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Du Y, Luo Y, Ren Z, Zheng X, Liu J. Impact of adverse childhood experiences on life expectancy with depression in the U.K. population: The mitigating role of educational attainment. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2023; 144:106383. [PMID: 37541093 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are associated with depression in later life. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to measure the impact of ACEs on life expectancy with depression (DLE) and to assess how educational attainment affected expectations. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING The study used data on 5597 participants from the English Longitudinal Study of Aging (2006-2013). METHODS Depression was assessed through the eight-item short version of the Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression. We used discrete-multistate life table models to estimate total life expectancy and life expectancy with depression. RESULTS Older adults with ACEs had longer DLE and a higher proportion of remaining life with depression compared with those without ACEs. For example, men aged 60 years with ACEs could expect to live 5.2 (95 % confidence interval (CI): 4.2, 6.2) years with depression compared with 2.8 (95 % CI: 2.3, 3.3) years for men without ACEs. Women aged 60 years who reported ACEs could expect to live 9.4 (95 % CI: 7.6, 11.1) years with depression compared with 6.0 (95 % CI: 5.1, 7.0) years for women without ACEs. With a high level of educational attainment, older adults from younger cohorts with ACEs lived fewer depression years and spent a higher proportion of their life being free of depression than adults with ACEs and had a low level of educational attainment. CONCLUSION Our results indicated that ACEs may increase years of life with depression among U.K. adults. Meanwhile, high educational attainment could mitigate the mental health burden associated with ACEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yushan Du
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health/National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Peking University, Beijing, China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanan Luo
- Department of Global Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ziyang Ren
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health/National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Peking University, Beijing, China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoying Zheng
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jufen Liu
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health/National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Peking University, Beijing, China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.
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2
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Bjørndal LD, Kendler KS, Reichborn-Kjennerud T, Ystrom E. Stressful life events increase the risk of major depressive episodes: A population-based twin study. Psychol Med 2023; 53:5194-5202. [PMID: 35920242 PMCID: PMC10476058 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291722002227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have found that stressful life events (SLEs) are associated with an increased risk of adult depression. However, many studies are observational in nature and limited by methodological issues, such as potential confounding by genetic factors. Genetically informative research, such as the co-twin control design, can strengthen causal inference in observational studies. Discrete-time survival analysis has several benefits and multilevel survival analysis can incorporate frailty terms (random effects) to estimate the components of the biometric model. In the current study, we investigated associations between SLEs and depression risk in a population-based twin sample (N = 2299). METHODS A co-twin control design was used to investigate the influence of the occurrence of SLEs on depression risk. The co-twin control design involves comparing patterns of associations in the full sample and within dizygotic (DZ) and monozygotic twins (MZ). Associations were modelled using discrete-time survival analysis with biometric frailty terms. Data from two time points were used in the analyses. Mean age at Wave 1 was 28 years and mean age at Wave 2 was 38 years. RESULTS SLE occurrence was associated with increased depression risk. Co-twin control analyses indicated that this association was at least in part due to the causal influence of SLE exposure on depression risk for event occurrence across all SLEs and for violent SLEs. A minor proportion of the total genetic risk of depression reflected genetic effects related to SLEs. CONCLUSIONS The results support previous research in implicating SLEs as important risk factors with probable causal influence on depression risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludvig D. Bjørndal
- PROMENTA Research Center, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kenneth S. Kendler
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Ted Reichborn-Kjennerud
- Department of Mental Disorders, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Eivind Ystrom
- PROMENTA Research Center, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Mental Disorders, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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3
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Bruefach T, Carr DC, Sachs-Ericsson N. History of childhood mistreatment and the psychological health consequences of COVID-19 for older adults. Aging Ment Health 2023; 27:563-571. [PMID: 35658644 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2022.2084713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We examine the associations between childhood mistreatment (emotional abuse, physical abuse, sexual abuse, and emotional neglect) and older adults' changes in depressive symptoms from before to during the COVID-19 pandemic (September 2018-June 2020). METHODS Using a community-based sample of older adults in North Florida (N = 581), we used ordinary least-squares regression to estimate associations between childhood mistreatments and depressive symptoms in June 2020, controlling for baseline symptoms and demographic characteristics. Additional models tested whether emotion regulation and social support attenuated associations between childhood mistreatments and depressive symptoms. RESULTS Older adults exposed to emotional neglect in childhood saw a greater increase in depressive symptoms than those who did not experience childhood mistreatment. Those reporting childhood physical abuse had higher baseline depressive symptoms, but they did not increase during the pandemic. These associations remained stable after controlling for emotion regulation and social support, coping resources thought to contribute to linkages between childhood mistreatment and psychological health in adulthood. CONCLUSION Childhood mistreatment might inform the psychological consequences of major stressors in later life. Thus, early life interventions for children experiencing mistreatment could be especially important for long-term psychological health outcomes and responses to major stressful events. Identifying older people with histories of childhood mistreatment could also help clinicians gauge patients' risk of psychological decline during times such as the COVID-19 pandemic and tailor psychological health interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler Bruefach
- Department of Sociology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Dawn C Carr
- Department of Sociology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA.,Pepper Institute on Aging and Public Policy, Tallahassee, FL, USA
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4
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Wang X, Li X, Zhao J, Du X, Li J, Zhao W, Li J, Liu S, Xu Y. Effect of childhood maltreatment on cognitive function and its relationship with personality development and social coping style in major depression disorder patients: A latent class model and network analysis. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:748857. [PMID: 36741107 PMCID: PMC9895412 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.748857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Study objectives The study aimed to (1) analyze the interrelationships among different types of childhood adversity, diverse personality dimensions, and individual coping style integratively among major depressive disorder (MDD) patients and healthy participants using a network approach; (2) explore the latent class of child maltreatment (CM) and its relationship with cognitive function. Methods Data were collected from the Objective Diagnostic Markers and Personalized Intervention in MDD Patients (ODMPIM) study, including 1,629 Chinese participants. Using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire to assess CM, the Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire to measure individual coping style, Eysenck Personality Questionnaire Revised-Short Form for personality characters, and a series of neurocognitive tests, including seven tests with 18 subtests for cognitive assessments. We used the "Network Module" in Jeffreys's Amazing Statistics Program (JASP) and R package for network analysis. A latent class analysis was performed with SAS9.4. Results Child maltreatment was more common in MDD patients than in healthy controls, except for emotional abuse. Network analysis showed that emotional abuse, emotional neglect, physical abuse, and physical neglect formed quadrangle connections. Personality dimensions were associated with physical neglect and emotional abuse. All types of CM (excluding sex abuse) showed an association with coping style. Emotional neglect showed the highest centrality measures. Physical neglect had a high level of closeness. To a concerning strength, emotional and physical neglect showed the highest levels. The structure of the networks is variant between groups (M = 0.28, P = 0.04). Latent class analysis (LCA) revealed that three classes provided the best fit statistics. Neglect and abuse classes tended to perform more poorly on the five cognitive domains. Conclusion This study provided insights on multi-type of CM. Neglect played an important role in different routes through the relation between CM with personality traits and social coping style. However, neglect has often been ignored in previous studies and should receive more public attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Wang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence Assisted Diagnosis and Treatment for Mental Disorder, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital/First Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Xinrong Li
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence Assisted Diagnosis and Treatment for Mental Disorder, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital/First Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Juan Zhao
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence Assisted Diagnosis and Treatment for Mental Disorder, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Xinzhe Du
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence Assisted Diagnosis and Treatment for Mental Disorder, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital/First Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Junxia Li
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence Assisted Diagnosis and Treatment for Mental Disorder, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital/First Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Wentao Zhao
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence Assisted Diagnosis and Treatment for Mental Disorder, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital/First Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Jing Li
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence Assisted Diagnosis and Treatment for Mental Disorder, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital/First Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Sha Liu
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence Assisted Diagnosis and Treatment for Mental Disorder, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital/First Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, Taiyuan Central Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
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5
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Basile KC, Smith SG, Chen J, Zwald M. Chronic Diseases, Health Conditions, and Other Impacts Associated With Rape Victimization of U.S. Women. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2021; 36:NP12504-NP12520. [PMID: 31971055 PMCID: PMC7375935 DOI: 10.1177/0886260519900335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Sexual violence (SV) is an urgent public health issue that is common and has lifelong effects on health. Previous scholarship has documented the association of SV victimization with numerous health conditions and impacts, but much of this past work has focused on negative health outcomes associated with child sexual abuse using non-nationally representative samples. This article used a nationally representative female sample to examine health conditions associated with any lifetime experience of rape. We also examined injury and health outcomes (e.g., fear, injury) resulting from any violence by a perpetrator of rape. About two in five rape victims (39.1%) reported injury (e.g., bruises, vaginal tears), and 12.3% reported a sexually transmitted disease as a result of the rape victimization. Approximately 71.3% of rape victims (an estimated 16.4 million women) experienced some form of impact as a result of violence by a rape perpetrator. Among U.S. women, the adjusted odds of experiencing asthma, irritable bowel syndrome, frequent headaches, chronic pain, difficulty sleeping, activity limitations, poor physical or mental health, and use of special equipment (e.g., wheelchair) were significantly higher for lifetime rape victims compared with non-victims. This article fills gaps in our understanding of health impacts associated with rape of women and is the only nationally representative source of this information to our knowledge. Primary prevention efforts in youth that seek to prevent the first occurrence of rape and other forms of SV may be most effective for reducing the long-term health effects of this violence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sharon G. Smith
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jieru Chen
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Marissa Zwald
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
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6
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Epstein CM, Houfek JF, Rice MJ, Weiss SJ. Integrative Review of Early Life Adversity and Cortisol Regulation in Pregnancy. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs 2021; 50:242-255. [PMID: 33524324 DOI: 10.1016/j.jogn.2020.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To synthesize published findings on the relationship between early life adversity and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis cortisol parameters in pregnant women. DATA SOURCES We searched PubMed, CINAHL, and PsycINFO databases using variants and combinations of the keywords early life adversity, pregnancy, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, and cortisol. STUDY SELECTION We selected articles that included pregnant participants, included measures of cortisol and early life adversity, were published in English in a peer-reviewed journal, and were of sufficient methodologic quality. Date of publication was unrestricted through May 2020. DATA EXTRACTION Twenty-five articles met the inclusion criteria and were evaluated for quality and risk of bias. Sources of cortisol included saliva, hair, plasma, and amniotic fluid. DATA SYNTHESIS We categorized findings according to four physiologically distinct cortisol output parameters: diurnal (daily pattern), phasic (in response to an acute stressor), tonic (baseline level), and pregnancy-related change. Preliminary evidence suggests that early adversity may be associated with elevated cortisol awakening response (diurnal) and blunted response to acute stressors (phasic), irrespective of other psychosocial symptoms or current stress. For women with high levels of current stress or psychological symptoms, early adversity was associated with higher baseline (tonic) cortisol levels. CONCLUSION Early life adversity in women is linked with alterations in cortisol regulation that are apparent during pregnancy. Researchers should examine how variations in each cortisol parameter differentially predict pregnancy health risk behaviors, maternal mental health, and neonatal health outcomes.
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7
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Elkjær HK, Lau M, Mortensen EL, Kristensen E, Poulsen S. Psychodynamic and systemic group treatment for women with a history of childhood sexual abuse: five-year follow-up of a randomized controlled trial. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2021; 12:1855887. [PMID: 33680345 PMCID: PMC7875047 DOI: 10.1080/20008198.2020.1855887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Childhood sexual abuse (CSA) is a significant trauma that may have lifelong impact. Due to the long-term negative personal and societal consequences of CSA, it is crucial to find treatments with enduring outcomes. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the relative long-term efficacy of psychodynamic and systemic group therapy for adult women exposed to CSA. Method: A prospective randomized controlled trial was conducted with outcomes assessed at pre- and post-treatment, and 1 and 5 years post-treatment. All analyses were intention-to-treat. One hundred and six women with sequelae from childhood sexual abuse were treated with psychodynamic or systemic group therapy. Primary outcome was Global Severity Index (GSI) of SCL-90-R. Secondary outcomes included symptoms of PTSD and depression and psycho-social functioning. Results: Treatment was completed by 81% of participants; 64% completed the 1-year follow-up and 60% completed the 5-year follow-up. Completion rates did not differ between treatments. Significant reduction in symptoms measured on GSI and improvement of psychosocial functioning was found for both interventions at all measurement points after treatment (ES range = 0.68-1.19). However, different trajectories were observed: while outcome at end of treatment was significantly better in the systemic group, no differences in gains were observed at the 1- and 5-year follow-ups when controlling for baseline differences. Conclusions: The findings add to the evidence base for psychodynamic and systemic group therapy, but the result also underscores the importance of taking post-treatment trajectories into account in evidence-based research, in the continued efforts to improve treatment for this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henriette K Elkjær
- Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Stolpegaard Psychotherapy Centre, Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark, Denmark
| | - Marianne Lau
- Stolpegaard Psychotherapy Centre, Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark, Denmark
| | - Erik L Mortensen
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ellids Kristensen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Sexological Research, Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stig Poulsen
- Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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8
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The Impact of Different Types of Abuse on Depression. DEPRESSION RESEARCH AND TREATMENT 2021; 2021:6654503. [PMID: 33936814 PMCID: PMC8060108 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6654503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Despite a large amount of research on depression and abuse, there is still a controversy on how abuse is measured and on childhood trauma's effect on the physiological function of adults. Here, we attempt to clarify the relationship between different types of abuse and depression while focusing on childhood abuse. This article, unlike prior research, provides an overview that addresses physical, psychological, and sexual abuse and their psychological impact on the victims. Results show that abuse is a vulnerability factor for a variety of mental and physical health problems and that psychological abuse is strongly associated with depression. More research is needed to understand (a) the role of abuse in the development and maintenance of depression and, in particular, longitudinal studies that also account for the large number of risk and protective factors that influence this relationship and (b) how different types of abuse can influence response to treatment among survivors with depression, in order to provide effective trauma-focused approaches to manage depressive symptoms.
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9
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Wan W, Sun J, Liu J, Yang S, Liu M, Xue J, Jiao D, Liu X. Using social media to explore the linguistic features in female adults with childhood sexual abuse by Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count. HUMAN BEHAVIOR AND EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/hbe2.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenyu Wan
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of SciencesCAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Jiumo Sun
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of SciencesCAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Jiehan Liu
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of SciencesCAS Key Laboratory of Cognition and Development Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Shu‐Wen Yang
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of SciencesCAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Mingming Liu
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of SciencesCAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Jia Xue
- Factor‐Inwentash Faculty of Social Work & Faculty of InformationUniversity of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Dongdong Jiao
- Engineer in Basic Technology LaboratoryNational Computer System Engineering Research Institute of China Beijing China
| | - Xiaoqian Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
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10
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Association Between Sexual Violence Experiences and Well-Being and Risk for Depression in Elite Athletes Depends on the Context of the Incidents. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL SPORT PSYCHOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1123/jcsp.2019-0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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11
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Kuuire VZ. Childhood Adversity and Psychosocial Health Outcomes in Later Life Among Immigrants in Canada. J Immigr Minor Health 2019; 22:383-391. [PMID: 30949794 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-019-00884-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Childhood adversity is known to have an enduring effect on health outcomes of victims. The objective of the study was to examine the association between childhood adversity and psychosocial health outcomes among immigrants in Canada. Using descriptive and inferential statistics and fitting negative loglog regression models to the 2014 General Social Survey, the paper examined the relationship between experience of childhood adversity (i.e. physical and sexual abuse before age 15) and its association with psychosocial health outcomes (i.e. psychological-mental condition and self-rated mental health) among immigrants in Canada. After accounting for relevant socioeconomic and demographic factors, the results show that physical abuse during childhood resulted in 29% and 31% increased likelihood of having a psychological mental condition and poor self-rated mental health, respectively. Also, sexual abuse during childhood was associated with 28% increased likelihood of poor self-rated mental health. In conclusion, the findings show that experience of physical and sexual abuse during childhood is associated with negative mental health outcomes in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Z Kuuire
- Department of Geography, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Canada. .,Social & Behavioural Health Science, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
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12
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Burton CW, Williams JR, Anderson J. Trauma-Informed Care Education in Baccalaureate Nursing Curricula in the United States: Applying the American Association of Colleges of Nursing Essentials. JOURNAL OF FORENSIC NURSING 2019; 15:214-221. [PMID: 31764525 DOI: 10.1097/jfn.0000000000000263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The practice of trauma-informed care (TIC) allows nurses in any setting to identify and intervene with traumatized individuals and to create a continuum of care when forensic nursing services are needed. The purpose of this article is to suggest ways to incorporate TIC content into baccalaureate nursing programs. We begin with an overview of baccalaureate nursing curricula and common types of traumatic experience important for students to understand. We then propose specific strategies for inclusion of TIC content in baccalaureate nursing education, using the American Association of Colleges of Nursing Essentials of Baccalaureate Education for Professional Nursing Practice. With a solid foundation in TIC, baccalaureate-prepared nursing students can provide effective patient care and better support forensic nursing practice. This will increase the capacity of the nursing profession in general to meet the needs of those affected by trauma, violence, and abuse.
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13
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Schaefer JD, Moffitt TE, Arseneault L, Danese A, Fisher HL, Houts R, Sheridan MA, Wertz J, Caspi A. Adolescent Victimization and Early-Adult Psychopathology: Approaching Causal Inference Using a Longitudinal Twin Study to Rule Out Noncausal Explanations. Clin Psychol Sci 2017; 6:352-371. [PMID: 29805917 PMCID: PMC5952301 DOI: 10.1177/2167702617741381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Adolescence is the peak age for both victimization and mental disorder onset.
Previous research has reported associations between victimization exposure and
many psychiatric conditions. However, causality remains controversial. Within
the Environmental Risk Longitudinal Twin Study, we tested whether seven types of
adolescent victimization increased risk of multiple psychiatric conditions and
approached causal inference by systematically ruling out noncausal explanations.
Longitudinal within-individual analyses showed that victimization was followed
by increased mental health problems over a childhood baseline of
emotional/behavioral problems. Discordant-twin analyses showed that
victimization increased risk of mental health problems independent of family
background and genetic risk. Both childhood and adolescent victimization made
unique contributions to risk. Victimization predicted heightened generalized
liability (the “p factor”) to multiple psychiatric spectra, including
internalizing, externalizing, and thought disorders. Results recommend violence
reduction and identification and treatment of adolescent victims to reduce
psychiatric burden.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Terrie E Moffitt
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University.,Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University.,Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, & Neuroscience, King's College London
| | - Louise Arseneault
- Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, & Neuroscience, King's College London
| | - Andrea Danese
- Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, & Neuroscience, King's College London.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London.,National and Specialist Child Traumatic Stress and Anxiety Clinic, South London and Maudsley National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Helen L Fisher
- Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, & Neuroscience, King's College London
| | - Renate Houts
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University
| | - Margaret A Sheridan
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
| | - Jasmin Wertz
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University
| | - Avshalom Caspi
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University.,Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University.,Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, & Neuroscience, King's College London
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14
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Vares EA, Salum GA, Spanemberg L, Caldieraro MA, Souza LHD, Borges RDP, Fleck MP. Childhood trauma and dimensions of depression: a specific association with the cognitive domain. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 38:127-34. [PMID: 26603131 PMCID: PMC7111363 DOI: 10.1590/1516-4446-2015-1764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate associations between a history of childhood trauma and dimensions of depression in a sample of clinically depressed patients. Methods: A sample of 217 patients from a mood-disorder outpatient unit was investigated with the Beck Depression Inventory, the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, the CORE Assessment of Psychomotor Change, and the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. A previous latent model identifying six depressive dimensions was used for analysis. Path analysis and Multiple Indicators Multiple Causes (MIMIC) models were used to investigate associations between general childhood trauma and childhood maltreatment modalities (emotional, sexual, and physical abuse; emotional and physical neglect) with dimensions of depression (sexual, cognition, insomnia, appetite, non-interactiveness/retardation, and agitation). Results: The overall childhood trauma index was uniquely associated with cognitive aspects of depression, but not with any other depressive dimension. An investigation of childhood maltreatment modalities revealed that emotional abuse was consistently associated with depression severity in the cognitive dimension. Conclusion: Childhood trauma, and specifically emotional abuse, could be significant risk factors for the subsequent development of cognitive symptoms of major depression. These influences might be specific to this depressive dimension and not found in any other dimension, which might have conceptual and therapeutic implications for clinicians and researchers alike.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar A Vares
- Departamento de Psiquiatria, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre RS , Brazil, Departamento de Psiquiatria, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Giovanni A Salum
- Departamento de Psiquiatria, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre RS , Brazil, Departamento de Psiquiatria, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Lucas Spanemberg
- Departamento de Psiquiatria, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre RS , Brazil, Departamento de Psiquiatria, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Departamento de Psiquiatria, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre RS , Brazil, Departamento de Psiquiatria, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Marco A Caldieraro
- Departamento de Psiquiatria, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre RS , Brazil, Departamento de Psiquiatria, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Lívia H de Souza
- Departamento de Psiquiatria, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre RS , Brazil, Departamento de Psiquiatria, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Roberta de P Borges
- Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre RS , Brazil, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Marcelo P Fleck
- Departamento de Psiquiatria, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre RS , Brazil, Departamento de Psiquiatria, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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15
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Sheikh MA, Abelsen B, Olsen JA. Differential Recall Bias, Intermediate Confounding, and Mediation Analysis in Life Course Epidemiology: An Analytic Framework with Empirical Example. Front Psychol 2016; 7:1828. [PMID: 27933010 PMCID: PMC5120115 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms by which childhood socioeconomic status (CSES) affects adult mental health, general health, and well-being are not clear. Moreover, the analytical assumptions employed when assessing mediation in social and psychiatric epidemiology are rarely explained. The aim of this paper was to explain the intermediate confounding assumption, and to quantify differential recall bias in the association between CSES, childhood abuse, and mental health (SCL-10), general health (EQ-5D), and subjective well-being (SWLS). Furthermore, we assessed the mediating role of psychological and physical abuse in the association between CSES and mental health, general health, and well-being; and the influence of differential recall bias in the estimation of total effects, direct effects, and proportion of mediated effects. The assumptions employed when assessing mediation are explained with reference to a causal diagram. Poisson regression models (relative risk, RR and 99% CIs) were used to assess the association between CSES and psychological and physical abuse in childhood. Mediation analysis (difference method) was used to assess the indirect effect of CSES (through psychological and physical abuse in childhood) on mental health, general health, and well-being. Exposure (CSES) was measured at two time points. Mediation was assessed with both cross-sectional and longitudinal data. Psychological abuse and physical abuse mediated the association between CSES and adult mental health, general health, and well-being (6–16% among men and 7–14% among women, p < 0.001). The results suggest that up to 27% of the association between CSES and childhood abuse, 23% of the association between childhood abuse, and adult mental health, general health, and well-being, and 44% of the association between CSES and adult mental health, general health, and well-being is driven by differential recall bias. Assessing mediation with cross-sectional data (exposure, mediator, and outcome measured at the same time) showed that the total effects and direct effects were vastly overestimated (biased upwards). Consequently, the proportion of mediated effects were underestimated (biased downwards). If there is a true (unobserved) direct or indirect effect, and the direction of the differential recall bias is predictable, then the results of cross-sectional analyses should be discussed in light of that.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mashhood A Sheikh
- Health Services Research Unit, Department of Community Medicine, University of Tromsø Tromsø, Norway
| | - Birgit Abelsen
- Health Services Research Unit, Department of Community Medicine, University of Tromsø Tromsø, Norway
| | - Jan Abel Olsen
- Health Services Research Unit, Department of Community Medicine, University of Tromsø Tromsø, Norway
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16
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Assessing the Relationship Between Parental Influences and Wellbeing Among Low Income African American Adolescents in Chicago. CHILD & YOUTH CARE FORUM 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10566-016-9373-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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17
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Lund JI, Day KL, Schmidt LA, Saigal S, Van Lieshout RJ. Adult mental health outcomes of child sexual abuse survivors born at extremely low birth weight. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2016; 59:36-44. [PMID: 27500386 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2016.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2015] [Revised: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The high prevalence of child sexual abuse (CSA) is concerning, particularly as survivors are at increased risk for multiple adverse outcomes, including poor mental health across the lifespan. Children born at an extremely low birth weight (ELBW; <1000g) and who experience CSA may be a group that is especially vulnerable to psychopathology later in life. However, no research has considered the mental health risks associated with being born at ELBW and experiencing CSA. In this study, we investigated the mental health of 179 ELBW survivors and 145 matched normal birth weight (NBW; >2500g) participants at ages 22-26 and 29-36. At age 22-26, CSA was associated with increased odds of clinically significant internalizing (OR=7.32, 95% CI: 2.31-23.23) and externalizing (OR=4.65, 95% CI: 1.11-19.51) problems among ELBW participants exposed to CSA compared to those who did not, though confidence intervals were wide. At age 29-36, CSA was linked to increased odds of any current (OR=3.43, 95% CI: 1.08-10.87) and lifetime (OR=7.09, 95% CI: 2.00-25.03) non-substance use psychiatric disorders, however, this did not hold after adjustment for covariates. Statistically significant differences in mental health outcomes were not observed in NBW participants exposed to CSA compared to NBW participants who were not exposed. Survivors of significant perinatal adversity who are also exposed to CSA may be at higher risk for psychopathology through the fourth decade of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessie I Lund
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Canada
| | - Kimberly L Day
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Canada
| | - Louis A Schmidt
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behaviour, McMaster University, Canada
| | - Saroj Saigal
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Canada
| | - Ryan J Van Lieshout
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Canada.
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18
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Pirdehghan A, Vakili M, Rajabzadeh Y, Puyandehpour M, Aghakoochak A. Child Abuse and Mental Disorders in Iranian Adolescents. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS 2016; 26:e3839. [PMID: 27437096 PMCID: PMC4939230 DOI: 10.5812/ijp.3839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Background Child abuse is a serious social health problem all over the world with important adverse effects. Objectives The aim of this study was to extend our understanding of the relation between mental disorders and child abuse. Materials and Methods The study was designed as a cross-sectional survey on 700 students in secondary schools using multiple cluster sampling in Yazd, Iran in 2013. We applied 2 self reported questionnaires: DASS (depression anxiety stress scales)-42 for assessing mental disorders (anxiety, stress and depression) and a standard self-reported valid and reliable questionnaire for recording child abuse information in neglect, psychological, physical and sexual domains. The collected data was analyzed using SPSS software. P-values < 0.05 were considered as significant. Results There was a statically significant correlation between mental disorder and child abuse score (Spearman rho: 0.2; P-value < 0.001). The highest correlations between mental disorders and child abuse were found in psychological domain, Spearman’s rho coefficients were 0.46, 0.41 and 0.36 for depression, anxiety and stress respectively (P-value < 0.001). Based on the results of logistic regression for mental disorder, females, last born adolescents and subjects with drug or alcohol abuser parents had mental disorder odds of 3, 0.4 and 1.9 times compared to others; and severe psychological abuse, being severely neglected and having sexual abuse had odds 90, 1.6 and 1.5 respectively in another model. Conclusions Programming for mandatory reporting of child abuse by physicians and all health care givers e.g. those attending schools or health centers, in order to prevent or reduce its detrimental effects is useful and success in preventing child abuse could lead to reductions in the prevalence of mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azar Pirdehghan
- Department of Community and Preventive Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, IR Iran
- Corresponding author: Azar Pirdehghan, Department of Community and Preventive Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, IR Iran. E-mail:
| | - Mahmood Vakili
- Department of Community and Preventive Medicine, Yazd, IR Iran
| | | | | | - Arezoo Aghakoochak
- Health Monitoring Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, IR Iran
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19
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O'Brien JE, White K, Wu Q, Killian-Farrell C. Mental Health and Behavioral Outcomes of Sexual and Nonsexual Child Maltreatment Among Child Welfare-Involved Youth. JOURNAL OF CHILD SEXUAL ABUSE 2016; 25:483-503. [PMID: 27294412 DOI: 10.1080/10538712.2016.1167801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Our research team used the nationally representative National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-Being II to explore the differences in mental health and behavioral outcomes between children who enter the child welfare system with substantiated sexual abuse and those who enter with exclusively nonsexual maltreatment. The sample included 380 children between the ages of 8 to 17.5 who were substantiated for maltreatment (sexual and nonsexual) and had the same caregivers at both wave 1 and 2 (n = 380). Results show that the average age of children in the sample was 11 years old, and the results corroborate literature that has indicated children and youth with histories of childhood sexual abuse experience significantly more post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms than children with histories of nonsexual maltreatment. This finding held after controlling for baseline trauma symptoms and all covariates, including race, age, placement type, and caregiver characteristics. Childhood sexual abuse was not significantly related to an increase in behavioral symptoms after controlling for covariates. Implications for research and practice are offered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer E O'Brien
- a School of Social Work , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina , USA
| | - Kevin White
- b School of Social Work , Eastern Carolina University , Greenville , North Carolina , USA
| | - Qi Wu
- c School of Social Work , University of Mississippi , Oxford , Mississippi , USA
| | - Candace Killian-Farrell
- a School of Social Work , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina , USA
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20
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Ramirez JC, Milan S. Childhood Sexual Abuse Moderates the Relationship Between Obesity and Mental Health in Low-Income Women. CHILD MALTREATMENT 2016; 21:85-89. [PMID: 26541476 PMCID: PMC5812277 DOI: 10.1177/1077559515611246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We examined whether a history of self-reported childhood sexual abuse (CSA) moderates the relationship between obesity and mental health symptoms (depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress disorder) in an ethnically diverse sample of low-income women. A community sample of 186 women completed self-report measures and had their weight and height measured. Body mass index and CSA had an interactive effect on all mental health measures, such that obese women with a CSA history reported substantially higher levels of all symptoms. These results give greater specificity to the obesity-mental health link reported in previous studies and provide possible directions for targeted intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stephanie Milan
- Department of Psychology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
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21
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Ajnakina O, Trotta A, Oakley-Hannibal E, Di Forti M, Stilo SA, Kolliakou A, Gardner-Sood P, Gaughran F, David AS, Dazzan P, Pariante C, Mondelli V, Morgan C, Vassos E, Murray RM, Fisher HL. Impact of childhood adversities on specific symptom dimensions in first-episode psychosis. Psychol Med 2016; 46:317-326. [PMID: 26383785 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291715001816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between childhood adversity (CA) and psychotic disorder is well documented. As the adequacy of the current categorical diagnosis of psychosis is being increasingly questioned, we explored independent associations between different types of CA and specific psychotic symptom dimensions in a well-characterized sample of first-episode psychosis (FEP) patients. METHOD This study involved 236 FEP cases aged 18-65 years who presented for the first time to psychiatric services in South London, UK. Psychopathology was assessed with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale and confirmatory factor analysis was used to evaluate the statistical fit of the Wallwork/Fortgang five-factor model of psychosis. CA prior to 17 years of age (physical abuse, sexual abuse, parental separation, parental death, and being taken into care) was retrospectively assessed using the Childhood Experience of Care and Abuse Questionnaire. RESULTS Childhood sexual abuse [β = 0.96, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.40-1.52], childhood physical abuse (β = 0.48, 95% CI 0.03-0.93) and parental separation (β = 0.60, 95% CI 0.10-1.11) showed significant associations with the positive dimension; while being taken into care was associated with the excited dimension (β = 0.36, 95% CI 0.08-0.65), independent of the other types of CA. No significant associations were found between parental death and any of the symptom dimensions. CONCLUSIONS A degree of specificity was found in the relationships between different types of CA and psychosis symptom dimensions in adulthood, suggesting that distinct pathways may be involved in the CA-psychosis association. These potentially different routes to developing psychosis merit further empirical and theoretical exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Ajnakina
- Department of Psychosis Studies,Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London,London,UK
| | - A Trotta
- Department of Psychosis Studies,Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London,London,UK
| | - E Oakley-Hannibal
- Department of Psychosis Studies,Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London,London,UK
| | - M Di Forti
- MRC Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre,Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London,London,UK
| | - S A Stilo
- Department of Psychosis Studies,Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London,London,UK
| | - A Kolliakou
- Department of Psychological Medicine,Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience,King's College London,London,UK
| | - P Gardner-Sood
- Department of Psychosis Studies,Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London,London,UK
| | - F Gaughran
- Department of Psychosis Studies,Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London,London,UK
| | - A S David
- Department of Psychosis Studies,Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London,London,UK
| | - P Dazzan
- Department of Psychosis Studies,Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London,London,UK
| | - C Pariante
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Mental Health Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London,London,UK
| | - V Mondelli
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Mental Health Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London,London,UK
| | - C Morgan
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Mental Health Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London,London,UK
| | - E Vassos
- MRC Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre,Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London,London,UK
| | - R M Murray
- Department of Psychosis Studies,Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London,London,UK
| | - H L Fisher
- MRC Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre,Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London,London,UK
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22
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Recent studies on mental health consequences of violence against women and girls were reviewed in a range of situations. RECENT FINDINGS Although several studies continued to show cross-sectional associations between child sexual abuse (CSA) and mental health outcomes, a few prospective studies showed a robust association between CSA and depression. Studies on the impact of dating violence are still at a nascent stage and focus on antecedents of violence rather than its consequences. Women at higher risk, such as adolescents, migrants, the homeless, and women in the perinatal period have been studied and specific vulnerabilities identified. Women reporting bidirectional violence had higher rates of depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Cumulative violence, severity of violence, and recent violence are associated with higher morbidity. Studies among women in conflict zones have emphasized the role of different forms of sexual and physical violence on mental health. SUMMARY Newer emerging areas that need more research include mental health consequences of women in conflict zones and among same sex relationships. There are also few studies on the violence experience of both older women and adolescents. The need to better delineate the psychopathology of complex manifestations of PTSD is underscored.
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23
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Baiden P, Fallon B, den Dunnen W, Boateng GO. The enduring effects of early-childhood adversities and troubled sleep among Canadian adults: a population-based study. Sleep Med 2015; 16:760-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2015.02.527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Revised: 02/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Predicting Depressive Symptoms and Weight from Adolescence to Adulthood: Stressors and the Role of Protective Factors. J Youth Adolesc 2015; 44:2122-40. [DOI: 10.1007/s10964-015-0301-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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25
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Cai N, Chang S, Li Y, Li Q, Hu J, Liang J, Song L, Kretzschmar W, Gan X, Nicod J, Rivera M, Deng H, Du B, Li K, Sang W, Gao J, Gao S, Ha B, Ho HY, Hu C, Hu J, Hu Z, Huang G, Jiang G, Jiang T, Jin W, Li G, Li K, Li Y, Li Y, Li Y, Lin YT, Liu L, Liu T, Liu Y, Liu Y, Lu Y, Lv L, Meng H, Qian P, Sang H, Shen J, Shi J, Sun J, Tao M, Wang G, Wang G, Wang J, Wang L, Wang X, Wang X, Yang H, Yang L, Yin Y, Zhang J, Zhang K, Sun N, Zhang W, Zhang X, Zhang Z, Zhong H, Breen G, Wang J, Marchini J, Chen Y, Xu Q, Xu X, Mott R, Huang GJ, Kendler K, Flint J. Molecular signatures of major depression. Curr Biol 2015; 25:1146-56. [PMID: 25913401 PMCID: PMC4425463 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2015.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Revised: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Adversity, particularly in early life, can cause illness. Clues to the responsible mechanisms may lie with the discovery of molecular signatures of stress, some of which include alterations to an individual’s somatic genome. Here, using genome sequences from 11,670 women, we observed a highly significant association between a stress-related disease, major depression, and the amount of mtDNA (p = 9.00 × 10−42, odds ratio 1.33 [95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.29–1.37]) and telomere length (p = 2.84 × 10−14, odds ratio 0.85 [95% CI = 0.81–0.89]). While both telomere length and mtDNA amount were associated with adverse life events, conditional regression analyses showed the molecular changes were contingent on the depressed state. We tested this hypothesis with experiments in mice, demonstrating that stress causes both molecular changes, which are partly reversible and can be elicited by the administration of corticosterone. Together, these results demonstrate that changes in the amount of mtDNA and telomere length are consequences of stress and entering a depressed state. These findings identify increased amounts of mtDNA as a molecular marker of MD and have important implications for understanding how stress causes the disease. Amount of mtDNA is increased, and telomeric DNA is shortened in major depression Both changes can be induced with stress but are contingent on the depressed state Changes are tissue specific and in part due to glucocorticoid secretion Changes are in part reversible and represent switches in metabolic strategy
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Cai
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, Oxfordshire OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Simon Chang
- Department and Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan 33302, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yihan Li
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, Oxfordshire OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Qibin Li
- BGI-Shenzhen, Floor 9 Complex Building, Beishan Industrial Zone, Yantian District, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518083, China
| | - Jingchu Hu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Floor 9 Complex Building, Beishan Industrial Zone, Yantian District, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518083, China
| | - Jieqin Liang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Floor 9 Complex Building, Beishan Industrial Zone, Yantian District, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518083, China
| | - Li Song
- BGI-Shenzhen, Floor 9 Complex Building, Beishan Industrial Zone, Yantian District, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518083, China
| | - Warren Kretzschmar
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, Oxfordshire OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Xiangchao Gan
- Department of Comparative Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linne-Weg 10, Cologne 50829, Germany
| | - Jerome Nicod
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, Oxfordshire OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Margarita Rivera
- Centro de Investigacion Medica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM-University of Granada, Granada, Spain; MRC SGDP Centre, Institute of Psychiatry at King's College, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK; National Institute for Health Research, Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, Institute of Psychiatry at King's College, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Hong Deng
- Mental Health Center of West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 28 South Dianxin Street, Wuhou District, Chengdu, Sichuan 610000, China
| | - Bo Du
- Hebei Mental Health Center, No. 572 Dongfeng Road, Baoding, Hebei 71000, China
| | - Keqing Li
- Hebei Mental Health Center, No. 572 Dongfeng Road, Baoding, Hebei 71000, China
| | - Wenhu Sang
- Hebei Mental Health Center, No. 572 Dongfeng Road, Baoding, Hebei 71000, China
| | - Jingfang Gao
- Zhejiang Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital, No. 54 Youdian Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, China
| | - Shugui Gao
- Ningbo Kang Ning Hospital, No. 1 Zhuangyu Road, Zhenhai District, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315000, China
| | - Baowei Ha
- Liaocheng No. 4 Hospital, No. 47 North Huayuan Road, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, China
| | - Hung-Yao Ho
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan 33302, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chunmei Hu
- No. 3 Hospital of Heilongjiang Province, No. 135 Jiaotong Road, Beian, Heilongjiang 164000, China
| | - Jian Hu
- Harbin Medical University, No. 23 Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Haerbin, Heilongjiang 150000, China
| | - Zhenfei Hu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Floor 9 Complex Building, Beishan Industrial Zone, Yantian District, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518083, China
| | - Guoping Huang
- Sichuan Mental Health Center, No. 190, East Jiannan Road, Mianyang, Sichuan 621000, China
| | - Guoqing Jiang
- Chongqing Mental Health Center, No. 102 Jinzishan, Jiangbei District, Chongqing, Chongqing 404100, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Floor 9 Complex Building, Beishan Industrial Zone, Yantian District, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518083, China
| | - Wei Jin
- BGI-Shenzhen, Floor 9 Complex Building, Beishan Industrial Zone, Yantian District, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518083, China
| | - Gongying Li
- Mental Health Institute of Jining Medical College, Dai Zhuang, Bei Jiao, Jining, Shandong 272000, China
| | - Kan Li
- Mental Hospital of Jiangxi Province, No. 43 Shangfang Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330000, China
| | - Yi Li
- Wuhan Mental Health Center, No. 70, Youyi Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430000, China
| | - Yingrui Li
- BGI-Shenzhen, Floor 9 Complex Building, Beishan Industrial Zone, Yantian District, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518083, China
| | - Youhui Li
- No. 1 Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 East Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, China
| | - Yu-Ting Lin
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan 33302, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Lanfen Liu
- Shandong Mental Health Center, No. 49 East Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China
| | - Tiebang Liu
- Shenzhen Key Lab for Psychological Healthcare, Kangning Hospital, No. 1080, Cuizhu Street, Luohu District, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, China
| | - Ying Liu
- The First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 North Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Floor 9 Complex Building, Beishan Industrial Zone, Yantian District, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518083, China
| | - Yao Lu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Floor 9 Complex Building, Beishan Industrial Zone, Yantian District, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518083, China
| | - Luxian Lv
- Psychiatric Hospital of Henan Province, No. 388 Middle Jianshe Road, Xinxiang, Henan 453000, China
| | - Huaqing Meng
- No. 1 Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Road, Yuanjiagang, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Puyi Qian
- BGI-Shenzhen, Floor 9 Complex Building, Beishan Industrial Zone, Yantian District, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518083, China
| | - Hong Sang
- Changchun Mental Hospital, No. 4596 Beihuan Road, Changchun, Jilin 130000, China
| | - Jianhua Shen
- Tianjin Anding Hospital, No. 13 Liulin Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, Tianjin 300000, China
| | - Jianguo Shi
- Xian Mental Health Center, No. 15 Yanyin Road, New Qujiang District, Xian, Shaanxi 710000, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 264 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, China
| | - Ming Tao
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No. 318 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Beijing Anding Hospital of Capital University of Medical Sciences, No. 5 Ankang Hutong, Deshengmen wai, Xicheng District, Beijing, Beijing 100000, China
| | - Guangbiao Wang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Floor 9 Complex Building, Beishan Industrial Zone, Yantian District, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518083, China
| | - Jian Wang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Floor 9 Complex Building, Beishan Industrial Zone, Yantian District, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518083, China
| | - Linmao Wang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Floor 9 Complex Building, Beishan Industrial Zone, Yantian District, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518083, China
| | - Xueyi Wang
- First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 89 Donggang Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 50000, China
| | - Xumei Wang
- ShengJing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, China
| | - Huanming Yang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Floor 9 Complex Building, Beishan Industrial Zone, Yantian District, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518083, China
| | - Lijun Yang
- Jilin Brain Hospital, No. 98 West Zhongyang Road, Siping, Jilin 136000, China
| | - Ye Yin
- BGI-Shenzhen, Floor 9 Complex Building, Beishan Industrial Zone, Yantian District, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518083, China
| | - Jinbei Zhang
- No. 3 Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, China
| | - Kerang Zhang
- No. 1 Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, No. 85 South Jiefang Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi 30000, China
| | - Ning Sun
- No. 1 Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, No. 85 South Jiefang Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi 30000, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Daqing No. 3 Hospital of Heilongjiang Province, No. 54 Xitai Road, Ranghulu District, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163000, China
| | - Xiuqing Zhang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Floor 9 Complex Building, Beishan Industrial Zone, Yantian District, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518083, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- No. 4 Hospital of Jiangsu University, No. 246 Nanmen Street, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212000, China
| | - Hui Zhong
- Anhui Mental Health Center, No. 316 Huangshan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230000, China
| | - Gerome Breen
- MRC SGDP Centre, Institute of Psychiatry at King's College, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK; National Institute for Health Research, Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, Institute of Psychiatry at King's College, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Jun Wang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Floor 9 Complex Building, Beishan Industrial Zone, Yantian District, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518083, China; Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaloes Vej 5, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark; Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macau 999078, China; Princess Al Jawhara Center of Excellence in the Research of Hereditary Disorders, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jonathan Marchini
- Department of Statistics, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire OX1 3TG, UK; Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, Oxfordshire OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Yiping Chen
- CTSU, University of Oxford, Richard Doll Building, Old Road Campus, Oxford, Oxfordshire OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Qi Xu
- National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 10005, China
| | - Xun Xu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Floor 9 Complex Building, Beishan Industrial Zone, Yantian District, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518083, China
| | - Richard Mott
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, Oxfordshire OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Guo-Jen Huang
- Department and Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan 33302, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Kenneth Kendler
- Dept Psychiatry MCV, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Jonathan Flint
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, Oxfordshire OX3 7BN, UK; East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, China.
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Low plasma eicosapentaenoic acid levels are associated with elevated trait aggression and impulsivity in major depressive disorder with a history of comorbid substance use disorder. J Psychiatr Res 2014; 57:133-40. [PMID: 25017608 PMCID: PMC4204478 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2014.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Revised: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is associated with low levels of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), holding promise for new perspectives on disease etiology and treatment targets. As aggressive and impulsive behaviors are associated with low omega-3 PUFA levels in some clinical contexts, we investigated plasma PUFA relationships with trait aggression and impulsivity in patients with MDD. Medication-free MDD patients (n = 48) and healthy volunteers (HV, n = 35) were assessed with the Brown-Goodwin Aggression Inventory. A subset (MDD, n = 39; HV, n = 33) completed the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale. Plasma PUFAs eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n-3), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3), and arachidonic acid (AA, 20:4n-6) were quantified and ln-transformed to mitigate distributional skew. Ln-transformed PUFA (lnPUFA) levels were predictors in regression models, with aggression or impulsivity scores as outcomes, and cofactors of sex and diagnostic status (MDD with or without a history of substance use disorder [SUD], or HV). Interactions were tested between relevant PUFAs and diagnostic status. Additional analyses explored possible confounds of depression severity, self-reported childhood abuse history, and, in MDD patients, suicide attempt history. Among PUFA, lnEPA but not lnDHA predicted aggression (F1,76 = 12.493, p = 0.001), and impulsivity (F1,65 = 5.598, p = 0.021), with interactions between lnEPA and history of SUD for both aggression (F1,76 = 7.941, p = 0.001) and impulsivity (F1,65 = 3.485, p = 0.037). Results remained significant when adjusted for childhood abuse, depression severity, or history of suicide attempt. In conclusion, low EPA levels were associated with aggression and impulsivity only in patients with MDD and comorbid SUD, even though in most cases SUD was in full sustained remission.
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Chen J, Cai Y, Cong E, Liu Y, Gao J, Li Y, Tao M, Zhang K, Wang X, Gao C, Yang L, Li K, Shi J, Wang G, Liu L, Zhang J, Du B, Jiang G, Shen J, Zhang Z, Liang W, Sun J, Hu J, Liu T, Wang X, Miao G, Meng H, Li Y, Hu C, Li Y, Huang G, Li G, Ha B, Deng H, Mei Q, Zhong H, Gao S, Sang H, Zhang Y, Fang X, Yu F, Yang D, Liu T, Chen Y, Hong X, Wu W, Chen G, Cai M, Song Y, Pan J, Dong J, Pan R, Zhang W, Shen Z, Liu Z, Gu D, Wang X, Liu X, Zhang Q, Li Y, Chen Y, Kendler KS, Shi S, Flint J. Childhood sexual abuse and the development of recurrent major depression in Chinese women. PLoS One 2014; 9:e87569. [PMID: 24489940 PMCID: PMC3906190 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 12/23/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our prior study in Han Chinese women has shown that women with a history of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) are at increased risk for developing major depression (MD). Would this relationship be found in our whole data set? METHOD Three levels of CSA (non-genital, genital, and intercourse) were assessed by self-report in two groups of Han Chinese women: 6017 clinically ascertained with recurrent MD and 5983 matched controls. Diagnostic and other risk factor information was assessed at personal interview. Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated by logistic regression. RESULTS We confirmed earlier results by replicating prior analyses in 3,950 new recurrent MD cases. There were no significant differences between the two data sets. Any form of CSA was significantly associated with recurrent MD (OR 4.06, 95% confidence interval (CI) [3.19-5.24]). This association strengthened with increasing CSA severity: non-genital (OR 2.21, 95% CI 1.58-3.15), genital (OR 5.24, 95% CI 3.52-8.15) and intercourse (OR 10.65, 95% CI 5.56-23.71). Among the depressed women, those with CSA had an earlier age of onset, longer depressive episodes. Recurrent MD patients those with CSA had an increased risk for dysthymia (OR 1.60, 95%CI 1.11-2.27) and phobia (OR 1.41, 95%CI 1.09-1.80). Any form of CSA was significantly associated with suicidal ideation or attempt (OR 1.50, 95% CI 1.20-1.89) and feelings of worthlessness or guilt (OR 1.41, 95% CI 1.02-2.02). Intercourse (OR 3.47, 95%CI 1.66-8.22), use of force and threats (OR 1.95, 95%CI 1.05-3.82) and how strongly the victims were affected at the time (OR 1.39, 95%CI 1.20-1.64) were significantly associated with recurrent MD. CONCLUSIONS In Chinese women CSA is strongly associated with recurrent MD and this association increases with greater severity of CSA. Depressed women with CSA have some specific clinical traits. Some features of CSA were associated with greater likelihood of developing recurrent MD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiyun Cai
- Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Enzhao Cong
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Liu
- The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingfang Gao
- Chinese Traditional Hospital of Zhejiang, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Youhui Li
- No.1 Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Tao
- Xinhua Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Kerang Zhang
- No.1 Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xumei Wang
- ShengJing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengge Gao
- No. 1 Hospital of Medical College of Xian Jiaotong University, Xian, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijun Yang
- Jilin Brain Hospital, Siping, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Kan Li
- Mental Hospital of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianguo Shi
- Xian Mental Health Center, Xian, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Wang
- Beijing Anding Hospital of Capital University of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lanfen Liu
- Shandong Mental Health Center, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinbei Zhang
- No. 3 Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Du
- Hebei Mental Health Center, Baoding, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoqing Jiang
- Chongqing Mental Health Center, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianhua Shen
- Tianjin Anding Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- No.4 Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Liang
- Psychiatric Hospital of Henan Province, Xinxiang, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Sun
- Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Hu
- Harbin Medical University, Haerbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Tiebang Liu
- Shenzhen Kang Ning Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueyi Wang
- First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Guodong Miao
- Guangzhou Brain Hospital (Guangzhou Psychiatric Hospital), Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Huaqing Meng
- No.1 Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Li
- Dalian No.7 Hospital, Dalian, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunmei Hu
- No.3 Hospital of Heilongjiang Province, Beian, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Li
- Wuhan Mental Health Center, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoping Huang
- Sichuan Mental Health Center, Mianyang, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Gongying Li
- Mental Health Institute of Jining Medical College, Jining, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Baowei Ha
- Liaocheng No.4 Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Deng
- Mental Health Center of West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiyi Mei
- Suzhou Guangji Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Zhong
- Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Shugui Gao
- Ningbo Kang Ning Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Sang
- Changchun Mental Hospital, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yutang Zhang
- No.2 Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Fang
- Fuzhou Psychiatric Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengyu Yu
- Harbin No.1 Special Hospital, Haerbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Donglin Yang
- Jining Psychiatric Hospital, Jining, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Tieqiao Liu
- No.2 Xiangya Hospital of Zhongnan University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunchun Chen
- Xijing Hospital of No.4 Military Medical University, Xian, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohong Hong
- Mental Health Center of Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenyuan Wu
- Tongji University Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Guibing Chen
- Huaian No.3 Hospital, Huaian, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Cai
- Huzhou No.3 Hospital, Huzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Song
- Mudanjiang Psychiatric Hospital of Heilongjiang Province, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiyang Pan
- No.1 Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jicheng Dong
- Qingdao Mental Health Center, Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Runde Pan
- Guangxi Longquanshan Hospital, Liuzhou, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Daqing No.3 Hospital of Heilongjiang Province, Daqing, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenming Shen
- Tangshan No.5 Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengrong Liu
- Anshan Psychiatric Rehabilitation Hospital, Anshan, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Danhua Gu
- Weihai Mental Health Center, Weihai, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoping Wang
- Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojuan Liu
- Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiwen Zhang
- Hainan Anning Hospital, Haikou, Hainan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yihan Li
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Yiping Chen
- Clinical Trial Service Unit, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Kenneth S. Kendler
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Shenxun Shi
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jonathan Flint
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, United Kingdom
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