 PMCID: PMC5455914 DOI: 10.3390/ma7064669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Revised: 05/26/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Nanotechnology has played a crucial role in the development of biosensors over the past decade. The development, testing, optimization, and validation of new biosensors has become a highly interdisciplinary effort involving experts in chemistry, biology, physics, engineering, and medicine. The sensitivity, the specificity and the reproducibility of biosensors have improved tremendously as a result of incorporating nanomaterials in their design. In general, nanomaterials-based electrochemical immunosensors amplify the sensitivity by facilitating greater loading of the larger sensing surface with biorecognition molecules as well as improving the electrochemical properties of the transducer. The most common types of nanomaterials and their properties will be described. In addition, the utilization of nanomaterials in immunosensors for biomarker detection will be discussed since these biosensors have enormous potential for a myriad of clinical uses. Electrochemical immunosensors provide a specific and simple analytical alternative as evidenced by their brief analysis times, inexpensive instrumentation, lower assay cost as well as good portability and amenability to miniaturization. The role nanomaterials play in biosensors, their ability to improve detection capabilities in low concentration analytes yielding clinically useful data and their impact on other biosensor performance properties will be discussed. Finally, the most common types of electroanalytical detection methods will be briefly touched upon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niina J Ronkainen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Benedictine University, 5700 College Road, Lisle, IL 60532, USA.
| | - Stanley L Okon
- Department of Psychiatry, Advocate Lutheran General Hospital, 8South, 1775 West Dempster Street, Park Ridge, IL 60068, USA.
- Formerly of the Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, MC 847, 840 S. Wood St., Suite 130 CSN, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
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Holford TR, Davis F, Higson SP. Recent trends in antibody based sensors. Biosens Bioelectron 2012; 34:12-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2011.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2011] [Revised: 10/06/2011] [Accepted: 10/13/2011] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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12
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Arévalo FJ, Granero AM, Fernández H, Raba J, Zón MA. Citrinin (CIT) determination in rice samples using a micro fluidic electrochemical immunosensor. Talanta 2010; 83:966-73. [PMID: 21147345 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2010.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2010] [Revised: 10/29/2010] [Accepted: 11/01/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The development of an electrochemical immunosensor incorporated in a micro fluidic cell for quantification of citrinin (CIT) mycotoxin in rice samples is described for the first time. Both CIT present in rice samples and immobilized on a gold surface electrodeposited on a glassy carbon (GC) electrode modified with a cysteamine self-assembled monolayer were allowed to compete for the monoclonal mouse anti-CIT IgG antibody (mAb-CIT) present in solution. Then, an excess of rabbit anti mouse IgG (H+L) labelled with the horseradish peroxidase (secAb-HRP) was added, which reacts with the mAb-CIT which is in the immuno-complex formed with the immobilized CIT on the electrode surface. The HPR, in the presence of hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) catalyzes the oxidation of catechol (H(2)Q) whose back electrochemical reduction was detected on a GC electrode at -0.15 V vs Ag/AgCl by amperometric measurements. The current measured is proportional to the enzymatic activity and inversely proportional to the amount of CIT present in the rice samples. This immunosensor for CIT showed a range of work between 0.5 and 50 ng mL(-1). The detection (LOD) and the quantification (LOQ) limits were 0.1 and 0.5 ng mL(-1), respectively. The coefficients of variation intra- and inter-assays were less than 6%. The electrochemical detection could be done within 2 min and the assay total time was 45 min. The immunosensor was provided to undertake at least 80 determinations for different samples with a minimum previous pre-treatment. Our electrochemical immunosensor showed a higher sensitivity and reduced analysis time compared to other analytical methods such as chromatographic methods. This methodology is fast, selective and very sensitive. Thus, the immunosensor showed to be a very useful tool to determine CIT in samples of cereals, mainly rice samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Javier Arévalo
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Agencia Postal No 3, (5800)-Río Cuarto, Argentina
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Bonanni A, del Valle M. Use of nanomaterials for impedimetric DNA sensors: A review. Anal Chim Acta 2010; 678:7-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2010.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2010] [Revised: 08/12/2010] [Accepted: 08/17/2010] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Liu S, Liu J, Wang L, Zhao F. Development of electrochemical DNA biosensor based on gold nanoparticle modified electrode by electroless deposition. Bioelectrochemistry 2010; 79:37-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2009.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2009] [Revised: 10/14/2009] [Accepted: 10/21/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Chai C, Takhistov P. Label-free toxin detection by means of time-resolved electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2010; 10:655-69. [PMID: 22315560 PMCID: PMC3270861 DOI: 10.3390/s100100655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2009] [Revised: 12/07/2009] [Accepted: 12/10/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The real-time detection of trace concentrations of biological toxins requires significant improvement of the detection methods from those reported in the literature. To develop a highly sensitive and selective detection device it is necessary to determine the optimal measuring conditions for the electrochemical sensor in three domains: time, frequency and polarization potential. In this work we utilized a time-resolved electrochemical impedance spectroscopy for the detection of trace concentrations of Staphylococcus enterotoxin B (SEB). An anti-SEB antibody has been attached to the nano-porous aluminum surface using 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane/glutaraldehyde coupling system. This immobilization method allows fabrication of a highly reproducible and stable sensing device. Using developed immobilization procedure and optimized detection regime, it is possible to determine the presence of SEB at the levels as low as 10 pg/mL in 15 minutes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhoon Chai
- School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; E-Mail:
| | - Paul Takhistov
- School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; E-Mail:
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Du P, Li H, Mei Z, Liu S. Electrochemical DNA biosensor for the detection of DNA hybridization with the amplification of Au nanoparticles and CdS nanoparticles. Bioelectrochemistry 2009; 75:37-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2009.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2008] [Revised: 01/14/2009] [Accepted: 01/15/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Bonanni A, Esplandiu MJ, del Valle M. Impedimetric genosensors employing COOH-modified carbon nanotube screen-printed electrodes. Biosens Bioelectron 2009; 24:2885-91. [PMID: 19327976 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2009.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2008] [Revised: 01/08/2009] [Accepted: 02/20/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Screen-printed electrodes modified with carboxyl functionalised multi-walled carbon nanotubes were used as platforms for impedimetric genosensing of oligonucleotide sequences specific for transgenic insect resistant Bt maize. After covalent immobilization of aminated DNA probe using carbodiimide chemistry, the impedance measurement was performed in a solution containing the redox marker ferrocyanide/ferricyanide. A complementary oligomer (target) was then added, its hybridization was promoted and the measurement performed as before. The change of interfacial charge transfer resistance between the solution and the electrode surface, experimented by the redox marker at the applied potential, was recorded to confirm the hybrid formation. Non-complementary DNA sequences containing a different number of base mismatches were also employed in the experiments in order to test specificity. A signal amplification protocol was then performed, using a biotinylated complementary target to capture streptavidin modified gold nanoparticles, thus increasing the final impedimetric signal (LOD improved from 72 to 22 fmol, maintaining a good reproducibility, in fact RSD<12.8% in all examined cases). In order to visualize the presence and distribution of gold nanoparticles, a silver enhancement treatment was applied to electrodes already modified with DNA-nanoparticles conjugate, allowing direct observation by scanning electron microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bonanni
- Sensors and Biosensors Group, Department of Chemistry, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Edifici Cn, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
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Bonanni A, Pividori MI, Campoy S, Barbé J, del Valle M. Impedimetric detection of double-tagged PCR products using novel amplification procedures based on gold nanoparticles and Protein G. Analyst 2009; 134:602-8. [DOI: 10.1039/b815502j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Teles F, Fonseca L. Applications of polymers for biomolecule immobilization in electrochemical biosensors. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2008.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Bonanni A, Calvo D, del Valle M. Dual-Genic Hybridization Sensor Employing Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy. ELECTROANAL 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.200704184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Pruneanu S, Boughriet A, Henderson A, Malins C, Ali Z, Olenic L. Impedimetric Measurements for Monitoring Avidin-Biotin Interaction on Self-Assembled Monolayer. PARTICULATE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/02726350801890870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Rahman MA, Kumar P, Park DS, Shim YB. Electrochemical Sensors Based on Organic Conjugated Polymers. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2008; 8:118-141. [PMID: 27879698 PMCID: PMC3681146 DOI: 10.3390/s8010118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2007] [Accepted: 01/04/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Organic conjugated polymers (conducting polymers) have emerged as potentialcandidates for electrochemical sensors. Due to their straightforward preparation methods,unique properties, and stability in air, conducting polymers have been applied to energystorage, electrochemical devices, memory devices, chemical sensors, and electrocatalysts.Conducting polymers are also known to be compatible with biological molecules in aneutral aqueous solution. Thus, these are extensively used in the fabrication of accurate,fast, and inexpensive devices, such as biosensors and chemical sensors in the medicaldiagnostic laboratories. Conducting polymer-based electrochemical sensors and biosensorsplay an important role in the improvement of public health and environment because rapiddetection, high sensitivity, small size, and specificity are achievable for environmentalmonitoring and clinical diagnostics. In this review, we summarized the recent advances inconducting polymer-based electrochemical sensors, which covers chemical sensors(potentiometric, voltammetric, amperometric) and biosensors (enzyme based biosensors,immunosensors, DNA sensors).
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Aminur Rahman
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Innovative Bio.Physio Sensor Technology, Pusan National University, Keumjeong-ku, Busan 609-735, South Korea.
| | - Pankaj Kumar
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Innovative Bio.Physio Sensor Technology, Pusan National University, Keumjeong-ku, Busan 609-735, South Korea.
| | - Deog-Su Park
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Innovative Bio.Physio Sensor Technology, Pusan National University, Keumjeong-ku, Busan 609-735, South Korea.
| | - Yoon-Bo Shim
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Innovative Bio.Physio Sensor Technology, Pusan National University, Keumjeong-ku, Busan 609-735, South Korea.
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Gautier C, Esnault C, Cougnon C, Pilard JF, Casse N, Chénais B. Hybridization-induced interfacial changes detected by non-Faradaic impedimetric measurements compared to Faradaic approach. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2007.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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25
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Bonanni A, Pividori MI, del Valle M. Application of the avidin-biotin interaction to immobilize DNA in the development of electrochemical impedance genosensors. Anal Bioanal Chem 2007; 389:851-61. [PMID: 17676315 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-007-1490-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2007] [Revised: 06/28/2007] [Accepted: 07/04/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Impedance spectroscopy is a rapidly developing technique for the transduction of biosensing events at the surface of an electrode. The immobilization of biomaterial as DNA strands on the electrode surface alters the capacitance and the interfacial electron transfer resistance of the conductive electrodes. The impedimetric technique is an effective method of probing modifications to these interfacial properties, thus allowing the differentiation of hybridization events. In this work, an avidin bulk-modified graphite-epoxy biocomposite (Av-GEB) was employed to immobilize biotinylated oligonucleotides as well as double-stranded DNA onto the electrode surface. Impedance spectra were recorded to detect the change in the interfacial electron transfer resistance (R (et)) of the redox marker ferrocyanide/ferricyanide at a polarization potential of +0.17 V. The sensitivity of the technique and the good reproducibility of the results obtained with it confirm the validity of this method based on a universal affinity biocomposite platform coupled with the impedimetric technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bonanni
- Sensors and Biosensors Group, Department of Chemistry, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Edifici Cn, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
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26
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Dharuman V, Nebling E, Grunwald T, Albers J, Blohm L, Elsholz B, Wörl R, Hintsche R. DNA hybridization detection on electrical microarrays using coulostatic pulse technique. Biosens Bioelectron 2006; 22:744-51. [PMID: 16574397 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2006.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2005] [Revised: 02/14/2006] [Accepted: 02/20/2006] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrated a novel application of transient coulostatic pulse technique for the detection of label free DNA hybridization on nm-sized gold interdigitated ultramicroelectrode arrays (Au-IDA) made in silicon technology. The array consists of eight different positions with an Au-IDA pair at each position arranged on the Si-based Biochip. Immobilization of capture probes onto the Au-IDA was accomplished by self-assembling of thiol-modified oligonucleotides. Target hybridization was indicated by a change in the magnitude of the time dependant potential relaxation curve in presence of electroactive Fe(CN)(6)(3-) in the phosphate buffer solution. While complementary DNA hybridization showed 50% increase in the relaxation potential, the non-complementary DNA showed a negligible change. A constant behaviour was noted for all positions. The dsDNA specific intercalating molecule, methylene blue, was found to be enhancing the discrimination effect. The changes in the relaxation potential curves were further corroborated following the ELISA like experiments using ExtraAvidine alkaline phosphatase labelling and redox recycling of para-aminophenol phosphate at IDAs. The coulostatic pulse technique was shown to be useful for identifying DNA sequences from brain tumour gene CK20, human herpes simplex virus, cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus and M13 phage. Compared to the hybridization of short chain ONTs (27 mers), the hybridization of long chain M13 phage DNA showed three times higher increase in the relaxation curves. The method is fast enough to monitor hybridization interactions in milli or microsecond time scales and is well suitable for miniaturization and integration compared to the common impedance techniques for developing capacitative DNA sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Dharuman
- Department of Biotechnical Microsystems, Fraunhofer Institute for Silicon Technology, Fraunhoferstrasse 1, D-25524 Itzehoe, Germany
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Namvar A, Warriner K. Microbial imprinted polypyrrole/poly(3-methylthiophene) composite films for the detection of Bacillus endospores. Biosens Bioelectron 2006; 22:2018-24. [PMID: 17008088 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2006.08.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2006] [Revised: 08/23/2006] [Accepted: 08/25/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The fabrication of Bacillus subtilis endospore imprinted conducting polymer films and subsequent electrochemical detection of bound spores is reported. Imprinted films were prepared by absorbing spores on the surface of glassy carbon electrodes upon which a polypyrrole, followed by a poly(3-methylthiophene), layer were electrochemically deposited. Spore template release was achieved through soaking the modified electrode in DMSO. Binding of endospores to imprinted films could be detected via impedance spectroscopy by monitoring changes in Y'' (susceptance) using Mn(II)Cl2 (0.5M pH 3) as the supporting electrolyte. Here, the change in Y'' could be correlated to spore densities between 10(4) and 10(7)cfu/ml. More sensitive detection of absorbed spores was achieved by following endospore germination via changes in film charge as measured using cyclic voltammetry. Here, imprinted films were submerged in spore suspensions to permit absorption, heat activated at 70 degrees C for 10 min prior to transferring to an electrochemical cell containing germination activators. By using the assay format it was possible to detect 10(2)cfu/ml. The observed changes in film charge could be attributed to the interaction of the supporting conducting polymer with dipicolinic acid (DPA) and other constituents released from the core in the course of germination. In all cases, it was not possible to regenerate the imprinted films without losing electrode response. In summary, the study has provided proof-of-concept for fabricating microbial imprinted films using conducting polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azadeh Namvar
- Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
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28
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Malhotra BD, Chaubey A, Singh SP. Prospects of conducting polymers in biosensors. Anal Chim Acta 2006; 578:59-74. [PMID: 17723695 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2006.04.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 246] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2006] [Revised: 04/17/2006] [Accepted: 04/20/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Applications of conducting polymers to biosensors have recently aroused much interest. This is because these molecular electronic materials offer control of different parameters such as polymer layer thickness, electrical properties and bio-reagent loading, etc. Moreover, conducting polymer based biosensors are likely to cater to the pressing requirements such as biocompatibility, possibility of in vivo sensing, continuous monitoring of drugs or metabolites, multi-parametric assays, miniaturization and high information density. This paper deals with the emerging trends in conducting polymer based biosensors during the last about 5 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bansi D Malhotra
- Biomolecular Electronics and Conducting Polymer Research Group, National Physical Laboratory, Dr. K.S. Krishnan Marg, New Delhi 110012, India.
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29
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Pejcic B, De Marco R. Impedance spectroscopy: Over 35 years of electrochemical sensor optimization. Electrochim Acta 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2006.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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30
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Ramanavičius A, Ramanavičienė A, Malinauskas A. Electrochemical sensors based on conducting polymer—polypyrrole. Electrochim Acta 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2005.11.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 495] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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31
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Pejcic B, De Marco R, Parkinson G. The role of biosensors in the detection of emerging infectious diseases. Analyst 2006; 131:1079-90. [PMID: 17003853 DOI: 10.1039/b603402k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Global biosecurity threats such as the spread of emerging infectious diseases (i.e., avian influenza, SARS, Hendra, Nipah, etc.) and bioterrorism have generated significant interest in recent years. There is considerable effort directed towards understanding and negating the proliferation of infectious diseases. Biosensors are an attractive tool which have the potential to detect the outbreak of a virus and/or disease. Although there is a host of technologies available, either commercially or in the scientific literature, the development of biosensors for the detection of emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) is still in its infancy. There is no doubt that the glucose biosensor, the gene chip, the protein chip, etc. have all played and are still playing a significant role in monitoring various biomolecules. Can biosensors play an important role for the detection of emerging infectious diseases? What does the future hold and which biosensor technology platform is suitable for the real-time detection of infectious diseases? These and many other questions will be addressed in this review. The purpose of this review is to present an overview of biosensors particularly in relation to EIDs. It provides a synopsis of the various types of biosensor technologies that have been used to detect EIDs, and describes some of the technologies behind them in terms of transduction and bioreceptor principles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bobby Pejcic
- Nanochemistry Research Institute, Department of Applied Chemistry, Curtin University of Technology, GPO Box U 1987, Perth, WA, 6845, Australia
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32
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Bonanni A, Esplandiu MJ, Pividori MI, Alegret S, del Valle M. Impedimetric genosensors for the detection of DNA hybridization. Anal Bioanal Chem 2006; 385:1195-201. [PMID: 16826371 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-006-0558-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2005] [Revised: 05/03/2006] [Accepted: 05/15/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Impedance spectroscopy is proposed as the transduction principle for detecting the hybridization of DNA complementary strands. In our experiments, different DNA oligonucleotides were used as model gene substances. The gene probe is first immobilized on a graphite-epoxy composite working electrode based genosensor. Detection principle is based on changes of impedance spectra of a redox marker, the ferro/ferricyanide couple, after hybridization with target DNA. Resistance offered to the electrochemical reaction serves as the working signal, allowing for an unlabelled gene assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bonanni
- Sensors and Biosensors Group, Department of Chemistry, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Edifici Cn, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
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33
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Fu Y, Yuan R, Chai Y, Zhou L, Zhang Y. Coupling of a Reagentless Electrochemical DNA Biosensor with Conducting Polymer Film and Nanocomposite as Matrices for the Detection of the HIV DNA Sequences. ANAL LETT 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/00032710500536012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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34
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Label-free detection of DNA hybridization based on EIS investigation of conducting properties of functionalized polythiophene matrix. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2005.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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35
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Reagentless Immunosensing Assay via Electrochemical Impedance for Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Monitoring Based on Polypyrrole and Gold Nanoparticles as Matrices. CHINESE J CHEM 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.200690022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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36
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Dharuman V, Grunwald T, Nebling E, Albers J, Blohm L, Hintsche R. Label-free impedance detection of oligonucleotide hybridisation on interdigitated ultramicroelectrodes using electrochemical redox probes. Biosens Bioelectron 2005; 21:645-54. [PMID: 16202878 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2004.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2004] [Revised: 12/22/2004] [Accepted: 12/23/2004] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The direct detection of oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) hybridisation using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was made on interdigitated array (IDA) gold (Au) ultramicroelectrodes manufactured by silicon technology. The immobilisation of single stranded ODNs (ssODNs) was accomplished by self-assembling of thiol-modified ODNs onto an Au-electrode surface. Faradaic impedance was measured in the presence of K(3)[Fe(CN)(6)]. Double strand formation was identified by a decrease of approximately 50% in impedance in the low frequency region in the presence of K(3)[Fe(CN)(6)], compared to the spectrum of single stranded ODN. The frequency dependent diffusion of Fe(CN)(6)(3-) ions through defects in the ODN monolayer determines the impedance of Au-ssODN surface. The influence of DNA intercalator methylene blue on the impedance of both, single and double strands, was examined along with K(3)[Fe(CN)(6)] and confirmed by cyclic voltammetry. The layer densities and the hybridisation have been further corroborated by chronoamperometric redox recycling of para-aminophenol (p-AP) in ELISA like experiments. It can be concluded, that a performed impedance spectroscopy did not change the layer density. The impedance spectroscopy at ultramicroelectrodes combined with faradaic redox reactions enhances the impedimetric detection of DNA hybridisation on IDA platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Dharuman
- Department of Biotechnical Microsystems, BTMS, Fraunhofer Institute of Silicon Technology, BTMS, Fraunhoferstrasse 1, D-25524 Itzehoe, Germany
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37
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Cooreman P, Thoelen R, Manca J, vandeVen M, Vermeeren V, Michiels L, Ameloot M, Wagner P. Impedimetric immunosensors based on the conjugated polymer PPV. Biosens Bioelectron 2005; 20:2151-6. [PMID: 15741090 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2004.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2004] [Revised: 08/04/2004] [Accepted: 08/18/2004] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In the work reported here, we investigated the interaction between the semiconducting polymer MDMO-PPV and antibodies against the fluorescent dyes fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) and Cy5. The antibodies are adsorbed physically onto thin polymer films on gold electrodes, as seen in AFM images of these films. By tuning the antibody concentration, the contact angle of distilled water with the film can be made to vary between 95 degrees and 50 degrees, showing that different surface densities of antibody can be obtained. That these biosensor films specifically bind their antigenic fluorescent molecules from PBS buffer solution is demonstrated by confocal fluorescence microscopy. Specific antigen-antibody recognition is demonstrated by lack of cross-sensitivity between the two antibodies and their antigens. In a biosensor prototype based on differential impedance spectroscopy, these polymer films show a clear response to 1 ppb antigen solution, with a time constant of 2-3 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Cooreman
- Institute for Materials Research, Limburgs Universitair Centrum, Wetenschapspark 1, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium.
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38
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39
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Mir M, Katakis I. Towards a fast-responding, label-free electrochemical DNA biosensor. Anal Bioanal Chem 2005; 381:1033-5. [PMID: 15666143 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-004-2950-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2004] [Revised: 10/21/2004] [Accepted: 11/04/2004] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
DNA sensors and sensor arrays (biochips) have become an important tool in molecular biology and biotechnology in recent years. For low-throughput, easy-to-use devices it is desirable that they be of low cost, reagentless, and label-free. Displacement sensors with electrochemical detection offer these advantages, and therefore the development of such a detection principle is show in this work. An HRP-labeled oligonucleotide was sub-optimally pre-hybridized with a capture probe and was displaced upon introduction of the fully complementary probe target, producing a decrease in signal that was proportional to the sample concentration. This detection scheme has been demonstrated colorimetrically and electrochemically, obtaining a total signal displacement of 55% only 5 min after introduction of the sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mir
- Bioengineering and Bioelectrochemistry Group, Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Escola Tècnica Superior d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, Avinguda Països Catalans, 26, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
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40
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Conducting Polymers for DNA Sensors and DNA Chips: from Fabrication to Molecular Detection. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/s1871-0069(05)01008-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
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41
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Navrátilová I, Skládal P. The immunosensors for measurement of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid based on electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Bioelectrochemistry 2004; 62:11-8. [PMID: 14990321 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2003.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2003] [Revised: 07/18/2003] [Accepted: 09/23/2003] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was evaluated for the direct determination of herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). Specific antibody against 2,4-D was immobilised onto different gold electrodes. Several methods of antibody immobilisation by covalent linkage to modified surface were studied. Self-assembled monolayers formed using thiocompounds as cystamine, 4-aminothiophenol (ATPh), 3,3'-dithiopropionic acid di-(N-succinimidyl ester) (DTSP) and 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid (MUA) were chosen for the sensing surface activation. Three different sensor types were tested: screen-printed disc and finger-like structures and interdigitated array (IDA) electrodes produced by lithography. The measurements were carried out in a stationary arrangement, and the reaction between hapten and the immobilised antibody was observed online. Changes of impedance parameters were evaluated, and the best immobilisation technique (using 4-aminothiophenol) was chosen for further measurements. Impedance changes due to immunocomplex formation were evaluated, and the possibility of direct monitoring of 2,4-D binding to the antibody was demonstrated at a fixed frequency. For the strip sensor, the calibration curves were constructed in concentration range from 45 nmol l(-1) to 0.45 mmol l(-1) of 2,4-D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iva Navrátilová
- Department of Biochemistry, Masaryk University, Kotlárská 2, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic.
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42
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Xu Y, Jiang Y, Cai H, He PG, Fang YZ. Electrochemical impedance detection of DNA hybridization based on the formation of M-DNA on polypyrrole/carbon nanotube modified electrode. Anal Chim Acta 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2004.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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43
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Abstract
This review will consider the role of biosensors towards the detection of infectious bacteria, although non-infectious ones will be considered where necessary. Recently, there has been a heightened interest in developing rapid and reliable methods of detection. This is especially true for detection of organisms involved in bioterrorism, food poisoning, and clinical problems such as antibiotic resistance. Biosensors can assist in achieving these goals, and sensors using several of the different types of transduction modes are discussed: electrochemical, high frequency (surface acoustic wave), and optical. The paper concludes with a discussion of three areas that may make a great impact in the next few years: integrated (lab-on-a-chip) systems, molecular beacons, and aptamers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil K Deisingh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada.
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44
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Yang L, Li Y, Erf GF. Interdigitated Array Microelectrode-Based Electrochemical Impedance Immunosensor for Detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7. Anal Chem 2004; 76:1107-13. [PMID: 14961745 DOI: 10.1021/ac0352575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 273] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A label-free electrochemical impedance immunosensor for rapid detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7 was developed by immobilizing anti-E. coli antibodies onto an indium-tin oxide interdigitated array (IDA) microelectrode. Based on the general electronic equivalent model of an electrochemical cell and the behavior of the IDA microelectrode, an equivalent circuit, consisting of an ohmic resistor of the electrolyte between two electrodes and a double layer capacitor, an electron-transfer resistor, and a Warburg impedance around each electrode, was introduced for interpretation of the impedance components of the IDA microelectrode system. The results showed that the immobilization of antibodies and the binding of E. coli cells to the IDA microelectrode surface increased the electron-transfer resistance, which was directly measured with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy in the presence of [Fe(CN)(6)](3-/4-) as a redox probe. The electron-transfer resistance was correlated with the concentration of E. coli cells in a range from 4.36 x 10(5) to 4.36 x 10(8) cfu/mL with the detection limit of 10(6) cfu/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liju Yang
- Department of Biological & Agricultural Engineering, and Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
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45
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Wrobel N, Deininger W, Hegemann P, Mirsky VM. Covalent immobilization of oligonucleotides on electrodes. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0927-7765(03)00155-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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