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Chen X, Wang Y, Zhou Y, Wang F, Wang J, Yao X, Imran M, Luo S. Imidacloprid reduces the mating success of males in bumblebees. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 928:172525. [PMID: 38631635 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Bumblebees play a vital role in both natural and agricultural environments, but there has been a noticeable decline in their populations. Pesticides, particularly neonicotinoids, are widely regarded as a substantial contributing factor to the decline in bumblebee populations, as evidenced by the detrimental impacts documented across many stages of their life cycle. Mating is vital for the population maintenance of bumblebees. Nevertheless, there is a scarcity of research conducted on the effects of pesticides on the mating process. In this study, we individually examined the impact of imidacloprid on the mating behavior of bumblebee males and queens. A competitive mating experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect on the competitive prowess of male individuals and the mate selection behavior of female individuals. The study revealed that the mating rate of bumblebees exposed to a concentration of 10 ppb of imidacloprid was 3 %. This finding demonstrated a statistically significant impact when compared to the control group, which exhibited a mating rate of 58 % in the normal mating experiment. Furthermore, in the competitive mating experiment, we found that the competitive mating success rate of treated males (1 %) was significantly lower than that of untreated males (35 %). Hence, it provides evidence that neonicotinoid imidacloprid negatively affects bumblebee mating success and cautions us to protect bumblebees from pesticide exposure to prevent a severe impact on their populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; Western Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji 831100, China
| | - Yuhao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; Western Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji 831100, China
| | - Yao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; Western Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji 831100, China
| | - Feiran Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Reclamation Sciences, Shihezi 832061, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Reclamation Sciences, Shihezi 832061, China
| | - Xudong Yao
- Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Reclamation Sciences, Shihezi 832061, China
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Department of Entomology, University of Poonch Rawalakot, AJK 12350, Pakistan
| | - Shudong Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; Western Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji 831100, China; Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Reclamation Sciences, Shihezi 832061, China.
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2
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Encerrado-Manriquez AM, Pouv AK, Fine JD, Nicklisch SCT. Enhancing knowledge of chemical exposures and fate in honey bee hives: Insights from colony structure and interactions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 916:170193. [PMID: 38278225 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Honey bees are unintentionally exposed to a wide range of chemicals through various routes in their natural environment, yet research on the cumulative effects of multi-chemical and sublethal exposures on important caste members, including the queen bee and brood, is still in its infancy. The hive's social structure and food-sharing (trophallaxis) practices are important aspects to consider when identifying primary and secondary exposure pathways for residential hive members and possible chemical reservoirs within the colony. Secondary exposures may also occur through chemical transfer (maternal offloading) to the brood and by contact through possible chemical diffusion from wax cells to all hive members. The lack of research on peer-to-peer exposures to contaminants and their metabolites may be in part due to the limitations in sensitive analytical techniques for monitoring chemical fate and dispersion. Combined application of automated honey bee monitoring and modern chemical trace analysis techniques could offer rapid progress in quantifying chemical transfer and accumulation within the hive environment and developing effective mitigation strategies for toxic chemical co-exposures. To enhance the understanding of chemical fate and toxicity within the entire colony, it is crucial to consider both the intricate interactions among hive members and the potential synergistic effects arising from combinations of chemical and their metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amara K Pouv
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Department of Fisheries, Animal, and Veterinary Science, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Julia D Fine
- Invasive Species and Pollinator Health Research Unit, USDA-ARS, 3026 Bee Biology Rd., Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Sascha C T Nicklisch
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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3
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Shi W, Zhang Q, Sheng Y, Dong Z, Feng T, Zhang J, Yu L, Xu Z, Pang L, Chen J, Chen X, Huang J. Neonicotinoid insecticide imidacloprid induces chemosensory deficits in a nontarget parasitoid wasp. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 907:168089. [PMID: 37879478 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Chemical pesticides are widely used to manage the population of arthropod pests. Their increasing use in agriculture has raised concerns about their harmful effects on nontarget organisms, particularly some beneficial insects such as parasitoid wasps. To assess the potential risk and ecological safety of chemical pesticides, it is necessary to understand their impacts on the physiology and behaviour of those important natural enemies of arthropod pests. Here, we applied the Drosophila parasitoid Leptopilina drosophilae as a study model to investigate the effects of sublethal doses of imidacloprid, a widely used neonicotinoid insecticide. Our results demonstrated the detrimental effects of imidacloprid on the host-searching behaviour of L. drosophilae females and the courtship behaviour of L. drosophilae males. Comparative transcriptome and functional analysis provided further insights into the potential mechanisms underlying the impaired behaviours, with the downregulated expression of certain chemoreception genes in both female and male exposed wasps. Our findings thus emphasize the importance of understanding the risks associated with the use of chemical pesticides and the need to develop more eco-friendly pest management strategies for a sustainable balance between chemical and biological control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqi Shi
- Institute of Insect Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qichao Zhang
- Institute of Insect Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yifeng Sheng
- Institute of Insect Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhi Dong
- Institute of Insect Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ting Feng
- Institute of Insect Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junwei Zhang
- Institute of Insect Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Longtao Yu
- Institute of Insect Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zixuan Xu
- Institute of Insect Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lan Pang
- Institute of Insect Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiani Chen
- Institute of Insect Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuexin Chen
- Institute of Insect Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Guangdong Lab for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China; State Key Lab of Rice Biology and Breeding, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianhua Huang
- Institute of Insect Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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4
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Erban T, Parizkova K, Sopko B, Talacko P, Markovic M, Jarosova J, Votypka J. Imidacloprid increases the prevalence of the intestinal parasite Lotmaria passim in honey bee workers. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 905:166973. [PMID: 37699488 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
A challenge in bee protection is to assess the risks of pesticide-pathogen interactions. Lotmaria passim, a ubiquitous unicellular parasite in honey bees, is considered harmful under specific conditions. Imidacloprid causes unpredictable side effects. Research indicates that both L. passim and imidacloprid may affect the physiology, behavior, immunity, microbiome and lifespan of honey bees. We designed cage experiments to test whether the infection of L. passim is affected by a sublethal dose of imidacloprid. Workers collected at the time of emergence were exposed to L. passim and 2.5 μg/L imidacloprid in the coexposure treatment group. First, samples of bees were taken from cages since they were 5 days old and 3 days postinfection, i.e., after finishing an artificial 24 h L. passim infection. Additional bees were collected every two additional days. In addition, bees frozen at the time of emergence and collected from the unexposed group were analyzed. Abdomens were analyzed using qPCR to determine parasite load, while corresponding selected heads were subjected to a label-free proteomic analysis. Our results show that bees are free of L. passim at the time of emergence. Furthermore, imidacloprid considerably increased the prevalence as well as parasite loads in individual bees. This means that imidacloprid facilitates infection, enabling faster parasite spread in a colony and potentially to surrounding colonies. The proteomic analysis of bee heads showed that imidacloprid neutralized the increased transferrin 1 expression by L. passim. Importantly, this promising marker has been previously observed to be upregulated by infections, including gut parasites. This study contributes to understanding the side effects of imidacloprid and demonstrates that a single xenobiotic/pesticide compound can interact with the gut parasite. Our methodology can be used to assess the effects of different compounds on L. passim.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Erban
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Laboratory, Crop Research Institute, Drnovska 507/73, Prague 6-Ruzyne CZ-161 06, Czechia.
| | - Kamila Parizkova
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Vinicna 1594/7, Prague 2 CZ-128 00, Czechia
| | - Bruno Sopko
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Laboratory, Crop Research Institute, Drnovska 507/73, Prague 6-Ruzyne CZ-161 06, Czechia
| | - Pavel Talacko
- Proteomics Core Facility, Faculty of Science, BIOCEV, Charles University, Prumyslova 595, Vestec CZ-252 50, Czechia
| | - Martin Markovic
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Laboratory, Crop Research Institute, Drnovska 507/73, Prague 6-Ruzyne CZ-161 06, Czechia
| | - Jana Jarosova
- Laboratory of Hormonal Regulations in Plants, Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojova 263, Prague 6-Lysolaje CZ-165 02, Czechia
| | - Jan Votypka
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Vinicna 1594/7, Prague 2 CZ-128 00, Czechia; Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Branisovska 1160/31, Ceske Budejovice CZ-37005, Czechia
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5
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Zhang C, Wang X, Kaur P, Gan J. A critical review on the accumulation of neonicotinoid insecticides in pollen and nectar: Influencing factors and implications for pollinator exposure. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 899:165670. [PMID: 37478949 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Neonicotinoids are a class of neuro-active insecticides widely used to protect major crops, primarily because of their broad-spectrum insecticidal activity and low vertebrate toxicity. Owing to their systemic nature, plants readily take up neonicotinoids and translocate them through roots, leaves, and other tissues to flowers (pollen and nectar) that serve as a critical point of exposure to pollinators foraging on treated plants. The growing evidence for potential adverse effects on non-target species, especially pollinators, and persistence has raised serious concerns, as these pesticides are increasingly prevalent in terrestrial and aquatic systems. Despite increasing research efforts, our understanding of the potential toxicity of neonicotinoids and the risks they pose to non-target species remains limited. Therefore, this critical review provides a succinct evaluation of the uptake, translocation, and accumulation processes of neonicotinoids in plants and the factors that may affect the eventual build-up of neonicotinoids in pollen and nectar. The role of plant species, as well as the physicochemical properties and application methods of neonicotinoids is discussed. Potential knowledge gaps are identified, and questions meriting future research are suggested for improving our understanding of the relationship between neonicotinoid residues in plants and exposure to pollinators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhang
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside 92521, CA, USA; Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; College of Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Xinru Wang
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside 92521, CA, USA; Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization Ministry of Agriculture, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Parminder Kaur
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside 92521, CA, USA.
| | - Jay Gan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside 92521, CA, USA
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6
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Malladi S, Sukkar D, Bonnefoy A, Falla-Angel J, Laval-Gilly P. Imidacloprid and acetamiprid synergistically downregulate spaetzle and myD88 of the Toll pathway in haemocytes of the European honeybee (Apis mellifera). ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 104:104323. [PMID: 37995888 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2023.104323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Pollinator health has been of critical concern over the last few decades. The prevalence of the honeybee Colony Collapse Disorder (CCD), changing climate, and the rise of vector-borne honeybee diseases by Varroa destructor, have played a major role in the rapid decline of global honeybee populations. Honeybees are environmentally and economically significant actors in biodiversity. The impact of agricultural practices, such as pesticide use, has exacerbated the negative effects on honeybees. We demonstrate the synergistic effect of cocktails of the neonicotinoids imidacloprid and acetamiprid on honeybee haemocytes. Two genes responsible for critical immune responses, spaetzle and myD88, are consistently dysregulated following exposure to either neonicotinoid alone or as a mixture with or without an immune challenge. The 2018 ban of neonicotinoids in Europe, followed by the 2020 reauthorisation of imidacloprid in France and the current consideration to reinstate acetamiprid underscores the need to evaluate their cumulative impact on honeybee health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dani Sukkar
- Université de Lorraine, INRAE, LSE, F-54000 Nancy, France; Université de Lorraine, IUT Thionville-Yutz, Plateforme de Recherche, Transfert de Technologie et Innovation (PRTI), 57970 Yutz, France
| | - Antoine Bonnefoy
- Université de Lorraine, IUT Thionville-Yutz, Plateforme de Recherche, Transfert de Technologie et Innovation (PRTI), 57970 Yutz, France
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7
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Boakye RG, Stanley DA, White B. Honey contamination from plant protection products approved for cocoa (Theobroma cacao) cultivation: A systematic review of existing research and methods. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0280175. [PMID: 37878562 PMCID: PMC10599517 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0280175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The main component of chocolate, cocoa (Theobroma cacao), is a significant commercial agricultural plant that directly sustains the livelihoods of an estimated forty to fifty million people. The economies of many cocoa producing nations, particularly those in the developing world, are supported by cocoa export revenue. To ensure satisfactory yields, however, the plant is usually intensely treated with pesticides because it is vulnerable to disease and pest attacks. Even though pesticides help protect the cocoa plant, unintended environmental contamination is also likely. Honey, produced from nectar obtained by honeybees from flowers while foraging, can serve as a good indicator for the level of pesticide residues and environmental pesticide build-up in landscapes. Here, we use a systematic literature review to quantify the extent of research on residues of pesticides used in cocoa cultivation in honey. In 81% of the 104 studies examined for this analysis, 169 distinct compounds were detected. Imidacloprid was the most frequently detected pesticide, making neonicotinoids the most frequently found class of pesticides overall. However, in cocoa producing countries, organophosphates, organochlorines, and pyrethroids were the most frequently detected pesticides. Interestingly, only 19% of studies were carried out in cocoa producing countries. We recommend prioritizing more research in the countries that produce cocoa to help to understand the potential impact of pesticide residues linked with cocoa cultivation in honey and the environment more generally to inform better pesticide usage, human health, and environmental policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard G. Boakye
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Earth Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Dara A. Stanley
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Earth Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Blanaid White
- School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
- National Centre for Sensor Research, DCU Water Institute, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
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Chatzaki V, Montoro M, El-Rashid R, Jensen AB, Lecocq A. A New Approach for Detecting Sublethal Effects of Neonicotinoids on Bumblebees Using Optical Sensor Technology. INSECTS 2023; 14:713. [PMID: 37623423 PMCID: PMC10455988 DOI: 10.3390/insects14080713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Among insects, bees are important pollinators, providing many vital ecosystem services. The recent pollinator decline is threatening both their diversity and abundance. One of the main drivers of this decline is the extensive use of pesticides. Neonicotinoids, one of the most popular groups of pesticides, can be toxic to bees. In fact, numerous studies have found that neonicotinoids can cause sublethal effects, which can impair the biology, physiology, and colony survival of the bees. Yet, there are still knowledge gaps, and more research is needed to better understand the interaction between neonicotinoids and bees, especially in the field. A new optical sensor, which can automatically identify flying insects using machine learning, has been created to continuously monitor insect activity in the field. This study investigated the potential use of this sensor as a tool for monitoring the sublethal effects of pesticides on bumblebees. Bombus terrestris workers were orally exposed to field-realistic doses of imidacloprid. Two types of exposures were tested: acute and chronic. The flight activity of pesticide-exposed and non-exposed bumblebees was recorded, and the events of the insect flights recorded by the sensor were used in two ways: to extract the values of the wingbeat frequency and to train machine learning models. The results showed that the trained model was able to recognize differences between the events created by pesticide-exposed bumblebees and the control bumblebees. This study demonstrates the possibility of the optical sensor for use as a tool to monitor bees that have been exposed to sublethal doses of pesticides. The optical sensor can provide data that could be helpful in managing and, ideally, mitigating the decline of pollinators from one of their most major threats, pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasileia Chatzaki
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences—PLEN, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark; (A.B.J.); (A.L.)
- FaunaPhotonics APS, Støberigade 14, 2450 Copenhagen, Denmark; (M.M.); (R.E.-R.)
| | - Marta Montoro
- FaunaPhotonics APS, Støberigade 14, 2450 Copenhagen, Denmark; (M.M.); (R.E.-R.)
| | - Rámi El-Rashid
- FaunaPhotonics APS, Støberigade 14, 2450 Copenhagen, Denmark; (M.M.); (R.E.-R.)
| | - Annette Bruun Jensen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences—PLEN, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark; (A.B.J.); (A.L.)
| | - Antoine Lecocq
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences—PLEN, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark; (A.B.J.); (A.L.)
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Sedláčková S, Hubálek M, Vrkoslav V, Blechová M, Kozlík P, Cvačka J. Positive Effect of Acetylation on Proteomic Analysis Based on Liquid Chromatography with Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization and Photoionization Mass Spectrometry. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28093711. [PMID: 37175121 PMCID: PMC10180487 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28093711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
A typical bottom-up proteomic workflow comprises sample digestion with trypsin, separation of the hydrolysate using reversed-phase HPLC, and detection of peptides via electrospray ionization (ESI) tandem mass spectrometry. Despite the advantages and wide usage of protein identification and quantification, the procedure has limitations. Some domains or parts of the proteins may remain inadequately described due to inefficient detection of certain peptides. This study presents an alternative approach based on sample acetylation and mass spectrometry with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) and atmospheric pressure photoionization (APPI). These ionizations allowed for improved detection of acetylated peptides obtained via chymotrypsin or glutamyl peptidase I (Glu-C) digestion. APCI and APPI spectra of acetylated peptides often provided sequence information already at the full scan level, while fragmentation spectra of protonated molecules and sodium adducts were easy to interpret. As demonstrated for bovine serum albumin, acetylation improved proteomic analysis. Compared to ESI, gas-phase ionizations APCI and APPI made it possible to detect more peptides and provide better sequence coverages in most cases. Importantly, APCI and APPI detected many peptides which passed unnoticed in the ESI source. Therefore, analytical methods based on chymotrypsin or Glu-C digestion, acetylation, and APPI or APCI provide data complementary to classical bottom-up proteomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Sedláčková
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo Náměstí 542/2, 16000 Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030/8, 12800 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Hubálek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo Náměstí 542/2, 16000 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Vrkoslav
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo Náměstí 542/2, 16000 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslava Blechová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo Náměstí 542/2, 16000 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Kozlík
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030/8, 12800 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Cvačka
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo Náměstí 542/2, 16000 Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030/8, 12800 Prague, Czech Republic
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10
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Romanowski H, Blake L. Neonicotinoid seed treatment on sugar beet in England: a qualitative analysis of the controversy, existing policy and viability of alternatives. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES AND SCIENCES 2023; 13:1-20. [PMID: 37359708 PMCID: PMC10104770 DOI: 10.1007/s13412-023-00830-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
In 2021, the United Kingdom Government granted the possibility of an emergency derogation for the use of the neonicotinoid seed treatment, thiamethoxam, on sugar beet in England. This was met with heavy criticism and controversy due to the body of evidence demonstrating toxicity of the insecticide to non-target species, particularly pollinators. However, many viewed this decision to be reasonable in this system, as sugar beet is a non-flowering crop, and derogations were only implemented if a set of conditions, including viral risk, were met. This research aims to understand the policy and the perspective of stakeholders in this debate, and identify key problems associated with thiamethoxam use on sugar beet. Semi-structured interviews combined with a modified policy analysis were used, incorporating framework analysis and comparative analysis. Political polarisation, whereby respondents felt that the debate had become anti-pesticide or pro-pesticide and lacked nuance, and the monopsony of British Sugar (a UK company that buys and processes sugar beet), were found to be the most prevalent issues currently impeding political progress and the enhancement of sustainable agriculture in this system. Virus forecasting was considered a successful strategy at the time of writing, although limitations to the model are also discussed. Non-chemical alternatives were found to be limited in this system due to the specificity of the pest system and the low threshold of virus yellows, while forecasting was considered to have the lowest net-environmental impact. Additional policy strategies to work alongside forecasting, such as public education and intergroup contact are also discussed. This study reflects a more general tug-of-war that often sets up a false dichotomy between food security and environmental sustainability. It highlights the importance of addressing the complexity of sustainable food production by opening up the discussion and taking a more nuanced and adaptive approach to policy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lauren Blake
- School of Geographical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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11
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Girolami V, Toffolo EP, Mazzon L, Zampieri F, Lentola A, Giorio C, Tapparo A. Effect of repeated intakes of a neonicotinoid insecticide on the foraging behaviours of Apis mellifera in field trials. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:12257-12268. [PMID: 36109478 PMCID: PMC9898341 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22977-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Evaluating the effects of neonicotinoids on forager bees in conditions as near as possible to those in nature presents a considerable challenge. Tackling this challenge is, however, necessary to establish their negative side effects on these pollinators. For instance, it is still under debate the mechanism by which bees seem to recognize low-level contaminations of neonicotinoid insecticides in nectar and pollen of the flowers they visit and limit collection to protect themselves and their hive from a possible intoxication. In this study, we propose an experimental system that involves the use of foragers in free flight foraging repeatedly on artificial feeders containing a sucrose solution contaminated with clothianidin, as well as foragers feeding at adjacent control feeders, allowing us to observe changes in their foraging activity. The progressive disappearance of foragers from the contaminated feeders became increasingly clear and rapid with the increase in clothianidin concentration. The lowest concentration at which we observed an effect was around 10 µg/L, which corresponds to the maximum residual concentration (10 ng/g) observed in pollen and nectar of flowers close to open fields sown with seeds coated with insecticides. At the highest concentrations tested (80 µg/L), there was an almost total abandonment of the feeders. The estimated quantity of contaminated sucrose solution collected by foragers showed an almost linear relationship inversely proportional to clothianidin concentration, whilst the estimated quantity of insecticide collected by a forager increased and then stabilised at the highest concentrations tested of 40 and 80 µg/L. Irregular mortality was not observed in front of the hives, furthermore, foragers did not show evident memory of the position of the treated units in the trials on the 2 consecutive days. The decrease in foraging activity in the presence of a few µg/L of insecticide in the sucrose solution appears to limit the introduction of elevated amounts of toxic substances into the hives, which would have serious consequences for the young bees and the brood. At the same time, in the absence of an alternative energy source, even reduced feeding of the hive can compromise colony health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Girolami
- Dipartimento di Agronomia Animali Alimenti Risorse Naturali e Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Padova, viale dell’Università 16, Legnaro, Padova, 35020 Italy
| | - Edoardo Petrucco Toffolo
- Dipartimento di Agronomia Animali Alimenti Risorse Naturali e Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Padova, viale dell’Università 16, Legnaro, Padova, 35020 Italy
| | - Luca Mazzon
- Dipartimento di Agronomia Animali Alimenti Risorse Naturali e Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Padova, viale dell’Università 16, Legnaro, Padova, 35020 Italy
| | - Francesca Zampieri
- Dipartimento di Agronomia Animali Alimenti Risorse Naturali e Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Padova, viale dell’Università 16, Legnaro, Padova, 35020 Italy
| | - Andrea Lentola
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, via Marzolo 1, Padova, 35131 Italy
- Laimburg Research Centre, Laimburg 6, 39040 Ora, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Chiara Giorio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, via Marzolo 1, Padova, 35131 Italy
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW UK
| | - Andrea Tapparo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, via Marzolo 1, Padova, 35131 Italy
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Gupta Vakil S, Biswas S, Snow D, Wu-Smart J. Targeted Method for Quantifying Air-Borne Pesticide Residues from Conventional Seed Coat Treatments to Better Assess Exposure Risk During Maize Planting. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2022; 109:1051-1058. [PMID: 36318302 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-022-03627-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Agricultural seed-coat treatments are prone to drift as seed coatings may scuff off and become incorporated into field particles during planting. Vacuum planters release exhaust and kick up field dust, laden with systemic pesticides that blow across the landscape, is taken up, and later expressed in the nectar and pollen of surrounding plants. Offsite movements and nontarget exposure to systemic pesticides need attention and determining how and at what exposure levels pollinators are exposed is of critical importance. Unfortunately, this requires extensive and costly instrumental analyses. Here, we describe dust sampling and a modified, rapid method based on liquid chromatography in tandem with mass spectrometry-based method for quantification of a broad array of agrochemicals in captured dust particles. This method increases ability to detect potential exposure to multiple agrochemicals and allows researchers to better address critical knowledge gaps in the environmental fate, off-target movement, and persistence of conventional seed treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surabhi Gupta Vakil
- Department of Entomology, Institute of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, USA
| | - Saptashati Biswas
- Energy & Environmental Research Centre, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, USA
| | - Daniel Snow
- Water Science Laboratory, Nebraska Water Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, USA
| | - Judy Wu-Smart
- Department of Entomology, Institute of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, USA.
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Chole H, de Guinea M, Woodard SH, Bloch G. Field-realistic concentrations of a neonicotinoid insecticide influence socially regulated brood development in a bumblebee. Proc Biol Sci 2022; 289:20220253. [PMID: 36382527 PMCID: PMC9667354 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2022.0253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The systemic neonicotinoid insecticides are considered as one of the key culprits contributing to ongoing declines in pollinator health and abundance. Bumblebees are among the most important pollinators of temperate zone plants, making their susceptibility to neonicotinoid exposure of great concern. We report that bumblebee (Bombus terrestris) colonies exposed to field-realistic concentrations of the commonly used neonicotinoid Imidacloprid grew slower, consumed less food, and produced fewer workers, males and gynes, but unexpectedly produced larger workers compared to control colonies. Behavioural observations show that queens in pesticide-treated colonies spend more time inactive and less time caring for the brood. We suggest that the observed effects on brood body size are driven by a decreased queen ability to manipulate the larva developmental programme. These findings reveal an intricate and previously unknown effect of insecticides on the social interactions controlling brood development in social insect colonies. Insecticide influences on the social mechanisms regulating larval development are potentially detrimental for bumblebees, in which body size strongly influences both caste differentiation and the division of labour among workers, two organization principles of insect societies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Chole
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Miguel de Guinea
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - S. Hollis Woodard
- Department of Entomology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Guy Bloch
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
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Ajermoun N, Aghris S, Ettadili F, Alaoui OT, Laghrib F, Farahi A, Lahrich S, Bakasse M, Saqrane S, El Mhammedi MA. Phytotoxic effect of the insecticide imidacloprid in Phaseolus vulgaris L. plant and evaluation of its bioaccumulation and translocation by electrochemical methods. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 214:113794. [PMID: 35809636 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this work is to study the toxicological effect of the imidacloprid (IMD) on common bean plants (Phaseolus vulgaris L) when used at high doses and its quantification by electrochemical method. Common bean plants were exposed to increasing concentrations of IMD and the different plant tissues were subjected to various analyses. The IMD detection in different tissues of the bean plant was performed after extraction on the metallic silver electrode using square wave voltammetry. The analytical and calibration parameters (Slope, correlation coefficient, linear range, detection limit and relative standard deviation) were calculated for the different plant tissues. The effect of different doses (5.0 × 10-3 to 5.0 × 10-2 mol L-1) of IMD was evaluated on germination, seedling (vigour, growth) and photosynthetic pigments in the bean plant. The results indicate that germination rate and seed vigour index reduced significantly (p ≤ 0.05) only in the applied concentrations above the recommended dose. A similar effect of IMD was observed on seedling development in term of roots length, plant length, number of leaves and number of nods. Concerning pigments content, chlorophyll a, b and total chlorophyll maximally decreased by 95.26%, 80.44% and 82.15% respectively at high applied dose. The bioaccumulation and translocation behaviour of IMD in bean plant was investigated, revealing that the IMD can be bioaccumulated in roots and can easily be translocated into stems and leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Ajermoun
- Sultan Moulay Slimane University of Beni Mellal, Laboratory of Materials Science, Mathematics and Environment, Polydisciplinary Faculty, 25 000 Khouribga, Morocco
| | - S Aghris
- Sultan Moulay Slimane University of Beni Mellal, Laboratory of Materials Science, Mathematics and Environment, Polydisciplinary Faculty, 25 000 Khouribga, Morocco
| | - F Ettadili
- Sultan Moulay Slimane University of Beni Mellal, Laboratory of Materials Science, Mathematics and Environment, Polydisciplinary Faculty, 25 000 Khouribga, Morocco
| | - O Tahiri Alaoui
- Moulay Ismail University, Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Materials and Environment, Sciences and Technologies Faculty, Errachidia, Morocco
| | - F Laghrib
- Sultan Moulay Slimane University of Beni Mellal, Laboratory of Materials Science, Mathematics and Environment, Polydisciplinary Faculty, 25 000 Khouribga, Morocco; Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Engineering Laboratory of Organometallic, Molecular Materials, and Environment, Faculty of sciences, Fez, Morocco
| | - A Farahi
- Sultan Moulay Slimane University of Beni Mellal, Laboratory of Materials Science, Mathematics and Environment, Polydisciplinary Faculty, 25 000 Khouribga, Morocco
| | - S Lahrich
- Sultan Moulay Slimane University of Beni Mellal, Laboratory of Materials Science, Mathematics and Environment, Polydisciplinary Faculty, 25 000 Khouribga, Morocco
| | - M Bakasse
- Chouaib Doukkali University, Faculty of Sciences, Laboratory of Organic Bioorganic Chemistry and Environment, El Jadida, Morocco
| | - S Saqrane
- Sultan Moulay Slimane University of Beni Mellal, Laboratory of Materials Science, Mathematics and Environment, Polydisciplinary Faculty, 25 000 Khouribga, Morocco
| | - M A El Mhammedi
- Sultan Moulay Slimane University of Beni Mellal, Laboratory of Materials Science, Mathematics and Environment, Polydisciplinary Faculty, 25 000 Khouribga, Morocco.
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Hansted L, Crocoll C, Bitarafan Z, Andreasen C. Clopyralid applied to winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) contaminates the food products nectar, honey and pollen. Food Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2022.109124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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16
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Brar PK, Kang BK, Chhuneja PK, Sahoo SK. Dissipation kinetics of imidacloprid in cotton flower, nectariferous tissue, pollen and Apis mellifera products using QuEChERS method. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2022; 78:662-670. [PMID: 34647410 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure of Apis mellifera to neonicotinoid insecticides is one of the factors attributed to the recent decline in A. mellifera populations resulting in economic and ecological losses due to loss of pollination services. Honey bees can get exposed to neonicotinoids like imidacloprid directly in the field at the time of application as well as during consumption of pollen and nectar from treated plants. So, the fate of imidacloprid in commodities to which honey bees get exposed needs to be overhauled. RESULTS Residue of imidacloprid was investigated following imidacloprid application as seed treatment (2.4 and 4.8 g a.i. kg-1 seed) at the time of sowing and as foliar spray (17.8 and 35.6 g a.i. ha-1 ) at 70 days after sowing when the crop was at full bloom stage. The imidacloprid residue was below limit of quantification (LOQ) in flowers, necatariferous tissue, pollen from seed-treated cotton plants and honey collected from hives kept in plots with seed-treated cotton plants. However, average initial imidacloprid residue (2 h after spray) was 1.84 and 1.95 mg kg-1 in flowers; 0.22 and 0.24 mg kg-1 in nectariferous tissue; 0.88 and 0.96 mg kg-1 in pollen collected from plants sprayed with imidacloprid @ 17.8 g a.i. ha-1 at locations Faridkot and Bathinda, respectively. The average initial imidacloprid residue (21 days after spray) in honey collected from hives was 0.01 mg kg-1 . CONCLUSION The residue in different substrates sampled from seed treated cotton plants was below LOQ. However, its foliar spray at bloom time resulted in imidacloprid residue in flower, nectariferous tissue, pollen and honey sampled from hives placed in plots. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pushpinder Kaur Brar
- Department of Entomology, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa (Samastipur)-848125, Bihar
| | - Balpreet Kaur Kang
- Department of Entomology, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa (Samastipur)-848125, Bihar
| | - Pardeep Kumar Chhuneja
- Department of Entomology, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa (Samastipur)-848125, Bihar
| | - Sanjay Kumar Sahoo
- Department of Entomology, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa (Samastipur)-848125, Bihar
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Wang W, Huang D, Wang D, Tan M, Geng M, Zhu C, Chen N, Zhou D. Extensive production of hydroxyl radicals during oxygenation of anoxic paddy soils: Implications to imidacloprid degradation. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 286:131565. [PMID: 34280832 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxyl radical (•OH) plays a critical role in driving organic pollutants degradation during redox fluctuations. Such processes have been frequently investigated in sedimentary environments, but rarely referred to the agricultural fields, such as paddy soils with frequent occurrence of redox fluctuations. Our findings demonstrated that extensive •OH (40.3-1061.4 μmol kg-1) was produced during oxygenation of anoxic paddy slurries under circumstance conditions. Wet chemical sequential extractions, Mössbauer spectra, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy characterizations collectively corroborated that 0.5 M HCl-extracted Fe(II) (i.e., surface-bound Fe and Fe in low-crystalline minerals) contributed to more •OH production than aqueous Fe2+. The produced •OH can efficiently induce the oxidative transformation of organic carbon and the degradation of imidacloprid (IMP), which in turn produced the by-products, such as IMP-urea, IMP-olefin, and 6-chloronicontinic acid, via •OH-attacking mechanisms. Quenching experiments showed that hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was the important intermediate for •OH formation via Haber-Weiss mechanisms during oxygenation processes. These findings indicate that abundant •OH can be produced during the redox fluctuations of paddy soil, which might be of great significance to predict the removal of organic contaminants and the mineralization of organic carbon in paddy fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenchao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Danyu Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Dixiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Mengxi Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Mengyuan Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Changyin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Ning Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu Province, PR China.
| | - Dongmei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu Province, PR China
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Ben Gharsa H, Bouri M, Mougou Hamdane A, Schuster C, Leclerque A, Rhouma A. Bacillus velezensis strain MBY2, a potential agent for the management of crown gall disease. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0252823. [PMID: 34129651 PMCID: PMC8205166 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0252823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The reduction of the use chemical pesticides in agriculture is gaining importance as an objective of decision-makers in both politics and economics. Consequently, the development of technically efficient and economically affordable alternatives as, e.g., biological control agents or practices is highly solicited. Crown gall disease of dicotyledonous plants is caused by ubiquitous soil borne pathogenic bacteria of the Agrobacterium tumefaciens species complex, that comprises the species Agrobacterium fabrum and represents a globally relevant plant protection problem. Within the framework of a screening program for bacterial Agrobacterium antagonists a total of 14 strains were isolated from Tunisian soil samples and assayed for antagonistic activity against pathogenic agrobacteria. One particularly promising isolate, termed strain MBY2, was studied more in depth. Using a Multilocus Sequence Analysis (MLSA) approach, the isolate was assigned to the taxonomic species Bacillus velezensis. Strain MBY2 was shown to display antagonistic effects against the pathogenic A. fabrum strain C58 in vitro and to significantly decrease pathogen populations under sterile and non-sterile soil conditions as well as in the rhizosphere of maize and, to a lower extent, tomato plants. Moreover, the ability of B. velezensis MBY2 to reduce C58-induced gall development has been demonstrated in vivo on stems of tomato and almond plants. The present study describes B. velezensis MBY2 as a newly discovered strain holding potential as a biological agent for crown gall disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifa Ben Gharsa
- Laboratory of Protection and Improvement of Genetic Resources of Olive, Olive Tree Institute, Tunis, Tunisia
- Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
- Institute for Microbiology and Biochemistry, Hochschule Geisenheim University, Geisenheim, Germany
- Department of Biology, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Meriam Bouri
- Laboratory of Protection and Improvement of Genetic Resources of Olive, Olive Tree Institute, Tunis, Tunisia
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Christina Schuster
- Institute for Microbiology and Biochemistry, Hochschule Geisenheim University, Geisenheim, Germany
- Department of Biology, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Andreas Leclerque
- Institute for Microbiology and Biochemistry, Hochschule Geisenheim University, Geisenheim, Germany
- Department of Biology, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante (IPSP), Portici, Italy
| | - Ali Rhouma
- Laboratory of Protection and Improvement of Genetic Resources of Olive, Olive Tree Institute, Tunis, Tunisia
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Wang Q, Zhangsun H, Zhao Y, Zhuang Y, Xu Z, Bu T, Li R, Wang L. Macro-meso-microporous carbon composite derived from hydrophilic metal-organic framework as high-performance electrochemical sensor for neonicotinoid determination. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 411:125122. [PMID: 33485221 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical analysis enables pesticides monitoring become rapid and efficient. Herein, novel three dimensional nitrogen-doped macro-meso-microporous carbon composites (N/Cu-HPC) derived from polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) doped Cu-metal organic framework were successfully formed via one-pot solvothermal method followed by pyrolysis, which were further applied in high-performance electrochemical determination of neonicotinoid. The introduction of PVP endows the N/Cu-HPC good hydrophilicity preventing aggregation as well as more highly electronegative nitrogen species boosting electro-catalytic property dramatically. Interestingly, the macro-meso-microporous architecture improves mass and charge transports between neonicotinoid molecules and active sites such as Cu nanoparticles and carbon atoms possessing Lewis basicity next to pyridinic-N. Based on the N/Cu-HPC, imidacloprid (IDP), thiamethoxam (THA) and dinotefuran (DNF) were detected with wide linear detection ranges (0.5-60 μM for both IDP and DNF, 1-60 μM for THA) and low detection limits (0.026 μM for IDP, 0.062 μM for THA and 0.01 μM for DNF). Meanwhile, this sensor can be successfully used for determination of IDP, THA and DNF in oat, corn and rice with good recoveries (92.0-100.9%, RSD ≤ 4.8%), demonstrating that the N/Cu-HPC possesses a high potential to be an advanced sensing device for monitoring neonicotinoid in agricultural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinzhi Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hui Zhangsun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yijian Zhao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuting Zhuang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhihao Xu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tong Bu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ruixia Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Li Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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Mahefarisoa K, Simon Delso N, Zaninotto V, Colin M, Bonmatin J. The threat of veterinary medicinal products and biocides on pollinators: A One Health perspective. One Health 2021; 12:100237. [PMID: 33851001 PMCID: PMC8022246 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2021.100237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The One Health approach acknowledges that human health is firmly linked to animal and environmental health. It involves using animals such as bees and other pollinators as sentinels for environmental contamination or biological indicators. Beekeepers noticed intoxications of apiaries located in the vicinity of sheep and cattle farms, which led to the suspicion of bees' intoxication by the products used for livestock: veterinary medicinal products (VMPs) and Biocides, confirmed by laboratory analysis. We review the legal context of VMPs and Biocidal products considering Europe as a case study, and identify shortcomings at the environmental level. We describe the possible ways these products could intoxicate bees in the vicinity of livestock farms. We also illustrate the way they may impact non-target species. The cases of ivermectin and abamectin as VMPs, deltamethrin and permethrin as Biocides are considered as case studies. We show bees can be exposed to new and unrecognized routes of exposure to these chemicals, and demonstrate that their application in livestock farming can affect the survival of pollinators, such as bees. We conclude that: (1) figures on the marketing/use of these chemicals should be harmonized, centralized and publicly available, (2) research should be devoted to clarifying how pollinators are exposed to VMPs and Biocides, (3) toxicity studies on bees should be carried out, and (4) pollinators should be considered as non-targeted species concerning the environmental risk assessment before their marketing authorization. We propose the term "Multi-use substances" for active ingredients with versatile use.
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Key Words
- BTV, Bluetongue virus
- Bees
- ECHA, European Chemical Agency
- EIA, environmental impact assessment
- EMA, Environmental Medicine Agency
- ERA, environmental risk assessment
- Ecotoxicology
- Environmental health
- Livestock
- MA, market authorisation
- Multi-use substances
- PEC, predicted environmental concentration
- PNEC, predicted no effect concentration
- Pesticide
- RQ, risk quotient
- Risk assessment
- SPs, synthetic pyrethroids
- VICH, International Cooperation on Harmonization of Technical Requirements for Registration of Veterinary Medicinal Products.
- VMPs, veterinary medicinal products
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Affiliation(s)
- K.L. Mahefarisoa
- Catholic University of Louvain, Faculty of bioscience engineering, Place Croix du Sud 2, 1348 Ottignies-Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - N. Simon Delso
- Beekeeping Center of Research and Information (CARI asbl), BeeLife European Beekeeping Coordination, Place Croix du Sud 1, 1348 Louvain la Neuve, Belgium
| | - V. Zaninotto
- Sorbonne University, CNRS, IRD, INRAE, University of Paris, UPEC, Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences-Paris (IEES-Paris), 75005 Paris, France
| | - M.E. Colin
- Montpellier Fédération Nationale des Organisations Sanitaires Apicoles Départementales (FNOSAD), 41 Rue Pernety, 75014 Paris, France
| | - J.M. Bonmatin
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de biophysique moléculaire, 45071 Orléans Cedex 02, France
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21
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Watanabe E, Seike N. Liquid Chromatographic Determination of Trace Bioavailable Neonicotinoids in Soil with Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction and Its Application for Experimental Monitoring. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:4284-4293. [PMID: 33787246 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c06327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) was applied to extract bioavailable neonicotinoids involved in the uptake from soil through roots to plants. To quantitatively extract bioavailable neonicotinoids with the proposed DLLME, 3.5 mL of dichloromethane (extractant)/acetonitrile (dispersive solvent) (6:1, v/v) was injected into 5 mL of aqueous soil extracts in which 1 g of sodium chloride was previously dissolved. The separated dichloromethane phase after sonication and centrifugation was evaporated, reconstituted with a mobile phase, and determined with high-performance liquid chromatography. The established method showed sufficient analytical performance to quantify the amount remaining in soil in trace amounts. In a pilot trial conducted in the field, the changes in the concentrations of bioavailable neonicotinoids were confirmed using the method. After showing rapid degradation in soil, degradation of clothianidin and imidacloprid slowed after about 100 days of treatment, but it continued to be detected at around 0.02-0.05 μg/g-dried weight until 1097 days. This result suggests that once these neonicotinoids are treated in soil, they might remain for long periods, which supports the possibilities of crop contamination and exposure to pollinators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiki Watanabe
- Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8604, Japan
| | - Nobuyasu Seike
- Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8604, Japan
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22
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Poliserpi MB, Cristos DS, Brodeur JC. Imidacloprid seed coating poses a risk of acute toxicity to small farmland birds: A weight-of-evidence analysis using data from the grayish baywing Agelaioides badius. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 763:142957. [PMID: 33498114 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to estimate the risk posed by imidacloprid (IMI) seed coating to passerine birds of the Pampa Region of Argentina using data specifically generated with the grayish baywing (Agelaioides badius). Median lethal dose (LD50) of the IMI-based formulation tested was 57.11 mg IMI/kg body weight (bw), with intoxication signs starting from 20.6 mg IMI/kg bw. The feed intake rate (FIR) was estimated experimentally as 4.895 g/day per bird, representing 12.43% of bw. It was calculated that the ingestion of 7-10% of the FIR as treated seeds would be enough to achieve the LD50 for sorghum, corn, sunflower, and alfalfa, whereas consumption of 31 and 54% of FIR was necessary for oat and wheat, respectively. Based on spill data values available in the literature, it was calculated that, for most crops, a baywing would have to forage an area of field corresponding to less than 60 m2 to obtain the number of seeds required to reach the LD50. It was also shown that this number of seeds is coherent with the amount of seeds ingested in a bout. In a pilot study, all grayish baywings fed with millet seeds treated with 3 g IMI/kg died within three to five days of exposure. In Tier I risk assessment, the trigger value was achieved for all crops except soybean and a weight-of-evidence risk assessment was performed. All lines of evidence examined are consistent with the view that grayish baywings, and probably other small farmland birds, are exposed to a risk of acute toxicity and mortality under both worst-case and mixed-ration exposure scenarios. The possible impacts on bird species calls for an urgent reconsideration of IMI seed coating practices currently approved in the Pampa Region of Argentina and the various parts of the world where this practice is still in use.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Belén Poliserpi
- Instituto de Recursos Biológicos, Centro de Investigaciones de Recursos Naturales (CIRN), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Diego Sebastián Cristos
- Instituto de Tecnología de Alimentos, Centro de Investigación de Agroindustria (CIA), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Julie Céline Brodeur
- Instituto de Recursos Biológicos, Centro de Investigaciones de Recursos Naturales (CIRN), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
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23
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Watanabe E. Review of sample preparation methods for chromatographic analysis of neonicotinoids in agricultural and environmental matrices: From classical to state-of-the-art methods. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1643:462042. [PMID: 33761434 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This review specifically examines the development of sample preparation methods for residue analyses of neonicotinoid insecticides in agricultural and environmental matrices. Pesticide residue analysis is fundamentally important to ensure the safety of foods and processed foods of plant and animal origin, and to preserve the environment, particularly soil and water. For the development of pesticide residue analysis, the sample preparation process is an important key to maximizing the analytical performance of highly sensitive and accurate chromatographic instruments and to acquiring reliable analytical results. This review outlines sample preparation methods that have been proposed to date for extraction of neonicotinoids that might remain in a complicated sample matrix in quantitatively trace amounts, and for cleaning up, to the greatest extent possible, the interfering components that coexist in the sample extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiki Watanabe
- Chemical Analysis Unit, Division of Hazardous Chemicals, Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba 305-8604, Japan.
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24
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Giorio C, Safer A, Sánchez-Bayo F, Tapparo A, Lentola A, Girolami V, van Lexmond MB, Bonmatin JM. An update of the Worldwide Integrated Assessment (WIA) on systemic insecticides. Part 1: new molecules, metabolism, fate, and transport. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:11716-11748. [PMID: 29105037 PMCID: PMC7920890 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0394-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
With the exponential number of published data on neonicotinoids and fipronil during the last decade, an updated review of literature has been conducted in three parts. The present part focuses on gaps of knowledge that have been addressed after publication of the Worldwide Integrated Assessment (WIA) on systemic insecticides in 2015. More specifically, new data on the mode of action and metabolism of neonicotinoids and fipronil, and their toxicity to invertebrates and vertebrates, were obtained. We included the newly detected synergistic effects and/or interactions of these systemic insecticides with other insecticides, fungicides, herbicides, adjuvants, honeybee viruses, and parasites of honeybees. New studies have also investigated the contamination of all environmental compartments (air and dust, soil, water, sediments, and plants) as well as bees and apicultural products, food and beverages, and the exposure of invertebrates and vertebrates to such contaminants. Finally, we review new publications on remediation of neonicotinoids and fipronil, especially in water systems. Conclusions of the previous WIA in 2015 are reinforced; neonicotinoids and fipronil represent a major threat worldwide for biodiversity, ecosystems, and all the services the latter provide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Giorio
- Laboratoire Chimie de l'Environnement, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) and Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Anton Safer
- Institute of Public Health, Ruprecht-Karls-University, INF324, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Francisco Sánchez-Bayo
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, 1 Central Avenue, Eveleigh, NSW, 2015, Australia
| | - Andrea Tapparo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, 35131, Padua, Italy
| | - Andrea Lentola
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, 35131, Padua, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Girolami
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, 35131, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Jean-Marc Bonmatin
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Rue Charles Sadron, 45071, Orléans, France.
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25
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Toselli G, Sgolastra F. Seek and you shall find: An assessment of the influence of the analytical methodologies on pesticide occurrences in honey bee-collected pollen with a systematic review. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 258:127358. [PMID: 32563069 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Honey bee mortality and colony losses have been reported worldwide. Although this phenomenon is caused by a combination of factors, agrochemicals have received special attention due to their potential effects on bees. In agricultural and urban environments bees are exposed to several compounds that may interact in unexpected ways, but information on the extent of pesticide exposure remains unclear. Several monitoring studies have been conducted to evaluate the field-realistic exposure of bees to pesticides after their release on the market. However, their outputs are difficult to compare and harmonize due to differences in the analytical methodologies and the sampling protocols (e.g. number of screened compounds and analysed samples, and detection limits (LODs)). Here, we hypothesize that the analytical methodologies used in the monitoring studies may strongly affect the pesticide occurrences in pollen underestimating the real pesticide exposure. By mean of a systematic literature review, we have collected relevant information on pesticide contaminations in the honey bee-collected pollen. Our findings showed that the pesticide occurrences were associated with the analytical methodologies and the real pesticide exposure has likely been underestimated in some monitoring studies. For four highly toxic compounds, the LOD used in these monitoring studies exceeded the doses that cause toxic effects on honey bees. We recommend that, especially for the highly toxic compounds, the LODs used in the monitoring studies should be low enough to exclude lethal or sublethal effects on bees and avoid "false negative" samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gioele Toselli
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-Alimentari, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Italy
| | - Fabio Sgolastra
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-Alimentari, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Italy.
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26
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Wu RL, He W, Li YL, Li YY, Qin YF, Meng FQ, Wang LG, Xu FL. Residual concentrations and ecological risks of neonicotinoid insecticides in the soils of tomato and cucumber greenhouses in Shouguang, Shandong Province, East China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 738:140248. [PMID: 32806369 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Neonicotinoid insecticides (NNIs) are the most widely used insecticides in China and worldwide. Continuous use of NNIs can lead to their accumulation in soil, causing potential ecological risks due to their relatively long half-life. We used liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to investigate the residual levels of nine neonicotinoids in greenhouse soils in Shouguang, East China, at different soil depths and with different crops (tomato and cucumber) after varying periods of cultivation. Seven neonicotinoids were detected in the soils of the tomato greenhouses and six were detected in the soils of the cucumber greenhouses, with total concentrations ranging from 0.731 to 11.383 μg kg-1 and 0.363 to 19.224 μg kg-1, respectively. In all samples, the neonicotinoid residues in the soils cultivated for 8-9 years were lower than in those cultivated for 2 years and 14-17 years. In the tomato greenhouse soils, the residual levels of NNIs were highest in the topsoil, with progressively lower concentrations found with depth. Under cucumber cultivation, the NNI residue levels were also highest in the topsoil but there was little difference between the middle and lower soil layers. Total organic carbon (TOC) decreased with soil depth while pH showed the opposite trend, showing a significant negative correlation in both types of soils (tomato soils ρ = -0.900, p = .001; cucumber soils ρ = -0.883, p = .002). Furthermore, TOC was significantly positively correlated, and pH was negatively correlated, with total NNI concentrations in both types of soils (TOC: tomato soils ρ = 0.800, p = .010; cucumber soils ρ = 0.881, p = .004; pH: tomato soils ρ = -0.850, p = .004; cucumber soils ρ = -0.643, p = .086). The results of an ecological risk analysis showed that acetamiprid represents a particularly high toxicity risk in these soils. Based on our analysis, NNI residues in the soils of tomato greenhouses and their associated ecological risks deserve more attention than those of cucumber greenhouse soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Lin Wu
- MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban & Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Wei He
- MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban & Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yi-Long Li
- MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban & Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yu-Yan Li
- MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban & Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yi-Fan Qin
- MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban & Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Fan-Qiao Meng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, Beijing Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Organic Farming, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Li-Gang Wang
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Non-point Source Pollution Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Fu-Liu Xu
- MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban & Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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27
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Zioga E, Kelly R, White B, Stout JC. Plant protection product residues in plant pollen and nectar: A review of current knowledge. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 189:109873. [PMID: 32795671 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to Plant Protection Products, PPPs, (fungicides, herbicides and insecticides) is a significant stressor for bees and other pollinators, and has recently been the focus of intensive debate and research. Specifically, exposure through contaminated pollen and nectar is considered pivotal, as it presents the highest risk of PPP exposure across all bee species. However, the actual risk that multiple PPP residues might pose to non-target species is difficult to assess due to the lack of clear evidence of their actual concentrations. To consolidate the existing knowledge of field-realistic residues detected in pollen and nectar directly collected from plants, we performed a systematic literature review of studies over the past 50 years (1968-2018). We found that pollen was the matrix most frequently evaluated and, of the compounds investigated, the majority were detected in pollen samples. Although the overall most studied category of PPPs were the neonicotinoid insecticides, the compounds with the highest median concentrations of residues in pollen were: the broad spectrum carbamate carbofuran (1400 ng/g), the fungicide and nematicide iprodione (524 ng/g), and the organophosphate insecticide dimethoate (500 ng/g). In nectar, the highest median concentration of PPP residues detected were dimethoate (1595 ng/g), chlorothalonil (76 ng/g), and the insecticide phorate (53.5 ng/g). Strong positive correlation was observed between neonicotinoid residues in pollen and nectar of cultivated plant species. The maximum concentrations of several compounds detected in nectar and pollen were estimated to exceed the LD50s for honey bees, bumble bees and four solitary bee species, by several orders of magnitude. However, there is a paucity of information for the biggest part of the world and there is an urgent need to expand the range of compounds evaluated in PPP studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Zioga
- Botany, School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Ruth Kelly
- Botany, School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland; Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, 18a Newforge Lane, Belfast, BT9 5PX, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Blánaid White
- School of Chemical Sciences, DCU Water Institute, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Jane C Stout
- Botany, School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
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28
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Choudhury RA, Sutherland AM, Hengel MJ, Parrella MP, Gubler WD. Imidacloprid Movement into Fungal Conidia Is Lethal to Mycophagous Beetles. INSECTS 2020; 11:insects11080496. [PMID: 32756374 PMCID: PMC7469163 DOI: 10.3390/insects11080496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary Some insects are beneficial to plants because they eat pest insects and disease-causing fungi; integrating the use of these insects into pest management can help to reduce the need for costly pesticide applications. Twenty-spotted ladybeetles eat plant pathogenic fungi, which helps to reduce disease severity for many economically important crops. In this study, we applied a systemic insecticide to the roots of pumpkin plants and monitored to see if it would be detectable in the spores of a plant pathogenic fungus and whether the insecticide-tainted fungal spores would hurt the ladybeetle larvae. We were able to chemically detect the systemic insecticide in the fungal spores up to 21 days after the plants had been treated with the fungus. We found that the ladybeetles raised on infected plants that had been treated with the systemic insecticide died more rapidly that ladybeetles that had been raised on uninfected or untreated plants. This study is the first to show that systemic insecticides can move from the roots of a plant, into a plant pathogenic fungus, and then have negative effects on a fungus-eating insect. It suggests that growers and land managers need to carefully consider the unintended consequences of insecticide applications. Abstract Applications of systemic pesticides can have unexpected direct and indirect effects on nontarget organisms, producing ecosystem-level impacts. We investigated whether a systemic insecticide (imidacloprid) could be absorbed by a plant pathogenic fungus infecting treated plants and whether the absorbed levels were high enough to have detrimental effects on the survival of a mycophagous beetle. Beetle larvae fed on these fungi were used to assess the survival effects of powdery mildew and imidacloprid in a factorial design. Fungal conidia were collected from treated and untreated plants and were tested for the presence and concentration of imidacloprid. The survival of beetles fed powdery mildew from imidacloprid-treated leaves was significantly lower than that of the beetles from all other treatments. Imidacloprid accumulated in fungal conidia and hyphae was detected at levels considered lethal to other insects, including coccinellid beetles. Water-soluble systemic insecticides may disrupt mycophagous insects as well as other nontarget organisms, with significant implications for biodiversity and ecosystem function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin A. Choudhury
- School of Earth, Environmental, and Marine Sciences, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX 78539, USA;
| | - Andrew M. Sutherland
- University of California Cooperative Extension, Alameda County, Hayward, CA 94544, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Matt J. Hengel
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA;
| | - Michael P. Parrella
- Department of Entomology, Plant Pathology and Nematology, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA;
| | - W. Douglas Gubler
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA;
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29
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Thompson DA, Lehmler HJ, Kolpin DW, Hladik ML, Vargo JD, Schilling KE, LeFevre GH, Peeples TL, Poch MC, LaDuca LE, Cwiertny DM, Field RW. A critical review on the potential impacts of neonicotinoid insecticide use: current knowledge of environmental fate, toxicity, and implications for human health. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2020; 22:1315-1346. [PMID: 32267911 DOI: 10.1039/c9em00586b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Neonicotinoid insecticides are widely used in both urban and agricultural settings around the world. Historically, neonicotinoid insecticides have been viewed as ideal replacements for more toxic compounds, like organophosphates, due in part to their perceived limited potential to affect the environment and human health. This critical review investigates the environmental fate and toxicity of neonicotinoids and their metabolites and the potential risks associated with exposure. Neonicotinoids are found to be ubiquitous in the environment, drinking water, and food, with low-level exposure commonly documented below acceptable daily intake standards. Available toxicological data from animal studies indicate possible genotoxicity, cytotoxicity, impaired immune function, and reduced growth and reproductive success at low concentrations, while limited data from ecological or cross-sectional epidemiological studies have identified acute and chronic health effects ranging from acute respiratory, cardiovascular, and neurological symptoms to oxidative genetic damage and birth defects. Due to the heavy use of neonicotinoids and potential for cumulative chronic exposure, these insecticides represent novel risks and necessitate further study to fully understand their risks to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darrin A Thompson
- University of Iowa, College of Public Health, Iowa City, IA, USA. and University of Iowa, Center for Health Effects of Environmental Contamination, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | | | - Dana W Kolpin
- U.S. Geological Survey, Central Midwest Water Science Center, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Michelle L Hladik
- U.S. Geological Survey, California Water Science Center, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - John D Vargo
- State Hygienic Laboratory at the University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | | | - Gregory H LeFevre
- University of Iowa, Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Tonya L Peeples
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Matthew C Poch
- University of Iowa, College of Public Health, Iowa City, IA, USA.
| | - Lauren E LaDuca
- University of Iowa, College of Public Health, Iowa City, IA, USA.
| | - David M Cwiertny
- University of Iowa, Center for Health Effects of Environmental Contamination, Iowa City, IA, USA and University of Iowa, Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - R William Field
- University of Iowa, College of Public Health, Iowa City, IA, USA.
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30
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Optimization of QuEChERS Method for Simultaneous Determination of Neonicotinoid Residues in Pollinator Forage. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25122732. [PMID: 32545582 PMCID: PMC7355641 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25122732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Consistent with the large-scale use of pesticide seed treatments in U.S. field crop production, there has been an increased use of neonicotinoid-treated corn and soybean seed over the past decade. Neonicotinoids can move downwind to adjacent off-field pollinator habitats in dust from planting and/or move downslope to habitats in surface water. The extent of potential neonicotinoid exposure to pollinators from neonicotinoid movement into these adjacent pollinator habitats is unclear. Pollen and leaf tissue extractions were completed using a quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) extraction procedure. Samples were subjected to a clean-up step using dispersive solid-phase extraction (dSPE) techniques prior to analysis. The compounds in the extracts were separated on a reversed-phase column with gradient elution and confirmed with tandem mass spectrometry. The extraction method showed acceptable recoveries of analytes ranging from 78.4 to 93.6% and 89.4 to 101% for leaf tissue and pollen, respectively. The method’s detection limits ranged from 0.04 to 0.3 ng/g in milkweed leaf tissue and 0.04 to 1.0 ng/g in pollen. The method is currently being employed in ongoing studies surveying pollen from a diversity of forbs and milkweed leaves obtained from habitat patches established within fields with a history of using neonicotinoid-treated seeds.
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31
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Barraud A, Vanderplanck M, Nadarajah S, Michez D. The impact of pollen quality on the sensitivity of bumblebees to pesticides. ACTA OECOLOGICA 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.actao.2020.103552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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32
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Monitoring the Field-Realistic Exposure of Honeybee Colonies to Neonicotinoids by An Integrative Approach: A Case Study in Romania. DIVERSITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/d12010024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Honeybees (Apis mellifera L.) are excellent biosensors that can be managed to collect valuable information about environmental contamination. The main objective of the present study was to design and apply an integrative protocol to monitor honeybee colony activity and sample collection by using electronic technologies combined with classical methods in order to evaluate the exposure of honeybees to the neonicotinoids that are used in melliferous intensive crops. The monitored honeybee colonies were especially prepared and equipped to maximize their chances to collect representative samples in order to express, as well as possible, the pesticide residues that existed in the targeted crops. The samples of honey, pollen and honeybees were collected, preserved and prepared to fulfill the required quality and quantity criteria of the accredited laboratories. In total, a set of fifty samples was collected from fields, located in different areas of intensive agriculture in Romania, and was analyzed for five neonicotinoids. The obtained results show that 48% of the total analyzed samples (n = 50) contained one or more detected or quantified neonicotinoid residues. The main conclusion is that the proposed approach for sample collection and preparation could improve the evaluation methodologies for analyzing honeybees’ exposure to pesticides.
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Rakotondravelo M, Smitley D, Calabrese E, Ladoni M. Traces of Imidacloprid Induce Hormesis as a Stimulatory Conditioned Response of Sweetpotato Whitefly (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae). ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2019; 48:1418-1424. [PMID: 31630197 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvz121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Our purpose is to determine whether extremely low concentrations of imidacloprid (2-8 ppb) typically found in field soil 1-3 yr after a crop is grown using seed with a standard imidacloprid seed-coating could impact the fitness of whiteflies, Bemisia tabaci Gennadius (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae). Results of our experiments indicate that imidacloprid-resistant whitefly larvae feeding on cotton seedlings growing in soil with 8.0 ppb imidacloprid are conditioned so that when the same individuals feed on plants treated with imidacloprid as adults their fitness, measured as fecundity, increases 30-70% compared with individuals that were not primed as larvae. This conditioning hormesis stimulates resistant whiteflies more than susceptible whiteflies, which may contribute to the selection of resistant populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rakotondravelo
- Department of Entomology, College of Science and Technology University of Antananarivo, Antananarivo, Madagascar
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI
| | - D Smitley
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI
| | - E Calabrese
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA
| | - M Ladoni
- The Climate Corporation, San Francisco, CA
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Pook C, Gritcan I. Validation and application of a modified QuEChERS method for extracting neonicotinoid residues from New Zealand maize field soil reveals their persistence at nominally hazardous concentrations. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 255:113075. [PMID: 31671311 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The widespread use of neonicotinoid insecticides is controversial due to their persistence in the environment and concern for the long-term consequences of their use. We present a simple, low-cost method for the sensitive and efficient extraction from soil of thiamethoxam, clothianidin and imidacloprid, the three neonicotinoid insecticides approved in New Zealand as seed coatings. We have validated this method by applying it to uncontaminated soil samples spiked with environmentally relevant concentrations of the three targets. Absolute recoveries were >80% with instrument detection limits <1 ng g-1 wet soil. We also applied the method to soil samples collected from maize fields in New Zealand's North Island and found imidacloprid in 43 out of 45 samples and clothianidin in every one. Mean imidacloprid concentrations varied from 0.5 to 9.4 ng g-1 (wet weight) and clothianidin from 2.1 to 26.7 ng g-1 (wet weight). Imidacloprid concentrations exceed the New Zealand Environmental Protection Agency's Environmental Exposure Limit of 1 ng g-1 (dry weight) at eight of the nine sites sampled. These results are remarkable because we have detected multiple neonicotinoid residues at every site sampled. Imidacloprid residues appear to persist at significant concentrations at five of our sites from an application at least two years previously. This is only the third study to report the presence of neonicotinoid residues in NZ's environment and the first to show that those residues are persistent in the environment at nominally hazardous concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Pook
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Iana Gritcan
- Auckland University of Technology School of Science, Auckland, New Zealand
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Jacob CRO, Malaquias JB, Zanardi OZ, Silva CAS, Jacob JFO, Yamamoto PT. Oral acute toxicity and impact of neonicotinoids on Apis mellifera L. and Scaptotrigona postica Latreille (Hymenoptera: Apidae). ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2019; 28:744-753. [PMID: 31254187 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-019-02070-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Wild and managed bees are essential for crop pollination and food production. However, the widespread use of insecticides such as neonicotinoids may affect the survival, development, behavior, and maintenance of bee colonies. Therefore, in this study we evaluated the impacts of three neonicotinoid insecticides on the survival and walking abilities of the Africanized honeybee A. mellifera and stingless bee S. postica. A. mellifera was more susceptible than S. postica to all neonicotinoids tested. The median lethal concentrations LC50 values estimated for acetamiprid, imidacloprid, and thiacloprid were 189.62, 22.78, and 142.31 ng µL-1 of diet for A. mellifera, and 475.94, 89.11, and 218.21 ng µL-1 of diet for S. postica, respectively. All tested neonicotinoids affected the speed, distance traveled, duration and frequency of resting, and continuous mobility of both bee species. The results showed that in spite of the different susceptibility to compounds with cyano and nitro radicals, the behavioral variables showed different levels of commitment according to the molecule insecticide and bee species. These results contribute not only to the understanding of the effects of neonicotinoid insecticides on A. mellifera and S. postica, but also to help in the development of protocols that aim to reduce the impact of these insecticides in Neotropical environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia R O Jacob
- Department of Entomology and Acarology, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture/University of São Paulo (ESALQ/USP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, 13418-900, Brazil.
| | - José B Malaquias
- Department of Entomology and Acarology, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture/University of São Paulo (ESALQ/USP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Odimar Z Zanardi
- Department of Entomology, Fund for Citrus Protection (FUNDECITRUS), Araraquara, São Paulo, 14708-040, Brazil
| | - Carina A S Silva
- Department of Entomology and Acarology, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture/University of São Paulo (ESALQ/USP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Jessica F O Jacob
- Department of Entomology and Acarology, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture/University of São Paulo (ESALQ/USP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Pedro T Yamamoto
- Department of Entomology and Acarology, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture/University of São Paulo (ESALQ/USP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, 13418-900, Brazil
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36
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Colin T, Meikle WG, Paten AM, Barron AB. Long-term dynamics of honey bee colonies following exposure to chemical stress. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 677:660-670. [PMID: 31071668 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.04.402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Pesticide residues have been linked to reduced bee health and increased honey bee colony failure. Most research to date has investigated the role of pesticides on individual honey bees, and it is still unclear how trace levels of pesticides change colony viability and productivity over seasonal time scales. To address this question we exposed standard bee colonies to chemical stressors known to have negative effects on individual bees, and measured the productivity of bee colonies across a whole year in two environments: near Tucson Arizona and Sydney Australia. We exposed hives to a trace amount of the neonicotinoid imidacloprid and to the acaricide thymol, and measured capped brood, bee and honey production, as well as the temperature and foraging force of the colonies. The effect of imidacloprid on colony dynamics differed between the two environments. In Tucson we recorded a positive effect of imidacloprid treatment on bee and brood numbers. Thymol was associated with short-term negative effects on bee numbers at both locations, and may have affected colony survival at one location. The overall benefits of thymol for the colonies were unclear. We conclude that long-term and colony-level measures of the effects of agrochemicals are needed to properly understand risks to bees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Théotime Colin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - William G Meikle
- Carl Hayden Bee Research Center, USDA-ARS, Tucson, AZ, United States of America
| | - Amy M Paten
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Andrew B Barron
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Colin T, Meikle WG, Wu X, Barron AB. Traces of a Neonicotinoid Induce Precocious Foraging and Reduce Foraging Performance in Honey Bees. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:8252-8261. [PMID: 31257879 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b02452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
There is increasing worldwide concern about the impacts of pesticide residues on honey bees and bee colony survival, but how sublethal effects of pesticides on bees might cause colony failure remains highly controversial, with field data giving very mixed results. To explore how trace levels of the neonicotinoid pesticide imidacloprid impacted colony foraging performance, we equipped bees with RFID tags that allowed us to track their lifetime flight behavior. One group of bees was exposed to a trace concentration (5 μg/kg, ppb) of imidacloprid in sugar syrup while in the larval stage. The imidacloprid residues caused bees to start foraging when younger as adults and perform fewer orientation flights, and reduced their lifetime foraging flights by 28%. The magnitude of the effects of a trace imidacloprid concentration delivered only during larval stage highlights the severity of pesticide residues for bee foraging performance. Our data suggest that neonicotinoids could impact colony function by imbalancing the normal age based division of labor in a colony and reducing foraging efficiency. Understanding this mechanism will help the development of interventions to safeguard bee colony health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Théotime Colin
- Department of Biological Sciences , Macquarie University , Sydney , New South Wales 2109 , Australia
| | - William G Meikle
- Carl Hayden Bee Research Center, USDA-ARS , Tucson , Arizona 85719 , United States of America
| | - Xiaobo Wu
- Honeybee Research Institute , Jiangxi Agricultural University , Nanchang , Jiangxi 330029 , China
| | - Andrew B Barron
- Department of Biological Sciences , Macquarie University , Sydney , New South Wales 2109 , Australia
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Gierer F, Vaughan S, Slater M, Thompson HM, Elmore JS, Girling RD. A review of the factors that influence pesticide residues in pollen and nectar: Future research requirements for optimising the estimation of pollinator exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 249:236-247. [PMID: 30893636 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the impact of Plant Protection Products (PPPs) on insect pollinator decline has stimulated significant amounts of research, as well as political and public interest. PPP residues have been found in various bee-related matrices, resulting in governmental bodies worldwide releasing guidance documents on methods for the assessment of the overall risk of PPPs to different bee species. An essential part of these risk assessments are PPP residues found in pollen and nectar, as they represent a key route of exposure. However, PPP residue values in these matrices exhibit large variations and are not available for many PPPs and crop species combinations, which results in inaccurate estimations and uncertainties in risk evaluation. Additionally, residue studies on pollen and nectar are expensive and practically challenging. An extrapolation between different cropping scenarios and PPPs is not yet justified, as the behaviour of PPPs in pollen and nectar is poorly understood. Therefore, this review aims to contribute to a better knowledge and understanding of the fate of PPP residues in pollen and nectar and to outline knowledge gaps and future research needs. The literature suggests that four primary factors, the crop type, the application method, the physicochemical properties of a compound and the environmental conditions have the greatest influence on PPP residues in pollen and nectar. However, these factors consist of many sub-factors and initial effects may be disguised by different sampling methodologies, impeding their exact characterisation. Moreover, knowledge about these factors is ambiguous and restricted to a few compounds and plant species. We propose that future research should concentrate on identifying relationships and common features amongst various PPP applications and crops, as well as an overall quantification of the described parameters; in order to enable a reliable estimation of PPP residues in pollen, nectar and other bee matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Gierer
- School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Reading, UK.
| | - Sarah Vaughan
- Syngenta Ltd, Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, Berkshire, UK
| | - Mark Slater
- Syngenta Ltd, Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, Berkshire, UK
| | - Helen M Thompson
- Syngenta Ltd, Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, Berkshire, UK
| | - J Stephen Elmore
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Robbie D Girling
- School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Reading, UK
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39
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Erban T, Sopko B, Talacko P, Harant K, Kadlikova K, Halesova T, Riddellova K, Pekas A. Chronic exposure of bumblebees to neonicotinoid imidacloprid suppresses the entire mevalonate pathway and fatty acid synthesis. J Proteomics 2019; 196:69-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2018.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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40
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Aria M, Sorribes-Soriano A, Jafari M, Nourbakhsh F, Esteve-Turrillas F, Armenta S, Herrero-Martínez J, de la Guardia M. Uptake and translocation monitoring of imidacloprid to chili and tomato plants by molecularly imprinting extraction - ion mobility spectrometry. Microchem J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2018.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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41
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Effects of coumaphos and imidacloprid on honey bee (Hymenoptera: Apidae) lifespan and antioxidant gene regulations in laboratory experiments. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15003. [PMID: 30301926 PMCID: PMC6177410 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33348-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The main objective of this study was to test comparatively the effects of two common insecticides on honey bee Apis mellifera worker’s lifespan, food consumption, mortality, and expression of antioxidant genes. Newly emerged worker bees were exposed to organophosphate insecticide coumaphos, a neonicotinoid imidacloprid, and their mixtures. Toxicity tests were conducted along with bee midgut immunohistological TUNEL analyses. RT-qPCR assessed the regulation of 10 bee antioxidant genes linked to pesticide toxicity. We tested coumaphos at 92,600 ppb concentration, in combination with 5 and 20 ppb imidacloprid. Coumaphos induced significantly higher bee mortality, which was associated with down regulation of catalase compared to coumaphos and imidacloprid (5/20 ppb) mixtures, whereas, both imidacloprid concentrations independently had no effect on bee mortality. Mixture of coumaphos and imidacloprid reduced daily bee consumption of a control food patty to 10 mg from a coumaphos intake of 14.3 mg and 18.4 and 13.7 mg for imidacloprid (5 and 20) ppb, respectively. While coumaphos and imidacloprid mixtures induced down-regulation of antioxidant genes with noticeable midgut tissue damage, imidacloprid induced intensive gene up-regulations with less midgut apoptosis.
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42
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Kumar N, Narayanan N, Gupta S. Application of magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers for extraction of imidacloprid from eggplant and honey. Food Chem 2018; 255:81-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.02.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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43
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Jiang J, Ma D, Zou N, Yu X, Zhang Z, Liu F, Mu W. Concentrations of imidacloprid and thiamethoxam in pollen, nectar and leaves from seed-dressed cotton crops and their potential risk to honeybees (Apis mellifera L.). CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 201:159-167. [PMID: 29524816 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.02.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 02/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Neonicotinoid insecticides (NIs) have recently been recognized as co-factors in the decline of honeybee colonies because most neonicotinoids are systemic and can transfer into the pollen and nectar of many pollinated crops. In this study, we collected pollen, nectar and leaves from a cotton crop treated with imidacloprid and thiamethoxam to measure the residue levels of these two NIs at different application doses during the flowering period. Then, the residual data were used to assess the risk posed by the systemic insecticides to honeybees following mandated methods published by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), and a highly toxic risk to honeybees was highlighted. Imidacloprid was found in both pollen and nectar samples, whereas thiamethoxam was found in 90% of pollen samples and over 60% of nectar samples. Analysis of the pollen and nectar revealed residual amounts of imidacloprid ranging from 1.61 to 64.58 ng g-1 in the pollen and from not detected (ND) to 1.769 ng g-1 in the nectar. By comparison, the thiamethoxam concentrations in pollen and nectar ranged from ND to 14.521 ng g-1 and from ND to 4.285 ng g-1, respectively. The results of this study provide information on the transfer of two NIs from seed treatment to areas of the plant and provides an understanding of the potential exposure of the bee and other pollinators to systemic insecticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangong Jiang
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Dicheng Ma
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Nan Zou
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Xin Yu
- Research Center of Pesticide Environmental Toxicology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018 Shandong, PR China
| | - Zhengqun Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Feng Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Wei Mu
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China.
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Zhang Y, Li R, Fang J, Wang C, Cai Z. Simultaneous determination of eighteen nitro-polyaromatic hydrocarbons in PM 2.5 by atmospheric pressure gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 198:303-310. [PMID: 29421744 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.01.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A new atmospheric pressure gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (APGC-MS/MS) was developed to simultaneously separate, identify and quantify 18 nitro-polyaromatic hydrocarbons (NPAHs) in air fine particulate matter (PM2.5). Compared with traditional negative chemical ionization (NCI) or electron impact ionization (EI)-MS/MS methods, APGC-MS/MS equipped with an atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) source provided better sensitivity and selectivity for NPAHs analysis in PM2.5.18 NPAHs were completely separated, and satisfactory linear response (R2 > 0.99), low instrumental detection limits (0.20-2.18 pg mL-1) and method detection limits (0.001-0.015 pg m-3) were achieved. Due to the reliable performance of the instrument, only minimal sample pretreatment is needed. It ensured the satisfactory method recovery (70%-120%) and qualified repeatability (RSD: 1.1%-17.2%), which met the requirement of trace analysis of NAPHs in the real environmental PM2.5. Using the developed method, the actual PM2.5 samples collected from Taiyuan, China in both summer and winter were analyzed, and 17 NPAHs but 2-nitrofluorene were detected and quantified. According to the obtained NAPH concentration results, the generation mechanism of NPAHs in PM2.5 and the effects on NPAHs formation caused by some ambient air pollutants were preliminarily discussed: secondary photochemical reaction might be the dominant source of NPAHs in PM2.5 collected from Taiyuan in both summer and winter; ambient air pollutants (NO2, SO2, CO) had more contribution on the NPAHs secondary formation of PM2.5 in winter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ruijin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China; Institute of Environmental Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jing Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zongwei Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.
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45
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Arceo-Gómez G, Jameel MI, Ashman TL. Effects of heterospecific pollen from a wind-pollinated and pesticide-treated plant on reproductive success of an insect-pollinated species. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2018; 105:836-841. [PMID: 29799624 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.1090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE OF THE STUDY Studies on the effects of heterospecific pollen (HP) transfer have been focused mainly on insect-pollinated species, despite evidence of insect visitation to wind-pollinated species and transfer of their pollen onto stigmas of insect-pollinated plants. Thus, the potential consequences of HP transfer from wind-pollinated species remain largely unknown. Furthermore, accumulation of pesticide residues in pollen of wind-pollinated crops has been documented, but its potential effects on wild plant species via HP transfer have not been tested. METHODS We evaluated the effect of wind-dispersed Zea mays pollen on pollen tube growth of the insect-pollinated Mimulus nudatus via hand pollinations. We further evaluated whether pesticide-contaminated Z. mays pollen has larger effects on M. nudatus pollen success than non-contaminated Z. mays pollen. KEY RESULTS We found a significant negative effect of Z. mays pollen on M. nudatus pollen tube growth even when deposited in small amounts. However, we did not observe any difference in the magnitude of this effect between pesticide-laden Z. mays pollen and non-contaminated Z. mays pollen. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that wind-pollinated species can have negative effects as HP donors on insect-pollinated recipients. Thus, their role in shaping co-flowering interactions for wind- and insect-pollinated species deserves more attention. Although we did not find evidence that pesticide contamination increased HP effects, we cannot fully rule out the existence of such an effect, because pollen load and thus the pesticide dose applied to stigmas was low. This result should be confirmed using other HP donors and across a range of HP loads, pesticide types, and concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerardo Arceo-Gómez
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15260, USA
| | - Mohammad I Jameel
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15260, USA
| | - Tia-Lynn Ashman
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15260, USA
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Sánchez-Bayo F, Belzunces L, Bonmatin JM. Lethal and sublethal effects, and incomplete clearance of ingested imidacloprid in honey bees (Apis mellifera). ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2017; 26:1199-1206. [PMID: 28831701 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-017-1845-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A previous study claimed a differential behavioural resilience between spring or summer honey bees (Apis mellifera) and bumble bees (Bombus terrestris) after exposure to syrup contaminated with 125 µg L-1 imidacloprid for 8 days. The authors of that study based their assertion on the lack of body residues and toxic effects in honey bees, whereas bumble bees showed body residues of imidacloprid and impaired locomotion during the exposure. We have reproduced their experiment using winter honey bees subject to the same protocol. After exposure to syrup contaminated with 125 µg L-1 imidacloprid, honey bees experienced high mortality rates (up to 45%), had body residues of imidacloprid in the range 2.7-5.7 ng g-1 and exhibited abnormal behaviours (restless, apathetic, trembling and falling over) that were significantly different from the controls. There was incomplete clearance of the insecticide during the 10-day exposure period. Our results contrast with the findings reported in the previous study for spring or summer honey bees, but are consistent with the results reported for the other bee species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Sánchez-Bayo
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Biomedical building, The University of Sydney, Eveleigh, NSW, 2015, Australia.
| | - Luc Belzunces
- INRA, Laboratoire de Toxicologie Environnementale, UR 406 A&E, Avignon, France
| | - Jean-Marc Bonmatin
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, Orléans, 45071, France
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47
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Cartereau A, Martin C, Thany SH. Neonicotinoid insecticides differently modulate acetycholine-induced currents on mammalian α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 175:1987-1998. [PMID: 28853147 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2017] [Revised: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Neonicotinoid insecticides are described as poor agonists of mammalian nicotinic ACh receptors. In this paper, we show that their effects on mammalian nicotinic receptors differ between compounds. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Two-electrode voltage-clamp electrophysiology was used to characterize the pharmacology of three neonicotinoid insecticides on nicotinic α7 receptors expressed in Xenopus oocytes. Single and combined application of clothianidin, acetamiprid and thiamethoxam were tested. RESULTS Two neonicotinoid insecticides, clothianidin and acetamiprid, were partial agonists of mammalian neuronal α7 nicotinic receptors, whereas another neonicotinoid insecticide, thiamethoxam, which is converted to clothianidin in insect and plant tissues, had no effect. Pretreatment with clothianidin and acetamiprid (10 μM) ACh significantly enhanced the subsequent currents evoked by ACh (100 μM ) whereas pretreatment with thiamethoxam (10 μM) reduced ACh-induced current amplitudes.A combination of the three neonicotinoids decreased the ACh-evoked currents. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The present findings suggest that neonicotinoid insecticides differ markedly in their direct effects on mammalian α7 nicotinic ACh receptors and can also modulate ACh-induced currents. Furthermore, our data indicate a previously unknown modulation of mammalian α7 nicotinic receptors by a combination of clothianidin, acetamiprid and thiamethoxam. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v175.11/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Cartereau
- LBLGC, UPRES EA 1207-USC INRA 1328, Université d'Orléans, Orléans, France
| | - Carine Martin
- LBLGC, UPRES EA 1207-USC INRA 1328, Université d'Orléans, Orléans, France
| | - Steeve H Thany
- LBLGC, UPRES EA 1207-USC INRA 1328, Université d'Orléans, Orléans, France
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Friol PS, Catae AF, Tavares DA, Malaspina O, Roat TC. Can the exposure of Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera, Apiadae) larvae to a field concentration of thiamethoxam affect newly emerged bees? CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 185:56-66. [PMID: 28686887 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.06.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The use of insecticides on crops can affect non-target insects, such as bees. In addition to the adult bees, larvae can be exposed to the insecticide through contaminated floral resources. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the possible effects of the exposure of A. mellifera larvae to a field concentration of thiamethoxam (0.001 ng/μL thiamethoxam) on larval and pupal survival and on the percentage of adult emergence. Additionally, its cytotoxic effects on the digestive cells of midgut, Malpighian tubules cells and Kenyon cells of the brain of newly emerged A. mellifera bees were analyzed. The results showed that larval exposure to this concentration of thiamethoxam did not influence larval and pupal survival or the percentage of adult bee emergence. However, this exposure caused ultra-structural alterations in the target and non-target organs of newly emerged bees. The digestive cell of bees that were exposed to the insecticide exhibited a basal labyrinth without long and thin channels and compromised mitochondria. In Malpighian tubules cells, disorganized basal labyrinth, dilated mitochondria with a deformed shape and a loss of cristae, and disorganized microvilli were observed. The results showed that the exposed bees presented Kenyon cells with alterations in the nucleus and mitochondria. These alterations indicate possible tissue degeneration, demonstrating the cytotoxicity of thiamethoxam in the target and non-target organs of newly emerged bees. Such results suggest cellular organelle impairment that can compromise cellular function of the midgut cells, Malpighian tubules cells and Kenyon cells, and, consequently, can compromise the longevity of the bees of the whole colony.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Sepúlveda Friol
- UNESP - Univ. Estadual Paulista, campus de Rio Claro, Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Estudos de Insetos Sociais, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil.
| | - Aline Fernanda Catae
- UNESP - Univ. Estadual Paulista, campus de Rio Claro, Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Estudos de Insetos Sociais, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil.
| | - Daiana Antonia Tavares
- UNESP - Univ. Estadual Paulista, campus de Rio Claro, Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Estudos de Insetos Sociais, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil.
| | - Osmar Malaspina
- UNESP - Univ. Estadual Paulista, campus de Rio Claro, Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Estudos de Insetos Sociais, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil.
| | - Thaisa Cristina Roat
- UNESP - Univ. Estadual Paulista, campus de Rio Claro, Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Estudos de Insetos Sociais, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil.
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Ong SQ, Ab Majid AH, Ahmad H. Insecticide Residues on Poultry Manures: Field Efficacy Test on Selected Insecticides in Managing Musca Domestica Population. Trop Life Sci Res 2017; 28:45-55. [PMID: 28890760 PMCID: PMC5584836 DOI: 10.21315/tlsr2017.28.2.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, bifenthrin (Maxxthor SC, Ensystex Australasia Pty Ltd), imidacloprid (Prothor SC, Ensystex Australasia Pty Ltd) and fipronil (Regent®50SC, Bayer) were applied on the natural infest manures according to the manufacturer rate during a broiler breeding cycle. Solvent direct-immersion extraction (SDIE) was used in detecting the target compound and later, quantification of the insecticide residues in field condition was investigated. The samples were prior cleaned up by solid-phase extraction (SPE) and analysed by Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography (UPLC) – photodiode array (PDA) system. In the field trial, three insecticides were showed accumulation during the broiler breeding period and it is suggested that they acted as adulticides when applied on the poultry manures, this is supported by the significant correlation between the increment of insecticide residues to the reduction percentage of adult flies (<0.05). Fipronil showed significantly greater reduction on the adult fly compared to the other insecticides, in which the reduction rate compared to control population at the end of the broiler breeding period; fipronil, imidaclopril and bifenthrin reduced 51.51%, 28.30% and 30.84% of adult flies, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song-Quan Ong
- Household & Structural Urban Entomology Laboratory, Vector Control Research Unit, School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Abdul Hafiz Ab Majid
- Household & Structural Urban Entomology Laboratory, Vector Control Research Unit, School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Hamdan Ahmad
- Household & Structural Urban Entomology Laboratory, Vector Control Research Unit, School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
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Simon-Delso N, San Martin G, Bruneau E, Delcourt C, Hautier L. The challenges of predicting pesticide exposure of honey bees at landscape level. Sci Rep 2017; 7:3801. [PMID: 28630412 PMCID: PMC5476569 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03467-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the risks of pesticides for pollinators, we must not only evaluate their toxicity but also understand how pollinators are exposed to these xenobiotics in the field. We focused on this last point and modeled honey bee exposure to pesticides at the landscape level. Pollen pellet samples (n = 60) from 40 Belgian apiaries were collected from late July to October 2011 and underwent palynological and pesticide residue analyses. Areas of various crops around each apiary were measured at 4 spatial scales. The most frequently detected pesticides were the fungicides boscalid (n = 19, 31.7%) and pyrimethanil (n = 10, 16.7%) and the insecticide dimethoate (n = 10, 16.7%). We were able to predict exposure probability for boscalid and dimethoate by using broad indicators of cropping intensity, but it remained difficult to identify the precise source of contamination (e.g. specific crops in which the use of the pesticide is authorized). For pyrimethanil, we were not able to build any convincing landscape model that could explain the contamination. Our results, combined with the late sampling period, strongly suggest that pesticides applied to crops unattractive to pollinators, and therefore considered of no risk for them, may be sources of exposure through weeds, drift to neighboring plants, or succeeding crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noa Simon-Delso
- Beekeeping Research and Information Centre (CARI), Place Croix du Sud 1, Bte L7.04.01 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
| | - Gilles San Martin
- Walloon Agricultural Research Centre, Life Sciences Department, Plant Protection and Ecotoxicology Unit, Rue de Liroux, 2, B-5030, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Etienne Bruneau
- Beekeeping Research and Information Centre (CARI), Place Croix du Sud 1, Bte L7.04.01 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Christine Delcourt
- Beekeeping Research and Information Centre (CARI), Place Croix du Sud 1, Bte L7.04.01 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Louis Hautier
- Walloon Agricultural Research Centre, Life Sciences Department, Plant Protection and Ecotoxicology Unit, Rue de Liroux, 2, B-5030, Gembloux, Belgium
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