1
|
Awchi M, Singh KD, Brenner SB, Burckhardt MA, Hess M, Zeng J, Datta AN, Frey U, Zumsteg U, Szinnai G, Sinues P. Metabolic trajectories of diabetic ketoacidosis onset described by breath analysis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1360989. [PMID: 38752172 PMCID: PMC11094216 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1360989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose This feasibility study aimed to investigate the use of exhaled breath analysis to capture and quantify relative changes of metabolites during resolution of acute diabetic ketoacidosis under insulin and rehydration therapy. Methods Breath analysis was conducted on 30 patients of which 5 with DKA. They inflated Nalophan bags, and their metabolic content was subsequently interrogated by secondary electrospray ionization high-resolution mass spectrometry (SESI-HRMS). Results SESI-HRMS analysis showed that acetone, pyruvate, and acetoacetate, which are well known to be altered in DKA, were readily detectable in breath of participants with DKA. In addition, a total of 665 mass spectral features were found to significantly correlate with base excess and prompt metabolic trajectories toward an in-control state as they progress toward homeostasis. Conclusion This study provides proof-of-principle for using exhaled breath analysis in a real ICU setting for DKA monitoring. This non-invasive new technology provides new insights and a more comprehensive overview of the effect of insulin and rehydration during DKA treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mo Awchi
- University Children’s Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Kapil Dev Singh
- University Children’s Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sara Bachmann Brenner
- University Children’s Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marie-Anne Burckhardt
- University Children’s Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Melanie Hess
- University Children’s Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jiafa Zeng
- University Children’s Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alexandre N. Datta
- University Children’s Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Urs Frey
- University Children’s Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Urs Zumsteg
- University Children’s Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gabor Szinnai
- University Children’s Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Pablo Sinues
- University Children’s Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Feng S, Xiang C, He Y, Li Z, Zhao Z, Liu B, Yin Z, He Q, Yang Y, Huang Z, Lin T, Li W, Duan Y. Assessment of an exhaled breath test using ultraviolet photoionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry for the monitoring of kidney transplant recipients. MOLECULAR BIOMEDICINE 2023; 4:19. [PMID: 37353649 DOI: 10.1186/s43556-023-00130-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Continuous monitoring for immunosuppressive status, infection and complications are a must for kidney transplantation (KTx) recipients. Traditional monitoring including blood sampling and kidney biopsy, which caused tremendous medical cost and trauma. Therefore, a cheaper and less invasive approach was urgently needed. We thought that a breath test has the potential to become a feasible tool for KTx monitoring. A prospective-specimen collection, retrospective-blinded assessment strategy was used in this study. Exhaled breath samples from 175 KTx recipients were collected in West China Hospital and tested by online ultraviolet photoionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UVP-TOF-MS). The classification models based on breath test performed well in classifying normal and abnormal values of creatinine, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and tacrolimus, with AUC values of 0.889, 0.850, 0.849 and 0.889, respectively. Regression analysis also demonstrated the predictive ability of breath test for clinical creatinine, eGFR, BUN, tacrolimus level, as the predicted values obtained from the regression model correlated well with the clinical true values (p < 0.05). The findings of this investigation implied that a breath test by using UVP-TOF-MS for KTx recipient monitoring is possible and accurate, which might be useful for future clinical screenings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shijian Feng
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology, Laboratory of Reconstructive Urology), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Organ Transplantation Center, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengfang Xiang
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, People's Republic of China
| | - Yushi He
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology, Laboratory of Reconstructive Urology), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Organ Transplantation Center, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuoya Li
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongjun Zhao
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, People's Republic of China
| | - Bohan Liu
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology, Laboratory of Reconstructive Urology), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Organ Transplantation Center, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaofa Yin
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology, Laboratory of Reconstructive Urology), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Organ Transplantation Center, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiyu He
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology, Laboratory of Reconstructive Urology), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Organ Transplantation Center, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanting Yang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongli Huang
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology, Laboratory of Reconstructive Urology), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Organ Transplantation Center, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Lin
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology, Laboratory of Reconstructive Urology), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Organ Transplantation Center, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenwen Li
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yixiang Duan
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Xu YS, Ma W, Li J, Huang PW, Sun XM, Huang H. Metal cofactor regulation combined with rational genetic engineering of Schizochytrium sp. for high-yield production of squalene. Biotechnol Bioeng 2023; 120:1026-1037. [PMID: 36522292 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The increasing market demand for squalene requires novel biotechnological production platforms. Schizochytrium sp. is an industrial oleaginous host with a high potential for squalene production due to its abundant native acetyl-CoA pool. We first found that iron starvation led to the accumulation of 1.5 g/L of squalene by Schizochytrium sp., which was 40-fold higher than in the control. Subsequent transcriptomic and lipidomic analyses showed that the high squalene titer is due to the diversion of precursors from lipid biosynthesis and increased triglycerides (TAG) content for squalene storage. Furthermore, we constructed the engineered acetyl-CoA C-acetyltransferase (ACAT)-overexpressing strain 18S::ACAT, which produced 2.79 g/L of squalene, representing an 86% increase over the original strain. Finally, a nitrogen-rich feeding strategy was developed to further increase the squalene titer of the engineered strain, which reached 10.78 g/L in fed-batch fermentation, a remarkable 161-fold increase over the control. To our best knowledge, this is the highest squalene yield in thraustochytrids reported to date.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Shuang Xu
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wang Ma
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jin Li
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Peng-Wei Huang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao-Man Sun
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - He Huang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Geng X, Zhang K, Li H, Da Yong Chen D. Online mass spectrometry of exhaled breath with a modified ambient ion source. Talanta 2023; 255:124254. [PMID: 36634427 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Exhaled breath (EB) may contain metabolites that are closely related to human health conditions. Real time analysis of EB is important to study its true composition, however, it has been difficult. A robust ambient ionization mass spectrometry method using a modified direct analysis in real time (DART) ion source was developed for the online analysis of breath volatiles. The modified DART ion source can provide a confined region for direct sampling, rapid transmission and efficient ionization of exhaled breath. With different sampling methods, offline analysis and near real-time evaluation of exhaled breath were also achieved, and their unique molecular features were characterized. High resolution MS data aided the putative metabolite identification in breath samples, resulting in hundreds of volatile organic compounds being identified in the exhalome. The method was sensitive enough to be used for monitoring the breath feature changes after taking different food and over-the-counter medicine. Quantification was performed for pyridine and valeric acid with fasting and after ingesting different food. The developed method is fast, simple, versatile, and potentially useful for evaluating the true state of human exhaled breath.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Geng
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Geriatric Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China; Department of Gastroenterology, Dongying People's Hospital, Dongying, Shandong, 257091, China
| | - Hongli Li
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - David Da Yong Chen
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China; Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver BC, V6T 1Z1, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Weber R, Streckenbach B, Welti L, Inci D, Kohler M, Perkins N, Zenobi R, Micic S, Moeller A. Online breath analysis with SESI/HRMS for metabolic signatures in children with allergic asthma. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1154536. [PMID: 37065443 PMCID: PMC10102578 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1154536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: There is a need to improve the diagnosis and management of pediatric asthma. Breath analysis aims to address this by non-invasively assessing altered metabolism and disease-associated processes. Our goal was to identify exhaled metabolic signatures that distinguish children with allergic asthma from healthy controls using secondary electrospray ionization high-resolution mass spectrometry (SESI/HRMS) in a cross-sectional observational study.Methods: Breath analysis was performed with SESI/HRMS. Significant differentially expressed mass-to-charge features in breath were extracted using the empirical Bayes moderated t-statistics test. Corresponding molecules were putatively annotated by tandem mass spectrometry database matching and pathway analysis.Results: 48 allergic asthmatics and 56 healthy controls were included in the study. Among 375 significant mass-to-charge features, 134 were putatively identified. Many of these could be grouped to metabolites of common pathways or chemical families. We found several pathways that are well-represented by the significant metabolites, for example, lysine degradation elevated and two arginine pathways downregulated in the asthmatic group. Assessing the ability of breath profiles to classify samples as asthmatic or healthy with supervised machine learning in a 10 times repeated 10-fold cross-validation revealed an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.83.Discussion: For the first time, a large number of breath-derived metabolites that discriminate children with allergic asthma from healthy controls were identified by online breath analysis. Many are linked to well-described metabolic pathways and chemical families involved in pathophysiological processes of asthma. Furthermore, a subset of these volatile organic compounds showed high potential for clinical diagnostic applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ronja Weber
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bettina Streckenbach
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lara Welti
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Demet Inci
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Malcolm Kohler
- Department of Pulmonology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nathan Perkins
- Division of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Renato Zenobi
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Srdjan Micic
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Moeller
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Fu L, Wang L, Wang H, Yang M, Yang Q, Lin Y, Guan S, Deng Y, Liu L, Li Q, He M, Zhang P, Chen H, Deng G. A cross-sectional study: a breathomics based pulmonary tuberculosis detection method. BMC Infect Dis 2023; 23:148. [PMID: 36899314 PMCID: PMC9999612 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08112-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diagnostics for pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) are usually inaccurate, expensive, or complicated. The breathomics-based method may be an attractive option for fast and noninvasive PTB detection. METHOD Exhaled breath samples were collected from 518 PTB patients and 887 controls and tested on the real-time high-pressure photon ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometer. Machine learning algorithms were employed for breathomics analysis and PTB detection mode, whose performance was evaluated in 430 blinded clinical patients. RESULTS The breathomics-based PTB detection model achieved an accuracy of 92.6%, a sensitivity of 91.7%, a specificity of 93.0%, and an AUC of 0.975 in the blinded test set (n = 430). Age, sex, and anti-tuberculosis treatment does not significantly impact PTB detection performance. In distinguishing PTB from other pulmonary diseases (n = 182), the VOC modes also achieve good performance with an accuracy of 91.2%, a sensitivity of 91.7%, a specificity of 88.0%, and an AUC of 0.961. CONCLUSIONS The simple and noninvasive breathomics-based PTB detection method was demonstrated with high sensitivity and specificity, potentially valuable for clinical PTB screening and diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Fu
- Division Two of the Pulmonary Diseases Department, The Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518112, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Breax Laboratory, PCAB Research Center of Breath and Metabolism, Beijing, 100074, China
| | - Haibo Wang
- Peking University Clinical Research Institute, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100000, China
| | - Min Yang
- Division Two of the Pulmonary Diseases Department, The Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518112, China
| | - Qianting Yang
- Institute for Hepatology, The Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518112, China
| | - Yi Lin
- Division Two of the Pulmonary Diseases Department, The Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518112, China
| | - Shanyi Guan
- Medical Examination Department, The Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518112, China
| | - Yongcong Deng
- Pulmonary Diseases Out-Patient Department, The Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518112, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Division Two of the Pulmonary Diseases Department, The Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518112, China
| | - Qingyun Li
- Breax Laboratory, PCAB Research Center of Breath and Metabolism, Beijing, 100074, China
| | - Mengqi He
- Breax Laboratory, PCAB Research Center of Breath and Metabolism, Beijing, 100074, China
| | - Peize Zhang
- Division Two of the Pulmonary Diseases Department, The Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518112, China.
| | - Haibin Chen
- Breax Laboratory, PCAB Research Center of Breath and Metabolism, Beijing, 100074, China.
| | - Guofang Deng
- Division Two of the Pulmonary Diseases Department, The Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518112, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Xie Z, Morris JD, Mattingly SJ, Sutaria SR, Huang J, Nantz MH, Fu XA. Analysis of a Broad Range of Carbonyl Metabolites in Exhaled Breath by UHPLC-MS. Anal Chem 2023; 95:4344-4352. [PMID: 36815760 PMCID: PMC10521381 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c04604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in exhaled breath (EB) has shown great potential for disease detection including lung cancer, infectious respiratory diseases, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Although many breath sample collection and analytical methods have been developed for breath analysis, analysis of metabolic VOCs in exhaled breath is still a challenge for clinical application. Many carbonyl compounds in exhaled breath are related to the metabolic processes of diseases. This work reports a method of ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS) for the analysis of a broad range of carbonyl metabolites in exhaled breath. Carbonyl compounds in the exhaled breath were captured by a fabricated silicon microreactor with a micropillar array coated with 2-(aminooxy)ethyl-N,N,N-trimethylammonium (ATM) triflate. A total of six subgroups consisting of saturated aldehydes and ketones, hydroxy-aldehydes, and hydroxy-ketones, unsaturated 2-alkenals, and 4-hydroxy-2-alkenals were identified in the exhaled breath. The combination of a silicon microreactor for the selective capture of carbonyl compounds with UHPLC-MS analysis may provide a quantitative method for the analysis of carbonyls to identify disease markers in exhaled breath.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Xie
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, United States
| | - James D. Morris
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, United States
| | | | - Saurin R. Sutaria
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, United States
| | - Jiapeng Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, United States
| | - Michael H. Nantz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, United States
| | - Xiao-An Fu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, United States
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Awchi M, Sinues P, Datta AN, García-Gómez D, Singh KD. UHPLC-MS/MS-Based Identity Confirmation of Amino Acids Involved in Response to and Side Effects from Antiseizure Medications. J Proteome Res 2023; 22:990-995. [PMID: 36812155 PMCID: PMC9990125 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.2c00835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Real-time breath analysis using secondary electrospray ionization coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry is a fast and noninvasive method to access the metabolic state of a person. However, it lacks the ability to unequivocally assign mass spectral features to compounds due to the absence of chromatographic separation. This can be overcomed by using exhaled breath condensate and conventional liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) systems. In this study, to the best of our knowledge, we confirm for the first time the presence of six amino acids (GABA, Oxo-Pro, Asp, Gln, Glu, and Tyr) previously reported to be involved in response to and side effects from antiseizure medications in exhaled breath condensate and by extension in exhaled human breath. Raw data are publicly available at MetaboLights with the accession number MTBLS6760.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mo Awchi
- University Children's Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Spitalstrasse 33, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Gewerbestrasse 14, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Pablo Sinues
- University Children's Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Spitalstrasse 33, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Gewerbestrasse 14, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Alexandre N Datta
- University Children's Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Spitalstrasse 33, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Diego García-Gómez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Salamanca, Plaza de los Caídos s/n, 37008 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Kapil Dev Singh
- University Children's Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Spitalstrasse 33, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Gewerbestrasse 14, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Bangma J, McCord J, Giffard N, Buckman K, Petali J, Chen C, Amparo D, Turpin B, Morrison G, Strynar M. Analytical method interferences for perfluoropentanoic acid (PFPeA) and perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA) in biological and environmental samples. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 315:137722. [PMID: 36592832 PMCID: PMC10165721 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
While high-resolution MS (HRMS) can be used for identification and quantification of novel per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS), low-resolution MS/MS is the more commonly used and affordable approach for routine PFAS monitoring. Of note, perfluoropentanoic acid (PFPeA) and perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA), two of the smaller carboxylic acid containing-PFAS, have only one major MS/MS transition, preventing the use of qualitative transitions for verification on low-resolution instrumentation. Recently our lab has observed widespread chemical interference in the quantitative ion channel for PFPeA (263 → 219) and PFBA (213 → 169) in numerous matrices. PFPeA interference was investigated using HRMS and putatively assigned as a diprotic unsaturated fatty acid (263.1288 Da) in shellfish and a separate interferent (13C isotope of 262.1087 Da) in hot cocoa, which had been previously described by the FDA. PFBA interference caused by saturated oxo-fatty acids, previously demonstrated in tissue, was also observed in liquid condensate from a residential air conditioning unit. Therefore, in support of PFAS analysis on low-resolution instrumentation, authors recommend several adjustments to analytical methods including altering liquid chromatography (LC) conditions as well as using matched internal standards to investigate and expressly confirm PFBA and PFPeA detections in both biological and environmental samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Bangma
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN, USA; Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
| | - James McCord
- Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Nathan Giffard
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Kate Buckman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Jonathan Petali
- Environmental Health Program, New Hampshire Department of Environmental Services, Concord, NH, USA
| | - Celia Chen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Daniel Amparo
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Barbara Turpin
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Glenn Morrison
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Mark Strynar
- Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Weber R, Kaeslin J, Moeller S, Perkins N, Micic S, Moeller A. Effects of a Volatile Organic Compound Filter on Breath Profiles Measured by Secondary Electrospray High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry. Molecules 2022; 28:molecules28010045. [PMID: 36615240 PMCID: PMC9822030 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from the ambient air potentially influence on-line breath analysis measurements by secondary electrospray ionization high-resolution mass spectrometry (SESI-HRMS). The aim of this study was to investigate how inhaling through a VOC filter affects the detected breath profiles and whether it is feasible to integrate such filters into routine measurements. A total of 24 adult participants performed paired breath analysis measurements with and without the use of an activated carbon filter for inspiration. Concordance correlation coefficients (CCCs) and the Bland−Altman analysis were used to assess the agreement between the two methods. Additionally, the effect on a selection of known metabolites and contaminants was analyzed. Out of all the detected features, 78.3% showed at least a moderate agreement before and after filter usage (CCC > 0.9). The decrease in agreement of the remaining m/z features was mostly associated with reduced signal intensities after filter usage. Although a moderate-to-substantial concordance was found for almost 80% of the m/z features, the filter still had an effect by decreasing signal intensities, not only for contaminants, but also for some of the studied metabolites. Operationally, the use of the filter complicated and slowed down the conductance of measurements, limiting its applicability in clinical studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ronja Weber
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Childhood Research Center, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, Steinwiesstrasse 75, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jérôme Kaeslin
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Vladimir-Prelog Weg 1-5/10, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sophia Moeller
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Childhood Research Center, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, Steinwiesstrasse 75, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nathan Perkins
- Division of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, Steinwiesstrasse 75, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Srdjan Micic
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Childhood Research Center, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, Steinwiesstrasse 75, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
- Correspondence: (S.M.); (A.M.)
| | - Alexander Moeller
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Childhood Research Center, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, Steinwiesstrasse 75, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Raemistrasse 71, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland
- Correspondence: (S.M.); (A.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Identification of Exhaled Metabolites in Children with Cystic Fibrosis. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12100980. [PMID: 36295881 PMCID: PMC9611656 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12100980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The early detection of inflammation and infection is important to prevent irreversible lung damage in cystic fibrosis. Novel and non-invasive monitoring tools would be of high benefit for the quality of life of patients. Our group previously detected over 100 exhaled mass-to-charge (m/z) features, using on-line secondary electrospray ionization high-resolution mass spectrometry (SESI-HRMS), which distinguish children with cystic fibrosis from healthy controls. The aim of this study was to annotate as many m/z features as possible with putative chemical structures. Compound identification was performed by applying a rigorous workflow, which included the analysis of on-line MS2 spectra and a literature comparison. A total of 49 discriminatory exhaled compounds were putatively identified. A group of compounds including glycolic acid, glyceric acid and xanthine were elevated in the cystic fibrosis group. A large group of acylcarnitines and aldehydes were found to be decreased in cystic fibrosis. The proposed compound identification workflow was used to identify signatures of volatile organic compounds that discriminate children with cystic fibrosis from healthy controls, which is the first step for future non-invasive and personalized applications.
Collapse
|
12
|
He H, Guo J, Zhao J, Xu J, Zhao C, Gao Z, Song YY. Engineering CuMOF in TiO 2 Nanochannels as Flexible Gas Sensor for High-Performance NO Detection at Room Temperature. ACS Sens 2022; 7:2750-2758. [PMID: 36097963 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c01318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
As a marker molecule in respiratory gases for the pulmonary disease asthma, nitric oxide (NO) has attracted much attention for real-time gas monitoring. However, low sensitivity, poor selectivity, and high operating temperature limit the practical applications of metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) based chemiresistor gas sensors. Herein, by deliberately introducing metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) in free-standing TiO2 nanochannels (NCs), a chemiresistor gas sensor with excellent detection ability and outstanding selective traits is developed for sensing NO at room temperature (RT). The precisely engineered Cu(II)-based MOF Cu-TCA (H3TCA = tricarboxytriphenyl amine) induces more active surface in the NCs, causing the buildup of CuTCA/TiO2 p-n heterojunctions that improve the sensing response at RT just via a simple UV irradiation (λ = 365 nm). Importantly, the specialized reductive reaction of Cu(II) by NO enables a remarkable selectivity toward NO analysis. Owing to the synergistic large active surface and chemical sensitization effects from Cu-TCA, the resulting Cu-TCA/TiO2 NCs show outstanding sensing performance; i.e., the response ((Rgas - Rair)/Rair) reaches 124% at 50 ppm of NO with a detection limit of 140 ppb at RT. In addition, the response time decreases to 25.6% if the system is subjected to UV irradiation. The as-formed sensing membrane is also demonstrated to be practically effective for flexible and wearable sensing devices for quantitative NO analysis. This study facilitates the use of MOFs to achieve synergistically enhanced selectivity and sensitivity to develop high-performance gas sensors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haoxuan He
- College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Junli Guo
- College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Jiahui Zhao
- College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Jing Xu
- College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Chenxi Zhao
- College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Zhida Gao
- College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Yan-Yan Song
- College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zhang P, Ren T, Chen H, Li Q, He M, Feng Y, Wang L, Huang T, Yuan J, Deng G, Lu H. A feasibility study of COVID-19 detection using breath analysis by high-pressure photon ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. J Breath Res 2022; 16. [PMID: 36052728 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7163/ac8ea1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND SARS-CoV-2 has caused a tremendous threat to global health. PCR and antigen testing have played a prominent role in the detection of SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals and disease control. An efficient, reliable detection tool is still urgently needed to halt the global COVID-19 pandemic. Recently, FDA emergency approved VOC as an alternative test for COVID-19 detection. METHODS AND MATERIALS In this case-control study, we prospectively and consecutively recruited 95 confirmed COVID-19 patients and 106 healthy controls in the designated hospital for treatment of COVID-19 patients in Shenzhen, China. Exhaled breath samples were collected and stored in customized bags and then detected by HPPI-TOFMS for volatile organic components (VOCs). Machine learning (ML) algorithms were employed for COVID-19 detection model construction. Participants were randomly assigned in a 5:2:3 ratio to the training, validation, and blinded test sets. The sensitivity (SEN), specificity (SPE), and other general metrics were employed for the VOCs based COVID-19 detection model performance evaluation. RESULTS The VOCs based COVID-19 detection model achieved good performance, with a SEN of 92.2% (95% CI: 83.8%, 95.6%), a SPE of 86.1% (95% CI: 74.8%, 97.4%) on blinded test set. Five potential VOC ions related to COVID-19 infection were discovered, which are significantly different between COVID-19 infected patients and controls. CONCLUSIONS This study evaluated a simple, fast, non-invasive VOCs-based COVID-19 detection method and demonstrated that it has good sensitivity and specificity in distinguishing COVID-19 infected patients from controls. It has great potential for fast and accurate COVID-19 detection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peize Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary medicine and Tuberculosis, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, No. 29, Bulan Road, Longgang District, Shenzhen, 518112, CHINA
| | - Tantan Ren
- Department of Pulmonary medicine and Tuberculosis, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, No. 29, Bulan Road, Longgang District, Shenzhen, 518112, CHINA
| | - Haibin Chen
- Breax Laboratory, PCAB Research Center of Breath and Metabolism, 3rd Gangnanli, Fengtai Distinct, Beijing, 100071, CHINA
| | - Qingyun Li
- Breax Laboratory, PCAB Research Center of Breath and Metabolism, 3rd Gangnanli, Fengtai Distinct, Beijing, 100071, CHINA
| | - Mengqi He
- Breax Laboratory, PCAB Research Center of Breath and Metabolism, 3rd Gangnanli, Fengtai Distinct, Beijing, 100071, CHINA
| | - Yong Feng
- Breax Laboratory, PCAB Research Center of Breath and Metabolism,, 3rd Gangnanli, Fengtai Distinct, Beijing, 100071, CHINA
| | - Lei Wang
- Breax Laboratory, PCAB Research Center of Breath and Metabolism, 3rd Gangnanli, Fengtai Distinct, Beijing, 100071, CHINA
| | - Ting Huang
- Department of Disease Control, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, No. 29, Bulan Road, Longgang District, Beijing, 100071, CHINA
| | - Jing Yuan
- Department of Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, No. 29, Bulan Road, Longgang District, Shenzhen, 518112, CHINA
| | - Guofang Deng
- Department of Pulmonary medicine and Tuberculosis,, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, No. 29, Bulan Road, Longgang District, Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518112, CHINA
| | - Hongzhou Lu
- Department of Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, No. 29, Bulan Road, Longgang District, Shenzhen, 518112, CHINA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ye X, Ge L, Jiang T, Guo H, Chen B, Liu C, Hayashi K. Fully Inkjet-Printed Chemiresistive Sensor Array Based on Molecularly Imprinted Sol-Gel Active Materials. ACS Sens 2022; 7:1819-1828. [PMID: 35731925 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c00093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The fabrication of chemiresistive sensors by inkjet printing is recognized as a breakthrough in gas-sensing applications. One challenge of this technology, however, is how to enhance the cross-selectivity of the sensor array. Herein, we present a ketjen black (KB) ink and molecularly imprinted sol-gel (MISG) inks to support the fabrication of a fully inkjet-printed chemiresistive sensor array, enabling the highly accurate recognition of volatile organic acids (VOAs) on the molecular level. The MISG/KB sensor array was prepared on a glossy photographic paper with a three-layer structure: a circuit layer by a commercial silver ink, a conductive layer by a KB ink, and an active selective layer by MISG inks imprinted by different templates. Hexanoic acid (HA), heptanoic acid, and octanoic acid were used as templates to prepare the MISGs and as targets to evaluate the detection and discrimination performance of the sensor array. Three resultant MISG/KB sensors exhibited high sensitivity and selectivity to VOA vapors. The limit of detection and imprinting factor were 0.018 ppm and 7.82, respectively, for HA-MISG/KB sensors to the corresponding target. With linear discriminant analysis of the gas responses, the MISG/KB sensor array can realize high discrimination to VOAs in single and binary mixtures. Furthermore, the proposed sensor array showed strong sensor robustness with excellent consistency, durability, bending, and humidity resistance. This work developed a fully inkjet-printed chemiresistive sensor array, enabling the realization of high cross-selectivity detection, achieving low-cost, scalable, and highly reproducible sensor fabrication, moving it closer to reliable, commercial, and wearable multi-analyte human body odor analysis potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Ye
- Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Lingpu Ge
- Graduate School of Information Science and Electrical Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Tianshu Jiang
- Graduate School of Information Science and Electrical Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Hao Guo
- Graduate School of Information Science and Electrical Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Bin Chen
- College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Chuanjun Liu
- Graduate School of Information Science and Electrical Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.,Research Laboratory, U.S.E. Co., Ltd., Tokyo 150-0013, Japan
| | - Kenshi Hayashi
- Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.,Graduate School of Information Science and Electrical Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Kaeslin J, Zenobi R. Resolving isobaric interferences in direct infusion tandem mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2022; 36:e9266. [PMID: 35124854 PMCID: PMC9286799 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE The co-fragmentation of precursors in direct infusion (DI) tandem high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) can complicate the fragment spectra and consequently lead to false hits during compound identification. METHODS The method herein described, termed IQAROS (incremental quadrupole acquisition to resolve overlapping spectra), modulates the intensities of precursors and fragments by stepwise movement of the quadrupole isolation window over the mass-to-charge (m/z) range of the precursors. The modulated signals are then deconvoluted by a linear regression model to reconstruct the fragment spectra with less interference. The hardware to demonstrate the use of IQAROS was an orbitrap with electrospray ionization (ESI) or secondary electrospray ionization (SESI), although the method can also be applied to other ionization techniques or mass analyzers. RESULTS Assessing the performance of IQAROS with isobaric standards revealed that the reconstructed fragment spectra match with spectra acquired from the pure standards and that more compounds were correctly identified compared with the classical approach with the quadrupole centered at the m/z value of the precursor of interest. Moreover, the strength of IQAROS is exemplified by the identification of two isobaric biomarkers directly from a breath sample with SESI-HRMS. CONCLUSIONS With IQAROS, cleaner fragment spectra of co-fragmenting isobars during DI-HRMS analysis can be obtained. IQAROS can easily be set up by the standard graphical user interface of the instrument. Therefore, it facilitates the characterization of features of interest in samples analyzed by DI-HRMS, for example, in high-throughput or real-time metabolomics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Kaeslin
- Department of Chemistry and Applied BiosciencesETH ZürichZürichSwitzerland
| | - Renato Zenobi
- Department of Chemistry and Applied BiosciencesETH ZürichZürichSwitzerland
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Real-Time Monitoring of Metabolism during Exercise by Exhaled Breath. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11120856. [PMID: 34940614 PMCID: PMC8709070 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11120856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Continuous monitoring of metabolites in exhaled breath has recently been introduced as an advanced method to allow non-invasive real-time monitoring of metabolite shifts during rest and acute exercise bouts. The purpose of this study was to continuously measure metabolites in exhaled breath samples during a graded cycle ergometry cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET), using secondary electrospray high resolution mass spectrometry (SESI-HRMS). We also sought to advance the research area of exercise metabolomics by comparing metabolite shifts in exhaled breath samples with recently published data on plasma metabolite shifts during CPET. We measured exhaled metabolites using SESI-HRMS during spiroergometry (ramp protocol) on a bicycle ergometer. Real-time monitoring through gas analysis enabled us to collect high-resolution data on metabolite shifts from rest to voluntary exhaustion. Thirteen subjects participated in this study (7 female). Median age was 30 years and median peak oxygen uptake (VO2max) was 50 mL·/min/kg. Significant changes in metabolites (n = 33) from several metabolic pathways occurred during the incremental exercise bout. Decreases in exhaled breath metabolites were measured in glyoxylate and dicarboxylate, tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA), and tryptophan metabolic pathways during graded exercise. This exploratory study showed that selected metabolite shifts could be monitored continuously and non-invasively through exhaled breath, using SESI-HRMS. Future studies should focus on the best types of metabolites to monitor from exhaled breath during exercise and related sources and underlying mechanisms.
Collapse
|
17
|
Bangma JT, Reiner J, Fry RC, Manuck T, McCord J, Strynar MJ. Identification of an Analytical Method Interference for Perfluorobutanoic Acid in Biological Samples. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LETTERS 2021; 8:1085-1090. [PMID: 35127964 PMCID: PMC8811701 DOI: 10.1021/acs.estlett.1c00901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The investigation of per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS) in environmental and biological samples relies on both high- and low-resolution mass spectrometry (MS) techniques. While high-resolution MS (HRMS) can be used for identification and quantification of novel compounds, low-resolution MS is the more commonly used and affordable approach for studies examining previously identified PFAS. Of note, perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA) is one of the smaller PFAS observed in biological and environmental samples and has only one major MS/MS transition, preventing the use of qualitative transitions for verification. Recently, our laboratories undertook a targeted investigation of PFAS in the human placenta from high-risk pregnancies utilizing low-resolution, targeted MS/MS. Examination of placental samples revealed a widespread (n = 93/122 (76%)) chemical interferent in the quantitative ion channel for PFBA (213 → 169). PFBA concentrations were influenced by up to ∼3 ng/g. Therefore, additional chromatographic and HRMS/MS instrumentation was utilized to investigate the suspect peak and putatively assign the identity of the interfering compound as the saturated oxo-fatty acid (SOFA) 3-oxo-dodecanoic acid.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline T Bangma
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Jessica Reiner
- Chemical Sciences Division, Hollings Marine Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 331 Fort Johnson Road, Charleston, South Carolina 29412, United States
| | - Rebecca C Fry
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27516, United States; Institute for Environmental Health Solutions, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States; Curriculum in Toxicology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Tracy Manuck
- Institute for Environmental Health Solutions, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - James McCord
- Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, United States
| | - Mark J Strynar
- Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, United States
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Differentiation of Cystic Fibrosis-Related Pathogens by Volatile Organic Compound Analysis with Secondary Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11110773. [PMID: 34822431 PMCID: PMC8617967 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11110773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Identifying and differentiating bacteria based on their emitted volatile organic compounds (VOCs) opens vast opportunities for rapid diagnostics. Secondary electrospray ionization high-resolution mass spectrometry (SESI-HRMS) is an ideal technique for VOC-biomarker discovery because of its speed, sensitivity towards polar molecules and compound characterization possibilities. Here, an in vitro SESI-HRMS workflow to find biomarkers for cystic fibrosis (CF)-related pathogens P. aeruginosa, S. pneumoniae, S. aureus, H. influenzae, E. coli and S. maltophilia is described. From 180 headspace samples, the six pathogens are distinguishable in the first three principal components and predictive analysis with a support vector machine algorithm using leave-one-out cross-validation exhibited perfect accuracy scores for the differentiation between the groups. Additionally, 94 distinctive features were found by recursive feature elimination and further characterized by SESI-MS/MS, which yielded 33 putatively identified biomarkers. In conclusion, the six pathogens can be distinguished in vitro based on their VOC profiles as well as the herein reported putative biomarkers. In the future, these putative biomarkers might be helpful for pathogen detection in vivo based on breath samples from patients with CF.
Collapse
|
19
|
Nowak N, Gaisl T, Miladinovic D, Marcinkevics R, Osswald M, Bauer S, Buhmann J, Zenobi R, Sinues P, Brown SA, Kohler M. Rapid and reversible control of human metabolism by individual sleep states. Cell Rep 2021; 37:109903. [PMID: 34706242 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep is crucial to restore body functions and metabolism across nearly all tissues and cells, and sleep restriction is linked to various metabolic dysfunctions in humans. Using exhaled breath analysis by secondary electrospray ionization high-resolution mass spectrometry, we measured the human exhaled metabolome at 10-s resolution across a night of sleep in combination with conventional polysomnography. Our subsequent analysis of almost 2,000 metabolite features demonstrates rapid, reversible control of major metabolic pathways by the individual vigilance states. Within this framework, whereas a switch to wake reduces fatty acid oxidation, a switch to slow-wave sleep increases it, and the transition to rapid eye movement sleep results in elevation of tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediates. Thus, in addition to daily regulation of metabolism, there exists a surprising and complex underlying orchestration across sleep and wake. Both likely play an important role in optimizing metabolic circuits for human performance and health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nora Nowak
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8093, Switzerland; Department of Pulmonology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich 8091, Switzerland; Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Gaisl
- Department of Pulmonology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich 8091, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Martin Osswald
- Department of Pulmonology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich 8091, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Bauer
- Department of Computer Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8092, Switzerland
| | - Joachim Buhmann
- Department of Computer Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8092, Switzerland
| | - Renato Zenobi
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Pablo Sinues
- University Children's Hospital Basel, Basel 4056, Switzerland; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Allschwil 4123, Switzerland
| | - Steven A Brown
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Zurich 8057, Switzerland.
| | - Malcolm Kohler
- Department of Pulmonology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich 8091, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Drabińska N, Flynn C, Ratcliffe N, Belluomo I, Myridakis A, Gould O, Fois M, Smart A, Devine T, Costello BDL. A literature survey of all volatiles from healthy human breath and bodily fluids: the human volatilome. J Breath Res 2021; 15. [PMID: 33761469 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7163/abf1d0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This paper comprises an updated version of the 2014 review which reported 1846 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) identified from healthy humans. In total over 900 additional VOCs have been reported since the 2014 review and the VOCs from semen have been added. The numbers of VOCs found in breath and the other bodily fluids are: blood 379, breath 1488, faeces 443, milk 290, saliva 549, semen 196, skin 623 and urine 444. Compounds were assigned CAS registry numbers and named according to a common convention where possible. The compounds have been included in a single table with the source reference(s) for each VOC, an update on our 2014 paper. VOCs have also been grouped into tables according to their chemical class or functionality to permit easy comparison. Careful use of the database is needed, as a number of the identified VOCs only have level 2-putative assignment, and only a small fraction of the reported VOCs have been validated by standards. Some clear differences are observed, for instance, a lack of esters in urine with a high number in faeces and breath. However, the lack of compounds from matrices such a semen and milk compared to breath for example could be due to the techniques used or reflect the intensity of effort e.g. there are few publications on VOCs from milk and semen compared to a large number for breath. The large number of volatiles reported from skin is partly due to the methodologies used, e.g. by collecting skin sebum (with dissolved VOCs and semi VOCs) onto glass beads or cotton pads and then heating to a high temperature to desorb VOCs. All compounds have been included as reported (unless there was a clear discrepancy between name and chemical structure), but there may be some mistaken assignations arising from the original publications, particularly for isomers. It is the authors' intention that this work will not only be a useful database of VOCs listed in the literature but will stimulate further study of VOCs from healthy individuals; for example more work is required to confirm the identification of these VOCs adhering to the principles outlined in the metabolomics standards initiative. Establishing a list of volatiles emanating from healthy individuals and increased understanding of VOC metabolic pathways is an important step for differentiating between diseases using VOCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Drabińska
- Division of Food Sciences, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10, 10-747 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Cheryl Flynn
- Centre of Research in Biosciences, University of the West of England, Frenchay Campus, Coldharbour Lane, Bristol BS16 1QY, United Kingdom
| | - Norman Ratcliffe
- Centre of Research in Biosciences, University of the West of England, Frenchay Campus, Coldharbour Lane, Bristol BS16 1QY, United Kingdom
| | - Ilaria Belluomo
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, St. Mary's Campus, QEQM Building, London W2 1NY, United Kingdom
| | - Antonis Myridakis
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, St. Mary's Campus, QEQM Building, London W2 1NY, United Kingdom
| | - Oliver Gould
- Centre of Research in Biosciences, University of the West of England, Frenchay Campus, Coldharbour Lane, Bristol BS16 1QY, United Kingdom
| | - Matteo Fois
- Centre of Research in Biosciences, University of the West of England, Frenchay Campus, Coldharbour Lane, Bristol BS16 1QY, United Kingdom
| | - Amy Smart
- Centre of Research in Biosciences, University of the West of England, Frenchay Campus, Coldharbour Lane, Bristol BS16 1QY, United Kingdom
| | - Terry Devine
- Centre of Research in Biosciences, University of the West of England, Frenchay Campus, Coldharbour Lane, Bristol BS16 1QY, United Kingdom
| | - Ben De Lacy Costello
- Centre of Research in Biosciences, University of the West of England, Frenchay Campus, Coldharbour Lane, Bristol BS16 1QY, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Wang Y, Duan L, Deng Z, Liao J. Electrically Transduced Gas Sensors Based on Semiconducting Metal Oxide Nanowires. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 20:E6781. [PMID: 33260973 PMCID: PMC7729516 DOI: 10.3390/s20236781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Semiconducting metal oxide-based nanowires (SMO-NWs) for gas sensors have been extensively studied for their extraordinary surface-to-volume ratio, high chemical and thermal stabilities, high sensitivity, and unique electronic, photonic and mechanical properties. In addition to improving the sensor response, vast developments have recently focused on the fundamental sensing mechanism, low power consumption, as well as novel applications. Herein, this review provides a state-of-art overview of electrically transduced gas sensors based on SMO-NWs. We first discuss the advanced synthesis and assembly techniques for high-quality SMO-NWs, the detailed sensor architectures, as well as the important gas-sensing performance. Relationships between the NWs structure and gas sensing performance are established by understanding general sensitization models related to size and shape, crystal defect, doped and loaded additive, and contact parameters. Moreover, major strategies for low-power gas sensors are proposed, including integrating NWs into microhotplates, self-heating operation, and designing room-temperature gas sensors. Emerging application areas of SMO-NWs-based gas sensors in disease diagnosis, environmental engineering, safety and security, flexible and wearable technology have also been studied. In the end, some insights into new challenges and future prospects for commercialization are highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence & Optical Information, Ministry of Education, School of Science, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China;
| | - Li Duan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Security and Privacy in Intelligent Transportation, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China;
| | - Zhen Deng
- Key Laboratory for Renewable Energy, Beijing Key Laboratory for New Energy Materials and Devices, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jianhui Liao
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, Department of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China;
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Zhu SZ, Zhang L, Zhang J, Guo YL. Arc Plasma-Based Dissociation Device: Fingerprinting Mass Spectrometric Analysis Realized at Atmospheric Condition. Anal Chem 2020; 92:14633-14639. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c03127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Su-zhen Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry and National Center for Organic Mass Spectrometry in Shanghai, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry and National Center for Organic Mass Spectrometry in Shanghai, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry and National Center for Organic Mass Spectrometry in Shanghai, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yin-long Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry and National Center for Organic Mass Spectrometry in Shanghai, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Bruderer T, Gaugg MT, Cappellin L, Lopez-Hilfiker F, Hutterli M, Perkins N, Zenobi R, Moeller A. Detection of Volatile Organic Compounds with Secondary Electrospray Ionization and Proton Transfer Reaction High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry: A Feature Comparison. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2020; 31:1632-1640. [PMID: 32584571 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.0c00059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The analysis of volatiles is of high relevance for a wide range of applications from environmental air sampling and security screening to potential medical applications. High-resolution mass spectrometry methods offer a particularly wide compound coverage, sensitivity, and selectivity. Online approaches allow direct analysis in real time without the need for sample preparation. For the first time, we systematically compared the analysis of volatile organic compounds with secondary electrospray ionization (SESI) and proton transfer reaction (PTR) high-resolution mass spectrometry. The selected instruments had comparable mass resolving powers with m/Δm ≥ 15000, which is particularly suitable for nontargeted analysis, for example, of exhaled breath. Exhalations from 14 healthy adults were analyzed simultaneously on both instruments. In addition, 97 reference standards from nine chemical classes were analyzed with a liquid evaporation system. Surprisingly, in breath, we found more complementary than overlapping features. A clear mass dependence was observed for each method with the highest number of detected m/z features for SESI in the high mass region (m/z = 150-250) and for PTR in the low mass region (m/z = 50-150). SESI yielded a significantly higher numbers of peaks (828) compared to PTR (491) among a total of 1304 unique breath m/z features. The number of signals observed by both methods was lower than expected (133 features) with 797 unique SESI features and 374 unique PTR features. Hypotheses to explain the observed mass-dependent differences are proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Bruderer
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, University Children's Hospital Zurich and Children's Research Center Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin T Gaugg
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Luca Cappellin
- TOFWERK AG, 3645 Thun, Switzerland
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, 38010 San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | | | | | - Nathan Perkins
- Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, University Children's Hospital Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Renato Zenobi
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Moeller
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, University Children's Hospital Zurich and Children's Research Center Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Xie Y, Li Q, Hua L, Chen P, Hu F, Wan N, Li H. Highly selective and sensitive online measurement of trace exhaled HCN by acetone-assisted negative photoionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry with in-source CID. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1111:31-39. [PMID: 32312394 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Exhaled hydrogen cyanide (HCN) has been extensively investigated as a promising biomarker of the presence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the airways of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) disease. Its concentration profile for exhalation can provide useful information for medical disease diagnosis and therapeutic procedures. However, the complexity of breath gas, like high humidity, carbon dioxide (CO2) and trace organic compounds, usually leads to quantitative error, poor selectivity and sensitivity for HCN with some of existing analytical techniques. In this work, acetone-assisted negative photoionization (AANP) based on a vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) lamp with a time-of- flight mass spectrometer (AANP-TOFMS) was firstly proposed for online measurement of trace HCN in human breath. In-source collision-induced dissociation (CID) was adopted for sensitivity improvement and the signal response of the characteristic ion CN- (m/z 26) was improved by about 24-fold. For accurate and reliable analysis of the exhaled HCN, matrix influences in the human breath including humidity and CO2 were investigated, respectively. A Nafion tube was used for online dehumidification of breath samples. Matrix-adapted calibration in the concentration range of 0.5-50 ppbv with satisfactory dynamic linearity and repeatability was obtained. The limit of quantitation (LOQ) for HCN at 0.5 ppbv was achieved in the presence of 100% relative humidity and 4% CO2. Finally, the method was successfully applied for online determination of human mouth- and nose-exhaled HCN, and the nose-exhaled HCN were proved to be reliable for assessing systemic HCN levels for individuals. The results are encouraging and highlight the potential of AANP-TOFMS with in-source CID as a selective, accurate, sensitive and noninvasive technique for determination of the exhaled HCN for CF clinical diagnosis and HCN poisoning assessment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Xie
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingyun Li
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Hua
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ping Chen
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Hu
- Henan Province Medical Instrument Testing Institute, 79 Xiongerhe Road, Zhengzhou, 450018, People's Republic of China
| | - Ningbo Wan
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyang Li
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Li J, Xu J, Zhang R, Hao Y, He J, Chen Y, Jiao G, Abliz Z. Strategy for Global Profiling and Identification of 2- and 3-Hydroxy Fatty Acids in Plasma by UPLC-MS/MS. Anal Chem 2020; 92:5143-5151. [PMID: 32134635 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b05627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
2-Hydroxy fatty acids (2-OHFAs) and 3-hydroxy fatty acids (3-OHFAs) with the same carbon backbone are isomers, both of which are closely related to diseases involving fatty acid oxidation disorder. However, the comprehensive profiling of 2- and 3-OHFAs remains an ongoing challenge due to their high structure similarity, few structure-informative product ions, and limited availability of standards. Here, we developed a new strategy to profile and identify 2- and 3-OHFAs according to structure-dependent retention time prediction models using ultraperformance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). Both accurate MS and MS/MS spectra were collected for peak annotation by comparison with an in-house database of theoretically possible 2- and 3-OHFAs. The structures were further confirmed by the validated structure-dependent retention time prediction models, taking advantage of the correlation between the retention time, carbon chain length and number of double bonds, as well as the hydroxyl position-induced isomeric retention time shift rule. With the use of this strategy, 18 2-OHFAs and 32 3-OHFAs were identified in the pooled plasma, of which 7 2-OHFAs and 20 3-OHFAs were identified for the first time in this work, furthering our understanding of OHFA metabolism. Subsequent quantitation method was developed by scheduled multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) and then applied to investigate the alteration of 2- and 3-OHFAs in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patients. Finally, a potential biomarker panel consisting of six OHFAs with good diagnostic performance was achieved. Our study provides a new strategy for isomer identification and analysis, showing great potential for targeted metabolomics in clinical biomarker discovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiangshuo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100050 Beijing, China
| | - Jing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100050 Beijing, China
| | - Ruiping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100050 Beijing, China
| | - Yanzeng Hao
- Department of Pathology and Thoracic Surgery, Linzhou Esophageal Cancer Hospital, 456500 Linzhou, China
| | - Jiuming He
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100050 Beijing, China
| | - Yanhua Chen
- Centre for Imaging & Systems Biology, Minzu University of China, 100081 Beijing, China
| | - Guanggen Jiao
- Department of Pathology and Thoracic Surgery, Linzhou Esophageal Cancer Hospital, 456500 Linzhou, China
| | - Zeper Abliz
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100050 Beijing, China.,Centre for Imaging & Systems Biology, Minzu University of China, 100081 Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Weber R, Haas N, Baghdasaryan A, Bruderer T, Inci D, Micic S, Perkins N, Spinas R, Zenobi R, Moeller A. Volatile organic compound breath signatures of children with cystic fibrosis by real-time SESI-HRMS. ERJ Open Res 2020; 6:00171-2019. [PMID: 31956658 PMCID: PMC6955441 DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00171-2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Early pulmonary infection and inflammation result in irreversible lung damage and are major contributors to cystic fibrosis (CF)-related morbidity. An easy to apply and noninvasive assessment for the timely detection of disease-associated complications would be of high value. We aimed to detect volatile organic compound (VOC) breath signatures of children with CF by real-time secondary electrospray ionisation high-resolution mass spectrometry (SESI-HRMS). A total of 101 children, aged 4-18 years (CF=52; healthy controls=49) and comparable for sex, body mass index and lung function were included in this prospective cross-sectional study. Exhaled air was analysed by a SESI-source linked to a high-resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometer. Mass spectra ranging from m/z 50 to 500 were recorded. Out of 3468 m/z features, 171 were significantly different in children with CF (false discovery rate adjusted p-value of 0.05). The predictive ability (CF versus healthy) was assessed by using a support-vector machine classifier and showed an average accuracy (repeated cross-validation) of 72.1% (sensitivity of 77.2% and specificity of 67.7%). This is the first study to assess entire breath profiles of children with SESI-HRMS and to extract sets of VOCs that are associated with CF. We have detected a large set of exhaled molecules that are potentially related to CF, indicating that the molecular breath of children with CF is diverse and informative.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ronja Weber
- Division of Respiratory Medicine and Childhood Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Naemi Haas
- Division of Respiratory Medicine and Childhood Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Astghik Baghdasaryan
- Division of Respiratory Medicine and Childhood Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.,Joint Medical Center Arabkir, Division of Pulmonology, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Tobias Bruderer
- Division of Respiratory Medicine and Childhood Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.,ETH Zürich, Dept of Chemistry and Applied Bioscience, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Demet Inci
- Division of Respiratory Medicine and Childhood Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Srdjan Micic
- Division of Respiratory Medicine and Childhood Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Nathan Perkins
- Division of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, University Children's Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Renate Spinas
- Division of Respiratory Medicine and Childhood Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Renato Zenobi
- ETH Zürich, Dept of Chemistry and Applied Bioscience, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Moeller
- Division of Respiratory Medicine and Childhood Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.,A list of the members of the Paediatric Exhalomics Group can be found at the end of this article
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Bruderer T, Gaisl T, Gaugg MT, Nowak N, Streckenbach B, Müller S, Moeller A, Kohler M, Zenobi R. On-Line Analysis of Exhaled Breath Focus Review. Chem Rev 2019; 119:10803-10828. [PMID: 31594311 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
On-line analysis of exhaled breath offers insight into a person's metabolism without the need for sample preparation or sample collection. Due to its noninvasive nature and the possibility to sample continuously, the analysis of breath has great clinical potential. The unique features of this technology make it an attractive candidate for applications in medicine, beyond the task of diagnosis. We review the current methodologies for on-line breath analysis, discuss current and future applications, and critically evaluate challenges and pitfalls such as the need for standardization. Special emphasis is given to the use of the technology in diagnosing respiratory diseases, potential niche applications, and the promise of breath analysis for personalized medicine. The analytical methodologies used range from very small and low-cost chemical sensors, which are ideal for continuous monitoring of disease status, to optical spectroscopy and state-of-the-art, high-resolution mass spectrometry. The latter can be utilized for untargeted analysis of exhaled breath, with the capability to identify hitherto unknown molecules. The interpretation of the resulting big data sets is complex and often constrained due to a limited number of participants. Even larger data sets will be needed for assessing reproducibility and for validation of biomarker candidates. In addition, molecular structures and quantification of compounds are generally not easily available from on-line measurements and require complementary measurements, for example, a separation method coupled to mass spectrometry. Furthermore, a lack of standardization still hampers the application of the technique to screen larger cohorts of patients. This review summarizes the present status and continuous improvements of the principal on-line breath analysis methods and evaluates obstacles for their wider application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Bruderer
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences , Swiss Federal Institute of Technology , CH-8093 Zurich , Switzerland.,Division of Respiratory Medicine , University Children's Hospital Zurich and Children's Research Center Zurich , CH-8032 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Thomas Gaisl
- Department of Pulmonology , University Hospital Zurich , CH-8091 Zurich , Switzerland.,Zurich Center for Interdisciplinary Sleep Research , University of Zurich , CH-8091 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Martin T Gaugg
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences , Swiss Federal Institute of Technology , CH-8093 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Nora Nowak
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences , Swiss Federal Institute of Technology , CH-8093 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Bettina Streckenbach
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences , Swiss Federal Institute of Technology , CH-8093 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Simona Müller
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences , Swiss Federal Institute of Technology , CH-8093 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Alexander Moeller
- Division of Respiratory Medicine , University Children's Hospital Zurich and Children's Research Center Zurich , CH-8032 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Malcolm Kohler
- Department of Pulmonology , University Hospital Zurich , CH-8091 Zurich , Switzerland.,Center for Integrative Human Physiology , University of Zurich , CH-8091 Zurich , Switzerland.,Zurich Center for Interdisciplinary Sleep Research , University of Zurich , CH-8091 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Renato Zenobi
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences , Swiss Federal Institute of Technology , CH-8093 Zurich , Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Standardization procedures for real-time breath analysis by secondary electrospray ionization high-resolution mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2019; 411:4883-4898. [PMID: 30989265 PMCID: PMC6611759 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-019-01764-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Despite the attractiveness of breath analysis as a non-invasive means to retrieve relevant metabolic information, its introduction into routine clinical practice remains a challenge. Among all the different analytical techniques available to interrogate exhaled breath, secondary electrospray ionization high-resolution mass spectrometry (SESI-HRMS) offers a number of advantages (e.g., real-time, yet wide, metabolome coverage) that makes it ideal for untargeted and targeted studies. However, so far, SESI-HRMS has relied mostly on lab-built prototypes, making it difficult to standardize breath sampling and subsequent analysis, hence preventing further developments such as multi-center clinical studies. To address this issue, we present here a number of new developments. In particular, we have characterized a new SESI interface featuring real-time readout of critical exhalation parameters such as CO2, exhalation flow rate, and exhaled volume. Four healthy subjects provided breath specimens over a period of 1 month to characterize the stability of the SESI-HRMS system. A first assessment of the repeatability of the system using a gas standard revealed a coefficient of variation (CV) of 2.9%. Three classes of aldehydes, namely 4-hydroxy-2-alkenals, 2-alkenals and 4-hydroxy-2,6-alkedienals―hypothesized to be markers of oxidative stress―were chosen as representative metabolites of interest to evaluate the repeatability and reproducibility of this breath analysis analytical platform. Median and interquartile ranges (IQRs) of CVs for CO2, exhalation flow rate, and exhaled volume were 3.2% (1.5%), 3.1% (1.9%), and 5.0% (4.6%), respectively. Despite the high repeatability observed for these parameters, we observed a systematic decay in the signal during repeated measurements for the shorter fatty aldehydes, which eventually reached a steady state after three/four repeated exhalations. In contrast, longer fatty aldehydes showed a steady behavior, independent of the number of repeated exhalation maneuvers. We hypothesize that this highly molecule-specific and individual-independent behavior may be explained by the fact that shorter aldehydes (with higher estimated blood-to-air partition coefficients; approaching 100) mainly get exchanged in the airways of the respiratory system, whereas the longer aldehydes (with smaller estimated blood-to-air partition coefficients; approaching 10) are thought to exchange mostly in the alveoli. Exclusion of the first three exhalations from the analysis led to a median CV (IQR) of 6.7 % (5.5 %) for the said classes of aldehydes. We found that such intra-subject variability is in general much lower than inter-subject variability (median relative differences between subjects 48.2%), suggesting that the system is suitable to capture such differences. No batch effect due to sampling date was observed, overall suggesting that the intra-subject variability measured for these series of aldehydes was biological rather than technical. High correlations found among the series of aldehydes support this notion. Finally, recommendations for breath sampling and analysis for SESI-HRMS users are provided with the aim of harmonizing procedures and improving future inter-laboratory comparisons. Graphical abstract ![]()
Collapse
|
29
|
Feider CL, Krieger A, DeHoog RJ, Eberlin LS. Ambient Ionization Mass Spectrometry: Recent Developments and Applications. Anal Chem 2019; 91:4266-4290. [PMID: 30790515 PMCID: PMC7444024 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b00807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 249] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Clara L. Feider
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Anna Krieger
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Rachel J. DeHoog
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Livia S. Eberlin
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Güntner AT, Abegg S, Königstein K, Gerber PA, Schmidt-Trucksäss A, Pratsinis SE. Breath Sensors for Health Monitoring. ACS Sens 2019; 4:268-280. [PMID: 30623644 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.8b00937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Breath sensors can revolutionize medical diagnostics by on-demand detection and monitoring of health parameters in a noninvasive and personalized fashion. Despite extensive research for more than two decades, however, only a few breath sensors have been translated into clinical practice. Actually, most never even left the scientific laboratories. Here, we describe key challenges that currently impede realization of breath sensors and highlight strategies to overcome them. Specifically, we start with breath marker selection (with emphasis on metabolic and inflammatory markers) and breath sampling. Next, the sensitivity, stability, and selectivity requirements for breath sensors are described. Concepts are elaborated to systematically address these requirements by material design (focusing on chemoresistive metal oxides), orthogonal arrays, and filters. Finally, aspects of portable device integration, user communication, and clinical applicability are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas T. Güntner
- Particle Technology Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital Zurich, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Abegg
- Particle Technology Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Karsten Königstein
- Division Sports and Exercise Medicine, Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, CH-4052 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Philipp A. Gerber
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital Zurich, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Arno Schmidt-Trucksäss
- Division Sports and Exercise Medicine, Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, CH-4052 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sotiris E. Pratsinis
- Particle Technology Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Gaugg MT, Engler A, Bregy L, Nussbaumer-Ochsner Y, Eiffert L, Bruderer T, Zenobi R, Sinues P, Kohler M. Molecular breath analysis supports altered amino acid metabolism in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Respirology 2019; 24:437-444. [PMID: 30681243 DOI: 10.1111/resp.13465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Diagnosis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is complex and its pathogenesis is poorly understood. Recent findings indicate elevated levels of proline and other amino acids in lung tissue of IPF patients which may also be of diagnostic value. Following these findings, we hypothesized that such altered metabolic profiles would be mirrored in exhaled breath and could therefore be captured non-invasively in real time. METHODS We aimed to validate these results using real-time exhaled breath analysis by secondary electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry, which can provide a non-invasive, painless and fast insight into the metabolism. Breath analysis was performed in a matched 1:1 case-control study involving 21 patients with IPF and 21 control subjects. RESULTS We found significantly (P < 0.05) elevated levels of proline, 4-hydroxyproline, alanine, valine, leucine/isoleucine and allysine in breath of IPF patients, whereas pyroglutamic acid and phenylalanine did not show significant differences. This coincides with the amino acid's abundance in pulmonary tissue indicating that our observations reflect progressing fibrosis. In addition, amino acid levels correlated across subjects, further supporting a common underlying pathway. We were able to obtain a cross-validated area under the curve of 0.86, suggesting that these increased amino acid levels in exhaled breath have the potential to be used as biomarkers for IPF. CONCLUSION We could validate previous findings of elevated lung tissue amino acid levels in IPF and show that online breath analysis might be a practical tool for a rapid screening for IPF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Thomas Gaugg
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anna Engler
- Department of Pulmonology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lukas Bregy
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Lara Eiffert
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Bruderer
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland.,Division of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Renato Zenobi
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pablo Sinues
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland.,University Children's Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Malcolm Kohler
- Department of Pulmonology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Centre for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Gaugg MT, Nussbaumer-Ochsner Y, Bregy L, Engler A, Stebler N, Gaisl T, Bruderer T, Nowak N, Sinues P, Zenobi R, Kohler M. Real-Time Breath Analysis Reveals Specific Metabolic Signatures of COPD Exacerbations. Chest 2019; 156:269-276. [PMID: 30685334 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2018.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exacerbations of COPD are defined by acute worsening of respiratory symptoms leading to a change in therapy. Identifying altered metabolic processes in patients at risk for future exacerbations is desirable for treatment optimization, the development of new therapeutic strategies, and perhaps diagnostic value. We aimed to identify affected pathways using the profiles of volatile organic compounds in exhaled breath from patients with COPD with and without frequent exacerbations (≥ 2 exacerbations within the past 12 months). METHODS In this matched cohort study, exhaled breath profiles from patients with COPD and frequent exacerbations ("frequent exacerbators") and without frequent exacerbations ("nonfrequent exacerbators") were analyzed during an exacerbation-free interval using real-time secondary electrospray ionization high-resolution mass spectrometry. We analyzed exhaled breath from 26 frequent exacerbators and 26 nonfrequent exacerbators that were matched in terms of age, sex, and smoking history. To obtain new pathophysiological insights, we investigated significantly altered metabolites, which can be assigned to specific pathways. Metabolites were identified by using a Wilcoxon rank-sum test. RESULTS Metabolite levels from the ω-oxidation pathway, namely ω-hydroxy, ω-oxo, and dicarboxylic acids, were consistently decreased in frequent exacerbators. Additionally, several new nitro-aromatic metabolites, which were significantly increased in frequent exacerbators, were identified. CONCLUSIONS Real-time breath analysis by secondary electrospray high-resolution mass spectrometry allows molecular profiling of exhaled breath, providing insights about ongoing biochemical processes in patients with COPD at risk for exacerbations. TRIAL REGISTRY ClinicalTrials.gov; No.: NCT02186639; URL: www.clinicaltrials.gov.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Thomas Gaugg
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Lukas Bregy
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anna Engler
- Department of Pulmonology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nina Stebler
- Department of Pulmonology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Gaisl
- Department of Pulmonology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Bruderer
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Division of Respiratory Medicine, Childhood Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nora Nowak
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pablo Sinues
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; University Children's Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Renato Zenobi
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Malcolm Kohler
- Department of Pulmonology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Tejero Rioseras A, Singh KD, Nowak N, Gaugg MT, Bruderer T, Zenobi R, Sinues PML. Real-Time Monitoring of Tricarboxylic Acid Metabolites in Exhaled Breath. Anal Chem 2018; 90:6453-6460. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b04600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Tejero Rioseras
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- SEADM, S.L., 28036 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Cordoba, 14005 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Kapil Dev Singh
- University Children’s Hospital Basel, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Nora Nowak
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin T. Gaugg
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Bruderer
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Renato Zenobi
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pablo M.-L. Sinues
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- University Children’s Hospital Basel, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Gaisl T, Bregy L, Stebler N, Gaugg MT, Bruderer T, García-Gómez D, Moeller A, Singer F, Schwarz EI, Benden C, M-L Sinues P, Zenobi R, Kohler M. Real-time exhaled breath analysis in patients with cystic fibrosis and controls. J Breath Res 2018; 12:036013. [DOI: 10.1088/1752-7163/aab7fd] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
35
|
Singh KD, Del Miguel GV, Gaugg MT, Ibañez AJ, Zenobi R, Kohler M, Frey U, Sinues PML. Translating secondary electrospray ionization-high-resolution mass spectrometry to the clinical environment. J Breath Res 2018; 12:027113. [PMID: 29411710 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7163/aa9ee3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
While there has been progress in making use of breath tests to guide clinical decision making, the full potential of exhaled breath analysis still remains to be exploited. Here we summarize some of the reasons why this is the case, what we have done so far to overcome some of the existing obstacles, and our vision of how we think breath analysis will play a more prominent role in the coming years. In particular, we envision that real-time high-resolution mass spectrometry will provide valuable information in biomarker discovery studies. However, this can only be achieved by a coordinated effort, using standardized equipment and methods in multi-center studies to eventually deliver tangible advances in the field of breath analysis in a clinical setting. Concrete aspects such as sample integrity, compound identification, quantification and standardization are discussed. Novel secondary electrospray ionization developments with the aim of facilitating inter-groups comparisons and biomarker validation studies are also presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kapil Dev Singh
- University of Basel Children's Hospital, Basel, Switzerland. Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Booth MA, Gowers SAN, Leong CL, Rogers ML, Samper IC, Wickham AP, Boutelle MG. Chemical Monitoring in Clinical Settings: Recent Developments toward Real-Time Chemical Monitoring of Patients. Anal Chem 2017; 90:2-18. [PMID: 29083872 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b04224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marsilea A Booth
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London , London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Sally A N Gowers
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London , London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Chi Leng Leong
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London , London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Michelle L Rogers
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London , London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Isabelle C Samper
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London , London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Aidan P Wickham
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London , London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Martyn G Boutelle
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London , London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|