1
|
Lee CH, Kim JT, Jeong DW, Lee SH, Kim Y, Han SH, Shin M, Chung TD. Photothermal Enhancement of Ion Current for Red Blood Cell Flow Cytometry. Anal Chem 2024; 96:14178-14185. [PMID: 39169664 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c02381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Blood cell counting typically requires complex machinery. Flow cytometers used for this purpose involve precise optical alignment, costly detectors, and pretreatment with fluorescent labels. Coulter countertype devices, which monitor ion current, are simpler. However, conventional Coulter counters provide only information about size, making it impossible to distinguish similarly sized lymphocytes from red blood cells (RBCs). Inspired by the fact that RBCs have an exceptionally high propensity to absorb light and convert it to heat, i.e., photothermal effect, this study proposes integrating photothermal phenomena into a microfluidic Coulter counting chip. Photothermal heat selectively amplifies the ion current from RBCs over other components including lymphocytes. The combination of ion current monitoring and the photothermal effect for RBC counting suggests an evolution toward versatile flow cytometers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chang Heon Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Tae Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Won Jeong
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hyun Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonhee Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Hee Han
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeongsik Shin
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Taek Dong Chung
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Electrochemistry Laboratory, Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Suwon-Si, Gyeonggi-do 16229, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Recent advances in non-optical microfluidic platforms for bioparticle detection. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 222:114944. [PMID: 36470061 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The effective analysis of the basic structure and functional information of bioparticles are of great significance for the early diagnosis of diseases. The synergism between microfluidics and particle manipulation/detection technologies offers enhanced system integration capability and test accuracy for the detection of various bioparticles. Most microfluidic detection platforms are based on optical strategies such as fluorescence, absorbance, and image recognition. Although optical microfluidic platforms have proven their capabilities in the practical clinical detection of bioparticles, shortcomings such as expensive components and whole bulky devices have limited their practicality in the development of point-of-care testing (POCT) systems to be used in remote and underdeveloped areas. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop cost-effective non-optical microfluidic platforms for bioparticle detection that can act as alternatives to optical counterparts. In this review, we first briefly summarise passive and active methods for bioparticle manipulation in microfluidics. Then, we survey the latest progress in non-optical microfluidic strategies based on electrical, magnetic, and acoustic techniques for bioparticle detection. Finally, a perspective is offered, clarifying challenges faced by current non-optical platforms in developing practical POCT devices and clinical applications.
Collapse
|
3
|
Wang Y, Chen D, Guo X. Cell density detection based on a microfluidic chip with two electrode pairs. Biotechnol Lett 2022; 44:1301-1311. [PMID: 36088497 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-022-03294-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Cell density detection is usually the counting of cells in certain volume of liquid, which is an important process in biological and medical fields. The Coulter counting method is an important method for biological cell detection and counting. In this paper, a microfluidic chip based on two electrode pairs is designed, which uses the Coulter principle to detect the flow rate of liquid and count the cells, and then calculate the cell density. When the cell passes through the sensor channel formed by the electrode pair on the chip, the impedance will change between the electrodes. This phenomenon has been proved by experiments. The designed chip has the advantages of simple structure, small size and low manufacturing cost. The cell density detection method proposed in this article is of great significance to the research in the field of biological cell detection and development of related medical devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongliang Wang
- College of Information Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Danni Chen
- College of Information Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Xiaoliang Guo
- College of Information Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China.
- School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kim B, Yao W, Rhie JW, Chun H. Microfluidic Potentiometric Cytometry for Size-Selective Micro Dispersion Analysis. BIOCHIP JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13206-022-00083-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
5
|
Lee CH, Seok H, Jang W, Kim JT, Park G, Kim HU, Rho J, Kim T, Chung TD. Bioaerosol monitoring by integrating DC impedance microfluidic cytometer with wet-cyclone air sampler. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 192:113499. [PMID: 34311208 PMCID: PMC8275843 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The recent outbreak of COVID-19 has highlighted the seriousness of airborne diseases and the need for a proper pathogen detection system. Compared to the ample amount of research on biological detection, work on integrated devices for air monitoring is rare. In this work, we integrated a wet-cyclone air sampler and a DC impedance microfluidic cytometer to build a cyclone-cytometer integrated air monitor (CCAM). The wet-cyclone air sampler sucks the air and concentrates the bioaerosols into 10 mL of aqueous solvent. After 5 min of air sampling, the bioaerosol-containing solution was conveyed to the microfluidic cytometer for detection. The device was tested with aerosolized microbeads, dust, and Escherichia coli (E. coli). CCAM is shown to differentiate particles from 0.96 to 2.95 μm with high accuracy. The wet cyclone air-sampler showed a 28.04% sampling efficiency, and the DC impedance cytometer showed 87.68% detection efficiency, giving a total of 24.59% overall CCAM efficiency. After validation of the device performance, CCAM was used to detect bacterial aerosols and their viability without any separate pretreatment step. Differentiation of dust, live E. coli, and dead E. coli was successfully performed by the addition of BacLight bacterial viability reagent in the sampling solvent. The usage could be further extended to detection of specific species with proper antibody fluorescent label. A promising strategy for aerosol detection is proposed through the constructive integration of a DC impedance microfluidic cytometer and a wet-cyclone air sampler.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chang Heon Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunho Seok
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Woohyuk Jang
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Tae Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Geunsang Park
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeong-U Kim
- Plasma Engineering Laboratory, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials, Daejeon, 32103, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihun Rho
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Taesung Kim
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea; School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
| | - Taek Dong Chung
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhu S, Zhang X, Zhou Z, Han Y, Xiang N, Ni Z. Microfluidic impedance cytometry for single-cell sensing: Review on electrode configurations. Talanta 2021; 233:122571. [PMID: 34215067 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Single-cell analysis has gained considerable attention for disease diagnosis, drug screening, and differentiation monitoring. Compared to the well-established flow cytometry, which uses fluorescent-labeled antibodies, microfluidic impedance cytometry (MIC) offers a simple, label-free, and noninvasive method for counting, classifying, and monitoring cells. Superior features including a small footprint, low reagent consumption, and ease of use have also been reported. The MIC device detects changes in the impedance signal caused by cells passing through the sensing/electric field zone, which can extract information regarding the size, shape, and dielectric properties of these cells. According to recent studies, electrode configuration has a remarkable effect on detection accuracy, sensitivity, and throughput. With the improvement in microfabrication technology, various electrode configurations have been reported for improving detection accuracy and throughput. However, the various electrode configurations of MIC devices have not been reviewed. In this review, the theoretical background of the impedance technique for single-cell analysis is introduced. Then, two-dimensional, three-dimensional, and liquid electrode configurations are discussed separately; their sensing mechanisms, fabrication processes, advantages, disadvantages, and applications are also described in detail. Finally, the current limitations and future perspectives of these electrode configurations are summarized. The main aim of this review is to offer a guide for researchers on the ongoing advancement in electrode configuration designs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shu Zhu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, And Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Xiaozhe Zhang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, And Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Zheng Zhou
- School of Mechanical Engineering, And Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Yu Han
- School of Mechanical Engineering, And Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Nan Xiang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, And Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China.
| | - Zhonghua Ni
- School of Mechanical Engineering, And Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Qureshi A, Niazi JH. Biosensors for detecting viral and bacterial infections using host biomarkers: a review. Analyst 2020; 145:7825-7848. [DOI: 10.1039/d0an00896f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A schematic diagram showing multiple modes of biosensing platforms for the diagnosis of bacterial or viral infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anjum Qureshi
- Sabanci University
- SUNUM Nanotechnology Research and Application Center
- Tuzla 34956
- Turkey
| | - Javed H. Niazi
- Sabanci University
- SUNUM Nanotechnology Research and Application Center
- Tuzla 34956
- Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Vembadi A, Menachery A, Qasaimeh MA. Cell Cytometry: Review and Perspective on Biotechnological Advances. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2019; 7:147. [PMID: 31275933 PMCID: PMC6591278 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell identification and enumeration are essential procedures within clinical and research laboratories. For over 150 years, quantitative investigation of body fluids such as counts of various blood cells has been an important tool for diagnostic analysis. With the current evolution of point-of-care diagnostics and precision medicine, cheap and precise cell counting technologies are in demand. This article reviews the timeline and recent notable advancements in cell counting that have occurred as a result of improvements in sensing including optical and electrical technology, enhancements in image processing capabilities, and contributions of micro and nanotechnologies. Cell enumeration methods have evolved from the use of manual counting using a hemocytometer to automated cell counters capable of providing reliable counts with high precision and throughput. These developments have been enabled by the use of precision engineering, micro and nanotechnology approaches, automation and multivariate data analysis. Commercially available automated cell counters can be broadly classified into three categories based on the principle of detection namely, electrical impedance, optical analysis and image analysis. These technologies have many common scientific uses, such as hematological analysis, urine analysis and bacterial enumeration. In addition to commercially available technologies, future technological trends using lab-on-a-chip devices have been discussed in detail. Lab-on-a-chip platforms utilize the existing three detection technologies with innovative design changes utilizing advanced nano/microfabrication to produce customized devices suited to specific applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Vembadi
- Division of Engineering, New York University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Anoop Menachery
- Division of Engineering, New York University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohammad A. Qasaimeh
- Division of Engineering, New York University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, New York University Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, NY, United States
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Chun H. Electropreconcentration, gate injection, and capillary electrophoresis separation on a microchip. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1572:179-186. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.08.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2018] [Revised: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
10
|
Chun H. Integration of electropreconcentration and electrospray ionization in a microchip. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1543:67-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Revised: 02/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
11
|
Chun H, Dennis PJ, Ferguson Welch ER, Alarie JP, Jorgenson JW, Ramsey JM. Development of a conductivity-based photothermal absorbance detection microchip using polyelectrolytic gel electrodes. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1523:140-147. [PMID: 28668370 PMCID: PMC5675820 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.06.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2017] [Revised: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The development and application of polyelectrolytic gel electrodes (PGEs) for a microfluidic photothermal absorbance detection system is described. The PGEs are used to measure changes in conductivity based on heat generation by analytes absorbing light and changing the solution viscosity. The PGEs are suitable for direct contact conductivity measurements since they do not degrade with exposure to high electric fields. Both a 2-electrode system with DC voltages and a 3-electrode system with AC voltages were investigated. Experimental factors including excitation voltage, excitation frequency, laser modulation frequency, laser power, and path length were tested. The limits of detection for the 3-electrode and 2-electrode systems are 500nM and 0.55nM for DABSYL-tagged glucosamine, respectively. In addition, an electrokinetic separation of a potassium, DABSYL-tagged glucosamine, Rhodamine 6G, and Rhodamine B mixture was demonstrated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Honggu Chun
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapman Hall, CB#3216, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Korea University, Hana Science Hall 466, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Patty J Dennis
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapman Hall, CB#3216, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States
| | - Erin R Ferguson Welch
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapman Hall, CB#3216, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States
| | - Jean Pierre Alarie
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapman Hall, CB#3216, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States
| | - James W Jorgenson
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kenan Laboratories, CB#3290, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States
| | - J Michael Ramsey
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapman Hall, CB#3216, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Rho J, Jang W, Hwang I, Lee D, Lee CH, Chung TD. Multiplex immunoassays using virus-tethered gold microspheres by DC impedance-based flow cytometry. Biosens Bioelectron 2017; 102:121-128. [PMID: 29128714 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2017.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Bead-based multiplex immunoassays for common use require enhanced sensitivity and effective prevention of non-specific adsorption, as well as miniaturization of the detection device. In this work, we have implemented virus-tethered gold microspheres for multiplex immunoassay applications, employing a DC impedance-based flow cytometer as a detection element. The advantages of virus-tethered gold microspheres, including excellent prevention of non-specific adsorption, are extended to signal enhancement arising from the large quantity of antibody loading on each virion, and to flexible movement of filamentous virus. Individual virus-tethered beads generate their own DC impedance and fluorescence signals, which are simultaneously detected by a chip-based microfluidic flow cytometer. This system successfully realized multiplex immunoassays involving four biomarkers: cardiac troponin I (cTnI), prostate specific antigen (PSA), creatine kinase MB (CK-MB), and myoglobin in undiluted human sera, elevating sensitivity by up to 5.7-fold compared to the beads without virus. Constructive integration between filamentous virus-tethered Au-layered microspheres and use of a microfluidic cytometer suggests a promising strategy for competitive multiplex immunoassay development based on suspension arrays.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jihun Rho
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Woohyuk Jang
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Inseong Hwang
- InSol Co., Ltd., Yangjae-daero 85-gil, Gangdong-gu, Seoul 05408, Republic of Korea
| | - Dahye Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Heon Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Taek Dong Chung
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Program in Nano Science and Technology, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon-Si, Gyeonggi-do 16229, Republic of Korea; Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Suwon-Si, Gyeonggi-do 16229, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Tang W, Tang D, Ni Z, Xiang N, Yi H. Microfluidic Impedance Cytometer with Inertial Focusing and Liquid Electrodes for High-Throughput Cell Counting and Discrimination. Anal Chem 2017; 89:3154-3161. [PMID: 28264567 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b04959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we present a novel impedance microcytometer integrated with inertial focusing and liquid electrode techniques for high-throughput cell counting and discrimination. The inertial prefocusing unit orders cells into a determinate train to reduce the possibility of cell adhesions and ensure that only one cell passes through detection region at a time, which improves the accuracy of downstream detection. The liquid electrodes are constructed by inserting Ag/AgCl wires into the electrode chambers filled with flowing highly conductive electrolyte solutions, which have a high detection sensitivity while requiring a simple fabrication process. The effects of main sample flow rate, feed flow rate in electrode chambers, and feed solution type on measured impedance signals are experimentally explored. On the basis of the optimized system, we establish a linear relationship between the amplitude of impedance peaks and the volume of size-calibrated particles and achieve a high detection throughput of ∼5000 cells/s. Finally, using the calibrated microcytometer, we further investigate the size distributions of human breast tumor cells (MCF-7 cells) and leukocytes (white blood cells (WBCs)) and set a threshold amplitude to successfully distinguish the MCF-7 cells spiked in WBCs. Our impedance microcytometer may provide a potential tool for label-free cell enumeration and identification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenlai Tang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, Southeast University , Nanjing, Jiangsu 211189, China
| | - Dezhi Tang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, Southeast University , Nanjing, Jiangsu 211189, China
| | - Zhonghua Ni
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, Southeast University , Nanjing, Jiangsu 211189, China
| | - Nan Xiang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, Southeast University , Nanjing, Jiangsu 211189, China
| | - Hong Yi
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, Southeast University , Nanjing, Jiangsu 211189, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Xu Y, Xie X, Duan Y, Wang L, Cheng Z, Cheng J. A review of impedance measurements of whole cells. Biosens Bioelectron 2016; 77:824-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2015.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2015] [Revised: 10/03/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
15
|
Mei Z, Liu Z, Zhou Z. A compact and low cost microfluidic cell impedance detection system. AIMS BIOPHYSICS 2016. [DOI: 10.3934/biophy.2016.4.596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
|
16
|
Abstract
Iontronics is an emerging technology based on sophisticated control of ions as signal carriers that bridges solid-state electronics and biological system. It is found in nature, e.g., information transduction and processing of brain in which neurons are dynamically polarized or depolarized by ion transport across cell membranes. It suggests the operating principle of aqueous circuits made of predesigned structures and functional materials that characteristically interact with ions of various charge, mobility, and affinity. Working in aqueous environments, iontronic devices offer profound implications for biocompatible or biodegradable logic circuits for sensing, ecofriendly monitoring, and brain-machine interfacing. Furthermore, iontronics based on multi-ionic carriers sheds light on futuristic biomimic information processing. In this review, we overview the historical achievements and the current state of iontronics with regard to theory, fabrication, integration, and applications, concluding with comments on where the technology may advance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Honggu Chun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Korea;
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Sun D, Lu J, Chen Z. Microfluidic contactless conductivity cytometer for electrical cell sensing and counting. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra08371k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An integrated and cost-effective microfluidic contactless conductivity cytometer for cell sensing and counting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Duanping Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou 510006
- China
| | - Jing Lu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou 510006
- China
| | - Zuanguang Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou 510006
- China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Choi H, Jeon CS, Hwang I, Ko J, Lee S, Choo J, Boo JH, Kim HC, Chung TD. A flow cytometry-based submicron-sized bacterial detection system using a movable virtual wall. LAB ON A CHIP 2014; 14:2327-33. [PMID: 24828279 DOI: 10.1039/c4lc00238e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Detection of pathogenic bacteria requires a sensitive, accurate, rapid, and portable device. Given that lethal microbes are of various sizes, bacterial sensors based on DC (direct current) impedance on chips should be equipped with channels with commensurate cross sections. When it comes to counting and interrogation of individual bacteria on a microfluidic chip, very narrow channels are required, which are neither easy nor cost-effective to fabricate. Here, we report a flow cytometry-based submicron-sized bacterial detection system using a movable virtual wall made of a non-conducting fluid. We show that the effective dimension of a microfluidic channel can be adjusted by varying the respective flow rates of a sample solution as well as the liquid wall therein. Using such a virtual wall, we have successfully controlled the channel width and detected submicron-sized Francisella tularensis, a lethal, tularemia-causing bacterium. Since the system is capable of monitoring changes in DC impedance and fluorescence simultaneously, we were also able to discriminate between different types of bacterial mixtures containing F. tularensis and E. coli BL21 that have different gamuts of size distributions. The proposed flow cytometry-based system represents a promising way to detect bacteria including, but not limited to, submicron-sized pathogenic microbes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyoungseon Choi
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University, 28 Yongon-dong, Chongno-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Sukas S, Schreuder E, de Wagenaar B, Swennenhuis J, van den Berg A, Terstappen L, Le Gac S. A novel side electrode configuration integrated in fused silica microsystems for synchronous optical and electrical spectroscopy. LAB ON A CHIP 2014; 14:1821-1825. [PMID: 24756127 DOI: 10.1039/c3lc51433a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We present a novel electrode configuration consisting of coplanar side electrode pairs integrated at the half height of the microchannels for the creation of a homogeneous electric field distribution as well as for synchronous optical and electrical measurements. For the integration of such electrodes in fused silica microsystems, a dedicated microfabrication method was utilized, whereby an intermediate bonding layer was applied to lower the temperature for fusion bonding to avoid thereby metal degradation and subsequently to preserve the electrode structures. Finally, we demonstrate the applicability of our devices with integrated electrodes for single cell electrical lysis and simultaneous fluorescence and impedance measurements for both cell counting and characterization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sertan Sukas
- BIOS - Lab on a Chip group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Shin IH, Kim KJ, Kim J, Kim HC, Chun H. Cation-selective electropreconcentration. LAB ON A CHIP 2014; 14:1811-5. [PMID: 24733115 DOI: 10.1039/c4lc00024b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
A cation-selective microfluidic sample preconcentration system is described. The cation sample was electropreconcentrated using a reversed-direction electroosmotic flow (EOF) and an anion-permselective filter, where an electric double layer (EDL) overlap condition existed. The anion-permselective filter between microchannels was fabricated by three different methods: 1) extending a positively charged, nanoporous, polymer membrane by photopolymerization of poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDADMAC); 2) etching a nanochannel and then coating it with a positively-charged monomer, N-[3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl]-N'-(4-vinylbenzyl)ethylenediamine hydrochloride (TMSVE); and, 3) etching a nanochannel and then coating it with a positively-charged, pre-formed polymer, polyE-323. The EOF direction in the microchannel was reversed by both TMSVE and polyE-323 coatings. The cation-selective preconcentration was investigated using charged fluorescent dyes and tetramethylrhodamine isothiocyanate (TRITC)-tagged peptides/proteins. The preconcentration in the three different systems was compared with respect to efficiency, dependence on buffer concentration and pH, tolerable flow rate, and sample adsorption. Both TMSVE- and polyE-323-coated nanochannels showed robust preconcentration at high flow rates, whereas the PDADMAC membrane maintained anion-permselectivity at higher buffer concentrations. The TMSVE-coated nanochannels showed a more stable preconcentration process, whereas the polyE-323-coated nanochannels showed a lower peptide sample adsorption and robust efficiency under a wide range of buffer pHs. The system described here can potentially be used for the preconcentration of cationic peptides/proteins on microfluidic devices for subsequent analyses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Il Hyung Shin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Seoul National University, 28 Yongon-dong, Chongno-gu, Seoul, South Korea.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Han D, Kim KB, Kim YR, Kim S, Kim HC, Lee J, Kim J, Chung TD. Electrokinetic concentration on a microfluidic chip using polyelectrolytic gel plugs for small molecule immunoassay. Electrochim Acta 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2013.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
|
22
|
Zheng Y, Nguyen J, Wei Y, Sun Y. Recent advances in microfluidic techniques for single-cell biophysical characterization. LAB ON A CHIP 2013; 13:2464-83. [PMID: 23681312 DOI: 10.1039/c3lc50355k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Biophysical (mechanical and electrical) properties of living cells have been proven to play important roles in the regulation of various biological activities at the molecular and cellular level, and can serve as promising label-free markers of cells' physiological states. In the past two decades, a number of research tools have been developed for understanding the association between the biophysical property changes of biological cells and human diseases; however, technical challenges of realizing high-throughput, robust and easy-to-perform measurements on single-cell biophysical properties have yet to be solved. In this paper, we review emerging tools enabled by microfluidic technologies for single-cell biophysical characterization. Different techniques are compared. The technical details, advantages, and limitations of various microfluidic devices are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zheng
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Choi H, Kim KB, Jeon CS, Hwang I, Lee S, Kim HK, Kim HC, Chung TD. A label-free DC impedance-based microcytometer for circulating rare cancer cell counting. LAB ON A CHIP 2013; 13:970-7. [PMID: 23340965 DOI: 10.1039/c2lc41376k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Quantification of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in blood samples is believed to provide valuable evidence of cancer progression, cancer activity status, response to therapy in patients with metastatic cancer, and possible cancer diagnosis. Recently, a number of researchers reported that CTCs tend to lose their epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) by an epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). As such, label-free CTC detection methods are attracting worldwide attention. Here, we describe a label-free DC impedance-based microcytometer for CTCs by exploiting the difference in size between CTCs and blood cells. This system detects changes in DC impedance between two polyelectrolytic gel electrodes (PGEs) under low DC voltages. Using spiked ovarian cancer cell lines (OVCAR-3) in blood as a model system, we were able to count the cells using a microcytometer with 88% efficiency with a flow rate of 13 μl min(-1) without a dilution process. Furthermore, we examined blood samples from breast cancer patients using the cytometer, and detected CTCs in 24 out of 24 patient samples. Thus, the proposed DC impedance-based microcytometer presents a facile and fast way of CTC evaluation regardless of their biomarkers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyoungseon Choi
- Interdisciplinary Program, Bioengineering Major, Seoul National University, 28 Yongon-dong, Chongno-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Park S, Moon HS, Lee DS, Kim HC, Chun H. High-throughput on-chip leukemia diagnosis. Int J Lab Hematol 2013; 35:480-90. [PMID: 23414350 DOI: 10.1111/ijlh.12054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2012] [Accepted: 12/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Advances in lab-on-a-chip technologies enabled programmable, reconfigurable, and scalable manipulation of a variety of laboratory procedures. Samples, reagents, and fluids can be precisely controlled; buffer temperature, pH, and concentration control systems as well as a variety of detection systems can be integrated on a small chip. These advantages have attracted attention in various fields of clinical application including leukemia diagnosis and research. A lot of research on lab-on-a-chip based diagnosis has been reported and the field is rapidly expanding. This review describes recent developments of lab-on-a-chip technologies as solutions to challenges for high-throughput leukemia diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Park
- Interdisciplinary Program, Bioengineering Major, Graduate School, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Kim J, Kim EG, Bae S, Kwon S, Chun H. Potentiometric Multichannel Cytometer Microchip for High-throughput Microdispersion Analysis. Anal Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ac302905x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junhoi Kim
- Department of Electrical
Engineering and Computer Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-744, Korea
- Inter-university Semiconductor
Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - Eun-Geun Kim
- Department of Electrical
Engineering and Computer Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-744, Korea
- Quantamatrix Inc., Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - Sangwook Bae
- Interdisciplinary
Program for Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - Sunghoon Kwon
- Department of Electrical
Engineering and Computer Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-744, Korea
- Inter-university Semiconductor
Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
- Quantamatrix Inc., Seoul 151-742, Korea
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute
for Basic Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - Honggu Chun
- Department of Biomedical
Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 136-703, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Kang CM, Joo S, Bae JH, Kim YR, Kim Y, Chung TD. In-Channel Electrochemical Detection in the Middle of Microchannel under High Electric Field. Anal Chem 2011; 84:901-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ac2016322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chung Mu Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, Korea
| | - Segyeong Joo
- Department of Medical Engineering,
Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 138-736, Korea
| | - Je Hyun Bae
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, Korea
| | - Yang-Rae Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, Korea
| | - Yongseong Kim
- Department
of Science Education, Kyungnam University, Masan 631-701, Korea
| | - Taek Dong Chung
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Gou HL, Zhang XB, Bao N, Xu JJ, Xia XH, Chen HY. Label-free electrical discrimination of cells at normal, apoptotic and necrotic status with a microfluidic device. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:5725-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.06.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2011] [Revised: 06/21/2011] [Accepted: 06/26/2011] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
|
28
|
Abstract
A biosensor is a sensing device that incorporates a biological sensing element and a transducer to produce electrochemical, optical, mass, or other signals in proportion to quantitative information about the analytes in the given samples. The microfluidic chip is an attractive miniaturized platform with valuable advantages, e.g., low cost analysis requiring low reagent consumption, reduced sample volume, and shortened processing time. Combination of biosensors and microfluidic chips enhances analytical capability so as to widen the scope of possible applications. This review provides an overview of recent research activities in the field of biosensors integrated on microfluidic chips, focusing on the working principles, characteristics, and applicability of the biosensors. Theoretical background and applications in chemical, biological, and clinical analysis are summarized and discussed.
Collapse
|
29
|
Noh JM, Park SJ, Kim HC, Chung TD. Disposable Solid-State pH Sensor Using Nanoporous Platinum and Copolyelectrolytic Junction. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2010. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2010.31.11.3128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
30
|
Cheung KC, Di Berardino M, Schade-Kampmann G, Hebeisen M, Pierzchalski A, Bocsi J, Mittag A, Tárnok A. Microfluidic impedance-based flow cytometry. Cytometry A 2010; 77:648-66. [PMID: 20583276 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.20910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Microfabricated flow cytometers can detect, count, and analyze cells or particles using microfluidics and electronics to give impedance-based characterization. Such systems are being developed to provide simple, low-cost, label-free, and portable solutions for cell analysis. Recent work using microfabricated systems has demonstrated the capability to analyze micro-organisms, erythrocytes, leukocytes, and animal and human cell lines. Multifrequency impedance measurements can give multiparametric, high-content data that can be used to distinguish cell types. New combinations of microfluidic sample handling design and microscale flow phenomena have been used to focus and position cells within the channel for improved sensitivity. Robust designs will enable focusing at high flowrates while reducing requirements for control over multiple sample and sheath flows. Although microfluidic impedance-based flow cytometers have not yet or may never reach the extremely high throughput of conventional flow cytometers, the advantages of portability, simplicity, and ability to analyze single cells in small populations are, nevertheless, where chip-based cytometry can make a large impact.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karen C Cheung
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
McPherson AL, Walker GM. A Microfluidic Passive Pumping Coulter Counter. MICROFLUIDICS AND NANOFLUIDICS 2010; 9:897-904. [PMID: 23930109 PMCID: PMC3735229 DOI: 10.1007/s10404-010-0609-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A microfluidic device using on-chip passive pumping was characterized for use as a particle counter. Flow occurred due to a Young-Laplace pressure gradient between two 1.2 mm diameter inlets and a 4 mm diameter reservoir when 0.5μ L fluid droplets were applied to the inlets using a micropipette. Polystyrene particles (10μm diameter) were enumerated using the resistive pulse technique. Particle counts using passive pumping were within 13% of counts from a device using syringe pumping. All pumping methods produced particle counts that were within 16% of those obtained with a hemocytometer. The effect of intermediate wash steps on particle counts within the passive pumping device was determined. Zero, one, or two wash droplets were loaded after the first of two sample droplets. No statistical difference was detected in the mean particle counts among the loading patterns (p > 0.05). Hydrodynamic focusing using passive pumping was also demonstrated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amy L. McPherson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh & University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, Tel.: 919-513-8253 Fax: 919-513-3814
| | - Glenn M. Walker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh & University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, Tel.: 919-513-4390 Fax: 919-513-3814
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Chun H, Chung TD, Ramsey JM. High yield sample preconcentration using a highly ion-conductive charge-selective polymer. Anal Chem 2010; 82:6287-92. [PMID: 20575520 PMCID: PMC3125590 DOI: 10.1021/ac101297t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The development and analysis of a microfluidic sample preconcentration system using a highly ion-conductive charge-selective polymer [poly-AMPS (2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid)] is reported. The preconcentration is based on the phenomenon of concentration polarization which develops at the boundaries of the poly-AMPS with buffer solutions. A negatively charged polymer, poly-AMPS, positioned between two microchannels efficiently extracts cations through its large cross section, resulting in efficient anion sample preconcentration. The present work includes the development of a robust polymer that is stable over a wide range of buffers with varying chemical compositions. The sample preconcentration effect remains linear to over 3 mM (0.15 pmol) and 500 microM (15 fmol) for fluorescein and TRITC-tagged albumin solutions, respectively. The system can potentially be used for concentrating proteins on microfluidic devices with subsequent analysis for proteomic applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Honggu Chun
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapman Hall, CB#3216, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Taek Dong Chung
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, 599 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-747, Korea
| | - J. Michael Ramsey
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapman Hall, CB#3216, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Joo S, Kim KH, Kim HC, Chung TD. A portable microfluidic flow cytometer based on simultaneous detection of impedance and fluorescence. Biosens Bioelectron 2010; 25:1509-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2009.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2009] [Revised: 11/09/2009] [Accepted: 11/11/2009] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
|
34
|
Kim KB, Chun H, Kim HC, Chung TD. Red blood cell quantification microfluidic chip using polyelectrolytic gel electrodes. Electrophoresis 2009; 30:1464-9. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200800448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
35
|
Electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance study on the two-electrode-system cyclic voltammetric behavior of Prussian blue films. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-008-0094-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
36
|
Abstract
Chemical cytometry, referring to the analysis of the chemical contents in individual cells, has been in intensive study since Kennedy's first work that was published in Science. The early researches relied on fine-tip capillaries to capture the cells and do the analyses, which were lab- and time-intensive and required high skills of operation. The emergence of microfluidics has greatly spurred this research field and a great number of research papers have been published in the last decades. Highly integrated microfluidic chips have been developed to capture multiple single cells, lyse them, perform chemical reactions in enclosed microchambers, separate contents by CE and detect chemical species in individual cells. This review focuses on the development of relevant components and their integration for on-chip chemical cytometry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yan
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Ateya DA, Erickson JS, Howell PB, Hilliard LR, Golden JP, Ligler FS. The good, the bad, and the tiny: a review of microflow cytometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2008; 391:1485-98. [PMID: 18228010 PMCID: PMC2746035 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-007-1827-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2007] [Revised: 12/17/2007] [Accepted: 12/20/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Recent developments in microflow cytometry have concentrated on advancing technology in four main areas: (1) focusing the particles to be analyzed in the microfluidic channel, (2) miniaturization of the fluid-handling components, (3) miniaturization of the optics, and (4) integration and applications development. Strategies for focusing particles in a narrow path as they pass through the detection region include the use of focusing fluids, nozzles, and dielectrophoresis. Strategies for optics range from the use of microscope objectives to polymer waveguides or optical fibers embedded on-chip. While most investigators use off-chip fluidic control, there are a few examples of integrated valves and pumps. To date, demonstrations of applications are primarily used to establish that the microflow systems provide data of the same quality as laboratory systems, but new capabilities-such as automated sample staining-are beginning to emerge. Each of these four areas is discussed in detail in terms of the progress of development, the continuing limitations, and potential future directions for microflow cytometers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A. Ateya
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA, e-mail:
| | - Jeffrey S. Erickson
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA, e-mail:
| | - Peter B. Howell
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA, e-mail:
| | - Lisa R. Hilliard
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA, e-mail:
| | - Joel P. Golden
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA, e-mail:
| | - Frances S. Ligler
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA, e-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Howell PB, Golden JP, Hilliard LR, Erickson JS, Mott DR, Ligler FS. Two simple and rugged designs for creating microfluidic sheath flow. LAB ON A CHIP 2008; 8:1097-103. [PMID: 18584084 PMCID: PMC2751611 DOI: 10.1039/b719381e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
A simple design capable of 2-dimensional hydrodynamic focusing is proposed and successfully demonstrated. In the past, most microfluidic sheath flow systems have often only confined the sample solution on the sides, leaving the top and bottom of the sample stream in contact with the floor and ceiling of the channel. While relatively simple to build, these designs increase the risk of adsorption of sample components to the top and bottom of the channel. A few designs have been successful in completely sheathing the sample stream, but these typically require multiple sheath inputs and several alignment steps. In the designs presented here, full sheathing is accomplished using as few as one sheath input, which eliminates the need to carefully balance the flow of two or more sheath inlets. The design is easily manufactured using current microfabrication techniques. Furthermore, the sample and sheath fluid can be subsequently separated for recapture of the sample fluid or re-use of the sheath fluid. Designs were demonstrated in poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) using soft lithography and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) using micromilling and laser ablation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter B. Howell
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375-5348, USA
| | - Joel P. Golden
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375-5348, USA
| | - Lisa R. Hilliard
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375-5348, USA
| | - Jeffrey S. Erickson
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375-5348, USA
| | - David R. Mott
- Laboratory for Computational Physics and Fluid Dynamics, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA
| | - Frances S. Ligler
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375-5348, USA
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Chun H, Kim HC, Chung TD. Ultrafast active mixer using polyelectrolytic ion extractor. LAB ON A CHIP 2008; 8:764-771. [PMID: 18432347 DOI: 10.1039/b715229a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We report on a low voltage, straight/smooth surface, and efficient active micromixer. The mixing principle is based on alternative ion depletion-enrichment using a pair of positively charged polyelectrolytic gel electrodes (pPGEs), which face each other joined by a microchannel. This system has an external AC signal source electrically connected to the pPGEs via the respective 1 M KCl solutions and Ag/AgCl electrodes. When an electric bias is applied between the two pPGEs, anions are extracted through one of the pPGEs to create a local ion-deficient region. Simultaneously, an ion-rich area appears near the other pPGE due to an inward anionic flux. As the direction of the charge flow is periodically reversed by the AC signal source, the ion depletion-enrichment regions are alternately swapped with each other on the 'push-pull' basis. The turmoil between the pPGEs quickly mixes the solutions in the microchannel without any mechanical moving part or specially machined structures. In the proposed system, both AC frequency and current density can be easily and finely controlled so that one can quickly find the optimal conditions for a given sample. The micromixer as made showed a mixing efficiency higher than 90% for sample solutions of 1 mM Rhodamine 6G and PBS at pH 7.4 when the flow rate was under 6 mm s(-1). In addition to the solution-solution mixing, the micromixer can effectively mix suspended microparticles with solution. As a representative example, rapid and efficient lysis of human red blood cells was demonstrated allowing minimal damage of the white blood cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Honggu Chun
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Bao N, Wang J, Lu C. Recent advances in electric analysis of cells in microfluidic systems. Anal Bioanal Chem 2008; 391:933-42. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-008-1899-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2007] [Revised: 01/14/2008] [Accepted: 01/17/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
41
|
Chung TD, Kim HC. Recent advances in miniaturized microfluidic flow cytometry for clinical use. Electrophoresis 2007; 28:4511-20. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200700620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
42
|
Zheng S, Liu M, Tai YC. Micro coulter counters with platinum black electroplated electrodes for human blood cell sensing. Biomed Microdevices 2007; 10:221-31. [PMID: 17876707 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-007-9128-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrated a novel micro Coulter counter featuring platinum-black electrodes for human blood cell counting application. Two designs of micro Coulter counter were fabricated using two distinct technologies: integrated parylene and soft lithography. Platinum-black enhanced detection in the intermediate frequency range ( approximately 100 Hz to 7 MHz), which is the operation frequency suitable for sensing the cells flowing by the electrodes. A detailed theoretical modeling of the sensing mechanism has been performed for the design of the electrodes, and electrical impedance spectra measurements confirmed the theoretical model. The surface morphology and roughness of the platinum black electroplated surface were characterized by SEM and AFM measurements. Polystyrene beads of various sizes were initially used to validate the operation of the devices, and using excitation frequency of 10 kHz, the signal magnitude was found to be correlated with the volume of the individual bead. Human blood cell sensing was successfully demonstrated with diluted whole blood and leukocyte rich plasma under the same excitation frequency. The histogram of impedance magnitude of the cells matched well with volume distributions of erythrocytes and leukocytes measured by conventional counting techniques. Micro Coulter counters have the advantages of small foot-print, low sample volume, and reduced cost of operation. Further development of the devices can lead to the development of a highly-sensitive and high-throughput handheld blood counting system for point-of-care applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siyang Zheng
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Demierre N, Braschler T, Linderholm P, Seger U, van Lintel H, Renaud P. Characterization and optimization of liquid electrodes for lateral dielectrophoresis. LAB ON A CHIP 2007; 7:355-65. [PMID: 17330167 DOI: 10.1039/b612866a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Using the concept of insulator-based "electrodeless" dielectrophoresis, we present a novel geometry for shaping electric fields to achieve lateral deviation of particles in liquid flows. The field is generated by lateral planar metal electrodes and is guided along access channels to the active area in the main channel. The equipotential surfaces at the apertures of the access channels behave as vertical "liquid" electrodes injecting the current into the main channel. The field between a pair of adjacent liquid electrodes generates the lateral dielectrophoretic force necessary for particle manipulation. We use this force for high-speed deviation of particles. By adding a second pair of liquid electrodes, we focus a particle stream. The position of the focused stream can be swept across the channel by adjusting the ratio of the voltages applied to the two pairs. Based on conformal mapping, we provide an analytical model for estimating the potential at the liquid electrodes and the field distribution in the main channel. We show that the simulated particle trajectories agree with observations. Finally, we show that the model can be used to optimize the device geometry in different applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Demierre
- Laboratory of Microsystems, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Brewster JD. Lattice-Boltzmann Simulations of Three-Dimensional Fluid Flow on a Desktop Computer. Anal Chem 2007; 79:2965-71. [PMID: 17319648 DOI: 10.1021/ac062178v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The lattice-Boltzmann (LB) method is a cellular automaton approach to simulating fluid flow with many advantages over conventional methods based on the Navier-Stokes equations. It is conceptually simple, amenable to a wide array of boundary conditions, and can be adapted to handle thermal, density, miscibility, and other effects. The LB approach has been used to model a number of fluid systems of interest to analytical chemists, including chromatography columns, micromixers, and electroosmotic pumps. However, widespread use of this tool has been limited, in part because virtually all large-scale 3D simulations in the literature have been executed on supercomputers. This work demonstrates that such simulations can be executed in reasonable periods of time (hours) on a desktop computer using a cross-platform software package that is easy to learn and use. This package incorporates several improvements that enhance the utility of the LB approach, including an algorithm for speeding common calculations by 2 orders of magnitude and a scheme for handling convection-diffusion equations of interest in electrochemical and surface reaction studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey D Brewster
- Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Kohlheyer D, Besselink GAJ, Schlautmann S, Schasfoort RBM. Free-flow zone electrophoresis and isoelectric focusing using a microfabricated glass device with ion permeable membranes. LAB ON A CHIP 2006; 6:374-80. [PMID: 16511620 DOI: 10.1039/b514731j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes a microfabricated free-flow electrophoresis device with integrated ion permeable membranes. In order to obtain continuous lanes of separated components an electrical field is applied perpendicular to the sample flow direction. This sample stream is sandwiched between two sheath flow streams, by hydrodynamic focusing. The separation chamber has two open side beds with inserted electrodes to allow ventilation of gas generated during electrolysis. To hydrodynamically isolate the separation compartment from the side electrodes, a photo-polymerizable monomer solution is exposed to UV light through a slit mask for in situ membrane formation. These so-called salt-bridges resist the pressure driven fluid, but allow ion transport to enable electrical connection. In earlier devices the same was achieved by using open side channel arrays. However, only a small fraction of the applied voltage was effectively utilized across the separation chamber during free-flow electrophoresis and free-flow isoelectric focusing. Furthermore, the spreading of the carrier ampholytes into the side channels resulted in a very restricted pH gradient inside the separation chamber. The chip presented here allows at least 10 times more efficient use of the applied potential and a nearly linear pH gradient from pH 3 to 10 during free-flow isoelectric focusing could be established. Furthermore, the application of hydrodynamic focusing in combination with free-flow electrophoresis can be used for guiding the separated components to specific chip outlets. As a demonstration, several standard fluorescent markers were separated and focused by free-flow zone electrophoresis and by free-flow isoelectric focusing employing a transversal voltage of up to 150 V across the separation chamber.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dietrich Kohlheyer
- Biochip Group, MESA+ Research Institute, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500AE Enschede, The Netherlands.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|